Adrenergic alpha 2 receptor agonists. Medical search

A specific category of drugs that prevent sleepiness by specifically targeting sleep-mechanisms in the brain. They are used to treat DISORDERS OF EXCESSIVE SOMNOLENCE such as NARCOLEPSY. Note that this drug category does not include broadly-acting central nervous system stimulants such as AMPHETAMINES.

A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate SEROTONIN RECEPTORS. Many serotonin receptor agonists are used as ANTIDEPRESSANTS; ANXIOLYTICS; and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.

Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT1 RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT1 receptor subtypes.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are agonists for one or more of the specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA).

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GABA-A RECEPTORS.

Compounds that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that bind to and activate GABA-B RECEPTORS.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.

Compounds that interact with and stimulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.

Endogenous compounds and drugs that specifically stimulate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P2 RECEPTORS.

One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.

Plasma glycoprotein member of the serpin superfamily which inhibits TRYPSIN; NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE; and other PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Kappa opioid receptors bind dynorphins with a higher affinity than endorphins which are themselves preferred to enkephalins.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.

Drugs that bind to and activate histamine receptors. Although they have been suggested for a variety of clinical applications histamine agonists have so far been more widely used in research than therapeutically.

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

Drugs that bind to and activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, MUSCARINIC). Muscarinic agonists are most commonly used when it is desirable to increase smooth muscle tone, especially in the GI tract, urinary bladder and the eye. They may also be used to reduce heart rate.

Drugs that bind to and activate nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC). Nicotinic agonists act at postganglionic nicotinic receptors, at neuroeffector junctions in the peripheral nervous system, and at nicotinic receptors in the central nervous system. Agents that function as neuromuscular depolarizing blocking agents are included here because they activate nicotinic receptors, although they are used clinically to block nicotinic transmission.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Mu opioid receptors bind, in decreasing order of affinity, endorphins, dynorphins, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin. They have also been shown to be molecular receptors for morphine.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta- aminoethylbenzene which is structurally and pharmacologically related to amphetamine. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC BETA-3 RECEPTORS.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is regulated by OXYGEN availability and is targeted for degradation by VHL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN.

A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Delta opioid receptors bind endorphins and enkephalins with approximately equal affinity and have less affinity for dynorphins.

Drugs that bind to and activate adrenergic receptors.

A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.

A GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID derivative that is a specific agonist of GABA-B RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MUSCLE SPASTICITY, especially that due to SPINAL CORD INJURIES. Its therapeutic effects result from actions at spinal and supraspinal sites, generally the reduction of excitatory transmission.

A class of cell surface receptors that prefer ADENOSINE to other endogenous PURINES. Purinergic P1 receptors are widespread in the body including the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and nervous systems. There are at least two pharmacologically distinguishable types (A1 and A2, or Ri and Ra).

Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.

A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D1-class receptor genes lack INTRONS, and the receptors stimulate ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

Quantitative determination of receptor (binding) proteins in body fluids or tissue using radioactively labeled binding reagents (e.g., antibodies, intracellular receptors, plasma binders).

Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES.

A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.

A subclass of adenosine A2 receptors found in LEUKOCYTES, the SPLEEN, the THYMUS and a variety of other tissues. It is generally considered to be a receptor for ADENOSINE that couples to the GS, STIMULATORY G-PROTEIN.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L. The most pharmacologically active constituents are TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOL; and CANNABIDIOL.

A member of the NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR subfamily of the LIGAND-GATED ION CHANNEL family. It consists entirely of pentameric a7 subunits expressed in the CNS, autonomic nervous system, vascular system, lymphocytes and spleen.

A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors that mediate contraction of SMOOTH MUSCLE in a variety of tissues such as ARTERIOLES; VEINS; and the UTERUS. They are usually found on postsynaptic membranes and signal through GQ-G11 G-PROTEINS.

Cell membrane proteins that bind opioids and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The endogenous ligands for opioid receptors in mammals include three families of peptides, the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The receptor classes include mu, delta, and kappa receptors. Sigma receptors bind several psychoactive substances, including certain opioids, but their endogenous ligands are not known.

A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.

Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Cell-surface proteins that bind SEROTONIN and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Several types of serotonin receptors have been recognized which differ in their pharmacology, molecular biology, and mode of action.

One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors were originally distinguished by their preference for NICOTINE over MUSCARINE. They are generally divided into muscle-type and neuronal-type (previously ganglionic) based on pharmacology, and subunit composition of the receptors.

Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.

Drugs that bind to and activate cholinergic receptors.

Canine external carotid vasoconstriction to methysergide, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: role of 5-HT1B/1D receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors. (1/319)

The antimigraine drugs methysergide, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine (DHE) produce selective vasoconstriction in the external carotid bed of vagosympathectomized dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbital and artificially respired, but the receptors involved have not yet been completely characterized. Since the above drugs display affinity for several binding sites, including alpha-adrenoceptors and several 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor subtypes, this study has analysed the mechanisms involved in the above responses. Intracarotid (i.c.) infusions during 1 min of methysergide (31-310 microg min(-1)), ergotamine (0.56-5.6 microg min(-1)) or DHE (5.6-31 microg min(-1)) dose-dependently reduced external carotid blood flow (ECBF) by up to 46+/-4, 37+/-4 and 49+/-5%, respectively. Blood pressure and heart rate remained unchanged. The reductions in ECBF by methysergide were abolished and even reversed to increases in animals pre-treated with GR127935 (10 microg kg(-1), i.v.). The reductions in ECBF by ergotamine and DHE remained unchanged in animals pre-treated (i.v.) with prazosin (300 microg kg(-1)), but were partly antagonized in animals pre-treated with either GR127935 (10 or 30 microg kg(-1)) or yohimbine (1000 microg kg(-1)). Pre-treatment with a combination of GR127935 (30 microg kg(-1)) and yohimbine (1000 microg kg(-1)) abolished the responses to both ergotamine and DHE. The above doses of antagonists were shown to produce selective antagonism at their respective receptors. These results suggest that the external carotid vasoconstrictor responses to methysergide primarily involve 5-HT1B/1D receptors, whereas those to ergotamine and DHE are mediated by 5-HT1B/1D receptors as well as alpha2-adrenoceptors. (+info)

Role of potassium channels in the antinociception induced by agonists of alpha2-adrenoceptors. (2/319)

1. The effect of the administration of pertussis toxin (PTX) as well as modulators of different subtypes of K+ channels on the antinociception induced by clonidine and guanabenz was evaluated in the mouse hot plate test. 2. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin (0.25 microg per mouse i.c.v.) 7 days before the hot-plate test, prevented the antinociception induced by both clonidine (0.08-0.2 mg kg(-1), s.c.) and guanabenz (0.1-0.5 mg kg(-1), s.c.). 3. The administration of the K(ATP) channel openers minoxidil (10 microg per mouse, i.c.v.), pinacidil (25 microg per mouse, i.c.v.) and diazoxide (100 mg kg(-1), p.o.) potentiated the antinociception produced by clonidine and guanabenz whereas the K(ATP) channel blocker gliquidone (6 microg per mouse, i.c.v.) prevented the alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist-induced analgesia. 4. Pretreatment with an antisense oligonucleotide (aODN) to mKv1.1, a voltage-gated K+ channel, at the dose of 2.0 nmol per single i.c.v. injection, prevented the antinociception induced by both clonidine and guanabenz in comparison with degenerate oligonucleotide (dODN)-treated mice. 5. The administration of the Ca2+-gated K+ channel blocker apamin (0.5-2.0 ng per mouse, i.c.v.) never modified clonidine and guanabenz analgesia. 6. At the highest effective doses, none of the drugs used modified animals' gross behaviour nor impaired motor coordination, as revealed by the rota-rod test. 7. The present data demonstrate that both K(ATP) and mKv1.1 K+ channels represent an important step in the transduction mechanism underlying central antinociception induced by activation of alpha2 adrenoceptors. (+info)

Clonidine evokes vasodepressor responses via alpha2-adrenergic receptors in gigantocellular reticular formation. (3/319)

The gigantocellular depressor area (GiDA) is a functionally defined subdivision of the medullary gigantocellular reticular formation where vasodepressor responses are evoked by glutamate nanoinjections. The GiDA also contains reticulospinal neurons that contain the alpha2A-adrenergic receptor (alpha2A-AR). In the present study, we sought to determine whether nanoinjections of the alpha2-AR agonist clonidine into the GiDA evoke cardiovascular responses and whether these responses can be attributed to the alpha2-AR. We found that nanoinjections of clonidine into the GiDA evoke dose-dependent decreases in arterial pressure and heart rate. These responses were equivalent in magnitude to responses produced by clonidine nanoinjections into the sympathoexcitatory region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Furthermore, the vasodepressor and bradycardic responses produced by clonidine injections into the GiDA were blocked in a dose-dependent fashion by the highly selective alpha2-AR antagonist 2-methoxyidazoxan, but not by prazosin, which is an antagonist at both the alpha1-AR and the 2B subtype of the alpha-AR. The antagonism by 2-methoxyidazoxan was site specific because injections of the antagonist into the rostral ventrolateral medulla failed to block the responses evoked by clonidine injections into the GiDA. These findings support the notion that clonidine produces sympathoinhibition through multiple sites within the medullary reticular formation, which is consistent with the wide distribution of the alpha2A-AR in reticulospinal neurons. These data also suggest that clonidine may have multiple mechanisms of action because it evokes a cardiovascular depressive response from regions containing neurons that have been determined to be both sympathoinhibitory and sympathoexcitatory. (+info)

Cardiopulmonary effects of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists medetomidine and ST-91 in anesthetized sheep. (4/319)

To test the hypothesis that pulmonary alterations are more important than hemodynamic changes in alpha2-agonist-induced hypoxemia in ruminants, the cardiopulmonary effects of incremental doses of (4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imadazole) hydrochloride (medetomidine; 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4 micrograms/kg) and 2-(2, 6-diethylphenylamino)-2-imidazol (ST-91; 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12 micrograms/kg) were compared in five halothane-anesthetized, ventilated sheep using a placebo-controlled randomized crossover design. Pulmonary resistance (RL), dynamic compliance, and tidal volume changes in transpulmonary pressure (DeltaPpl) were determined by pneumotachography, whereas cardiac index (CI), mean pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (Ppaw) were determined using thermodilution and a Swan-Ganz catheter. The most important finding was the fall in partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) after administration of medetomidine at a dose (0.5 micrograms/kg) 20 times less than the sedative dose. The PaO2 levels decreased to 214 mm Hg as compared with 510 mm Hg in the placebo-treated group. This decrease in PaO2 was associated with a decrease in dynamic compliance and an increase in RL, DeltaPpl, and the intrapulmonary shunt fraction without changes in heart rate, CI, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, Ppa, or Ppaw. On the other hand, ST-91 only produced significant changes in PaO2 at the highest dose. After this dose of ST-91, the decrease in PaO2 was accompanied by a 50% decrease in CI and an increase in mean arterial pressure, Ppa, Ppaw, and the intrapulmonary shunt fraction without significant alterations of RL and DeltaPpl. The study suggests that the mechanism(s) by which medetomidine and ST-91 produce lower PaO2 are different and that drug-induced alterations in the pulmonary system are mainly responsible for the oxygen-lowering effect of medetomidine. (+info)

The alpha2A-adrenergic receptor discriminates between Gi heterotrimers of different betagamma subunit composition in Sf9 insect cell membranes. (5/319)

In view of the expanding roles of the betagamma subunits of the G proteins in signaling, the possibility was raised that the rich diversity of betagamma subunit combinations might contribute to the specificity of signaling at the level of the receptor. To test this possibility, Sf9 cell membranes expressing the recombinant alpha2A-adrenergic receptor were used to assess the contribution of the betagamma subunit composition. Reconstituted coupling between the receptor and heterotrimeric Gi protein was assayed by high affinity, guanine nucleotide-sensitive binding of the alpha2-adrenergic agonist, [3H]UK-14,304. Supporting this hypothesis, the present study showed clear differences in the abilities of the various betagamma dimers, including those containing the beta3 subtype and the newly described gamma4, gamma10, and gamma11 subtypes, to promote interaction of the same alphai subunit with the alpha2A-adrenergic receptor. (+info)

Effect of strenuous, acute exercise on alpha2-adrenergic agonist-potentiated platelet activation. (6/319)

Vigorous exercise transiently increases the risk of primary cardiac arrest. Strenuous, acute exercise can also increase the release of plasma epinephrine. Previous investigations have indicated that epinephrine can potentiate platelet activation by activating platelet alpha2-adrenoceptors. This study investigated how strenuous, acute exercise affects alpha2-adrenergic agonist-potentiated platelet activation by closely examining 15 sedentary men who exercised strenuously on a bicycle ergometer. Before and immediately after exercise, platelet adhesiveness on fibrinogen-coated surfaces, [Ca2+]i in platelets, the number and affinity of alpha2-adrenergic sites on the platelet surface, and plasma catecholamine levels were determined. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: (1) The affinity of alpha2-adrenergic receptors on platelets decreases while the maximal binding number significantly increases after strenuous exercise, thereby correlating with the rise in plasma catecholamine levels. (2) Basal, clonidine-treated, ADP-treated, and clonidine plus ADP-treated adhesiveness and [Ca2+]i in platelets increased after strenuous exercise. (3) Strenuous exercise is associated with higher percentages of ADP- and clonidine plus ADP-enhanced platelet adhesiveness and [Ca2+]i than at rest. (4) The synergistic effects of clonidine on ADP-enhanced platelet adhesiveness and [Ca2+]i after strenuous exercise are much greater than those at rest. Therefore, we conclude that strenuous, acute exercise enhances platelet activation, possibly by altering the performance of platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptors, facilitating the ability of ADP-activated fibrinogen receptors, and enhancing fibrinogen binding to platelet fibrinogen receptors. (+info)

Differential cotransmission in sympathetic nerves: role of frequency of stimulation and prejunctional autoreceptors. (7/319)

Recent reports have suggested that sympathetic nerves may store separately and release independently the cotransmitters ATP and norepinephrine (NE). It is conceivable therefore that the quantity of each neurotransmitter that is released from the nerves is not fixed but rather may vary, possibly with the frequency of stimulation. To test this hypothesis we studied the concomitant release at various frequencies and cooperative postjunctional actions of ATP and NE during the first 10 s of electrical field stimulation of the guinea pig vas deferens. We found that at lower frequencies (8 Hz), prejunctional inhibition of the release of NE, which occurs via alpha2-adrenoceptors, modulates the ultimate composition of the cocktail of cotransmitters by limiting the amount of NE that is coreleased with ATP. As the frequency of stimulation increases (above 8 Hz), the autoinhibition of the release of NE is overridden and the amount of NE relative to ATP increases. The smooth muscle of the guinea pig vas deferens reacts to changes in composition of the sympathetic neurochemical messages by increasing the amplitude of its contractions due to the enhancement by NE of the contractile responses triggered by ATP. This evidence suggests that the prejunctional alpha2-adrenoceptor may function as a sensor that "reads" the frequency of action potentials produced during a burst of neuronal activity and converts that information into discrete neurochemical messages with varying proportions of cotransmitters. The mechanism for decoding the informational content of these messages is based on the cooperative postjunctional interactions of the participating cotransmitters. (+info)

Moxonidine, a selective alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonist, produces spinal antinociception in mice. (8/319)

alpha2-Adrenergic receptor (AR)-selective compounds produce antihypertensive and antinociceptive effects. Moxonidine alleviates hypertension in multiple species, including humans. This study demonstrates that intrathecally administered moxonidine produces antinociception in mice. Antinociception was detected via the (52.5 degrees C) tail-flick and Substance P (SP) nociceptive tests. Moxonidine was intrathecally administered to ICR, mixed C57BL/6 x 129/Sv [wild type (WT)], or C57BL/6 x 129/Sv mice with dysfunctional alpha2aARs (D79N-alpha2a). The alpha2AR-selective antagonist SK&F 86466 and the mixed I1/alpha2AR-selective antagonist efaroxan were tested for inhibition of moxonidine-induced antinociception. Moxonidine prolonged tail-flick latencies in ICR (ED50 = 0.5 nmol; 0. 3-0.7), WT (0.17 nmol; 0.09-0.32), and D79N-alpha2a (0.32 nmol; 0. 074-1.6) mice. Moxonidine inhibited SP-elicited behavior in ICR (0. 04 nmol; 0.03-0.07), WT (0.4 nmol; 0.3-0.5), and D79N-alpha2a (1.1 nmol; 0.7-1.7) mice. Clonidine produced antinociception in WT but not D79N-alpha2a mice. SK&F 86466 and efaroxan both antagonized moxonidine-induced inhibition of SP-elicited behavior in all mouse lines. SK&F 86466 antagonism of moxonidine-induced antinociception implicates the participation of alpha2ARs. The comparable moxonidine potency between D79N-alpha2a and WT mice suggests that receptors other than alpha2a mediate moxonidine-induced antinociception. Conversely, absence of clonidine efficacy in D79N-alpha2a mice implies that alpha2aAR activation enables clonidine-induced antinociception. When clinically administered, moxonidine induces fewer side effects relative to clonidine; moxonidine-induced antinociception appears to involve a different alpha2AR subtype than clonidine-induced antinociception. Therefore, moxonidine may prove to be an effective treatment for pain with an improved side effect profile. (+info)

The DRD4 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that inhibits adenylyl cyclase. The DRD4-7R mutation results in a wide range ... Medications used include stimulants, atomoxetine, alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, and sometimes antidepressants. In those ... 12 The majority of studies on nicotine and other nicotinic agonists as treatments for ADHD have shown favorable results; ... The 7 repeat variant of dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4-7R) causes increased inhibitory effects induced by dopamine and is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Antihypertensive agents, Beta-adrenergic agonists, ... converts alpha-methyldopamine into alpha-methylnorepinephrine, which is an agonist of the presynaptic α2-adrenergic receptor ... Methyldopa acts on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, which are found on the pre synaptic nerve terminal. This inhibits the ... Methyldopa is in the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist family of medication. It works by stimulating the brain to decrease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyldopa

The main endogenous agonist of these cell receptors is norepinephrine (NE). The adrenergic receptors exert opposite physiologic ... alpha-1 receptors. Under NE binding alpha-1 receptors cause vasoconstriction ( contraction of the vascular smooth muscle cells ... Agonists of alpha-2 receptors in the vascular smooth muscle lead to vasoconstriction. However, in clinical practice drugs ... Antagonists of alpha-1 receptors (doxazosin, prazosin) cause vasodilation (a decrease in vascular smooth muscle tone with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_smooth_muscle

Zolpidem, a GABA-A receptor agonist and "Z-hypnotic" medication, has shown some efficacy in treating insomnia due to cannabis ... Combination therapy with dronabinol and the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor agonist lofexidine have shown mixed results, with ... Baclofen, a GABA-B receptor agonist and antispasmodic medication, has been found to reduce cravings but without a significant ... Buspirone, a serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) agonist, has shown limited efficacy for treating anxiety in people with cannabis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_use_disorder

... (pronounced GWAHN-a-benz, sold under the trade name Wytensin) is an alpha agonist that is selective to the alpha-2 ... adrenergic receptor. Guanabenz is used as an antihypertensive drug, i.e. to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). The most ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Chloroarenes, Guanidines, All stub articles, Antihypertensive agent stubs). ... 2 (3): S543-6. PMID 6599714.[permanent dead link] v t e (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanabenz

... a selective alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonist, produces spinal antinociception in mice". The Journal of ... Moxonidine (INN) is a new-generation alpha-2/imidazoline receptor agonist antihypertensive drug licensed for the treatment of ... Moxonidine is a selective agonist at the imidazoline receptor subtype 1 (I1). This receptor subtype is found in both the ... moxonidine binds with much greater affinity to the imidazoline I1-receptor than to the α2-receptor. In contrast, clonidine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moxonidine

... that the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a highly potent alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist and moderately potent 5HT1A receptor ... It appears to be unique among cannabinoid compounds by also having high affinity and activity at alpha-2 adrenergic receptors ... Although general effects of its use as a dietary supplement remain undefined, the potent activity of cannabigerol at alpha-2 ... adrenergic receptors raises concerns about its safety for human consumption, possibly having unintended effects, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabigerol

... is an α2 adrenergic agonist. α2 agonists, through the activation of a G protein-coupled receptor, inhibit the ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Imidazolines, Organobromides, Ophthalmology drugs, Quinoxalines, Wikipedia medicine ... Peripheral α2 agonist activity results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels (as opposed to central α2 agonist activity that ... The increased uveoscleral outflow from prolonged use may be explained by increased prostaglandin release due to α adrenergic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brimonidine

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 blockers, Cyclopropyl compounds, Imidazolines, Phenol ethers, All stub articles, ... Cirazoline is a full agonist at the α1A adrenergic receptor, a partial agonist at both the α1B and α1D adrenergic receptors, ... Ruffolo, R. R. Jr.; Waddell, J. E. (1982). "Receptor interactions of imidazolines. IX. Cirazoline is an α1 adrenergic agonist ... Arnsten, A.F.T.; Jentsch, J.D. (September 1997). "The Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonist, Cirazoline, Impairs Spatial Working Memory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirazoline

... is a potent α2 adrenergic agonist. When xylazine and other α2 adrenergic receptor agonists are administered, they ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Analgesics, Equine medications, Thiazines). ... It is an analog of clonidine and an agonist at the α2 class of adrenergic receptor. In veterinary anesthesia, xylazine is often ... Yohimbine, an α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, has been used to decrease glucose levels to a healthy level. In clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylazine

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Beta-adrenergic agonists, Catechol ethers, ... It increases outflow of the aqueous humour and also reduces its formation (mediated by its action on α1 and α2 receptors), thus ... It also increases the conductivity of trabecular filtering cells (a β2 receptor mediated action). It is preferred to ... 2: CD010746. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010746.pub2. PMC 5477062. PMID 28231380. (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipivefrine

... is an agonist at the α-2A, 2B, and 2C adrenergic receptor subtypes, with the highest activity at the alpha-2A ... It is an α2A adrenergic receptor agonist. It was approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States in ... Lofexidine is structurally analogous to clonidine, another α2 adrenergic receptor agonist used for treatment of opioid ... atoms on the phenyl ring are necessary for lofexidine's agonism at the α2a adrenergic receptor subtype; removal of either ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lofexidine

It is thought these effects are mediated via a partial agonist action at Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, and TDIQ has been ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Heterocyclic compounds with 3 rings, Nitrogen heterocycles, Oxygen heterocycles, All stub ... 72 (1-2): 379-87. doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00768-7. PMID 11900809. S2CID 33311107. Young R (2007). "TDIQ (5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1 ... 71 (1-2): 205-13. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.670.8659. doi:10.1016/S0091-3057(01)00666-9. PMID 11812524. S2CID 16553365. Glennon RA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TDIQ

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Chloroarenes, Guanidines, Imidazolines, ... It is an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a weak α1 adrenergic receptor agonist.[citation needed] Topical apraclonidine is ... Apraclonidine is useful in this case due to its weak α1-adrenergic properties. When applied to the denervated (and thus hyper- ... The affected pupil is thus miotic and the pupillary dilator responds to denervation by increasing α1 receptors. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apraclonidine

... is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist. Fox K, Dargie HJ, de Bono DP, Oliver MF, Wülfert E, Kharkevitch T (September ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Imidazoles, Salicylamides, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ... agonist (mivazerol) on limiting myocardial ischaemia in stable angina". Heart. 82 (3): 383-5. doi:10.1136/hrt.82.3.383. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mivazerol

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Decongestants, Imidazolines, 1-Naphthyl compounds, ... It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrenergic activity that acts on alpha-receptors in the arterioles of the ... Naphazoline is a mixed α1- and α2-adrenergic receptor agonist. The non-hydrochloride form of Naphazoline has the molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphazoline

... is a D2 dopamine receptor agonist and interacts both pre- and post-synaptic receptors. It also is an α2-adrenergic ... Alpha-1 blockers, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Allyl compounds, Azepanes, D2-receptor agonists, Dopamine agonists, ... Talipexole (B-HT920, Domnin) is a dopamine agonist that is marketed as a treatment for Parkinson's Disease in Japan by ... Page accessed 9 December 2014 Benkert O, Müller-Siecheneder F, Wetzel H (1995). "Dopamine agonists in schizophrenia: a review ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talipexole

... α2-adrenergic agonist, used to temporarily sedate animals yohimbine - used to reverse effects of xylazine, also called an " ... α2-adrenergic antagonist used to reverse the sedative and analgesic effects of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists benazepril ... dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses phenobarbital - anti- ... mu agonist/kappa antagonist, used as a cough suppressant and for a muscle relaxation effect in horses bedinvetmab - anti-NGF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_veterinary_drugs

... interacts with serotonin, adrenergic, and dopamine receptors. It is an agonist of serotonin receptors including the ... Alpha-1 blockers, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Antimigraine drugs, Biased ligands, Ergot alkaloids, Lactams, ... Ergotamine is an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor and has been associated with cardiac valvulopathy. Despite acting as ... or a 5-HT1 receptor agonist (e.g., sumatriptan). Side effects of ergotamine include nausea and vomiting. At higher doses, it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergotamine

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Beta-adrenergic agonists, Catecholamines, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbadrine

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Bayer brands, Imidazolines, Merck & Co. brands, ... A direct sympathomimetic, oxymetazoline binds to and activates α1 adrenergic receptors and α2 adrenergic receptors, most ... their primary effects appear on α adrenergic receptors, with little if any effect on β adrenergic receptors. Like other ... α2 adrenergic receptors. Since vascular beds widely express α1 receptors, the action of oxymetazoline results in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymetazoline

Action on cardiac contraction, circulatory parameters, autonomic receptors and diuresis". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 25 (11): 1802 ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Antihypertensive agents, Chloroarenes, Imidazolines, All stub articles, Antihypertensive ... Cosnier, D.; Labrid, C.; Rispat, G.; Streichenberger, G. (1975). "Pharmacological properties of 2-(2-chloro-p-toluidino)-2- ... Cosnier, D.; Hache, J.; Labrid, C.; Streichenberger, G. (1975). "Pharmacological properties of 2-(2-chloro-p-toluidino)-2- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolonidine

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Imidazolines, Tetralins, Topical decongestants, ... Tetryzoline is an alpha agonist for the alpha-2 receptor and an imidazoline receptor I-1 agonist. Mainly due to its alpha-2 ... due to the imidazoline-1 receptor agonism; the dry mouth and sedating effects of tetryzoline are due to alpha-2 agonism. In a ... Lowry JA, Brown JT (June 2014). "Significance of the imidazoline receptors in toxicology". Clinical Toxicology. 52 (5): 454-69 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetryzoline

Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Chloroarenes, Guanidines, All stub articles, Antihypertensive agent stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanoxabenz

... acts as an agonist at the α2 adrenergic receptor subtype. Side effects can include bradycardia and respiratory ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Organobromides, Fluoroarenes, Anilines, Sedatives, Imidazolines, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romifidine

It also interacts with other serotonin, adrenergic, and dopamine receptors. DHE is an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor ... Alpha-1 blockers, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Antimigraine drugs, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, ... DHE's antimigraine activity is due to its action as an agonist at the serotonin 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT1F receptors. ... It has similar actions to the triptans, acting as an agonist to the serotonin receptors and causing vasoconstriction of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroergotamine

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Catecholamines, Fluoroarenes, Phenylethanolamines) ... and α2-adrenergic receptor full agonist related to norepinephrine. It is the only selective full agonist for the α-adrenergic ... hyperactivity and behavioral disinhibition by suppressing activity in the area via stimulation of α1-adrenergic receptors. Kirk ... "Marked behavioral activation from inhibitory stimulation of locus coeruleus α1-adrenoceptors by a full agonist". Brain Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-Fluoronorepinephrine

Other alpha-two agonists used in veterinary medicine include xylazine and detomidine, but their use is less common in small ... It is an α2 adrenergic agonist that can be administered as an intravenous drug solution with sterile water. It was developed by ... August 2010). "Octopamine receptors from the barnacle balanus improvisus are activated by the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist ... August 2010). "Octopamine receptors from the barnacle balanus improvisus are activated by the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medetomidine

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Chloroethyl compounds, Imidazolines, Nitrogen ... Chloroethylclonidine is an irreversible agonist for adrenergic receptors, in particular alpha1B, D, C and alpha2A/D-subtypes. ... Docherty JR, O'Rourke M (February 1997). "The alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated actions of chloroethylclonidine". General ... 28 (2): 197-201. doi:10.1016/s0306-3623(96)00187-5. PMID 9013194. v t e (Drugs not assigned an ATC code, Articles with changed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroethylclonidine

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Beta-adrenergic agonists, Catecholamines, D1- ... receptor agonists, D2-receptor agonists, Dopamine agonists, Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents). ... and β2-receptors, but was weaker than dopamine as a D1-agonist. The β1-agonist effect of both compounds was weak or non- ... or β2-receptors. Additionally, it was observed that the effects of epinine were largely due to its direct action on receptors, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyepinephrine

BMY-7,378 is a 5-HT1A receptor weak partial agonist/antagonist and α1D-adrenergic receptor antagonist.[1] ... "BMY 7378 is a selective antagonist of the D subtype of alpha 1-adrenoceptors". European Journal of Pharmacology. 272 (2-3): R5- ... Agonists: 25H/NB series (e.g., 25I-NBF, 25I-NBMD, 25I-NBOH, 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, 25TFM-NBOMe, 2CBCB-NBOMe, 25CN- ... Agonists: 2Cs (e.g., 2C-B, 2C-E, 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7, 2C-T-21) ... Agonists: Ergolines (e.g., 2-Br-LSD (BOL-148), ergotamine, LSD) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMY-7,378

GABA receptor agonist. *Dopaminergic. *Serotonin agonist. *Adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetic). *Parasympathomimetic drug ( ... Two conformers of dopamine have been identified as alpha- and beta-conformers in which the catechol ring is coplanar with the ... A dopamine agonist (DA) is a compound that activates dopamine receptors. There are two families of dopamine receptors, D2-like ... They are substantial in agonist-receptor interactions.[31] Ergoline derivatives[edit]. Central dopaminergic agonist properties ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_agonist

Mutated human beta3-adrenergic receptor (Trp64Arg) lowers the response to beta3-adrenergic agonists in transfected 3T3-L1 ... adiponectin receptors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expressions in adipose tissues of obese diabetic KKAy mice.". European ... Masaaki Sawa, Hiroshi Harada (2006). „Recent Developments in the Design of Orally Bioavailable β3-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists ... a novel β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, on energy expenditure and body composition in obese men". The American Journal of ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-3_adrenergički_receptor

Adrenergic. *Adrenergic receptor agonist (α. *β (1. *2)). *Adrenergic receptor antagonist (α (1 ... alpha α1. α2. α3. α4. α5. α6. α7. α9. α10 CHRNA1. CHRNA2. CHRNA3. CHRNA4. CHRNA5. CHRNA6. CHRNA7. CHRNA9. CHRNA10 ACHRA, ACHRD ... which acts as a selective agonist at these receptors. When the NMDA receptor is activated by the binding of two co-agonists, ... The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, or quisqualate receptor) is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand-gated_ion_channel

1994). «Cloning, expression and characterization of human alpha adrenergic receptors alpha 1a, alpha 1b and alpha 1c.». Biochem ... 2001). «Agonist-regulated Interaction between alpha2-adrenergic receptors and spinophilin.». J. Biol. Chem. 276 (18): 15003-8. ... 1990). «Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for a novel alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtype.». J. Biol. Chem. 265 (14 ... 2003). «alpha 1-Adrenergic receptor subtypes differentially control the cell cycle of transfected CHO cells through a cAMP- ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_adrenérgico_alfa_1A

TAAR1 (full agonist). *CART (mRNA inducer). *5-HT1A receptor (low affinity ligand) ... aliphatic alpha- and beta-hydroxylation, N-oxidation, N-dealkylation, and deamination.[82][88] The known metabolic pathways, ... 2)CH. 2CH. 2CH. 2CH. 2NH. 2 + 2 CH. 3SO. 3H → [PhCH. 2CH(CH. 3)NHC(O)CH(NH+. 3)CH. 2CH. 2CH. 2CH. 2NH+. 3][CH. 3SO−. 3]. 2. ... 2 + (S)-HOOCCH(NH. 2)CH. 2CH. 2CH. 2CH. 2NH. 2 → (S,S)-PhCH. 2CH(CH. 3)NHC(O)CH(NH. 2)CH. 2CH. 2CH. 2CH. 2NH. 2 + H. 2O. Amine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine

... alpha adrenergic receptor - alpha helix - alpha-1 adrenergic receptor - alpha-2 adrenergic receptor - alpha-beta T-cell antigen ... adrenergic receptor - adrenodoxin - aequorin - aerobic respiration - agonist - alanine - albumin - alcohol - alcoholic ... receptor - alpha-fetoprotein - alpha-globulin - alpha-macroglobulin - alpha-MSH - Ames test - amide - amine - amino - amino ... beta adrenergic receptor - beta sheet - beta-1 adrenergic receptor - beta-2 adrenergic receptor - beta-thromboglobulin - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Alpha2-adrenergic agonists, such as brimonidine and apraclonidine, work by a dual mechanism, decreasing aqueous humor ... Less-selective alpha agonists, such as epinephrine, decrease aqueous humor production through vasoconstriction of ciliary body ... Topical beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, such as timolol, levobunolol, and betaxolol, decrease aqueous humor production by ... Prostaglandin agonists work by opening uveoscleral passageways. Beta-blockers, such as timolol, work by decreasing aqueous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

... the dopamine D2 receptor, and the α1-adrenergic receptor. The weak antiserotonergic effects of hydroxyzine likely underlie its ... Hydroxyzine's predominant mechanism of action is as a potent and selective histamine H1 receptor inverse agonist. This action ... Alpha-1 blockers, Antiemetics, Anxiolytics, Belgian inventions, D2 antagonists, Ethers, H1 receptor antagonists, ... identification of 4-methylhistamine as the first potent and selective H4 receptor agonist". The Journal of Pharmacology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyzine

... while the ACTH receptor and the β2 adrenergic receptor are relatively distantly-related with a sequence identity of ... rabbits respond to alpha and beta MSH's (therefore not using the ACTH receptor), and guinea pigs responding to both ACTH and ... the receptor is glycosylated and expressed on the cell plasma membrane. MCR's have both endogenous agonists and antagonists. α- ... ACTH receptors are the shortest of the melanocortin receptor family and are the smallest known G-coupled receptors. Both human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTH_receptor

In contrast to dopamine, fenoldopam is a selective D1 receptor agonist with no effect on beta adrenoceptors, although there is ... Since fenoldopam is an intravenous agent with minimal adrenergic effects that improves renal perfusion, in theory it could be ... Martin SW, Broadley KJ (May 1995). "Renal vasodilatation by dopexamine and fenoldopam due to alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade". Br ... Grenader A, Healy DP (July 1991). "Fenoldopam is a partial agonist at dopamine-1 (DA1) receptors in LLC-PK1 cells". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenoldopam

... has high affinity for the α2-adrenergic receptor, moderate affinity for the α1 receptor, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5- ... February 2000). "Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, ... and dopamine D3 receptors. It behaves as an antagonist at α1-adrenergic, α2-adrenergic, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and ... Yohimbine is an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and has been used in a variety of research projects. It is a veterinary drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohimbine

5-HT1A agonists, Adrenergic receptor modulators, Alpha-2 blockers, Aminotetralins, D1-receptor agonists, D2-receptor agonists, ... D5 receptor (Ki = 5.4 nM) α1A-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 176 nM) α1B-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 273 nM) α2A-adrenergic receptor ( ... α2B-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 27 nM) α2C-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 135 nM) 5-HT1A receptor (Ki = 30 nM) 5-HT7 receptor (Ki = 86 ... D3 receptor agonists, D4 receptor agonists, D5 receptor agonists, Phenols, Thiophenes). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotigotine

Dual effects of yohimbine, rauwolscine and corynanthine as alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and 5-HT-receptor agonists". Naunyn- ... Corynanthine acts as an α1-adrenergic and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist with approximately 10-fold selectivity for the ... and rauwolscine which have around 30-fold higher affinity for the α2-adrenergic receptor over the α1-adrenergic receptor. As a ... Alpha-1 blockers, Alpha-2 blockers, Antihypertensive agents, Tryptamine alkaloids, Indoloquinolizines, Quinolizidine alkaloids) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynanthine

... binds to α2-adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor binding sites, and blocks NMDA receptors and other cation ... Nicotinic, imidazoline I1 and I2, α2-adrenergic (no intrinsic activity-neither agonist nor antagonist), glutamate NMDAr, and ... Pineda, J.; Ruiz-Ortega, J. A.; Martín-Ruiz, R.; Ugedo, L. (1996-11-22). "Agmatine does not have activity at alpha 2- ... while agmatine binds to α2-adrenergic receptors, it exerts neither an agonistic nor antagonistic effect on these receptors, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agmatine

Clinically, non-selective alpha antagonists block alpha receptors (but do not differentiate between alpha-1 and alpha-2). They ... Phenoxybenzamine also has irreversible antagonist/weak partial agonist properties at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Due to its ... Phenoxybenzamine forms a permanent covalent bond with adrenergic receptors. Based on known information about the structures of ... As a non-selective alpha receptor antagonist, it will also affect both the postsynaptic alpha 1 and presynaptic alpha 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenoxybenzamine

In general, treatment often begins with an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist medication such as tamsulosin, which reduces ... GnRH receptor agonists, such as leuprorelin and goserelin, were subsequently developed and used to treat prostate cancer. ... This is often done through the use of GnRH analogues or agents that block the receptors that androgens act at, such as ... or male chronic pelvic pain syndrome is treated by a large variety of modalities including the medications alpha blockers, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate

It is a potent α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist with ~10x the strength of the related compound mianserin and has also been ... shown to act as a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist and H1 receptor inverse agonist, while having no significant effects on the ... January 1983). "CGS 7525A, a new, centrally active alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist". Life Sciences. 32 (4): 355-63. doi:10.1016 ... H1 receptor antagonists, Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants, Serotonin receptor antagonists, Tetracyclic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptazapine

As of 2018, prazosin is the only alpha-1 blocker known to act as an inverse agonist at all alpha-1 adrenergic receptor subtypes ... Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors are present in vascular smooth muscle, the central nervous system, and other tissues. When alpha ... Alpha-1 blockers have no effect on renin release or cardio output. Alpha-1 blocker, blocks alpha receptors and it relaxes the ... Alpha-1 blockers (also called alpha-adrenergic blocking agents or alpha-1 antagonists) constitute a variety of drugs that block ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1_blocker

... an α2A adrenergic receptor agonist. Medetomidine, an α2 adrenergic agonist. Nonspecific agonists act as agonists at both alpha- ... Alpha-adrenergic agonists are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors. The ... Alpha-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers. Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of ... but there was an increased incidence of hypotension and bradycardia Alpha blocker Adrenergic agonist Beta-adrenergic agonist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-adrenergic_agonist

... adrenergic receptor on the response to regular use of albuterol in asthma" (PDF). American Journal of Respiratory and Critical ... caused by alpha-adrenoceptor downregulation and desensitization. The mechanism may specifically include receptor ... Inhalation of an agonist for the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, such as salbutamol (albuterol in the US), is the most common ... The control of the operation, in general, involves interaction of a stimulus molecule with a receptor/enzyme subsystem by, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyphylaxis

They act by antagonizing the α2-adrenergic receptor and certain serotonin receptors such as 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C, but also 5-HT3, ... March 2012). "S32212, a novel serotonin type 2C receptor inverse agonist/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and potential ... Alpha-2 blockers, Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants, Serotonin receptor antagonists). ... March 2012). "S32212, a novel serotonin type 2C receptor inverse agonist/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and potential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noradrenergic_and_specific_serotonergic_antidepressant

Bylund DB, Snyder SH (1976). "Beta adrenergic receptor binding in membrane preparations from mammalian brain". Mol. Pharmacol. ... It is presumed to act as an inhibitor or antagonist/inverse agonist of all sites. Considering the range of its therapeutic ... Iprindole also lacks significant alpha-blocking properties, and hence does not pose a risk of orthostatic hypotension. In ... Wander TJ, Nelson A, Okazaki H, Richelson E (1986). "Antagonism by antidepressants of serotonin S1 and S2 receptors of normal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iprindole

Dopamine binds to alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic receptors. Mediated through myocardial beta-1 adrenergic receptors, dopamine ... Dopamine agonists, Vasoconstrictors, Inotropic agents, World Health Organization essential medicines, Wikipedia medicine ... dopamine mainly triggers dopamine receptors and β1-adrenergic receptors while at high doses it works via α-adrenergic receptors ... Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor stimulation on vascular smooth muscle, leads to vasoconstriction and results in an increase in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_(medication)

Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonists, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Beta-adrenergic agonists, Cardiac stimulants, ... adrenaline and some phenylephrine derivatives on alpha-, beta- and beta- adrenergic receptors". South African Medical Journal ... suggesting stimulation of both α and β adrenergic receptors. However, in vitro studies indicate that etilefrine has a much ... These findings indicate that etilefrine has both β1 and α1 adrenergic effects in man. Nusser E, Donath H, Russ W (August 1965 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etilefrine

Such medications include antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, alpha agonists and anticholinergics. It should also ... an angiotensin II receptor antagonist Propranolol, a sympatholytic beta blocker Vasopressin receptor antagonists, such as ... and the effects of an adjunctive angiotensin-II receptor blocking drug (irbesartan)". The Australian and New Zealand Journal of ... 20 (2): 375-385. doi:10.1093/schbul/20.2.375. PMID 8085139.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_polydipsia

... adrenergic agonists MeSH D27.505.519.625.050.100.100 - adrenergic alpha-agonists MeSH D27.505.519.625.050.100.200 - adrenergic ... estrogen receptor modulators MeSH D27.505.696.399.450.360.315 - estrogen antagonists MeSH D27.505.696.399.450.360.315.300 - ... adrenergic agonists MeSH D27.505.696.577.050.100.100 - adrenergic alpha-agonists MeSH D27.505.696.577.050.100.200 - adrenergic ... beta-agonists MeSH D27.505.519.625.050.200 - adrenergic antagonists MeSH D27.505.519.625.050.200.100 - adrenergic alpha- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)

5-Alpha-reductase inhibitor Angiotensin II receptor antagonist ACE inhibitor Alpha-adrenergic agonist Beta blocker Cholinergic ... For receptors, these activities include agonist, antagonist, inverse agonist, or modulator. Enzyme target mechanisms include ... not all PPAR agonists are fibrates, not all triglyceride lowering agents are PPAR agonists, and not all drugs used to treat ... PPAR agonist) and mode of action (reducing blood triglycerides), and that are used to prevent and treat the same disease ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_class

Clonidine is a central alpha-adrenergic agonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent. It stimulates alpha2- ... Alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists. Class Summary. Novel pilot studies in combat veterans suggest alpha-1 antagonists have efficacy ... Prazosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic blocker that is indicated for hypertension. Studies indicate that a nighttime dose of ... Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. It has been found to relieve exaggerated startle ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/288154-99041/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-alpha-1-receptor-antagonists-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-posttraumatic-stress-disorder

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/288154-medication

https://www.staging.medscape.com/answers/288154-99041/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-alpha-1-receptor-antagonists-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-posttraumatic-stress-disorder

https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/288154-medication

Different affinity states of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors defined by agonists and antagonists in bovine aorta plasma membranes. ... Different affinity states of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors defined by agonists and antagonists in bovine aorta plasma membranes. ... Different affinity states of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors defined by agonists and antagonists in bovine aorta plasma membranes. ... Different affinity states of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors defined by agonists and antagonists in bovine aorta plasma membranes. ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/243/2/430

Alpha blockers: These drugs relax the muscle tone in the artery walls. Side effects may include dizziness and a fast heart rate ... Central agonists: These drugs decrease the ability of a blood vessel to contract. Side effects vary with the medication, but ... Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs): These block the effects of angiotensin, enabling blood vessels to stay open. They may ... Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors: These drugs block chemicals in the brain that send a message to the blood vessels to ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/hypertension-treatment?utm_source=ReadNext

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-adrenergic_agonist

Brimonidine belongs to a class of drugs known as alpha agonists. HOW TO USE: Read the Patient Information Leaflet and ... Dilutes alpha-2 receptor agonist; rapidly eliminates redness along the bulbar conjunctival microvasculature ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist; decreases aqueous humor secretion, increases uveoscleral outflow ... 2. This drug is available at a middle level co-pay. Most commonly, these are "preferred" (on formulary) brand drugs.. ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/alphagan-p-qoliana-brimonidine-343594

239000000384 adrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 description 2 * 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 ... 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 2 * 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 ... 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2 * 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 ... 229960004217 benzyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2 * 238000010192 crystallographic characterization Methods 0.000 ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US9320712/en

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists * Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels * Ion Channels * Pyrimidines * Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17448997/

Both alpha1 and alpha2 activity is observed following slow intravenous infusion of high doses (≥1,000 mcg/kg) or with rapid ... PRECEDEX is a alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for: *Sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated ... Alpha2 selectivity is observed in animals following slow intravenous infusion of low and medium doses (10-300 mcg/kg). ... Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride is a central alpha2-adrenergic agonist. Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride is the S-enantiomer of ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=548a88c0-afda-427e-75ac-5af0cfa2224c&type=display

Central agonists make it harder for blood vessels to contract (narrow).. *Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors block chemicals in ... Alpha-blockers help to relax the walls of blood vessels.. *Alpha-2 receptor agonists lower the activity of the sympathetic ... Angiotensin II receptor blockers block the receptors for angiotensin to prevent it from narrowing arteries. ... Combined alpha- and beta-blockers are used for the treatment of heart failure; they are sometimes prescribed for treating a ...

https://www.verywellhealth.com/the-best-time-of-day-to-take-blood-pressure-medications-1764094

Combined alpha and beta-blockers. *Central agonists. *Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors. *Vasodilators. These drugs do ... Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker. However, there are several other drugs to treat high blood pressure. Depending ... The drug belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). ...

https://www.carlsonattorneys.com/valsartan-recall-lawsuit

Receptor Activity. *Alpha-1 agonist. *Lower beta adrenergic activity. *Dosing (adults). *Weight Based (preferred). *Start at ... Preparations: Pressor Infusions - Alpha adrenergic agents (primarily). *Norepinephrine. *Indications. *Preferred first-line ... Agents, Vasoconstrictor, Agents, Vasopressor, Agonists, Vasoactive, Vasoactive Agonists, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Vasopressor ... Preparations: Pressor Infusions - Beta adrenergic agents (primarily). *Precautions. *Inotropic and chronotropic agents with ...

https://fpnotebook.com/legacy/CV/Pharm/Vsprsr.htm

Dexmedetomidine is a short-acting, highly potent, selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with unique analgesic, sedative ... Dexmedetomidine is a short-acting, potent, selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist with unique analgesic, sedative, and ... 2. Dhonneur G, Combes X, Leroux B, Duvaldestin P. Postoperative obstructive apnea. Anesth Analg 1999;89:762-769.. 3. Gupta RM, ... The airway score of the patients was Mallampati 2; with grade 2 laryngoscopic views. However, if OSA patients require awake ...

http://ispub.com/IJA/12/2/10785

Alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonists for the prevention of delirium and cognitive decline after open heart surgery ( ... and interleukin-6 receptor in individuals with acute hip fracture. Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. ISSN 0002-8614. ... The use of alpha-2 agonists with the potential to reduce noradrenaline release needs further examination. ... ISSN 1521-6942. 33(2), p. 205-226. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.03.015. Full text in Research Archive ...

https://www.med.uio.no/klinmed/english/people/aca/johanr/index.html

... a partial nicotinic receptor agonist) and clonidine (an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist), were described in brief. ... a nicotinic receptor partial agonist). The antidepressant drug bupropion was not registered at the Jordan Food and Drug ... Stage 2 (June-July 2013): Conduct of a national situation analysis. A national situation analysis was conducted by KHCC and the ... King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC) and the Jordanian MoH were the 2 main parties spearheading the process. KHCC was founded in ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-21-2015/volume-21-issue-11/jordan-tobacco-dependence-treatment-guidelines-rationale-and-development.html

Species sensitivity to alpha2-agonists can vary greatly, as does the dosage required depending on the combination protocol ... Opioids are a mainstay in zoo medicine, both the mixed agonist-antagonist butorphanol and the cadre of ultrapotent opioids, ... Alpha2-agonists should not be administered as the sole anesthetic agent in dangerous carnivores, because these animals may ... Alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists such as xylazine, detomidine, medetomidine, or dexmedetomidine can be used as sole agents ...

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/veterinary/exotic-and-laboratory-animals/zoo-animals/clinical-care-programs-for-zoo-animals

Alpha-adrenergic agonists improve the urethral closure pressure by stimulation of the alpha-receptors of the smooth urethral ... The side effects of alpha-adrenergic agonists is explained by the fact that alpha-1 receptors are not just found at the bladder ... they sensitize the alpha-receptors for endogenous and exogenous catecholamines (12). If therapy with alpha-adrenergic agonists ... In the first line alpha-adrenergic agonists are used. The effect of these sympathomimetic drugs is explained by the fact, that ...

https://www.vin.com/apputil/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=11223&catid=&id=3859291&meta=&authorid=

Anisodamine is an anticholinergic, an alpha-1-adrenergic receptor agonist, and a tropane alkaloid from the Solanaceae used to ... It binds to dopamine D2 receptors as a receptor antagonist and is a mixed 5-HT3 antagonist and 5-HT4 agonist. The D2 activity ... Therapeutic potential of drugs with mixed 5-HT4 agonist/5-HT3 antagonist action in the control of emesis. Pharmacol Res. 1955; ... 2. Liu FL, Qin XY. Clinical analysis of 20 cases with postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome after radical subtotal gastrectomy. ...

https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/acupuncture-vs-metoclopramide-postoperative-gastroparesis-syndrome-0

Apraclonidine is an alpha adrenergic agonist used to treat raised intraocular pressure. ... AAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor. agonist. Humans. AAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor. agonist ... Apraclonidine is a relatively selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist that stimulates alpha1 receptors to a lesser extent ... This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium ...

https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00964

The activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors reduced epileptiform discharges, whereas activation of beta-adrenergic receptors ... like the agonist) may act on α-adrenergic receptors to promote the release of norepinephrine and exert antiepileptiform effects ... α-adrenergic receptors, and it is yet to be proven which specific α-adrenergic receptors have worked. It has been reported that ... β-adrenergic receptor [53]. Activation of β-adrenergic receptors increases the concentration of the cAMP, followed by ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2020/8814531/

Phenylephrine is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as a decongestant, as an agent to dilate the pupil, ... M-hydroxy-alpha-(methylaminomethyl)benzylalcohol; (-)-M-oxedrine; (R)-3-hydroxy-alpha-[(methylamino)methyl]benzenemethanol ... 59-42-7 has the Synonyms of (-)-Phenylephrine;phenylephrine base; (-)-M-hydroxy-alpha-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol; (-)- ... 2. Quality Guarantee: All products are strictly tested by our QC, confirmed by QA, and approved by a third-party lab in China, ...

https://www.lookchem.com/cas-59/59-42-7.html

Alpha-Beta-Blockers. These medications are generally received through an IV injection but may be prescribed for people with ... Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs). By protecting blood vessels from angiotensin, a hormone that narrows them, these help ... Central Agonists. By controlling nerve impulses, these medications can help relax blood vessels and improve circulation. Some ... Peripheral Adrenergic Inhibitors. These medications may cause heartburn, dizziness, a stuffy nose, erection problems, and ...

https://l-arginine.com/blood-pressure-medication-side-effects-3/

Alpha adrenergic receptor agonist (disposition) {734719002 , SNOMED-CT } Download Relationships Other Relationships No other ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (disposition) {734721007 , SNOMED-CT } Parent/Child (Relationship Type) Central alpha-2 ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (disposition). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist ( ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=734721007

Alpha2-adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal.. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;5:CD002024. [Google ... Lofexidine has high affinity for 2A receptor subtypes, resulting in less antihypertensive activity. By central alpha-2 receptor ... Lofexidine is an orally available imidazoline adrenergic alpha-2-receptor agonist approved by the US-FDA for managing OWS [ ... Alpha-2 agonists such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine have been used to manage OWS and alcohol withdrawal syndrome, but the ...

https://jpalliativecare.com/lofexidine-for-treating-opioid-withdrawal-syndrome-in-palliative-care-patients/

S32212 accelerated the firing rate of adrenergic perikarya in the locus coeruleus and elevated dialysis levels of noradrenaline ... receptor inverse agonist and α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist that also possesses 5-HT(2A) antagonist properties (J Pharmacol Exp ... 2-dihydro-3-H-benzo[e]indole-3-carboxamide) (S32212), a combined serotonin (5-HT)(2C) ... Acetylcholine, Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists, Aggression, Amygdala, Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Behavior, Animal ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/267228

Pharmacodynamic studies in pigeons have demonstrated that these birds have more kappa opioid receptors than mu opioid receptors ... Alpha-2 adrenergic drugs also have been injected epidurally in a variety of animals including dogs29 and horses.13,25,27 ... 15 This may explain why birds do not respond to mu agonists like morphine in the same manner as mammals and lends support to ... But it was the discovery of opioid and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the spinal cord that has led to novel methods for ...

https://www.vin.com/AppUtil/Project/DefaultAdv1.aspx?pId=26438&meta=generic&catId=159285&id=10027445

ß2-Adrenergic receptor agonists (ß2-agonists) activate PKA, and we hypothesized that ß2-agonists would beneficially impact HDE- ... TNF-alpha, CXCL1, and CXCL2 release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following a one-time exposure to HDE. Likewise, when mice ... Bronchial epithelial cells were cultured with the short-acting ß2-agonist salbutamol or the long-acting ß2-agonist salmeterol ... ß2-Agonist treatment significantly increased PKA activation and significantly decreased HDE-stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=respiratory&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=137&RecNo=1361&View=f&

When alpha-adrenergic agonists act in this area of the brain, they block the ability of the nerves projecting from the locus ... Mu receptor agonist. PO, SQ, IM, IV. 10. Fentanyl (Actiq, Sublimaze). Mu receptor agonist. PO, IV, buccal film, transdermal ... Mu receptor agonist. PO. 0.17. Buprenorphine (Belbuca, Butrans, Sublocade). Partial mu receptor agonist. PO, buccal film, ... Opioid agonist molecules on mu opioid receptor are displaced, agonist effects on mu opioid receptor are abruptly halted, and ...

https://www.netce.com/coursecontent.php?courseid=2467

Novel pilot studies in combat veterans suggest alpha-1 antagonists have efficacy on the sleep-associated symptoms of PTSD. (medscape.com)
Different affinity states of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors defined by agonists and antagonists in bovine aorta plasma membranes. (aspetjournals.org)
We have conducted studies to examine: 1) binding characteristics of [3H]prazosin, 2) competition of antagonists at these sites and 3) different affinity states of the receptor for agonists and modulation of these states by 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p]. (aspetjournals.org)
Like the H 1 -antihistamines , the H 2 antagonists are inverse agonists rather than true receptor antagonists . (bionity.com)
The H 2 -receptor antagonists have since largely been superseded by the even more effective proton pump inhibitors , with omeprazole becoming the biggest-selling drug for many years. (bionity.com)
The H 2 antagonists are competitive inhibitors of histamine at the parietal cell H 2 receptor. (bionity.com)
H 2 -Antagonists are clinically used in the treatment of acid-related Gastrointestinal conditions. (bionity.com)
People that suffer from heartburn (GERD) infrequently may take either antacids or H 2 -receptor antagonists for treatment. (bionity.com)
The purpose of this study was to see if clonidine's nerve-blocking action was through alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors by examining clonidine's action in the presence of alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonists. (yonsei.ac.kr)
Beta blockers are competitive antagonists that block the receptor sites for the endogenous catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) on adrenergic beta receptors , of the sympathetic nervous system, which mediates the fight-or-flight response. (hyperleap.com)
The treatment of cirrhosis-associated hyponatremia is free water restriction and vasopressin-2-receptor antagonists (V2RAs). (journalmc.org)
More specifically, certain kratom alkaloids are partial agonists at the mu-opioid receptor and competitive antagonists at the kappa- and delta-opioid receptors. (paindr.com)
6- Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists. (oh-mygut.com)
The activators are called agonists, while the blockers are antagonists. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
Affinity of serotonin receptor antagonists and agonists to recombinant and native alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
These variations can potentially impact response to treatment with adrenergic agonists and antagonists that likely warrant medical intervention. (sccj-sa.org)
Do alpha 1 antagonists cause vasodilation? (andymatthewsphotography.com)
α1-adrenoceptor antagonists cause vasodilation by blocking the binding of norepinephrine to the smooth muscle receptors. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
What do alpha-1 antagonists do? (andymatthewsphotography.com)
The alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists (also called alpha-blockers) are a family of agents that bind to and inhibit type 1 alpha-adrenergic receptors and thus inhibit smooth muscle contraction. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
Both can be reduced by 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. (asahq.org)

Selected examples are: Clonidine (mixed alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline-I1 receptor agonist) Dexmedetomidine Fadolmidine Guanfacine, (preference for alpha2A-subtype of adrenoceptor) Guanabenz (most selective agonist for alpha2-adrenergic as opposed to imidazoline-I1) Guanoxabenz (metabolite of guanabenz) Guanethidine (peripheral alpha2-receptor agonist) Xylazine, Tizanidine Methyldopa Methylnorepinephrine Norepinephrine (R)-3-nitrobiphenyline is an α2C selective agonist as well as being a weak antagonist at the α2A and α2B subtypes. (wikipedia.org)
S32212, a novel serotonin type 2C receptor inverse agonist/α2-adrenoceptor antagonist and potential antidepressant: II. (ox.ac.uk)
The present studies characterized the functional profile of N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-1,2-dihydro-3-H-benzo[e]indole-3-carboxamide) (S32212), a combined serotonin (5-HT)(2C) receptor inverse agonist and α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist that also possesses 5-HT(2A) antagonist properties (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 340:750-764, 2012). (ox.ac.uk)
The alkaloid is structurally similar to the alpha-2 receptor antagonist yohimbine and exhibits yohimbine-like binding to alpha-adrenergic receptors. (guidancepa.com)
An H 2 -receptor antagonist , (H 2 RA) often shortened to H 2 antagonist , is a drug used to block the action of histamine on parietal cells in the stomach , decreasing acid production by these cells. (bionity.com)
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 -receptor antagonist from which the later members of the class were developed. (bionity.com)
now GlaxoSmithKline ) to develop a histamine receptor antagonist to suppress stomach acid secretion. (bionity.com)
The first breakthrough was N α -guanylhistamine, a partial H 2 -receptor antagonist. (bionity.com)
From this lead the receptor model was further refined and eventually led to the development of burimamide - the first H 2 -receptor antagonist. (bionity.com)
Burimamide, a specific competitive antagonist at the H 2 receptor 100-times more potent than N α -guanylhistamine, proved the existence of the H 2 receptor. (bionity.com)
Conduction block was examined by analyzing CAPs with regard to peak amplitude and time-to-peak in the presence of clonidine alone or clonidine plus alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine or idazoxan. (yonsei.ac.kr)
Addition of idazoxan, a more specific alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist than yohimbine, to clonidine was without effect on clonidine-induced conduction block. (yonsei.ac.kr)
The results indicated that the mixture of clonidine and yohimbine, in which either drug inhibited impulse conduction, produced conduction block in an additive manner, and that clonidine-induced conduction block was not reversed by coapplication with a specific alpha(2)-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan. (yonsei.ac.kr)
1. Losartan Losartan potassium, a generic for brand medication Cozaar, is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat high blood pressure. (bnw-akademie.de)
Name some effects of an alpha 2 antagonist? (freezingblue.com)
Depolarising blockers act as agonist and produce persistent depolarisation leading to relaxation whereas non-depolarising blockers act as antagonist and directly produce relaxation. (egpat.com)
Depolarising neuromuscular blockers produce bradycardia whereas non-depolarising neuromuscular blockers produce tachycardia again due to agonist and antagonist activity on muscarinic receptors. (egpat.com)
Recently, vasopressin-2-receptor antagonist (V2RA) has been used as an alternative treatment in cirrhotic patients whose hyponatremia fails to correct with free water restriction alone [ 3 ]. (journalmc.org)
Unlike synthetic opioids and opiates which are full agonists at all three opioid receptors, Mitragynine is only a partial agonist at the mu-opioid receptor and an antagonist at the delta and kappa opioid receptors. (seasr.org)
It has long been theorized that a mixed mu-opioid agonist/delta-opioid antagonist could provide the beneficial properties of opioids, such as pain relief and a mood lift, while not causing significant physiological addiction. (seasr.org)
Apomorphine is an a potent Dopamine 1 and (to a greater degree) Dopamine 2-'like' receptor agonist and also has an antagonistic effect on serotonergic receptors 5-HT2 and antagonist effects on alpha adrenergic receptors. (vtx-cpd.com)
Agonist vs antagonist. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
Agonist and antagonist actions of antipsychotic agents at 5-HT1A receptors: a [35S]GTPgammaS binding study. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
3H]Rauwolscine: an antagonist radioligand for the cloned human 5-hydroxytryptamine2b (5-HT2B) receptor. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
Rauwolscine is classified as an alpha-2 antagonist, which means it inhibits stimulation of the alpha-2 receptors. (priceplow.com)
BMY-7,378 is a 5-HT 1A receptor weak partial agonist / antagonist and α 1D -adrenergic receptor antagonist. (wikipedia.org)
An Adrenergic antagonist is a pharmaceutical substance that acts to inhibit the action of the adrenergic receptors. (absoluteastronomy.com)
Administration of SA reduced the levels of cleaved casepase-3 proteins (* 0.05 vs MCAO), such effect was blocked by kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI. (fk866.net)
Dextromethorphan is a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the brain and spinal cord. (seekhealthz.com)
RESULTS Placebo and phenylephrine did not influence retinal haemodynamics, although the α receptor antagonist significantly increased blood pressure. (bmj.com)
brought together scientists from 25 international groups, who contributed 91 predictive QSAR models to predict androgen receptor binding, agonist , and antagonist activity. (nih.gov)

Apraclonidine is a relatively selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist that stimulates alpha1 receptors to a lesser extent. (drugbank.com)
Systemically administered dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective α2 adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonists, produces analgesia and sedation. (biomedcentral.com)
Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a potent and highly selective agonist of the alpha 2 adrenergic receptors (α2-ARs) with more favorable pharmacokinetic properties than clonidine (another commonly used α2-AR agonist) is approved for the adult intensive care unit use as sedative infusion by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1999. (biomedcentral.com)
Clonidine, partially selective α2-agonist, is being evaluated as a neuraxial adjuvant with intrathecal bupivacaine. (ijbcp.com)
Labetalol hydrochloride injection, USP is an adrenergic receptor blocking agent that has both selective alpha 1 -adrenergic and nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking actions in a single substance. (druglib.com)
Labetalol HCl combines both selective, competitive, alpha 1 -adrenergic blocking and nonselective, competitive, beta-adrenergic blocking activity in a single substance. (druglib.com)
Brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution 0.2% is a relatively selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. (newmedicalterms.com)
ALPHAGAN® P is a relatively selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist with a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. (newmedicalterms.com)
Name some nonselective B-agonist or selective B1 drugs and their affinity for B receptors? (freezingblue.com)
Name some B2 selective agonists? (freezingblue.com)
Non-selective alpha blockers like phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine act on both α1 and α2 receptors and mainly produce vasodilatation. (egpat.com)
Memantine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker currently approved for dementia, is the neuroprotectant farthest along in the process seeking regulatory approval for glaucoma treatment and has a favorable safety profile because of its selective mechanism of action. (ajmc.com)
Sir, Brimonidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. (ijdd.in)
Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, Rimoflo ™ Soft Rimoflo™ Soft (Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution 0.15% w/v) (Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution 0.15% w/v) should be used sterile, is a relatively selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist during pregnancy only if the potential benefit to the mother justifies the (topical intraocular pressure lowering agent). (gotomydoctor.com)
Specifically it is both an alpha and beta adrenergic agonist (you may remember clenbuterol is a selective beta-2 agonist). (roids360.net)
Amongst these 35 compounds was the selective Beta 2 -Adrenoreceptor agonist metaproterenol . (scienceofparkinsons.com)
Because metaproterenol is not brain penetrant - meaning that it can not pass through the protective blood-brain-barrier membrane surrounding the brain - the investigators added six related drugs, including the two selective Beta 2 -Adrenoreceptor agonists, clenbuterol and salbutamol (which are both brain penetrant). (scienceofparkinsons.com)
The novel alpha-2 adrenergic radioligand [3H]-MK912 is alpha-2C selective among human alpha-2A, alpha-2B and alpha-2C adrenoceptors. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
Objectives Our previous research indicated that highly selective kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists could safeguard the brain, indicating an important role of KOR agonist in brain ischemia. (fk866.net)
2) SA being a non-opioid and highly-selective KOR agonist decreased infarct quantity dose-dependently, secured the vascular integrity and improved the neurological result. (fk866.net)
11] I.J. Elenkov, G. Hasko, K.J. Kovacs and E.S. Vizi: "Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by selective alpha-and betaadrenergic drugs in mice", J. Neuroimmunol. (edu.pl)
Clonidine, a selective partial alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, when administered intrathecally in adults for unilateral spinal anesthesia in very small doses of less than 1 μg/kg, has shown contradicting results in extending the sensory and motor blockade effects of local anesthetics with low incidence of side-effects e.g., hypotension, sedation and bradycardia. (saudija.org)

Alpha-adrenergic agonists have the opposite function of alpha blockers. (wikipedia.org)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers block the receptors for angiotensin to prevent it from narrowing arteries. (verywellhealth.com)
Alpha-blockers help to relax the walls of blood vessels. (verywellhealth.com)
The drug belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). (carlsonattorneys.com)
This is where the area of impact of angiotensin receptor blockers. (arrhythmia.center)
Angiotensin II receptor blockers block this same hormone from binding with receptors in the blood vessels. (healthybpclub.com)
Candesartan belongs to a family of medications known as angiotensin II receptor blockers . (medbroadcast.com)
The classes of blood pressure medications include: Diuretics Beta-blockers ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers Calcium channel blockers Alpha blockers Alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Combined alpha and beta-blockers Central agonists Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors Vasodilators Diuretics. (bnw-akademie.de)
Two types of categories such as depolarising and non-depolarising neuromuscular blockers act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction and produce muscle relaxation. (egpat.com)
Topical prostaglandin analogues or beta-adrenergic receptor blockers are first used, followed by alpha-agonists or topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and infrequently, cholinergic agonists and oral therapy. (ajmc.com)
Opioid-free anaesthesia (OFA) is a method that dodges narcotic use during anaesthesia with a blend of several drugs including alpha-2-agonist (dexmedetomidine), low-dose of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockers (ketamine) and lidocaine to common anaesthetic agents. (springeropen.com)
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers , beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example. (hyperleap.com)
Beta blockers , which counter some of the effects of noradrenaline by blocking their receptors, are frequently used to treat glaucoma, migraine, and a range of cardiovascular problems. (hyperleap.com)
Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers. (pharmapdf.com)
The objective of this article is to focus on the antihypertensive agents blocking adrenergic receptors, both alpha and beta blockers, and attempt to construct potential explanations for their effects on lipids in a mechanistic manner. (bair-sprache-chiemgau.de)
Do alpha blockers cause headaches? (andymatthewsphotography.com)
Side effects that have been reported with some alpha blockers include dizziness, headache, postural hypotension, and retrograde ejaculation. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
How do alpha blockers cause vasodilation? (andymatthewsphotography.com)
What are side effects of alpha blockers? (andymatthewsphotography.com)
Alpha-blockers are also associated with an increased risk of falling and of breaking a bone (fracture) when they are first started. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
beta 1-blockers with beta 2 agonist activity are vasodilatory because they activate postsynaptic beta 2 receptors on vascular smooth muscle cell membranes, via the formation of cyclic AMP. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
Combination of ACE inhibitors & Angiotensin receptor blockers offer a better control of renin angiotensin aldosterone system, thus cardio protective and renoprotective effects of both these classes of drugs are combined. (foobrdigital.com)
Uses are same as ACE inhibitors except that efficiency and safety of angiotensin receptor blockers has not been established in so many chemical studies. (foobrdigital.com)
The use of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents (aka beta-blockers) is contraindicated in patients with sinus bradyarrhythmia or heart block greater than the first degree (unless a functioning pacemaker is present). (drugs.com)
The use of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents (aka beta-blockers) is contraindicated in patients with hypotension or cardiogenic shock. (drugs.com)

It has no action on dopamine receptors. (brainkart.com)
Name the dopamine agonists and their action at the D1, D2 receptors? (freezingblue.com)
The drug acts as a central alpha-2- adrenergic receptor agonist in the brainstem, causing a rapid decrease in the release of norepinephrine and dopamine in the central nervous system (CNS). (365-days-of-color.com)
Gronier B. In vivo electrophysiological effects of methylphenidate in the prefrontal cortex: involvement of dopamine D1 and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors . (scholaris.sk)
Beyond the opioid receptors, Mitragynine also interacts with the dopamine D2 receptor, adenosine, seretonin, and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, and far more research needs to be done on this subject in order to understand how Kratom's interactions with these receptors influences Kratom's effects. (seasr.org)
Dopamine agonists are medications that mimic the actions of dopamine. (oh-mygut.com)
Dopamine agonists such as Bromocriptine and Cabergoline can delay gastric motility. (oh-mygut.com)
Beta 2 -Adrenergic receptor interacts with a chemical called epinephrine, which is a neurotransmitter like dopamine. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
Previous evidence indicates the utility of low-dose partial dopamine agonist (PDAs) add-ons to mitigate antipsychotic-induced metabolic adverse effects or hyperprolactinemia. (lww.com)
Current studies on catecholamines (adrenergic neurotransmitters), a family of neurotransmitters in the brain including norepinephrine and dopamine, demonstrate that there could be significant improvements in the human working memory by increasing their functionality [2]. (berkeley.edu)
More specifically, while norepinephrine strengthens PFC network connectivity and maintains persistent firing during a working memory task, dopamine targets D1 receptors to narrow spatial tuning, sculpting network inputs to decrease noise [4]. (berkeley.edu)
One of the main goals is to replicate network connectivity strengthening effects of norepinephrine at postsynaptic alpha-receptors in the PFC and enhance spatial tuning (selectivity) like dopamine. (berkeley.edu)
After determining that there is an empirical link between a dopamine-mediated working memory system and higher cognitive functions in humans [1], researchers administered dopamine receptor agonists such as bromocriptine and pergolide on young volunteers. (berkeley.edu)
Because bromocriptine binds to the same receptors as dopamine and plays the same role as catecholamines, the results were astonishing. (berkeley.edu)

Agonist (epinephrine, norepinephrine and phenylephrine) competition with [3H]prazosin binding was biphasic with pseudo-Hill slopes less than 1.0. (aspetjournals.org)
Alpha adrenoreceptor ligands mimic the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine signaling in the heart, smooth muscle and central nervous system, with norepinephrine being the highest affinity. (wikipedia.org)
Medications such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine target pre-synaptic auto receptors, therefore leading to an overall decrease in norepinephrine which clinically can cause effects such as sedation, analgesia, lowering of blood pressure and bradycardia. (wikipedia.org)
What do Norepinephrine, Adrenergic receptor and Beta. (hyperleap.com)
Regardless of how and where it is released, norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating adrenergic receptors located on the cell surface. (hyperleap.com)
In addition, Ephedrine HCL Injection enhances the release of norepinephrine, a strong endogenous alpha agonist. (roids360.net)
Ephedrine Sulfate Injection is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent that is indicated for the treatment of clinically important hypotension occurring in the setting of anesthesia. (nih.gov)
1 This allows more norepinephrine to bind to alpha-one adrenergic receptors on the iris dilator, stimulating the activation of the iris dilator and leading to mydriasis. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The blocking of alpha 2 receptors increases the release of norepinephrine. (andymatthewsphotography.com)
One prominent neurotransmitter is norepinephrine, and a variety of receptors bind to it. (wordpress.com)
There are 3 alpha1 norepinephrine receptors (a, b and d), all of which are GPCRs. (wordpress.com)
Decreased intracellular calcium mediates the histamine H3-receptor-induced attenuation of norepinephrine exocytosis from cardiac sympathetic nerve endings. (medigraphic.com)

Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors block chemicals in the brain that play a role in causing blood vessels to become narrow. (verywellhealth.com)
This group of medications includes the biguanides, thiazolidinediones, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors, and amylin analogs. (lecturio.com)
The group of medications includes sulfonylureas, meglitinides, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors. (lecturio.com)
in those patients who are stable on alpha-blocker therapy, pde5 inhibitors should beinitiated at the lowest recommended starting dose (seedosage andadministration). (tinytalent.ca)

Xylometazoline Oxymetazoline Apraclonidine[citation needed] Cirazoline Epinephrine The following agents are also listed as agonists by MeSH. (wikipedia.org)
When epinephrine binds to its receptor on a muscle cell a type of G protein-coupled receptor it triggers a signal transduction cascade involving production of the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP cAMP. (dokweys1oft.pw)
The action of this compound is notably similar to that of the body's primary adrenergic hormone epinephrine (adrenaline), which also exhibits action toward both alpha and beta receptors. (roids360.net)
Epinephrine will come floating along, bind to the Beta 2 -Adrenergic receptor, and activate it. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
Thus, Beta 2 -Adrenoreceptor agonists are effectively epinephrine. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
These polymorphisms have resulted in interindividual variability in drug responses for epinephrine, dexmedetomidine, and salbutamol, which concludes that pharmacogenomics of adrenergic receptors have proven immense variability in candidate genes amongst populations that lead to different drug responses. (sccj-sa.org)
epinephrine racemic decreases levels of iobenguane I 123 by receptor binding competition. (medscape.com)

[2] [3] It is chiefly responsible for regulating digestive processes and contains over a hundred million neurons of over fifteen morphologies, greater than the sum of all other peripheral ganglia. (nih.gov)
N = 95) >0.7 to ≤1.1 (N = 78) >1.1 (N = 71) Constipation 6% 5% 14% Agitation 5% 8% 14% Anxiety 5% 5% 9% Edema Peripheral 3% 5% 7% Atrial Fibrillation 2% 4% 9% Respiratory Failure 2% 6% 10% Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 1% 3% 9% Procedural Sedation Adverse reaction information is derived from the two trials for procedural sedation [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] in which 318 adult patients received PRECEDEX. (medthority.com)
Sato J, Perl ER (1991) Adrenergic excitation of cutaneous pain receptors induced by peripheral nerve injury. (scholarena.co)
There 3 basic structural components in the pain pathway: the peripheral pain receptors with cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia that synapse with the second order neuron in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the second order projection neuron that synapse with the third order neuron in the thalamic area of the brain stem, and the third order neuron that carries the pain impulse to the higher brain structures. (vasg.org)
This peripheral sensitization, often referred to as primary hyperalgesia, can be limited by many drug classes including NSAIDs, opioids, corticosteroids, local anesthetics, and alpha-2 agonists. (vasg.org)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found both in Peripheral Nervous System (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and in the neuromuscular junction. (paolomaccallini.com)
Peripheral alpha 2 agonist activity results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels (as opposed to central alpha 2 agonist activity that decreases sympathetic tone, as can be seen by the medication clonidine ). (newdrugapprovals.org)
METHODS Two model drugs were administered, a peripheral vasoconstrictor (the α receptor agonist phenylephrine) and a peripheral vasodilator (the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside) in stepwise increasing doses. (bmj.com)
For this purpose we administered two model drugs, a peripheral vasoconstrictor (the α adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine) and a peripheral vasodilator (the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside) in a randomised, placebo controlled study. (bmj.com)

Research has shown that rauwolscine is an agonist of 5-HT1a/b receptors and can induce serotonin-like effects . (priceplow.com)
GABA, glutamate receptors, voltage-gated ion channels, and glycine and serotonin receptors are all potential pharmacologic targets of general anaesthetics. (rroij.com)
Cannabinoids also modulate nociception and locomotion through an NPR-19-independent pathway requiring an α 2A -adrenergic-like octopamine (OA) receptor, OCTR-1, and a 5-HT 1A -like serotonin (5-HT) receptor, SER-4, that involves a complex interaction among cannabinoid, octopaminergic, and serotonergic signaling. (jneurosci.org)

Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist with sedative and analgesic effects. (springernature.com)
Introduction: Alpha-2 (α2) adrenergic receptor agonists,clonidine and dexmedetomidine, are widely used as adjuvantsduring anesthesia for analgesic, sedative, sympatholytic, andcardiovascular stabilizing effects. (who.int)
The aim of this study was todifferentiate the effectiveness of intravenously administeredclonidine and dexmedetomidine for hemodynamic stabilityand postoperative analgesia during laparoscopic surgery.Materials and methods: This was a randomised, double blindand prospective study in which Group 1 included patients whoreceived 2 µg/kg of clonidine dilute in 10 ml normal saline,given slow intravenous infusion over 10 minutes beforeinduction of general anaesthesia. (who.int)
Group 2 patients received 1µg/kg of dexmedetomidine diluted in 10 ml of normal saline,given slowly intravenous infusion over 10 minutes beforeinduction of general anaesthesia.Results: The data was presented as Mean ± SD. (who.int)
Dexmedetomidine is a new generation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists with high selectivity that had been approved by the US food and drug administration (FDA) by the end of 1999 for administration as a short-term sedation and analgesia agent in intensive care units (ICUs) ( 8 , 9 ). (brieflands.com)

Phenylephrine is a synthetic alpha-1 adrenoreceptor agonist, similar in structure to adrenaline. (derangedphysiology.com)
Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist . (rxlist.com)
Each mL contains: phenylephrine hydrochloride 10 mg, sodium chloride 3.5 mg, sodium citrate dihydrate 4 mg, citric acid monohydrate 1 mg, and sodium metabisulfite 2 mg in water for injection. (rxlist.com)
Additionally, the association between α 1 -AR expression and activation with spontaneous and sympathetically maintained pain (SMP) induced by intradermal injection of the α 1 -agonist phenylephrine was investigated. (autonomicneuroscience.com)
Subjects received intravenous infusions of either placebo or stepwise increasing doses of phenylephrine (0.5, 1, or 2 μg/kg/min) or sodium nitroprusside (0.5, 1, or 2 μg/kg/min). (bmj.com)

Those results indicated that ALPHAGAN® P (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution) 0.15% is comparable in IOP lowering effect to ALPHAGAN® (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution) 0.2%, and effectively lowers IOP in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension by approximately 2-6 mmHg. (newmedicalterms.com)
[1] This makes the adrenergic agonists such as brimonidine and oxymetazoline (which is an alpha-1 receptor agonist) effective for rosacea. (ijdd.in)
Although in phase 2 trials, no cases of rebound were observed, [5] in phase 3 studies, flushing and erythema were reported at a higher incidence in the brimonidine treatment arm compared to the vehicle arm. (ijdd.in)
MW= Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution is contraindicated in children under the age of 2 years. (gotomydoctor.com)
ALPHAGAN ® P (brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution) 0.1% or 0.15% is an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. (allerganeyecare.com)
Dorzolamide/timolol also contains a beta blocker, but instead of being combined with an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist (brimonidine), it is combined with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (dorzolamide), he said. (optometrytimes.com)
SIMBRINZA (brinzolamide and brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic suspension) 1% and 0.2% is a fixed combination of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist indicated for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. (medlibrary.org)
Suspension containing 10 mg/mL brinzolamide and 2 mg/mL brimonidine tartrate. (medlibrary.org)
Brimonidine is an α 2 adrenergic agonist . (newdrugapprovals.org)
Brimonidine belongs to the family of medications known as alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonists. (pharmachoice.com)

Alpha-2 receptor agonists lower the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. (verywellhealth.com)
Alpha-1 receptors are found in many target organs of the sympathetic nervous system. (vin.com)
With a few exceptions, alpha-2 receptors are not present in target organs of the sympathetic nervous system, but in neuronal synapses. (vin.com)
Alpha and beta receptors on tissues (except sweat glands) innervated by the sympathetic postganglionic neurons. (freezingblue.com)
Similarly α2 agonists like clonidine acts on autoinhibitory presynaptic receptors and decreases central sympathetic discharge. (egpat.com)
Key words: heart failure, sympathetic nervous system, adrenergic receptors. (document.onl)
Alpha-2 receptors act as a part of the regulatory mechanism of the sympathetic nervous system, and their activation prevents the further release of catecholamines Buy Catapres 100 mcg Generic. (halcyonsailing.net)
because of hypotension and α 2 inhibition, which increases sympathetic tone. (absoluteastronomy.com)
2] K.S. Madden, V.M. Sanders and D.L. Felten: "Catecholamine influences and sympathetic neural modulation of immune responsiveness", Annu. (edu.pl)

The alpha-receptors are divided in alpha1- and alpha2-subtypes. (vin.com)
Vazculep belongs to a class of drugs called Alpha1 Agonists. (rxlist.com)
What is so shocking is that alpha1 GPCRs bind to chemokine receptors (forming heteromers), and that this binding is required for chemokines to have any effect on cell migration. (wordpress.com)

Its primary effect is vasoconstriction via alpha-1 agonism. (critcon.org)
Dobutamine exerts its cardiovascular action through its beta 1 -adrenergic agonist activity, and also induces alpha 1 -adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction as well as beta 2 -adre-noceptor-mediated vasodilation. (brainkart.com)
Direct action on a number of receptors (V1 (vascular: vasoconstriction), V2 (renal: anti-diuresis), V3 (pituitary), OTR (oxytocin receptor subtypes) and P2 (purinergic). (derangedphysiology.com)
alpha adrenergic receptors causing vasoconstriction. (assignguru.com)
ADRA1A receptors are involved in vasoconstriction of blood vessels throughout the body, including the skin, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system, kidney, and brain. (paolomaccallini.com)
The blocking of alpha 1 receptors causes the widening of the blood vessels by inhibiting the action of catecholamines that cause vasoconstriction. (andymatthewsphotography.com)

Alpha-adrenergic agonists are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
α1 agonist: stimulates phospholipase C activity. (wikipedia.org)
It also stimulates beta-receptors and therefore has the tendency to have more side effects (2,3). (vin.com)
Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors, beta 1 adrenergic receptor, beta 2 adrenergic receptor. (assignguru.com)
Stimulates beta1 adrenergic receptors, alpha adrenergic receptors. (assignguru.com)
13] I.J. Elenkov, E. Webster, D.A. Papanicolaou, T.A. Fleisher, G.P. Chrousos and R.L. Wilder: "Histamine potently suppresses human IL-12 and stimulates IL-10 production via H2 receptors", J. Immunol. (edu.pl)

Ligand requirements for involvement of protein kinase-C epsilon in synergistic analgesic interactions between mu- and delta-opioid receptors. (umn.edu)
Analgesic synergy between opioid and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. (umn.edu)
Protein kinase C-epsilon is required for spinal analgesic synergy between delta opioid and alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist pairs. (umn.edu)
The mechanism underlying spinal analgesic synergy between delta and mu opioid receptors depends on the agonist combination used. (umn.edu)
Separation of Synergistic Analgesic Opioid/Adrenergic Interactions By The Requirement of Protein Kinase C-Epsilon. (umn.edu)
This approach has several advantages over general anesthesia including lack of pain during operation, decreased postoperative pain and analgesic dose, more hemodynamic stability, and increased patients satisfaction ( 2 - 4 ). (brieflands.com)
3 Medetomidine is an α-2-adrenoreceptor agonist with sedative and analgesic properties. (nexgenvetrx.com)
It is the d-isomer of levorphanol but has none of the analgesic, respiratory depressive, or sedative effects associated with opiate agonists. (seekhealthz.com)

These receptor subtypes are distributed differently in each single effector. (vin.com)
The α1 family consists of three receptor subtypes (α1a, 1b, 1d) which primarily signal via Gq/11 alpha subunits to stimulate Phospholipase C and increase intracellular calcium. (enzolifesciences.com)
In contrast, the three α2 family receptor subtypes (α2a, 2b, 2c) signal via Gi/o alpha subunits to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity, increase potassium transport, inhibit calcium conductance, and stimulate phospholipase A2. (enzolifesciences.com)
Not only are α 2 -AR agonist potency and efficacy altered by nerve injury, but the α 2 -AR subtypes involved and their interaction with cholinergic systems of inhibition are shifted as well. (asahq.org)
There are three α 2 -AR subtypes, termed A, B, and C, and the A and C subtypes predominate in the spinal cord of rats. (asahq.org)
Dag molecules that cause a role in human cultured human cultured myofibroblasts and goueli bs, of activation of receptor subtypes of. (dokweys1oft.pw)
The adrenergic α 1 receptors are further divided into three subtypes: α 1A , α 1B and α 1D receptors. (tocris.com)

By activating more energy is activated protein pathway that inhibits gs activity is made and contraction of receptors activate the cardiovascular and paracrine and. (dokweys1oft.pw)
G-alpha-i inhibits what? (studystack.com)
Histamine H3 receptor activation inhibits glutamate release from rat striatal synaptosomes. (medigraphic.com)

The Akt/GSK-3beta axis as a new signaling pathway of the histamine H3 receptor. (medigraphic.com)

Alpha-adrenergic agonists improve the urethral closure pressure by stimulation of the alpha-receptors of the smooth urethral musculature (2-7). (vin.com)
Bronchial epithelial cells were cultured with the short-acting ß2-agonist salbutamol or the long-acting ß2-agonist salmeterol prior to stimulation with HDE. (cdc.gov)
Rebound erythema constitutes rebound dilation of the capillaries caused by downregulation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, [2] secondary beta-receptor stimulation, and rebound increase in parasympathetic activity. (ijdd.in)
Secondary hyperalgesia is the term used to describe the exaggerated painful sensations arising from relatively innocuous stimulation of the pain receptors in the uninjured tissues surrounding the site of injury. (vasg.org)
The increased uveoscleral outflow from prolonged use may be explained by increased prostaglandin release due to alpha adrenergic stimulation. (newdrugapprovals.org)
Acetaminophen may also inhibit the synthesis or actions of chemical mediators that sensitize the pain receptors to mechanical or chemical stimulation. (seekhealthz.com)

1,5 Taking the former route, these drops mimic the activity of acetylcholine, and when they bind to muscarinic receptors, the iris sphincter contracts and pupil size decreases. (reviewofoptometry.com)

Evidence for a nonlinear relationship between alpha-1 adrenergic receptor occupancy and tissue responses, together with the finding of different affinity states for agonist binding, has raised the possibility of functional heterogeneity of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
Even though these drugs specifically act on nicotinic receptors, they also show a little affinity towards muscarinic receptors. (egpat.com)
Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBU), 1 microgram/ml for 2 min, abolished alpha 1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated signal transduction in rat hepatocytes and converted 100% of alpha 1-ARs to a low-affinity state, similar to effects of a non-hydrolyzable GTP analog. (eurekamag.com)
Reversal of PDBU inhibition restored high-affinity alpha 1-ARs towards control values. (eurekamag.com)
I guess the question pharmacologically is, does metoclopramide have greater affinity for the D2 receptor than apomorphine? (vtx-cpd.com)
Metoclopramide has 28.8 nM affinity at the D2 receptor site and apomorphine 52nM (higher number = lower affinity) so theoretically metoclopramide may diminish the effects of apomorphine but I couldn't find any studies relating to this. (vtx-cpd.com)
We, therefore, conducted a literature review to find studies investigating the effects of combined treatment with PDAs (i.e. aripiprazole, cariprazine and brexpiprazole) and FDAs having a strong D 2 receptor binding affinity. (lww.com)
A fourth α 1 receptor subtype has been postulated and is designated as α 1L based on its low affinity for prazosin . (tocris.com)

What is the functional effect of alpha-1 sympathomimetic drugs on vascular smooth muscle? (freezingblue.com)
What about on platelets, adrenergic nerver terminals, vascular smooth muscle and fat cells? (freezingblue.com)
α1 agonists like oxymetazoline and xylometazoline act on nasal vascular smooth muscle and produce constriction. (egpat.com)
It has a vasoconstrictive action on small distal resistance arteries by way of postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptor signaling on the vascular smooth muscle. (ijdd.in)

they sensitize the alpha-receptors for endogenous and exogenous catecholamines (12). (vin.com)
Given that adrenoreceptors play a fundamental role in regards to the pharmacogenetic interaction between catecholamines with α and β adrenergic receptors, it is, therefore, pivotal to highlight and further analyze variants amongst adrenergic receptors to improve the management of diseases pertaining to catecholamine dysfunction. (sccj-sa.org)

Where are the muscarinic receptors in the PNS? (freezingblue.com)
Majority of the actions of acetylcholine are mediated through muscarinic receptors. (egpat.com)
Muscarinic receptors are present at various locations like heart, smooth muscle, glands and also in CNS. (egpat.com)
Few of the drugs selecively block muscarinic receptors. (egpat.com)
In addition to the above drugs, many of other category agents like antihistamines and tricyclic antidepressants also block these muscarinic receptors. (egpat.com)
Drops that antagonize the parasympathetic pathway block acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter of the autonomic nervous system, from reaching muscarinic receptors, which are located within the iris sphincter. (reviewofoptometry.com)

5,11 This should not be a surprise given the number of endogenous substances that play key roles in sensitizing peripherally and centrally located neurons and receptors. (vin.com)
The present study demonstrates that the endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonists 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA) activate a canonical cannabinoid receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans and also modulate monoaminergic signaling at multiple levels. (jneurosci.org)
In contrast, 2-AG does not activate SER-4 directly, but appears to enhance SER-4-dependent serotonergic signaling by increasing endogenous 5-HT. (jneurosci.org)
In addition, the endogenous cannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N -arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide or AEA) are synthesized within the brain and CNS. (jneurosci.org)
Mu-opioid receptors are the receptors in your brain and body where the endogenous (your body's naturally occurring opiates like, endorphins) and exogenous opioids (these are medications such as morphine, codeine, hydrocodone and the like) exert their activity. (doctorpstrong.com)

Addrenex Pharmaceuticals is a focused, specialty pharmaceutical company that develops and commercializes drugs to treat adrenergic dysregulation. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
These drugs reduce blood pressure by acting directly on the receptors in the heart. (arrhythmia.center)
Tizanidine can cause sleepiness, but it has not been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat sleep disorders.We reviewed the evidence about the effect of alpha2‐adrenergic agonists (clonidine, lofexidine, guanfacine, and tizanidine) in managing withdrawal in people who are dependent on opioid drugs (for example heroin, methadone). (nagelstudio-beratung.de)
As most of the mediators act through receptors, the later act as potential drug targets for many of the clinically important drugs. (egpat.com)
Drugs like carbachol, bethanechol and pilocarpine act as agonist on these receptors. (egpat.com)
Clonidine also reduces physical symptoms of high blood pressure like dizziness, headaches Clonidine, commonly known as Catpress® or Duraclon®, belongs to a class of drugs known as central alpha 2 adrenergic agonists and is similar to xylazine. (halcyonsailing.net)
2. 100% FDA approved generic and branded prescription Fioricet drugs sourced in the U.S. (dealpain.org)
They wanted to identify drugs that could reduce the production of a protein called Alpha Synuclein (regular readers will be aware that that protein is intimately associated with Parkinson's disease). (scienceofparkinsons.com)
So the investigators grew cells that stably produce the human version of Alpha Synuclein and they screened 1126 compounds (including drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (or FDA) as well as wide range of natural products, vitamins, health supplements, and alkaloids. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
Beta 2 -Adrenoreceptor agonist are drugs that bind to and activate the Beta 2 -Adrenergic receptor. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
Abemaciclib is used alone or with other drugs such as fulvestrant or anastrozole for treating women with advanced breast cancer or breast cancer that has spread to other parts of the body and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. (medindia.net)
The histamine H3 receptor: from gene cloning to H3 receptor drugs. (medigraphic.com)

Reduced alpha adrenergic mediated contraction of renal preglomerular blood vessels as a function of gender and aging. (nih.gov)
Of the iperoxo-bound receptor inducing a slight contraction of this outer binding pocket. (dokweys1oft.pw)
2-AR activation attenuated the dermal fibroblast-mediated contraction of collagen gels. (dokweys1oft.pw)
Activity and resulting in smooth muscle contraction receptors couple to Gs. (dokweys1oft.pw)

Mitragynine's primary effects are mediated via the opioid receptors. (seasr.org)
Our previous ASP9521 research indicated that KOR agonist dilates pial arteries via activation of nitric oxide synthase, adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium stations, and opioid receptors. (fk866.net)

V1 effect is by Gq-protein coupled receptors, which also increases intracellular IP3. (derangedphysiology.com)
V2 effect is via Gs-protein coupled receptors, and cAMP. (derangedphysiology.com)
G-protein-coupled receptors and signaling networks: emerging paradigms. (medigraphic.com)
Adrenergic α 1 receptors (α 1 -adrenoceptors) are members of the adrenergic receptor group of G-protein-coupled receptors that also includes α 2A , α 2B , α 2C , β 1 , β 2 and β 3 . (tocris.com)
Our Cardiovascular poster highlights the key G protein-coupled receptors involved in the regulation of vascular reactivity. (tocris.com)

Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists produce antinociception in normal animals and alleviate mechanical allodynia in animals with nerve injury, although their mechanism of action may differ in these situations. (asahq.org)
Its primary known mechanism of action is on the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, iron-dragon.com, also known as ADRB2. (cwtvsource.com)
Mechanism of action: beta-2 agonist. (rebelem.com)
3) The root mechanism mixed up in activation of KOR, inhibition of apoptosis and reduced amount of inflammation factors such as IL-10 and TNF-alpha. (fk866.net)
Coupling of histamine H3 receptors to neuronal Na+/H+ exchange: a novel protective mechanism in myocardial ischemia. (medigraphic.com)

Guanfacine is in a class of medications called centrally acting alpha 2A -adrenergic receptor agonists. (medlineplus.gov)
It may take 2 weeks before you feel the full benefit of guanfacine extended-release tablets. (medlineplus.gov)

Neuronal nicotinic receptor agonists improve gait and balance in olivocerebellar ataxia. (nih.gov)

ergotamine etilefrine indanidine mephentermine metaraminol methoxamine mivazerol naphazoline norfenefrine octopamine phenylpropanolamine propylhexedrine rilmenidine romifidine synephrine talipexole Alpha-adrenergic agonists, more specifically the auto receptors of alpha 2 neurons, are used in the treatment of glaucoma by decreasing the production of aqueous fluid by the ciliary bodies of the eye and also by increasing uveoscleral outflow. (wikipedia.org)
2,21,32 These substances cause normally high-threshold primary sensory neurons to become hypersensitized (i.e., their threshold for transmitting noxious stimuli is reduced). (vin.com)
Alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist that appears to reduce spasticity by increasing presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons. (activeingredients.online)
Serotonergic neurons in the median raphe nucleus (MnR) are stimulated by alpha(1)-adrenergic agonists and inhibited by alpha(2) agonists. (gp120-inhibitors.com)
Supporting pharmacological experiments demonstrated that the burst firing DRN neurons demonstrated equal sensitivity to 5-HT(1A) agonism and alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism to single spiking DRN neurons that we have previously identified as 5-HT-containing. (ox.ac.uk)
There are different nerve types associated with the sensory (A beta fibers) and nociceptive (A delta and C fibers) receptors but they all form synapses with neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (vasg.org)
Neurons express chemokine receptors GPCRs and some are thought to be involved in neuropathic pain. (wordpress.com)
These neurons in the dorsal root ganglion express the G Protein Coupled Receptor (Prokr2) which is a receptor for prokineticin, a secreted protein which increases gut motility. (wordpress.com)

Although complete selectivity between receptor agonism is rarely achieved, some agents have partial selectivity. (wikipedia.org)
NB: the inclusion of a drug in each category just indicates the activity of the drug at that receptor, not necessarily the selectivity of the drug (unless otherwise noted). (wikipedia.org)
Displays ~ 120-fold selectivity for α 2 receptors over α 1 receptors and acts predominantly at non- α 2A -adrenoceptors which may be of the α 2C subtype. (bio-techne.com)
An alpha adrenergic receptor, medetomidine has an alpha-2:alpha-1 selectivity factor of 1620 and, when compared to xylazine, is reportedly 10 times more specific for alpha-2 receptors vs alpha-1 receptors. (nexgenvetrx.com)

A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. (nih.gov)

α 2 -ADRENERGIC receptor (α 2 -AR) agonists produce analgesia in humans and animals, primarily by actions in the spinal cord. (asahq.org)
Most often, the receptors we refer to are those found in the central nervous system such as mu-type receptors responsible for typical outcomes such as analgesia, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, etc. (paindr.com)

Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. (medscape.com)

Long-term administration of S32212 was associated with rapid (1 week) and sustained (5 weeks) normalization of sucrose intake in rats exposed to chronic mild stress and with elevated levels of mRNA encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor in hippocampus and amygdala (2 weeks). (ox.ac.uk)
S32212 accelerated the firing rate of adrenergic perikarya in the locus coeruleus and elevated dialysis levels of noradrenaline in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of freely moving rats. (ox.ac.uk)
The alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist clonidine (CLON) was injected into the MnR (0, 0.2, 2, 6, 20 nmol), into the pontine nucleus (Pn) or into the mesencephalic reticular formation (mRt) (0.2, 20 nmol) of free-feeding rats. (gp120-inhibitors.com)
Salonen M, Reid K, Maze M (1992) Synergistic interaction between alpha 2-adrenergic agonists and benzodiazepines in rats. (scholarena.co)

SNS Alpha Yohimbine is the gold standard of the various yohimbine extracts for long-lasting energy and improved fat burning. (priceplow.com)
SNS , long known as an industry leader in superior quality products, has released the ultimate energy boosting, jitter-free yohimbine supplement with their own Alpha Yohimbine caps. (priceplow.com)
As you guessed, there's not really much of a "list" of ingredients here - it's just alpha yohimbine pure and simple. (priceplow.com)
SNS Alpha Yohimbine contains Rauwolscine , a powerful plant alkaloid that functions as a strong CNS stimulant. (priceplow.com)
Though there's no readily available research to verify this, many users of alpha yohimbine do report significantly increased libido. (priceplow.com)
Previously, we offered Free Sample Packs of SNS Alpha-Yohimbine. (priceplow.com)
Each cap of SNS Alpha Yohimbine contains 1.5mg to allow easy dosing customization for each user's particular needs and wants. (priceplow.com)

ß2-Adrenergic receptor agonists (ß2-agonists) activate PKA, and we hypothesized that ß2-agonists would beneficially impact HDE-induced adverse airway inflammatory consequences. (cdc.gov)
On the other hand, few of the mediators like nitric oxide directly activate enzymes to produce cellular effects without acting on any receptor. (egpat.com)
Receptors will wait for a protein to come along and activate them or alternatively block them. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
Estrogen can bind to estrogen receptors at the plasma membrane and activate signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
2-AG or AEA activate NPR-19 directly and cannabinoid-dependent inhibition can be rescued in npr-19 -null animals by the expression of a human cannabinoid receptor, CB 1 , highlighting the orthology of the receptors. (jneurosci.org)
The present study demonstrates that mammalian cannabinoid receptor ligands activate a conserved cannabinoid signaling system in C. elegans and also modulate monoaminergic signaling, potentially affecting an array of disorders, including anxiety and depression. (jneurosci.org)
Cannabinoids primarily activate Gα o -coupled cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB 1 and CB 2 ). (jneurosci.org)
Endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids activate the same receptors and elicit similar cellular responses despite their structural differences. (jneurosci.org)

ATLANTA--(HSMN NewsFeed)--Sciele Pharma, Inc. (NASDAQ:SCRX ) today announced that it has signed an exclusive agreement with Addrenex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. to develop and market ADX415 , a novel patented, centrally-acting alpha adrenergic receptor agonist, specific to Alpha-2 receptors, for the treatment of hypertension and other potential indications. (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)

the intrinsic activity of the agonist (i.e. partial agonists cause much less receptor desensitization. (studystack.com)

Alpha 2 agonists, through the activation of a G protein-coupled receptor , inhibit the activity of adenylate cyclase . (newdrugapprovals.org)
2-AG or AEA inhibit nociception and feeding through a pathway requiring the cannabinoid-like receptor NPR-19. (jneurosci.org)

In humans alpha 2 agonists are often used as 'rescue therapy' when opioid tolerance has developed. (dvm360.com)

The use of alpha-2 agonists with the potential to reduce noradrenaline release needs further examination. (uio.no)
Adrenergic receptors mediate the hormone and neurotransmitter functions of adrenaline and noradrenaline. (enzolifesciences.com)
Noradrenaline is the catecholamine released by postganglionic adrenergic nerves. (derangedphysiology.com)
Refractory hypotension may respond to agents with combined alpha-1 & alpha-2 activity (e.g. noradrenaline). (derangedphysiology.com)

The nociceptors (pain receptors) associated with physiologic pain have much higher thresholds than the sensory nerves responsible for general tactile information. (vasg.org)

The expressions of MIF, P-adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase α (AMPKα), glucose transporter (GLUT)4, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western Blot (WB). (springernature.com)
Activation of beta 2 -adrenergic receptors leads to the activation of adenylcyclase and to an increase in the intracellular concentration of cyclic-3′,5'‑adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). (mdtodate.com)
15] G. Hasko, C. Szabo, Z.H. Nemeth, V. Kvetan, S.M. Pastores, E.S. Vizi: "Adenosine receptor agonists differentially regulate IL-10, TNF-alpha, and nitric oxide productionin RAW 264.7 macrophages and in endotoxemic mice", J. Immunol. (edu.pl)

Most common treatment-emergent adverse reactions, occurring in greater than 2% of patients in both Intensive Care Unit and procedural sedation studies include hypotension, bradycardia and dry mouth. (medthority.com)
Spontaneous behavior scores indicated less sedation during Noise 2 compared to Control+ ( P = 0.05). (peerj.com)

PRECEDEX Injection, 200 mcg/2 mL (100 mcg/mL) in a single-dose vial. (nih.gov)

In this study we describe the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological THE NEGATIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR EU1794-4 REDUCES SINGLE NMDA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a slow, Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory synaptic currents. (archivebay.com)
GABA activator halothane and NMDA receptor inhibitor ketamine have been discovered. (rroij.com)

Medetomidine, an α2 adrenergic agonist. (wikipedia.org)

As I mentioned in the previous post , an agonist is a drug that binds to and activates a particular receptor. (scienceofparkinsons.com)
In the first step, the drug binds to primary receptors called membrane-bound penicillin-binding proteins. (bair-sprache-chiemgau.de)
Binding is promiscuous - a given chemokine binds to multiple receptors, and a given receptor binds to multiple chemokines. (wordpress.com)

Mitragynine is a μ- and δ-opioid receptor agonist that is 13 times more potent than morphine. (guidancepa.com)
We believe that the addition of the potent mu-receptor agonist O-desmethyltramadol to powdered leaves from Kratom contributed to the unintentional death of the nine cases presented and conclude that intake of Krypton is not as harmless as it often is described on internet websites. (kratomburnguide.com)
Acetaminophen appears to be a potent inhibitor of both isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2, within the CNS. (seekhealthz.com)

What is the functional effect of alpha 2 agonism on blood pressure? (freezingblue.com)
Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa ), is an South-east Asian traditional herb with opioid and stimulant-like properties, contains indole alkaloids, principally mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, with mu-opioid receptor agonism. (doctorpstrong.com)

Androgen Receptor Genetic Variant Predicts COVID-19 Disease Severity: A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Hospitalized COVID-19 Male Patients. (bioq.com)

It is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist. (drugbank.com)
YUHSpace: Conduction block by clonidine is not mediated by alpha2-adrenergic receptors in rat sciatic nerve fibers. (yonsei.ac.kr)

7 The researchers discovered that acupuncture of these 2 points bilaterally normalized gastric slow waves in the distal stomach, increased the spike bursts in the distal stomach, significantly increased vagal activity, and significantly decreased the sympathovagal balance. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Ranitidine was also the result of a rational drug design process utilising the by-then-fairly-refined model of the histamine H 2 receptor and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). (bionity.com)
Acts on V1 receptors (for vasopressor activity) and on V2 receptors (for antidiuretic activity). (derangedphysiology.com)
Beta 2 -agonist activity has been demonstrated in animals with minimal beta 1 -agonist (ISA) activity detected. (druglib.com)
Due to the alpha 1 -receptor blocking activity of labetalol HCl, blood pressure is lowered more in the standing than in the supine position, and symptoms of postural hypotension can occur. (druglib.com)
T-cell receptor- and CD28-induced Vav1 activity is required for the accumulation of primed T cells into antigenic tissue. (exeter.ac.uk)
Kratom does in fact have opioid activity at higher doses because it does in fact combine with mu and other opiate receptors. (paindr.com)
Figure 2: Oscillatory changes in PKA activity, cAMP and Ca 2+ dynamics are highly coordinated in MIN6 cells. (nature.com)
When angiotensin II receptors are stimulated, they produce effects that of opposite to angiotensin II (hypotensive activity, beneficial in treatment of hypertension). (foobrdigital.com)
2) SA administration following global cerebral Hello there in piglet preserves autoregulation of pial artery via KOR activation as well as the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activity inhibition. (fk866.net)
Our 12-week intervention (n=35) will consist of 1) an instructional/goal-setting session, 2) an activity tracker (Fitbit) providing stand/walk prompts, 3) a smart water bottle (HidrateSpark) that syncs with the Fitbit, and 4) weekly tailored text messages for behavior reinforcement and weekly goal monitoring. (vumc.org)
In addition, adrenergic blockade or anticholinergic activity peripherally may delay subsequent ejaculation in the cerebral cortex was consistently demanding as well as the control of ejaculation proved to be within normal limits. (hyperbaricnurses.org)

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)

Uveitic Glaucoma Medication: Beta-blockers, Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, Adrenergic agonists, Prostaglandin analogs,... (medscape.com)

Pediatric Sedation: Practice Essentials, Overview, Sedation Terminology (medscape.com)

Blue Ice by EPG (strongsupplementshop.com)

Pharos : Target Details - P18089 (pharos.nih.gov)

Beta2-Adrenoreceptor agonists: Another game changer? - The Science of Parkinson's (scienceofparkinsons.com)

Methoxamine | Profiles RNS (profiles.uchicago.edu)

DailyMed - LABETALOL HYDROCHLORIDE injection (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)

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Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers - Adrenergic Receptor Pharmacology for Medicine (picmonic.com)

Fentanyl Attenuates α1B-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Pulmonary Artery Contraction | Anesthesiology | American Society of... (pubs.asahq.org)

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Patriks morgonpromenader - Trincomalee, Sri Lanka - Jorden runt med familjen Thunberg (attresamedbarn.se)

WikiGenes - Ion Transport (wikigenes.org)

CO Irbesartan - Uses, Side Effects, Interactions - MedBroadcast.com (medbroadcast.com)

Comparative evaluation between two methods of induced hypotension with infusion of Remifentanil and Labetalol during sinus... (jrpp.net)

Faculty Profile - PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences - University at Buffalo (medicine.buffalo.edu)

Anatomy1

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes2

Canine external carotid vasoconstriction to methysergide, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: role of 5-HT1B/1D receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors. (1/319)

Role of potassium channels in the antinociception induced by agonists of alpha2-adrenoceptors. (2/319)

Clonidine evokes vasodepressor responses via alpha2-adrenergic receptors in gigantocellular reticular formation. (3/319)

Cardiopulmonary effects of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists medetomidine and ST-91 in anesthetized sheep. (4/319)

The alpha2A-adrenergic receptor discriminates between Gi heterotrimers of different betagamma subunit composition in Sf9 insect cell membranes. (5/319)

Effect of strenuous, acute exercise on alpha2-adrenergic agonist-potentiated platelet activation. (6/319)

Differential cotransmission in sympathetic nerves: role of frequency of stimulation and prejunctional autoreceptors. (7/319)

Moxonidine, a selective alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonist, produces spinal antinociception in mice. (8/319)

Wakefulness-Promoting Agents

Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2

Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists

Serotonin Receptor Agonists

Dopamine Agonists

Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists

Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists

Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

GABA Agonists

GABA-A Receptor Agonists

Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists

GABA-B Receptor Agonists

Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists

Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Agonists

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists

Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha

alpha 1-Antitrypsin

Receptors, Opioid, kappa

Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists

Histamine Agonists

Adenosine

Muscarinic Agonists

Nicotinic Agonists

Receptors, Opioid, mu

Serotonin Antagonists

Phenethylamines

Receptors, Dopamine D2

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine

Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists

Rats, Wistar

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit

Receptors, Opioid, delta

Adrenergic Agonists

Quinpirole

Baclofen

Receptors, Purinergic P1

Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists

Receptors, Dopamine D1

Radioligand Assay

Benzazepines

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin

Piperidines

Signal Transduction

Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-

Receptor, Adenosine A2A

Adrenergic beta-Agonists

Cannabinoids

alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1

Receptors, Opioid

Muscimol

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists

Cells, Cultured

Ligands

Pyrrolidines

Receptors, Serotonin

Receptors, Nicotinic

Naphthalenes

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Calcium

Cyclic AMP

Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)

Clonidine

Cholinergic Agonists

Canine external carotid vasoconstriction to methysergide, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: role of 5-HT1B/1D receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors. (1/319)

Role of potassium channels in the antinociception induced by agonists of alpha2-adrenoceptors. (2/319)

Clonidine evokes vasodepressor responses via alpha2-adrenergic receptors in gigantocellular reticular formation. (3/319)

Cardiopulmonary effects of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists medetomidine and ST-91 in anesthetized sheep. (4/319)

The alpha2A-adrenergic receptor discriminates between Gi heterotrimers of different betagamma subunit composition in Sf9 insect cell membranes. (5/319)

Effect of strenuous, acute exercise on alpha2-adrenergic agonist-potentiated platelet activation. (6/319)

Differential cotransmission in sympathetic nerves: role of frequency of stimulation and prejunctional autoreceptors. (7/319)

Moxonidine, a selective alpha2-adrenergic and imidazoline receptor agonist, produces spinal antinociception in mice. (8/319)

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Production of Paradoxical Sensory Hypersensitivity by α2-Adrenoreceptor Agonists | Anesthesiology | American Society of...

US6593341B2 - β3-adrenoreceptor agonists, agonist compositions and methods of making and using the same - Google...

Calamagrostis × filipes (Keng) P.C.Kuo & S.L.Lu ex J.L.Yang | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science