AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
AdrenarcheZona ReticularisPuberty, PrecociousProgesterone ReductaseGigantismSteroid 17-alpha-HydroxylaseDehydroepiandrosterone SulfateEtiocholanoloneAdrenal CortexSteroid Metabolism, Inborn ErrorsPan paniscusEndocrinologyDehydroepiandrosteroneAdrenal GlandsSteroid 21-HydroxylaseCytochromes b5Androgens17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone3-Hydroxysteroid DehydrogenasesPubertyAdrenal Gland NeoplasmsReceptors, MineralocorticoidMineralocorticoidsCarbohydrate MetabolismBostonHospitals, PediatricFocal InfectionLeptinReceptors, LeptinBody Mass IndexBody HeightReceptors, AndrogenPolychlorinated BiphenylsContraceptives, OralPediatricsGrowth ChartsPuberty, DelayedLipoprotein(a)Polycystic Ovary SyndromeTestosteroneEncyclopedias as TopicEndocytosisCholesterolCholesterol, DietaryCholesterol EstersLipoproteins, LDLSulfotransferasesAddison DiseaseDevelopmental BiologyManuscripts, MedicalMedicine, ArabicBiological EvolutionGrowth DisordersGrowth
Adrenarche
A stage of development at which the ADRENAL GLANDS undergo maturation leading to the capability of producing increasing amounts of adrenal androgens, DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrenarche usually begins at about 7 or 8 years of age before the signs of PUBERTY and continues throughout puberty.
Zona Reticularis
The inner zone of the adrenal cortex. This zone produces the enzymes that convert PREGNENOLONE, a 21-carbon steroid, to 19-carbon steroids (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE) via 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPREGNENOLONE.
Puberty, Precocious
Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.
Progesterone Reductase
An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a 3 beta-hydroxy-delta(5)-steroid to 3-oxo-delta(4)-steroid in the presence of NAD. It converts pregnenolone to progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione. EC 1.1.1.145.
Gigantism
The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age.
Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase
A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pregnenolone and subsequent cleavage of the residual two carbons at C17 in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP17 gene, generates precursors for glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Defects in CYP17 gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL) and abnormal sexual differentiation.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.
Etiocholanolone
The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.
Adrenal Cortex
The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (outer ZONA GLOMERULOSA, middle ZONA FASCICULATA, and inner ZONA RETICULARIS) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN.
Steroid Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processing of STEROIDS resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.
Pan paniscus
The pygmy chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. Its common name is Bonobo, which was once considered a separate genus by some; others considered it a subspecies of PAN TROGLODYTES. Its range is confined to the forests of the central Zaire basin. Despite its name, it is often of equal size to P. troglodytes.
Endocrinology
A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the metabolism, physiology, and disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM.
Dehydroepiandrosterone
A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.
Adrenal Glands
A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.
Steroid 21-Hydroxylase
An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP21 gene, converts progesterones to precursors of adrenal steroid hormones (CORTICOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE). Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).
Cytochromes b5
Cytochromes of the b group that are found bound to cytoplasmic side of ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. They serve as electron carrier proteins for a variety of membrane-bound OXYGENASES. They are reduced by the enzyme CYTOCHROME-B(5) REDUCTASE.
Androgens
Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.
17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.
3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.
Puberty
A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.
Receptors, Mineralocorticoid
Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind MINERALOCORTICOIDS and mediate their cellular effects. The receptor with its bound ligand acts in the nucleus to induce transcription of specific segments of DNA.
Mineralocorticoids
A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS primarily associated with water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ION TRANSPORT in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by PLASMA VOLUME, serum potassium, and ANGIOTENSIN II.
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.
Boston
Hospitals, Pediatric
Special hospitals which provide care for ill children.
Focal Infection
Leptin
A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.
Receptors, Leptin
Cell surface receptors for obesity factor (LEPTIN), a hormone secreted by the WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Upon leptin-receptor interaction, the signal is mediated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to regulate food intake, energy balance and fat storage.
Body Mass Index
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Body Height
The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.
Receptors, Androgen
Proteins, generally found in the CYTOPLASM, that specifically bind ANDROGENS and mediate their cellular actions. The complex of the androgen and receptor migrates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it induces transcription of specific segments of DNA.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.
Contraceptives, Oral
Compounds, usually hormonal, taken orally in order to block ovulation and prevent the occurrence of pregnancy. The hormones are generally estrogen or progesterone or both.
Pediatrics
A medical specialty concerned with maintaining health and providing medical care to children from birth to adolescence.
Growth Charts
Graphic displays of height and weight showing development over time.
Puberty, Delayed
The lack of development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations above the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in a population. Delayed puberty can be classified by defects in the hypothalamic LHRH pulse generator, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the GONADS. These patients will undergo spontaneous but delayed puberty whereas patients with SEXUAL INFANTILISM will not.
Lipoprotein(a)
A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.
Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Encyclopedias as Topic
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Endocytosis
Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.
Cholesterol
The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Cholesterol, Dietary
Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.
Cholesterol Esters
Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.
Lipoproteins, LDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.
Sulfotransferases
Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttranslational sulfation of proteins and sulfate conjugation of exogenous chemicals and bile acids. EC 2.8.2.
Addison Disease
An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.
Developmental Biology
The field of biology which deals with the process of the growth and differentiation of an organism.
Manuscripts, Medical
Medicine, Arabic
Traditional Arabic methods used in medicine in the ARAB WORLD.
Biological Evolution
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.
Growth
Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.

Cytochrome b(5) modulation of 17{alpha} hydroxylase and 17-20 lyase (CYP17) activities in steroidogenesis. (1/28)

CYP17 is a steroidogenic enzyme located in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex and gonad tissues and which has dual functions - hydroxylation and as a lyase. The first activity gives hydroxylation of pregnenolone and progesterone at the C(17) position to generate 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, while the second enzymic activity cleaves the C(17)-C(20) bond of 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to form dehydroepiandro-sterone and androstenedione respectively. The modulation of these two activities occurs through cytochrome b(5). Association of cytochrome b(5) and CYP17 is thought to be based primarily on electrostatic interactions in which the negatively charged residues pair up with positively charged residues on the proximal surface of the CYP17 molecule. Non-specific interactions of the hydrophobic membrane regions of cytochrome b(5) and CYP17 are also thought to play a crucial role in the association of these two haemoproteins. Although cytochrome b(5) is known to stimulate CYP activity by contributing the second electron in the catalytic cycle, in the case of CYP17, the mechanism of cleavage stimulation proceeds via an allosteric mode. It is hypothesised that cytochrome b(5) promotes the cleavage by aligning the iron-oxygen complex attack onto the C(20) rather than the C(17) atom of the steroid substrate molecule. Thus, further understanding of the mechanism of modulation by cytochrome b(5) of the hydroxylase and lyase activities should shed new insights on developing therapeutic targets in CYP17-linked biochemical processes such as adrenarche, polycystic ovary syndrome and prostate cancer.  (+info)

Early puberty-menarche after precocious pubarche: relation to prenatal growth. (2/28)

OBJECTIVE: Girls with precocious pubarche (PP; pubic hair at <8 years of age) as a result of an early or amplified adrenarche (high dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEAS]) tend to be hyperinsulinemic, in particular when born with low birth weight (LBW). The objective of this study was to assess the interrelationship among prenatal growth, PP, the timing of puberty-menarche, and adult stature. METHODS: We studied 187 PP girls longitudinally: (1) at birth, (2) in prepuberty, (3) at onset of puberty, (4) at menarche, and (5) on reaching adult stature. This PP cohort was divided into subgroups of higher birth weight (>0 SD), intermediate birth weight (0 to -2 SD), and lower birth weight (less than -2 SD). RESULTS: At the time of PP diagnosis, age, bone age, and BMI were similar across birth weight subgroups; circulating sex hormone-binding globulin and body height were reduced in PP girls with lower birth weight, and these remained so throughout pubertal development. Onset of puberty occurred earlier in PP girls with lower birth weight; so did menarche. Adult height differed by an average of 6.5 cm (approximately 1 SD) between the upper and lower birth weight subgroups; this difference was essentially achieved before puberty and even before PP. Menarche before age 12.0 years was twofold more prevalent in PP girls than in control subjects. Among PP girls, age at menarche was advanced by 8 to 10 months in lower versus higher birth weight girls. Menarche before age 12.0 years was threefold more prevalent among LBW-PP girls than in control subjects (approximately 75% vs approximately 25%). CONCLUSIONS: The link between prenatal growth restraint and early menarche is herewith extended to PP girls. In particular LBW-PP girls may become a target group for interventions directed toward normalization of pubertal onset and progression.  (+info)

Adrenarche in the rat. (3/28)

Normal pubertal development in humans involves two distinct processes: maturation of adrenal androgen secretion (adrenarche) and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (gonadarche). One factor thought to contribute to the adrenarche in man is increased adrenal 17-hydroxylase (CYP17) activity. In the rat, there is evidence for adrenal involvement in the initiation of puberty, but the adrenal glands of this species are generally thought to express CYP17 only very poorly at best. To further examine the nature of postnatal adrenal development in rat, plasma samples and adrenal tissues were taken from animals aged 2-90 days, circulating adrenal steroids assayed, and adrenal zones assessed quantitatively. A relative increase in zona reticularis, and peaks of circulating cortisol, androstenedione, and 17-OH-progesterone were observed around postnatal days 16-20, clearly before the development of the gonads, which begins at 30-35 days. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR confirmed a peak in mRNA coding for CYP17 in adrenal tissue from rats of similar age. The results suggest that the rat adrenal has the capacity to secrete steroids arising from 17-hydroxylation, and that this may contribute to a process similar to human adrenarche.  (+info)

Differences in endocrine parameters and psychopathology in girls with premature adrenarche versus on-time adrenarche. (4/28)

Girls with premature adrenarche (PA) are at risk for multiple problems related to exaggerated androgen synthesis. Whether PA carries a risk of psychopathology remains unknown. This study examined group differences in: (a) anthropometric and endocrine parameters, and (b) mood and behavior problems, in 6-8 year-old girls with PA (n = 40) compared to on-time adrenarche girls (n = 36). PA girls were taller (p < or =0.05) and heavier (p < or =0.01) than the on-time adrenarche girls but body mass index showed no difference. PA girls had significantly (p <0.05) higher adrenal androgen and testosterone concentrations but not cortisol or leptin. PA girls also had significantly more oppositional defiant disorder, and higher symptom counts reflecting anxiety, mood or disruptive behavior disorders. PA girls may be more vulnerable to psychopathology than on-time adrenarche girls. The challenge of future studies is to determine which PA girls are at risk for psychopathology and which are more resilient.  (+info)

Morphological adrenarche in rhesus macaques: development of the zona reticularis is concurrent with fetal zone regression in the early neonatal period. (5/28)

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Adrenal changes associated with adrenarche. (6/28)

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Body composition in premature adrenarche by structural MRI, 1H MRS and DXA. (7/28)

BACKGROUND: Premature adrenarche (PA) is recognized to be a possible precursor of polycystic ovarian syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Visceral adiposity and increased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) are associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. AIM: To determine whether prepubertal girls with PA have altered visceral adiposity and/or increased muscle lipid content compared to prepubertal girls without PA using proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (1H MRS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed total body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, MRI of the trunk, and MRS of the tibialis anterior muscle in the right calf on six girls with PA and eight prepubertal controls. RESULTS: Amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT to SAT ratio did not differ significantly between the PA and control girls. Those with PA, however, had significantly greater IMCL than controls (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This study adds further evidence that PA is not a benign condition, and future studies investigating early intervention with dietary and exercise counseling may help diminish potential risk for diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease.  (+info)

Utility of early insulin response and proinsulin to assess insulin resistance. (8/28)

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5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche. -...5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche. -...
Girls with idiopathic premature adrenarche, characterized by the early appearance of pubic hair and adrenal hyperandrogenism, may be at an increased risk for polycystic ovarian syndrome and its associated complications. Alterations of peripheral metabolism of adrenal steroids, specifically increased 5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities, have been documented in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome and proposed as an underlying mechanism for the adrenal hyperandrogenism in this syndrome. We sought to investigate whether alterations in 5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities are present in girls with premature adrenarche, suggesting a possible role in the pathogenesis of the hyperandrogenism of this condition. We studied C19 and C21 urinary steroid metabolites, 5 alpha/5 beta and 11 oxo/11 hydroxy metabolite pairs as well as the ratios of the total 5 alpha/total 5 beta and total 11 oxo/total 11 hydroxy metabolites in 24-h urine samples
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5-alpha-reductase-and-11-beta-hydroxysteroid-dehyd-Silfen-Shackleton/018ab3c0f96b12a4e7dcaa84e3ff157db6899159
Premature Adrenarche Treatments | Boston Childrens HospitalPremature Adrenarche Treatments | Boston Childrens Hospital
Learn more about Premature Adrenarche treatments from experts at Boston Childrens, ranked best Childrens Hospital by US News.
http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/p/premature-adrenarche/treatments
The timing of the onset of adrenarche in Pakistani boys | ICEECE2012The timing of the onset of adrenarche in Pakistani boys | ICEECE2012
Adrenarche is a normal maturational event that in humans occurs at around 6 8 years of age. During adrenarche, a new zone of the adrenal cortex, the zona reticularis, is developed, resulting in increased production of adrenal androgens, androsteindione, DHEA and DHEAS. The increase in the secretion of adrenal androgens causes the appearance of axilliary and pubic hair, a brief increase in linear growth velocity and bone maturation, and the development of the brain. The premature and/or exaggerated adrenarche results in future onset of diseases and thus has a clinical relevance. The present study was aimed at unraveling the age of the onset of adrenarche in Pakistani boys. The history of the boys of 1 10 years of age with their body weight and height was obtained through a questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from antecubital vein of each boy, plasma was separated and concentrations of androsteindione, DHEAS and testosterone were determined by using specific assay systems. The data were ...
https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0029/ea0029p485
Microsoft word - review. normal and premature adrenarche. manuscript alicia belgorosky.docMicrosoft word - review. normal and premature adrenarche. manuscript alicia belgorosky.doc
Parker LN. Adrenarche. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1991;20:71-83. Kennerson AR, McDonald DA, Adams JB. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase localization in human adrenal glands: a light and electron microscopic study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;56:786-790. Bech K, Tygstrup I, Nerup J. The involution of the foetal adrenal cortex. A light microscopic study. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1969;76:391-400. Dhom G. The prepuberal and puberal growth of the adrenal (adrenarche). Beitr Pathol 1973;150:357-377. Grumbach MM, Richards HE, Conte FA, Kaplan SL. Clinical Disorders of adrenal function and puberty: assessment of the role of the adrenal cortex and abnormal puberty in man and evidence for an ACTH-like pituitary adrenal androgen stimulating hormone. In: James VHT, Giusti G, Martini L, eds. The Endocrine Function of the Human Adrenal Cortex, vol. 18. New York: Academic Press, 1978:583-612. Urban MD, Lee PA, Gutai JP, Migeon CJ. Androgens in pubertal males with Addisons disease. J Clin ...
http://health-articles.net/e/endopedonline.com.ar1.html
Juvenility legal definition of juvenilityJuvenility legal definition of juvenility
Definition of juvenility in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is juvenility? Meaning of juvenility as a legal term. What does juvenility mean in law?
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/juvenility
Lipoprotein(a) levels in girls with premature adrenarche. | PubFactsLipoprotein(a) levels in girls with premature adrenarche. | PubFacts
Results: The mean age of girls with PA, at time of the study, was 10.04 +/- 1.53, control 9.83 +/- 1.58 and PCOS was 16.58 +/- 1.46 years. The median (range) of Lp(a) levels were 22.5 (3.50-99.90), 9.6 (3.33-32.40) and 21.2 (5.89-85.65) mg/dL in PA, control and PCOS groups, respectively (P > 0.05). The median Lp(a)s were 14.5 (3.50-87.00) and 24.30 (6.20-99.90) mg/dL, in prepubertal (Tanner 1) and pubertal PA girls (Tanner 2-5), respectively (P > 0.05). The median Lp(a) of prepubertal peers was 8.7 (3.33-21.17), while that of pubertal ones was 15.4 (4.72-32.40) mg/dL (P > 0.05). There was no difference between Lp(a) levels of pre-pubertal PA girls and their peers; however, significant difference was found in Lp(a) levels in pubertal stages of PA and healthy peers (P < 0.05). The positive family history of CVD was 60% in PA; 55% and 80% in the control and PCOS groups, respectively, with no statistical difference. Lp(a) level was correlated with DHEAS (r = 0.386, P = 0.008) and free testosterone ...
https://www.pubfacts.com/detail/18307419/Lipoproteina-levels-in-girls-with-premature-adrenarche
AdrenarcheAdrenarche
Adrenarche Adrenarche refers to a stage of maturation of the cortex of the human adrenal glands. It typically occurs between ages 6 and 10 years and involves
https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Adrenarche.html
Juvenility synonyms | Best 10 synonyms for juvenilityJuvenility synonyms | Best 10 synonyms for juvenility
The best 10 synonyms for juvenility, including: greenness, juvenescence, puberty, salad days, spring, youth, youthfulness, callowness, jejuneness, adolescence and more... Find another word for juvenility at YourDictionary.
https://thesaurus.yourdictionary.com/juvenility
PCOS Treating Adrenal Androgen Excess - Naturopathic Doctor News and ReviewPCOS Treating Adrenal Androgen Excess - Naturopathic Doctor News and Review
Early-onset adrenal activation, known as premature adrenarche, increases the risk of developing PCOS in women by 50%.7 In a young woman, an early onset of pubic/axillary hair and apocrine sweat gland development can mark this condition.. When it comes to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, circulating ACTH levels in women with PCOS are actually similar to those found in age/weight-matched control women.2 The ACTH response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation has also been found to be similar in PCOS and control women. However, the production of adrenal androgens in response to ACTH stimulation is exaggerated in women with PCOS.2. As excessive stimulation of the adrenals by stress responses increases androgen output, it is helpful to look at the impact of stress in individual womens case histories. Along this same line of thinking, one suggested cause of PCOS-related adrenal androgen excess is peripubertal stress.2. Women with PCOS also secrete more cortisol than ...
http://ndnr.com/womens-health/pcos-treating-adrenal-androgen-excess/
Premature sexual maturation: incidence and aetiology | BSPED2008Premature sexual maturation: incidence and aetiology | BSPED2008
Results: About 144 children presented to our unit with PSM between 2005 and 2007 (mean 48 referrals/year); 116 girls (median age 7.41 years, range 0.52 12.54 years) and 28 boys (median age 8.63 years, range 3.14 12.54 years). Bridges et al. (1994) identified 213 children presenting with PSM over 15 years (mean 14.2 referrals/year).. Conclusions: Based on our data, the overall number of referrals for PSM has risen, especially adrenarche, although numbers of children with premature thelarche, thelarche variant and CPP also appear to be increased. The proportion of children with PSM diagnosed with adrenarche also appears to have risen. It is unclear whether the increased incidence of PSM reported here is due to a true increase or heightened recognition by healthcare professionals, and further work is needed to clarify this. ...
https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0017/ea0017P21
Adrenarche: Physiology, Biochemistry and Human DiseaseAdrenarche: Physiology, Biochemistry and Human Disease
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal glands are essential for the maintenance of vascular tone and carbohydrate metabolism or of blood volume and sodium balance, respectively.
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/470730_3
Adrenarche: Physiology, Biochemistry and Human DiseaseAdrenarche: Physiology, Biochemistry and Human Disease
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal glands are essential for the maintenance of vascular tone and carbohydrate metabolism or of blood volume and sodium balance, respectively.
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/470730
Deletion in the uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 2B17 gene is associated with delayed pubarche in healthy boys in:...Deletion in the uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase 2B17 gene is associated with delayed pubarche in healthy boys in:...
This is the first demonstration of delayed pubarche in boys carrying a common deletion of the UGT2B17 gene, which codes for an enzyme involved in urinary steroid excretion.. Knowledge is sparse regarding the genetic etiology of the timing of male pubertal events. However, recent research points to the fact that beside classical genes involved in central reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, also genes exerting an effect on peripheral target tissue are significantly associated with the occurrence of pubertal events (17, 18). We found deletion of UGT2B17 to be significantly associated with pubarche but not with testicular enlargement ,3 mL. The impact of UGT2B17 genotype on age at pubarche but not age at onset of testicular growth is in line with the assumption of an altered T action by UGT2B17 affecting pubarche, a testosterone-dependent event, but not testicular enlargement, which is a gonadotropin-dependent event (19). Further, our findings of an association of the UGT2B17 ...
https://ec.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/ec/7/3/EC-18-0080.xml?rskey=MSUSIN&result=26
Chapter 347. The Female Reproductive System, Infertility, and Contraception | Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e |...Chapter 347. The Female Reproductive System, Infertility, and Contraception | Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e |...
neonatal factors. Menarche is also preceded by breast development (thelarche), which is exquisitely sensitive to the very low levels of estrogen that result from peripheral conversion of adrenal androgens and the low levels of estrogen secreted from the ovary early in pubertal maturation. Breast development precedes the appearance of pubic and axillary hair in ˜60% of girls. The interval between the onset of breast development and menarche is ˜2 years. There has been a gradual decline in the age of menarche over the past century, attributed in large part to improvement in nutrition, and there is a relationship between adiposity and earlier sexual maturation in girls. In the United States, menarche occurs at an average age of 12.5 years (Table 347-1). Much of the variation in the timing of puberty is due to genetic factors, with heritability estimates of 50-80%. Both adrenarche and breast development occur ˜1 year earlier in black compared with white girls, although the timing of menarche ...
http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=331§ionid=40727152
Book] Pediatrics Download PDF EPUB FB2Book] Pediatrics Download PDF EPUB FB2
Pediatrics Notes amstrad.fun Females: Thelarche (breast buds) 1st sign of puberty at about 11yo, followed by adrenarche (pubic hair). About 1yr after thelarche at Tanner 3, peak growth spurt occurs. About 6mo after growth spurt at Tanner 4, menarche occurs.
https://gosimijiwimomep.amstrad.fun/pediatrics-book-34039fj.php
MUKARRAB ETC Vs. STATE OF U.P. - Court VerdictMUKARRAB ETC Vs. STATE OF U.P. - Court Verdict
39.3. As to what materials would prima facie satisfy the court and/or are sufficient for discharging the initial burden cannot be catalogued nor can it be laid down as to what weight should be given to a specific piece of evidence which may be sufficient to raise presumption of juvenility but the documents referred to in Rules 12(3)(a)(i) to (iii) shall definitely be sufficient for prima facie satisfaction of the court about the age of the delinquent necessitating further enquiry under Rule 12. The statement recorded under Section 313 of the Code is too tentative and may not by itself be sufficient ordinarily to justify or reject the claim of juvenility. The credibility and/or acceptability of the documents like the school leaving certificate or the voters list, etc. obtained after conviction would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case and no hard-and-fast rule can be prescribed that they must be prima facie accepted or rejected. In Akbar Sheikh (2009) 7 SCC 415 and Pawan (2009) 15 ...
http://courtverdict.com/supreme-court-of-india/mukarrab-etc-vs-state-of-u-p
Quick Answer: Is Early Puberty Genetic? - bepanahpyar.netQuick Answer: Is Early Puberty Genetic? - bepanahpyar.net
Adrenarche is usually normal in girls who are at least 8 years old, and boys who are at least 9 years old. Even when pubic and underarm hair appear in children younger than this, it is still usually nothing to worry about, but your child does need to see their pediatrician for an exam ...
https://bepanahpyar.net/qa/quick-answer-is-early-puberty-genetic.html
Infertility testsInfertility tests
Man progesterone normal range, effects on sexuality, and low progesterone treatment for males explained. Do men have progesterone hormone like women? Yes, men have much progesterone hormone as women in days of bleeding. Both estrogen and testosterone are produced from progesterone, and most sex hormones are made from cholesterol. Where is progesterone produced in males? Males produce most progesterone during testicular production of testosterone from testis and produced in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands after the onset of adrenarche in both males and females. To a lesser extent, progesterone is produced in nervous tissue, especially in the brain, and in adipose (fat) tissue, as.... ...
https://www.bloodtestsresults.com/category/infertility-tests/
NAVER Academic | 고등식물체에서 유년기의 생리적 특성NAVER Academic | 고등식물체에서 유년기의 생리적 특성
Common usage of the concept of juvenility implies that there is one physiological phase, the juvenile phase, which manifests itself in the various morphological and physiological phenomena observed in juvenile higher plants. The juvenile phase is often defined as that time from seed germination until the plant attains the ability to flower regulating such behaviour. This definition precludes plants from flowering in the juvenile phase. It is of major interest, therefore, to identify the physiological controls(Bluehreife) regulating such behavior. The length of the juvenile period in higher plants ranges from one year to over 60 years in different species. The long juvenile period of seedling is the main cause of the long duration of the breeding process. I determined the length of the juvenile period in various plants and its control of phase changes in natural system in relation to factors such as plant size and age, shoot morphology, apex size, root system and phytohormonal and nutritional
http://academic.naver.com/article.naver?doc_id=16803250
Compositing a Green Day Mix and Examining Motifs of Time as Being Pliable or Erroneous - Dolby...Compositing a Green Day Mix and Examining Motifs of Time as Being Pliable or Erroneous - Dolby...
Firstly, and this is a phenomenon Ive noticed with various artists such as Rivers Cuomo (the unabashedly Green Day-adoring) and Ted Leo, but its not unheard of for a discography to actually become less mature, or starkly FINAL, as it goes on. Consider, for instance, Weezer (1994) and The Tyranny of Distance. Listen to the wizened panic in St. John the Divine, or Say it Aint So. The tone is serious but more tellingly the issues are large-scale: reading, in the Ted Leo, as a bastion of spiritual solace, and simple domestic sanctuary for a person growing up (growing up too fast, that is), in Weezer.. Now, obviously, Leo should be contrasted sharply from Weezer in the ensuing projects for many reasons (note the juvenility Rivers Cuomo called his home persona, of course), but Leo did get punkier, the song structures on the later tunes more resemblant of the bratty Ramones or Sex Pistols (Shake the Sheets would be a good example of this), and the penchant for those longer conceptual forays of ...
http://dolbydisaster.com/?p=20246
Detection of insulin resistance and its treatment in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome<...Detection of insulin resistance and its treatment in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Detection of insulin resistance and its treatment in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. AU - Legro, Richard S.. PY - 2002. Y1 - 2002. N2 - Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) appears to be a lifelong disorder. The stigmata of insulin resistance, including obesity and premature adrenarche, may be early forms of its presentation. Girls with premature pubarche, characterized by elevated dehydroepiandrosterone levels and hyperinsulinemia, are at high risk for developing the full PCOS phenotype, including ovarian hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. Because PCOS is associated with a 40% prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance, every adolescent patient should be evaluated regularly for glucose intolerance with a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test and for lipid abnormalities with a fasting lipid profile. The role of insulin-sensitizing medications such as metformin in adolescents with PCOS is unclear; short-term studies suggest that these agents improve circulating androgens ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/detection-of-insulin-resistance-and-its-treatment-in-adolescents-
Precocious Puberty: When Puberty Starts Early - HealthyChildren.orgPrecocious Puberty: When Puberty Starts Early - HealthyChildren.org
Most times when puberty occurs early, it is merely a speeding up of the normal process; in other words, the alarm rings too early because the clock is running fast. Occasionally, puberty can start early because of an abnormality in the master gland (pituitary) or the portion of the brain that controls the pituitary (hypothalamus). This form of precocious puberty is called central precocious puberty, or CPP.. Rarely, puberty occurs early because the glands that make sex hormones, the ovaries in girls and the testes in boys, start working on their own, earlier than normal. This is called peripheral precocious puberty (PPP).. In both boys and girls, the adrenal glands, small glands that sit on top of the kidneys, can start producing weak male hormones called adrenal androgens at an early age, causing pubic and/or axillary hair and body odor before age 8, but this situation, called premature adrenarche, generally does not require any treatment.. Finally, exposure to estrogen- or androgen-containing ...
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/gradeschool/puberty/Pages/When-Puberty-Starts-Early.aspx
Phenotypic variability and origins of mutations in the gene encoding 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II. - The Christie...Phenotypic variability and origins of mutations in the gene encoding 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II. - The Christie...
Mutations in HSD3B2, the gene for 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II (3beta-HSD II) have been detected and activities analysed through the in vitro expression of mutant cDNAs. Two full sibs with male pseudohermaphroditism were found to be double heterozygotes: N100S/266DeltaA. This genotype leads to the most profound loss of 3beta-HSD II enzyme activity (1.3% of normal) described to date in cases without severe salt-loss. One sib (N100S/266DeltaA) is the first reported male case of type II deficiency affected with premature adrenarche. Three apparently independent kindreds had propositi affected with the HSD3B2 mutation A82T/A82T, which is associated with a non salt-losing phenotype with variable expressivity in females. These three families had the same extended HSD3B haplotype and are likely to have inherited the same ancestral mutation. The significance of this finding is discussed in the light of the presence of A82T mutation at a homologous position in pseudogene varphi5 that is ...
http://christie.openrepository.com/christie/handle/10541/90045
Pubarche | definition of pubarche by Medical dictionaryPubarche | definition of pubarche by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of pubarche in the Medical Dictionary? pubarche explanation free. What is pubarche? Meaning of pubarche medical term. What does pubarche mean?
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pubarche
Underarm hair - WikipediaUnderarm hair - Wikipedia
Underarm hair, also known as axillary hair, is the hair in the underarm area (axilla). Underarm hair, as human body hair, normally starts to appear at the beginning of puberty, with growth usually completed by the end of the teenage years. Axillary hair goes through 4 stages of development, driven by weak androgens produced by the adrenal in males and females during adrenarche, and testosterone from the testicle in males during puberty. Like Tanner Staging for pubic hair, axillary hair can be staged according to the staging system, named for Pediatric Endocrinologist, Dr. Joseph Wolfsdorf, as follows: Wolfsdorf Stage 1- no axillary hair Wolfsdorf Stage 2- scant axillary hair (usually coinciding with onset of adrenarche) Wolfsdorf Stage 3- coarse axillary hair, less than full-adult Wolfsdorf Stage 4- full adult axillary hair Staging a patients axillary hair will allow the physician to track the childs development longitudinally. The evolutionary significance of human underarm hair is still ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underarm_hair
Hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipaemia and cardiovascular risk in girls with a history of premature pubarche | SpringerLinkHyperinsulinaemia, dyslipaemia and cardiovascular risk in girls with a history of premature pubarche | SpringerLink
Girls with a history of premature pubarche, i. e. appearance of pubic hair before 8 years of age, show hyperinsulinism in response to an oral glucose tolerance test. As hyperinsulinaemia has a major r
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs001250051030
Thelarche, Pubarche, and Menarche Attainment in Children With Normal and Elevated Body Mass Index | Articles | PediatricsThelarche, Pubarche, and Menarche Attainment in Children With Normal and Elevated Body Mass Index | Articles | Pediatrics
This report provides normative estimates for the ages at which thelarche, pubarche, and menarche occur in US children with a normal BMI. These results indicate that, in the general population of children of normal weight, breast and sexual pubic hair development, both ascertained by inspection, are unusual before 8 years of age in girls, and pubarche is unusual before 10 years of age in boys, occurring in ,2%. However, adiposity and ethnicity are independently associated with earlier pubertal development in girls. An elevated BMI was associated with significantly greater odds of breasts appearing among younger girls, although the extent to which this is real (true breast tissue) or artifactual (adipomastia) is unknown. Excessive weight was clearly associated with significantly greater odds of earlier pubarche and menarche.. It is noteworthy that our analysis showed that an elevated BMI (≥85th percentile) was associated with significantly greater odds of attainment of thelarche and pubarche up ...
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/123/1/84?ijkey=a9dab0440236db582b9e7f98ed1356dcaf9f04a9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Adipokines: A gear shift in pubertyAdipokines: A gear shift in puberty
In this review, we discuss the role of adipokines in the onset of puberty in children with obesity during adrenarche and gonadarche and provide a clear and detailed overview of the biological processes of two major players, leptin and adiponectin. Adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, seem to induce an early onset of puberty in girls and boys with obesity by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Moreover, adipokines and their receptors are expressed in the gonads, suggesting a role in sexual maturation and reproduction. All in all, adipokines may be a clue in understanding mechanisms underlying the onset of puberty in childhood obesity and puberty onset variability ...
https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/220685
Female infertility treatment / Top clinic in Germany, FriedrichshafenFemale infertility treatment / Top clinic in Germany, Friedrichshafen
Professional doctors of gynecological department at Friedrichshafen Clinic provide successful treatment of various gynecological diseases: juvenility of reproductive organs, endometriosis, immunologic infertility, uterine tubes impassability etc. The department is headed by Hans-Walter Vollert, Dr. scient.med, who has more than 25 years of professional experience in gynecological treatment.
http://www.klinikum-friedrichshafen.com/en/ivf/female-infertility-treatment.php
Time-dependence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), and cortisol in survivors and non...Time-dependence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), and cortisol in survivors and non...
During early sepsis, cortisol levels (nmol/l) were higher in survivors than non-survivors (761 ± 120 vs 356 ± 78, P , 0.02) and they decreased in survivors (P , 0.009) during late sepsis. During early sepsis, DHEAS levels (% of age-matched normal levels) were significantly higher in survivors than non-survivors (80± 21 vs 18 ± 5, P , 0.009). They decreased in survivors (P = 0.0002) but remained low in non-survivors during late sepsis. In contrast, during early sepsis, DHEA levels (% of age-matched normal levels) were significantly elevated in survivors compared to non-survivors (289 ± 46 vs 123 ± 31, P , 0.007). They decreased in survivors (P = 0.002) but increased in non-survivors (P , 0.04) during late sepsis. ACTH levels did not significantly change. ...
https://ccforum.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/cc1690
bk | Bernhard Kleines Science Blog | Page 2bk | Bernhard Kleines Science Blog | Page 2
It has been a long standing mystery how the start of puberty is initiated. Fact is that menarche, the begin of active reproduction capacity is preceded by and a consequence of the adrenarche, the begin of androgen production in the adrenal gland. Puberty is characterized by the beginning of sporadic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses which in time become regular and finally acquire their one-in-two hour rhythm at the end of puberty.. A report in the Journal of Molecular Endocrinology by Abreu and colleagues from Boston and Sao Paulo has uncovered that the Makorin ring finger 3 (MKRN3) gene is mutated in cases of central precocious puberty (CPP) . CPP is diagnosed when the children enter into puberty much to early for their age. They analyzed the protein in more detail then and found the decline of MKRN3 expression in the arcuate nucleus (area of the hypothalamus to control GnRH secretion) is necessary for the increase of GnRH secretion. Without GnRH puberty can not take place. By which ...
http://b-kleine.com/author/bk/page/2/
MKRN3 | Bernhard Kleines Science BlogMKRN3 | Bernhard Kleines Science Blog
It has been a long standing mystery how the start of puberty is initiated. Fact is that menarche, the begin of active reproduction capacity is preceded by and a consequence of the adrenarche, the begin of androgen production in the adrenal gland. Puberty is characterized by the beginning of sporadic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) pulses which in time become regular and finally acquire their one-in-two hour rhythm at the end of puberty.. A report in the Journal of Molecular Endocrinology by Abreu and colleagues from Boston and Sao Paulo has uncovered that the Makorin ring finger 3 (MKRN3) gene is mutated in cases of central precocious puberty (CPP) . CPP is diagnosed when the children enter into puberty much to early for their age. They analyzed the protein in more detail then and found the decline of MKRN3 expression in the arcuate nucleus (area of the hypothalamus to control GnRH secretion) is necessary for the increase of GnRH secretion. Without GnRH puberty can not take place. By which ...
http://b-kleine.com/tag/mkrn3/
Gastenboek - Visagietotaal / AmersfoortGastenboek - Visagietotaal / Amersfoort
Interventions: Promoting Fair Diversional Activities · Question toddler and people in the matter of favorite types of activities to establish a baseline because developing felicitous choices during hospitalization KEY TERMS adrenarche constitutional hesitate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) exophthalmos goiter hemoglobin A1C hirsutism hormone hyperfunction hypofunction menarche polydipsia polyuria Learning Objectives Upon close of the chapter, the learner leave be able to: 1 An alternative to using the nomogram is to end the following formula: BSA (m2) = the na‹ve rootstock of (level centimeters] ? weight kilograms] divided beside 3,600) (Chordas & Graham, 2010) 0.4mg tamsulosin prostate 20 grams ...
http://visagietotaal.nl/gastenboek/?from=19860&select=1987
May 2019 | The Association for X and Y Chromosome VariationsMay 2019 | The Association for X and Y Chromosome Variations
Article Title: Oxandrolone Treatment Results in an Increased Risk of Gonadarche in Prepubertal Boys With Klinefelter Syndrome. Authors: Shanlee M. Davis, Najiba Lahlou, Matthew Cox-Martin, Karen Kowal, Philip S. Zeitler, and Judith L. Ross. Date of Publication: June 20, 2018. Two years of Ox[androlone] treatment in prepubertal boys with KS results in an increased risk of early gonadarche, on average 2 years earlier than in [placebo]-treated boys. Ox did not affect serum concentrations of testicular hormones.. Read more ...
https://genetic.org/2019/05/
Evo-devo of human adolescence: beyond disease models of early puberty | BMC Medicine | Full TextEvo-devo of human adolescence: beyond disease models of early puberty | BMC Medicine | Full Text
This review uses an evo-devo approach and life-history theory for understanding human adolescence and especially variation in the timing of reproductive maturation. Developmental and maturational traits that respond to environmental cues enhance fecundity-survival schedules and behavioral strategies that yield the highest fitness in a given environment.. Why is it that we have a unique adolescence phase, preceded by a juvenile phase and followed by a youth phase leading to such a delayed reproduction? Like other organisms, humans evolved to withstand environmental hardships by responding in ways that maintain evolutionary fitness, even if submaximal. The means to do this is a series of predictive adaptive responses that utilize the sensitive times of transitions from one life-history stage to the next, each assigned with its own domain. The transition from juvenility to adolescence is deferred when food supply is short, programming at the same time for later fecundity and fertility and for ...
https://0-bmcmedicine-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/1741-7015-11-113
NETBible: pubertyNETBible: puberty
N youth, juvenility, juvenescence, juniority, infancy, babyhood, childhood, boyhood, girlhood, youthhood, incunabula, minority, nonage, teens, tender age, bloom, cradle, nursery, leading strings, pupilage, puberty, pucelage, prime of life, flower of life, springtide of life, seedtime of life, golden season of life, heyday of youth, school days, rising generation, young, youthful, juvenile, green, callow, budding, sappy, puisne, beardless, under age, in ones teens, in statu pupillari, younger, junior, hebetic, unfledged, youth on the prow and pleasure at the helm, youth a the glad season of life ...
http://classic.net.bible.org/lexicon.php?word=puberty
Application of fiber-FISH in physical mapping of Arabidopsis thalianaApplication of fiber-FISH in physical mapping of Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana has become a model plant species for genetic studies because of its small genome and short juvenility period. However, the small chromosomes of this species are not suitable for classical cytogenetic studies. Here we demonstrate that the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9796106/?dopt=Abstract
Cushings & Cancer: July 2009Cushings & Cancer: July 2009
In infants with failure to thrive, salt wasting and (most obviously in baby girls with clitoromegaly, fused labia, and a persistent urogenital sinus) congenital adrenal hyperplasia must be ruled out. The same is true in boys who present with pseudoprecocious puberty and in older girls with signs and symptoms of hyperandrogenism, although, in teenage girls, polycystic ovary is the most common cause.. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be reliably diagnosed with a dexamethasone suppression test. Apart from a few rare causes of hyperandrogenism including exaggerated adrenarche secondary to adrenal hyperresponsiveness to ACTH, hyperprolactinemia, and acromegaly, congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the only virilizing condition in which androgen secretion is suppressed by dexamethasone. ACTH levels can be used to confirm the diagnosis if it is still questionable. An increase in plasma 17-OHP to more than 1200 ng/dL at 60 minutes in response to an IV injection of 250 mcg of cosyntropin is diagnostic of ...
http://cushingshelp.blogspot.com/2009/07/
Androstenedione - WikipediaAndrostenedione - Wikipedia
Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and of estrone. It is closely related to androstenediol (androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol). Androstenedione is a precursor of testosterone and other androgens, as well as of estrogens like estrone, in the body. In addition to functioning as an endogenous prohormone, androstenedione also has weak androgenic activity in its own right. Androstenedione has been found to possess some estrogenic activity, similarly to other DHEA metabolites. However, in contrast to androstenediol, its affinity for the estrogen receptors is very low, with less than 0.01% of the affinity of estradiol for both the ERα and ERβ. In children aged 6 to 8 years old, there is a rise in androstenedione secretion along with DHEA during adrenarche. This rise in androstenedione and DHEA is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedione
when does pubic hair begin appearing | Answers from Doctors | HealthTapwhen does pubic hair begin appearing | Answers from Doctors | HealthTap
when does pubic hair begin appearing? Answered by Dr. Simon Kimm: Puberty (pubarche): Pubic hair is a secondary sexual characteristic th...
https://www.healthtap.com/q/when-does-pubic-hair-begin-appearing/
Spina Bifida Research Bibliography: A cross-sectional study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in prepubertal children with...Spina Bifida Research Bibliography: A cross-sectional study of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in prepubertal children with...
mean +/- SD): Basal DHEAS levels correlated with chronological age (CA) (r = 0.32, p , 0.05), BA (r = 0.65, p , 0.01; n = 23), BMI (r = 0.54, p , 0.01) and pubic hair stage (PH1 vs. PH2-4, r = 0.49, p , 0.01). 10/11 patients aged 2-4 years had DHEAS levels in the normal range, whereas 18/40 (45.0%) of the 5- to 9-year-old patients showed elevated levels (,+2 SDS). Ten patients with isolated pubarche (10/13; 2 m, 8 f; CA 8.3 +/- 1.5 years) and 9 patients without pubarche (9/41; 6 m, 3 f; CA 6.9 +/- 2.1 years) had elevated DHEAS levels (+6.34 and +4.05 SDS, respectively). The values correlated with BA/CA ratio (p , 0.05, n = 23). There was a trend to higher BMI SDS levels in patients with elevated DHEAS levels ...
http://spina-bifida-bibliography.blogspot.com/2013/07/a-cross-sectional-study-of.html
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - Endocrinology Consultants, P.C.Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - Endocrinology Consultants, P.C.
3. Androgens, which are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics (adrenarche) in both males and females.. All three of these adrenal hormones are necessary for normal body functioning in both males and females. In patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, the adrenal glands typically produce too little cortisol and aldosterone, while producing too much of the androgen hormones. Excess levels of androgens can cause atypical genitalia, growth abnormalities, early puberty, and problems with fertility. All infants born in the United States are screened for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia shortly after birth. If your child is diagnosed with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, additional tests including blood tests and imaging tests, such as X-rays or ultrasounds, are often done. Ultimately, genetic testing is used to confirm the diagnosis.. CAH is a condition that requires long-term follow-up and monitoring. The treatment involves life-long cortisol with or without ...
https://www.endocrinewellness.com/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia/
pubic hair - Symptoms, Treatments and Resources for pubic hairpubic hair - Symptoms, Treatments and Resources for pubic hair
pubic hair - MedHelps pubic hair Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for pubic hair. Find pubic hair information, treatments for pubic hair and pubic hair symptoms.
https://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/15454/pubic-hair
Healthreason | Health related informationHealthreason | Health related information
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome often presents in adolescence, with irregular menstrual cycles, acne, or too much body hair. It is likely that PCOS develops during childhood and puberty when excessive amounts of fat are stored. That excessive weight gain overexposes the ovaries to insulin, causing them to stop ovulating and start releasing male hormones, resulting in PCOS. Recently, a study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism indicated that metformin may prevent or delay the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescence. The goal of the study was to compare the efficacy of early versus late metformin treatment to prevent adolescent PCOS in girls at high risk of developing PCOS because of a combined history of low(-normal) birth weight (LBW) and precocious pubarche (PP) - the appearance of physical and hormonal signs of pubertal development at an earlier age than is considered normal. Continue reading →. ...
http://www.healthreason.com
TCDB » SEARCHTCDB » SEARCH
2.A.60 The Organo Anion Transporter (OAT) Family. Proteins of the OAT family (solute carrier family 21 (previously called SLC21A; more recently designated SLCO by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (B. Hagenbuch, personal communication))) catalyze the Na+-independent facilitated transport of fairly large amphipathic organic anions (and less frequently neutral or cationic drugs) such as bromosulfobromophthalein, prostaglandins, conjugated and unconjugated bile acids (taurocholate and cholate, respectively), steroid conjugates such as estrone-sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (Rižner et al. 2017), thyroid hormones, anionic oligopeptides, drugs, toxins and other xenobiotics (Hong 2013). Among the well characterized substrates are numerous drugs including statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, antibiotics, antihistaminics, antihypertensives and anticancer drugs (Hagenbuch and Stieger 2013). There are six mammalian OAT families (Hagenbuch and ...
http://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=2.A.60
Removing Pubic Hair | Center for Young Womens HealthRemoving Pubic Hair | Center for Young Womens Health
Removing pubic hair is a personal preference. Some girls trim their pubic hair, or go to a salon to have a bikini wax; others prefer to shave just about every day, but most just leave it alone. Its not necessary to remove the hair in this area to keep your body clean. In fact, there are no health benefits to removing pubic hair.. Shaving: Some girls say that shaving pubic hair is high maintenance because the hair usually grows back in just a couple of days. In the meantime, your genital area can feel itchy and prickly because the skin in this area is very sensitive.. Shaving doesnt make the hair grow back thicker; this is just a myth. However, if you want to keep the area hairless and smooth, youll need to invest in good tools such as: scissors, razor, shaving cream or gel, or your own electric razor, and plan on shaving every couple of days.. Over-the-counter depilatories or cream hair removers: This method of hair removal is painless, but its important to be aware that not all ...
https://youngwomenshealth.org/2013/08/22/removing-pubic-hair/
Virgin shows pubic hair - Revitol Hair Removal Cream - Jul 17, 2017Virgin shows pubic hair - Revitol Hair Removal Cream - Jul 17, 2017
Virgin shows pubic hair - Virgin Pubic Hair, Virgin Pubic Hair Suppliers and .... Revitol provides discount natural health and beauty products manufacturer direct to our customers. Find your favorite health supplements and natural beauty products here.
http://hairremovalcream.herbalyzer.com/virgin-shows-pubic-hair.html
Removing Pubic Hair | GirlsFeel - Girls HelathRemoving Pubic Hair | GirlsFeel - Girls Helath
Removing pubic hair is a personal preference. Some girls trim their pubic hair, or go to a salon to have a bikini wax; others prefer to shave just about every
http://www.girlsfeel.com/1961/removing-pubic-hair
Why you shouldnt shave your pubic hair……..Punch News | NewszentsWhy you shouldnt shave your pubic hair……..Punch News | Newszents
When it comes to personal hygiene, one major aspect that has been trailed by diverse reactions is the issue of keeping or doing away with pubic hair, the hair that grows in the frontal genital area of humans, located on and around the sex organs of both male and female.. To some, nothing else nauseates like seeing hair in their partners private part, while some people are delighted by it as the sight of it is even a major turn-on for them, and to some others, it really does not matter whether the hair is kept intact or not.. To Mr. Johnson Agbede, a lecturer in his mid 50s, there are a few other things that are as disgusting as seeing a hairy private part. You know how it feels when you see thick (sometimes coloured) hair in someones armpit? That is the way I feel when I imagine anyone keeping his or her pubic hair. My wife knows and she dares not keep it. I dont keep mine too and I make sure I shave every Saturday, he added.. Agbede, who is a father of three, said he believes the hair ...
http://newszents.com/uncategorized/why-you-shouldnt-shave-your-pubic-hair-punch-news/
Ask the Sexpert: Pubic Hair | The PrincetonianAsk the Sexpert: Pubic Hair | The Princetonian
Dear Sexpert, I normally let my pubic hair grow naturally and give it a trim every now and then. But lately, Ive been thinking about getting it all removed. When I talked to my friends about it, we couldnt decide on the best hair removal process. Is it better to wax or shave down there? Are there any drawbacks to removing the hair?
http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/article/2016/12/sexpert-hair
Three Reasons to Grow Your Pubic HairThree Reasons to Grow Your Pubic Hair
2014 may have been the year of the nipple (#FreeTheNipple), but 2015 is definitely the year of the bush (#PubeGame). Pubic hair is so popular right now, its vogue. From mild to moderate tuffs, harbou...
http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/carlen-costa/grow-pubic-hair_b_6582172.html
My pubic hair is turning greyMy pubic hair is turning grey
For the last six months I have noticed that my pubic hair is rapidly turning grey and straightening. Its now 70 per cent grey. I am very worrie...
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ask-the-expert/skin-and-hair/a10724/my-pubic-hair-is-turning-grey/
Grey or white pubic hair around - Herbal Revitol Anti-Aging Solutions - Aug 20, 2017Grey or white pubic hair around - Herbal Revitol Anti-Aging Solutions - Aug 20, 2017
Grey or white pubic hair around - Pubic Crab - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Revitol Complete is a cutting edge anti wrinkle solution which can help you look younger and more beautiful by reducing the appearance of wrinkles, fine lines and other effects of aging.
http://antiaging.herbalyzer.com/grey-or-white-pubic-hair-around.html
Thinning Pubic Hair Is A Part Of Aging - tribunedigital-orlandosentinelThinning Pubic Hair Is A Part Of Aging - tribunedigital-orlandosentinel
DEAR DR. REINISCH: I am a 55-year-old woman who is single and dating some. My pubic hair is disappearing, and it is a source of embarrassment to me. I would like to have an intimate relationship
http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-04-20/lifestyle/9304170405_1_sperm-dear-reader-fertility
Pubic Hair | The Doctors TV ShowPubic Hair | The Doctors TV Show
Whether its shaving, waxing, depilatories or laser treatments, keeping things trim down there has both aesthetic and hygienic benefits. Learn the latest treatments and trends for grooming the pubic region.
https://www.thedoctorstv.com/articles/519-pubic-hair
Developmental Issues at 16 - T Replacement - Forums - T NationDevelopmental Issues at 16 - T Replacement - Forums - T Nation
Before Im told that Im being a *****, please do hear me out. You can do so at the end if need be. Consensus has it that teens are supposed to be close to the peak of their lives and have massive energy. I dont feel any of that and am tired more than I have any right to be. This will be a very long winded post, but if you took the time for any insight, I would be so very grateful. -age: 16 and 3 months -511 -32 waist -163 pounds, 13-15% bodyfat - pubic hair is dense, moderate leg hair...
https://forums.t-nation.com/t/developmental-issues-at-16/186040
Adrenal glandAdrenal gland
AdrenarcheEdit. Main article: Adrenarche. During early childhood androgen synthesis and secretion remain low, but several years ... Adrenarche is independent of ACTH or gonadotropins and correlates with a progressive thickening of the zona reticularis layer ... Functionally, adrenarche provides a source of androgens for the development of axillary and pubic hair before the beginning of ... These changes are part of a process called adrenarche, which has only been described in humans and some other primates. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland
Adrenal glandAdrenal gland
Functionally, adrenarche provides a source of androgens for the development of axillary and pubic hair before the beginning of ... Adrenarche is independent of ACTH or gonadotropins and correlates with a progressive thickening of the zona reticularis layer ... Hornsby, PJ (2012). "Adrenarche: a cell biological perspective". The Journal of Endocrinology. 214 (2): 113-119. doi:10.1530/ ... Rege, J; Rainey, WE (2012). "The steroid metabolome of adrenarche". The Journal of Endocrinology. 214 (2): 133-143. doi:10.1530 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland
XX male syndromeXX male syndrome
Witchel, Selma Feldman; Topaloglu, A. Kemal (1 January 2019). "Chapter 17 - Puberty: Gonadarche and Adrenarche". Yen and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX_male_syndrome
Underarm hairUnderarm hair
Adrenal gland Adrenarche Ferriman-Gallwey score Hirsutism Puberty Tanner staging Auchus, Richard J.; Rainey, William E. (1 ... driven by weak androgens produced by the adrenal in males and females during adrenarche, and testosterone from the testicle in ... usually coinciding with onset of adrenarche) Wolfsdorf Stage 3- coarse axillary hair, less than full-adult Wolfsdorf Stage 4- ... March 2004). "Adrenarche - physiology, biochemistry and human disease". Clinical Endocrinology. 60 (3): 288-296. doi:10.1046/j. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underarm_hair
GonadarcheGonadarche
... should be contrasted with adrenarche. Gonadarche indicates that true central puberty has begun, while adrenarche is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadarche
Patterson syndromePatterson syndrome
One other case has shown premature adrenarche.[citation needed] Zach Samson (July 1, 2006). "Dr. Patterson, influential past ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patterson_syndrome
Prader-Willi syndromePrader-Willi syndrome
Adrenarche may be treated with hormone replacement therapy. PWS is commonly associated with development of strabismus. In one ... This is manifested as undescended testes in males and benign premature adrenarche in females. Testes may descend with time or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prader–Willi_syndrome
PubarchePubarche
Premature adrenarche is the most common cause of premature pubarche. Early occurrences can arise due to congenital adrenal ... When adrenarche, central puberty, and all pathologic conditions have been excluded, the term isolated premature pubarche is ... The average age for females varies between 12 and 14, and for males, about 13-15.[citation needed] Adrenarche Androgens ... First (and often transient) pubic hair resulting from adrenarche may appear between ages 10-12 preceding puberty. During ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubarche
PubertyPuberty
... is preceded by adrenarche, marking an increase of adrenal androgen production between ages 6-10. Adrenarche is ... Adrenal maturation, termed adrenarche, typically precedes gonadarche in mid-childhood. Neurokinin B (a tachykinin peptide) and ... The first androgenic hair resulting from adrenarche can be also transient and disappear before the onset of true puberty. The ... Rising levels of adrenal androgens (termed adrenarche) can usually be detected between 6 and 11 years of age, even before the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty
ThelarcheThelarche
Adrenarche Gonadarche Gynecomastia Menarche Pubarche De Silva, Nirupama K. (April 2018). "Breast development and disorders in ... adrenarche, pubarche, vaginal discharge, and bone growth, while premature thelarche is identified by the sole presence of early ... Part III-Premature Thelarche and Premature Adrenarche. Variations of Normal?". The Endocrinologist. 11 (3): 196-203. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thelarche
21-Hydroxylase21-Hydroxylase
While symptoms are usually diagnosed after puberty, children may present with premature adrenarche. Steroidogenic enzyme ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-Hydroxylase
Late onset congenital adrenal hyperplasiaLate onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia
While symptoms are usually diagnosed after puberty, children may present with premature adrenarche. The degree of hormonal ... September 2012). "Genetic defects in the cyp21a2 gene in heterozygous girls with premature adrenarche and adolescent females ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_onset_congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivityGonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity
The presence of pubic hair suggests GnRH insensitivity because normal adrenarche still occurs; in comparison, both adrenarche ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_insensitivity
Attachment theoryAttachment theory
Adrenarche is proposed as the endocrine mechanism underlying the reorganization of insecure attachment in middle childhood. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attachment_theory
Walter L. Miller (endocrinologist)Walter L. Miller (endocrinologist)
Implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 92 (23): 10619 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_L._Miller_(endocrinologist)
CYP17A1CYP17A1
... implications for adrenarche and the polycystic ovary syndrome". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP17A1
SpermarcheSpermarche
Adrenarche Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Cultural Approach, Jeffrey Jensen Arnett, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 3rd edition, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermarche
AndrostenedioneAndrostenedione
In children aged 6 to 8 years old, there is a rise in androstenedione secretion along with DHEA during adrenarche. This rise in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstenedione
XenoestrogenXenoestrogen
However, thelarche, adrenarche, and linear growth[clarification needed] can occur simultaneously and although uncommon, ... adrenarche) usually appears 2 years later. Onset of menstruation (menarche) is a late event (median 12.8 years), occurring ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoestrogen
AggressionAggression
Circulating DHEAS (its sulfated ester) levels rise during adrenarche (≈7 years of age) while plasma testosterone levels are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggression
Adrenal cortexAdrenal cortex
Cushing's syndrome Cushing's disease Conn's syndrome Adrenocortical carcinoma Adrenarche Adrenopause "Embryology of the adrenal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_cortex
Bone ageBone age
The bone age is often marginally advanced with premature adrenarche, when a child is overweight from a young age or when a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_age
pituitary glandpituitary gland
... associated with relatively early adrenarche) and traits associated with social anxiety.[11] Children who experience early ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland
AdultAdult
... followed by adrenarche (growth of pubic hair due to androgen stimulation), peak height velocity, and finally menarche (the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adulthood
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfateDehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
They remain low during childhood until adrenarche around 6 to 8 years of age, at which point they markedly increase, eventually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate
Infantile acneInfantile acne
... and testosterone of testicular origin that stops after this period until adrenarche. Girls do not experience this. Genetics and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infantile_acne
DehydroepiandrosteroneDehydroepiandrosterone
... demonstrating the role of DHEA and other androgens in body hair development at both adrenarche and pubarche. DHEA is a weak ... are responsible for the androgenic effects of adrenarche, such as early pubic and axillary hair growth, adult-type body odor, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone
List of skin conditionsList of skin conditions
Myxedema Panhypopituitarism Persistent adrenarche syndrome (adrenal SAHA syndrome) Polycystic ovarian syndrome Seborrhoea-acne- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions
FinasterideFinasteride
In a study of 89 women with hyperandrogenism due to persistent adrenarche syndrome, finasteride produced a 93% reduction in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finasteride
Adrenarche - WikipediaAdrenarche - Wikipedia
Adrenarche is the result of the development of a new zone of the adrenal cortex, the zona reticularis. Adrenarche is a process ... Adrenarche occurs in only a small number of primates, and only chimpanzees and gorillas show a pattern of adrenarche ... Levels of corticosteroids like cortisol do not change with adrenarche. An initiator of adrenarche has not yet been identified. ... have an earlier onset of adrenarche, which raises the possibility that timing of adrenarche may be affected by physiological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenarche
Persistent adrenarche syndrome - WikipediaPersistent adrenarche syndrome - Wikipedia
Persistent adrenarche syndrome is a cutaneous condition seen typically in thin young women who report great psychological and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_adrenarche_syndrome
Adrenarche: Physiology, Biochemistry and Human DiseaseAdrenarche: Physiology, Biochemistry and Human Disease
At adrenarche, the expression of CPR increases in all zones of the adrenal, which should increase both activities of the CYP17 ... At adrenarche, the zona reticularis begins to expand, and 3βHSD2 content falls, restricting steroidogenesis to the Δ5-pathway. ... Adrenarche and Steroidogenesis. CYP11A performs the first committed step common to all cells that synthesize steroid hormones: ... As adrenarche progresses, the expanding zona reticularis expresses high amounts of b 5 (Fig. 2). ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/470730_3
Adrenarche: Physiology, Biochemistry and Human DiseaseAdrenarche: Physiology, Biochemistry and Human Disease
The onset of DHEA-S production from the adrenal zona reticularis leads to the phenomenon of adrenarche. Adrenarche occurs only ... The phenomenon of adrenarche is unique to human beings and to some Old World primates, and a reversal of adrenarche appears to ... thus increasing the clinical relevance of adrenarche. The physiological triggers of adrenarche and the role(s) of DHEA-S remain ... Adrenarche refers to the onset of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulphate (DHEA-S) production from the adrenal zona ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/470730
AdrenarcheAdrenarche
... refers to a stage of maturation of the cortex of the human adrenal glands. It typically occurs between ... Premature adrenarche. Premature adrenarche is the most common cause of the early appearance of pubic hair ("premature pubarche ... Role of adrenarche as part of puberty. An initiator of adrenarche has not yet been identified. Researchers have unsuccessfully ... Structural and functional changes of adrenarche. Structural changes of adrenarche include increased size and mass of the ...
https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Adrenarche.html
Premature Adrenarche Treatments | Boston Childrens HospitalPremature Adrenarche Treatments | Boston Children's Hospital
Learn more about Premature Adrenarche treatments from experts at Boston Childrens, ranked best Childrens Hospital by US News. ... Treatments for Premature Adrenarche in Children. Premature adrenarche doesnt require treatment. However, it will cause your ...
http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/p/premature-adrenarche/treatments
Testing & Diagnosis for Premature Adrenarche | Boston Childrens HospitalTesting & Diagnosis for Premature Adrenarche | Boston Children's Hospital
Learn more about Premature Adrenarche testing and diagnosis from experts at Boston Childrens, ranked best Childrens Hospital ... How is premature adrenarche diagnosed? If your child is showing symptoms of premature adrenarche, her healthcare provider may ... Testing & Diagnosis for Premature Adrenarche in Children. Tests ...
http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/p/premature-adrenarche/testing-and-diagnosis
The timing of the onset of adrenarche in Pakistani boys | ICEECE2012The timing of the onset of adrenarche in Pakistani boys | ICEECE2012
Adrenarche is a normal maturational event that in humans occurs at around 6 8 years of age. During adrenarche, a new zone of ... and DHEAS and T at adrenarche. We report here that the age of adrenarche in Pakistani boys is 7 years. ... The timing of the onset of adrenarche in Pakistani boys. F. Bibi1, A. Naseem1, S. Aslam2, M. Irfan1, F. Tahir3, M. Qayyum1, R. ... The present study was aimed at unraveling the age of the onset of adrenarche in Pakistani boys. The history of the boys of 1 10 ...
https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0029/ea0029p485
Serum anti-mullerian hormone is elevated in girls with exaggerated adrenarche | SFEBES2007Serum anti-mullerian hormone is elevated in girls with exaggerated adrenarche | SFEBES2007
Serum anti-mullerian hormone is elevated in girls with exaggerated adrenarche. WF Paterson1, R Fleming2, SF Ahmed1 & AM Wallace ... r=−0.264) and between AMH and DHAS (r=−0.372) in the girls with adrenarche. Interestingly, the AMH concentration in the ... Median AMH in the girls with exaggerated adrenarche was 15.1 pmol/L, significantly higher than found in 5 8 year-old girls who ... Serum AMH (pmol/L) was measured by immunoassay (DSL Elisa) in 25 girls with clinical signs of exaggerated adrenarche [median ( ...
https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0013/ea0013p260.htm
Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature...Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature...
We also tested whether these parameters contribute to inducing premature adrenarche (PA).. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study, ... We also tested whether these parameters contribute to inducing premature adrenarche (PA).. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study, ... IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche. European Journal of Endocrinology, ... IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/111630/
The Urinary Steroid Signature of Premature Adrenarche | ESPE2019The Urinary Steroid Signature of Premature Adrenarche | ESPE2019
... of adrenarche is just appearing earlier in girls with premature adrenarche or earlier and different compared to adrenarche at ... Background: Adrenarche describes the developmental event of the human adrenal cortex when the zona reticularis increases the ... Results: Girls with premature adrenarche were heavier (median weight 26.2±4.5 kg) than controls (21.5±3.4 kg) and had a higher ... The Urinary Steroid Signature of Premature Adrenarche. Marco Janner1, Grit Sommer1, Michael Groessl1, Christa Flück2. ...
https://abstracts.eurospe.org/hrp/0092/hrp0092p1-164
Changes in carotid artery sonogram in premature adrenarche - Fingerprint - UC DavisChanges in carotid artery sonogram in premature adrenarche - Fingerprint - UC Davis
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Changes in carotid artery sonogram in premature adrenarche. Together they form a ... Changes in carotid artery sonogram in premature adrenarche. Revi P. Mathew, Marta Hernanz-Schulman, Wenli Wang, Benjamin ...
https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/changes-in-carotid-artery-sonogram-in-premature-adrenarche/fingerprints/
Evaluation and Referral of Children With Signs of Early Puberty | From the American Academy of Pediatrics | PediatricsEvaluation and Referral of Children With Signs of Early Puberty | From the American Academy of Pediatrics | Pediatrics
Premature Adrenarche. Adrenarche, an adrenal maturational event associated with an increase in secretion of DHEA and its more ... premature adrenarche. PCP - primary care physician. PROS - Pediatric Research in Office Settings Network. PT - premature ... The most common of these signs of early puberty are premature adrenarche (early onset of pubic hair and/or body odor), ... In children with premature adrenarche, bone age advancement by 2 or more years is common and generally benign. J Pediatr ...
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2015/12/11/peds.2015-3732
Follow-up of Growth and Puberty in Girls and Boys with Premature Adrenarche | ESPE2016Follow-up of Growth and Puberty in Girls and Boys with Premature Adrenarche | ESPE2016
Background: Premature adrenarche (PA) has been linked with early pubertal development, but only few longitudinal studies on PA ... Follow-up of Growth and Puberty in Girls and Boys with Premature Adrenarche. Jani Liimattaa, Pauliina Utriainenc, Raimo ... Follow-up of Growth and Puberty in Girls and Boys with Premature Adrenarche (. ...
https://abstracts.eurospe.org/hrp/0086/hrp0086p1-p35
Pediatrics Help - Forums and Discussions - MedHelp - Page 5Pediatrics Help - Forums and Discussions - MedHelp - Page 5
2 yr old daughter(preemie) with premature adrenarche(extreme body odor) and 1 year advanced bone age. Hormone levels normal ...
https://www.medhelp.org/forums/Pediatrics/show/153?page=5
Lipoprotein(a) levels in girls with premature adrenarche. | PubFactsLipoprotein(a) levels in girls with premature adrenarche. | PubFacts
The girls with premature adrenarche (PA) were shown to share similar hormonal/metabolic properties with PCOS. We compared Lp(a ... Lipoprotein(a) levels in girls with premature adrenarche.. Authors:. Nesibe Andiran Nursen Yordam ...
https://www.pubfacts.com/detail/18307419/Lipoproteina-levels-in-girls-with-premature-adrenarche
Medical Issues A-ZMedical Issues A-Z
Adrenarche. "Adrenarche" is the term for the development of sexual hair - underarms, genital, and facial hair. In childhood, ... See Adrenarche for another hormone finding which is not the result of the previously described abnormalities. ...
https://www.pwsausa.org/medical-issues-a-z/
Adrenal gland - WikipediaAdrenal gland - Wikipedia
AdrenarcheEdit. Main article: Adrenarche. During early childhood androgen synthesis and secretion remain low, but several years ... Adrenarche is independent of ACTH or gonadotropins and correlates with a progressive thickening of the zona reticularis layer ... Functionally, adrenarche provides a source of androgens for the development of axillary and pubic hair before the beginning of ... These changes are part of a process called adrenarche, which has only been described in humans and some other primates. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland
Microsoft word - review. normal and premature adrenarche. manuscript alicia belgorosky.docMicrosoft word - review. normal and premature adrenarche. manuscript alicia belgorosky.doc
normal and premature adrenarche. manuscript alicia belgorosky.doc. NORMAL AND PREMATURE ADRENARCHE Alicia Belgorosky; María ... The mechanism behind precocious adrenarche is as intriguing as that behind normal adrenarche. From a cel ular perspective, ... However, many questions remain with incomplete answers, such as, 1) the mechanisms of adrenarche and premature adrenarche, 2) ... 3. Premature adrenarche. ONE-YEAR-OLD ADRENAL GLAND cell proliferation Aldosterone z. glomerulosa Cortisol Androstenedione z. ...
http://health-articles.net/e/endopedonline.com.ar1.html
Genetic variation of FTO and TCF7L2 in premature adrenarche. - PubMed - NCBIGenetic variation of FTO and TCF7L2 in premature adrenarche. - PubMed - NCBI
Premature adrenarche (PA) has been associated with increased body mass index. Our aim was to determine whether the obesity- ... Genetic variation of FTO and TCF7L2 in premature adrenarche.. Lappalainen S1, Voutilainen R, Utriainen P, Laakso M, ...
https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=44898
Tips From Other Journals - American Family PhysicianTips From Other Journals - American Family Physician
This finding alters the previous definition of premature adrenarche, which has been defined as the growth of pubic hair in ... Characteristics of Benign Premature Adrenarche. Sparse to moderate development of pubic hair ... Characteristics of Benign Premature Adrenarche. Sparse to moderate development of pubic hair ...
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2000/0915/p1406.html
Low prevalence of organic pathology in a predominantly black population with premature adrenarche: need to stratify definitions...Low prevalence of organic pathology in a predominantly black population with premature adrenarche: need to stratify definitions...
... premature adrenarche. Premature adrenarche is more common among black girls compared to white girls and other racial groups. ... Two hundred and seventy three subjects had signs of early adrenarche. Three subjects were found to have CAH (2 with NCCAH and 1 ... Few studies have been done to evaluate a largely black population with premature adrenarche to assess the incidence of adrenal ... Adrenal pathology such as NCCAH is less common as a cause for premature adrenarche compared with idiopathic premature ...
https://ijpeonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13633-020-0075-8/tables/3
Link Between Body Fat and the Timing of Puberty | SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES | PediatricsLink Between Body Fat and the Timing of Puberty | SUPPLEMENT ARTICLES | Pediatrics
Remer T, Manz F. Role of nutritional status in the regulation of adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.1999;84(11) :3936- 3944. ... A preliminary study of 7 US girls with premature adrenarche and 8 age-matched control subjects showed a higher BMI and a ... Human Studies That Link Leptin, Puberty, Adrenarche, and Body Fat. As the role of leptin in rodent physiology was being ... Charkaluk ML, Trivin C, Brauner R. Premature pubarche as an indicator of how body weight influences the onset of adrenarche. ...
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/121/Supplement_3/S208
Adrenarche in Egyptian children with beta-thalassemia major | Virtual Health Sciences LibraryAdrenarche in Egyptian children with beta-thalassemia major | Virtual Health Sciences Library
Adrenarche in Egyptian children with beta-thalassemia major El Beshlawy Amal; Affiliation. Cairo University ; , Faculty of ... Citation: Amal El Beshlawy , Adrenarche in Egyptian children with beta-thalassemia major, New Egypt. J. Med. 1989; 3 (4): 1013- ... with age starting from 5 to 13 years in order to detect the abrupt rise in DHEAS characteristic of the onset of adrenarche, i. ...
https://vlibrary.emro.who.int/965946
Male Tanner StageMale Tanner Stage
Sexual Development Benign Premature Adrenarche Pubertal Delay Precocious Puberty Causes Female Tanner Stage Precocious Puberty ... Stage: Tanner 3 (Adrenarche) *Height increases at accelerated rate: 7-8 cm/year ...
https://fpnotebook.com/endo/Exam/MlTnrStg.htm
Helsebiblioteket.noHelsebiblioteket.no
Premature adrenarche. … platform pmsdexamethasone polycystic porphyria porphyrias porphyritic portosystemic precocious ...
https://www.helsebiblioteket.no/sok?q=Prematur+ovarialsvikt
Metabolic and hormonal assessment of adolescent and young adult women with prior premature adrenarche | Clinics Metabolic and hormonal assessment of adolescent and young adult women with prior premature adrenarche | Clinics
Premature adrenarche - a common condition with variable presentation.. Horm Res Paediatr 83((4)), 221-31. ... Premature adrenarche - normal variant or forerunner of adult disease?.. Endocr Rev 21((6)), 671-96. ... The molecular basis of premature adrenarche: an hypothesis.. Acta Paediatr Suppl 88((433)), 60-6. ... Metabolic and hormonal assessment of adolescent and young adult women with prior premature adrenarche * Flávia Alves Ribeiro ...
http://www.revistas.usp.br/clinics/article/view/159387
Puberty: Onset and ProgressionPuberty: Onset and Progression
Normal Variants: Premature Adrenarche and Premature Thelarche. Premature adrenarche from elevated adrenal androgens can cause ... Another important component of puberty is adrenarche, which is the release of hormones from the adrenal gland.5,7. This process ... There is a small percentage of premature adrenarche that is caused by nonclassical (mild) CAH or an adrenal or gonadal tumor, ... In general though, there are no health problems associated with premature adrenarche.5. Some recent studies do suggest that ...
https://www.healio.com/pediatrics/journals/pedann/2019-4-48-4/%7Ba4cd1bb1-59d8-4fab-b946-d19af032e00a%7D/puberty-onset-and-progression
Evo-Devo of Child Growth: Treatise on Child Growth and Human Evolution | Human Evolution | Evolution | Life Sciences | Subjects...Evo-Devo of Child Growth: Treatise on Child Growth and Human Evolution | Human Evolution | Evolution | Life Sciences | Subjects...
c. Adrenarche. d. Juvenile body composition. e. Growth of the juvenile. f. Trade-offs for the timing of transition to ...
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Evo+Devo+of+Child+Growth%3A+Treatise+on+Child+Growth+and+Human+Evolution-p-9781118156148
PubarchePubertyThelarcheOnset of adrenarcheBody odorZona reticularisAndrogensAppearance of pubic hairMaturationIncluding polycystic ovary syOccursGonadarcheIncrease in adrenal androgenCongenital adrenal hypHormonalDHEASSecretionPhysiologicalOccurGirls with clinical signsAdvanced developmentalAndrostenedioneFuture onsetSyndromeDHASMetabolitesBiosynthesisSteroidogenesisDevelopmentIncreasesYearsTriggersPrepubertalChildrenAdolescentDHEAACTHCYP21A2
Pubarche8
  • The phenotypic result of adrenarche is pubarche or the development of axillary and pubic hair that occurs in both girls and boys at about age 8. (medscape.com)
  • Premature adrenarche is the most common cause of the early appearance of pubic hair ("premature pubarche") in childhood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pubarche has often been taken as the clinical sign of adrenarche, therefore, the terms adrenarche and pubarche have been usual y used as synonyms (15,33). (health-articles.net)
  • However, dissociation between pubarche and biochemical markers of adrenarche can occur in girls with precocious puberty, who have pubarche long before adrenarche (34-35). (health-articles.net)
  • Pubarche and adrenarche are dissociated in classic CAH: earlier pubarche, gonadarche and thelarche, respectively, in both sexes contrast with the absence of typical adrenarche. (figshare.com)
  • We aimed to obtain normative data on dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S) secretion in healthy children and to evaluate the age of adrenarche, pubarche and the DHEA-S levels at which pubarche starts in both sexes. (marmara.edu.tr)
  • The term adrenarche is often used interchangeably with pubarche, as the main clinical sign of adrenarche is pubic hair growth. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • These terms include premature thelarche, premature adrenarche, premature pubarche and premature menarche. (rarediseases.org)
Puberty17
  • Adrenarche is a process related to puberty, but distinct from hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis) maturation and function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adrenarche begins on average between age 5 to 8 in girls and between 7 to 11 in boys, and precedes puberty by about 2 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • In girls, the adrenal androgens of adrenarche produce most of the early androgenic changes of puberty: pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, and acne. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] However, the independence of adrenarche and gonadal puberty is apparent in children with atypical or abnormal development, when one process may occur without the other. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, adrenarche does not occur in many girls with Addison's disease, who will continue to have minimal pubic hair as puberty progresses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conversely, girls with Turner syndrome will have normal adrenarche and normal pubic hair development, but true gonadal puberty never occurs because their ovaries are defective. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, when pubic hair appears at an unusually early age in a child, premature adrenarche should be distinguished from true central precocious puberty, from congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and from androgen-producing tumors of the adrenals or gonads. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common of these signs of early puberty are premature adrenarche (early onset of pubic hair and/or body odor), premature thelarche (nonprogressive breast development, usually occurring before 2 years of age), and lipomastia, in which girls have apparent breast development which, on careful palpation, is determined to be adipose tissue. (aappublications.org)
  • Adrenarche can be considered as the puberty of the adrenal gland, but the two processes (adrenal and gonadal puberty) are independent. (health-articles.net)
  • However, androgens of adrenal origin had been postulated to be able to initiate activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, because central precocious puberty often occurs in children untreated or poorly treated for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (1,15,32), suggesting a possible relationship between adrenarche and gonadarche.On the contrary, the adrenal insufficiency does not represent a limiting factor for the development of gonadarche (33). (health-articles.net)
  • opposite situation has been reported in some girls with Turner syndrome, mainly in those with premature ovarian failure Premature adrenarche, the early increase in adrenal androgen production might be associated with ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovarian syndrome in females, as wel as with insulin resistance in the two sexes, during puberty development, adult life and even in childhood (15,18, 36-42). (health-articles.net)
  • Some children develop isolated and idiopathic premature adrenarche (PA), which is defined as the onset of androgenic signs before 8 years of age in girls and 9 years of age in boys, in the absence of true puberty, steroidogenic enzymatic defects and virilizing tumors. (usp.br)
  • Another important component of puberty is adrenarche, which is the release of hormones from the adrenal gland. (healio.com)
  • Differentiate premature thelarche and adrenarche from true precocious puberty. (slideshare.net)
  • Due to the earlier onset of puberty in recent times, some experts have recommended that these guidelines be changed to thelarche prior to age 7 in White girls and prior to age 6 in African-Americans and adrenarche prior to age 8 years. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • This period follows adrenarche by about two years and is what most people think of as puberty. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Most Caucasian girls begin puberty with thelarche (20%) and most African American girls begin with adrenarche. (pediatriceducation.org)
Thelarche2
  • Classically, early development was considered thelarche prior to age 8 years or adrenarche prior to age 9 years. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • SEP measures were examined for associations with pubertal onset, assessed by breast budding (thelarche) and pubic hair development (adrenarche). (aacrjournals.org)
Onset of adrenarche3
  • Many children born small for gestational age (SGA) because of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an earlier onset of adrenarche, which raises the possibility that timing of adrenarche may be affected by physiological programming in infancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The present study was aimed at unraveling the age of the onset of adrenarche in Pakistani boys. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • In this study 40 children with Beta-thalassaemia major were studied for the changing levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate [DHEAS] with age starting from 5 to 13 years in order to detect the abrupt rise in DHEAS characteristic of the onset of adrenarche, i. e. , the maturation of the adrenal gland. (who.int)
Body odor3
  • Adrenarche is an early stage in sexual maturation that happens in some higher primates and in humans, typically peaks at around 20 years of age, and is eventually involved in the development of pubic hair, body odor, skin oiliness, and acne. (wikipedia.org)
  • The principal physical consequences of adrenarche are androgen effects, especially pubic hair (in which Tanner stage 2 becomes Tanner stage 3) and the change of sweat composition that produces adult body odor. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 yr old daughter(preemie) with premature adrenarche(extreme body odor) and 1 year advanced bone age. (medhelp.org)
Zona reticularis8
  • Adrenarche refers to the onset of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulphate (DHEA-S) production from the adrenal zona reticularis that can be detected at around 6 years of age. (medscape.com)
  • However, the biochemical pathways that define adrenarche have been characterized in detail, and the appearance of key enzymes and cofactors in the adrenal zona reticularis track with the progression of adrenarche. (medscape.com)
  • This article reviews the clinical manifestations of adrenarche, the biochemistry of the enzymes involved in DHEA-S production, and the cell biology of the adrenal zona reticularis. (medscape.com)
  • The onset of DHEA-S production from the adrenal zona reticularis leads to the phenomenon of adrenarche. (medscape.com)
  • Adrenarche is the result of the development of a new zone of the adrenal cortex, the zona reticularis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adrenarche describes the developmental event of the human adrenal cortex when the zona reticularis increases the synthesis of C19 steroids (DHEA/-S) markedly at around 6-8 years of age. (eurospe.org)
  • Adrenarche occurs only in higher primates, typical y at 6-8 y of age in humans, when the innermost layer of adrenal cortex, the zona reticularis, develops. (health-articles.net)
  • In addition, the regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis in zona reticularis is a complex process, since adrenarche requires both the acquisition of 17, 20-lyase activity of P450c17 and a decrease of 3beta HSD expression (18-20,22-27). (health-articles.net)
Androgens6
  • During adrenarche the adrenal glands secrete increased levels of weak adrenal androgens, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and androstenedione (A4), but without increased cortisol levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • 39 steroid metabolites comprising progesterones, corticosterones, aldosterone, androgens, estrogens and glucocorticoids were measured in the urine by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in 23 girls with premature adrenarche (age range 3.9-8.4 years) and 22 healthy, age-matched controls (4.3-8.5 years). (eurospe.org)
  • Girls with premature adrenarche produce more androgens than healthy girls of the same age. (eurospe.org)
  • It is important to note that pubic hair in girls and adult axillary odor in boys and girls is related to the increase in secretion of weak adrenal androgens (primarily dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate [DHEA-S]), referred to as adrenarche, and is unrelated to activation of the HPG axis. (aappublications.org)
  • Even though adrenarche might be a multifactorial event, the main process regulating the production of adrenal androgens continues to represent one of the most intriguing mysteries in adrenal functional differentiation. (health-articles.net)
  • Adrenarche (pubic hair caused by androgens) is age 10 years for Caucasian and age 9 years for African American girls. (pediatriceducation.org)
Appearance of pubic hair1
  • Girls with idiopathic premature adrenarche, characterized by the early appearance of pubic hair and adrenal hyperandrogenism, may be at an increased risk for polycystic ovarian syndrome and its associated complications. (semanticscholar.org)
Maturation1
  • Adrenarche refers to a stage of maturation of the cortex of the human adrenal glands . (bionity.com)
Including polycystic ovary sy1
  • Early appearance of this event is called premature adrenarche (PA) and has been associated with adverse outcomes including polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome. (eurospe.org)
Occurs6
  • Adrenarche occurs only in human beings and some Old World primates, such as the chimpanzee (Smail et al . (medscape.com)
  • Adrenarche occurs between the ages of 6 and 20 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adrenarche also occurs prematurely in many children who are overweight, suggesting a possible relationship with body mass or adiposity signals. (wikipedia.org)
  • As mentioned above, premature adrenarche occurs more often in children with intrauterine growth retardation and in overweight children. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adrenarche is a normal maturational event that in humans occurs at around 6 8 years of age. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Adrenarche occurs when a child's adrenal glands start producing the steroid DHEA. (ucsf.edu)
Gonadarche1
Increase in adrenal androgen1
  • Technically, adrenarche refers to the age-dependent increase in adrenal androgen precursor production around age 6-7 years. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Congenital adrenal hyp2
  • There have been only a few studies on adrenarche in girls with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) showing that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels did not rise at the physiological age of adrenarche. (figshare.com)
  • Is basal serum 17-OH progesterone a reliable parameter to predict nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia in premature adrenarche? (acibadem.edu.tr)
Hormonal3
  • The girls with premature adrenarche (PA) were shown to share similar hormonal/metabolic properties with PCOS. (pubfacts.com)
  • The hormonal response to ACTH was evaluated in 17 girls with clinical signs of premature adrenarche and 17 adolescent females with hyperandrogenemia, along with direct DNA sequencing and MLPA analysis for mutations in the CYP21A2 gene. (cdc.gov)
  • Miller has a longstanding interest in a hormonal and developmental phenomenon known to pediatricians as premature adrenarche. (ucsf.edu)
DHEAS2
  • We observed strong positive correlations between androsteindione and DHEAS, androsteindione and T, and DHEAS and T at adrenarche. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Even thought the importance of the fetal production of DHEA and DHEAS is related to their role as substrates for the massive rise in estrogens biosynthesis during gestation (29), the significance of adrenarche in human physiology remains unknown. (health-articles.net)
Secretion2
  • Premature adrenarche gonadotropin secretion. (wellchild.org)
  • In children aged 6 to 8 years old, there is a rise in androstenedione secretion along with DHEA during adrenarche. (wikipedia.org)
Physiological1
  • The physiological triggers of adrenarche and the role(s) of DHEA-S remain speculative. (medscape.com)
Occur3
  • At adrenarche, the expression of CPR increases in all zones of the adrenal, which should increase both activities of the CYP17 enzyme system, particularly 17,20-lyase activity, thus boosting the overall capacity to produce DHEA-S. Therefore, robust adrenal CPR expression is necessary for adrenal DHEA-S production, but increases in CPR content alone are not sufficient to explain the biochemical changes in the reticularis that occur during of adrenarche. (medscape.com)
  • The phenomenon of adrenarche is unique to human beings and to some Old World primates, and a reversal of adrenarche appears to occur in the ageing process. (medscape.com)
  • 1982). In order for adrenarche to occur, a specific cell type with the capacity to synthesize DHEA-S must arise within the adrenal glands. (medscape.com)
Girls with clinical signs1
  • Serum AMH (pmol/L) was measured by immunoassay (DSL Elisa) in 25 girls with clinical signs of exaggerated adrenarche [median (range) age 8.1 (6.0 8.9) years] recruited into a Scottish multicentre adrenarche study. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Advanced developmental1
  • The early rise in AMH in girls with exaggerated adrenarche implies that follicular development has proceeded to more advanced developmental stages than normal. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Androstenedione1
  • A characteristic aspect of early adrenarche is a diminished activity of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the enzyme which mediates the hydroxylation of 17-hydroxypregnenolone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone , and DHEA to androstenedione . (bionity.com)
Future onset2
  • Premature and exaggerated adrenarche can be indicative of future onset of adult diseases, thus increasing the clinical relevance of adrenarche. (medscape.com)
  • The premature and/or exaggerated adrenarche results in future onset of diseases and thus has a clinical relevance. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Syndrome2
  • Persistent adrenarche syndrome is a cutaneous condition seen typically in thin young women who report great psychological and physical stress in their lives. (wikipedia.org)
  • OBJECTIVE: Follow-up studies of girls with premature adrenarche have reported the development of polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia and a propensity to cardiovascular disease. (usp.br)
DHAS1
Metabolites5
  • This study aimed at characterizing the urinary steroid metabolome of girls with premature adrenarche in comparison to healthy controls with a special focus on metabolites originating of novel, alternate androgen pathways. (eurospe.org)
  • The urinary steroid signature of adrenarche includes steroid metabolites of alternate pathways, which shows differences in premature adrenarche. (eurospe.org)
  • However, in contrast to the latter proposal, adrenarche might begin earlier in childhood, as suggested by studies performed in healthy children measuring DHEA, as wel as the DHEA metabolites in 24-h urine samples (16). (health-articles.net)
  • We studied C19 and C21 urinary steroid metabolites, 5 alpha/5 beta and 11 oxo/11 hydroxy metabolite pairs as well as the ratios of the total 5 alpha/total 5 beta and total 11 oxo/total 11 hydroxy metabolites in 24-h urine samples from 17 prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche and seven controls. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Total cortisol metabolites were not different in the girls with premature adrenarche, compared with the controls. (semanticscholar.org)
Biosynthesis1
  • Although CYP11A is essential for DHEA-S biosynthesis and for adrenarche, all steroid hormone production requires CYP11A as well. (medscape.com)
Steroidogenesis1
  • 2000). However, as CYP11A (with StAR) is the quantitative regulator of steroidogenesis, alterations in CYP11A activities may contribute to the genesis of premature and/or exaggerated adrenarche. (medscape.com)
Development4
  • Background: Premature adrenarche (PA) has been linked with early pubertal development, but only few longitudinal studies on PA girls and boys born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) have been reported. (eurospe.org)
  • Adrenarche" is the term for the development of sexual hair - underarms, genital, and facial hair. (pwsausa.org)
  • The fact that adrenarche is confined to higher-order primates indicates that this phenomenon is a relatively recent evolutionary development. (health-articles.net)
  • I am currently designing a study among the Ju'Hoansi of Namibia to test the impact of nutritional status on the timing of adrenarche and its implications for development. (uwm.edu)
Increases1
  • Heterozygosity for CYP21A2 mutations in females increases their risk of clinically manifesting hyperandrogenism and the present study was designed to seek evidence on the prevalence and consequences of heterozygous CYP21A2 mutations in children with premature adrenarche and adolescents with hyperandrogenemia. (cdc.gov)
Years2
  • We report here that the age of adrenarche in Pakistani boys is 7 years. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • This finding alters the previous definition of premature adrenarche, which has been defined as the growth of pubic hair in girls younger than eight years and in boys younger than nine years. (aafp.org)
Triggers1
  • In boys, adrenarche also triggers penile enlargement and voice changes. (healio.com)
Prepubertal3
  • 5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche. (semanticscholar.org)
  • We found no differences in the 5 alpha-reductase or 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in the prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche, compared with the controls. (semanticscholar.org)
  • In conclusion, we did not demonstrate a difference in the peripheral steroid metabolism, specifically 5 alpha-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities, in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche, compared with controls. (semanticscholar.org)
Children1
  • Amal El Beshlawy , Adrenarche in Egyptian children with beta-thalassemia major, New Egypt. (who.int)
Adolescent1
  • Genetic defects in the cyp21a2 gene in heterozygous girls with premature adrenarche and adolescent females with hyperandrogenemia. (cdc.gov)
DHEA7
  • However, adequate amounts of CYP17 are certainly required for maximal DHEA production, so that CYP17 is an essential component of the adrenarche process. (medscape.com)
  • An important feature of adrenarche is the increased conversion of 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to DHEA that results from an increase in the 17,20-lyase activity of CYP17. (medscape.com)
  • Objetivos: La presente revisión pretende analizar la información existente mediante una búsqueda y revisión sistemática de artículos centrados en la utilización de la DHEA/S para el control de los síntomas del envejecimiento. (worldwidescience.org)
  • Resumen en inglés Introduction: The DHEA widely used for the control of the symptoms associated with the aging, has been an object of numerous clinical essays with discordant results as for its efficiency. (worldwidescience.org)
  • Resumen en español Con el objeto de determinar si el tratamiento con la dehidroepiandrosterona (DHEA) mejora la eficiencia de la inmunización contra el virus de la encefalomielitis equina venezolana (EEV), se vacunaron ratones con el virus TC-83 de la EEV. (worldwidescience.org)
  • La DHEA (10 mg/kg), se administró, en una sola dosis, 4 horas antes de la vacunación. (worldwidescience.org)
  • Resumen en inglés To determine whether treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) improves the efficiency of immunization against the Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus, mice were vaccinated with the TC-83 VEE virus. (worldwidescience.org)
ACTH1
  • To determine the critical features for the diagnosis of nonclassical 21 hydroxylase deficiency (NC21OHD) without performing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test, we studied 186 cases with premature adrenarche. (acibadem.edu.tr)
CYP21A22
  • Ratio calculations for steroid enzyme activities suggested lower HSD3B2 activity in girls with premature adrenarche than in controls, while no difference was found for CYP21A2 activity. (eurospe.org)
  • Females with premature adrenarche and hyperandrogenemia are likely to bear heterozygous CYP21A2 mutations, therefore systematic evaluation of 17-OHP values in combination with the molecular testing of CYP21A2 gene is beneficial, b. carriers of the mild p.V281L, are at higher risk of androgen excess compared to carriers of other types of mutations. (cdc.gov)
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