Adrenal hyperplasia congenital. Medical search

A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.

An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP21 gene, converts progesterones to precursors of adrenal steroid hormones (CORTICOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE). Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES.

Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.

A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE.

A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.

Metabolites or derivatives of PROGESTERONE with hydroxyl group substitution at various sites.

The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (outer ZONA GLOMERULOSA, middle ZONA FASCICULATA, and inner ZONA RETICULARIS) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN.

Neoplasm derived from displaced cells (rest cells) of the primordial ADRENAL GLANDS, generally in patients with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA. Adrenal rest tumors have been identified in TESTES; LIVER; and other tissues. They are dependent on ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN for growth and adrenal steroid secretion.

Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

Development of male secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the FEMALE. It is due to the effects of androgenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.

Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.

Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.

Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS primarily associated with water and electrolyte balance. This is accomplished through the effect on ION TRANSPORT in renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium. Mineralocorticoid secretion is itself regulated by PLASMA VOLUME, serum potassium, and ANGIOTENSIN II.

A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.

A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 11-beta-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11B1 gene, is important in the synthesis of CORTICOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Defects in CYP11B1 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).

Congenital conditions in individuals with a male karyotype, in which the development of the gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical.

A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.

Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.

A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.

A benign neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is characterized by a well-defined nodular lesion, usually less than 2.5 cm. Most adrenocortical adenomas are nonfunctional. The functional ones are yellow and contain LIPIDS. Depending on the cell type or cortical zone involved, they may produce ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE.

An inherited condition characterized by multiple malformations of CARTILAGE and bone including CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS; midface hypoplasia; radiohumeral SYNOSTOSIS; CHOANAL ATRESIA; femoral bowing; neonatal fractures; and multiple joint CONTRACTURES and, occasionally, urogenital, gastrointestinal or cardiac defects. In utero exposure to FLUCONAZOLE, as well as mutations in at least two separate genes are associated with this condition - POR (encoding P450 (cytochrome) oxidoreductase (NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE)) and FGFR2 (encoding FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2).

A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.

Establishment of the age of an individual by examination of their skeletal structure.

The 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis may be sporadic or familial. Familial XX gonadal dysgenesis is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and its locus was mapped to chromosome 2. Mutation in the gene for the FSH receptor (RECEPTORS, FSH) was detected. Sporadic XX gonadal dysgenesis is heterogeneous and has been associated with trisomy-13 and trisomy-18. These phenotypic females are characterized by a normal stature, sexual infantilism, bilateral streak gonads, amenorrhea, elevated plasma LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH concentration.

The identification of selected parameters in newborn infants by various tests, examinations, or other procedures. Screening may be performed by clinical or laboratory measures. A screening test is designed to sort out healthy neonates (INFANT, NEWBORN) from those not well, but the screening test is not intended as a diagnostic device, rather instead as epidemiologic.

A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.

In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.

A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.

A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.

The permanent lack of SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT in an individual. This defect is usually observed at an age after expected PUBERTY.

A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.

Physiological processes, factors, properties and characteristics pertaining to REPRODUCTION.

Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.

An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.

Defects in the SEX DETERMINATION PROCESS in 46, XY individuals that result in abnormal gonadal development and deficiencies in TESTOSTERONE and subsequently ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE or other factors required for normal male sex development. This leads to the development of female phenotypes (male to female sex reversal), normal to tall stature, and bilateral streak or dysgenic gonads which are susceptible to GONADAL TISSUE NEOPLASMS. An XY gonadal dysgenesis is associated with structural abnormalities on the Y CHROMOSOME, a mutation in the GENE, SRY, or a mutation in other autosomal genes that are involved in sex determination.

An infant during the first month after birth.

A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.

Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Non-inflammatory enlargement of the gingivae produced by factors other than local irritation. It is characteristically due to an increase in the number of cells. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p400)

A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.

Enlargement of the thymus. A condition described in the late 1940's and 1950's as pathological thymic hypertrophy was status thymolymphaticus and was treated with radiotherapy. Unnecessary removal of the thymus was also practiced. It later became apparent that the thymus undergoes normal physiological hypertrophy, reaching a maximum at puberty and involuting thereafter. The concept of status thymolymphaticus has been abandoned. Thymus hyperplasia is present in two thirds of all patients with myasthenia gravis. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992; Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1486)

A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Solitary or multiple benign hepatic vascular tumors, usually occurring in women of 20-50 years of age. The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. The pale colored central scar represents large blood vessels with hyperplastic fibromuscular layer and narrowing lumen.

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.

An infant born at or after 42 weeks of gestation.

The external and internal organs related to reproduction.

A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.

Surgery performed on the pregnant woman for conditions associated with pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium. It does not include surgery of the newborn infant.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Congenital structural abnormalities of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.

Syndromes resulting from inappropriate production of HORMONES or hormone-like materials by NEOPLASMS in non-endocrine tissues or not by the usual ENDOCRINE GLANDS. Such hormone outputs are called ectopic hormone (HORMONES, ECTOPIC) secretion.

A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.

Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.

Cell surface proteins that bind gastrointestinal hormones with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Most gastrointestinal hormones also act as neurotransmitters so these receptors are also present in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Specific molecular sites or proteins on or in cells to which VASOPRESSINS bind or interact in order to modify the function of the cells. Two types of vasopressin receptor exist, the V1 receptor in the vascular smooth muscle and the V2 receptor in the kidneys. The V1 receptor can be subdivided into V1a and V1b (formerly V3) receptors.

A highly specific (Leu-Leu) endopeptidase that generates ANGIOTENSIN I from its precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, leading to a cascade of reactions which elevate BLOOD PRESSURE and increase sodium retention by the kidney in the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.99.19.

The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.

The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.

A glycoprotein that is important in the activation of CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY. C4 is cleaved by the activated COMPLEMENT C1S into COMPLEMENT C4A and COMPLEMENT C4B.

Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

A type of mutation in which a number of NUCLEOTIDES deleted from or inserted into a protein coding sequence is not divisible by three, thereby causing an alteration in the READING FRAMES of the entire coding sequence downstream of the mutation. These mutations may be induced by certain types of MUTAGENS or may occur spontaneously.

Identification of genetic carriers for a given trait.

Genes bearing close resemblance to known genes at different loci, but rendered non-functional by additions or deletions in structure that prevent normal transcription or translation. When lacking introns and containing a poly-A segment near the downstream end (as a result of reverse copying from processed nuclear RNA into double-stranded DNA), they are called processed genes.

A naturally occurring glucocorticoid. It has been used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cortisone itself is inactive. It is converted in the liver to the active metabolite HYDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p726)

Examinations that evaluate and monitor hormone production in the adrenal cortex.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.

A gastrointestinal peptide hormone of about 43-amino acids. It is found to be a potent stimulator of INSULIN secretion and a relatively poor inhibitor of GASTRIC ACID secretion.

Mutation screening in British 21-hydroxylase deficiency families and development of novel microsatellite based approaches to prenatal diagnosis. (1/446)

21-hydroxylase deficiency is a recessively inherited disorder of steroidogenesis, resulting from mutations in the CYP21 gene. This 3.5 kb gene and a highly related CYP21P pseudogene reside on tandemly duplicated 30 kb segments of DNA in the class III HLA region, and the great majority of pathogenic mutations result from sequence exchanges involving the duplicated units. We now describe a comprehensive survey of CYP21 mutations in the British population, encompassing a screen for 17 different mutations in a total of 284 disease chromosomes. The most common mutations were as follows: large scale deletions/conversions (45% of the affected chromosomes), the intron 2 splice mutation (30.3%), R357W (9.8%), and I172N (7.0%). Mutations were detected in over 92% of the chromosomes examined, suggesting that accurate DNA based diagnosis is possible in most cases using the described strategy. In order to extend highly accurate prenatal diagnosis to all families where samples are available from a previously affected child, we have developed a linkage analysis approach using novel, highly informative microsatellite markers from the class III HLA region. (+info)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: not really a zebra. (2/446)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was once considered a rare inherited disorder with severe manifestations. Mild congenital adrenal hyperplasia, however, is common, affecting one in 100 to 1,000 persons in the United States and frequently eluding diagnosis. Both classic and nonclassic forms of the disease are caused by deficiencies in the adrenal enzymes that are used to synthesize glucocorticoids. The net result is increased production from the adrenal gland of cortisol precursors and androgens. Even mild congenital adrenal hyperplasia can result in life-threatening sinus or pulmonary infections, orthostatic syncope, shortened stature and severe acne. Women with mild congenital adrenal hyperplasia often present with hirsutism, oligomenorrhea or infertility. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is diagnosed by demonstration of excess cortisol precursors in the serum during an adrenal corticotropic hormone challenge. Diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyerplasia in fetuses that are at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be determined using human leukocyte antigen haplotype or by demonstration of excess cortisol precursors in amniotic fluid. Treatment includes carefully monitored hormone replacement therapy. Recognition of the problem and timely replacement therapy can reduce morbidity and enhance quality of life in patients that are affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (+info)

Tracing past population migrations: genealogy of steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) gene mutations in Finland. (3/446)

The genealogic origin of steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21) mutations and associated haplotypes was determined in 74 unrelated Finnish families with CYP21 deficiency (congenital adrenal hyperplasia, CAH). These families account for two thirds (85/119) of all diagnosed patients of Finnish descent found in this country. We recently demonstrated that multiple founder mutations each associated with a particular haplotype can be found in Finland. Interestingly, some of the haplotypes were identical to those observed in various European populations, whereas others have not been described elsewhere, indicating a local and perhaps a more recent origin. In the present report we show that each of the major founder haplotypes originates from a particular geographic region of Finland. Thus many local genetic isolates are to be expected in Finland. Our finding is in a clear contrast to the genetic diseases known as the 'Finnish disease heritage', in which only one mutation usually predominates. Some of the CYP21 haplotypes proved very informative for analysis of the history of the Finnish population. For example, the origin of one frequent haplotype was shown to cluster in a region assumed by archaeological data to be a major site of immigration by settlers of either Scandinavian or Baltic origin during the first centuries AD. As this haplotype is frequent in many European patient populations, we provide independent genetic evidence of this Iron Age immigration. On the other hand, another frequent haplotype found solely in Finland reflects a more recent (post 15th century) settlement expansion. Consequently, well characterised and sufficiently frequent autosomal gene markers can provide useful information on migrations both between and within populations. (+info)

Modular variations of the human major histocompatibility complex class III genes for serine/threonine kinase RP, complement component C4, steroid 21-hydroxylase CYP21, and tenascin TNX (the RCCX module). A mechanism for gene deletions and disease associations. (4/446)

The frequent variations of human complement component C4 gene size and gene numbers, plus the extensive polymorphism of the proteins, render C4 an excellent marker for major histocompatibility complex disease associations. As shown by definitive RFLPs, the tandemly arranged genes RP, C4, CYP21, and TNX are duplicated together as a discrete genetic unit termed the RCCX module. Duplications of the RCCX modules occurred by the addition of genomic fragments containing a long (L) or a short (S) C4 gene, a CYP21A or a CYP21B gene, and the gene fragments TNXA and RP2. Four major RCCX structures with bimodular L-L, bimodular L-S, monomodular L, and monomodular S are present in the Caucasian population. These modules are readily detectable by TaqI RFLPs. The RCCX modular variations appear to be a root cause for the acquisition of deleterious mutations from pseudogenes or gene segments in the RCCX to their corresponding functional genes. In a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, we discovered a TNXB-TNXA recombinant with the deletion of RP2-C4B-CYP21B. Elucidation of the DNA sequence for the recombination breakpoint region and sequence analyses yielded definitive proof for an unequal crossover between TNXA from a bimodular chromosome and TNXB from a monomodular chromosome. (+info)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 2 of CYP21P: evidence for a higher rate of mutation at CpG dinucleotides in the functional steroid 21-hydroxylase gene and application to segregation analysis in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (5/446)

BACKGROUND: Intron 2 of CYP21, the functional steroid 21-hydroxylase gene contains several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We tested the hypothesis that intron 2 of the pseudogene, CYP21P, might also be polymorphic and provide markers for segregation analysis of this region of the genome, including observable markers for segregation analysis of CYP21 gene deletions. A comparison of SNPs in both genes might provide insights into the rates of mutation in these duplicated genes. METHODS: After amplification with PCR, we examined restriction site polymorphisms in intron 2 of CYP21P in 24 members of the parental generation of the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain families and selected offspring. RESULTS: Intron 2 of CYP21P contains frequent SNPs around nucleotide 398 and nucleotide 509, which can be typed by PCR/restriction enzyme digestion with HaeIII. Of the 48 CYP21P alleles examined, 44 could be characterized unambiguously. Of these 44 alleles, 4 were deleted, and the frequencies of restriction at the polymorphic HaeIII sites were 20 of 40 at nucleotide 398 and 30 of 40 at nucleotide 509. Both polymorphisms result from C-->T transitions that occur at CpG dinucleotides. The frequencies of C at these nucleotides in CYP21P are significantly higher than at the corresponding nucleotides in CYP21 of the same individuals (P <0.01). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that these CpG dinucleotides are more frequently mutated in CYP21 than in CYP21P, and that several mutations at CpG dinucleotides in the coding regions of CYP21 might result from CpG instability rather than the more usually proposed mechanism of gene conversion. These frequent SNPs provide useful markers for studying both allelic segregation of CYP21, particularly for chromosomes with known CYP21 deletions, and for investigating the origin of these polymorphisms. (+info)

Mutation analysis in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the Spanish population: identification of putative novel steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency alleles associated with the classic form of the disease. (6/446)

Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency, due to the genetic impairment of the CYP21 gene, is a major cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In about 80% of the cases, the defect is related with the transfer of deleterious point mutations from the CYP21P pseudogene to the active CYP21 gene. Sixteen different point mutations have been searched for in 60 Spanish patients with the classic form of CAH and 171 unaffected family members, using selective amplification of the CYP21 gene followed by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization (PCR-ASOH) and sequencing analysis. While 31.9% of the disease alleles carry CYP21 deletions or large gene conversions, around 58% of the alleles carry single point mutations. Corresponding segregation of mutations was found in every case indicating that none of them has apparently appeared de novo. The most frequent mutations found in our sample are i2G, V281L, R356W, Q318X, P453S and F306+t, with rates of 30, 14.2, 10, 9.2, 9.2 and 7. 5%, respectively. We found similar frequencies for the A and C polymorphism at position 656 (40 and 31.5%, respectively) in wild-type alleles for the i2G mutation. Around 10% of the alleles, for which no mutations were identified by searching for the sixteen previously known mutations, are currently being sequenced and new possible mutations and polymorphisms have been identified. (+info)

Fluorescent PCR and automated fragment analysis in preimplantation genetic diagnosis for 21-hydroxylase deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (7/446)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disease which is most often caused by a deficiency in steroid 21-hydroxylase. The disease is characterized by a range of impaired adrenal cortisol and aldosterone synthesis combined with an increased androgen synthesis. These metabolic abnormalities lead to an inability to conserve sodium and virilization of females. The most common mutation causing the severe form of CAH is a conversion of an A or C at nucleotide (nt) 656 to a G in the second intron of the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21) causing aberrant splicing of mRNA. A couple was referred to our centre for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for 21-hydroxylase deficiency in CAH. A PGD was set up to detect the nt656 A/C-->G mutation using fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent restriction enzyme digestion and fragment analysis on an automated sequencer. Using DNA or single cells from the father, the normal allele could not be amplified. Non-amplification of the normal allele has been previously described in asymptomatic carriers, therefore the PCR was further developed using heterozygous lymphoblasts from the mother. The PCR was shown to be highly efficient (96% amplification), accurate (0% contamination) and reliable (0% allelic drop-out). The couple started PGD treatment and the second PGD cycle resulted in a twin pregnancy. The genotype of the fetuses was determined in our laboratory using chorionic villus sampling material using the method described here. Both fetuses were shown to be heterozygous carriers of the mutation, and two healthy girls were born. (+info)

Adrenomedullary function is severely impaired in 21-hydroxylase-deficient mice. (8/446)

Deficiency of 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), one of the most common genetic defects in humans, causes low glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production by the adrenal cortex, but the effect of this disorder on the adrenomedullary system is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the development, structure, and function of the adrenal medulla in 21-OH-deficient mice, an animal model resembling human congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Chromaffin cells of 21-OH-deficient mice exhibited ultrastructural features of neuronal transdifferentiation with reduced granules, increased rough endoplasmic reticulum and small neurite outgrowth. Migration of chromaffin cells in the adrenal to form a central medulla was impaired. Expression of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) was reduced to 27 +/- 9% (P<0.05), as determined by quantitative TaqMan polymerase chain reaction, and there was a significant reduction of cells staining positive for PNMT in the adrenal medulla of the 21-OH-deficient mice. Adrenal contents of epinephrine were decreased to 30 +/- 2% (P<0. 01) whereas norepinephrine and dopamine levels were reduced to 57 +/- 4% (P<0.01) and 50 +/- 9% (P<0.05), respectively. 21-OH-deficient mice demonstrate severe adrenomedullary dysfunction, with alterations in chromaffin cell migration, development, structure, and catecholamine synthesis. This hitherto unrecognized mechanism may contribute to the frequent clinical, mental, and therapeutic problems encountered in humans with this genetic disease. (+info)

Testicular adrenal rest tumors[edit]. Infertility observed in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has been ... "Testicular adrenal rest tumors and Leydig and Sertoli cell function in boys with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia". The ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in all its forms, accounts for over 95% of diagnosed cases of ... New MI (December 2004). "An update of congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1038: 14-43. Bibcode:2004NYASA1038 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-hydroxylase_deficiency

Measurements of 17α-hydroxypregnenolone are useful in the diagnosis of certain forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.[2] In ... while in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency levels are low to absent. ... patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency 17α-hydroxypregnenolone is ... This step is performed by the mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1) that is present in the adrenal and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17α-hydroxypregnenolone

If present at birth, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be one of the causes, since in this condition the adrenal gland of the ... "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia(CAH), Prader Scale". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2008-09-28. Beischer NA ... It can also be caused by the autosomal recessive congenital disorder known as Fraser syndrome. In acquired clitoromegaly, the ... Clitoromegaly (or macroclitoris) is an abnormal enlargement of the clitoris that is mostly congenital or acquired, though ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitoromegaly

Schnitzer JJ, Donahoe PK (2001). "Surgical treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 30: 137-54 ... Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (1 June 1999). "What Causes Low Rates of Child-Bearing in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?". The ... A rarer indication would be that of a completely virilized XX child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (Prader stage 5) being ... A child regarded as a severely virilized girl with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) may undergo both a partial clitoral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex_medical_interventions

Various forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.[9]. *Gonadotropin deficiency, resulting from a number of congenital and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_infantilism

... -Deficient Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia OMIM entry on 21-Hydroxylase-Deficient Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ... Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NCCAH) is a milder and late-onset congenital ... "Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center ( ... November 2018). "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-Hydroxylase

Together with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, DES studies have provided little support of the prenatal hormone theory of sexual ... Girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (an autosomal recessive condition which results in high androgen levels during fetal ... Girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia show an increase in probability of transsexuality later in life; however, this ... 1990). "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. II: Gender-related behavior and attitudes in female salt-wasting and simple-virilizing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_hormones_and_sexual_orientation

For example, in one form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia a deficiency in the 21-hydroxylase enzymatic pathway leads to an ... Han TS, Walker BR, Arlt W, Ross RJ (Feb 2014). "Treatment and health outcomes in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". ... Witchel SF, Azziz R (2010). "Nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia". International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology. 2010 ... Adrenal steroidogenesis pathway. Greep RO, ed. (22 October 2013). "Cortoic acids". Recent Progress in Hormone Research: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid

2005). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In: Lancet. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66736-0 F. Sicard, M. Ehrhart-Bornstein, D. ... Future directions in the study and management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In: Annals of ... Human adrenal cells express TNFα-mRNA: Evidence for a paracrine control of adrenal function 1995: „Einfach genial Preis" of the ... Restoration of adrenal steroidogenesis by adenovirus-mediated transfer of human cytochromeP450 21-hydroxylase into the adrenal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_R._Bornstein

The causes of this can be male hormones taken during pregnancy, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, male-hormone-producing tumors ... Merke DP, Auchus RJ (September 2020). "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency". The New England ... Witchel, Selma Feldman; Azziz, Ricardo (2010). "Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia". International Journal of Pediatric ... "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex

Genetic females (with two X chromosomes) with congenital adrenal hyperplasia lack an enzyme needed by the adrenal gland to make ... "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - National Library of Medicine". PubMed Health.. *^ Bostwick, J. M.; Martin, K. A. (2007). "A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_change

Reichman DE, White PC, New MI, Rosenwaks Z (Feb 2014). "Fertility in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Fertil ... Diabetes mellitus,[35][36] thyroid disorders,[37] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[38][39][40][41] adrenal disease[42 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infertility

Also see congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Adrenal carcinoma is an extremely rare cause of primary hyperaldosteronism. Two ... Bilateral micronodular hyperplasia is more common than unilateral adrenal adenoma. It can be asymptomatic, but these symptoms ... However, recent studies have shown that bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia is the cause in up to 70% of cases. ... Polyuria Polydipsia Tingling Metabolic alkalosis The causes of primary hyperaldosteronism are adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperaldosteronism

ISBN 978-3-662-52782-5. Hindmarsh, Peter C.; Geertsma, Kathy (2017). Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Comprehensive Guide. ... ISBN 978-0-12-811483-4. Hindmarsh, Peter C.; Geertsma, Kathy (2017). Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Comprehensive Guide. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchidometer

Turcu AF, Auchus RJ (June 2015). "Adrenal steroidogenesis and congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Endocrinology and Metabolism ... 2004). "Analysis of 21-deoxycortisol, a marker of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, in blood by atmospheric pressure chemical ... for Management of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia". primary. Journal of the Endocrine Society. 1 (3): 186-201. doi:10.1210/js. ... While studies suggest that 11β-OHP, also known as 21-deoxycorticosterone, can be used as marker for adrenal 21-hydroxylase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11β-Hydroxyprogesterone

"Glucocorticoid Activity of Adrenal Steroid Precursors in Untreated Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia". The Journal ... As 21-deoxycortisol can be at high levels in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and it has structural similarity to cortisol, it ... November 2018). "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical ... 21-deoxycortisol is a marker of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, even in mild (non-classic) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-Deoxycortisol

The inadequate prenatal suppression of adrenal androgens leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. This condition can result in ... Vaginal stenosis can be a defect caused by congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Having an episiotomy is associated with stenosis. ... "Management of adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia". The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 1 (4): 341-52. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_stenosis

Bhangoo A, Anhalt H, Ten S, King SR (March 2006). "Phenotypic variations in lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Pediatr ... "Nonclassic congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia: a new disorder of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein with very late ... "Nonclassic lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia masquerading as familial glucocorticoid deficiency". J. Clin. Endocrinol. ... DBP Permethrin and cypermethrin DES and arsenite BPA Mutations in the gene for StAR cause lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidogenic_acute_regulatory_protein

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia can cause the abnormal development of the vagina. Vaginal adenosis is the abnormal presence of ... "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology". 2017-02-21. Cite journal requires ,journal ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: update on the management of adult patients and prenatal ... "Surgical outcomes and complications of reconstructive surgery in the female congenital adrenal hyperplasia patient: What every ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_anomalies

1 in 75,000 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) > 1 in 25,000 Classical galactosemia (GALT) > 1 in 50,000 Newborn screening by ... Some states are now screening for more than 50 congenital conditions. Many of these are rare and unfamiliar to pediatricians ... Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) - added in 2009 Critical congenital heart defects (Screened using pulse oximetry) - ... 1 in 5,000 Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) > 1 in 5,000 Biotinidase deficiency (BIOT) > ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_disorders_included_in_newborn_screening_programs

"Feminizing genitoplasty for congenital adrenal hyperplasia: what happens at puberty?". J. Urol. 161 (5): 1588-91. doi:10.1016/ ... in a family with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency as well as in partial androgen ... Wisniewski AB, Migeon CJ, Gearhart JP, Rock JA, Berkovitz GD, Plotnick LP, Meyer-Bahlburg HF, Money J (2001). "Congenital ... Retief, F P; Cilliers, J F G (2003). "Congenital eunuchism and Favorinus". South African Medical Journal. 93 (1): 73-76. Mason ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome

... while congenital adrenal hyperplasia and androgen producing tumors (usually) of the gonads or adrenals are occasional causes in ... In the severest form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, complete masculinization of a genetically female fetus results in an ... and some forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Normal virilization[edit]. .mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw- ... virilization of a genetically female fetus can occur when an excessive amount of androgen is produced by the fetal adrenal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virilization

She was born with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). In her mid-30s, she began learning about intersex people and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betsy_Driver

He also delineated forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Known for Lightwood-Albright syndrome, a neonatal form of renal ... Schwartz TB (1995). "How to learn from patients: Fuller Albright's exploration of adrenal function". Ann. Intern. Med. 123 (3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuller_Albright

Meyer-Bahlburg HF (2001). Gender and sexuality in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2001 ... XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Meyer-Bahlburg published with John Money and others on the topic of psychoneuroendocrinology ... a long term analysis of the psychological effects of the use of prenatal dexamethasone to treat Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heino_Meyer-Bahlburg

"Glucocorticoid Activity of Adrenal Steroid Precursors in Untreated Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia". The Journal ... "Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Caused by 11Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency". Barany A, Shaughnessy CA, McCormick SD (March 2021). " ... "Chemistry of the Adrenal Cortex Hormones". Grzybowski A, Pietrzak K (2012). "Tadeusz Reichstein (1897-1996): a cofounder of ... In 1934, biochemist Tadeus Reichstein, working in Switzerland, began research on extracts from animal adrenal glands in order ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-Deoxycortisol

Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L. (1 June 1999). "What Causes Low Rates of Child-Bearing in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?". The ... Dreger, Alice; Feder, Ellen K.; Tamar-Mattis, Anne (September 2012). "Prenatal Dexamethasone for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ... "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1192 (1): 5-11. ... congenital adrenal hyperplasia and others. Surgical interventions on children with intersex conditions are contentious and may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_diagnosis_of_intersex

Medical conditions that commonly cause a high-androgen state, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia ... The adrenal glands secrete higher amounts of DHEA-S during adrenarche (a stage of puberty), and this leads to an increase in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

... and also occurs in women with intersex conditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia.[10] Hyperandrogenism is associated with ... See also: Benign prostatic hyperplasia § 5α-Reductase inhibitors. The 5α-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride are ... benign prostatic hyperplasia, pattern hair loss, hypersexuality, and paraphilias, as well as boys with precocious puberty.[6] ... they must be combined with a glucocorticoid like prednisone to avoid adrenal insufficiency.[107] A newer drug currently under ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiandrogen

Spatial Ability and Prenatal Androgens: Meta-Analyses of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Studies. „ ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wskaźnik_długości_palców_2D:4D

Nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1993, 687: 193-205. ... levels above 700-800 µg/dL are highly suggestive of adrenal dysfunction because DHEA-S is made exclusively by the adrenal ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/多囊卵巢綜合症

Female infants born with a 46,XX genotype but have genitalia affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia and are treated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitoridectomy

Severe cases of hyperandrogenism, such as in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. *As part of the pharmacologic treatment of ... Breast cancer; Endometrial hyperplasia; Endometriosis; Female infertility (assisted reproduction); Prostate cancer; Uterine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_agonist

... (EIS), or estrogen resistance, is a form of congenital estrogen deficiency or hypoestrogenism[2 ... the testes show Leydig cell hyperplasia, which is due to the increased levels of LH and intratesticular testosterone.[14] ... while concentrations of adrenal steroids including cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11- ... June 2001). "Congenital estrogen deficiency: in search of the estrogen role in human male reproduction". Molecular and Cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome

Of the synthesis problems, congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most common (in various forms: 21-hydroxylase, 17α-hydroxylase ... These include mutations to the SF1 transcription factor, congenital adrenal hypoplasia due to DAX-1 gene mutations and ... Main article: Adrenal crisis. An "Addisonian crisis" or "adrenal crisis" is a constellation of symptoms that indicates severe ... Adrenal destruction is also a feature of adrenoleukodystrophy, and when the adrenal glands are involved in metastasis (seeding ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison's_disease

... lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, with RE Siebenmann (1957) hereditary fructose intolerance, with R. Froesh, A. Labhart et ... effort of a collective of scientists headed by Guido Fanconi that studied and described a condition related to chronic adrenal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Prader

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, diseases in the production of cortisol. *Nelson's syndrome, the rapid enlargement of the ACTH ... chronically elevated ACTH levels occur in primary adrenal insufficiency (e.g. Addison's disease) when adrenal gland production ... ACTH receptors outside the adrenal gland[edit]. As indicated above, ACTH is a cleavage product of the pro-hormone, ... These are mainly not associated with the pituitary-adrenal axis. MC2R is the ACTH receptor. While it has a crucial function in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a group of autosomal recessive disorders of the enzymes responsible for steroid hormone ... Adrenal[edit]. A variety of adrenal cortical abnormalities can cause hypertension, In primary aldosteronism there is a clear ... Another adrenal related cause is Cushing's syndrome which is a disorder caused by high levels of cortisol. Cortisol is a ... Pheochromocytoma[35] (most often located in the adrenal medulla) increases secretion of catecholamines such as epinephrine and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_hypertension

... (AI) is a congenital disorder that presents with a rare abnormal formation of the enamel[1] or external ... and gingival hyperplasia.[3] ... X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita. Metabolic. *Amino acid: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelogenesis_imperfecta

Nicotine is also known to stimulate production of adrenal steroids and reduce production of TNF-α, interleukin-1 and ... Salivary gland hyperplasia. *Salivary gland hypoplasia. *Salivary gland neoplasms *Benign: Basal cell adenoma ... Congenital epulis. *Gingival enlargement. *Gingival cyst of the adult. *Gingival cyst of the newborn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphthous_stomatitis

"Loss of therapeutic control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to interaction between dexamethasone and primidone". Acta ... 25% of the thirty-two cases had congenital heart defects; the reported rate in cleft lip and palate was 3-5%. Meadow emphasized ... Meadow encountered six babies with cleft lip and palate in addition to other congenital abnormalities whose mothers had been ... Biale, Y; H. Lewenthal (1984). "Effect of folic acid supplementation on congenital malformations due to anticonvulsive drugs". ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primidone

Certain forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. *Testicular failure. *Pregnancy - BetaHCG can mimic LH so tests may show ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone

... resulting in congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH); fetal masculinization of female external genitalia is much less frequently ... Fetal masculinization of female external genitalia is usually due to enzyme abnormalities involved in adrenal steroid ... ISBN 0-7216-0376-9. Schardein JL (1980). "Congenital abnormalities and hormones during pregnancy: a clinical review". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestin-induced_virilisation

Hyperplasia, lk 59-70, 1990. *Kendall MD, al-Shawaf AA., Innervation of the rat thymus gland., Brain Behav Immun. märts 1991;5( ... Roberto Kretschmer, M.D., Burhan Say, M.D., David Brown, M.D., ja Fred S. Rosen, M.D., Congenital Aplasia of the Thymus Gland ( ... Pertsov SS., Effect of melatonin on the thymus, adrenal glands, and spleen in rats during acute stress. Lühikokkuvõte., Bull ... GEORGE L. WALDBOTT, M.D.; G. E. ANTHONY, M.D.,SO-CALLED THYMIC HYPERPLASIA. IV. A FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF THIRTY CASES, 47. ...

https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tüümus

Adrenal. Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (due to 21- ... Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Buklo) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic ... hydroxylase deficiency) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) - Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - ...

https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus_type_1

Hypoplasia (congenital below-average number of cells, especially when inadequate). *Hyperplasia (proliferation of cells) ... The adrenal glands atrophy during prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoids like prednisone. Atrophy of the breasts can occur ... Hyperplasia. Dysplasia. Metaplasia Squamous. Glandular. Cell death. Necrosis Coagulative necrosis. Liquefactive necrosis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophic

... for adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ... The cortico- part of the name refers to the adrenal cortex, ... Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the ... Moreover, aldosterone synthase is found within the zona glomerulosa at the outer edge of the adrenal cortex; 11β-hydroxylase is ... The corticosteroids are synthesized from cholesterol within the adrenal cortex.[1] Most steroidogenic reactions are catalysed ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticosteroid

There are studies concerning women who have a condition called congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which leads to the ... These women usually have ordinary female appearances (though nearly all girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have ... of physicians from Saudi Arabia recently reported on several cases of XX intersex children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender

... is caused by a deficiency of cortisol resulting from Addison's disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), ... in someone known to have Addison's disease or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Characteristic symptoms are: Sudden ... Acute adrenal crisis on PubmedHealth Adrenal Crisis on Patient.info Katherine White (28 July 2004). "What to do in an emergency ... Adrenal crisis (also known as Addisonian crisis and acute adrenal insufficiency) is a medical emergency and potentially life- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_crisis

Young MC, Hughes IA: Loss of therapeutic control in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to interaction between dexamethasone and ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primidon

Haddad NG, Eugster EA (April 2019). "Peripheral precocious puberty including congenital adrenal hyperplasia: causes, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamoxifen

... and a history of two siblings with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and ambiguous genitalia [33]. Although at puberty he has ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sex_characteristics

Males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, determined by CYP21A2 mutations, have increased WHRs.[21] ... and body composition in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency". European Journal of ... In general, adults with growth hormone deficiencies also have increased WHRs.[18][19] Adults with untreated congenital isolated ... The stress hormone cortisol is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and has been associated with higher ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waist-hip_ratio

... although classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other disease states may also cause this situation. Acute underproduction ... is commonly caused by either idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia or by an adrenal adenoma. The two main resulting problems: * ... Aldosterone is produced in the zona glomerulosa of the cortex of the adrenal gland and its secretion is mediated principally by ... Mineralocorticoids are produced in the adrenal cortex and influence salt and water balances (electrolyte balance and fluid ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralocorticoids

Congenital disorders such as adrenal hyperplasia can affect the structure and function of the vagina and sometimes the vagina ... Conditions such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia virilize genetic females due to a 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Specific ... Surgery to the vagina is done to correct congenital defects to the vagina, urethra and rectum. It will correct protrusion of ... Non-surgical vagina creation was used in the past to treat the congenital absence of a vagina. The procedure involved the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginoplasty

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. ... It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Most of ... or sex steroids from cholesterol by the adrenal glands (steroidogenesis). Each form of CAH is associated with a specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia

Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an endocrine disorder that is an uncommon and potentially lethal form of congenital ... Inborn errors of steroid metabolism Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Adrenal insufficiency Disorders of sexual development ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasias are a family of autosomal recessive diseases resulting from defects in steps of the synthesis ... Bhangoo A, Anhalt H, Ten S, King SR (March 2006). "Phenotypic variations in lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia". Pediatr ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoid_congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia

Symptoms depend on a childs age, sex, and which hormones the adrenal glands make too little or too much of. ... affects the adrenal glands, which make important hormones. ... What Is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?. The bodys adrenal ... What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia symptoms will depend on a ... In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a mutation (genetic change) causes the adrenal glands to make too little cortisol. In ...

https://kidshealth.org/Nemours/en/parents/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia.html

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the name given to a group of inherited disorders of the adrenal gland. ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia can affect both boys and girls. About 1 in 10,000 to 18,000 children are born with congenital ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the name given to a group of inherited disorders of the adrenal gland. ... People with congenital adrenal hyperplasia lack an enzyme the adrenal glands need to make the hormones. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000411.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-hydroxylase_deficiency

... on the use of laboratory testing in the diagnosis and management of classic and nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH ... Figure 2. Testing Options for Follow-up of a Positive Newborn Screen for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). ... Tests Available for Diagnosis and Management of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) [return to contents]. ... Figure 3. Differentiation of Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NCCAH) from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). ...

http://www.questdiagnostics.com/testcenter/testguide.action?dc=CF_CAH

I have M.E.N.1. I developed Adrenal Insufficiency, several yrs. ago, after too many surgeries & basically, my body went into ...

https://www.endocrineweb.com/community/addisons-disease/5566-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia

Peter A. Lee, Christopher P. Houk, S. Faisal Ahmed, Ieuan A. Hughes in collaboration with the participants in the International Consensus Conference on Intersex organized by the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society and the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology ...

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/keyword/cah%E2%80%94congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Primary adrenocortical insufficiency may occur in patients with the StAR{ref35} or 20,22- ... How does congenital adrenal hyperplasia cause chronic Addison disease?) and How does congenital adrenal hyperplasia cause ... Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a severe disorder of adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis caused by mutations in the ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. * Primary adrenocortical insufficiency may occur in patients with the StAR [35] or 20,22- ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/116467-23427/how-does-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-cause-chronic-addison-disease

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Clinical Research Trial Listings in Endocrinology Pediatrics/Neonatology Family Medicine on ... Androgen Reduction in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Phase 1 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an inherited inability to ... Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Clinical Trials. A listing of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia medical research trials actively ... Adult Height Prediction in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic rare disease, which ...

http://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/condition/267/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia/?&gender=Both

The term congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) encompasses a group of autosomal recessive disorders, each of which involves a ... encoded search term (Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia) and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia What to Read Next on Medscape. Related ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia occurs among people of all races. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia secondary to CYP21A1 mutations ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency accounts for 5-8% of all congenital adrenal hyperplasia ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/919218-overview

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: lessons from a multinational study.. Frisch H1, Waldhauser F, Lebl J, Solyom J, Hargitai G, ... Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/epidemiology. *Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/genetics. *Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/ ... Slovenia and Slovakia in order to investigate various aspects in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Five ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12065936?dopt=Abstract

... Jennifer L. Flint1 and Jill D. Jacobson2 ... congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The patient presented with failure to thrive and salt wasting. General appearance showed ... that displays elevated 11-deoxycorticosterone levels and evidence for hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland ... We report on a patient with genetically confirmed adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) whose presentation and laboratory ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crie/2013/393584/abs/

... S. Al-Bahri,1 A. Tariq,2 B. Lowentritt,1 and D. V. ... "Giant Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipoma with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia," Case Reports in Surgery, vol. 2014, Article ID 728198 ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cris/2014/728198/cta/

Share your story with this active Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia community of thousands of participants. ... Discuss Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia with the EndocrineWeb commiuntiy. ...

https://www.endocrineweb.com/community/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia

... collectively called congenital adrenal hyperplasia) that affect the adrenal glands. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency is one of a group of disorders ( ... collectively called congenital adrenal hyperplasia) that affect the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are located on top of ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-due-to-11-beta-hydroxylase-deficiency/ Congenital adrenal ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-due-to-11-beta-hydroxylase-deficiency/

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition in which one of several proteins in the body that are involved in ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition in which one of several proteins in the body that are involved in ... The severity of congenital adrenal hyperplasia varies widely from child to child, so this will in part determine which ... Children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, depending on the form, can have problems related to their sexual organs, because ...

https://www.zocdoc.com/answers/7132/what-is-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia

Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia inthe Netherlands. Hetty J. Van der Kamp, Kees Noordam, Bert Elvers, Maja ... Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia inthe Netherlands. Hetty J. Van der Kamp, Kees Noordam, Bert Elvers, Maja ... Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia inthe Netherlands. Hetty J. Van der Kamp, Kees Noordam, Bert Elvers, Maja ... Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia inthe Netherlands Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ...

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/108/6/1320/tab-article-info

Buy Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia by Peter C. Hindmarsh, Kathy Geertsma from Waterstones today! Click and Collect from your ... Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Comprehensive Guide (Paperback). Peter C. Hindmarsh (author), Kathy Geertsma (author) Sign in ... Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Comprehensive Guide addresses how hydrocortisone works, what can go wrong, and how to correct ...

https://www.waterstones.com/book/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia/peter-c-hindmarsh/kathy-geertsma/9780128114834

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Outcomes in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. A systematic review and meta-analysis. ... Individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) require glucocorticoid therapy to replace cortisol and to control ... Source Reference: Tamhane S, et al "Cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: A systematic ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/clinical-connection/cardio-endo/77056

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH): Diagnosis and Medications How is CAH diagnosed? The health care team uses newborn ... People with CAH should wear a Medic-Alert bracelet stating "Adrenal Insufficiency." Then, in an emergency, responders will know ... By receiving these in the proper amount, the adrenal gland will also not produce too much androgen. ...

http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/cahdiag.htm

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). What is Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)? Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a ... Hyperplasia is a medical word for an organ or tissue growing too large. In CAH, the adrenal glands grow bigger as they try to ... The adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system. The adrenal glands make hormones, chemical "messengers" that the body ... Adrenal refers to the adrenal glands, located at the top of the kidneys. ...

http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/cah.htm

... Congenital adrenal hyperplasiaClassification & external resources Cortisol ICD-10 E25.0 ICD-9 ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency *Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β- ... and overactivity of the steroid-producing cells of the adrenal cortex. The defects causing adrenal hyperplasia are congenital ( ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which also dates to the first half of the century, has become the preferred term to reduce ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Congenital_adrenal_hyperplasia.html

Synonyms: adrenal hyperplasia 1; congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia; lipoid CAH ... congenital adrenal hyperplasia (DOID:0050811) Alliance: disease page Synonyms: adrenal hyperplasia 1; congenital lipoid adrenal ... Human Disease Modeled: congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Associated Mouse Gene: Cyp11b1 Allelic Composition. Genetic Background. ... Human Disease Modeled: congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Associated Mouse Gene: Star Allelic Composition. Genetic Background. ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/OMIM:201810

... old male infant presented with features suggestive of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). But on detailed investigation, he ... A 15-day- old male infant presented with features suggestive of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). But on detailed ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Pseudohypoaldosteronism-Masquerading-as-Congenital-Adrenal/21638072.html

Make research projects and school reports about Congenital adrenal hyperplasia easy with credible articles from our FREE, ... and pictures about Congenital adrenal hyperplasia at Encyclopedia.com. ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Definition. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder characterized by a ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a form of adrenal insufficiency in which the enzyme that produces two important adrenal ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/diseases-and-conditions/pathology/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia

The Hardcover of the Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia by M. I. News, L. S. Levine , at Barnes & Noble. FREE Shipping on $35.0 or ... Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. by M. I. News, L. S. LevineM. I. News ...

https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-m-i-news/1004480575

The Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Trust (New Zealand) (CAHNZ Trust) is a registered trust located in New Zealand. Founded in ... Home / For Patients and Families / Find a Patient Organization / Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Support Group ... Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Support Group. Address. PO Box 66. Waihi. Hauraki, 3641 New Zealand ... CAHNZ Trust provides support and information to New Zealanders affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This is a ...

https://rarediseases.org/organizations/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-support-group/

... is a group of inherited genetic conditions that limits the adrenal glands ability to make certain vital hormones. ... most people who have congenital adrenal hyperplasia can lead normal lives.. There are two major types of congenital adrenal ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, a pair of walnut- ... There is no known way to prevent congenital adrenal hyperplasia. If youre thinking of starting a family and youre at risk of ...

https://www.sparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia

Learn more about Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments from experts at Boston Childrens, ... Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder in which the adrenal gland ... Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Reviewed by David A. Diamond, MD © Childrens Hospital Boston; posted in 2011 ... How Boston Childrens Hospital approaches congenital adrenal hyperplasia The Disorders of Sexual Development (DSD) and Gender ...

http://www.childrenshospital.org/conditions-and-treatments/conditions/c/congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-cah

They come to medical attention when they develop a salt-wasting adrenal crisis or other signs of progressive adrenal insufficiency. (wikipedia.org)
Steroids cannot be stopped suddenly because doing so may lead to adrenal insufficiency . (medlineplus.gov)
I developed Adrenal Insufficiency, several yrs. ago, after too many surgeries & basically, my body went into shock. (endocrineweb.com)
Infants usually present in shock, with hypoglycemia and adrenal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Affected children typically present with life-threatening adrenal insufficiency in early infancy due to a failure of glucocorticoid (cortisol) and mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
Characteristics of Korean Patients with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Registry-Based Nationwide Survey in Korea. (medscape.com)
The conventional glucocorticoid replacement therapy in primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia renders the cortisol levels unphysiological, which may cause symptoms and long-term complications. (centerwatch.com)
People with CAH should wear a Medic-Alert bracelet stating "Adrenal Insufficiency. (umich.edu)
A steroid inherited metabolic disorder that is characterized by adrenal insufficiency and variable degrees of hyper or hypo androgeny manifestations resulting from steroidogenic enzyme deficiency. (jax.org)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a form of adrenal insufficiency in which 21-hydroxylase, the enzyme that produces two important adrenal steroid hormones, cortisol and aldosterone, is deficient. (encyclopedia.com)
Patients with 'classic' or the most severe form of CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) present during the neonatal period and early infancy with adrenal insufficiency with or without salt-losing, or as toddlers with virilization. (uptodate.com)
The phenotypic presentation of CAH fits into 3 main categories: (1) severe disease with adrenal insufficiency in infancy with or without virilization and salt wasting (classical CAH), (2) milder disease that manifests in adolescence or adulthood (nonclassic CAH), and (3) clinically inapparent disease (cryptic CAH). (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
Infants with high 17-OHP levels and signs of adrenal insufficiency (e.g., shock) require urgent evaluation and measurement of serum electrolytes and determination serum 17-OHP concentrations by a confirmatory method, such as liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). A pediatric endocrinologist should be consulted for evaluation and treatment. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
This condition creates adrenal insufficiency (defective production of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids). (pediatriconcall.com)
In response to adrenal insufficiency, pituitary gland produces increased amount of ACTH and POMC which stimulate the steroidogenesis pathway. (pediatriconcall.com)
Potentially lethal adrenal insufficiency is characteristic of two-thirds to three-quarters of patients with the classical salt wasting (SW) form of 21-OHD. (unboundmedicine.com)
Researchers at the VISTA Center (Vision, Image, Speech and Text Analytics) at the USC Viterbi Information Sciences Institute (ISI) along with scholars at the Keck School of Medicine of USC and Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) have discovered strong correlations between facial morphology and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), a life-threatening genetic condition of the adrenal glands and one of the most common forms of adrenal insufficiency in children. (medica-tradefair.com)
CAH is the most frequent cause of ambiguous genitalia and adrenal insufficiency in newborn infants with variable degrees of salt losing. (scielo.br)

It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. (wikipedia.org)
In the most common type of CAH, called 21-hydroxylase deficiency, the adrenal glands also might not make aldosterone. (kidshealth.org)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by deficiency in one or more of the enzymes required for adrenal gland synthesis of cortisol, aldosterone, and the sex steroids. (questdiagnostics.com)
The classic form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency (prevalence 1/15,000) is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (centerwatch.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency is one of a group of disorders (collectively called congenital adrenal hyperplasia) that affect the adrenal glands. (medlineplus.gov)
In people with CAH due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, the adrenal glands produce excess androgens, which are male sex hormones. (medlineplus.gov)
CAH due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency accounts for 5 to 8 percent of all cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (medlineplus.gov)
In all its forms, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency accounts for about 95% of diagnosed cases of CAH. (bionity.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in the hormones cortisol and aldosterone and an over-production of the hormone androgen. (encyclopedia.com)
In its most severe form, called salt-wasting (or salt-losing) CAH, where there is a total or near total deficiency of the 21-hydroxylase enzyme, a life-threatening adrenal crisis can occur if the disorder is untreated. (encyclopedia.com)
There are two forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. (chop.edu)
Ninety percent of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have 21-hydroxylase deficiency. (aafp.org)
Deficiency of 11-β hydroxylase is found in 8 to 9 percent of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (aafp.org)
CAH is an inherited disorder which causes an enzyme deficiency (most commonly 21-hydroxylase) that results in the inability of the adrenal glands to make hormones necessary to maintain life (cortisol, and in the salt-wasting form also the salt-retaining hormone). (nyp.org)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) describes a group of autosomal recessive disorders resulting from a deficiency in one of the enzymes involved in adrenal steroid synthesis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder that results in an enzyme deficiency that alters the production of adrenal steroids. (neurocrine.com)
Because of this deficiency, the adrenal glands have little to no cortisol biosynthesis, resulting in a potentially life-threatening condition. (neurocrine.com)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a defect in the adrenal gland and caused by a deficiency in 21 hydroxylase enzyme. (chla.org)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a common genetic endocrine disorder, with 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency accounting for 95% of the cases. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the major cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (uniprot.org)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CYP21A2 . (springer.com)
The salt-wasting form is characterized by severe renal salt loss as a consequence of aldosterone deficiency whereas the simple virilizing form is characterized by virilization of external genitalia (clitoromegaly in females and penile growth in males) and precocious pseudopuberty as a result of adrenal androgen overproduction. (springer.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency: functional consequences of four CYP11B1 mutations. (nih.gov)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) includes a group of autosomal recessive disorders that lead to a deficiency in the steroid synthesis pathway for aldosterone and/or cortisol. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
White PC, Speiser PW, 2000 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylased Deficiency. (springer.com)
Speiser PW, Azziz R, Baskin LS, et al, 2010 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hyroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. (springer.com)
Bidet M, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Galand-Portier MB, et al, 2009 Clinical and molecular characterization of a cohort of 161 unrelated women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 330 family members. (springer.com)
FRIDAY, Oct. 5, 2018 (HealthDay News) - Best practices have been updated for screening and managing congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. (physiciansweekly.com)
H. Falhammar, D.J. Torpy, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency presenting as adrenal incidentaloma: a systemic review and meta-analysis. (springer.com)
Clinical perspectives in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency. (urotoday.com)
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 deficiency (3βHSD2D) is a very rare variant of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causing less than 0.5% of all CAH. (urotoday.com)
The Phase II open-label, multiple-dose, dose-finding study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of crinecerfont in 18 adults with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD). (biospace.com)
This disease results from deficiency of an enzyme, 21 hydroxylase, that is essential for synthesis of adrenal hormones. (healthtap.com)
Most common forms are due to partial or complete 21-hydroxylase deficiency, leading to increased ACTH production by the pituitary, stimulating adrenal growth and function. (thefreedictionary.com)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Secondary to 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency Presenting as Amenorrhea, Hypokalemia, Hypertension, and Cystic Ovaries. (annals.org)
Androgens concentrations and second-to fourth-digit ratio (2D:4D) in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Deleterious mutations in the HSD3B2 gene cause the classical deficiency of 3β-HSD2, which is a rare autosomal recessive disease that leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (scielo.br)
See also the symptoms of Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency and Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency: Introduction . (rightdiagnosis.com)
Complications of Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency are secondary conditions, symptoms, or other disorders that are caused by Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency. (rightdiagnosis.com)
In many cases the distinction between symptoms of Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency and complications of Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency is unclear or arbitrary. (rightdiagnosis.com)
11Beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) deficiency involves defective production of cortisol, with accumulation of mineralocorticoid precursors, resulting in hypernatremia , hypokalemia , and hypertension and increased production of adrenal androgens, leading to virilization. (merckmanuals.com)
11Beta-hydroxylase deficiency causes about 5 to 8% of all cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia . (merckmanuals.com)
21-Hydroxylase (CYP21A2) deficiency causes defective conversion of adrenal precursors to cortisol and, in some cases, to aldosterone, sometimes resulting in severe hyponatremia and hyperkalemia . (merckmanuals.com)
21-Hydroxylase deficiency causes 90% of all cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia . (merckmanuals.com)
The simultaneous occurrence of Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is an exceptional event: there are just three case reports (two children and a 51 years old man) describing males affected by both KS and 21OHD (21-hydroxylase deficiency) CAH, the first causing androgen deficiency, the latter leading to androgen excess. (springer.com)
Adrenal hyperplasia occurs due to excessive stimulation of the glands by ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) in response to the resultant cortisol deficiency of these conditions. (oup.com)
Inheritance of Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11-Beta-hydroxylase deficiency refers to whether the condition is inherited from your parents or "runs" in families. (rightdiagnosis.com)

Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an endocrine disorder that is an uncommon and potentially lethal form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (wikipedia.org)
A newborn screening test is available for the most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (medlineplus.gov)
17α-hydroxylase is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (centerwatch.com)
These persons have the "salt-wasting" form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, with hyponatremia, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia and hypotension. (aafp.org)
Family data showed that her disorder was autosomal recessive and linked to the histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA), as in the classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (annals.org)

Prenatal diagnosis is available for some forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (medlineplus.gov)
Some forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia are more severe and cause adrenal crisis in the newborn due to loss of salt. (nyp.org)
CARES Foundation is dedicated to supporting individuals and families affected by all forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (directoryhealthy.com)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia comprises of a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterised by enzyme blocks at various levels of adrenal steroid synthesis resulting in decreased production of adrenal hormones, mainly cortisol and aldosterone. (pediatriconcall.com)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is a group of autosomal recessive disorders which block the pathway of adrenal steroidogenesis at various steps. (pediatriconcall.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by several distinct enzymatic defects that result in changes in steroidogenesis. (arupconsult.com)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the name given to a group of inherited disorders of the adrenal gland . (medlineplus.gov)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an inherited inability to synthesize cortisol in the adrenal gland. (centerwatch.com)
A mouse model has recently been described that displays elevated 11-deoxycorticosterone levels and evidence for hyperplasia of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland. (hindawi.com)
By receiving these in the proper amount, the adrenal gland will also not produce too much androgen. (umich.edu)
Because cortisol production is impeded, the adrenal gland over-produces androgens (male steroid hormones). (encyclopedia.com)
CAH, a genetic disorder, is the most common adrenal gland disorder in infants and children, occurring in one in 10,000 total births worldwide. (encyclopedia.com)
CAH is diagnosed by a careful examination of the genitals and blood and urine tests that measure the hormones produced by the adrenal gland. (encyclopedia.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder in which the adrenal gland produces an overabundance of certain male hormones called androgens. (childrenshospital.org)
The net result is increased production from the adrenal gland of cortisol precursors and androgens. (aafp.org)
Normally, the adrenal gland secretes the hormones directly into the blood stream, in three equally prominent metabolic pathways. (childrenshospital.org)
Impaired cortisol synthesis leads to chronic elevations of ACTH and overstimulation of the adrenal cortex resulting in a hyperplastic gland. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
If you have CAH, your body's adrenal gland tries to make cortisol, but it can't make enough. (aafp.org)
Children diagnosed with Classical CAH lack the adrenal gland hormone, cortisol, resulting in patients producing too much of the male hormone, testosterone. (chla.org)
The adrenal gland is located in the abdomen and produces small amounts of hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen. (clinicaltrials.gov)
People with congenital adrenal hyperplasia lack an enzyme needed by the adrenal gland to make the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. (healthcanal.com)
Within the NICHD Division of Extramural Research (DER) , the Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch has supported research about genetic and molecular mechanisms of adrenal gland hyperplasia, prenatal screening for the disorder, and prenatal treatment of classic CAH with dexamethasone. (nih.gov)
The low level of steroids in the blood causes a gland in the brain (the pituitary) to produce large quantities of a hormone to try to stimulate the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol. (rxpgonline.com)
This is identical to the natural steroid cortisol produced by the adrenal glands, and the presence of it in the blood immediately stops the pituitary gland from sending out too much of its own hormones. (rxpgonline.com)

When 11-beta-hydroxylase is lacking, precursors that are used to form cortisol and corticosterone build up in the adrenal glands and are converted to androgens. (medlineplus.gov)
To diagnose congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), doctors do a blood test to check a person's hormone levels, specifically androgens, cortisol and aldosterone. (sharecare.com)
The adrenal glands make the steroid hormones cortisol, aldosterone and androgens. (healthcanal.com)
A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. (curehunter.com)
The autonomization of adrenal androgens production in foetal life may cause its elevated levels in female patients with CAH although treated adequately. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Diagnosis is by measurement of cortisol, its precursors, and adrenal androgens and sometimes by measuring 11-deoxycortisol after ACTH administration. (merckmanuals.com)
If the diagnosis is uncertain, levels of 11-deoxycortisol and adrenal androgens are measured before and 60 min after ACTH stimulation. (merckmanuals.com)
Treatment is cortisol replacement, typically with hydrocortisone 3.5 to 5 mg/m 2 tid, with total daily dose typically ≤ 20 mg/m 2 , which prevents further virilization and ameliorates hypertension by reducing levels of 11-deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, and adrenal androgens that are stimulated by ACTH. (merckmanuals.com)
Because cortisol synthesis is decreased, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels increase, which stimulates the adrenal cortex, causing accumulation of cortisol precursors (eg, 17-hydroxyprogesterone) and excessive production of the adrenal androgens dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. (merckmanuals.com)
A Klinefelter boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: too much or too little androgens? (springer.com)
In a boy with CAH and small testicular volume, it's important to consider that hypogonadism may be masked by the adrenal androgens excess and a karyotype should be performed once testicular adrenal rests have been ruled out. (springer.com)
However high levels of adrenal androgens may hide hypogonadism. (springer.com)
Some follow-up controls revealed adrenal androgens excess. (springer.com)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ( CAH ) refers to any of several autosomal recessive conditions resulting from biochemical paths of the steroidogenesis of cortisol from cholesterol by the adrenal glands . (bionity.com)
Several autosomal recessive disorders affecting the adrenal cortex and its development and leading to defective cortisol biosynthesis are known under the collective term "congenital adrenal hyperplasia" (CAH). (nih.gov)
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare X-linked recessive or autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in either AVPR2 or AQP2 . (springer.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited endocrine disease. (nih.gov)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a family of inherited, autosomal recessive disorders marked by enzymatic deficiencies that reduce the production of cortisol, aldosterone or both. (thermofisher.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a group of autosomal recessive diseases marked by mutation of the genes involved in steroidogenesis. (mededportal.org)

Because the adrenal zona glomerulosa is undifferentiated and inactive before delivery, it is undamaged at birth and can make aldosterone for a while, so the eventual salt-wasting crisis develops more gradually and variably than with severe 21-hydroxylase-deficient CAH. (wikipedia.org)
A mutation or deletion of any of the genes that code for enzymes involved in cortisol or aldosterone synthesis results in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (medscape.com)
When the adrenal glands make too little cortisol and aldosterone, it can endanger the child's life. (umich.edu)
The adrenal glands cannot make cortisol (stress hormone) or aldosterone (salt-retaining hormone) causing the fluid and electrolytes in the body to be out of balance. (umich.edu)
The adrenal glands make enough aldosterone, but not enough cortisol. (umich.edu)
The adrenal glands produce normal or nearly normal amounts of cortisol and aldosterone. (umich.edu)
In children with CAH, the adrenal glands lack certain enzymes needed to process cortisol and aldosterone. (chop.edu)
It is the result of a genetic defect in one of the enzymes (in most cases 21-hydroxylase) required for cortisol biosynthesis, leading to reduced levels of cortisol and aldosterone, increased ACTH concentrations and consequently increased adrenal androgen production. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia may also experience a decline in the adrenal glands' production of aldosterone, leading to low blood pressure, lower sodium level and higher potassium level. (nyp.org)
If your child has this condition, it means that her adrenal glands don't produce enough of the vital hormones cortisol and aldosterone. (childrenshospital.org)
This is due to the lack of an enzyme needed for the adrenals to make cortisol and aldosterone . (healthtap.com)
The most serious consequence is adrenal crisis and/or severe salt wasting due to lack of cortisol and/or aldosterone, which may prove fatal if undiagnosed. (oup.com)

Chevy Chase, MD-Today, The Endocrine Society released a new clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (healthcanal.com)

Inefficient cortisol production results in rising levels of ACTH , which in turn induces overgrowth ( hyperplasia ) and overactivity of the steroid -producing cells of the adrenal cortex. (bionity.com)
In this review, after a brief introduction on the developmental biology and biochemistry of the adrenal cortex and its enzymes, we will list the new developments in the genetics and treatment of diseases causing CAH, starting with the most recent findings. (nih.gov)
a series of inherited inborn errors of metabolism with hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex and overproduction of virilizing hormones. (thefreedictionary.com)
is for basic and clinical scientists and clinicians with specific interests in the adrenal cortex. (nih.gov)
Authorities in the field present current findings on topics related to the adrenal cortex. (nih.gov)

symptoms will depend on a child's age, sex, and which hormones the adrenal glands make too little or too much of. (kidshealth.org)
needed to make adrenal hormones. (kidshealth.org)
People with congenital adrenal hyperplasia lack an enzyme the adrenal glands need to make the hormones. (medlineplus.gov)
Steroids used to treat congenital adrenal hyperplasia do not usually cause side effects such as obesity or weak bones, because the doses replace the hormones that the child's body cannot make. (medlineplus.gov)
The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys and produce a variety of hormones that regulate many essential functions in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
CAH occurs when the adrenal glands are unable to produce hormones normally, leading to a hormone imbalance. (umich.edu)
In CAH, the adrenal glands grow bigger as they try to make up for the hormones they aren't making enough of. (umich.edu)
21-hydroxylase (21-OH) is the enzyme the adrenal glands need to help it make certain hormones. (umich.edu)
When there is not enough of it, the adrenal hormones get out of balance. (umich.edu)
The adrenal glands make hormones , chemical "messengers" that the body needs to function well. (umich.edu)
In CAH, the adrenal glands make too little of certain hormones. (umich.edu)
AboutKidsHealth offers a helpful, interactive explanation (with pictures and animation) of what happens with enzymes and adrenal hormones in CAH. (umich.edu)
This is a group of rare disorders that result from the impaired ability of the adrenal glands to produce vital steroid hormones. (rarediseases.org)
Perched atop each of your kidneys, your adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure and other essential functions. (sparrow.org)
In individuals with CAH, the adrenal glands produce an imbalance of these hormones which can result in ambiguous genitalia in newborn females, infertility and the development of masculine features such as development of pubic hair, rapid growth in both girls and boys before the expected age of puberty. (healthcanal.com)
The adrenal glands need an enzyme to make certain hormones. (alberta.ca)
The hormones produced by the adrenal glands affect nearly every organ in the body. (alberta.ca)
The goal of therapy in CAH has always aimed to reduce excessive androgen secretion by replacing the deficient hormones, where proper treatment with GCs and MCs prevents adrenal crisis and virilization, allowing normal growth and development [ 4 , 5 ]. (omicsonline.org)

genetic change) causes the adrenal glands to make too little cortisol. (kidshealth.org)
Parents with a family history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (of any type) or a child who has the condition should consider genetic counseling. (medlineplus.gov)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic rare disease, which alters the adrenal production of gluco and mineralo corticods. (centerwatch.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic condition in which one of several proteins in the body that are involved in producing substances involved in regulating salt and water balance and stress responses do not work properly. (zocdoc.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect the adrenal glands, a pair of walnut-sized organs above the kidneys. (sparrow.org)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder. (chop.edu)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a family of genetic disorders affecting the adrenal glands and can interfere with growth and development in children, including the normal development of the genitals. (nyp.org)
CAH is a genetic disorder of the adrenal glands. (childrenshospital.org)
CAH is a genetic disorder of the adrenal glands that affects about one in 10,000 to 20,000 newborns, both male and female. (healthcanal.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder, and it is presumed that both the husband and wife are carriers of the gene for CAH. (ndtv.com)
The basic cause is a genetic defect that prevents the adrenal glands from manufacturing the steroid hormone cortisol. (rxpgonline.com)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is diagnosed by demonstration of excess cortisol precursors in the blood, especially after a test injection of the drug ACTH. (aocd.org)
Basal plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, unlike in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, can be normal, and an ACTH stimulation test or sequential measurements of plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone throughout the day may be needed to show the abnormality. (annals.org)

We will start with the latest syndrome to be molecularly investigated, congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia (CLAH), which is caused by mutations in the gene coding for the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. (nih.gov)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia and related disorders. (pediatriconcall.com)

The excessive amounts of adrenal testosterone produce little effect on the genitalia of male infants with severe CAH. (wikipedia.org)
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a severe disorder of adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis caused by mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). (medscape.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was once considered a rare inherited disorder with severe manifestations. (aafp.org)
Even mild congenital adrenal hyperplasia can result in life-threatening sinus or pulmonary infections, orthostatic syncope, shortened stature and severe acne. (aafp.org)
Clinical presentation of steroid 21 OHD CAH can vary from mild cases presenting with hyperandrogenic symptoms in adolescence to severe cases presenting with adrenal crisis in the newborn period. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
In its most severe form, called salt-wasting CAH, a life-threatening adrenal crisis can occur if the disorder is untreated. (thefreedictionary.com)
The doctors operated and diagnosed it as TERM/SGA, congenital adrenal hyperplasia (salt-losing) with severe crisis. (ndtv.com)

White K, Arlt W. Adrenal crisis in treated Addison's disease: a predictable but under-managed event. (medscape.com)
Adrenal crisis can cause dehydration , shock, and death within 14 days of birth. (encyclopedia.com)
This is known as an adrenal crisis, and it can be life-threatening. (sparrow.org)
Affected males who are not detected by a newborn screening program are at high risk for a salt-wasting adrenal crisis because their normal male genitalia do not alert medical professionals to their condition. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
This may progress to adrenal crisis with azotemia, vascular collapse and shock if not diagnosed early. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Adrenal crisis usually occurs between 1-4 weeks of life. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Taking the medicine is important because it can help prevent a serious problem called an adrenal crisis. (alberta.ca)
What is an adrenal crisis? (alberta.ca)
Children with CAH are more likely to have an adrenal crisis, which can lead to shock and possibly death. (alberta.ca)
During an adrenal crisis, the body can't make enough cortisol to deal with extreme physical stress. (alberta.ca)
During these times, you will need to watch your child closely for adrenal crisis symptoms. (alberta.ca)
Your child has signs of an adrenal crisis. (alberta.ca)
The diagnosis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia can be immensely difficult to cope with, especially if the infant presents unwell with associated salt-losing crisis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The goal of this scenario is to provide the learner with an opportunity to manage life-threatening pediatric hyperkalemia due to adrenal crisis, where both electrolyte abnormalities and the underlying etiology must be addressed. (mededportal.org)

Diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in an unborn child can be made with special testing after amniocentesis. (aocd.org)
When checking for a misdiagnosis of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or confirming a diagnosis of Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, it is useful to consider what other medical conditions might be possible misdiagnoses or other alternative conditions relevant to diagnosis. (cureresearch.com)

Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia is rare, affecting only one in 14,000 patients, but mild forms of the disease may occur in one of every 100 to 1,000 persons. (aafp.org)
If someone has non classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, how long once on treatment until effects are visible? (healthtap.com)
Background: The patients with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have increased cardiovascular risk due to the lifelong glucocorticoid therapy and the disease per se. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

The anthropometric, metabolic, endocrine and quality of life variables of adults with congenital adrenal Hyperplasia will be compared to reference ranges for the normal population. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Investigate the medical health of adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Context: Quality of life (QoL) has been variously reported as normal or impaired in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (whiterose.ac.uk)

What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia? (kidshealth.org)
Symptoms will vary, depending on the type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia someone has, and their age when the disorder is diagnosed. (medlineplus.gov)
Children with milder forms may not have signs or symptoms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and may not be diagnosed until as late as adolescence. (medlineplus.gov)
Do the symptoms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia differ by gender? (healthtap.com)
What symptoms does someone with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have? (healthtap.com)

The incidence of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is especially high in Madagascar and certain areas of Alaska. (aafp.org)
Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is usually detected in infancy or early childhood. (nyp.org)
Witchel SF, 2013 Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (springer.com)

CAH results when two defective genes for adrenal enzyme production, one from each parent, are inherited by a child," says Maria Vogiatzi, MD, Chief of Pediatric Endocrinology. (nyp.org)
The Division of Endocrinology at Children's Hospital Los Angeles is committed to improving the quality of care and services for individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). (chla.org)
NICHD researchers within the Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics in the Division of Intramurtook al Research (DIR) conduct studies to characterize the genotypes of parents of children with the classic CAH and to examine the structure and function of the adrenal glands in patients with the classic form of the disorder. (nih.gov)

CAH results from mutations of genes for enzymes mediating the biochemical steps of production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, or sex steroids from cholesterol by the adrenal glands (steroidogenesis). (wikipedia.org)
Both classic and nonclassic forms of the disease are caused by deficiencies in the adrenal enzymes that are used to synthesize glucocorticoids. (aafp.org)
The production of adrenal enzymes is controlled by genes, with the chromosomal composition of an individual coming from each of the parents. (nyp.org)

A rapid screening for steroid 21-hydroxylase mutations in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (uniprot.org)
3βHSD2D is caused by HSD3B2 gene mutations and characterized by impaired steroid synthesis in the gonads and the adrenal glands and subsequent increased dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations. (urotoday.com)
Direct molecular diagnosis of CYP21 mutations in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (bmj.com)
The majority of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) cases arise from mutations in the steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) gene. (bmj.com)

Yes, the dose of steroids used in CAH are equivalent to the amount produced by the adrenal glands under normal conditions, and there is NO reason for your child to be managed differently where vaccinations are concerned. (livingwithcah.com)

Nevertheless, case reports of patients so carefully observed and followed till adulthood add valuable information to the understanding of any congenital anomaly. (frontiersin.org)
Recognition of the problem and timely replacement therapy can reduce morbidity and enhance quality of life in patients that are affected by congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (aafp.org)
1 Patients with mild congenital adrenal hyperplasia are frequently unable to mount sufficient stress responses to trauma and infection. (aafp.org)
The Hormone Foundation, the patient education affiliate of The Endocrine Society, has published a new bilingual fact sheet about congenital adrenal hyperplasia for patients. (healthcanal.com)
According to their data, 10% of patients with myelolipoma had congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and 18.3% of all adrenal myelolipomas were associated with an endocrine disorder. (springer.com)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) patients are at higher risk of systemic hypertension secondary to high steroid dose therapy. (omicsonline.org)
RESULTS: Patients were divided to two groups, late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LOCAH) (25/142), non-LOCAH (117/142). (minervamedica.it)

Individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) require glucocorticoid therapy to replace cortisol and to control androgen excess. (medpagetoday.com)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is diagnosed by demonstration of excess cortisol precursors in the serum during an adrenal corticotropic hormone challenge. (aafp.org)
Diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyerplasia in fetuses that are at risk for congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be determined using human leukocyte antigen haplotype or by demonstration of excess cortisol precursors in amniotic fluid. (aafp.org)
The five forms of CAH are summarized in Table I . Impaired enzyme function at each step of adrenal cortisol biosynthesis leads to a unique combination of retained precursors and deficient products. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: update on prenatal diagnosis and treatment. (radiopaedia.org)

The importance of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a cause of hirsutism is controversial. (annals.org)
Thus late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia appears to be an allelic variant of congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia with a milder enzymatic defect. (annals.org)

All infants born in the United States are screened for congenital adrenal hyperplasia through a blood test. (chop.edu)
3.Hernanz-Schulman M, Brock JW, Russell W. Sonographic findings in infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (radiopaedia.org)

Testes ultrasound showed no signs of adrenal rest tumor. (springer.com)

Pall M, Azziz R, Beires J, et al, 2010 The phenotype of hirsute women: a comparison of polycystic ovary syndrome and 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia. (springer.com)

Schuh A, Burns R, Reid J, Stone K. Pediatric emergency medicine simulation: hyperkalemia due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (mededportal.org)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasias (CAH) are inherited defects of cortisol biosynthesis. (unboundmedicine.com)
A1 - Forest,Maguelone G, PY - 2004/10/30/pubmed PY - 2005/3/24/medline PY - 2004/10/30/entrez SP - 469 EP - 85 JF - Human reproduction update JO - Hum Reprod Update VL - 10 IS - 6 N2 - Congenital adrenal hyperplasias (CAH) are inherited defects of cortisol biosynthesis. (unboundmedicine.com)

How does congenital adrenal hyperplasia cause chronic Addison disease? (medscape.com)
In the Adrenal and Puberty Center at CHOP, our team will work with your family to develop an individualized treatment plan to manage your child's disease. (chop.edu)
What sort of disease is congenital adrenal hyperplasia? (healthtap.com)
Addison, G. M. is the author of 'Practical Developments in Inherited Metabolic Disease DNA Analysis, Phenylketonuria and Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia' with ISBN 9780852006900 and ISBN 085200690X. (valorebooks.com)

Ovarian and adrenal androgen production is minimal and produces little pubic or other body hair. (wikipedia.org)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an inherited disorder of the adrenal glands that can affect both boys and girls. (chop.edu)

In some cases, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can affect fertility. (medlineplus.gov)
Little is known regarding possible negative long-term consequences of 3βHSD2D and its treatments, e.g., fertility, final height, osteoporosis and fractures, adrenal and testicular tumor risk, and mortality. (urotoday.com)
In males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), the fertility rate is reduced compared with the healthy population and the most frequent cause is testicular adrenal rest tumor. (springer.com)

What Causes Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia? (kidshealth.org)
What causes congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)? (childrenshospital.org)

The hallmark of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is inadequate production of glucocorticoids. (aafp.org)

Dexamethasone (DEX) administration to the pregnant woman has become the treatment of choice for the prevention of genital masculinization in female fetuses affected with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (nih.gov)

On June 1, 1989, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) began testing all newborn screening specimens for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). (texas.gov)
Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is usually done by quantifying 17α-hydroxyprogesterone using immunoassay. (ovid.com)

At the same time, the adrenal glands make too much androgen. (umich.edu)

My baby expired due to a birth defect called congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). (ndtv.com)

however, adrenal androgen levels are slightly elevated, resulting in mild androgen excess in childhood or adulthood. (merckmanuals.com)

Anatomy5

Diseases30

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes8

Named Groups2

Health Care1

Mutation screening in British 21-hydroxylase deficiency families and development of novel microsatellite based approaches to prenatal diagnosis. (1/446)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: not really a zebra. (2/446)

Tracing past population migrations: genealogy of steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) gene mutations in Finland. (3/446)

Modular variations of the human major histocompatibility complex class III genes for serine/threonine kinase RP, complement component C4, steroid 21-hydroxylase CYP21, and tenascin TNX (the RCCX module). A mechanism for gene deletions and disease associations. (4/446)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in intron 2 of CYP21P: evidence for a higher rate of mutation at CpG dinucleotides in the functional steroid 21-hydroxylase gene and application to segregation analysis in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (5/446)

Mutation analysis in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the Spanish population: identification of putative novel steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency alleles associated with the classic form of the disease. (6/446)

Fluorescent PCR and automated fragment analysis in preimplantation genetic diagnosis for 21-hydroxylase deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (7/446)

Adrenomedullary function is severely impaired in 21-hydroxylase-deficient mice. (8/446)

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital

Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

Hyperplasia

Adrenal Glands

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone

Adrenal Gland Diseases

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction

Pregnanetriol

Fludrocortisone

Hydroxyprogesterones

Adrenal Cortex

Adrenal Rest Tumor

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms

Virilism

Cushing Syndrome

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Adrenal Insufficiency

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms

Adrenal Medulla

Cortodoxone

17-Ketosteroids

Adrenal Cortex Diseases

Hydrocortisone

Adrenalectomy

Mineralocorticoids

Hirsutism

Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase

46, XY Disorders of Sex Development

Hyperaldosteronism

Prostatic Hyperplasia

17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Adrenocortical Adenoma

Antley-Bixler Syndrome Phenotype

Cosyntropin

Age Determination by Skeleton

Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX

Neonatal Screening

Glucocorticoids

Disorders of Sex Development

Androstenedione

Aldosterone

Puberty, Precocious

Sexual Infantilism

Adenoma

Steroid Hydroxylases

Reproductive Physiological Phenomena

Androgens

Dexamethasone

Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XY

Infant, Newborn

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Hypokalemia

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

Gingival Hyperplasia

Puberty

Thymus Hyperplasia

Steroids

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

Prenatal Diagnosis

Infant, Postmature

Genitalia

Testosterone

Obstetric Surgical Procedures

Mutation

Urogenital Abnormalities

Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes

Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone

Receptors, Vasopressin

Renin

Body Height

Tunica Intima

Complement C4

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Radioimmunoassay

Frameshift Mutation

Heterozygote Detection

Pseudogenes