Adrenal gland diseases. Medical search

Pathological processes of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two KIDNEYS. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the ADRENAL CORTEX producing STEROIDS and the ADRENAL MEDULLA producing NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

Diseases of the sebaceous glands such as sebaceous hyperplasia and sebaceous cell carcinoma (SEBACEOUS GLAND NEOPLASMS).

Diseases of the SWEAT GLANDS.

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

The tear-forming and tear-conducting system which includes the lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system.

INFLAMMATION of salivary tissue (SALIVARY GLANDS), usually due to INFECTION or injuries.

The sebaceous glands situated on the inner surface of the eyelids between the tarsal plates and CONJUNCTIVA.

The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (outer ZONA GLOMERULOSA, middle ZONA FASCICULATA, and inner ZONA RETICULARIS) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease in which the salivary and lacrimal glands undergo progressive destruction by lymphocytes and plasma cells resulting in decreased production of saliva and tears. The primary form, often called sicca syndrome, involves both KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA and XEROSTOMIA. The secondary form includes, in addition, the presence of a connective tissue disease, usually rheumatoid arthritis.

Conditions in which the production of adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS falls below the requirement of the body. Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS.

Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).

Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.

MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.

Glands of external secretion that release its secretions to the body's cavities, organs, or surface, through a duct.

One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders.

A benign neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is characterized by a well-defined nodular lesion, usually less than 2.5 cm. Most adrenocortical adenomas are nonfunctional. The functional ones are yellow and contain LIPIDS. Depending on the cell type or cortical zone involved, they may produce ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE.

A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.

The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.

The largest of the three pairs of SALIVARY GLANDS. They lie on the sides of the FACE immediately below and in front of the EAR.

The wide middle zone of the adrenal cortex. This zone produces a series of enzymes that convert PREGNENOLONE to cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) via 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)

A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)

Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.

A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium.

The inner zone of the adrenal cortex. This zone produces the enzymes that convert PREGNENOLONE, a 21-carbon steroid, to 19-carbon steroids (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE) via 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPREGNENOLONE.

Sweat-producing structures that are embedded in the DERMIS. Each gland consists of a single tube, a coiled body, and a superficial duct.

Excess production of ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE. Hyperadrenal syndromes include CUSHING SYNDROME; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and VIRILISM.

Small, sacculated organs found within the DERMIS. Each gland has a single duct that emerges from a cluster of oval alveoli. Each alveolus consists of a transparent BASEMENT MEMBRANE enclosing epithelial cells. The ducts from most sebaceous glands open into a HAIR FOLLICLE, but some open on the general surface of the SKIN. Sebaceous glands secrete SEBUM.

Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system.

A salivary gland on each side of the mouth below the TONGUE.

A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.

A sebaceous gland that, in some animals, acts as an accessory to the lacrimal gland. The harderian gland excretes fluid that facilitates movement of the third eyelid.

A sterol usually substituted with radioactive iodine. It is an adrenal cortex scanning agent with demonstrated high adrenal concentration and superior adrenal imaging.

The cells of the body which stain with chromium salts. They occur along the sympathetic nerves, in the adrenal gland, and in various other organs.

An adrenal microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP21 gene, converts progesterones to precursors of adrenal steroid hormones (CORTICOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE). Defects in CYP21 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).

A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.

The narrow subcapsular outer zone of the adrenal cortex. This zone produces a series of enzymes that convert PREGNENOLONE to ALDOSTERONE. The final steps involve three successive oxidations by CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP11B2.

Examinations that evaluate and monitor hormone production in the adrenal cortex.

Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.

An adrenal disease characterized by the progressive destruction of the ADRENAL CORTEX, resulting in insufficient production of ALDOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Clinical symptoms include ANOREXIA; NAUSEA; WEIGHT LOSS; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; and HYPERPIGMENTATION of the SKIN due to increase in circulating levels of ACTH precursor hormone which stimulates MELANOCYTES.

A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.

A rare benign tumor of the adrenal gland, several centimeters in diameter, composed in varying proportions of adipose tissue, lymphocytes, and primitive myeloid cells, probably a developmental abnormality. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Infection of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.

A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 11-beta-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11B1 gene, is important in the synthesis of CORTICOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Defects in CYP11B1 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).

A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands and various other organs. These granules are the site of the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.

In vivo evidence that endogenous dopamine modulates sympathetic activity in man. (1/202)

Dopamine receptors type 2 (D2)-like receptor blockers cause an increase in the norepinephrine response to intense physical exercise. However, during intense physical exercise, D2-like antagonists also cause an increase in the epinephrine response, which itself might cause an increase in plasma norepinephrine through the activation of beta2 presynaptic receptors. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of domperidone, a D2-like antagonist, on the norepinephrine response to physical exercise in 6 Addison patients (3 were adrenalectomized and 3 had adrenal tuberculosis). In these patients, the norepinephrine increase observed during exercise was significantly higher after the administration of domperidone than a placebo (F=4,328; P<0.001). Because peripheral plasma norepinephrine does not reflect the sympathetic tone to the heart accurately, we evaluated the effect of domperidone administration (20 mg orally) on the sympathovagal balance, which was measured by the ratio between the high- and low-frequency components of heart rate variability, in 9 normal volunteers in the supine and sitting positions. When compared with placebo, domperidone caused a significant increase in the low/high frequency ratio (P<0.05) in the sitting position without modifying basal and stimulated norepinephrine plasma levels or blood pressure. These data support a role for endogenous dopamine in modulating norepinephrine release by human sympathetic nerves in vivo. (+info)

Traumatic adrenal injury in children. (2/202)

BACKGROUND: Multiple organ injury in children is an increasingly frequent phenomenon in the modern emergency room. Adrenal hemorrhage associated with this type of trauma has received little attention in the past. OBJECTIVES: Using computed tomography, we sought to determine the rate and nature of adrenal gland injury in children following blunt abdominal trauma due to motor vehicular accident. METHODS: A total of 121 children with blunt abdominal trauma were examined and total body CT was performed in cases of multi-organ trauma or severe neurological injury. RESULTS: Of all the children who presented with blunt abdominal trauma over a 51 month period, 6 (4.95%) had adrenal hemorrhage. In all cases only the right adrenal gland was affected. Coincidental injury to the chest and other abdominal organs was noted in 66.7% and 50% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic adrenal injury in the pediatric population may be more common than previously suspected. Widespread application of the more sophisticated imaging modalities available today will improve the detection of damage to the smaller organs in major collision injuries and will help in directing attention to the mechanism of trauma. (+info)

A case of hypothalamic adrenal insufficiency manifested normal ACTH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. (3/202)

A low plasma ACTH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and an exaggerated and delayed plasma ACTH response to CRH stimulation have been considered as an indicator of hypothalamic hypopituitarism. We report a case of hypothalamic adrenal insufficiency which manifested normal ACTH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. This case provides important information to categorize hypothalamic adrenal insufficiency caused by abnormal regulation of CRH release. (+info)

Apparently normal ovarian differentiation in a prepubertal girl with transcriptionally inactive steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1/SF-1) and adrenocortical insufficiency. (4/202)

Steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1/SF-1) plays an essential role in the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes, controlling expression of their many important genes. The recent description of a 46,XY patient bearing a mutation in the NR5A1 gene, causing male pseudohermaphroditism and adrenal failure, demonstrated the crucial role of SF-1 in male gonadal differentiation. The role of SF-1 in human ovarian development was, until now, unknown. We describe a phenotypically and genotypically normal girl, with signs and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency and no apparent defect in ovarian maturation, bearing a heterozygote G-->T transversion in exon 4 of the NR5A1 gene that leads to the missense R255L in the SF-1 protein. The exchange does not interfere with protein translation and stability. Consistent with the clinical picture, R255L is transcriptionally inactive and has no dominant-negative activity. The inability of the mutant (MUT) NR5A1/SF-1 to bind canonical DNA sequences might offer a possible explanation for the failure of the mutant protein to transactivate target genes. This is the first report of a mutation in the NR5A1 gene in a genotypically female patient, and it suggests that NR5A1/SF-1 is not necessary for female gonadal development, confirming the crucial role of NR5A1/SF-1 in adrenal gland formation in both sexes. (+info)

Endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy: lessons learned from 111 consecutive cases. (5/202)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy (ERA). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Minimally invasive adrenalectomy has become the procedure of choice for benign adrenal pathology. Although the adrenal glands are located in the retroperitoneum, most surgeons prefer the transperitoneal laparoscopic approach to adrenal tumors. METHODS: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 111 ERAs from January 1994 to December 1999 were evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients underwent 111 ERAs (79 unilateral, 16 bilateral). Indications were Cushing syndrome (n = 22), Cushing disease (n = 8), ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (n = 6), Conn's adenoma (n = 25), pheochromocytoma (n = 19), incidentaloma (n = 11), and other (n = 4). Tumor size varied from 0.1 to 8 cm. Median age was 50 years. Unilateral ERA required 114 minutes, with median blood loss of 65 mL. Bilateral ERA lasted 214 minutes, with median blood loss of 121 mL. The conversion rate to open surgery was 4.5%. The complication rate was 11%. Median postoperative hospital stay was 2 days for unilateral ERA and 5 days for bilateral ERA. The death rate was 0.9%. At a median follow-up of 14 months, the recurrence rate of disease was 0.9%. CONCLUSION: For benign adrenal tumors less than 6 cm, ERA is recommended. (+info)

Evaluation of incidental renal and adrenal masses. (6/202)

Incidental renal or adrenal masses are sometimes found during imaging for problems unrelated to the kidneys and adrenal glands. Knowledgeable family physicians can reliably diagnose these masses, thereby avoiding unnecessary worry and procedures for their patients. A practical and cost-efficient means of evaluating renal lesions combines ultrasonography and computed tomographic scanning, with close communication between the family physician and the radiologist. Asymptomatic patients with simple renal cysts require no further evaluation. Patients with minimally complicated renal cysts can be followed radiographically. Magnetic resonance imaging is indicated in patients with indeterminate renal masses, and referral is required in patients with symptoms or solid masses. The need for referral of patients with adrenal masses is determined by careful assessment of clinical signs and symptoms, as well as the results of screening laboratory studies and appropriate radiologic studies. Referral is indicated for patients with incidental adrenal masses more than 6 cm in greatest diameter. Appropriate laboratory screening tests include the following: a 24-hour urinary free cortisol measurement for patients with evidence of Cushing's syndrome; a 24-hour urinary metanephrine, vanillylmandelic acid or catecholamine measurement for patients with evidence of pheochromocytoma; and a serum potassium level for patients with evidence of hyperaldosteronism. (+info)

Adrenal gland: structure, function, and mechanisms of toxicity. (7/202)

The adrenal gland is one of the most common endocrine organs affected by chemically induced lesions. In the adrenal cortex, lesions are more frequent in the zona fasciculata and reticularis than in the zona glomerulosa. The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones with a 17-carbon nucleus following a series of hydroxylation reactions that occur in the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Toxic agents for the adrenal cortex include short-chain aliphatic compounds, lipidosis inducers, amphiphilic compounds, natural and synthetic steroids, and chemicals that affect hydroxylation. Morphologic evaluation of cortical lesions provides insight into the sites of inhibition of steroidogenesis. The adrenal cortex response to injury is varied. Degeneration (vacuolar and granular), necrosis, and hemorrhage are common findings of acute injury. In contrast, chronic reparative processes are typically atrophy, fibrosis, and nodular hyperplasia. Chemically induced proliferative lesions are uncommon in the adrenal cortex. The adrenal medulla contains chromaffin cells (that produce epinephrine, norepinephrine, chromogranin, and neuropeptides) and ganglion cells. Proliferative lesions of the medulla are common in the rat and include diffuse or nodular hyperplasia and benign and malignant pheochromocytoma. Mechanisms of chromaffin cell proliferation in rats include excess growth hormone or prolactin, stimulation of cholinergic nerves, and diet-induced hypercalcemia. There often are species specificity and age dependence in the development of chemically induced adrenal lesions that should be considered when interpreting toxicity data. (+info)

New adrenal-scanning agent. (8/202)

A new adrenal-specific compound, 6beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholest-5(10)-en-3beta-ol(NCL-3-I), which is derived from 19-iodocholesterol (CL-19-I), has been found. Tissue distribution studies have revealed that the rat adrenal gland accumulates ten times more NCL-6-131-I than CL-19-131-I. The advantage of NCL-6-131-I as a possible adrenal-scanning agent is discussed. (+info)

Adrenoleukodystrophy; leads to progressive brain damage, failure of the adrenal glands and eventually death. ... Fabry disease; A lysosomal storage disease causing anhidrosis, fatigue, angiokeratomas, burning extremity pain and ocular ... "Diseases Treated at St. Jude". stjude.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2018.. ... Hemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease,[11] a blood clotting disorder caused by a mutation of the Factor IX gene and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_recessive_inheritance

Samuel David Gross (1851). A Practical Treatise On the Diseases and Injuries of the Urinary Bladder, the Prostate Gland, and ... Androgens include testosterone, which is made in the testes; dehydroepiandrosterone, made in the adrenal glands; and ... Thus, the peripheral gland has a higher signal on T2WI than the central gland. In the peripheral gland, prostate cancer appears ... None is found in the anterior fibromuscular stroma since no glands are in that anatomic space. The prostate glands require male ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Addison's disease Adrenal gland Hyperaldosteronism Pseudohypoaldosteronism Becker, Kenneth L. (2001). Principles and practice ... The two hormones are both produced by the adrenals.) There are several causes for this condition, including adrenal ... Aldosterone synthase deficiency Secondary aldosterone deficiency Secondary adrenal insufficiency Diseases of the pituitary or ... Primary aldosterone deficiency Primary adrenal insufficiency Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21 but not 11β and 17) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoaldosteronism

Diseases of the adrenal glands. Die Gallensteine, in: Deutsche Klnik, Bd. 5, 105 - Gallstones. Ausgewählte Kapitel der ... He specialized in disorders of the blood, circulatory system, liver and adrenal glands, and was considered an excellent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_von_Neusser

Adrenal glands of female fetuses with CAH begin producing excess testosterone by the 9th week of gestation. The most important ... Since CAH is an autosomal recessive disease, most children with CAH are born to parents unaware of the risk and with no family ... Testicular adrenal rest tumors[edit]. Infertility observed in adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) has been ... 2007). "Testicular adrenal rest tumors and Leydig and Sertoli cell function in boys with classical congenital adrenal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-hydroxylase_deficiency

... is in the adrenal glands. This occurs in 40% of localized tumors and in 60% of cases of widespread disease. Neuroblastoma can ... Stage L1: Localized disease without image-defined risk factors.. *Stage L2: Localized disease with image-defined risk factors. ... It most frequently starts from one of the adrenal glands, but can also develop in the neck, chest, abdomen, or spine.[1] ... Low-risk disease in babies typically has a good outcome with surgery or simply observation.[4] In high-risk disease, chances of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroblastoma

Surgery of the kidney, ureter and the adrenal glands); Enke, Stuttgart 1896-1902, 2.Bd. Geschichte der neueren deutschen ... He is credited for developing the foundation of modern radical mastoidectomy for treatment of chronic ear disease. Küster's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Georg_Ferdinand_Küster

For the disease affecting the adrenal glands, see Addison's disease.. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, of which pernicious anemia ... "Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 1 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-17. PMC 1513194. PMID 16722557.. ... Tamparo, Carol (2016). Diseases of the Human Body. F.A. Davis. p. 295. ISBN 9780803657915. . Archived from the original on 2016 ... Professional guide to diseases (9 ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2009. p. 502. ISBN ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernicious_anaemia

Adrenal gland Adrenarche Ferriman-Gallwey score Hirsutism Puberty Tanner staging Auchus, Richard J.; Rainey, William E. (1 ... March 2004). "Adrenarche - physiology, biochemistry and human disease". Clinical Endocrinology. 60 (3): 288-296. doi:10.1046/j. ... Axillary hair goes through four stages of development, driven by weak androgens produced by the adrenal in males and females ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underarm_hair

Hypoadrenocorticism also known as Addison's disease, it affects the adrenal glands and is essentially the opposite to Cushing's ... This is an autoimmune disease which affects the thyroid gland.[74]. Non-immune specific conditions[edit]. Other non-immune ... Immune-mediated endocrine diseases[edit]. In addition to these there are also the immune-mediated endocrine diseases with a ... Autoimmune diseases[edit]. There are many autoimmune diseases that are known to sometimes occur in the Akita. These include, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Akita

Adenomas of adrenal glands occurs occasionally in MEN 1 patients. Hormone secretion is rarely altered as a result, and the ... Peptic ulcer disease may be intractable and complicated. Among patients presenting with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 20 to 60% ... About 3% of tumors secrete ACTH, producing Cushing's disease. Most of the remainder are nonfunctional. Local tumor expansion ... parathyroid gland and pancreas. It was first described by Paul Wermer in 1954. Hyperparathyroidism is present in ≥ 90% of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia_type_1

MEN2A (which affects 60% to 90% of MEN2 families):Medullary thyroid carcinoma; Pheochromocytoma (tumor of the adrenal glands); ... Specific diseases[edit]. This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient ... with the more common diseases consisting of heart disease and cancer.[2] The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out ... "Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 5: 11. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-5-11. ISSN 1750-1172. PMC 2893117. PMID 20492708.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_testing

Highest expression occurs within the prostate, trachea, uterus, small intestine, placenta, thyroid, salivary gland, and adrenal ... TMCO4 interacts with other proteins known to play a role in cancer development, hinting at a possible role in the disease of ... TMCO4 is not currently directly linked to any disease or phenotype. However, interacting with a VEGF receptor may be indicative ... gland. Expression of TMCO4 is predicted to be controlled by many transcription factors. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMCO4

Among the most common are cancers affecting the adrenal glands, pancreas, and lymphatic system. Viral diseases include canine ... respiratory diseases such as SARS and human influenza, airway physiology, cystic fibrosis and gastrointestinal disease. Because ... Most pet ferrets in the US are sold descented (anal glands removed). In many other parts of the world, including the UK and ... As with skunks, ferrets can release their anal gland secretions when startled or scared, but the smell is much less potent and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferret

Adrenal disease, a growth of the adrenal glands that can be either hyperplasia or cancer, is most often diagnosed by signs like ... It has also been suggested that there may be a hereditary component to adrenal disease. Adrenal disease is usually detected ... Among the most common are cancers affecting the adrenal glands, pancreas, and lymphatic system. Viral diseases include canine ... Ferrets treated for adrenal disease may temporarily have severe hair loss as their bodies recover from the disease. Insulinoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferret_health

... adrenal glands, thymus, gallbladder, and thyroid; Hirschsprung's disease; gastric reflux, imperforate anus, retention testis, ... Because of the rarity of the disease in addition to the variations in the disease, the specific genes that cause this disease ... 13q deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disease caused by the deletion of some or all of the large arm of human chromosome 13. ... This disease is also known as: 13q- Syndrome, Partial, Deletion 13q Syndrome, Partial Monosomy 13q, Partial Partial Monosomy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13q_deletion_syndrome

DHEA and DHEA sulfate are produced by the adrenal glands. In people with adrenal insufficiency such as in Addison's disease, ... In people with adrenal insufficiency, oral dosages of 20 to 50 mg/day prasterone have been found to restore DHEA and DHEA-S ... It has been studied as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease, but there is no evidence that it is effective or ineffective. More ... It also may stop menstruation and lower the levels of HDL ("good" cholesterol), which could raise the risk of heart disease. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasterone

These include renal artery stenosis and tumors (generally nonmalignant) of the adrenal glands, e.g., Conn's syndrome (primary ... As opposed to disease states of primary excesses of aldosterone, blood pressure is either normal or low in Bartter's or ... Disease states that lead to abnormally high aldosterone levels can cause hypertension and excessive urinary losses of potassium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypokalemia

Erythrocytosis is common in regions of the liver, kidney, adrenal glands, lung, thymus, and central nervous system (as well as ... The following diseases manifest by means of endocrine dysfunction: Cushing syndrome, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic ... The root cause is extremely difficult to identify for paraneoplastic syndrome, as there are so many ways the disease can ... Research suggests that patients who are treated with ICIs are more susceptible to CNS disease (since the mechanism of ICIs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraneoplastic_syndrome

... that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce excessive amounts of cortisol. Cushing's disease may cause fatigue, weight gain, ... Hyperpituitarism is a disease of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is usually caused by a functional pituitary ... The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes, the anterior lobe (which accounts for two thirds of the volume of the gland), ... The pituitary gland or hypophysis is often referred to as the "master gland" of the human body. Part of the hypothalamic- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma

Corticosteroids are steroid hormones that are naturally produced in the adrenal glands. These hormones regulate stress ... Office of Rare Diseases, National Institutes of Health (25 January 2005). "Annual Report on the Rare Diseases and Conditions ... National Institutes of Health and its Office of Rare Diseases Research branch classifies GKD as a rare disease, known to affect ... Due to the multitude of varying symptoms of this disease, there is no specific treatment that will cure this disease altogether ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol_kinase_deficiency

It is most significantly expressed in bronchial epithelial cells and adrenal gland and cortex tissue. Michael S. Brown and ... The LDLR gene also contains one of 27 SNPs associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. The LDLR gene resides on ... July 2014). "Loss-of-function mutations in APOC3, triglycerides, and coronary disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. ... and a genetic disease". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 81 (9): 2826-30. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor

... which affiliates with the reduction in the synthesis of glucocorticoid hormones in the adrenal glands. The extra-adrenal ... Cushing's Disease, synonymous with hypercortisolism, involves overwhelming the cortisol-neutralizing ability of 11β-HSD2 with ... HSD-11βs are active in organs and in the adrenal gland. The two isoenzymes take on various duties. During an active state, HSD- ... "Activity of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Adrenal Glands, Liver, and Kidneys of Rats with Experimental Diabetes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase

... which is secreted by the adrenal gland. The high concentrations of aldosterone may be due directly to a disorder of the adrenal ... Persistently increased blood pressure may also be due to kidney disease or hyperthyroidism. When a cause is not readily ... Diagnostic imaging, usually beginning with abdominal ultrasound, may identify that one or both adrenal glands are enlarged. ... gland (primary hyperaldosteronism), or due to something outside of the adrenal gland causing it to secrete excessive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feline_hyperaldosteronism

Mutations in the PRKACA gene that promote abnormal enzyme activity have been linked to disease of the adrenal gland. Several ... Protein kinase A has been implicated in a number of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, tumors of the adrenal cortex, ... It has been speculated that abnormally high levels of PKA phosphorylation contributes to heart disease. This affects excitation ... Defective regulation of PKA holoenzyme activity has been linked to the progression of cardiovascular disease, certain endocrine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRKACA

In either case, treatment may rely on removal of the tumor or of the adrenal glands. Without the adrenal glands, the human body ... Addison's disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the adrenal cortex such that it is unable to efficiently secrete ... or it can also be caused by a tumor in the pituitary gland or adrenal gland. ... The immune system specifically targets the cells of the adrenal cortex and destroys them, but Addison's disease can also be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocortical_hormone

866-7); The Adrenal Gland (p. 1059)". Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1- ... Kumar, Abbas; Fausto, Aster (2010). "11". Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. p. 493. ISBN 978-1-4160- ... In the adrenal glands, it is likely involved in the paracrine regulation of aldosterone secretion; in the heart and vasculature ... Locally expressed renin-angiotensin systems have been found in a number of tissues, including the kidneys, adrenal glands, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAA_system

The thyroid gland became the model for transplants of adrenal and parathyroid glands, pancreas, ovary, testicles and kidney. By ... The recipient's liver can then be transplanted into an older person for whom the effects of the disease will not necessarily ... Kocher was awarded his Nobel Prize in 1909 for the discovery of the function of the thyroid gland. At the same time, organs ... For example, liver allocation is based partially on MELD score (Model of End-Stage Liver Disease), an empirical score based on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_transplantation

... adrenal glands, heart, skin, gonads, joints, and the pancreas; patients can present with cirrhosis, polyarthropathy, adrenal ... as well as age at which they are studied for manifestations of disease. Penetrance differs between populations. Disease-causing ... but also the knee and shoulder joints Damage to the adrenal gland, leading to adrenal insufficiency Less common findings ... diseases such as Wilson's disease, chronic manganese poisoning, and hyperuricaemic syndrome in Dalmatian dogs. The latter also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_haemochromatosis

... and adrenal gland cells.[93] Viral replication triggers high levels of inflammatory chemical signals and leads to a septic ... "Ebola Virus Disease". SRHD. Retrieved 15 September 2020.. *^ a b c d "Q&A on Transmission, Ebola". Centers for Disease Control ... "About Ebola Virus Disease". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Archived from the original on 16 October 2014. ... "Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) Transmission". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 5 November 2014. Archived from the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

... that stimulates the synthesis of cortisol by the adrenal glands. Pituitary adenomas are responsible for 80% of endogenous ... The disease is often diagnosed 3-6 years after the onset of illness.[19] Several studies have shown that Cushing's disease is ... Cases of Cushing's disease are rare, and little epidemiological data is available on the disease. An 18-year study conducted on ... Cushing disease, tertiary or secondary hypercortisolism, tertiary or secondary hypercorticism, Itsenko-Cushing disease[1][2]. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing's_disease

Another androgenic hormone responsible for increased sebaceous gland activity is DHEA-S. The adrenal glands secrete higher ... This article is about a skin disease common during adolescence. For other acneiform skin diseases, see Acne (disambiguation). ... Disease Primers. 1: 15033. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.33. PMID 27227877.. *^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions: Acne" (PDF). U.S. ... Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when dead skin cells and oil from the skin clog hair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

Mandel SJ, Brent GA, Larsen PR (September 1993). "Levothyroxine therapy in patients with thyroid disease". Annals of Internal ... Sherwood, Lauralee (2010). "19 The Peripheral Endocrine Glands". Human Physiology. Brooks/Cole. p. 694. ISBN 978-0-495-39184-5. ... Acute overdose may cause fever, hypoglycemia, heart failure, coma, and unrecognized adrenal insufficiency. ... Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of thyroxine (T4), an endogenous hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, which is converted to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine

... subluxation is the sole cause of disease and manipulation is the cure for all diseases of the human race.[4][41] A 2003 ... Most of these go to muscles and are therefore called motor impulses; some are secretory and enter glands; a portion are ... Palmer, a magnetic healer, hypothesized that manual manipulation of the spine could cure disease.[214] The first chiropractic ... A subluxated vertebra ... is the cause of 95 percent of all diseases ... The other five percent is caused by displaced joints ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiropractors

During embryonic development, the thyroid gland is being formed, beginning at the base of the tongue and moving towards the ... Thyroid disease. *Persistent thyroglossal duct. *Thyroglossal cyst. *Congenital hypothyroidism *Thyroid dysgenesis. *Thyroid ... as an irregular neck mass or a lump which develops from cells and tissues left over after the formation of the thyroid gland ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroglossal_cyst

This process occurs mainly in the gonads and adrenal glands. These drugs include aminoglutethimide, ketoconazole,[106] and ... Richard A. Helms; David J. Quan (2006). Textbook of Therapeutics: Drug and Disease Management. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ... Giuseppe Buonocore; Rodolfo Bracci; Michael Weindling (28 January 2012). Neonatology: A Practical Approach to Neonatal Diseases ... Antigonadotropins are drugs that suppress the GnRH-mediated secretion of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland.[64] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiandrogen

ACTH is transported by the blood to the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland, where it rapidly stimulates biosynthesis of ... Kim JE, Cho BK, Cho DH, Park HJ (July 2013). "Expression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in common skin diseases: ... the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the thalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands ( ... Cortisol produced in the adrenal cortex will negatively feedback to inhibit both the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal_axis

... above 700-800 µg/dL are highly suggestive of adrenal dysfunction because DHEA-S is made exclusively by the adrenal glands.[60][ ... Polycystic ovarian disease: heritability and heterogeneity. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2001, 7 (1): 3-7. PMID 11212071. doi:10.1093/ ... PCOS, coronary heart disease, stroke and the influence of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod. Update. ... Nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia and the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1993, 687: 193-205. ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/多囊卵巢綜合症

... adrenal glands and reproductive organs. For a person of about 150 pounds (68 kg), typical total body content is about 35 g, ... This disease process leads to myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke and peripheral vascular disease. Since higher blood ... in the adrenal glands) and progesterone, estrogens, and testosterone (the sex hormones), and their derivatives. It provides the ... liver diseases, and mental diseases. This result indicates that the low cholesterol effect occurs even among younger ...

https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/කොලෙස්ටරෝල්

Salivary gland neoplasm. *Sarcoma. *Skin cancer. *Small intestine cancer. *Small-cell carcinoma ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Cancer

There is an additional elevated risk of adrenal gland bleeds leading to Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (Neisseria ... The syndrome can be divided into primary (no underlying disease state) and secondary (in association with an underlying disease ... Often, this disease is treated by giving aspirin to inhibit platelet activation, and/or warfarin as an anticoagulant. The goal ... Like many autoimmune diseases, it is more common in women than in men. The exact cause is not known, but activation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

Alzheimer's disease,[71] Huntington's disease,[72] Rett syndrome,[73] and dementia,[74] as well as anorexia nervosa[75] and ... "BDNF-based synaptic repair as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegenerative diseases". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 14 (6 ... "Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 5: 433-49. doi:10.2147/ndt.s5700. PMC 2732010. PMID 19721723.. ... Fatemi, S. Hossein (2008). Reelin Glycoprotein: Structure, Biology and Roles in Health and Disease. Molecular Psychiatry. 10. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF

Severe cases of hyperandrogenism, such as in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. *As part of the pharmacologic treatment of ... Breast cancer; Endometriosis; Female infertility (assisted reproduction); Prostate cancer; Uterine diseases (endometrial ... continued stimulation with GnRH agonists desensitizes the pituitary gland (by causing GnRH receptor downregulation) to GnRH. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_agonist

Natural sex hormones are made by the gonads (ovaries or testes),[3] by adrenal glands, or by conversion from other sex steroids ... "Role of steroid hormone coregulators in health and disease". Hormone Research. 71 (4): 194-200. doi:10.1159/000201107. PMID ... Notes: "The concentration of a steroid in the circulation is determined by the rate at which it is secreted from glands, the ... The secretion rate of a steroid refers to the total secretion of the compound from a gland per unit time. Secretion rates have ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormone

The drug is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-ulcerative colitis, but not Crohn's disease.[51] There are also ... Cell death may be instigated in the meibomian glands,[30][55] hypothalamic cells,[56] hippocampus cells[57][58] and-important ... the hormone regulatory centre of the brain and part of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, a key part of the body's stress ... It is used to treat harlequin-type ichthyosis, a usually lethal skin disease, and lamellar ichthyosis. It is a retinoid, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotretinoin

Pyknotic nuclei are often found in the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland. They are also found in the keratinocytes of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyknosis

"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 6 (Jun 17): 41. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-6-41. PMC 3143089. PMID 21682876.. ... FSH from the anterior pituitary gland. Kisspeptin and its associated receptor KISS1R are known to be involved in the regulation ... X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita. Metabolic. *Amino acid: Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. *Oculocerebrorenal ... "Rare Diseases. National Organisation for Rare Disorders (NORD). 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2017.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallmann_syndrome

It accumulates in the kidney, liver, lungs, pancreas, spleen, and adrenal glands.[20] Additionally, pentamidine does not reach ... Magill AJ, Strickland GT, Maguire JH, Ryan ET, Solomon T (2012). Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Disease (9 ... Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM (2016). Infectious Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1368. ISBN 9780702063381. . Archived ... In regions of the world where the disease is common pentamidine is provided for free by the World Health Organization (WHO).[7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentamidine

... is part of the adrenal gland.[1] It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex.[1] It is the ... "Diseases of the adrenal medulla". Acta Physiologica. 192 (2): 325-335. doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01809.x. PMC 2576282. PMID ... The adrenal medulla may be poorly formed or absent in cases of absent adrenal gland. The deficiency in circulating ... THE ADRENAL GLANDS PART I: THE ADRENAL MEDULLA", The Endocrine System (Second Edition), Churchill Livingstone, pp. 53-60, doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_medulla

For example, the ascorbic acid content of pituitary and adrenal glands can exceed 2,000 µmol/L, and muscle is at 200-300 µmol/L ... Other diseases[edit]. Studies examining the effects of vitamin C intake on the risk of Alzheimer's disease have reached ... Szent-Györgyi isolated hexuronic acid from animal adrenal glands, and suspected it to be the antiscorbutic factor.[176] In late ... "Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 29 (4): 711-26. doi:10.3233/JAD-2012-111853. PMC 3727637. PMID 22366772.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-ascorbic_acid

... thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus, and adrenal glands.. endocrine system. The collection of glands that produce ... The science of diagnosing and managing plant diseases.. placebo. A substance or treatment of no intended therapeutic value.. ... In humans, the major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, ... endocrine gland. A gland of the animalian endocrine system that secretes hormones directly into the blood rather than through a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

Dysregulation of TNF production has been implicated in a variety of human diseases including Alzheimer's disease,[6] cancer,[7] ... regulation of branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis. • positive regulation of phagocytosis. • negative regulation ... Stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by stimulating the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) ... Clark IA (June-August 2007). "How TNF was recognized as a key mechanism of disease". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 18 (3-4): 335- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha

The adrenal glands often appear as small oval discs pressed against the posterior abdomen due to the absence of upward renal ... "Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 92 (5): F419-F420. doi:10.1136/fnn.2005.091397. PMC 2675375. PMID ... "Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Retrieved 2017 ... Type III is due to Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) linked to mutations in the genes PKD1 and PKD2. While ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potter_syndrome

Mouth diseases include tongue diseases and salivary gland diseases. A common gum disease in the mouth is gingivitis which is ... It can also arise as a result of other gastrointestinal diseases such as coeliac disease. Coeliac disease is an autoimmune ... The main glands are all exocrine glands, secreting via ducts. All of these glands terminate in the mouth. The largest of these ... Crohn's disease is a common chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can affect any part of the GI tract,[45] but it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_system

Kennedy's disease. *PHA1AD pseudohypoaldosteronism. *Estrogen insensitivity syndrome. *X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita ... The male accessory glands, including the prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, coagulating gland, and seminal vesicles, all ... There are no obvious abnormalities in the male accessory glands, including the prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, ... The mammary gland is normal until puberty, at which point there is a complete absence of pubertal development and the gland ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome

Neidhart, M (2016). DNA Methylation and Complex Human Disease (1st ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. p. 22.. ISBN 978-0124201941 ... Neidhart, M (2016). DNA Methylation and Complex Human Disease (1st ed.). San Diego: Academic Press. p. 222.. ISBN 9780124201941 ... suggests that therapeutic strategies that enhance IGF2 signalling and adult neurogenesis might be suitable to treat diseases ... among the mechanisms behind the association between intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia and high risk for metabolic diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin-like_growth_factor_2

Alzheimer's disease,[67] Huntington's disease,[68] Rett syndrome,[69] and dementia,[70] as well as anorexia nervosa[71] and ... "BDNF-based synaptic repair as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegenerative diseases". Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 14 (6 ... "Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 5: 433-49. doi:10.2147/ndt.s5700. PMC 2732010. PMID 19721723.. ... Alzheimer's disease[edit]. Post mortem analysis has shown lowered levels of BDNF in the brain tissues of people with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_derived_neurotrophic_factor

Significant diseases. പ്രമേഹം, Thyroid disease, Androgen excess. Significant tests. Thyroid function tests, Blood sugar levels ... പാഴ്സ് ഡിസ്റ്റാലിസ് സ്രവിക്കുന്ന അഡ്രിനോ കോർട്ടിക്കോ ട്രോപ്പിക്ക് ഹോർമോൺ (ACTH)[9] അഡ്രിനൽ കോർട്ടക്സിനെ (adrenal cortex)[10] ... 1] Images for pituitary gland. *http://www.hormone.org/Public/endocrinologist.cfm ... http://www.sulzerlab.org/Adrenal%20ChromaffinCultureSulzer.pdf *↑ http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/ ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/അന്തഃസ്രവവിജ്ഞാനീയം

... arises from problems with the adrenal gland such that not enough of the steroid hormone cortisol and possibly ... "Addison's Disease Self Help Group.. *^ "Adrenal Insufficiency and Addison's Disease". National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases ... Adrenal destruction is also a feature of adrenoleukodystrophy, and when the adrenal glands are involved in metastasis (seeding ... Causes of adrenal insufficiency can be categorized by the mechanism through which they cause the adrenal glands to produce ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison's_disease

... such as Cushings Syndrome and Addisons Disease, happen when your glands make too much or not enough hormones. ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Adrenal Gland Diseases (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Adrenal Hyperplasia, ... Adrenal Insufficiency (Hormone Health Network) Also in Spanish * Adrenal Insufficiency and Addisons Disease (National ... The adrenal glands are small glands located on top of each kidney. They produce hormones that you cant live without, including ...

https://medlineplus.gov/adrenalglanddisorders.html

Adrenal insufficiency, for example, was associated with a 35-45% maternal mortality rat... ... Addison disease, Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperaldosteronism-can reduce female fertility or severely ... Adrenal disease-including disorders such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), ... encoded search term (Adrenal Disease and Pregnancy) and Adrenal Disease and Pregnancy What to Read Next on Medscape ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/127772-overview

The Adrenal Glands, History Of Addisons Disease, Addisons Disease, Treatment. Addisons disease, also called adrenocortical ... is a rare condition caused by destruction of the cortex of the adrenal gland, one of several glands the endocrine system. ... Because Addisons disease is treatable, those who develop the illness can expect to have a normal life span. ... Addisons Disease - The Adrenal Glands. *Addisons Disease - History Of Addisons Disease. *Addisons Disease - Addisons ...

https://science.jrank.org/pages/77/Addison-s-Disease.html

In support of improving patient care, Audio Digest Foundation is jointly accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE), and the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), to provide continuing education for the healthcare team. The Audio Digest Foundation designates this enduring material for a maximum of {{CurrentLecture.Lecture.Credits , number:2}} AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Successful completion of this CME activity, which includes participation in the evaluation component, enables the participant to earn up to {{CurrentLecture.Lecture.Credits}} MOC points [and patient safety MOC credit] in the American Board of Internal Medicines (ABIM) Maintenance of Certification (MOC) program. Participants will earn MOC points equivalent to the amount of CME credits claimed for the activity. It is the ...

https://www.audio-digest.org/Courses/Endocrine-Diseases-Pituitary-Thyroid-Parathyroid-and-Adrenal-Glands--2nd-Edition/4814

What is Addisons disease?. Addisons disease is the result of an underactive adrenal gland. An underactive adrenal gland ... Onset of this disease may occur at any age.. What causes Addisons disease?. Destruction of the adrenal gland due to an ... Underactive Adrenal Glands/Addisons Disease. Fact Lack of corticosteroids in the blood may cause the pituitary gland to ... How is Addisons disease treated?. The goal of treatment is to restore the adrenal glands to normal function, producing normal ...

http://www.nyhq.org/diw/Content.asp?PageID=DIW000397&More=DIW&language=Chinese

... resources and questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Adenoma of the adrenal gland ... Adrenal cortical adenoma; Adrenal adenoma; Adrenal incidentaloma; Adrenal cortical adenoma; Adrenal adenoma; Adrenal ... Diseases expand submenu for Diseases * Browse A-Z * Find Diseases By Category expand submenu for Find Diseases By Category * ... Adenomas of the adrenal gland are non-cancerous (benign) tumors. on the adrenal gland. Most do not cause any signs or symptoms ...

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5745/adenoma-of-the-adrenal-gland

Adrenal Glands. The adrenal glands are endocrine glands. This means they secrete hormones into the blood. Hormones are secreted ... Addisons Disease. With Cushings syndrome, there is too much hormone being secreted by the adrenal glands. With Addisons ... The adrenal gland is destroyed due to an autoimmune disease and requires hormone pills for the rest of life. ... In this lesson, you will learn about disorders of the adrenal glands, including Addisons disease and Cushings syndrome, as ...

https://naturez-vous.com/adrenal-gland-disorders-treatments-addisons-disease-and-prednisone/

Adrenal Gland Disease Adrenal Gland Tumors Adrenal Glands in Humans Diseases of the Adrenal Gland ... Diseases of the Adrenal Glands. Health. The adrenal glands are small, endocrine organs located just above each kidney. They are ... The disease is caused by a tumor, or by an enlargement of the adrenal gland due to another disease process, such as cirrhosis ... Two of the major hormones secreted by the adrenal glands are cortisol and aldosterone. With Addisons disease, the adrenals are ...

http://www.actforlibraries.org/health/health/2015/05/diseases-adrenal-glands.html

Serum Inhibin Concentration in Dogs with Adrenal Gland Disease and in Healthy Dogs. / Brömel, C.; Nelson, Richard W; Feldman, ... Serum Inhibin Concentration in Dogs with Adrenal Gland Disease and in Healthy Dogs. In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine ... Serum Inhibin Concentration in Dogs with Adrenal Gland Disease and in Healthy Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. ... Objective: To determine serum inhibin concentration in dogs with adrenal gland disease and in healthy dogs. Animals: Forty- ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/serum-inhibin-concentration-in-dogs-with-adrenal-gland-disease-an

There are two adrenal glands, one sitting on top of each of the kidneys [1]. They are pyramidal in shape and weigh about 4 g ... A disease that might result in a loss of mineralcorticoid function is Addisons disease. In Addisons disease, the adrenals are ... Adrenal Gland Biology COPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group Inc.. Adrenal Gland. The adrenal glands are located on the upper pole of ... Outer layer of the adrenal gland that produces steroid hormones.. Adrenal medulla- Inner layer of the adrenal gland that ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/anatomy-and-physiology/anatomy-and-physiology/adrenal-gland

... The benign masses of adrenal glands are called as adrenal adenomas. Adrenal ... Both adrenal glands enlarge in this disease. The treatment is surgery for pituitary gland or irradiation. If patients disease ... 10% of them are genetic and the disease is localized in both adrenal glands. ... In some patients, both adrenal glands enlarge and release cortisol by the stimulation of a tumor in pituitary gland. ...

http://www.yesimerbil.com/eng/adrenal-gland-diseases

Adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system. Located in the abdomen, near the kidneys, adrenals are small glands. There are ... If Adrenal disease is diagnosed, blood glucose levels should be checked, as some ferrets with adrenal disease may have ... The fact that adrenal gland disease is less common in the United Kingdom can therefore be explained by the fact that many ... Most ferrets live for many pain free and happy years with adrenal gland disease. With treatment and regular check-ups with a ...

https://www.littlepawsferretrescue.co.uk/copy-of-swimmers-syndrome-in-kits

Disease - AcuTreatment: Cure Without Medicine. The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that ... Congenital adrenal hyperplasia,Adrenal tumors The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that ... Adrenal Gland. Adrenal gland - Disease - AcuTreatment: Cure Without Medicine. Posted by Acutreatment November 27th, 2015 02:51 ... Adrenal gland,Suprarenal glands,Disease,AcuTreatment,Cure Without Medicine,Cure,Acu,Medicine,Acupressure points,Treatment, ...

https://acu-treatment.com/adrenal-gland/

Find best Adrenal Gland Diseases Treatment Doctors in Hanumangarh. Book appointments with expert doctors based on your medical ... The disorder of adrenal glands occurs due to infections, tumors or genetic mutation.. Some of the symptoms of Adrenal Gland ... Adrenal Glands are small glands located on top of kidneys, responsible for producing hormones that control many important ... Adrenal gland disorder occurs when the glands start to dysfunction producing either too little hormone or excess hormones. ...

https://www.sehat.com/hanumangarh/treatment/adrenal-gland-diseases-doctors

Adrenal Gland Burn Out debbiewil replied to rachelleks topic in Celiac Disease - Coping With ... Celiac Disease Symptoms What testing is available for celiac disease? Celiac Disease Screening Interpretation of Celiac Disease ... Ten Facts About Celiac Disease Genetic Testing Is there a link between celiac and other autoimmune diseases? Celiac Disease ... Frequently Asked Questions About Celiac Disease 09/30/2015 This Celiac.com FAQ on celiac disease will guide you to all of the ...

https://www.celiac.com/gluten-free/profile/6038-debbiewil/?tab=blog

Diagnosis is based on clinical history, focusing primarily on the use of medications or presence of diseases that could ... When hyponatremia is present, primary adrenal insufficiency should be suspected. Most frequent causes include:. 1) Primary ... 1) Primary hypoaldosteronism: see Primary Adrenal Insufficiency.. 2) Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism: Potassium restriction, ... Hypoaldosteronism can be caused by defective stimulation of aldosterone secretion, primary defects in adrenal synthesis or ...

https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.11.4

It grows in the middle of an adrenal gland. A pheochromocytoma causes the adrenal glands to make too much of the hormones ... This whole-body scan can show if the disease is spreading. It can show if you have disease in other parts of your body. ... It grows in the middle of an adrenal gland. Your body has 2 adrenal glands. They are found on top of each kidney. Each layer of ... A pheochromocytoma is a tumor in the adrenal gland. It causes the gland to make too much of the hormones epinephrine and ...

http://www.ahealthyme.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/NervousSystem/85,P00400

What is Cushings Disease and how can it affect your dog? Dr. Krista Seraydar explains the symptoms, causes and how its ... Adrenal Gland Tumor. The adrenal glands create stress hormones and are located right next to the kidneys. An adrenal gland ... What Is Cushings Disease in Dogs?. Cushings disease (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the adrenal gland secretes too much ... Unfortunately, you cannot prevent Cushings disease if it is caused by a pituitary or adrenal gland tumor. ...

https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/endocrine/c_dg_hyperadrenocorticism

As BD is a disease of autoimmune process, it may be possible that adrenal insufficiency or alterations in the cortisol levels ... is a chronic disease which is characterized by recurrent oral apthous ulcerations, recurrent genital ulcerations, skin ... 3. Behcets Disease and Adrenal Glands. As BD is a disease of autoimmune process, it may be possible that adrenal insufficiency ... As BD is a disease of autoimmune process, it may be possible that adrenal insufficiency or alterations in the cortisol levels ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/pri/2012/827815/

Adrenal morphology of 21OH− mice showed lack of zonation, and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adrenocortical mitochondria with ... 21OH activity measured in adrenal tissue increased from undetectable to levels found in wild-type mice 2 to 7 days after ... This is the first demonstration that a single intra-adrenal injection of an adenoviral vector encoding CYP21 can compensate for ... Intra-adrenal injection of hAdCYP21 in 21OH− mice induced hCYP21 mRNA with the highest expression from 2 to 7 days before a ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/3301018?error=cookies_not_supported&code=a86b2a61-228e-4f06-b1cf-4fe2d27c2f52

... especially adrenal cancer in the adrenal cortex. Article reviews characteristics of adrenal cancer and how doctors diagnose the ... Adrenoleukodystrophy: Rare Genetic Neurological and Endocrine Disease Affecting the Nervous System and Adrenal Glands ... They also may be helpful in distinguishing tumors of the adrenal gland from tumors of the upper pole of the kidney. ... Although potentially curable at early stages, only 30% of these malignancies are confined to the adrenal gland at the time of ...

https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/adrenal-cancer/diseases-adrenal-cortex-adrenal-cancer

... also called adrenal cortical carcinoma, is cancer that develops in the adrenal glands. Learn about how endocrinologists ... classify adrenal cancer by stages, as well as adrenal cancer treatments. ... These patients are at high risk for disease recurrence and should be considered for enrollment in a clinical trial (see below ... Treatment for Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma. Adrenal carcinoma may be curable if treated at an early stage. Radical surgical ...

https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/adrenal-cancer/diseases-adrenal-cortex-adrenal-cancer-0

Addisons disease is a rare condition that affects the adrenal glands. This condition affects 1 to 4 persons in every 100,000 ... What are the Adrenal Glands?. The adrenal glands, which are also referred to as suprarenal (supra = above; renal = kidney) ... glands, are small pyramid-shaped glands that lie on top of the kidneys. The adrenal glands mainly produce cortisol, aldosterone ... of this area of the adrenal glands has been damaged. The destruction of the adrenal cortex causes for these glands to become ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Addisons-Disease.aspx

What Causes Adrenal Gland Disease in Ferrets?. Adrenal gland disease is, unfortunately, a common disease of pet ferrets in the ... How Are Ferrets Treated for Adrenal Gland Disease?. Several options are available for the treatment of adrenal gland disease. ... While leuprolide controls the signs of adrenal gland disease, it does not modify a diseased adrenal gland or prevent tumor ... The left adrenal gland can typically be removed without complication. The right adrenal gland lies very close to a major blood ...

https://www.lovingcareanimalhospital.net/blog/adrenal-gland-disease-in-ferrets

Congenital adrenal hyperplasiaEdit. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a congenital disease in which mutations of enzymes that ... Main article: Adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla is at the centre of each adrenal gland, and is surrounded by the adrenal ... The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including ... Main article: Adrenal gland disorder. The normal function of the adrenal gland may be impaired by conditions such as infections ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland

Where are a dogs adrenal glands located?. * Q: What are the symptoms of canine Addisons disease?. ... A: Vomiting, feline lower urinary tract disease, fleas, tapeworm, diarrhea and eye conditions are among the more common cat ...

https://www.reference.com/pets-animals/rid-fleas-permanently-6c9762eb386748b2

Disease Models ▼ Respiratory Disease ModelsInflammation & Autoimmune Disease ModelsCardiovascular Disease ModelsLiver Disease ... Adrenal gland tumor tissue microarray, containing 10 cases of adrenal cortical adenocarcinoma, 3 neuroblastoma, 1 ... ModelsMetabolic Disease ModelsOcular Disease ModelsRare Disease ModelsUrology Disease Models ... Alzheimers Disease Modeling and Assays ▼ In Vitro Model ServiceIn Vivo Model ServiceAlzheimers Disease Study Tools ...

https://www.creative-bioarray.com/Human-adrenal-gland-disease-spectrum-adrenal-cancer-progression-tissue-array-AGTMA001-item-943.htm

... secondary adrenal insufficiency develops in the contralateral adrenal gland due to chronic inhibition of ACTH secretion); ... Secondary adrenal insufficiency is a clinical syndrome caused by a long-term deficit of adrenal cortex hormones due to ... Adrenal reserve test, if done (stimulation with long-acting synthetic ACTH; see Primary Adrenal Insufficiency), reveals a ... Adrenal insufficiency caused by glucocorticoid treatment may be reversible. Appropriately treated isolated secondary adrenal ...

https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.11.1.2

Adrenal insufficiency or Addison disease happens if the adrenal glands dont make enough hormones. Read more. ... Adrenal Insufficiency (Hormone Health Network) Also in Spanish * Adrenal Insufficiency and Addisons Disease (National ... Addison disease happens if the adrenal glands dont make enough of these hormones. ... Your adrenal glands are just above your kidneys. The outside layer of these glands makes hormones that help your body respond ...

https://medlineplus.gov/addisondisease.html

Adrenal gland disorders. Malfunctions of the paired adrenal glands. The paired adrenal glands are complex endocrine organs in ... Alzheimers disease. A disease of the nervous system characterized by a progressive dementia that leads to profound impairment ... and disorders of the adrenal glands can have serious consequences. Under specific circumstances,… ... Dementia occurs in a number of brain diseases where the impairment in cognitive abilities represents a decline from… ...

https://www.accessscience.com/search?topics=Health+Sciences&%3BrootID=794558&%3BsearchStr=Marine+ecology&start=0&%3Bstart=100&%3Btopics=Paleontology&types=Project&types=Article&%3Brows=100

Adenomas of the adrenal gland are non-cancerous (benign) tumors on the adrenal gland . (nih.gov)
Depending on the type of hormone released, adrenal tumors can cause a variety of conditions, including Cushing's syndrome , primary aldosteronism , or much less commonly, virilization . (nih.gov)
Treatment consists of medications to reduce the size of the affected adrenal gland, or surgical removal of tumors. (actforlibraries.org)
Inhibin has not been examined in dogs as a serum biomarker for adrenal gland tumors. (elsevier.com)
undetectable inhibin is highly supportive of PHEO in neutered dogs with adrenal tumors. (elsevier.com)
These tumors are called as adrenal adenomas or suprarenal adenomas. (yesimerbil.com)
The disorder of adrenal glands occurs due to infections, tumors or genetic mutation. (sehat.com)
A variety of tumors can arise from adrenal tissue and are commonly found inmedical imaging when searching for other diseases. (acu-treatment.com)
Pituitary tumors are responsible for 80-85% of Cushing's disease cases. (petmd.com)
Adrenal tumors cause 15-20% of Cushing's disease cases. (petmd.com)
Pituitary and adrenal tumors can be surgically removed, and if benign, surgery can be curative. (petmd.com)
As pituitary and adrenal tumors progress, they will require an increased dose of medication to control symptoms. (petmd.com)
Keep in mind, however, that most non-cancerous tumors of the adrenal glands (benign adenomas and hyperplasia) will also secrete too much hormones. (endocrineweb.com)
Therefore, demonstrating overproduction of adrenal hormones helps establish the presence of an adrenal tumor, yet it does not always help distinguish between benign and malignant (cancerous) tumors. (endocrineweb.com)
Some adrenal tumors will require special studies of their blood supply to help define the extent of the tumor, whether it is impinging on the blood supply to other nearby organs, and to help the surgeon decide on which operative approach to use. (endocrineweb.com)
They also may be helpful in distinguishing tumors of the adrenal gland from tumors of the upper pole of the kidney. (endocrineweb.com)
Additionally, there is some evidence that deslorelin can shrink adrenal tumors or slow their development. (lovingcareanimalhospital.net)
[4] [6] A variety of tumors can arise from adrenal tissue and are commonly found in medical imaging when searching for other diseases. (wikipedia.org)
These conditions are most commonly associated with multiple tumors and changes in hormone producing glands. (clinicaltrials.gov)
PPNAD can be associated with tumors (myxomas) of the skin, heart, breast, tumors (swannomas) of the nerve sheaths, pigmented spots (nevi and lentigines) of the skin, growth hormone (GH) producing tumors of the pituitary gland, and tumors of the testicles, ovaries, and thyroid gland. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Benign adrenal tumors are noncancerous masses that form in the adrenal glands. (mayoclinic.org)
Benign adrenal tumors that develop in the cortex are also called adrenal adenomas. (mayoclinic.org)
Most benign adrenal tumors cause no symptoms and don't need treatment. (mayoclinic.org)
Adrenal tumors can be divided into benign or malignant, functional (tumor cells are hormone-secreting) or non-functional (tumor cells are not hormone-secreting). (aace.com)
Malignant (meaning cancerous) tumors make up less than 0.1% of all adrenal tumors and may secrete one or more adrenal hormones or none at all. (aace.com)
More rarely, other tumors located elsewhere in the body can overstimulate the adrenal glands to produce too much cortisol. (aace.com)
The findings of this study will feed into the next international guidelines on the management of adrenal tumors and the implementation of the new test will hopefully improve the overall outlook for patients diagnosed with adrenal tumors," Bancos emphasized. (medscape.com)
However, a previous proof-of-concept study from the same authors did show that the presence of excess adrenal steroid hormones in the urine is a key indicator of adrenal tumors, and other research has supported the findings. (medscape.com)
The use of imaging modalities and minimally invasive surgery plays an important role in the current management of adrenal tumors. (intechopen.com)
Clinical presentation of these adrenal tumors can often be non-specific, or such lesions may present as "incidentalomas" in patients who undergo imaging for clinical reasons unrelated to the adrenal glands. (intechopen.com)
Minimally invasive surgery has become the initial choice for the treatment of adrenal tumors with retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches. (intechopen.com)
Two main factors that have advanced the clinical management of adrenal tumors in the past 20 years include the technologic progress and widespread use of imaging studies such as ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the advent and implementation of minimally invasive surgery. (intechopen.com)
In many parts of the world, US frequently allows for the incidental diagnosis of adrenal tumors. (intechopen.com)
Although Cushing's syndrome isn't typically inherited, it's possible to have an inherited tendency to develop tumors of the endocrine glands. (healthline.com)
Pheochromocytomas are tumors of the adrenal glands . (rarediseases.org)
Moreover, adrenal disorders or tumors can influence processes that are essential for survival. (helmholtz-muenchen.de)

Lack of corticosteroids in the blood may cause the pituitary gland to produce more corticotropin hormones to stimulate the adrenal glands. (nyhq.org)
They are partially controlled by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in the brain. (actforlibraries.org)
The amount of cortisol produced is controlled by another hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), secreted by the pituitary gland. (encyclopedia.com)
In some patients, both adrenal glands enlarge and release cortisol by the stimulation of a tumor in pituitary gland. (yesimerbil.com)
The treatment is surgery for pituitary gland or irradiation. (yesimerbil.com)
Pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease occurs when a tumor of the pituitary gland at the base of the brain secretes too much of the hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to make cortisol. (petmd.com)
Cortisol regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, and its secretion is controlled by the output of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. (infoplease.com)
These abnormalities of the adrenal function can be caused by various diseases of the adrenal glands or the pituitary gland. (aace.com)
It can be caused by a specific kind of tumor in the pituitary gland (a gland in the brain that influences the adrenals - which is then called Cushing's disease) or by a tumor of the adrenal gland itself. (aace.com)
Ectopic Cushing syndrome is a form of Cushing syndrome in which a tumor outside the pituitary gland produces a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (stlukes-stl.com)
It occurs when the pituitary gland makes too much of the hormone ACTH. (stlukes-stl.com)
Cushing disease is a condition in which the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (stlukes-stl.com)
The pituitary gland is an organ of. (stlukes-stl.com)
Ectopic Cushing syndrome, on the other hand, occurs when ACTH is produced somewhere other than the pituitary gland. (stlukes-stl.com)
The pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates cortisol production in the adrenal glands. (healthline.com)
If Cushing's syndrome is caused by the pituitary gland overproducing ACTH which in turn becomes cortisol, it's called Cushing's disease. (healthline.com)
Some medications decrease cortisol production in the adrenal glands or decrease ACTH production in the pituitary gland . (healthline.com)
Adrenal insufficiency can be caused by defects in the ADRENAL GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, or the HYPOTHALAMUS. (bioportfolio.com)
A precisely regulated relationship exists between the adrenal hormones and hormones secreted by the hypothalamus (a small region located at the center of the brain) and the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located at the base of the brain). (lifeextension.com)
For example, one of the actions of the hypothalamus is to direct the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) , which regulates the production and secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex. (lifeextension.com)
This starts when the pituitary gland doesn't make enough of the hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotropin). (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Adrenal insufficiency, for example, was associated with a 35-45% maternal mortality rate prior to the introduction of glucocorticoid replacement therapy, while pheochromocytoma was once associated with maternal and fetal mortality rates of 48% and nearly 55%, respectively. (medscape.com)
In fact, this disease is also referred to as adrenal insufficiency. (naturez-vous.com)
When hyponatremia is present, primary adrenal insufficiency should be suspected. (empendium.com)
this may be caused by primary adrenal insufficiency , bilateral adrenalectomy, 21-hydroxylase deficiency (leading to hypersecretion of adrenal androgens with reduced production of cortisol and aldosterone), or aldosterone synthase deficiency (leading to isolated hypoaldosteronism). (empendium.com)
see Primary Adrenal Insufficiency . (empendium.com)
As BD is a disease of autoimmune process, it may be possible that adrenal insufficiency or alterations in the cortisol levels could be expected. (hindawi.com)
Addison's disease, which is otherwise referred to as an adrenal insufficiency, is a rare disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands are not producing enough of certain important hormones. (news-medical.net)
Addison's disease or chronic adrenal insufficiency signs and symptoms. (news-medical.net)
Secondary adrenal insufficiency is a clinical syndrome caused by a long-term deficit of adrenal cortex hormones due to adrenocorticotropic hormone ( ACTH ) deficiency. (empendium.com)
4) Serum gonadotropin and prolactin levels are normal in isolated secondary adrenal insufficiency and decreased in hypopituitarism. (empendium.com)
5) The short stimulation test with 250 micro g of synthetic ACTH involves the administration of synthetic human ACTH (cosyntropin [ INN tetracosactide] 0.25 mg IV or IM ) and measurements of serum cortisol levels at baseline, 30 minutes, and 60 minutes to reveal a delayed increase in cortisol levels in secondary adrenal insufficiency. (empendium.com)
see Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ), reveals a gradual 2- to 4-fold increase in free cortisol or 17-OHCS levels in 24-hour urine and confirms secondary adrenal insufficiency. (empendium.com)
Absence of response confirms secondary (pituitary) adrenal insufficiency. (empendium.com)
Infants usually present in shock, with hypoglycemia and adrenal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Affected children typically present with life-threatening adrenal insufficiency in early infancy due to a failure of glucocorticoid (cortisol) and mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
Characteristics of Korean Patients with Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: A Registry-Based Nationwide Survey in Korea. (medscape.com)
Addison's disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare disorder that affects men and women of all ages. (aace.com)
Addison's disease affects your adrenal glands and it is sometimes called primary adrenal insufficiency or hypoadrenalism. (medicinenet.com)
Sudden and severe symptoms cause a condition called Addisonian crisis or acute adrenal insufficiency. (medicinenet.com)
What is adrenal insufficiency? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal glands don't make enough of the hormone cortisol. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
What causes adrenal insufficiency? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Primary adrenal insufficiency is most often caused when your immune system attacks your healthy adrenal glands by mistake. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
A lack of the hormone ACTH leads to secondary adrenal insufficiency. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
What are the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
How is adrenal insufficiency diagnosed? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
How is adrenal insufficiency treated? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
What are the complications of adrenal insufficiency? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
This is called acute adrenal insufficiency, or Addisonian crisis. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The symptoms of an Addisonian crisis include the symptoms of adrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Low cortisol ( adrenal insufficiency ) is a rare disorder, typically autoimmune related, and must be diagnosed correctly, not simply by a low cortisol level . (healthtap.com)
Can adrenal insufficiency cause lightheadedness and fatigue? (healthtap.com)
It should not be confused with adrenal insufficiency or congenital adrenal hyperplasia, where the gland is present but may not be functioning adequately. (wikipedia.org)
Due to the absence of adrenal cortex, the condition causes extreme symptoms of adrenal insufficiency at birth due to very low levels of aldosterone and cortisol. (wikipedia.org)

Pheochromocytoma is a disorder caused by an adrenal tumor in the inner part of the adrenal gland, called the medulla. (actforlibraries.org)
The tumor causes the gland to make too much of the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. (actforlibraries.org)
The disease is caused by a tumor, or by an enlargement of the adrenal gland due to another disease process, such as cirrhosis of the liver. (actforlibraries.org)
Animals: Forty-eight neutered dogs with adrenal disease including pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH, 17), adrenocortical tumor (18), and PHEO (13), and 41 healthy intact or neutered dogs. (elsevier.com)
Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of serum inhibin concentration for identifying an adrenal tumor as a PHEO were 100, 88.9, and 93.6%, respectively. (elsevier.com)
The treatment is the removal of the adrenal gland with tumor. (yesimerbil.com)
An adrenal gland tumor can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). (petmd.com)
A pheochromocytoma is a tumor in the adrenal gland. (ahealthyme.com)
1] how complete the surgeon was able to remove the tumor and its surrounding tissues, and [2] the stage of disease (explained below). (endocrineweb.com)
Occasionally, patients can have a relief of some of their symptoms (and possibly even a slight increase in length of survival) if metastatic lesions which are producing hormones are surgically resected along with the primary adrenal tumor. (endocrineweb.com)
While leuprolide controls the signs of adrenal gland disease, it does not modify a diseased adrenal gland or prevent tumor development. (lovingcareanimalhospital.net)
Even with regular Lupron injections, an enlarged adrenal gland may continue to grow or become a tumor. (lovingcareanimalhospital.net)
Adrenal gland tumor tissue microarray, containing 10 cases of adrenal cortical adenocarcinoma, 3 neuroblastoma, 1 ganglioneuroma, 30 pheochromocytoma, 38 adrenal cortical adenomas, 4 hyperplasia, 6 adjacent normal tissue and 8 normal tissue, duplicate cores per case. (creative-bioarray.com)
Thyroid cancer accounts for less than 1% of all cancer in the UK, though it is the most common endocrine tumor and makes up greater than 90% of all cancers of the endocrine glands . (wikipedia.org)
In these cases, benign adrenal tumor treatment may include surgery or medications. (mayoclinic.org)
A pheochromocytoma is a functional tumor of the adrenal medulla that overproduces adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). (aace.com)
Adrenocortical carcinomas only represent about 2% to 12% of adrenal incidentalomas, but the prognosis is very poor, and early detection and surgery can improve outcomes, so findings of any adrenal tumor typically trigger additional multimodal imaging to rule out malignancy. (medscape.com)
Adrenal gland abnormality or tumor. (healthline.com)
An adrenal abnormality or tumor can lead to irregular patterns of cortisol production, which can cause Cushing's syndrome. (healthline.com)
Rarely, this kind of tumor occurs outside the adrenal gland, usually somewhere in the abdomen. (rarediseases.org)
This type of tumor can occur in certain familial genetic syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2 (MEN2), neurofibromatosis type 1 , Von Hippel-Lindau disease , hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome , Carney triad , and Carney-Stratakis dyad . (rarediseases.org)
Pheochromocytoma- This is a tumor that develops in the adrenal medulla (the inner part of the gland). (medindia.net)
Although several studies have found an increased survival in patients who undergo resection of solitary adrenal metastases the indications for adrenalectomy in cases of metastatic adrenal tumor remain controversial. (bioportfolio.com)
An isolated metachronous metastasis to the adrenal gland from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report. (bioportfolio.com)
Moreover, one focus of the SFB is the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms promoting adrenal tumor formation with the long-term goal of identifying novel therapies. (helmholtz-muenchen.de)

adrenal glands There are two adrenal glands, one sitting on top of each of the kidneys . (encyclopedia.com)
Adrenal Glands are small glands located on top of kidneys, responsible for producing hormones that control many important functions in the body. (sehat.com)
Located in the abdomen, near the kidneys, adrenals are small glands. (littlepawsferretrescue.co.uk)
The adrenal glands are located on both sides of the body in the retroperitoneum, above and slightly medial to the kidneys. (acu-treatment.com)
The adrenal glands are surrounded by a fatty capsule and lie within the renal fascia, which also surrounds the kidneys. (acu-treatment.com)
A weak wall of connective tissue separates the glands from the kidneys. (acu-treatment.com)
The adrenal glands create stress hormones and are located right next to the kidneys. (petmd.com)
renal = kidney) glands, are small pyramid-shaped glands that lie on top of the kidneys. (news-medical.net)
The adrenal glands lie above the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
The paired adrenal glands are complex endocrine organs in proximity to the kidneys (see illustration), and disorders of the adrenal glands can have serious consequences. (accessscience.com)
Your adrenal glands are just above your kidneys. (medlineplus.gov)
These two little triangular-shaped glands that sit atop the kidneys are responsible for a multitude of functions, including helping to manage the body's immune function, blood pressure, blood sugar, mineral balance, and more. (prohealth.com)
Perched atop each of your kidneys, your adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure and other essential functions. (mayoclinic.org)
The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands that sit on top of both kidneys. (aace.com)
Your adrenal glands sit on top of your kidneys and produce important hormones called cortisol and aldosterone. (medicinenet.com)
These glands are located right above the kidneys. (rarediseases.org)
Anatomically, the adrenal glands are located in the abdomen, situated on the anteriosuperior aspect of the kidneys . (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Their presence was recognized as early as the late sixteenth century, but it was not until 1805 that Cuvier reported that the adrenal was made up of two regions, the cortex on the outside and an inner medulla. (encyclopedia.com)
Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. (acu-treatment.com)
Each adrenal gland has two distinct parts, each with a unique function, the outer adrenal cortex and the inner medulla, both of which produce hormones. (acu-treatment.com)
Intra-adrenal injection of AV1.LacZ4 induced β-galactosidase staining in the adrenal cortex and medulla up to 40 days after injection, without any detectable inflammatory reaction. (nature.com)
The inner reddish portion (medulla) of the adrenal gland, which is not functionally related to the adrenal cortex, secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. (infoplease.com)
Each adrenal gland, and there are two of them, one over every kidney, contains two regions , the cortex and the medulla . (checkbiotech.org)
That is your flight and fight response (in contrast to rest and digest) is a function of the adrenergic hormone produced by the adrenal medulla. (checkbiotech.org)
Again, the two adrenergic or catecholamine hormones are adrenaline = epinephrine, largely secreted by the adrenal medulla, and norepinephrine, which is largely secreted by the central nervous system (= brain and spine). (checkbiotech.org)
Each gland contains two tissue types: the cortex and the medulla. (mayoclinic.org)
Both parts of the adrenal glands - the cortex and the medulla - perform different functions. (aace.com)
The adrenal medulla forms adrenaline and noradrenaline and is part of the sympathetic nervous system. (helmholtz-muenchen.de)
Each adrenal gland has an outer region, called the cortex , and an inner region, called the medulla . (lifeextension.com)
The adrenal medulla produces the catecholamine hormones , which comprise epinephrine (also known as adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and dopamine (PubMed Health 2011a). (lifeextension.com)
The adrenal gland is separated into two distinct structures, the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The adrenal medulla takes up less than a quarter of the mass of the adrenal gland and is made of modified sympathetic ganglia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The adrenal medulla is at the center of the adrenal gland and is surrounded by the adrenal cortex, which forms the remaining three-quarters of the adrenal gland. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The adrenal medulla can be normally present, poorly formed, or absent, however even so the effects of circulatory catecholamine deficiency are generally mild (due to sympathetic nervous system compensation), except in episodes of hypoglycemia. (wikipedia.org)
The adrenal medulla is at the centre of each adrenal gland, and is surrounded by the adrenal cortex. (wikipedia.org)

Adrenal disease-including disorders such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), Addison disease, Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma , and primary hyperaldosteronism-can reduce female fertility or severely impact maternal and fetal health during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
However, proper treatment of adrenal dysfunction, including steroid therapy and, in the case of Cushing syndrome and pheochromocytoma, surgical intervention, can result in successful gestation and delivery. (medscape.com)
A pheochromocytoma causes the adrenal glands to make too much of these hormones. (ahealthyme.com)

An underactive adrenal gland produces insufficient amounts of cortisol and aldosterone. (nyhq.org)
Primary aldosteronism (also called Conn syndrome) is a condition in which the adrenal gland produces too much of the hormone aldosterone. (nih.gov)
Two of the major hormones secreted by the adrenal glands are cortisol and aldosterone. (actforlibraries.org)
Conn's syndrome is a condition in which he adrenal gland makes too much aldosterone. (actforlibraries.org)
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands ) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. (acu-treatment.com)
The adrenal cortex produces three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens.Mineralocorticoids (such as aldosterone) produced in the zona glomerulosa help in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte balance. (acu-treatment.com)
Hypoaldosteronism can be caused by defective stimulation of aldosterone secretion, primary defects in adrenal synthesis or secretion of aldosterone, and aldosterone resistance. (empendium.com)
Causes of hyperkalemia other than endocrine disorders should also be considered, including drugs inhibiting adrenal steroid synthesis (eg, ketoconazole) and, although infrequently, heparin, which reduces the number of angiotensin II receptors in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex and results in suppression of aldosterone synthesis and hyperkalemia. (empendium.com)
Diagnosis is based on clinical history, focusing primarily on the use of medications or presence of diseases that could interfere with aldosterone metabolism and on laboratory findings. (empendium.com)
The adrenal glands mainly produce cortisol, aldosterone and adrenaline, which are important hormones that play arole in regulating metabolism, the immune system, blood pressure, our ability to respond to stress and several other important functions(2). (news-medical.net)
The destruction of the adrenal cortex causes for these glands to become unable to produce important hormones, namely cortisol and aldosterone(3). (news-medical.net)
[13] The adrenal cortex is devoted to production of hormones , namely aldosterone , cortisol , and androgens . (wikipedia.org)
The adrenal gland is located in the abdomen and produces small amounts of hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgen. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The outer yellowish layer (cortex) of the adrenal gland secretes about 30 steroid hormones, the most important of which are aldosterone and cortisol . (infoplease.com)
Oelkers W, Diederich S, Bahr V. Diagnosis and therapy surveillance in Addison's disease: rapid adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) test and measurement of plasma ACTH, renin activity, and aldosterone. (medscape.com)
This condition occurs when the adrenal cortex fails to produce enough cortisol and aldosterone. (aace.com)
Adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disorder in which one of the enzymes necessary to produce adrenal hormones (cortisol, aldosterone or both) is missing or not functioning properly. (aace.com)
Hyperaldosteronism is a disease in which the adrenal glands make too much aldosterone, which leads to high blood pressure and low blood potassium levels. (aace.com)
People who have Addison's disease with low aldosterone hormone can eat a diet high in sodium. (medicinenet.com)
Sometimes the pituitary is damaged and doesn't tell the adrenals to release cortisol or aldosterone. (medicinenet.com)
People who have Addison's disease with low aldosterone may have low levels of sodium and high amounts of potassium. (medicinenet.com)
Hormones secreted by adrenal glands include- cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline and noradrenaline. (medindia.net)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) - CAH is a genetic disorder that creates imbalances in the levels of cortisol, androgen and aldosterone. (medindia.net)
Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA), also known as familial hypoaldosteronism type I, is an autosomal dominant disease that causes hypertension, hypokalemia, decreased plasma renin activity and increased aldosterone levels. (genome.jp)
As a result, aldosterone is ectopically synthesized in the cortisol-secreting zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland under the control of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). (genome.jp)
But if you have Addison's disease, you may need to take aldosterone as well. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Also known as hypocorticism, Addison's is a chronic condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce the necessary levels of cortisol and aldosterone, two hormones which are vital to the total health of the body. (totalhealthinstitute.com)

In this lesson, you will learn about disorders of the adrenal glands, including Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome, as well as their treatments. (naturez-vous.com)
This category comprises disorders of the adrenal glands involving dysfunction of adrenocortical hormone production and/or inadequate production of chemicals needed for stress. (glutenfreeworks.com)

The adrenal glands are small glands located on top of each kidney. (medlineplus.gov)
If not treated, Addison's disease may lead to severe abdominal pain, extreme weakness, low blood pressure, kidney failure, and shock - espe cially when the patient is experiencing physical stress. (nyhq.org)
The adrenal glands are small, endocrine organs located just above each kidney. (actforlibraries.org)
High blood pressure and protein loss through the urine are fairly common with hyperadrenocorticism and can contribute to kidney disease. (petmd.com)
If hyperglycemia remains untreated, it can result in heart or kidney disease, nerve damage, and diabetic ketoacidosis, reports Healthline. (reference.com)
People with diabetes or kidney disease must strive to maintain their blood pressure at around 130/80 because they are at higher risk of complications of hypertension. (smashwords.com)
The other 5% of high blood pressure cases are due to kidney disease, glandular (hormone/endocrine) problems or a side effect of some medications and are called secondary hypertension. (smashwords.com)
You have two adrenal glands, one located above each kidney. (mayoclinic.org)
You should not use this medicine if you have cirrhosis , severe liver or kidney disease, an electrolyte imbalance, adrenal gland failure, or an allergy to methazolamide or sulfa drugs. (rxlist.com)
One gland is located on top of each kidney. (stlukes-stl.com)
Your body has two adrenal glands , one on top of each kidney. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
He has been active in clinical research into feline chronic kidney disease and hypertension for 27 years and has published over 80 peer reviewed original research articles resulting from this research, receiving a number of national and international awards for his work. (apress.com)
They are paired glands, with one on the top of each kidney. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
I have underactive thyroid, kidney disease, & low cortisol levels. (healthtap.com)
It could also be from hormonal changes with estrogen or testosterone , and with kidney disease you could have an imbalance of those. (healthtap.com)

it can be due either to overstimulation of the adrenal cortex by an excessive secretion of ACTH from a tumour of the anterior pituitary (the context in which Cushing encountered it), or to an abnormal growth of cortisol-secreting tissue in the adrenals themselves. (encyclopedia.com)
1 In this genetic disease, mutations or deletion of the cytochrome P450 21 hydroxylase gene (CYP21) causes glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency, leading to an excess of ACTH and androgen production and adrenal hyperplasia. (nature.com)
Following clinical evaluation, a diagnosis of Addison's disease is commonly made by using the adrenocorticohormone (ACTH) stimulation test, which is a specialized test that measures the amount of cortisol present in the blood and/or urine after a dose of a synthetic stimulating hormone ACTH is administered to the patient. (news-medical.net)
ACTH then signals the adrenal glands to produce too much cortisol. (stlukes-stl.com)
These can check levels of the adrenal hormones and ACTH. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

What Are the Treatments for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)? (medlineplus.gov)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a genetic disease produced by dysregulation of endocrine control mechanisms. (acu-treatment.com)
21-Hydroxylase deficiency, a potentially fatal disease due to deletions or mutations of the cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21), causes congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with low or absent glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production. (nature.com)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency is a relatively common autosomal recessive disease in humans, occurring in one per 14000 live births. (nature.com)
In addition, various noninfectious causes can include cancer, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, bilateral adrenalectomy and the use of drugs such as ketoconazole and mitotane3. (news-medical.net)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a genetic disorder of the adrenal gland. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a common genetic endocrine disorder, with 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency accounting for 95% of the cases. (clinicaltrials.gov)
How does congenital adrenal hyperplasia cause chronic Addison disease? (medscape.com)
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a severe disorder of adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis caused by mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). (medscape.com)
Congenital Heart Disease (P. Woodward). (wiley.com)

Functioning adrenal adenomas may be treated with surgery and/or medications. (nih.gov)
The majority of adrenal adenomas are "nonfunctioning", which means they do not produce hormones and usually do not cause any symptoms. (nih.gov)
Cushing's syndrome , also called hypercortisolism (having abnormally high levels of cortisol), is caused by adrenal adenomas that release excess levels of the hormone cortisol. (nih.gov)
The exact underlying cause of most adrenal adenomas is unknown. (nih.gov)
Most adrenal adenomas are not inherited . (nih.gov)
Adrenal adenomas can secrete hormones, but 70% of them do not secrete hormones. (yesimerbil.com)
Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a pituitary-independent, primary adrenal form of hypercortisolism characterized by (a) resistance to suppression by dexamethasone and abolition of the normal diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion, and (b) distinctive, bilateral, histopathologic changes of the adrenal glands, such as the formation of variably sized, pigmented nodular adenomas, loss of normal zonation and atrophy of the extranodular cortex. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Metastases are the second most common type of adrenal mass, second only to adenomas. (bioportfolio.com)
Can adrenal adenomas cause excessive fatigue and weakness? (healthtap.com)

The glands may be overactive due to hypertrophy (exaggerated growth), benign tumours (adenoma) or a malignant form of cancer (carcinoma). (littlepawsferretrescue.co.uk)
The good news is most adrenal tumours are benign, meaning they will not spread to other places. (littlepawsferretrescue.co.uk)

However, problems can arise that result in the secretion of too much or too little of certain hormones, and this can lead to disease. (naturez-vous.com)
However, results that are indicative of Addison's disease will involve the test failing to cause cortisol secretion. (news-medical.net)
Hydrocortisone , usually at doses lower than in Addison disease (5-20 mg/d orally), most frequently in 2 or 3 divided doses (aim at reproducing the circadian cortisol secretion rhythm). (empendium.com)
The secretion of hormones from the adrenals is controlled by a gland in the brain called the pituitary. (medindia.net)

As a result the adrenal glands don't make enough cortisol. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
YourAdrenalGland makesHormonesOne of these hormones isCortisol which helps your body to deal with stressAccording to the theory put up by the alternative medicine specialists that when your life is full of stress adrenal gland may not make enough cortisol which may lead to variety symptoms. (healthtap.com)

Addison's disease , also called adrenocortical deficiency or primary adrenal hypofunction, is a rare condition caused by destruction of the cortex of the adrenal gland, one of several glands the endocrine system . (jrank.org)
Adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system. (littlepawsferretrescue.co.uk)
adrenal gland ədrēn´əl [ key ] or suprarenal gland so͞oprərēn´əl [ key ] , endocrine gland (see endocrine system ) about 2 in. (infoplease.com)
As part of your endocrine system, the adrenal glands produce hormones that give instructions to nearly every organ and tissue in your body. (mayoclinic.org)
Addison's disease is a disorder of the endocrine system. (totalhealthinstitute.com)
The function of the adrenal glands reveals the complex and harmonious coordination of the human body and the endocrine system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)

10% of them are genetic and the disease is localized in both adrenal glands. (yesimerbil.com)
Ten Facts About Celiac Disease Genetic Testing Is there a link between celiac and other autoimmune diseases? (celiac.com)
This information is provided by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). (rarediseases.org)

Some Addison's disease cases are caused by the actual destruction of the adrenal glands through cancer, infection, or other diseases. (nyhq.org)
Adrenal Gland Cancer: symptoms, diagnosis and treatments. (endocrineweb.com)
Adrenal Cancer page. (endocrineweb.com)
What is Adrenal Cancer? (endocrineweb.com)
Available at: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_2_1x_What_Is_Adrenal_Cancer.asp. (endocrineweb.com)
The most common organ to which adrenal cortical cancer spreads (distant metastases) are the liver and lung. (endocrineweb.com)
Chemotherapy has very little to add in the treatment of this cancer, and as of 1998, there is no convincing evidence that it will improve the survival duration of patients with adrenal cancer. (endocrineweb.com)
The administration of chemical substances for the treatment of disease, especially cancer, or for the prevention of aberrant growth of cells or tissues (neoplasms). (accessscience.com)
Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that usually originates either in the tissues of the adrenal gland or in the ganglia of the abdomen or in the ganglia of the nervous system . (encyclopedia.com)
These include ones used to treat psychological conditions, as well as cancer and heart disease. (healthline.com)
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is cancer of the thyroid gland that starts in cells that release a hormone called calcitonin. (stlukes-stl.com)
The purpose of this study is to compare EUS-B-FNA (using the EBUS scope)with EUS-FNA for left adrenal gland analysis in lung cancer patients. (bioportfolio.com)
Conversely, changed chromatin can support inflammatory or metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cancer. (helmholtz-muenchen.de)
Certain diseases, such as tuberculosis, cancer , or AIDS , can disrupt this harmonious balance and impact the production of these hormones . (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Adrenal morphology of 21OH− mice showed lack of zonation, and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adrenocortical mitochondria with few tubulovesicular christae. (nature.com)

Early detection of adrenal disease or disorder can help prevent serious health consequences. (actforlibraries.org)
Adrenal gland disorder occurs when the glands start to dysfunction producing either too little hormone or excess hormones. (sehat.com)
Frequent lack of energy, dizziness, weight loss or low blood pressure may point to adrenal gland disorder, states Healthline. (reference.com)
If you learn about the adrenals, you can keep up with your doctor's many considerations if you are under review for an endocrine disorder. (checkbiotech.org)
Treatment of thyroid disease varies based on the disorder. (wikipedia.org)
NORD is not a medical provider or health care facility and thus can neither diagnose any disease or disorder nor endorse or recommend any specific medical treatments. (rarediseases.org)
Adrenal gland disorders produce a broad range of symptoms depending on the type of disorder. (medindia.net)
I don't think most people with thyroid disease get vitiligo, but it is another auto-immune disease and once you get one auto-immune disorder you are more likely to develop more. (healthboards.com)

Destruction of the adrenal gland due to an autoimmune response is the most common cause of the disease. (nyhq.org)
An autoimmune process wherein the body attacks the adrenal glands, is responsible for most cases of Addison's disease. (actforlibraries.org)
however, in developed countries, this disease often occurs as a result an autoimmune reaction. (news-medical.net)
This autoimmune reaction causes the immune system to attack the adrenal glands. (news-medical.net)
[10] As for hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease , another autoimmune condition, is the most common type with a prevalence of 0.5% in males and 3% in females. (wikipedia.org)
Skov J, Sundstrom A, Ludvigsson JF, Kampe O, Bensing S. Sex-Specific Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Autoimmune Addison Disease-A Population-Based Cohort Study. (medscape.com)
Subsequent autoimmune or related disease in asthma patients: clustering of diseases or medical care? (medscape.com)
Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune condition and the most common cause of an underactive thyroid. (healthline.com)
Most cases of Addison's disease are caused by an autoimmune response, which happens when the body's immune system attacks its own organs and tissues. (aace.com)
It usually develops as an autoimmune reaction when your immune system attacks your adrenal glands. (medicinenet.com)
Why would autoimmune disorders make the thyroid gland produce excessive thyroxine? (healthtap.com)

One type of steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex is glucocorticoids. (naturez-vous.com)

Several options are available for the treatment of adrenal gland disease. (lovingcareanimalhospital.net)

What is Adrenal Cortical disease (Hyperadrenocorticism)? (littlepawsferretrescue.co.uk)
If you have not read the introduction page to adrenal cortical carcinoma , please do so first. (endocrineweb.com)
Like most other cancers, the stage of adrenal cortical cancers are defined by the "TNM" classification. (endocrineweb.com)
In concert with the adrenal cortical glands and outside body tissue, all of your major hormones for handling survival are thus made. (checkbiotech.org)

Is There Such a Thing as Adrenal Fatigue? (medlineplus.gov)
So, when these hormones are produced in low amounts, we get imbalances within the body that lead to the slowly developing symptoms of Addison's disease, which are muscle weakness, weight loss, nausea, fatigue, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, and patchy darkening of the skin. (naturez-vous.com)
I also recommend Dr. Lam's book, Adrenal Fatigue Syndrome - Reclaim Your Energy and Vitality with Clinically Proven Natural Programs and his website for more information on adrenal-strengthening supplements. (prohealth.com)
One hallmark of adrenal fatigue is connective tissue breakdown, and the gelatinous substance that comes from cartilage and tendons and which is found in fresh broth helps to rebuild that tissue. (prohealth.com)
While some people may be able to tolerate potatoes in their stews and soups, I don't recommend using potatoes if you have adrenal fatigue , because potatoes can spike the blood sugar, and many people are allergic to them because most are genetically modified (at least in the United States). (prohealth.com)
I entertain all of this in another topic that I've actually already done on adrenal fatigue. (checkbiotech.org)
I think many traditional doctors don't believe in Adrenal Fatigue so if you have a Naturopath in your area you might try that route. (healthboards.com)
Although I was diagnosed with Adrenal Fatigue my doc did not start me on Cortef, but on Adreset (a natural supplement) which I don't think has helped me much. (healthboards.com)
Adrenal fatigue, hypoadrenia, adrenal glands. (healthtap.com)
Can hypothyroidism cause adrenal fatigue? (healthtap.com)
Can dysfunctional adrenal gland(adrenal fatigue) lead to a low level of testosterone? (healthtap.com)

Adrenocortical disease (Hyperadrenocorticism), also known as Adrenal Disease, is a common ferret illness which usually affects middle aged to older ferrets (four to seven years old). (littlepawsferretrescue.co.uk)

an overactive thyroid gland can lead to ill health. (medic8.com)
an underactive thyroid gland may go undetected but tiredness and muscle cramps are often reported. (medic8.com)
this article outlines the role of the thyroid gland and explains how different lumps and swellings (goitre) in the gland are investigated. (medic8.com)
Thyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland (the endocrine organ found at the front of the neck that produces thyroid hormones ). (wikipedia.org)
Levothyroxine is the mainstay of treatment for people with hypothyroidism, [5] while people with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease can be managed with iodine therapy, antithyroid medication, or surgical removal of the thyroid gland. (wikipedia.org)
This disease attacks your thyroid gland and causes chronic thyroid inflammation. (healthline.com)
If your entire thyroid gland is removed due to thyroid problems, you'll develop hypothyroidism. (healthline.com)
Cortisol is made by the adrenal glands whereas hypothyroidism refers to low levels of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland. (healthtap.com)
Symptoms of swollen thyroid gland? (healthtap.com)
An enlarged thyroid gland is called a goiter . (healthtap.com)

And while not the master glands controling everything like the hypothalamus and pituitary, the adrenals are really the most important end organ glands receiving all the instructions from the hypothalamus and pituitary, and in turn are responsible for carrying out their plan for your body. (checkbiotech.org)
They work with the hypothalamus and pituitary glands in the brain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Pathologies can occur with the adrenal gland or outside the glands with the pituitary and/or hypothalamus , for example, which affect the functioning of the adrenal glands. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5745/adenoma-of-the-adrenal-gland. (mayoclinic.org)

Although variations of the blood supply to the adrenal glands are common, there are usually three arteries that supply each adrenal gland: the superior, middle, and inferior adrenal (or suprarenal) arteries. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

However, some may become "active" or "functioning" which means they produce hormones , often in excess of what the adrenal glands typically produce. (nih.gov)
These changes are attributable mainly to the action of cortisol on fat and protein in the body, although the growth of hair is due to an excess of the weak androgenic steroids also produced by the adrenal cortex. (encyclopedia.com)
Carbohydrates, especially higher-glycemic fruits, grains and simple sugars, when consumed in excess, tend to spike the blood sugar and stress the adrenal glands over the long run. (prohealth.com)
Apart from adrenal gland tumours, pituitary and some other tumours, and prolonged or excess use of steroid medications can also produce Cushing s syndrome. (medindia.net)
Adrenal androgen excess is another example of a hyperfunctioning state. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Yes, if they produce adrenal hormones in excess. (healthtap.com)

The adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones. (naturez-vous.com)
Natural steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex help control a wide range of processes in your body, from inflammation and immune function to salt and water balance and your ability to handle stress. (naturez-vous.com)
Artificial synthesis of the steroid hormones has made it possible to treat many conditions related to underactivity of the adrenal cortex, e.g. (infoplease.com)
In this newly approved SFB, the researchers want to answer basic scientific and translational questions regarding the adrenal gland, which could also be called the human stress organ: The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones (such as cortisol) and is involved in water, mineral and glucose balances. (helmholtz-muenchen.de)

So if you say, have liver disease, and the doctor thinks it's because you are an alcoholic, he's already made up his mind and isn't going to test for anything else. (celiac.com)
By the time the disease is diagnosed, it has often spread to the lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bones, or bone marrow . (encyclopedia.com)

Cells in this layer form oval groups, separated by thin strands of connective tissue from the fibrous capsule of the gland and carry wide capillaries. (acu-treatment.com)
21OH activity measured in adrenal tissue increased from undetectable to levels found in wild-type mice 2 to 7 days after AdhCYP21 injection. (nature.com)
Bones contain lots of adrenal-building nutrients, and when broth is freshly prepared (not store bought in a box or can), nutrients that help to rebuild the adrenals and connective tissue get extracted out of the bone marrow into the broth. (prohealth.com)
may be used as additional codes to indicate either functional activity by neoplasms and ectopic endocrine tissue or hyperfunction and hypofunction of endocrine glands associated with neoplasms and other conditions classified elsewhere. (icd10data.com)
The results should support the established hormone analysis in the blood and tie it to the findings in the adrenal tissue. (helmholtz-muenchen.de)

These small glands play a big role in your body. (aace.com)

In the UK, adrenal tumours in ferrets are much less common, although the frequency of diagnosis is increasing. (littlepawsferretrescue.co.uk)
This Celiac.com FAQ on celiac disease will guide you to all of the basic information you will need to know about the disease, its diagnosis, testing methods, a gluten-free diet, etc. (celiac.com)
Although potentially curable at early stages, only 30% of these malignancies are confined to the adrenal gland at the time of diagnosis. (endocrineweb.com)
X-ray tests play a central role in the diagnosis of adrenal cancers , and undoubtedly will play a central role in determining the type of treatment planned. (endocrineweb.com)
Ultrasonography frequently allows for the incidental diagnosis of adrenal masses. (intechopen.com)
Physical examination and laboratory investigations confirmed the diagnosis of Addison's disease due to Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii infection of the adrenal glands . (bvsalud.org)
A diagnosis of Addison's disease can be life altering, and left untreated can lead to serious health conditions. (totalhealthinstitute.com)

Anti-thyroid autoantibodies can also be used, where elevated anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies are commonly found in hypothyroidism from Hashimoto's thyroiditis and TSH-receptor antibodies are found in hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease. (wikipedia.org)
The pituitary directs the body's glands to produce hormones and thus a defect in the signaling system to the thyroid may cause hypothyroidism . (healthtap.com)

Cushing s disease- Cortisol levels in saliva, cortisol levels in the urine over 24 hours, cortisol suppression test (it is tested whether a synthetic steroid, called dexamethasone, which suppresses cortisol production by the body). (medindia.net)

This protocol will provide an overview of adrenal function and examine the development and consequences of the two primary adrenal disorders - Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome. (lifeextension.com)
Such conditions as Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome represent cases whereby the production of cortisol is abnormally low or excessively high. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

The capacity of the fetal adrenals for steroidogenesis is enormous, and, near term, the fetal adrenals secrete 100-200mg of the estrogen precursor daily. (medscape.com)
The adrenal glands secrete hormones that help maintain balance in your body. (naturez-vous.com)
In a healthy body, endocrine glands such as the adrenal glands secrete just the right amount of hormones at just the right times. (naturez-vous.com)
Adrenal glands need to secrete just the right amount of hormones to maintain homeostasis. (naturez-vous.com)
They secrete hormones such as cortisol that support the immune system, but under conditions of extreme stress, such as illness, the adrenals may under-function and not produce the proper amount of hormones required for recovery. (prohealth.com)
When the body needs calcium, the parathyroid glands secrete a hormone. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Therefore, pituitary dysfunction can also cause adrenal gland disorders. (medindia.net)

This may result in relapse of the primary disease the steroid was originally used to treat. (petmd.com)
Primary hyperaldosteronism can be caused by either hyperactivity in one adrenal gland (unilateral disease) or both (bilateral disease). (aace.com)
The most frequent adrenal pathologies encountered are hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome), primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome), and pheochromocytomas. (intechopen.com)

In endocrinology, Dr. Katznelson has a long standing clinical and research interest in the pathophysiology and treatment of pituitary disease. (stanford.edu)
The outermost portion of each adrenal, somewhat like a capsule, is called the cortex, and is divided into three zones, each of which controls a major portion of your survival endocrinology. (checkbiotech.org)

They usually occur in the lung , pancreas , thyroid, or thymus gland . (healthline.com)
The incidence of heterotopic pancreas (HP) is relatively rare and mainly found in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and no case of HP cyst in the adrenal gland has been reported. (bioportfolio.com)

We often think of a hulking body builder who is juiced up on steroids - or, if you or someone you know has ever dealt with a chronic disease, you may be familiar with steroid medication such as prednisone, which we will discuss later in this lesson. (naturez-vous.com)
Synthetic glucocorticoid medications, like prednisone, are helpful for treating diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, severe allergies, and other chronic illnesses. (naturez-vous.com)
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic disease which is characterized by recurrent oral apthous ulcerations, recurrent genital ulcerations, skin eruptions, ocular involvements and other various systemic manifestations as well as systemic vasculitis. (hindawi.com)
When you battle chronic Lyme disease , the adrenal glands can really take a beating. (prohealth.com)
Melioidosis often affects adults who have chronic underlying diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, and is often associated with illness and death. (cdc.gov)
chronic diarrhea (such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease). (drugs.com)

[4] Mild hypercortisolism without any obvious symptoms, called subclinical Cushing's syndrome, is common in people with an adrenal incidentaloma, although glucose intolerance and hypertension may be present in these cases. (nih.gov)
Evaluation and management of the adrenal incidentaloma. (mayoclinic.org)

A problem with your immune system usually causes Addison disease. (medlineplus.gov)
The immune system mistakenly attacks your own tissues, damaging your adrenal glands. (medlineplus.gov)
Fortunately, you can give your immune system a boost by supporting your adrenals with nutrients such as ashwaghanda, licorice, Siberian ginseng, Vitamin C and pantethine, as well as adrenal glandular formulas and even bioidentical hormones. (prohealth.com)
Although they are small, adrenal glands are powerful hormone factories that regulate many functions of the body such as your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress and other essential functions. (aace.com)

The outside layer of these glands makes hormones that help your body respond to stress and regulate your blood pressure and water and salt balance. (medlineplus.gov)

We think that mild enlargement of the adrenal gland in a trauma patient can be an early sign of an impending adrenal hemorrhage. (nih.gov)

Cushing's disease-also known as hypercortisolism and hyperadrenocorticism-is a serious disease that most affects middle-aged and senior dogs. (petmd.com)
Adrenal gland disease usually affects adult ferrets (older than 2 years). (lovingcareanimalhospital.net)
Addison's disease affects the adrenal glands. (medicalnewstoday.com)
As with Cushing's syndrome, Cushing's disease affects more women than men. (healthline.com)

In Cushing's syndrome , there's too much cortisol, while with Addison's disease , there is too little. (medlineplus.gov)
But, as we see in the case of Cushing's syndrome, too much of a good thing can lead to disease. (naturez-vous.com)
With Cushing's syndrome, there is too much hormone being secreted by the adrenal glands. (naturez-vous.com)
Overproduction of cortisol leads to Cushing's syndrome, whereas insufficient production is associated with Addison's disease. (acu-treatment.com)

Each layer of these glands makes different hormones. (ahealthyme.com)

Posttraumatic adrenal hemorrhage is a frequent finding after severe abdominal trauma and can have important clinical implications if it is bilateral. (nih.gov)

this article provides a guide to the function of the adrenal glands and some of the disorders which relate to them. (medic8.com)

Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the adrenal gland secretes too much stress hormone, or cortisol. (petmd.com)
As a result of one or more of the aforementioned causes, a significant amount of damage or complete destruction of the adrenal cortex occurs. (news-medical.net)
It occurs when the adrenal glands are damaged. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Cortisone , a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex . (britannica.com)
Cortisol is a steroid (glucocorticoid) hormone produced by the adrenal gland. (stlukes-stl.com)

The glands are yellowish in colour. (acu-treatment.com)
[10] The glands are yellowish in colour. (wikipedia.org)

In humans, the right adrenal gland is pyramidal in shape, whereas the left is semilunar and somewhat larger. (acu-treatment.com)
The right adrenal gland lies very close to a major blood vessel called the caudal vena cava, making removal more difficult. (lovingcareanimalhospital.net)

Addison s disease - This is an auto immune disease in which the body attacks its own adrenal glands. (medindia.net)

Potassium levels can be low as a result of a disease or from taking certain medicines, or after a prolonged illness with diarrhea or vomiting. (drugs.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms1

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

In vivo evidence that endogenous dopamine modulates sympathetic activity in man. (1/202)

Traumatic adrenal injury in children. (2/202)

A case of hypothalamic adrenal insufficiency manifested normal ACTH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. (3/202)

Apparently normal ovarian differentiation in a prepubertal girl with transcriptionally inactive steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1/SF-1) and adrenocortical insufficiency. (4/202)

Endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy: lessons learned from 111 consecutive cases. (5/202)

Evaluation of incidental renal and adrenal masses. (6/202)

Adrenal gland: structure, function, and mechanisms of toxicity. (7/202)

New adrenal-scanning agent. (8/202)

Adrenal Gland Diseases

Salivary Gland Diseases

Adrenal Glands

Sebaceous Gland Diseases

Sweat Gland Diseases

Dacryocystitis

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms

Lacrimal Apparatus

Sialadenitis

Eyelid Diseases

Submandibular Gland Diseases

Meibomian Glands

Adrenal Cortex

Adrenal Medulla

Sjogren's Syndrome

Adrenal Insufficiency

Salivary Glands

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Adrenalectomy

Autoimmune Diseases

Mammary Glands, Animal

Exocrine Glands

Submandibular Gland

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital

Adrenocortical Adenoma

Catecholamines

Splanchnic Nerves

Parotid Gland

Zona Fasciculata

Hydrocortisone

Corticosterone

Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal Cortex Diseases

Cushing Syndrome

Aldosterone

Zona Reticularis

Sweat Glands

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction

Sebaceous Glands

Chromaffin Cells

Sublingual Gland

Hyperaldosteronism

Harderian Gland

Adosterol

Chromaffin System

Steroid 21-Hydroxylase

Cosyntropin

Zona Glomerulosa

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Addison Disease

Adrenocortical Carcinoma

Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase

Myelolipoma

Tuberculosis, Endocrine

Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Epinephrine

Cattle

RNA, Messenger

Chromaffin Granules

In vivo evidence that endogenous dopamine modulates sympathetic activity in man. (1/202)

Traumatic adrenal injury in children. (2/202)

A case of hypothalamic adrenal insufficiency manifested normal ACTH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. (3/202)

Apparently normal ovarian differentiation in a prepubertal girl with transcriptionally inactive steroidogenic factor 1 (NR5A1/SF-1) and adrenocortical insufficiency. (4/202)

Endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy: lessons learned from 111 consecutive cases. (5/202)

Evaluation of incidental renal and adrenal masses. (6/202)

Adrenal gland: structure, function, and mechanisms of toxicity. (7/202)

New adrenal-scanning agent. (8/202)

Additional COVID-19 Findings - Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage - REF India

NESS - 2006 Posters - Adrenocortical Insufficiency Secondary to Traumatic Bilateral Adrenal Hemorrhage in a Child.

Browse In Electrolytes, Ethnicity, Female, Neonatal, Haemorrhage, ACTH | EDM Case Reports

Browse In Insulin, Female, Kidney function, Hypoglycaemia, Sirolimus, Topic, PET scan | EDM Case Reports

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Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage in essential thrombocythemia - Fingerprint - Okayama University