Drug Administration Schedule
United States Food and Drug Administration
Drug Administration Routes
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Rats, Wistar
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Disease Models, Animal
Injections, Subcutaneous
Administration, Rectal
Liver
Biological Availability
Injections, Intramuscular
Administration, Topical
The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.
Infusions, Intravenous
Half-Life
Drug Interactions
Area Under Curve
A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)
Rats, Inbred Strains
Administration, Cutaneous
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Dogs
Double-Blind Method
Cross-Over Studies
Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Treatment Outcome
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Administration, Inhalation
Kidney
Infusions, Parenteral
Body Weight
Random Allocation
Drug Tolerance
Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.
Morphine
Plant Extracts
Analysis of Variance
Injections, Spinal
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Rabbits
Lung
Analgesics, Opioid
Self Administration
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Pregnancy
Estradiol
Drug Combinations
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Hemodynamics
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Drug Therapy, Combination
Enzyme Inhibitors
Administration, Buccal
Prodrugs
Drug Approval
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.
Cocaine
An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
Naloxone
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Genetic Therapy
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Hydrocortisone
Absorption
Cells, Cultured
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Immunohistochemistry
Delayed-Action Preparations
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Pain Measurement
Pain
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Microdialysis
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Growth Hormone
Administration, Intravaginal
Inflammation
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Antioxidants
Models, Animal
Drug Delivery Systems
Bile
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Pyridines
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
Neoplasms, Experimental
Prospective Studies
Mice, Nude
Device Approval
Process that is gone through in order for a device to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required preclinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance. It is not restricted to FDA.
Mice, Transgenic
Neoplasm Transplantation
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Infusion Pumps
Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.
Pyrazoles
Glucocorticoids
A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.
Methamphetamine
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Neoplasms
Diazepam
Corticosterone
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Anesthesia
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).
Drug Carriers
Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Hyperalgesia
Neuroprotective Agents
Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
Leukocyte Count
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Gene Expression
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
Intestines
Haloperidol
A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Imidazoles
Anti-Anxiety Agents
Indomethacin
Brain Chemistry
Placebos
Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.
Suppositories
Medicated dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body for absorption. Generally, the active ingredients are packaged in dosage forms containing fatty bases such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated oil, or glycerogelatin that are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature.
Hypothalamus
Gene Expression Regulation
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Adenoviridae
Iodine Radioisotopes
Edema
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Neurons
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Infusion Pumps, Implantable
Implanted fluid propulsion systems with self-contained power source for providing long-term controlled-rate delivery of drugs such as chemotherapeutic agents or analgesics. Delivery rate may be externally controlled or osmotically or peristatically controlled with the aid of transcutaneous monitoring.
Chorionic Gonadotropin
A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
Feces
Blotting, Western
Narcotics
Oxidative Stress
Clinical Trials as Topic
Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.
Erythropoietin
Endotoxins
Sheep
Immunoglobulin G
Myocardium
Nicotine
Amphetamine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Injections, Intradermal
Corpus Striatum
Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Intestinal Mucosa
Treatment of cutaneous ulcers with benzoyl peroxide. (1/2779)
Benzoyl peroxide, a powerful organic oxidizing agent, was applied topically according to a carefully developed technique to cutaneous ulcers of different types. The healing time was shortened greatly by the rapid development of healthy granulation tissue and the quick ingrowth of epithelium. Exceptionally large pressure ulcers with deep cavities, undercut edges and sinus tracts were sucessfully treated, as were stasis ulcers of long duration resistant to all other therapy. There were only 13 treatment failures among the 133 cases. The slow, sustained release of oxygen by benzoyl peroxide was though to be responsible for the success. The only complications were contact irritant dermatitis in 3% and contact allergic dermatitis in 2% of patients treated. (+info)Analysis of Chinese herbal creams prescribed for dermatological conditions. (2/2779)
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether Chinese herbal creams used for the treatment of dermatological conditions contain steroids. DESIGN: 11 herbal creams obtained from patients attending general and paediatric dermatology outpatient clinics were analysed with high resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. SETTING: Departments of dermatology and clinical biochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence of steroid. RESULTS: Eight creams contained dexamethasone at a mean concentration of 456 micrograms/g (range 64 to 1500 micrograms/g). All were applied to areas of sensitive skin such as face and flexures. CONCLUSION: Greater regulation needs to be imposed on Chinese herbalists to prevent illegal and inappropriate prescribing of potent steroids. (+info)Bacteriologic cure of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. (3/2779)
Two long-term therapy trials with high concentrations of antibiotic were carried out to determine the duration of therapy required to achieve bacteriologic cure of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in guinea pigs. In the first study, corneas still contained Pseudomonas after 4 days of continual topical therapy with either tobramycin 400 mg/ml, amikacin 250 mg/ml, ticarcillin 400 mg/ml, or carbenicillin 400 mg/ml. In an 11-day trial of topical therapy with tobramycin 20 mg/ml, 34 of 36 corneas grew no Pseudomonas after 6 or more days of therapy. The bacteriologic response to therapy in this model occurred in two phases. About 99.9% or more of the organisms in the cornea were killed in the first 24 hr of therapy. The numbers of bacteria remaining in the cornea declined gradually over the next several days until the corneas were sterile. Optimal antibiotic therapy may include two stages: initial intensive therapy with high concentrations of antibiotic applied frequently to achieve a large rapid decrease in numbers of organisms in the cornea, followed by prolonged, less intensive therapy to eradicate organisms and prevent relapse. (+info)Effect of leukocytes on corneal cellular proliferation and wound healing. (4/2779)
PURPOSE: To establish whether fucoidin, by blocking the adhesion of leukocytes on the limbal vascular endothelium, prevents extravasation of the cells from the blood stream into the limbal stroma and the wounded area after corneal injury. Successful leukocyte blocking enabled investigation of the influence of leukocytes on corneal cellular proliferation after corneal wounding. METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand White rabbits were used. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and a standardized alkali corneal wound were used as models in two sets of experiments. In half of the injured rabbits fucoidin was used to prevent leukocytes from leaving the local vessels. The efficiency of the blocking technique was evaluated by counting the number of leukocytes in the limbal and wounded corneal areas. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was used as a marker for proliferative activity. RESULTS: The infiltration of leukocytes into the limbus and the cornea after PRK and alkali injuries can be blocked by fucoidin. The healing rate of corneal epithelium after alkali burn was retarded in the absence of leukocytes. PCNA expression was enhanced in the presence of leukocytes. Fucoidin per se had no influence on corneal cell proliferation and wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) can be prevented from entering the cornea in vivo by fucoidin after PRK and after alkali burn. The corneal epithelial healing rate is delayed in the absence of PMNs in vivo, and PCNA expression increases in the presence of leukocytes. (+info)Riluzole improves functional recovery after ischemia in the rat retina. (5/2779)
PURPOSE: Retinal ischemia leads to neuronal death. The effects of riluzole, a drug that protects against the deleterious effect of cerebral ischemia by acting on several types of ion channels and blocking glutamatergic neurotransmission, were investigated in a rat model of retinal ischemic injury. METHODS: Retinal ischemia was induced by increasing intraocular pressure above systolic blood pressure for 30 minutes. Electroretinograms were recorded before ischemia and at different periods of reperfusion. Riluzole was injected or topically applied to the eye before or after ischemia and twice daily during the reperfusion period. Retinas were harvested for histopathology (toluidine blue and silver-impregnation stainings, Tdt-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling [TUNEL] method) and immunohistochemistry for cytoskeletal glial fibrillary acid protein and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (p-JNK). RESULTS: Ischemia for 30 minutes caused a reduction of a- and b-waves of the electroretinogram. Systemic and topical treatments with riluzole significantly enhanced the recovery of the reduced a- and b-waves after defined reperfusion times. Riluzole also prevented or attenuated ischemia-induced retinal cell death (necrosis and apoptosis) and reduced the activation of p-JNK, c-jun phosphorylation, and the increase of cytoskeletal proteins induced by ischemic injury. CONCLUSIONS: Riluzole acted in vivo as a potent neuroprotective agent against pressure-induced ischemia. Therefore, riluzole may be a major drug for use in protection against retinal injury. (+info)Topical psoriasis therapy. (6/2779)
Psoriasis is a common dermatosis, affecting from 1 to 3 percent of the population. Until recently, the mainstays of topical therapy have been corticosteroids, tars, anthralins and keratolytics. Recently, however, vitamin D analogs, a new anthralin preparation and topical retinoids have expanded physicians' therapeutic armamentarium. These new topical therapies offer increased hope and convenience to the large patient population with psoriasis. (+info)Contact hypersensitivity: a simple model for the characterization of disease-site targeting by liposomes. (7/2779)
A murine model of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is characterized with respect to liposome accumulation at a site of inflammation. Mice were sensitized by painting the abdominal region with a solution of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and inflammation was induced 5 days later by challenging the ear with a dilute solution of DNFB. The inflammatory response was readily monitored by measuring ear thickness (edema) and radiolabeled leukocyte infiltration. Maximum ear swelling and cellular infiltration occurred 24 h after the epicutaneous challenge with the ear returning to normal size after approximately 72 h. We demonstrate that large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) accumulate at the site of inflammation to a level more than 20-fold higher than that measured in the untreated ear. Vesicle delivery to the ear correlated with increased vascular leakage resulting from endothelium remodeling in response to DNFB challenge, and was not a consequence of increased local tissue blood volume. Extravasation occurred only during the first 24 h after ear challenge; after this time the permeability of the endothelium to vesicles returned to normal. We further showed that LUV with a diameter of 120 nm exhibit maximum levels of accumulation, that a polyethylene glycol surface coating does not increase delivery, and that the process can be inhibited by the application of topical corticosteroids at the time of induction. These data and the inflammation model are discussed with respect to developing lipid-based drug delivery vehicles designed to accumulate at inflammatory disease sites. (+info)Topical gene delivery to murine skin. (8/2779)
We topically applied naked plasmid DNA containing the luciferase or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cDNA directly to mouse skin. Gene expression was detected in skin samples as early as 4 h after DNA application, plateaued from 16 to 72 h post-application, and had decreased significantly by 7 d post-application. Reporter gene activity following topical DNA delivery was comparable with that produced by intradermal injection of DNA. Plasmid DNA at concentrations > or =0.25 microg per microl were required to achieve maximal expression levels. Reporter gene expression following topical administration was largely confined to the superficial layers of the epidermis and to hair follicles. Surprisingly, certain cationic liposomes inhibited the efficiency of cutaneous gene transfer. This technique provides a simple, clinically relevant approach to deliver genes to the skin, with potential application in treating a variety of cutaneous disorders. (+info)
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Tacrolimus
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 29 April 2020. "Prograf: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( ... The drug can also be sold as a topical medication in the treatment of T-cell-mediated diseases such as eczema and psoriasis. ... "Tacrolimus Topical". MedlinePlus. Tacrolimus at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "FDA ... The most common adverse events associated with the use of topical tacrolimus ointments, especially if used over a wide area, ...
Lotion
Though this has some use as a route of drug administration, it more commonly results in unintended side effects. For example, ... Lotion is a low-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to the skin. By contrast, creams and gels have higher ... "Betamethasone (Topical)". Lexicomp Online. Hudson, OH: Lexi-Comp, Inc. April 21, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017. Graham, ... The Food and Drug Administration voiced concern about lotions not classified as drugs that advertise anti-aging or anti-wrinkle ...
Ketoconazole
"国家食品药品监督管理总局关于停止生产销售使用酮康唑口服制剂的公告(2015年第85号)" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 25 June 2015. Archived from the ... Topical ketoconazole is also used as a treatment for dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp) and for seborrheic ... However, topical ketoconazole, which does not distribute systemically, is safe and widely used still. Ketoconazole HRA was ... The topical formulations have not been associated
Witch-hazel
... may be sold as a semisolid ointment, cream, gel, or salve for topical use, and due to its astringent and antiseptic ... In 2017, one manufacturer of skin care products containing witch-hazel was warned by the Food and Drug Administration for ... As an ingredient and topical agent, witch-hazel water is regulated in the United States as an over-the-counter drug for ... "Witch hazel - topical". Health Canada: Drugs and Health Products. 13 April 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2017. Thring, Tamsyn SA; ...
Open flow microperfusion
A New Possible Way to Evaluate Bioequivalence of Topical Drugs. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 25 June 2019. Center for ... topical or systemic application, and dOFM is mentioned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a new method for assessment ... Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (14 May 2021). "Topical Dermatological Products". FY2020 ... perform head-to-head comparison of novel topical drug formulations assess dermal bioavailability. investigate high molecular ...
Atopic dermatitis
If topical corticosteroids and moisturisers fail, short-term treatment with topical calcineurin inhibitors such as tacrolimus ... "FDA approves new eczema drug Dupixent". US Food & Drug Administration. 28 March 2017. Archived from the original on 28 March ... A 2015 meta-analysis, though, indicated that topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus are more effective than low-dose topical ... Cury Martins J, Martins C, Aoki V, Gois AF, Ishii HA, da Silva EM (July 2015). "Topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis". The ...
Sparkler
"The Dangers of Fireworks" (PDF). Topical Fire Research Series. U.S. Fire Administration/National Fire Data Center. 5 (4). June ...
Papain
Topical drug ointments containing papain are used to remove dead or contaminated tissue in acute and chronic lesions, such as ... On September 23, 2008, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned companies to stop marketing ophthalmic balanced salt ... Shuren J (2008-09-22). "Topical Drug Products Containing Papain; Enforcement Action Dates" (PDF). United States Food and Drug ... The FDA said, "Papain-containing drug products in topical form historically have been marketed without approval...". According ...
Anabolic steroid
Oral administration is the most convenient. Testosterone administered by mouth is rapidly absorbed, but it is largely converted ... There are four common forms in which AAS are administered: oral pills; injectable steroids; creams/gels for topical application ... The traditional routes of administration do not have differential effects on the efficacy of the drug. Studies indicate that ... did not find an increase in the occurrence of angry behavior during 10 weeks of administration of testosterone enanthate at 600 ...
Skin care
"Topical Acne Drug Products". CFR - Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 1 April 2018. Skin ... According to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act "does not recognize any ... Treatment measures with topical antibiotic medication can be helpful. Cosmeceuticals are topically applied, combination ... website]. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Updated 26 January 2015. [3] Schwanitz HJ, Riehl U, Schlesinger ...
Benzocaine
... with over-application of topical products or when applying topical products that contain high concentrations of benzocaine to ... Food and Drug Administration. FDA Public Health Advisory: Life-threatening side effects with use of skin products containing ... "Benzocaine Topical Products: Sprays, Gels and Liquids - Risk of Methemoglobinemia". Drugs.com. Retrieved March 20, 2014. "FDA ... Benzocaine, sold under the brand name Orajel amongst others, is an ester local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain ...
Abametapir
"Xeglyze (abametapir) lotion, for topical use" (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Dr. Reddy's Laboratories. Inc. ... The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers it to be a first-in-class medication. Abametapir is indicated for the ... The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved abametapir based on evidence from two identical clinical trials of 699 ... "Drug Trial Snapshot: Xeglyze". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 24 July 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2020. This article ...
Vasoconstriction
The routes of administration vary. They may be both systemic and topical. For example, pseudoephedrine is taken orally and ... Many are used in medicine to treat hypotension and as topical decongestants. Vasoconstrictors are also used clinically to ...
Aminoglycoside
Some are used in topical preparations for wounds. Oral administration can be used for gut decontamination (e.g., in hepatic ... and the duration of antibiotic administration. Another serious and disabling side effect of aminoglycoside use is vestibular ... because of their toxicity and inconvenient route of administration) except for multiple-drug-resistant strains.[citation needed ...
Wiley protocol
Hormones are applied transdermally, using an oil-based skin cream for topical administration.[self-published source?] Doses of ... Topical rather than oral administration[self-published source?] The protocol also includes a follow-up program to monitor the ...
Dental anesthesia
Topical anaesthetics in dentistry act on the peripheral nerves on mucosal surfaces to reduce sensation. Topical anaesthetics ... The onset of a myotoxic episode can occur within a few hours to a few days after local anaesthetic (LA) administration. A ... Topical anesthetics benzocaine, eugenol, and forms of xylocaine are used topically to numb various areas before injections or ... When the LA has a "relative" contraindication the administration of the LA is not preferable and should be avoided, but does ...
Tazarotene
Like other topical retinoids, such as tretinoin and adapalene, tazarotene can be combined with benzoyl peroxide or an oral ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved March 11, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) Mukherjee S, Date A, ... Kolli SS, Pecone D, Pona A, Cline A, Feldman SR (June 2019). "Topical Retinoids in Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review". Am J ... Han G, Wu JJ, Del Rosso JQ (September 2020). "Use of Topical Tazarotene for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris in Pregnancy: A ...
Stormont, Dundas & Glengarry County Library
Operations of the SDG Library are centralized and run out of the Library's Administration Office located in Cornwall, Ontario. ... a variety of topical databases; programmes; CNIB (Canadian National Institute for the Blind) collections and other accessible ...
Neper
General Services Administration, Federal Supply Service. 1980. p. 73. Karjus, Andres; Blythe, Richard A.; Kirby, Simon; Smith, ... Kenny (10 February 2020). "Quantifying the dynamics of topical fluctuations in language". Language Dynamics and Change. 10 (1 ...
Retapamulin
... is a topical antibiotic developed by GlaxoSmithKline. It is the first drug in the new class of pleuromutilin ... Retapamulin was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in April 2007 for the treatment of bacterial skin ... Systemic exposure following topical application through intact skin is low. None yet reported. The most common reported adverse ... Retapamulin is indicated for the topical treatment of impetigo due to Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible only) or ...
Fentanyl
"Guideline for administration of fentanyl for pain relief in labour" (PDF). RCP. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March ... Topical (or transdermal; via the skin) and inhalative exposure to fentanyl is extremely unlikely to cause intoxication or ... In 2009, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Onsolis (fentanyl buccal soluble film), a fentanyl drug in a new ... Onset of action after I.V. administration of Fentanyl is 3-5 minutes; duration of action is 30-60 minutes. "Fentanyl drug ...
Adapalene
Furthermore, of the three topical retinoids, adapalene is often regarded as the most tolerable. Use of topical adapalene in ... Adapalene was approved in 1996 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of acne. A study has ... increases the efficacy and penetration of other topical acne medications that are used in conjunction with topical retinoids as ... However, it is recommended that the topical medication should not be applied to the nipple or any other area that may come into ...
Diva Amon
In 2016 she boarded the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ship Okeanos Explorer and explored the deep ocean near ... Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. "Expeditions". Diva Amon. 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2018-08-14. US ... Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer: Gulf of Mexico 2017: ...
Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary
The National Marine Sanctuary program is under the administration of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ... "Blue whale habitat and prey in the California Channel Islands". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 45 ... Administration, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric. "NOAA's Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary ... Administration, US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric. "NOAA's Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary ...
Efinaconazole
"Drug Approval Package: Jublia topical solution (efinaconazole) NDA #203567". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 24 ... It is approved for use in the United States, Canada, and Japan as a 10% topical solution for the treatment of onychomycosis ( ... Efinaconazole is an azole antifungal indicated in the US for the topical treatment of onychomycosis of the toenails due to ... In 2020, the FDA approved a supplemental New Drug Application for efinaconazole topical solution, 10%, which extended the age ...
Desonide
"Tridesilon Topical Cream 0.05pct Drug Medication Dosage Information". www.cvs.com. Retrieved 2015-12-01. Clinical trial number ... The mechanism of these properties, however, is unclear for the dermal route of administration. Following absorption through the ... It is currently unknown whether topical application of Desonide can pass into breast milk. Similar drugs taken orally have been ... Desonide (INN) is a low-potency topical corticosteroid anti-inflammatory that has been available since the 1970s. It is ...
Medical uses of silver
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a number of topical preparations of silver sulfadiazine for treatment of ... The U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2007 cleared an endotracheal tube with a fine coat of silver to reduce the risk of ... A number of wound dressings containing silver as an anti-bacterial have been cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ( ... "Is It a Cosmetic, a Drug, or Both? (Or Is It Soap?)" Food and Drug Administration. "Regulation of colloidal silver and related ...
List of drugs banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency
Topical uses of glucocorticoids does not require an exemption. Beta blockers are prohibited during competition in a number of ... Because of this and metabolic regulation effects, the administration of any glucocorticoid orally, rectally, intravenously, or ... Desmopressin, plasma expanders (such as glycerol; intravenous administration of albumin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch and ...
Sex Is Not the Enemy
Shirley's lyrics got much more topical socially and politically." Manson felt a need to respond to what she saw as the Bush ... Manson used the song to register her protest that nobody she knew felt represented by the Bush administration. On March 28, ... The lyrics incorporated themes that broached the Bush administrations efforts to roll-back gay rights, reproductive rights and ... administration clamping down on LGBT+ and reproductive rights and people's civil liberties. Guitarist Steve Marker considered ...
Susitna River
Dena'ina Topical Dictionary. Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center. Dall, 1870, p.12,273 "15292000 Susitna River at Gold ... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration "Cook Inlet - Northern part 1:194,154 nautical chart 16660". National Oceanic ... "Cook Inlet-Approaches to Anchorage, Alaska; 1:50,000 nautical chart 16665". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. " ... National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "Build new Alaskan bridge in dead of winter". Popular Mechanics. May 1921. p. ...
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"National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Goddard Media Studios. ციტირების თარიღი: 7 November 2018.. ... Topical Studies in Oceanography. 49 (9-10): 1601-1622. Bibcode:2002DSRII..49.1601T. doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00003-6.. ...
Hand sanitizer
Food and Drug Administration. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.. *^ "British Columbians warned over hand sanitizers ... because they are intended for topical anti-microbial use to prevent disease in humans.[51] ... "U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 10 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.. ... "U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.. ...
Defence Select Committee
Topical. *Arms Export Controls. *Environmental Audit. *European Scrutiny. *Petitions. *Public Accounts. *Public Administration ... It examines the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies,[1] ... The Defence Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the ... The ISC oversees the policies, expenditure, administration and operations of MI5, MI6, GCHQ, Defence Intelligence, the Joint ...
Estradiol
administration. Oral, sublingual, intranasal, topical/transdermal, vaginal, intramuscular or subcutaneous (as an ester), ... Topical estrogen has been found to have similar beneficial effects on the skin.[25] In addition, a study has found that topical ... Uterine weight = Percentage change in uterine wet weight of ovariectomized rats after 72 hours with continuous administration ... Kuhl H (August 2005). "Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration". ...
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Infusion pump
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has launched a comprehensive initiative to improve their safety, called the Infusion Pump ... with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached. ... and the needed pressure varies with the administration route, potentially causing risk when attempted by an individual not ...
Public broadcasting
"UNC-Chapel Hill Master of Public Administration. October 21, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2017.. ... Czech Radio broadcasts four nationwide stations Radiožurnál, Dvojka, Vltava and Plus, several regional and topical digital ... It is the successor to the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC), which was established by the administration of Prime ... The Ministry of Information is responsible for the administration of all government TV channels and Radio. ...
Vitamin E
Topical[edit]. Although there is widespread use of tocopheryl acetate as a topical medication, with claims for improved wound ... "Overview from the US Food & Drug Administration. Retrieved 24 August 2018.. *^ "Alliance for Natural Health v. Sebelius, Case ... "U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 27 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2020.. This article incorporates text from this source, ... "U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 21 December 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2020.. This article incorporates text from this ...
Piroxicam
"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.. This article incorporates ... Topical products for joint and muscular pain (M02). Anti-inflammatory. preparations,. non-steroids. ... "U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 21 July 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2020.. This article incorporates text from this source, ... Therapeutic Goods Administration, Department of Health and Ageing, Australian Government. July 1999: 97.. {{cite journal}}. : ...
Hypodermic needle
Topical anesthetics can be used to desensitize the area where the injection will take place to reduce pain and discomfort.[26] ... The trend of needle specification for use began in the 1920s, particularly for the administration of insulin to diabetics.[15] ... The onset of World War II spurred the early development of partially disposable syringes for the administration of morphine and ... Hypodermic needles remain essential to large volume administration or exchange in settings of trauma or dialysis. ...
Ultraviolet
However, phototherapy can be effective when used in conjunction with certain topical treatments such as anthralin, coal tar, ... National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017.. ... Torma, H.; Berne, B.; Vahlquist, A. (1988). "UV irradiation and topical vitamin A modulate retinol esterification in hairless ... UVB phototherapy does not require additional medications or topical preparations for the therapeutic benefit; only the exposure ...
Mount Ararat
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. p. 226.. *^ a b de Planhol, X. (1986). "Ararat". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived ... Lydolph, Paul E. (1979). Geography of the U.S.S.R., Topical Analysis. Misty Valley Publishing. p. 46. ...about 65 kilometers ... "ararat.mtad.am (in Armenian). Ministry of Territorial Administration and Development of Armenia. Archived from the original on ...
Organ-on-a-chip
Oral administration is one of the most common methods for drug administration. It allows patients, especially out-patients, to ... As such, skin-on-a-chip (SoC) applications include testing of topical pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, studying the pathology of ... Hair follicles are the primary route into the subcutaneous layer for topical creams and other substances applied to the surface ... treating the body as a single compartment in which the drug distribution reaches a rapid equilibrium after administration. ...
Anaphylaxis
Administration of epinephrine is the treatment of choice with antihistamines and steroids (for example, dexamethasone) often ... and topical medications.[16] Physical factors such as exercise (known as exercise-induced anaphylaxis) or temperature (either ... "Aquestive Therapeutics Successfully Demonstrates Repeatable and Predictable Oral Sublingual Film Administration of Epinephrine" ... The intramuscular route is preferred over subcutaneous administration because the latter may have delayed absorption.[8][45] It ...
Aspirin
"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 9 July 2015. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.. ... Topical aspirin may be effective for treating some types of neuropathic pain.[83] ... "U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 15 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.. ... Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study". New England Journal of Medicine. 309 (7): 396-403. doi:10.1056/ ...
Seng bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Oxford, J. S.; Öberg, Bo (1985). Conquest of viral diseases: a topical review of drugs and vaccines. Elsevier. hlm. 142. ISBN ... US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) menyatakan bahwa seng dapat merusak reseptor saraf di hidung, menyebabkan anosmia. ... United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) memperingatkan konsumen untuk berhenti menggunakan seng intranasal.[160] ... "Herpes genitalis - Topical zinc sulfate: An alternative therapeutic and modality". Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted ...
Ibuprofen - Wikipédia Sunda, énsiklopédi bébas
by mouth, rectal, topical, and intravenous Ibuprofen nyaéta ubar antiinflamasi non-steroid (NSAID) nu dipaké pikeun ngubaran ... "Therapeutic Goods Administration. 31 July 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 20 August 2016. Diakses tanggal 8 May ...
Nicotine poisoning
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated in 2013: "There are no significant safety concerns associated with using more ... In some cases children have become poisoned by topical medicinal creams which contain nicotine.[11] ... Treatment is mainly supportive and further care can include control of seizures with the administration of a benzodiazepine, ... The initial treatment of nicotine poisoning may include the administration of activated charcoal to try to reduce ...
Accounting
The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and the Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) are the most popular degrees. The PhD is the ... "Accounting Program Research Rankings by Topical Area and Methodology." Issues in Accounting Education 25 (4) (November): 631- ... Many of these professional bodies offer education and training including qualification and administration for various ...
Topical fluoride
People using high-fluoride toothpaste should avoid eating or rinsing their mouth for at least 30 minutes after administration ... As topical fluoride lowers the pH, bacteria have to consume more energy to maintain a neutral environment, leaving less energy ... While topical fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries, it should be used with caution in specific situations to avoid ... Topical fluoride is available in a variety of dose forms, for example, toothpaste, mouth rinses, varnish and silver diamine ...
Topical antifungal drugs
Nystatin is the only polyene antifungal that is available for topical administration. The drug is derived from Streptomyces ... Discuss with healthcare professionals before the use of topical antifungal agents. Prior to using topical antifungals, wash the ... Topical antifungal drugs may come with side effects such as itching and local irritation. They can also interact with food and ... Topical antifungal drugs are used to treat fungal infections on the skin, scalp, nails, vagina or inside the mouth. These ...
Oral candidiasis
... can be treated with topical anti-fungal drugs, such as nystatin, miconazole, Gentian violet or amphotericin B ... depending on the route of administration. Topically administered corticosteroids in the mouth may take the form of mouthwashes ... The prognosis of such infection is usually excellent after the application of topical or systemic treatments. However, oral ... but occasionally it can occur after only a few days of using a topical antibiotic. This is usually termed "antibiotic sore ...
List of timelines
Timelines by year are timelines for one particular year that show the developments for that year within the topical area of ... Food and Drug Administration History and Related Legislation (1862-present) Timeline of women lawyers (1869-present) Timeline ...
Aspiration pneumonia
The administration of anesthesia causes suppression of protective reflexes, most importantly the gag reflex. As a result, ... One broad method of decreasing the number of bacteria in the mouth involves the use of antimicrobials, ranging from topical ...
Outline of Laos
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Laos: Laos is a landlocked, sovereign nation in ... Wikimedia Atlas of Laos The National Portal of Laos Lao National Tourism Administration Lao Voices Lao Media Laos at Curlie ...
Herbal medicine
Salves, oils, balms, creams, and lotions are other forms of topical delivery mechanisms. Most topical applications are oil ... Over the years 2017-21, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warning letters to numerous herbalism companies for ... This oil can then be made into salves, creams, lotions, or simply used as an oil for topical application. Many massage oils, ... In the United States, herbal remedies are regulated dietary supplements by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under current ...
Graduate Theological Foundation
Professional degrees are practice-oriented in the relevant field of study with an emphasis on topical issues and solutions to ... in administration. The average student body age is 51 years old, and 66% are male while 34% are female. Approximately 78% of ...
Lyme disease
Intravenous administration of ceftriaxone is recommended as the first choice in these cases; cefotaxime and doxycycline are ... Another crucial preventive measure is the use of persistent acaricides, such as topical repellents or pesticides that contain ... It was granted fast track designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in July 2017. In April 2020 Pfizer paid $130 ... On 21 December 1998, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved LYMErix on the basis of these trials for persons of ages ...
Structured Product Labeling
SPLIMAGE is for image files of oral solid dosage forms that are submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with SPL ... Additionally, a variety of subteams address specific topical and subject issues. Current subteams include: Biologics, VetMeds, ... "Guidance for Industry: Indexing Structured Product Labeling". Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2021-06-04. (page history ... Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2015-07-18. Kass-Hout, Taha A. (18 August 2014). "Providing Easy Public Access to ...
Doxepin
Slow intravenous administration of physostigmine may reverse some of the toxic effects of overdose such as anticholinergic ... A 2010 review found that topical doxepin is useful to treat itchiness. A 2010 review of treatments for chronic hives found that ... Management of overdose is mostly supportive and symptomatic, and can include the administration of a gastric lavage so as to ... Eschler DC, Klein PA (August 2010). "An evidence-based review of the efficacy of topical antihistamines in the relief of ...
Cardiac Emboli Documented by Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiogram During Administration of a Topical Hemostatic Agent...
Cardiac Emboli Documented by Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiogram During Administration of a Topical Hemostatic Agent ... Prior to performing a PSO, a topical hemostatic agent can be injected into the vertebra through the pedicle screw pilot holes ... Methods: We injected a topical hemostatic matrix agent through the pedicle screw pilot holes into the L1 vertebral body prior ... after the injection of a topical hemostatic agent into a vertebra prior to performing a pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO). ...
Division of Materials Research: Topical Materials Research Programs: Biomaterials (BMAT), Condensed Matter Physics (CMP),...
AWARD ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION. A. Notification of the Award. Notification of the award is made to the submitting ... Please note that the following four Topical Materials Research Programs are NOT participating in this solicitation as they are ... All proposals submitted to these four DMR Topical Materials Research Programs (other than the following exceptions) must be ... Through this solicitation, investigators may submit only one proposal across DMR to any of the Topical Materials Research ...
Axiron (Testosterone Topical Solution): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Testosterone Topical Solution) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and ... single phase solution containing 30 mg of testosterone in 1.5 mL of AXIRON solution for topical administration through the ... testosterone) topical solution, for topical use. Please read these Instructions for Use before using AXIRON and each time you ... Children should avoid contact with unwashed or unclothed application sites in men using AXIRON [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ...
Clindagel Topical Gel (Clindamycin Phosphate): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Clindagel Topical Gel (Clindamycin Phosphate) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, ... In an open label, parallel group study of 24 patients with acne vulgaris, once-daily topical administration of approximately 3- ... Clindagel® (clindamycin phosphate gel) topical gel, 1%, a topical antibiotic, contains clindamycin phosphate, USP, at a ... Use of the topical formulation of clindamycin results in absorption of the antibiotic from the skin surface. Diarrhea, bloody ...
Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8%
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% should be used as a component of a comprehensive management program ... Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% is for external use only. *Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% should be applied evenly over the ... Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% as a component of a comprehensive management program, is indicated as topical treatment in ... Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% contains a synthetic antifungal agent, ciclopirox. It is intended for topical use on ...
Panretin®(alitretinoin)gel 0.1%(For topical use only)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. Panretin® gel should initially be applied two (2) times a day to cutaneous KS lesions. The ... about 25 times the estimated daily human topical dose on a mg/m2 basis). Animal reproduction studies with topical 9-cis- ... In vivo, 4-oxo-9-cis-retinoic acid is the major circulating metabolite following oral administration of 9-cis-retinoic acid. ... It is not known whether topical Panretin® gel can modulate endogenous 9-cis-retinoic acid levels in a pregnant woman nor ...
FORMALDEHYDE - TOPICAL side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug FORMALDEHYDE - TOPICAL. ... Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration. You are ... TOPICAL, includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended dosages, and storage information. ... formaldehyde - topical. The display and use of drug information on this site is subject to express terms of use. By continuing ... GENERIC NAME: FORMALDEHYDE - TOPICAL (for-MAL-de-hyde). Medication Uses , How To Use , Side Effects , Precautions , Drug ...
WHO EMRO | Pilot study of safety and efficacy of topical liposomal amphotericin B for cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by...
Drug administration. Lip-AmB 0.4% was produced under good manufacturing practice conditions at Razaak Arak Pharmaceutical ... topical Lip-AmB 0.4% alone, topical Lip-AmB 0.4% combined with meglumine antimonate, and meglumine antimonate plus cryotherapy. ... we compared the safety and efficacy of topical Lip-AmB 0.4% alone, topical Lip-AmB 0.4% combined with meglumine antimonate, and ... especially topical formulations, are desired by patients, physicians and governments. Different topical formulations, mainly ...
Unintentional Topical Lindane Ingestions --- United States, 1998--2003
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration. Lindane shampoo and lindane lotion. Rockville, MD: Food ... Unintentional Topical Lindane Ingestions --- United States, 1998--2003. Lindane* is an organochlorine pesticide found in ... Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and state health departments, collected case reports and analyzed data from the Sentinel ... program to identify symptomatic cases involving unintentional topical lindane ingestions during 1998--2003. Cases were ...
Topical drug delivery - Wikipedia
Topical drug delivery (TDD) is a route of drug administration that allows the topical formulation to be delivered across the ... The mechanism of topical delivery includes the diffusion and metabolism of drugs in the skin. Historically, topical route was ... Each of these layers have an effect on the absorption of topical drug. When the topical drug is applied to the skin, it must ... The pH of the skin layers are basic, hence basic topical drugs will be absorbed better than acidic topical drugs. These factors ...
Neosporin LT Lip Treatment (pramoxine/allantoin topical) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more.
... pramoxine/allantoin topical), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & ... Administration. Apply directly to lips or apply to finger and then cover lips ... encoded search term (pramoxine/allantoin topical (Neosporin LT Lip Treatment)) and pramoxine/allantoin topical (Neosporin LT ... pramoxine/allantoin topical (OTC). Brand and Other Names:Neosporin LT Lip Treatment ...
Current options for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris
Administration, Topical * Adolescent * Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage * Benzoyl Peroxide / administration & ... Current options for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris Pediatr Dermatol. 1997 Nov-Dec;14(6):480-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1525- ... recent research has produced a number of new significant oral and topical agents. Azelaic acid, a naturally occurring ... and reformulations of tretinoin represent new and forthcoming agents for topical treatment of acne vulgaris. Some studies ...
Dialysis-Related Beta-2m Amyloidosis Medication: Immunosuppressants, Analgesics, Topical, Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs ...
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Medication: Hypoglycemic Agents, Antiandrogens, Topical Hair-Removal Agents, Oral Contraceptives,...
On March 1, 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) notified health care professionals of updates to the prescribing ... Tretinoin topical cream 0.02-0.1%; topical gel 0.01-0.1%; topical solution 0.05% (Retin A, Renova, Atralin, Avita, Refissa, ... Acne Agents, Topical. Class Summary. Various topical over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription agents are available to treat acne ... Topical Hair-Removal Agents. Class Summary. Eflornithine cream can be used to treat androgen excess. ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Topical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Alleviates the Imiquimod Induced Psoriasis-Like...
Topical application of drugs could potentially bypass several issues associated with oral or intravenous administration such as ... Topical Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Alleviates the Imiquimod Induced Psoriasis-Like Inflammation by Bin Zhang ... B) Topical application of exosome oil-in-water emulsion cream on skin explant culture. Human skin explant culture was topically ... B) Topical application of exosome oil-in-water emulsion cream on skin explant culture. Human skin explant culture was topically ...
Topical Pain Relief: Market Expected To Garner USD 11133.17 Million By 2028
The global topical pain relief market expected to garner a value of USD 11133.17 million by the end of 2028 by registering a ... by Route of Administration (Intra-mammary, and Systemic); by Therapy (Lactating Period, Dry Period), and by End-User ( ... Who are the major players dominating the Topical Pain Relief market?. The major players in the global topical pain relief ... Limited availability of topical pain relievers for neonates and pediatrics, as the use of topical anesthetics and analgesics in ...
Public Policy and Management | Middle Tennessee State University
Topical PPM elective 3 credit hours. Subtotal: 15 Hours. Junior Spring. *. PS 4290 - Public Service Internship 1 to 12 credit ... Politics and administration at the state and local level. Legislative, judicial, and administrative structures and processes; ... Topical PPM Electives (6 hours). *. PS 3600 - U.S. Environmental Policy 3 credit hours ... Topical PPM Electives (6 hours). *. PS 3600 - U.S. Environmental Policy 3 credit hours ...
GenOne Topical Spray l Antibiotic For Dogs
Dosage and Administration: Prior to treatment, remove excessive hair and clean the lesion and adjacent area. Hold bottle ... GenOne Topical Spray. (GENTAMICIN SULFATE WITH BETAMETHASONE VALERATE). GenOne Spray - VetOne is used for the treatment of ... Administration of recommended dose beyond 7 days may result in delayed wound healing. Animals treated longer than 7 days should ... Gentamicin, a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic, is a highly effective topical treatment for gram-positive and gram- ...
US8546450B1 - Treatment of pain with topical diclofenac compounds - Google Patents
230000035492 administration Effects 0.000 description 98 * 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 91 ... topical. solution. knee. topical diclofenac. Prior art date. 2009-03-31. Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is ... US8546450B1 - Treatment of pain with topical diclofenac compounds - Google Patents. Treatment of pain with topical diclofenac ... 230000000699 topical Effects 0.000 title claims description 527 * 229960001259 diclofenac Drugs 0.000 claims abstract ...
Topical Steroids for Children
Learn which low-potency versions of topical steroids should be used on children to fight skin problems while minimizing side ... Only a handful of topical steroids are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in children. ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. DESONATE (desonide) gel 0.05% for topical use only. ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ELOCON (mometasone furoate) cream 0.1% for topical use. ...
Hyphema Glaucoma Medication: Topical beta-blockers, Osmotic diuretics, Antifibrinolytics, Cycloplegics, Carbonic anhydrase...
Maximum reduction of IOP usually occurs 1 h after glycerin administration. Effect usually lasts approximately 5 h. ... It may be used concomitantly with other topical ophthalmic drug products to lower IOP. If more than one topical ophthalmic drug ... When IOP cannot be controlled with topical drops and IOP is high enough to cause optic nerve damage in a short period of time, ... Topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are less effective than oral agents but have less systemic side effects. ...
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 6948 : Peripheral blockade of topical morphine tolerance by ketamine : Kolesnikov YA, Pasternak GW
Pasternak GW Peripheral blockade of topical morphine tolerance by ketamine Eur J Pharmacol 1999 374(2):R1-2 ... Repeated topical administration of morphine daily produces tolerance within three days. Ketamine alone has little effect in the ... Furthermore, topical ketamine also slowly reversed pre-existing morphine tolerance. These observations imply that topical ... However, with administered with morphine, topical ketamine prevented the development of morphine tolerance in a dose-dependent ...
What is the efficacy of topical benzylamines for the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis (athlete's foot)?
Topical benzylamines have been shown to be effective in some patients with interdigital tinea pedis with only 1 week of ... Chen S, Ran Y, Dai Y, Lama J, Hu W, Zhang C. Administration of Oral Itraconazole Capsule with Whole Milk Shows Enhanced ... Topical benzylamines have been shown to be effective in some patients with interdigital tinea pedis with only 1 week of ... Luzu (luliconazole topical cream 1%). [package insert]. Bridgewater, NJ: Valeant Pharmaceuticals North America LCC. February, ...
Opzelura (ruxolitinib) cream 1.5% | CenterWatch
Approved July 2022 for the topical treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo in patients 12 years of age and older ... Indication 1 - the topical treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis Dosing/Administration ... Dosing/Administration. Instruct patients to apply a thin layer of Opzelura twice daily to affected areas of up to 10% body ... Indication 2 - the topical treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo in adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older. ...
Miel: MedlinePlus suplementos
Staunton, C. J., Halliday, L. C., and Garcia, K. D. The use of honey as a topical dressing to treat a large, devitalized wound ... Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) Summary for Derma Sciences Medihoney Primary Dressing with Active Manuka Honey. October 18 ... Topical application of honey in the management of radiation mucositis. A preliminary study. Support Care Cancer 2003;11:242-8. ... Topical application of honey in the management of chemo/radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: A systematic review and network ...
A Topical Index of COVID-19 Articles on Just Security
The Biden Administrations Senseless Opposition to Congresss Effort to Prevent Abusive National Guard Deployments. by Joseph ... Litigation Tracker: Major Decisions Facing the Biden Administration. by Karl Mihm, Justin Cole, Iva Petkova, Margaret Shields, ... Editors Note: This topical index will be updated as new articles are published. Last updated Oct. 16. ... Timeline: The Trump Administration and the U.S. Postal Service. by Chris Shenton ...
Topical NSAID Safe, Effective Regardless of Patient Age
Topical diclofenac sodium 1% gel improved pain scores related to knee osteoarthritis and is well-tolerated in younger and older ... Voltaren was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for osteoarthritic pain in 2007. The gel is applied to the painful ... Topical NSAIDs represent an attractive alternative to oral forms of the drug, providing pain relief while avoiding the various ... "This industry-sponsored study adds to a growing evidence base in support of the safety and efficacy of topical diclofenac for ...
CorticosteroidsFormulationRouteInjectableCream2022OintmentsMedicationsOral and topicalIntravenousApplicationFormulationsFood and Drug AdminEfficacy of topicalAbsorption of topicalOphthalmic administrationDrugsRoutesTreatmentBioavailabilityCreamsMedicationOintmentLocal anesthetic agentsTransdermalSteroidsDoseTINCTURESIntraocular pressureAnalgesicsAntibioticsNSAIDsAcneNonsteroidalPlus Topical PatchDrugDiclofenacGelsGeneric NameTherapiesGastrointestinalRednessSkinProductsPatientsAntibioticProductTreatmentsClindamycinSolutionDiluteCortisolSootheExposurePotent
Corticosteroids8
- The formulation of topical drugs can be classified into corticosteroids, antibiotics, antiseptics, and anti-fungal. (wikipedia.org)
- Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids, including Fluocinonide Cream USP, 0.1%, can produce reversible hypothalamicpituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis suppression with the potential for clinical glucocorticosteroid insufficiency. (drugs.com)
- Because of the potential for systemic absorption, use of topical corticosteroids, including Fluocinonide Cream USP, 0.1%, may require that patients be periodically evaluated for HPA axis suppression. (drugs.com)
- Recovery of HPA axis function is generally prompt and complete upon discontinuation of topical corticosteroids. (drugs.com)
- Indeed, the data from randomized controlled trials suggest that these agents have a smaller cancer risk that their vehicles or topical corticosteroids ( Table I ). In the case of topical pimecrolimus, during randomized controlled trials, of 19,000 study subjects treated, two cancers occurred [ 5 ]. (cdlib.org)
- Topical ointments containing corticosteroids may be applied on skin rashes and in the case of allergies. (vetinfo.com)
- Topical corticosteroids are the standard treatment but require continuous administration, and associated complications are evident. (lww.com)
- The report ' Osteoarthritis Therapeutics Market by Anatomy (Knee, Hand), Drug Type (NSAIDs, Analgesics, Corticosteroids), Route of Administration (Parenteral), Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacies),Purchasing Pattern (Prescription Drugs)-Global Forecast to 2025 ', The Global Osteoarthritis Therapeutics Market is projected to reach USD 11.0 billion by 2025 from USD 7.3 billion in 2020, at a CAGR of 8.7% from 2020 to 2025. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Formulation10
- Topical drug delivery (TDD) is a route of drug administration that allows the topical formulation to be delivered across the skin upon application, hence producing a localized effect to treat skin disorders like eczema. (wikipedia.org)
- Besides using carriers, other factors such as pH, lipophilicity, and drug molecule size govern the effectiveness of topical formulation. (wikipedia.org)
- In this pilot study, a topical formulation containing a liposomal dispersion of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex was shown to be clinically effective and well tolerated for the treatment of mild-moderate acne and large, visible pores when used for 3 weeks. (nih.gov)
- Opzelura is a topical cream formulation of ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor. (centerwatch.com)
- September 28, 2011 (San Diego, California) - A topical formulation of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac sodium 1% gel ( Voltaren Gel , Endo Pharmaceuticals) shows safety and efficacy in relieving knee osteoarthritis pain in both younger and elderly patients, according to research presented here at the American Academy of Pain Management (AAPM) 22nd Annual Clinical Meeting. (medscape.com)
- In this study, naked RNA DPs were formulated with liposomes to form RNA-lipoplexes (RNA-LPX) that (i) protect RNA from degradation in the serum, (ii) enable in vivo targeting of antigen-presenting cells (APC), and therefore (iii) constitute a novel vaccine formulation that supports intravenous administration. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Another similar study, which was published in the European Journal of Pain , also investigated arthritis in rats, but this time using a topical formulation of CBD instead of an injection. (zmescience.com)
- We evaluate the in-use tolerance of 5% minoxidil novel formulation topical solution-test product (TP)-compared with 5% minoxidil alcohol-based topical solutions-reference product 1 (RP1) and reference product 2 (RP2)-in Indian men with androgenetic alopecia. (springer.com)
- Patients with androgenetic alopecia treated with alcohol-based minoxidil topical solutions often report local irritation, dryness, and redness of the scalp, which are more common in 5% formulations compared with 2% formulations, as a higher percentage of propylene glycol is used in 5% than 2% formulation to solubilize minoxidil. (springer.com)
- The dosage, formulation, and frequency of administration are determined according to what the drug is being used to treat and the type and size of animal receiving the treatment. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Route18
- Each vaccine has a recommended administration route and site. (cdc.gov)
- Historically, topical route was the first route of medication used to deliver drugs in humans in ancient Egyptian and Babylonian in 3000 BCE. (wikipedia.org)
- When recommending an OTC product to a consumer, discuss the use(s) and route of administration of the product. (fda.gov)
- The topical administration of drugs allows targeted care of dermatological or loco-regional pathologies, or by transdermal route. (seppic.com)
- The objective of these studies was to evaluate the role which sensitization route plays in the development of latex allergy using murine models representative of potential exposure routes by which health care workers (topical and respiratory) and spina bifida patients (subcutaneous) may be sensitized. (cdc.gov)
- The Worldwide Veterinary Medicine Market has been segmented on the basis of Products, Animals, Route of Administration and End Users. (medgadget.com)
- Depending on the Route of Administration , the market can be broken down into Parental, oral, and topical. (medgadget.com)
- Our report has categorized the market based on product type, route of administration, dosage form and distribution channel. (imarcgroup.com)
- What is the breakup of the market based on the route of administration? (imarcgroup.com)
- Paisley summarized a paper concerning ivermectin and how the route of administration affects the availability of the drug. (guinealynx.info)
- the resultant dosage form determines the route of administration and the clinical efficacy and safety of the drug. (msdvetmanual.com)
- 7. Verify the resident's name, the medication name, dosage, route of administration and time of administration prior to administering the medication. (collegerecruiter.com)
- MLs are essential for FDA-approved heartworm preventives, can have broader endectocidal properties (depending on dose and route of administration), and can be combined with other active ingredients to expand parasite coverage. (cliniciansbrief.com)
- What are the Administration Route(s)? (ndclist.com)
- The translation of the route code submitted by the firm, indicating route of administration. (ndclist.com)
- On the basis of route of administration, the osteoarthritis therapeutics market has been segmented into oral, topical, and parenteral routes. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- This can be attributed to the wide adoption of the parenteral route for administering osteoarthritis therapeutics owing to the ease of administration and the better pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, resulting in better patient compliance. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- It also covers the therapeutics assessment by product type, stage, route of administration, and molecule type. (researchandmarkets.com)
Injectable1
- The use of injectable, topical or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be used to provide additional and longer lasting pain relief. (cornell.edu)
Cream4
- Opzelura is supplied as a cream for topical use. (centerwatch.com)
- Simple combinations of lidocaine cream or related topical anesthetic agents can also be effective. (medscape.com)
- In other countries, it may also be available as a topical foam, vaginal cream and oral suspension. (dermnetnz.org)
- FDA to Review Topical Psoriasis Treatment for Young Children Roflumilast cream 0.3% was approved for treating psoriasis in adolescents and adults in July. (medscape.com)
20222
- According to IQVIA, Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide Topical Gel, 0.3%/2.5% has an estimated market size of US$211 million for twelve months ending March 2022. (financialexpress.com)
- YAVNE, Israel, Aug. 03, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- MediWound Ltd. (Nasdaq: MDWD) ("MediWound"), a fully-integrated biopharmaceutical company focused on next-generation biotherapeutic solutions for tissue repair and regeneration, today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted for review its recently re-submitted Biologics License Application (BLA) for NexoBrid ® for eschar removal (debridement) in adults with deep partial-thickness and/or full-thickness thermal burns. (tmcnet.com)
Ointments2
- In these ancient cities, topical medications like ointments and potions were used on the skin. (wikipedia.org)
- Menthol is a substance found naturally in peppermint, also produced synthetically in laboratories for use as an ingredient in much of topical pain relief (analgesic) creams, gels, ointments, solutions, sprays, and skin patches. (medicinenet.com)
Medications15
- These advancements are used to enhance the delivery of topical medications to the skin by using chemical and physical agents. (wikipedia.org)
- Here, Dr. Joshua Zeichner explains the differences between systemic treatments and topical treatments, including examples of specific medications and potential side effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- They may prescribe systemic treatments when the affected skin surface is too large for treatment with topical medications, or when plaques do not improve with topical treatments. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Topical medications treat the skin and do not address internal issues such as arthritis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Doctors typically limit the use of topical steroids to no more than 2 consecutive weeks for most medications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Topical pain relievers or other medications that can be massaged on the gums are rarely effective as they wash out very quickly. (popsugar.com)
- Clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide are in a class of medications called topical antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
- Be sure to mention any of the following: erythromycin (E.E.S., E-Mycin, Erythrocin) and other topical medications for acne. (medlineplus.gov)
- In about half of the Indian male population with androgenetic alopecia, its severity is grade I to III, which could be potentially treated with either oral or topical medications [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
- Topical onion extract gel is commonly used in commercial anti-scar medications. (jcadonline.com)
- According to a survey conducted in 2009, topical onion extract gel is commonly used in commercial antiscar medications. (jcadonline.com)
- Tacrolimus is in a class of medications called topical calcineurin inhibitors. (medlineplus.gov)
- Topical therapies with antiseptic and antimicrobial medications may also be required. (jeffreysglassman.com)
- It is generally managed with topical steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications. (bmj.com)
- Apply any topical medications you may be using. (verywellhealth.com)
Oral and topical4
- Despite a relative dearth of new treatments for almost a decade, recent research has produced a number of new significant oral and topical agents. (nih.gov)
- Intravenous, oral and topical (dermatological and ophthalmological) administration. (e-lactancia.org)
- It is, however, extremely probable that there are significant differences in outcomes between oral and topical administration of CBD products. (zmescience.com)
- Mirtazapine is available from compounding pharmacies in varying strengths of oral and topical formulations. (wedgewoodpharmacy.com)
Intravenous3
- The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and tolerability of intravenous administration of a tetravalent RNA-lipoplex cancer vaccine targeting four tumor-associated antigens in patients with advanced melanoma. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Therefore, use intravenous, oral, or topical diclofenac with caution, if at all, in patients with a history of or active GI disease, including peptic ulcer disease or GI bleeding. (pdr.net)
- Road rash treatment often starts with the administration of intravenous fluids. (jeffreysglassman.com)
Application26
- Children should avoid contact with unwashed or unclothed application sites in men using AXIRON [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
- Clindagel® is indicated for topical application in the treatment of acne vulgaris. (rxlist.com)
- Systemic absorption of ciclopirox was determined in five patients with dermatophytic onychomycoses, after application of ciclopirox topical solution, 8%, to all 20 digits and adjacent 5 mm of skin once daily for six months. (nih.gov)
- Panretin® gel 0.1% contains alitretinoin and is intended for topical application only. (nih.gov)
- Although there are no detectable plasma concentrations of 9- cis -retinoic acid metabolites after topical application of Panretin® gel, in vitro studies indicate that the drug is metabolized to 4-hydroxy-9- cis -retinoic acid and 4-oxo-9- cis -retinoic acid by CYP 2C9, 3A4, 1A1, and 1A2 enzymes. (nih.gov)
- These experiments led to the development of skin toxicology in the mid-1970s, including symptoms like irritation, skin inflammation, and skin photo-toxicity upon application of topical drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- Diffusion expression: J = A D C / h {\displaystyle J=ADC/h} Upon application of the topical drug on the skin, it will diffuse to the outer layer of the skin, known as stratum corneum. (wikipedia.org)
- Do not apply external heat, including a heat pad, after topical application. (medicinenet.com)
- Topical application of menthol is unlikely to result in overdose. (medicinenet.com)
- On closer perusal of the literature, however, it becomes apparent that a small but significant number of reports exist which show that deeper penetration can take place and that subcutaneous drug levels can be achieved following topical application which cannot be reached after parenteral or oral administration of the active agent. (cdc.gov)
- GL-NPs carrying Cy5-labeled plasmid DNA demonstrated distinct trafficking behavior and biodisposition within the eye in vivo after intravitreal or topical application with respect to pathways of movement and physicochemical stability. (mattek.com)
- After intravitreal injection in mice, GL-NPs localized within the nerve fiber layer of the retina, whereas after topical application, GL-NPs were located in several anterior chamber tissues, including the limbus, iris and conjunctiva. (mattek.com)
- Sol-Gel plans to submit a new drug application for Twyneo to the Food and Drug Administration in the second half of 2020. (marketwatch.com)
- In 2013, the FDA approved topical application of brimonidine 0.33% (Mirvaso) for facial erythema or rosacea . (newdrugapprovals.org)
- Flat mount analysis revealed that, after laser-induced photocoagulation, topical VS application for 20 days significantly reduced CNV lesions. (molvis.org)
- Topical VS application suppresses the progression of laser-induced CNV via angiogenesis inhibition and may constitute a therapeutic alternative for excessive neovascularization occurring with ocular diseases. (molvis.org)
- Foams focus the use of a topical formula on an area to ensure proper penetration of the active ingredient or to act solely on the surface, promoting homogeneity when spreading, and improving texture and feel during application. (seppic.com)
- Its use for skin corrosivity testing involves the topical application of test materials to the surface of the skin, and the subsequent assessment of their effects on cell viability. (europa.eu)
- While edibles are usually the products of choice, some prefer topical CBD products to avoid gastrointestinal problems or to reap potential pain reduction effects from local application to specific body parts, such as a sore shoulder or ankle. (zmescience.com)
- To quantify plasma concentrations of prednisolone and dexamethasone (peripheral and jugular) and cortisol following topical ophthalmic application of 1% prednisolone acetate and 0.1% dexamethasone to healthy adult dogs. (avma.org)
- For topical application dilute to 1% for the face and 2-5% for body. (mightynest.com)
- Lidocaine may be absorbed following topical administration to mucous membranes, its rate and extent of absorption depending upon concentration and total dose administered, the specific site of application and duration of exposure. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- In general, the rate of absorption of local anesthetic agents following topical application occurs most rapidly after intratracheal administration. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- A New Drug Application for Amphora as a non-hormonal, vaginal gel contraceptive was accepted by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July of 2015. (globenewswire.com)
- The New Drug Application (NDA) for voclosporin (Aurinia Pharmaceuticals) has been submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment for lupus nephritis. (empr.com)
- Young adult guinea pigs of both sexes were exposed to the test compounds by topical application to the skin and by intradermal injection. (europa.eu)
Formulations5
- Cases of diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, and colitis (including pseudomembranous colitis ) have been reported as adverse reactions in patients treated with oral and parenteral formulations of clindamycin and rarely with topical clindamycin (see WARNINGS ). (rxlist.com)
- Abdominal pain and gastrointestinal disturbances, as well as gram-negative folliculitis , have also been reported in association with the use of topical formulations of clindamycin. (rxlist.com)
- Future Market Insights utilises a triangulation methodology that is primarily based on experimental techniques such as patient-level data, to obtain precise market estimations and insights on Molecule and Drug Classes, API Formulations and preferred modes of administration. (pharmiweb.com)
- Design and development of topical liposomal formulations in a regulatory perspective. (mtmt.hu)
- Information derived from other formulations, concentrations and usages reveals that lidocaine is completely absorbed following parenteral administration, its rate of absorption depending, for example, upon such factors such as the site of administration and the presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor agent. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
Food and Drug Admin28
- Some vaccines are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for administration by the Pharmajet Stratis needle-free injection system. (cdc.gov)
- 5. Food and Drug Administration. (cdc.gov)
- Only a handful of topical steroids are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in children. (verywellhealth.com)
- Voltaren was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for osteoarthritic pain in 2007. (medscape.com)
- The Food and Drug Administration has not evaluated these statements. (netrition.com)
- Current US Food and Drug Administration approval for oxymetazoline is for patients ≥6 years of age, but medical professionals may elect to use it short-term and off label for younger children in particular clinical scenarios in which the potential benefit may outweigh risks (eg, active bleeding, acute respiratory distress from nasal obstruction, acute complicated sinusitis, improved surgical visualization, nasal decongestion for scope examination, other conditions, etc). (aap.org)
- [5-12-2010] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received reports of adverse events in consumers who mistakenly swallowed Benadryl Extra Strength Itch Stopping Gel . (fda.gov)
- This is a small-molecule drug that has Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of psoriasis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- however, it is important to note that the Aricept (donepezil HCl) 23 mg tablet has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. (cnn.com)
- In February 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Breakthrough Therapy designation for enfortumab vedotin in combination with pembrolizumab for patients with unresectable la/mUC who are ineligible to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the first-line setting. (biospace.com)
- The country's Food and Drug Administration has already approved the use of CBD-infused topicals. (forbes.com)
- The statements made within this website have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. (allergicpet.com)
- The Food and Drug Administration discourages using over-the-counter topical gum soothers on children . (popsugar.com)
- Objective: This commentary is designed to provide a clinical viewpoint regarding the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and its recent decision to imposed a "black box warning" on the topical calcineurin inhibitors, pimecrolimus and tacrolimus. (cdlib.org)
- We entrust food and drug safety to our governmental regulatory agency, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (cdlib.org)
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Duobrii to treat plaque psoriasis in adults. (key-golf.com)
- Unfortunately, a lot of the larger FDM outlets have only sold topical CBD products due to the lack of legal clarity from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (nasdaq.com)
- Disclaimer: Statements made, or products sold through this website, have not been evaluated by the United States Food and Drug Administration. (vitadigest.com)
- The current treatment options for androgenetic alopecia are limited to minoxidil (2% and 5%) and finasteride (1 mg/day), which are the treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration for male androgenetic alopecia [ 4 , 5 ]. (springer.com)
- You can also visit the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website ( http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm ) or the manufacturer's website to obtain the Medication Guide. (medlineplus.gov)
- To date, no drug has been specifically approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of premature ejaculation. (medscape.com)
- SAN DIEGO, Jan. 11, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Evofem, a biotechnology company focused on the development and commercialization of women's health products, announced today that it met with representatives of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") in a Pre-IND (Investigational New Drug) meeting for its lead product, Amphora to be evaluated for the prevention of recurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV). (globenewswire.com)
- This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. (herbalife.com)
- This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration and is not intended to diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure a disease. (aromaland.com)
- These products have not been tested or approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (purestcolloids.com)
- The Food and Drug Administration approved Marqibo in August as a treatment for recurrences of a rare type of adult lymphoblastic leukemia. (manufacturing.net)
- Sensitization effects were evaluated using the Draize test as recommended by the US Department of Agriculture, Food and Drug Administration. (europa.eu)
- FDA Approves Roche's COVID-19 Antibody Roche Holding AG said on Wednesday the US Food and Drug Administration had approved its monoclonal antibody for treating COVID-19 in hospitalized adult patients. (medscape.com)
Efficacy of topical2
- This industry-sponsored study adds to a growing evidence base in support of the safety and efficacy of topical diclofenac for osteoarthritis of the knee," said Dr. Reisfield, an assistant professor and director of the Division of Pain and Palliative Medicine at the University of Florida College of Medicine's Department of Community Health & Family Medicine in Jacksonville. (medscape.com)
- To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the efficacy of topical onion extract for the improvement of blepharoplasty scars. (jcadonline.com)
Absorption of topical3
- For chemical agents, carriers like liposomes and nanotechnologies are used to enhance the absorption of topical drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- Each of these layers have an effect on the absorption of topical drug. (wikipedia.org)
- Systemic absorption of topical cutaneous acyclovir is negligible (Mactal 2001). (e-lactancia.org)
Ophthalmic administration3
- Prednisolone and dexamethasone are detected in the plasma of healthy dogs following topical ophthalmic administration 4 times/d with prednisolone concentrations being close to a physiologic dose of orally administered prednisolone. (avma.org)
- To evaluate the ocular safety of OTX-101 0.09% - a novel, nanomicellar, clear, aqueous solution of cyclosporine (CsA) - and to determine the systemic exposure to CsA following ophthalmic administration. (dovepress.com)
- The immunomodulatory properties of CsA are utilized in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) via topical ophthalmic administration. (dovepress.com)
Drugs11
- Clindagel belongs to a class of drugs called Acne Agents, Topical. (rxlist.com)
- The mechanism of topical delivery includes the diffusion and metabolism of drugs in the skin. (wikipedia.org)
- The delivery of topical drugs needs to pass through multiple skin layers and undergo pharmacokinetics, hence factor like dermal diseases minimize the bioavailability of the topical drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- The wide use of topical drugs leads to the advancement in topical drug delivery. (wikipedia.org)
- The newer development of topical drugs occurred between 130 and 200 AD. (wikipedia.org)
- With this barrier, stratum corneum affects the permeability of topical drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- What drugs interact with menthol topical? (medicinenet.com)
- Menthol topical has no listed severe, serious, moderate, or mild interactions with other drugs . (medicinenet.com)
- Topical steroids are one of the most commonly prescribed dermatological drugs among all age groups. (verywellhealth.com)
- As a result, health regulators remain reluctant to approve most topical steroids for OTC use, fearing that parents and guardians won't understand the risks or how to use the drugs properly. (verywellhealth.com)
- Sepineo™ P600 is a 3-in-1 multifunctional polymer used for topical drugs such as thickeners, emulsifiers, and stabilizers. (seppic.com)
Routes2
Treatment17
- Responses to Panretin® gel were seen in both previously untreated patients and in patients with prior systemic and/or topical KS treatment. (nih.gov)
- Azelaic acid, a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid analogue, has shown promise, and a group of retinoids that include adapalene, tazarotene, and reformulations of tretinoin represent new and forthcoming agents for topical treatment of acne vulgaris. (nih.gov)
- the topical short-term and non-continuous chronic treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis in non-immunocompromised patients 12 years of age and older whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. (centerwatch.com)
- Topical steroids are often used as a treatment option for children, but not all are safe for younger kids. (verywellhealth.com)
- This may occur during treatment or upon withdrawal of the topical corticosteroid. (drugs.com)
- Although there are no head-to-head studies comparing oral with topical NSAIDs, the treatment effects are comparable, he added. (medscape.com)
- Bravecto Topical Solution for Dogs kills adult fleas and is indicated for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations and the treatment and control of tick infestations [Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick), Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick), and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)] for 12 weeks in dogs and puppies 6 months of age and older, and weighing 4.4 pounds or greater. (lambertvetsupply.com)
- Bravecto Topical Solution For Dogs is also indicated for the treatment and control of Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) infestations for 8 weeks in dogs and puppies 6 months and older and weighing 4.4 pounds or greater. (lambertvetsupply.com)
- After that initial treatment, they will usually recommend intermittent use of topical steroids for maintenance. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The topical treatment is a combination of benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin. (marketwatch.com)
- All children aged 1-10 years were offered either single dose oral azithromycin treatment (20 mg/kg) or a course of topical 1% tetracycline ointment, depending on the area. (bmj.com)
- A non-controlled clinical study, in patients with antibiotic-resistant stomatitis caused by Candida albicans , topical treatment with saponins from primula root, led to the disappearance of local symptoms within 2-3 days. (escop.com)
- Minoxidil topical solutions, 2% and 5%, are the widely used treatment option for male androgenetic alopecia. (springer.com)
- The evidence from this study suggests that topical Aloe and in particular Calendula could serve as safe and effective treatment for the treatment of diaper dermatitis in infants. (hindawi.com)
- Adapalene and Benzoyl Peroxide Topical Gel, 0.3%/2.5% is indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older. (financialexpress.com)
- Plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly lower than baseline following 14 days of treatment with topical prednisolone acetate and dexamethasone. (avma.org)
- RESULTS: Topical treatment led to progressive healing of diabetic foot ulcers with a significant reduction of the wound area and an improvement in the clinical appearance of the ulcers. (japmaonline.org)
Bioavailability4
- There were significant differences in Ivermectin's bioavailability and biological half-life between oral and subcutaneous administrations. (guinealynx.info)
- Ivermectin's blood plasma concentrations were lower after oral administration so systemic bioavailability and duration of antiparasitic action was decreased. (guinealynx.info)
- Greatest bioavailability of Ivermectin is achieved first using subcutaneous administration, followed by oral then topical administration. (guinealynx.info)
- stated that CBD topical has the lowest bioavailability of all the CBD delivery methods, yet it has a potential for treating localized pain. (boutiquetoyou.com)
Creams5
- Nonsteroidal topicals do not tend to be as potent or fast acting as steroidal creams, but they are safe to use for extended periods of time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Topical analgesics are sometimes called 'joint pain relief creams', 'muscle pain relief gels', or similar. (nps.org.au)
- What's more, different forms of the same topical analgesic (gels versus creams, for example) can produce different levels of pain relief. (nps.org.au)
- A Canberra woman who had an adverse reaction to a newly banned product contained in at least 16 non-prescriptive topical creams is urging Australians to check their medicine cabinets. (the-riotact.com)
- Her parents have tried topical steroid creams that did not help clear the rash. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Medication10
- This article reviews topical steroids' potency, efficacy, and side effects and provides various medication options. (verywellhealth.com)
- In the urgent care setting, emergency department, or inpatient setting, to avoid excessive administration of the medication, medical professionals should use the spray bottle in an upright position with the child upright. (aap.org)
- Bravecto Topical Solution For Dogs is a topical medication (applied directly to your dog's skin) containing fluralaner. (lambertvetsupply.com)
- 1. Perform limited medication administration tasks as delegated by a licensed nurse. (collegerecruiter.com)
- 3. Administer and document medication administration per physician's orders. (collegerecruiter.com)
- 4. Compare the resident's physician order and the MAR and report any discrepancies to the nurse prior to administration of the medication. (collegerecruiter.com)
- 6. Document the administration of the medication appropriately on the MAR/EMAR. (collegerecruiter.com)
- Have completed and successfully passed course work in pharmacology, medication administration and fundamentals of nursing. (collegerecruiter.com)
- Revolution Plus is a safe and effective monthly topical medication that provides 6-in-1 protection for cats. (1800petmeds.com)
- Revolution Plus is a topical medication for cats that is applied topically once a month. (1800petmeds.com)
Ointment2
- Topical onion extract gel was ineffective in improving overall blepharoplasty scar appearance when compared with a petroleum-based ointment. (jcadonline.com)
- Patients also applied topical erythromycin eye ointment twice daily until suture removal at one-week post-surgery. (jcadonline.com)
Local anesthetic agents1
- Topical desensitizing therapy with local anesthetic agents can also be useful in some men with premature ejaculation. (medscape.com)
Transdermal2
- PatchMD Anti-Viral Plus Topical Patches also utilize transdermal nutrient absorption for improved convenience and to avoid gastrointestinal degredation. (drvitaminsolutions.com)
- Topical administration of VAN on the skin is ineffective because its high molecular weight prevents transdermal penetration. (chemistryviews.org)
Steroids7
- Generally, low-potency topical steroids should be used on children whenever possible to minimize risks. (verywellhealth.com)
- Topical steroids are grouped by potency into classes, from Class 1 (most potent) to Class 7 (least potent). (verywellhealth.com)
- While topical steroids are invaluable treatments for a vast array of dermatological conditions, their use in children poses specific risks and concerns. (verywellhealth.com)
- Topical steroids suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (verywellhealth.com)
- Of the topical steroids officially approved by the FDA for use in children, only one is available over the counter. (verywellhealth.com)
- Factors that predispose a patient using a topical corticosteroid to HPA axis suppression include the use of more potent steroids, use over large surface areas, use over prolonged periods, use under occlusion, use on an altered skin barrier, and use in patients with liver failure. (drugs.com)
- Although effective and fast acting, topical steroids have potential side effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dose9
- The recommended starting dose of AXIRON (testosterone) topical solution is 60 mg of testosterone (2 pump or 2 twist actuations) applied once daily. (rxlist.com)
- However, with administered with morphine, topical ketamine prevented the development of morphine tolerance in a dose-dependent manner. (erowid.org)
- Subsequent single-dose administration of KPP12 eye-drops significantly improved disease outcome, and preserved the structural integrity and transparency of the infected cornea. (elsevier.com)
- METHODS: The trial consisted in 10 days daily administration of murine NGF as eye-drops for a total dose of 1 mg NGF/pt. (unicatt.it)
- All were single-dose ingestions of the topical gel ranging from ½ teaspoon (50 mg diphenhydramine) to 4 tablespoons (1,200 mg diphenhydramine). (fda.gov)
- The rats that received the highest dose of topical CBD showed significantly lower levels of inflammation and lower pain-related behaviors. (zmescience.com)
- Ivermectin in blood plasma was 3x greater after subcutaneous administration at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight than after topical (pour-on) administration at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight. (guinealynx.info)
- Ivermectin was detected in the blood plasma of guinea pigs after a subcutaneous administration of a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight. (guinealynx.info)
- 2] Fredrick R. Klenner, MD: Observations on the dose and administration of ascorbic acid when employed beyond the range of a vitamin in human pathology. (orthomolecular.org)
TINCTURES5
- Write a review about a product or service associated with this DR. KAREN'S TINCTURES & TOPICALS trademark. (trademarkia.com)
- Or, contact the owner Garden Remedies, Inc. of the DR. KAREN'S TINCTURES & TOPICALS trademark by filing a request to communicate with the Legal Correspondent for licensing, use, and/or questions related to the DR. KAREN'S TINCTURES & TOPICALS trademark. (trademarkia.com)
- On Thursday, March 7, 2019, a U.S. federal trademark registration was filed for DR. KAREN'S TINCTURES & TOPICALS. (trademarkia.com)
- The USPTO has given the DR. KAREN'S TINCTURES & TOPICALS trademark serial number of 88329336. (trademarkia.com)
- Trademarkia-Network law firms can help you incorporate a business around your DR. KAREN'S TINCTURES & TOPICALS trademark in less than 5 minutes. (trademarkia.com)
Intraocular pressure1
- The intraocular pressure evaluation requires topical anesthetic and must be recorded before excessive manipulation or before the patient becomes restless and excited. (vin.com)
Analgesics10
- Topical pain medicines (analgesics) are used for the temporary relief of muscle or joint pain. (nps.org.au)
- What are topical analgesics? (nps.org.au)
- Topical analgesics are medicines that contain ingredients to reduce inflammation or pain. (nps.org.au)
- You can buy most topical analgesics from a pharmacy without prescription. (nps.org.au)
- In Australia, topical analgesics are used for temporary relief of pain and inflammation due to injury affecting muscles, bones or joints (the musculoskeletal system). (nps.org.au)
- Do topical analgesics work? (nps.org.au)
- There is still some uncertainty about which conditions topical analgesics work best for and which topical analgesics are most effective. (nps.org.au)
- Different people will respond differently to different medicines - including topical analgesics. (nps.org.au)
- What are the main topical analgesics used in Australia? (nps.org.au)
- The main topical analgesics recommended for musculoskeletal pain in Australia contain the active ingredients ibuprofen, diclofenac or piroxicam. (nps.org.au)
Antibiotics5
- Topical antibiotics may have an effect on extraocular bacterial resistance. (bmj.com)
- Topical antibiotics are ideal for external ocular infections, such as conjunctivitis and keratitis, because they are easy to administer, achieve a high concentration at the site of infection, and have fewer potential systemic side effects. (bmj.com)
- 4 Topical antibiotics can clearly cause bacterial resistance in the conjunctiva, cornea, and lids. (bmj.com)
- 7 However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of the emergence of drug resistance in bacteria at extraocular sites associated with topical ophthalmic antibiotics. (bmj.com)
- Bodily fitness conditions topical antibiotics (same much bigger guys. (brickfish.com)
NSAIDs1
- Topical NSAIDs represent an attractive alternative to oral forms of the drug, providing pain relief while avoiding the various risks and adverse effects of oral NSAIDS that can be a particular concern in elderly patients, including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal adverse events. (medscape.com)
Acne2
- After shaking the can well, a small amount of topical foam (e.g. a cherry-sized amount) should be expressed from the can onto the fingertips of the hand and then rubbed into acne-affected parts of the face. (drugs.com)
- If acne is present on other parts of the patient's body (neck, shoulders, arms, back or chest), additional amounts of topical foam should also be applied to these areas. (drugs.com)
Nonsteroidal1
- The broad categories for topical treatments are steroidal and nonsteroidal. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Plus Topical Patch4
- MultiVitamin Plus Topical Patch witho. (netrition.com)
- PatchAid MultiVitamin Plus Topical Patch without Iron has a unique formula with 26 essential vitamins and minerals. (netrition.com)
- MultiVitamin Plus Topical Patch by PatchAid is also available with Iron here . (netrition.com)
- The MultiVitamin Plus Topical Patch without Iron by PatchAid is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. (netrition.com)
Drug15
- Resistance - Studies have not been conducted to evaluate drug resistance development in T. rubrum species exposed to 8% ciclopirox topical solution. (nih.gov)
- After oral administration of 10 mg of radiolabeled drug (14C-ciclopirox) to healthy volunteers, approximately 96% of the radioactivity was excreted renally within 12 hours of administration. (nih.gov)
- When the topical drug is applied to the skin, it must pass via the stratum corneum, which is the outermost skin layer. (wikipedia.org)
- Another part of the skin is called the appendages, and it is known as the "shortcut" for topical drug delivery. (wikipedia.org)
- The drug molecule (J), known as flux and it represents the entry of topical drug molecules across the skin membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- The skin membrane is the area (A) for the topical drug molecules to travel across. (wikipedia.org)
- The expression illustrates the transportation of topical drug molecules across the stratum corneum membrane through diffusion. (wikipedia.org)
- Drug delivery to local subcutaneous structures following topical administration. (cdc.gov)
- This article brings together a collection of results and observations which demonstrate the achievement of significant drug delivery to local subcutaneous structures following topical administration. (cdc.gov)
- These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. (goldenneedleonline.com)
- Studies with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) have been carried out in an effort to clarify the physiological and psychic responses attendant on administration of this drug in schizophrenic patients. (erowid.org)
- Urinary constituents, the non-protein nitrogen level, the electroencephalogram, cephalin-cholesterol flocculation, weight and temperature were not affected by the administration of this drug in doses up to 6 micrograms per kilogram. (erowid.org)
- According to the company's press statement, the approved ANDA is therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug product (RLD) Epiduo Forte Topical Gel, 0.3%/2.5%, of Galderma Laboratories, L.P. (Galderma). (financialexpress.com)
- Plasma cortisol concentrations were measured at the beginning of the study and following topical drug administration. (avma.org)
- In research studies in mice, the co-administration of Gemcitabine, an approved chemotherapy drug for non-small cell lung cancer, with iRGD peptide resulted in enhanced tumor-penetrating ability and therapeutic efficacy of Gemcitabine. (bachem.com)
Diclofenac3
- The patients were treated with 4 g topical diclofenac (Voltaren Gel) or a vehicle 4 times daily. (medscape.com)
- The improvement in older patients treated with topical diclofenac was similarly improved compared with the vehicle group in terms of WOMAC pain score ( P = .85), physical function ( P = .70), global rating of disease ( P = .86), and pain on movement ( P = .81). (medscape.com)
- Asked by Medscape Medical News to comment on these findings, Gary M. Reisfield, MD, said the findings add to evidence supporting the benefits of topical diclofenac sodium. (medscape.com)
Gels1
- Many pharmacies and grocery stores sell other diphenhydramine topical gels that look very similar in packaging to Benadryl Extra Strength Itch Stopping Gel . (fda.gov)
Generic Name1
- The generic name of Clotrimazole is clotrimazole topical. (ndclist.com)
Therapies3
- In one study, administration of whey protein isolate resulted in clinical improvement in patients with psoriasis, regardless of whether the whey protein was given alone or in addition to topical or light therapies. (lifeextension.com)
- Dupixent, an interleukin-4 receptor alpha antagonist, is currently approved for moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in patients ≥12 years old who are not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when they are not advisable. (empr.com)
- Regeneron and Sanofi) to include patients aged 6 to 11 years with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies or when those therapies are not advisable. (empr.com)
Gastrointestinal1
- Due to its extensive gastrointestinal metabolism, rotigotine is not suitable for oral administration. (dovepress.com)
Redness1
- Patients with androgenetic alopecia treated with alcohol-based minoxidil topical solutions often report local irritation, dryness, and redness of the scalp. (springer.com)
Skin14
- It is intended for topical use on fingernails and toenails and immediately adjacent skin. (nih.gov)
- Later on in 2000 BCE, the Chinese used topical remedies that wrap in bandages to treat skin diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- The contact between these topical remedies and skin deliver its therapeutic effect on the skin. (wikipedia.org)
- More recently in the 1920s, some observations were made when applying topical skin, such as to determine its systemic effects. (wikipedia.org)
- Although there are over-the-counter liquid Benadryl products intended to be swallowed, Benadryl Extra Strength Itch Stopping Gel is a topical product that is used on the skin. (fda.gov)
- Benadryl Extra Strength Itch Stopping Gel and similar topical products used on the skin should NOT be swallowed . (fda.gov)
- Applying a topical honey product to the skin might improve symptoms of rosacea. (medlineplus.gov)
- Actinic keratoses can also be treated by retinoids ( vitamin A derivatives), topical chemotherapy (5-fluoruracil), chemical peel, dermabrasion and laser skin resurfacing. (digitalnaturopath.com)
- Our topical products work synergistically with Skin-eze capsules or tablets. (allergicpet.com)
- Oral or topical administration on the skin. (e-lactancia.org)
- NatureCity®'s topical gel is fragrance-free, alcohol-free and dye-free, taking away worries about skin irritation. (naturecity.com)
- Unlike topical skincare products, Herbalife SKIN LycoGlow's tomato and rosemary extracts provide skin nourishment for both the face and body," said Laura Chacon-Garbato, Herbalife Nutrition director, Worldwide Nutrition Education and Training, and licensed esthetician. (herbalife.com)
- Applied directly to the skin, these topical CBD products generally provide immediate pain relief to the treated areas. (bestcbdfinder.com)
- Many CBD lotions and topicals also include other nourishing, natural ingredients to benefit the skin. (bestcbdfinder.com)
Products9
- Virilization has been reported in children who were secondarily exposed to topical testosterone products [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
- Similar liquid consistency between the topical gel and oral liquid products. (fda.gov)
- There are many topical analgesic products, containing many different active ingredients, available for use as topical pain medicines. (nps.org.au)
- Independent retail stores that also carry ingestible products see topicals account for only 15% of sales. (nasdaq.com)
- Because topical CBD interacts with the body differently from products taken orally, effects could vary wildly. (zmescience.com)
- For instance, although many people anecdotally claim that topical CBD products help them manage their pain after a workout or injury, they might be experiencing reduced anxiety, which is known to interfere with how we manage pain. (zmescience.com)
- CBD topical products could also act like placebos. (zmescience.com)
- Most other topical Aloe gel products you see for sale contain only a miniscule amount of Aloe vera. (naturecity.com)
- And, like NatureCity®'s other TrueAloe™ products, this remarkable topical gel is made with "freeze-dried" Aloe vera - and it's 100% organically grown. (naturecity.com)
Patients6
- Healthcare providers should advise patients to strictly adhere to recommended instructions for use [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION , WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and PATIENT INFORMATION ]. (rxlist.com)
- In two vehicle-controlled trials, patients applied ciclopirox topical solution, 8%, to all toenails and affected fingernails. (nih.gov)
- CONCLUSIONS: Short-term administration of NGF eye-drops caused neither significant adverse effects nor visual function losses in the tested RP patients. (unicatt.it)
- This study supports the safety and possible efficacy of NGF eye-drops administration in RP patients. (unicatt.it)
- Un échantillon choisi à dessein de 50 patients souffrant de glaucome, âgés de 12 à 18 ans, consultant un centre de soins externes en ophtalmologie au Caire (Égypte) a bénéficié d'un programme éducatif sur cette maladie, visant à corriger leurs idées fausses et leurs attentes, et comportant des démonstrations et des formations de perfectionnement sur les soins oculaires. (who.int)
- Over 7-million patients worldwide have been treated with these agents [ 4 ], among the best studied topical agents in history, and no increased risk of cancer is demonstrated compared with baseline rates in the population. (cdlib.org)
Antibiotic2
- To compare the prevalence of antibiotic resistance found in nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae between villages treated with topical tetracycline or systemic azithromycin as part of a trachoma control programme. (bmj.com)
- In this study, we distributed three annual mass antibiotic administrations to two villages in a trachoma endemic area of Western Nepal. (bmj.com)
Product6
- Subjects were supplied with the test product, a topical gel containing a liposomal dispersion of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex (0.1%) with directions to apply a small amount to the facial area twice daily. (nih.gov)
- Do not use menthol topical if you are hypersensitive to any of the components in the menthol product. (medicinenet.com)
- n = 33] compared with 5% minoxidil alcohol-based topical solutions [reference product 1 (RP1) Regaine 5% n = 33 and reference product 2 (RP2) Mintop Forte 5% n = 34] in Indian men (aged ≥ 18 years) with androgenetic alopecia. (springer.com)
- This product is not a substitute for topical sunscreen. (herbalife.com)
- Consequences of dietary, topical or other use of any product is the sole responsibility of the customer. (purestcolloids.com)
- The value of those rights will be based on sales targets for Marqibo and the approval of Talon's menadione topical lotion product. (manufacturing.net)
Treatments6
- What are the main differences between systemic and topical treatments for psoriasis? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Systemic treatments may be more effective than topical treatments. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- What are some examples of topical treatments? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Healthcare providers may suggest several strategies for managing this condition, including avoiding triggers and using topical treatments, such as Duobrii. (key-golf.com)
- In The 1980s, Topical Biomedics Founders First Recognized A Significant Void In The Available Options For Effective And Safe Treatments For Pain. (vitadigest.com)
- Additionally, topical treatments calm the neurons in the brain responsible for releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). (boutiquetoyou.com)
Clindamycin1
- Clindamycin is quickly absorbed after oral administration, and absorption is not affected by food. (dermnetnz.org)
Solution8
- AXIRON (testosterone) topical solution is a clear, colorless, single phase solution containing 30 mg of testosterone in 1.5 mL of AXIRON solution for topical administration through the axilla . (rxlist.com)
- Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% contains a synthetic antifungal agent, ciclopirox. (nih.gov)
- Each gram of Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% contains 80 mg ciclopirox in a solution base consisting of butyl ester of poly [vinylmethylether/maleic acid copolymer] in isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and isopropyl alcohol. (nih.gov)
- Ciclopirox Topical Solution, 8% is a clear, colorless to slightly yellowish solution. (nih.gov)
- Therefore, the concomitant use of 8% ciclopirox topical solution and systemic antifungal agents for onychomycosis is not recommended. (nih.gov)
- Continuous use of Minoxidil topical solution is needed to maintain hair regrowth. (ispub.com)
- The product's dosage form is solution and is administered via topical form. (ndclist.com)
- Revolution Plus is easy to apply and is a quick-drying solution for a mess-free administration. (1800petmeds.com)
Dilute2
- Dilute to 2% with topical use, which equals about 10 drops of essential oil per ounce of carrier oil. (aromaland.com)
- Dilute properly with topical use. (aromaland.com)
Cortisol1
- 5 It is also well known that ocular drops can be associated with systemic side effects, such as suppression of endogenous cortisol production with topical steroid use 6 and untoward respiratory and cardiovascular events with the use of topical beta blockers. (bmj.com)
Soothe1
- Best CBD Finder offers a variety of CBD topicals and lotions to help soothe away aches and pains and provide many of the other benefits of CBD. (bestcbdfinder.com)
Exposure2
- Systemic exposure to CsA was negligible in healthy volunteers after twice-daily ocular administration. (dovepress.com)
- According to the manufacturer's documentation to FDA, the systemic exposure following topical administration of tafluprost is low and the pharmacokinetics has not been studied in men and women separately prior to registration [10]. (janusinfo.se)
Potent1
- In such cases, even small doses of a potent topical steroid may produce side effects. (verywellhealth.com)