Administration intravaginal. Medical search

The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The dosage forms may include medicated pessaries, irrigation fluids, and suppositories.

The genital canal in the female, extending from the UTERUS to the VULVA. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The washing of the VAGINA cavity or surface with a solution. Agents or drugs can be added to the irrigation solution.

Medicated dosage forms for topical application in the vagina. A cream is a semisolid emulsion containing suspended or dissolved medication; a foam is a dispersion of a gas in a medicated liquid resulting in a light, frothy mass; a jelly is a colloidal semisolid mass of a water soluble medicated material, usually translucent.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Contraceptive devices used by females.

Chemical substances that are destructive to spermatozoa used as topically administered vaginal contraceptives.

Occurrence or induction of ESTRUS in all of the females in a group at the same time, applies only to non-primate mammals with ESTROUS CYCLE.

Pathological processes of the VAGINA.

A synthetic fluorinated steroid that is used as a progestational hormone.

Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.

Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.

Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.

Polymicrobial, nonspecific vaginitis associated with positive cultures of Gardnerella vaginalis and other anaerobic organisms and a decrease in lactobacilli. It remains unclear whether the initial pathogenic event is caused by the growth of anaerobes or a primary decrease in lactobacilli.

Infection of the genitals (GENITALIA) with HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS in either the males or the females.

The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.

A slightly alkaline secretion of the endocervical glands. The consistency and amount are dependent on the physiological hormone changes in the menstrual cycle. It contains the glycoprotein mucin, amino acids, sugar, enzymes, and electrolytes, with a water content up to 90%. The mucus is a useful protection against the ascent of bacteria and sperm into the uterus. (From Dictionary of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1988)

A species of SIMPLEXVIRUS associated with genital infections (HERPES GENITALIS). It is transmitted by sexual intercourse and close personal contact.

The female reproductive organs. The external organs include the VULVA; BARTHOLIN'S GLANDS; and CLITORIS. The internal organs include the VAGINA; UTERUS; OVARY; and FALLOPIAN TUBES.

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.

Devices worn in the vagina to provide support to displaced uterus or rectum. Pessaries are used in conditions such as UTERINE PROLAPSE; CYSTOCELE; or RECTOCELE.

A state of sexual inactivity in female animals exhibiting no ESTROUS CYCLE. Causes of anestrus include pregnancy, presence of offspring, season, stress, and pathology.

The emission of SEMEN and seminal fluid during the act of preparation for sexual intercourse, i.e. before there is penetration, or shortly after penetration.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.

A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.

Infections of the genital tract in females or males. They can be caused by endogenous, iatrogenic, or sexually transmitted organisms.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)

Species of CHLAMYDIA causing pneumonitis in mice and hamsters. These isolates formerly belonged to CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.

Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

A species of the genus MACACA which inhabits Malaya, Sumatra, and Borneo. It is one of the most arboreal species of Macaca. The tail is short and untwisted.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

A species of the genus MACACA inhabiting India, China, and other parts of Asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans.

Species of the genus LENTIVIRUS, subgenus primate immunodeficiency viruses (IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUSES, PRIMATE), that induces acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in monkeys and apes (SAIDS). The genetic organization of SIV is virtually identical to HIV.

Intrauterine devices that release contraceptive agents.

Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.

5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.

The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and delivered to the target tissue.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

Acquired defect of cellular immunity that occurs naturally in macaques infected with SRV serotypes, experimentally in monkeys inoculated with SRV or MASON-PFIZER MONKEY VIRUS; (MPMV), or in monkeys infected with SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

Personal care items for women.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A 6-methyl PROGESTERONE acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on ESTRUS.

Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.

The neck portion of the UTERUS between the lower isthmus and the VAGINA forming the cervical canal.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Cyst due to the occlusion of the duct of a follicle or small gland.

Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in females. Use for female contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.

A purine base and a fundamental unit of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDES.

The ratio of the number of conceptions (CONCEPTION) including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; and fetal losses, to the mean number of females of reproductive age in a population during a set time period.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with viruses from the genus SIMPLEXVIRUS. This includes vaccines for HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).

A common gynecologic disorder characterized by an abnormal, nonbloody discharge from the genital tract.

Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.

A species of gram-positive bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae, found in INTESTINES and SOIL.

Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.

Drugs that stimulate contraction of the myometrium. They are used to induce LABOR, OBSTETRIC at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage, and to assess fetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (ABORTIFACIENTS). Oxytocics used clinically include the neurohypophyseal hormone OXYTOCIN and certain prostaglandins and ergot alkaloids. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p1157)

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.

Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)

Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.

A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).

Unsaturated pregnane derivatives containing two keto groups on side chains or ring structures.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing water or solution for therapy or diagnosis.

Degradation of CORPUS LUTEUM. In the absence of pregnancy and diminishing trophic hormones, the corpus luteum undergoes luteolysis which is characterized by the involution and cessation of its endocrine function.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.

The period in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE that follows OVULATION, characterized by the development of CORPUS LUTEUM, increase in PROGESTERONE production by the OVARY and secretion by the glandular epithelium of the ENDOMETRIUM. The luteal phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of MENSTRUATION.

Steroidal compounds related to PROGESTERONE, the major mammalian progestational hormone. Progesterone congeners include important progesterone precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with progestational activities.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family HERPESVIRIDAE.

Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.

The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362)

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

A genus of gram-positive, microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacteria occurring widely in nature. Its species are also part of the many normal flora of the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of many mammals, including humans. Pathogenicity from this genus is rare.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.

The phosphate esters of DIDEOXYNUCLEOSIDES.

The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

Occurrence or induction of release of more ova than are normally released at the same time in a given species. The term applies to both animals and humans.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

A synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms.

Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts and supports basic biomedical research that is not targeted to specific diseases and funds studies on genes, proteins, and cells, as well as on fundamental processes like communication within and between cells and metabolism. It was established in 1962.

Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

Ducts that serve exclusively for the passage of eggs from the ovaries to the exterior of the body. In non-mammals, they are termed oviducts. In mammals, they are highly specialized and known as FALLOPIAN TUBES.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus luteum formation, LUTEINIZATION, is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.

Delivery of substances through VENIPUNCTURE into the VEINS.

Live vaccines prepared from microorganisms which have undergone physical adaptation (e.g., by radiation or temperature conditioning) or serial passage in laboratory animal hosts or infected tissue/cell cultures, in order to produce avirulent mutant strains capable of inducing protective immunity.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent SAIDS; (SIMIAN ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME); and containing inactivated SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS or type D retroviruses or some of their component antigens.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

Injections into the cerebral ventricles.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

The emission of SEMEN to the exterior, resulting from the contraction of muscles surrounding the male internal urogenital ducts.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Type species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases.

The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Compounds that interact with PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of PROGESTERONE. Primary actions of progestins, including natural and synthetic steroids, are on the UTERUS and the MAMMARY GLAND in preparation for and in maintenance of PREGNANCY.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.

The presence of viruses in the blood.

Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.

The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

Excision of the uterus.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

Inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE), an enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Sexual activities of humans.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria primarily found in purulent venereal discharges. It is the causative agent of GONORRHEA.

The musculofibrous partition that separates the THORACIC CAVITY from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding INHALATION.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The practice of indulging in sexual relations for money.

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Women's interest in vaginal microbicides. (1/486)

CONTEXT: Each year, an estimated 15 million new cases of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, occur in the United States. Women are not only at a disadvantage because of their biological and social susceptibility, but also because of the methods that are available for prevention. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 1,000 women aged 18-44 in the continental United States who had had sex with a man in the last 12 months were interviewed by telephone. Analyses identified levels and predictors of women's worry about STDs and interest in vaginal microbicides, as well as their preferences regarding method characteristics. Numbers of potential U.S. microbicide users were estimated. RESULTS: An estimated 21.3 million U.S. women have some potential current interest in using a microbicidal product. Depending upon product specifications and cost, as many as 6.0 million women who are worried about getting an STD would be very interested in current use of a microbicide. These women are most likely to be unmarried and not cohabiting, of low income and less education, and black or Hispanic. They also are more likely to have visited a doctor for STD symptoms or to have reduced their sexual activity because of STDs, to have a partner who had had other partners in the past year, to have no steady partner or to have ever used condoms for STD prevention. CONCLUSIONS: A significant minority of women in the United States are worried about STDs and think they would use vaginal microbicides. The development, testing and marketing of such products should be expedited. (+info)

Mucosal vaccination strategies for women. (2/486)

Women were immunized orally, rectally, or vaginally with a recombinant cholera toxin B-containing vaccine to determine which of these mucosal immunization routes generate the greatest levels of antibody in the female genital tract and rectum. ELISA was used to measure concentrations of cholera toxin B-specific IgA and IgG antibody in serum and secretions before and after three immunizations. Each immunization route similarly increased specific IgG in serum and specific IgA in saliva. Only the vaginal route increased IgA antibodies in genital tract secretions and could be shown to induce a local IgG response. However, vaginal immunization failed to produce antibody in the rectum. In a similar fashion, rectal immunization elicited highest concentrations of locally derived IgA and IgG antibody in the rectum but was ineffective for generating antibody in the genital tract. The data suggest that local immunization may induce the greatest immune responses in the female genital tract and rectum of humans. (+info)

Pharmacokinetics of natural progesterone administered in the form of a vaginal tablet. (3/486)

Our study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics of natural progesterone administered in the novel formula of an effervescent vaginal tablet. Fifty post-menopausal women, with a median age of 43.5 years (range 28-55), volunteered to participate in the research. All women discontinued their hormonal replacement therapy 1 month prior to the study. The pharmacokinetics of 50 and 100 mg of progesterone administered as a vaginal tablet were evaluated. After the initial administration of 50 mg or 100 mg, a mean serum Cmax of 20.43 +/- 8.01 nmol/l and 31.61 +/- 12.62 nmol/l (P < 0.0004) was reached at a Tmax of 6.1 +/- 2.63 and 6.4 +/- 3.35 h respectively. The terminal half-life was 13.18 +/- 1.3 and 13.7 +/- 1.05 h respectively. Continuous use of the 100-mg tablet resulted in a mean serum progesterone concentration of 26.08 +/- 13.96 nmol/l and 21.42 +/- 16.32 nmol/l after 14 and 30 days respectively. Women >40 years were found to have a significantly lower Tmax compared to younger women (P = 0.02). The continuous use of vaginal progesterone did not influence the hormonal, liver or lipid profiles evaluated. Only three (6%) women suffered from mild vaginal irritation. Natural progesterone given as a vaginal tablet is well tolerated, safe and an easily administered treatment. Even in a non-oestrogenized vagina the absorption was efficient and the 100 mg dosage resulted in adequate serum progesterone concentrations. (+info)

Estradiol with or without progesterone and ambulatory blood pressure in postmenopausal women. (4/486)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether transdermal estradiol and intravaginal progesterone given in doses to mimic the premenopausal state would lower blood pressure (BP) in postmenopausal women. Fifteen healthy postmenopausal women were studied in each of 3 conditions: on placebo, after 8 weeks of transdermal estradiol 0.2 mg twice per week, and again 2 weeks after addition of intravaginal progesterone 300 mg/d. Women were studied at each point after 2 days of 100 mmol/d sodium intake. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was performed, and blood was assayed for estradiol, progesterone, and hormones of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). ANOVA with pairwise comparisons was used for analysis. Urinary sodium excretion was similar at each time point. Levels of estrogen and progesterone similar to those in premenopausal women were achieved. On estradiol, nocturnal systolic BP (110+/-3 mm Hg), diastolic BP (63+/-2 mm Hg), and mean BP (77+/-2 mm Hg) fell significantly (P<0.02) compared with placebo systolic BP (116+/-2 mm Hg), diastolic BP (68+/-2 mm Hg), and mean BP (82+/-2 mm Hg). Daytime BP followed the same trend but was significantly lower only for mean BP. There was no activation of the RAAS. The addition of progesterone resulted in no further fall in BP but a significant activation of the RAAS. Thus, contrary to what is often assumed, administration of estradiol with or without progesterone not only did not raise BP but rather substantially lowered BP. This BP-lowering effect may be responsible for the lower incidence of hypertension in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women. (+info)

Does an acidic medium enhance the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming? (5/486)

Absorption pharmacokinetics reveal a relationship between plasma concentrations of misoprostol and its therapeutic effect. To achieve a constant plasma profile and optimal efficacy, it is important to develop a medium that ensures complete dissolution of vaginal misoprostol tablets. Vaginal misoprostol is said to liquefy better in an acidic medium; thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether a 200 microg misoprostol tablet dissolved in acetic acid would be more efficacious than 200 microg misoprostol dissolved in water for pre-abortion cervical priming. A total of 120 healthy nulliparous women requesting legal termination of pregnancy between 6-12 weeks gestation were allocated randomly to either of the study groups. Vacuum aspiration was performed 3-4 h after insertion of the misoprostol tablet. Using Hegar's dilator, the degree of cervical dilatation before operation was measured. Of 60 women, 14 (23%) achieved a cervical dilatation of >/=8 mm when the misoprostol dose was dissolved in acetic acid; 12 (20%) achieved a similar cervical dilatation when the dose was dissolved in water. The mean cervical dilatation for the acid and water media used was 6.3 mm and 6.2 mm respectively; these differences were not statistically significant, neither were pre-operative and intra-operative blood losses statistically different between the two groups. Twenty-four (40%) and four (7%) respectively of women in whom a water medium was used experienced vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain; 20 (33%) and 0 women respectively among those in whom an acetic acid medium was used experienced vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. These differences in side effects were not statistically significant. Our study shows that the use of acetic acid to dissolve vaginal misoprostol does not improve the efficacy in achieving successful cervical dilatation for pre-abortion cervical priming. (+info)

Persistent dominant follicle alters pattern of oviductal secretory proteins from cows at estrus. (6/486)

The experimental objective was to compare synthesis of oviductal secretory proteins of dairy cows bearing a persistent dominant follicle (PDF) versus a fresh dominant follicle (FDF) at estrus. On Day 7 after synchronized estrus (Day 0), cows received an intravaginal progesterone device and injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). On Day 9, cows received an injection of a GnRH agonist (FDF group; n = 3) or received no injection (PDF group, n = 3). On Day 16, all cows received PGF2alpha, and progesterone devices were removed. At slaughter on Day 18 or Day 19, oviducts ipsilateral and contralateral to the dominant follicle were divided into infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus regions. Explants from oviductal regions were cultured in minimal essential medium supplemented with [3H]leucine for 24 h. Two-dimensional fluorographs of proteins in conditioned media were analyzed by densitometry. Rate of incorporation of [3H]leucine into macromolecules was greater in the infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus of FDF cows (p < 0.01). Overall, intensities of radiolabeled secretory protein (P) 2 and P13 were greater for FDF than for PDF. In the ampulla, P14 was more intense for FDF while P7 was more intense for PDF. Abundance of P1 in the isthmus was greater for PDF cows. Across regions, P5, P6, P8, P9, and P11 were more intense for PDF than for FDF in the ipsilateral side. In the contralateral side, P19 was more intense for PDF than for FDF, whereas P6, P8, P9, and P11 were more intense for FDF. Differences in biosynthetic activity and in secreted oviductal proteins from cows bearing a PDF may contribute to the decrease in fertility associated with a PDF. (+info)

Ovulation and estrus characteristics in crossbred Brahman heifers treated with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert in combination with prostaglandin F2alpha and estradiol benzoate. (7/486)

Crossbred Brahman heifers (n = 60) were studied to determine the effect of a 7-d intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (INSERT) in combination with PG (Lutalyse; 25 mg i.m.) and estradiol benzoate (EB; .5 mg i.m.) on time of ovulation and estrous behavior. In Phase I, heifers at unknown stages of the estrous cycle were assigned by BW and body condition score to one of the three treatments on d 0: 1) INSERT for 7 d and PG on d 7 (CONTROL; n = 10); 2) INSERT for 7 d, PG on d 7, and EB 24 h after INSERT removal (EB24; n = 10); or 3) INSERT for 7 d, PG on d 7, and EB 48 h after INSERT removal (EB48; n = 10). Blood samples were collected every 8 h after INSERT removal. Also, blood sampling and ultrasonography began 8 h after the onset of estrus, determined with HeatWatch devices, and every 4 h thereafter to detect ovulation. In Phase II, Phase-I treatments (n = 10/treatments) were replicated, but only behavioral estrus data were collected to minimize handling of heifers. Frequent handling of heifers did not influence (P > .1) the interval from INSERT removal to the onset of HeatWatch and visual estrus and duration of estrus, so behavioral estrus data were combined for Phases I and II. Interval from INSERT removal to HeatWatch estrus was decreased (P < .05) in EB24 (45.5 h) vs EB48 (55.9 h) and CONTROL (59.2 h). Interval from INSERT removal to ovulation differed (P < .04) between CONTROL, EB24, and EB48 (93.5, 74.5, and 78.9 h, respectively). Ovulatory follicle size was similar (P > .1) between CONTROL, EB24, and EB48 (14.4, 12.5, and 14.1 mm, respectively). Duration of estrus was similar for CONTROL, EB24, and EB48 (14.0, 15.1, and 17.6 h, respectively). No difference (P > . 1) was observed in number of mounts received between CONTROL, EB24, and EB48 (28.0, 25.7, and 39.4, respectively), but number of mounts received increased in Phase II vs Phase I (40.0 and 22.2, respectively; P < .05). In conclusion, EB hastened the interval from INSERT removal to ovulation without altering duration of estrus or number of mounts received. Frequent handling of heifers did not affect interval to first mount received after INSERT removal or duration of estrus, but it decreased the total number of mounts received. (+info)

Luteal support with micronized progesterone following in-vitro fertilization using a down-regulation protocol with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist: a comparative study between vaginal and oral administration. (8/486)

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of micronized progesterone administered as luteal support following ovulation induction for in-vitro fertilization (IVF)- embryo transfer in cycles using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist, either orally (200 mgx4/day) or vaginally (100 mgx2/day) and to characterize the luteal phase hormonal profile during such treatments. A total of 64 high responder patients requiring intracytoplasmic sperm injection due to male factor infertility were prospectively randomized into two treatment groups. Patients treated orally or vaginally were comparable in age (31.9 +/- 6.1 versus 30.6 +/- 5.2; mean +/- SD), number of oocytes retrieved (17 +/- 8.2 versus 18 +/- 7.0), and number of embryos transferred (3.1 +/- 1.2 versus 2.7 +/- 0.9) per cycle. Following low dose vaginal treatment, a significantly higher implantation rate (30.7 versus 10.7%, P < 0.01), but similar clinical pregnancy rate (47.0 versus 33.3%) and ongoing pregnancy rate (41.1 versus 20.0%) was observed, compared with oral treatment. In conception cycles, luteal serum progesterone and oestrogen concentrations did not differ between the treatment groups. In non-conception cycles, late luteal progesterone concentrations were significantly lower following vaginal treatment. As low dose micronized progesterone administered vaginally is simple, easy and well tolerated, it could be recommended as the method of choice for luteal support, especially for high responder patients at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. (+info)

Bäckström T, von Schoultz B, Toivonen J (1979). "Plasma progesterone concentrations after administration via intravaginal rings ... The mean values of TT, FT, SHBG, DHEAS, A4, and 17-OHP did not change with OMP administration. However, a higher 17-OHP level ... In contrast, exogenous administration of progesterone to pregnant rodents and monkeys has resulted in minimal abnormality in ... In addition, a study found that administration of 1,000 mg/day oral progesterone for 3 months had no significant effect on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics_of_progesterone

Intravaginal administration is preferred to taking them by mouth. Prolonged repetitive courses of treatment appear to be more ... Intravaginal boric acid in conjunction with other medications may be helpful in the treatment of recurrent BV. TOL-463, a ... LACTIN-V is not yet Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved or commercially available. Topical antiseptics, for example ... VandeVusse L, Hanson L, Safdar N (2013). "Perinatal outcomes of prenatal probiotic and prebiotic administration: an integrative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_vaginosis

Rigg LA, Milanes B, Villanueva B, Yen SS (1977). "Efficacy of intravaginal and intranasal administration of micronized ... This route of administration is thus preferred in women with a history of thromboembolic disease. Estrogen is also used in the ... However, such risks have been found to vary depending on the type of estrogen and the route of administration. The risk of VTE ... It was only until 1941 when estrogen therapy was finally approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_(medication)

"Efficacy of intravaginal and intranasal administration of micronized estradiol-17beta". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology ... Sublingual administration of estradiol was first described in the early 1940s. Buccal estradiol tablets were marketed by ... Sahin FK, Koken G, Cosar E, Arioz DT, Degirmenci B, Albayrak R, Acar M (2008). "Effect of Aerodiol administration on ocular ... In addition to the route of administration, the type of estrogen influences VTE risk. Oral conjugated estrogens are associated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_(medication)

A weekly vaginal ring is an effective and safe method for intravaginal administration. Intramuscular administration. Daily ... Intravaginal administration of gel, tablets or other inserts, such as endometrin. ... The main ones are: Oral administration of progesterone or progestin pills. Oral administration of progestins provides at least ... Luteal support is the administration of medication, generally progesterone, progestins, hCG or GnRH agonists, to increase the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteal_support

Intravaginal, endocervical or extra-amniotic administration of prostaglandin, such as dinoprostone or misoprostol. ... administration of synthetic oxytocin preparations is used to artificially induce labor if it is deemed medically necessary. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_induction

... is a form of estrogen that is delivered by intravaginal administration. Vaginally administered estrogens are ... Pharmacokinetics of estradiol § Vaginal administration Estrogen (Vaginal Route) from Mayo Clinic / Thomson Healthcare Inc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_estrogen

... in women following oral and intravaginal administration". Steroids. 26 (3): 373-386. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(75)90082-3. ISSN ... Overdose is not described in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) product labels for injected MPA (Depo-Provera or Depo-SubQ ... On 17 November 2004, the United States Food and Drug Administration put a black box warning on the label, indicating that there ... Administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to certain sex offenders". Louisiana Revised Statutes. Retrieved 8 July ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate

They also allow administration of a natural form of hormone, as opposed to the potent analogues used in sponges. A dose of 550 ... Previously, intravaginal progestogen sponges were a common method of estrus manipulation in ewes. The development and success ... Unlike intravaginal progestogen sponges, CIDRs do not absorb or impede drainage of natural vaginal secretions, offering a ... CIDRs are similar to the progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID), also used for synchronization of estrous cycles in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_internal_drug_release

Luteal phase supplementation consists of daily intravaginal administration of 600 µg of natural micronized progesterone. ... Transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval is scheduled 36 hours after hCG administration. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimplantation_genetic_diagnosis

"Effects of vardenafil administration on intravaginal ejaculatory latency time in men with lifelong premature ejaculation". ... On 18 October 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that a warning about possible deafness (sudden ... "Tainted Products Marketed as Dietary Supplements". United States Food and Drug Administration. 3 August 2022. Tucker J, Fischer ... Food and Drug Administration. 2007-10-18. Retrieved 2009-08-06. Kloner RA (December 2005). "Pharmacology and drug interaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardenafil

Oral administration of Fenticonazole in rats has been reported to produce prolonged gestation and embryotoxic effects after ... Intravaginal preparations of fenticonazole may damage latex contraceptives and additional contraceptive measures are therefore ... necessary during local administration. Veraldi S, Milani R (2008). "Topical fenticonazole in dermatology and gynaecology: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenticonazole

Intravaginal administration is a route of administration where the medication is inserted into the vagina as a creme or tablet ... An applicator is inserted into the vagina to allow the administration of radiation as close to the site of the cancer as ... "The Benefits of Vaginal Drug Administration-Communicating Effectively With Patients: The Vagina: New Options for the ... with limited systemic adverse effects compared to other routes of administration. Medications used to ripen the cervix and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagina

Rectal administration and intravaginal administration are less-popular drug routes in the community with comparatively little ... Drug injection via intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, or subcutaneous administration carries relatively ... This method of administration is sometimes referred to as "chasing the dragon". Crystal methamphetamine and salts of ... "Crystal methamphetamine use, routes of administration and use of commercial ball pipes among people who inject drugs in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_and_culture_of_substituted_amphetamines

Intravaginal administration, in the vagina. Intravenous (into a vein), e.g. many drugs, total parenteral nutrition. ... Oral administration is often denoted "PO" from "per os", the Latin for "by mouth". The bioavailability of oral administration ... Strictly enteral administration (directly into the intestines) can be used for systemic administration, as well as local ( ... Extra-amniotic administration, between the endometrium and fetal membranes. Nasal administration (through the nose) can be used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration

A recent meta-analysis showed that the intravaginal route with an appropriate dose and dosing frequency is equivalent to daily ... A duration of progesterone administration of 11 days results in almost the same birth rates as longer durations. Patients are ... While daily intramuscular injections of progesterone-in-oil (PIO) have been the standard route of administration, PIO ... beneficial to administer an additional drug that suppresses hormone production by the ovaries such as continuous administration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo_transfer

DPV, an HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), is slowly released via local intravaginal administration ... However, women younger than 21 years old are less likely to adhere to the intravaginal HIV microbicide regimen. From 2016 to ... A number of alternative intravaginal rings made by IPM are under further testing or in preclinical developmental delay due to ... Woolfson, A. David; Malcolm, R. Karl; Morrow, Ryan J.; Toner, Clare F.; McCullagh, Stephen D. (2006-11-15). "Intravaginal ring ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapivirine_Ring

In 2017, the Trump administration issued a ruling letting insurers and employers refuse to provide birth control if doing so ... and intravaginal ring (NuvaRing). Progestin only methods include an injectable form (Depo-Provera), a subdermal implant ( ... Pear, Robert; Ruiz, Rebecca R.; Goodstein, Laurie (2017-10-06). "Trump Administration Rolls Back Birth Control Mandate". The ... it would need to go through a rigorous check by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and be approved on the basis of safety, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States

Transvaginal mesh has recently come under scrutiny due to controversy relating to the Food and Drug Administration. Initially, ... is called intravaginal slingplasty (IVS).[medical citation needed] The procedure of choice for stress urinary incontinence in ... is called intravaginal slingplasty (IVS).[medical citation needed] The transobturator tape (TOT or Monarc) sling procedure aims ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_incontinence

... are polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled release of drugs for intravaginal administration over ... Vaginal rings (also known as intravaginal rings, or V-Rings) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaginal_ring

However, the guidelines also noted that LACTIN-V is not yet Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved or commercially ... noted that intravaginal LACTIN-V produced a considerably lower recurrence of BV following initial antibiotic treatment with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LACTIN-V

Advantages of intravaginal progesterone over oral administration include high bioavailability, rapid absorption, avoidance of ... However, the duration was short, with levels of less than 5 ng/mL at 6 hours, and re-administration had to be done two or three ... With oral administration, progesterone accounts for less than 20% of the dose in circulation while 5α- and 5β-reduced products ... 5-year) administration. This is potentially consistent with a weak proliferative effect of oral progesterone on the breasts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics_of_progesterone

... administration, intravaginal MeSH E05.300.120.505 - administration, intravesical MeSH E05.300.120.610 - administration, rectal ... administration, buccal MeSH E05.300.100.878 - administration, sublingual MeSH E05.300.120.040 - administration, buccal MeSH ... E05.300.120.060 - administration, cutaneous MeSH E05.300.120.080 - administration, intranasal MeSH E05.300.120.500 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E05)

Estrogen - intravaginal administration helps to prevent pelvic muscle atrophy The surgery to repair the anterior vaginal wall ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystocele

Intravaginal administration Vaginal rings Capsules and tablets Suppositories Rectal administration (enteral) Suppositories ... The route of administration (ROA) for drug delivery is dependent on the dosage form of the substance in question. Various ... Depending on the method/route of administration, dosage forms come in several types. These include many kinds of liquid, solid ... Intraosseous administration (IO) Intraperitoneally-administered (IP) intravenously-administered (IV) Intracavernously- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosage_form

... prostaglandin E2 Intravaginal or oral administration of misoprostol Cervical insertion of a 30-mL Foley catheter Rupturing the ... February 2005). "Pre-induction cervical ripening: transcervical foley catheter versus intravaginal misoprostol". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstetrics

... is a route of administration where the substance is applied inside the vagina. Pharmacologically, ... Medicines primarily delivered by intravaginal administration include vaginally administered estrogens and progestogens (a group ... It is a potential means of artificial insemination (referred to as intravaginal insemination or IVI), sometimes used at home ... It is used as an administration method for contraception. Alexander, Nancy J.; Baker, Edward; Kaptein, Marc; Karck, Ulrich; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravaginal_administration

Avoid intravaginal preparations (particularly those that require the use of an applicator) in young girls who are not sexually ... Nystatin is the only polyene antifungal that is available for topical administration. The drug is derived from Streptomyces ... Benitez, Lydia L.; Carver, Peggy L. (2019-06-01). "Adverse Effects Associated with Long-Term Administration of Azole Antifungal ... Patients who are concurrently using latex contraceptives should be reminded that some intravaginal preparations of nystatin may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topical_antifungal_drugs

In 2011, Davis voted against a bill to require physicians to conduct intra-vaginal sonograms, prior to even pharmaceutically ... In 2013, she voted against a bill that increases abortion facility requirements, regulates the administration of abortion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Davis_(politician)

Steady-state concentrations of NOMAC are achieved after five days of repeated administration. As Zoely (2.5 mg/day NOMAC), the ... ". "Estradiol/Nomegestrol intravaginal ring - AdisInsight". "Estradiol/Nomegestrol continuous - AdisInsight". Lello, Stefano ( ... "[email protected]: FDA Approved Drug Products". United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 9 December 2016. Croxatto, H ( ... Kuhl H (2005). "Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration" (PDF). Climacteric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomegestrol_acetate

... virus with mutations in the glycoprotein K and the membrane protein UL20 confers full protection against lethal intravaginal ... efficacy of Vitaherpavac vaccine was demonstrated after allergometry-based tailored choice of vaccine administration regimen. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_research

A monthly intravaginal ring containing dapivirine has been developed as a way of preventing infection by human immunodeficiency ... Further regulatory submissions are planned to the US Food and Drug Administration, the South African Health Products Regulatory ... Two phase 3 clinical trials of intravaginal dapivirine rings for HIV prevention were completed in 2015 and results were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dapivirine

The administration of estradiol halts, or reverses atrophic changes that occur due to the loss of endogenous estradiol during ... December 2018). "Oral dydrogesterone versus intravaginal micronized progesterone gel for luteal phase support in IVF: a ... Oral administration of progestins dydrogesterone at least similar live birth rate than vaginal progesterone capsules when used ... With oral administration of dydrogesterone, circulating levels of 20α-DHD are substantially higher than those of dydrogesterone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dydrogesterone

From the writings of the jurists it emerges that other methods of birth control - mostly intravaginal tampons - were also used ... Hasna, F (2003). "Islam, social traditions and family planning". Social Policy & Administration. 37 (2): 181-197. doi:10.1111/ ... through imperial administrations. In contrast with the Biblical account of the Fall, in the Islamic tradition Eve (Ḥawwā) did ... responsible for endowing five madrassa and could even have the responsibility of being a supervisor of a madrasa administration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Islam

... and estrogen of more than 500 pg/mL on the day of hCG administration. However, GnRH agonist administration at the time of ... This procedure is therefore sometimes referred to as 'intravaginal insemination' (IVI). Sperm supplied by a sperm bank will be ... June 2009). "GnRH agonist administration at the time of implantation does not improve pregnancy outcome in intrauterine ... follicle count at hCG administration day, follicle rupture, and the number of uterine contractions observed after the second ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_insemination

recommends the periodic administration of booster doses every 2 years to maintain protective immunity for many years. The ... McGrory T, Garber GE (June 1992). "Mouse intravaginal infection with Trichomonas vaginalis and role of Lactobacillus ... Intramuscular administration of inactivated aberrant lactobacilli provokes a humoral immune response. The production of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_vaccine

FGA is used as an intravaginal sponge preparation to synchronize estrus in ewes and goats. FGA, also known as 17α-acetoxy-9α- ... Food and Drug Administration: Parts 500-599, Revised April 1, 2012. Government Printing Office. pp. 359-. ISBN 978-0-16-090718- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugestone_acetate

However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the US has banned import of any sperm, motivated by a risk of mad cow ... or intravaginal insemination at home). Less commonly, donor sperm may be used in in vitro fertilization (IVF). See also " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_donation

The cap remains in the vagina for a minimum of 6 - 8 hours after the last intravaginal ejaculation. It is recommended the cap ... Food and Drug Administration FDA (1988). "Notice, 11 July 1988". Annual Review of Population Law. 15: 19. PMID 12289360. ... This law required all manufacturers of medical devices to provide the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with ... "Birth Control Guide". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. December 2003. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cap

Intravaginal" by people in this website by year, and whether "Administration, Intravaginal" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Administration, Intravaginal" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Administration, Intravaginal" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Administration, Intravaginal". ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/114070

Food and Drug Administration. FDA Public Health Advisory: sepsis and medical abortion. Rockville, Maryland: Food and Drug ... On July 19, 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a public health advisory regarding the deaths of four women in ... Clostridium sordellii Toxic Shock Syndrome After Medical Abortion with Mifepristone and Intravaginal Misoprostol --- United ... and intravaginal misoprostol (1). Two of these deaths occurred in 2003, one in 2004, and one in 2005. Two of these U.S. cases ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5429a3.htm

Administration, Intravaginal. EN. dc.subject. Oxytocin. EN. dc.subject.mesh. Labor, Induced. EN. ... Intravaginal prostaglandin-E2 for cervical priming and induction of labour. dc.contributor.author. Al Taani, M.I.. ... Intravaginal prostaglandin-E2 for cervical priming and induction of labour. EN. dc.relation.ispartofjournal. EMHJ - Eastern ... efficacy and labour outcome in 436 women undergoing labour induction using intravaginal prostaglandin E2. Women with singleton ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/117322?show=full

Administration, Intravaginal * Aged * Breast Neoplasms / epidemiology* * Breast Neoplasms / mortality * Cohort Studies * ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28816933/

Administration. Intravaginal Administration. After placing the vaginal system for 21 days, in the vagina, it should be removed ... if the vaginal system is accidentally expelled once during the 21 days of intravaginal use and is replaced within 2 hours, ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/annovera-segesterone-ethinyl-estradiol-1000283

Comparison between the Intracervical Route (Solution form) and Intravaginal Route (Tablet Form) Misoprostol Administration for ... Comparison between the Intracervical Route (Solution form) and Intravaginal Route (Tablet Form) Misoprostol Administration for ... our knowledge this may be the first study to compare the efficacy of misoprostol in intracervical solution form vs intravaginal ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/192695

The intravaginal route of administration can be exploited to treat local diseases and for systemic delivery. In this work, we ... N2 - The intravaginal route of administration can be exploited to treat local diseases and for systemic delivery. In this work ... AB - The intravaginal route of administration can be exploited to treat local diseases and for systemic delivery. In this work ... abstract = "The intravaginal route of administration can be exploited to treat local diseases and for systemic delivery. In ...

https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/long-lasting-mucoadhesive-membrane-based-on-alginate-and-chitosan

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. For topical use only. Not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use. ... Important Administration Instructions. *Advise patients to apply ACZONE Gel, 7.5%, once daily to the entire face [see DOSAGE ... Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs ... Systemic absorption of dapsone following topical application is minimal relative to oral dapsone administration; however, it is ...

https://www.rxlist.com/aczone-gel-drug.htm

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Important Administration Instructions 2.2 Psoriasis 2.3 Acne 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 4 ... TAZORAC Cream is not for ophthalmic, oral, or intravaginal use. If contact with mucous membranes occurs, rinse thoroughly with ... DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION *Apply a thin layer of TAZORAC Cream only to the affected area once daily in the evening. (2.1, 2.2) ... A long-term study of tazarotene following oral administration of 0.025, 0.050, and 0.125 mg/kg/day to rats showed no ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=021744d1-a6d7-4ad6-99c2-7187c24e64c6

Different dosage forms - including films - for vaginal administration of antiretroviral drugs have been developed for this ... Eudragit® L100/chitosan composite thin bilayer films for intravaginal pH-responsive release of Tenofovir ... L100/chitosan composite thin bilayer films for intravaginal pH-responsive release of Tenofovir. International journal of ...

https://eprints.ucm.es/id/eprint/72523/

Sorilux Dosage and Administration. Sorilux Foam is for topical use only. Sorilux Foam is not for oral, ophthalmic, or ... intravaginal use.. Apply a thin layer of Sorilux Foam twice daily to the affected areas and rub in gently and completely. Avoid ... After topical administration of Sorilux Foam, concentrations of calcipotriene in plasma are low, and therefore, concentrations ... This Patient Information has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.. Revised: 11/2019 ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/sorilux.html

Elazab N, Mendy A, Gasana J, Vieira ER, Quizon A, Forno E. Probiotic administration in early life, atopy, and asthma: a meta- ... Bruce AW, Reid G. Intravaginal instillation of Lactobacilli for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections. Can J ... Effect of the oral administration of Lactobacillus brevis subsp. coagulans on interferon-alpha producing capacity in humans. J ... Elimination of vaginal colonization with Escherichia coli by administration of indigenous flora. Infect Immun 1989;57:2447-51. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/790.html

Intravaginal • Oral • Parenteral • Subcutaneous • Topical • Molecule Type Products have been categorized under various Molecule ... Route of Administration Amyloid precursor protein secretase inhibitors pipeline report provides the therapeutic assessment of ... It also covers the therapeutics assessment by product type, stage, route of administration, and molecule type. It further ... The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Orphan Drug Designation and Fast Track Designation to AL101 for the potential ...

https://www.reportlinker.com/p06222933/Amyloid-precursor-protein-secretase-inhibitors-Pipeline-Insight.html

Learn about the veterinary topic of Routes of Administration and Dosage Forms. Find specific details on this topic and related ... Intravaginal delivery systems include controlled internal drug-release (CIDR) devices, progesterone-releasing intravaginal ... Oral Route of Administration and Dosage Forms The oral route of administration is frequently used in both companion and food ... Topical Route of Administration and Dosage Forms The topical route of administration is used for local treatment of skin, ...

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/pharmacology-introduction/routes-of-administration-and-dosage-forms

Methamphetamine toxicity secondary to intravaginal body stuffing. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004. 42(7):987-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link ... Acute and residual interactive effects of repeated administrations of oral methamphetamine and alcohol in humans. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/820918-103277/what-are-cardiovascular-signs-and-symptoms-of-methamphetamine-toxicity

... both FeF and FeHMP protected mice from lethal intravaginal HSV-2 infection to approximately the same degree (44–56%). ... Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that after intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg), ... Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that after intraperitoneal administration (10 mg/kg), both FeF and FeHMP protected mice ... Table 2. Effect of fucoidans treatment on the protection of mice from intravaginal herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection. ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/4/224

Administration of immunoglobulins (Igs) and/or any blood products within the 3 months preceding the administration of any dose ... intravaginal or transdermal); ... SARS-CoV-2 or other CoV vaccine prior to the administration of ... This study aims to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity profile after 1 and 2 dose administrations of CVnCoV at different ... Any treatment with immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs within 6 months prior to the administration of the trial ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04449276?cond=COVID-19&phase=0&draw=3&rank=112

A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections. N Engl J Med. 1993 ... The intravaginal administration of estriol prevents recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women, probably by ... A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections. N Engl J Med. 1993 ... placebo-controlled trial of a topically applied intravaginal estriol cream. Midstream urine cultures were obtained at ...

https://anh-usa.org/estriol-and-urinary-tract-infections/

70, 71, 57] However, droperidol has been subject to a Black Box warning by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), based on ... Methamphetamine toxicity secondary to intravaginal body stuffing. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004. 42(7):987-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link ... Administration of sodium bicarbonate prevents precipitation of myoglobin in renal tubules by preventing acidic urine pH ... Acute and residual interactive effects of repeated administrations of oral methamphetamine and alcohol in humans. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/820918-treatment

Timing of Misoprostol administration:. Schaff EA, Fielding SL, Westhoff C, et al. Vaginal misoprostol administered 1, 2, or 3 ... 2005) Clostridium sordellii Toxic Shock Syndrome After Medical Abortion with Mifepristone and Intravaginal Misoprostol United ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2005) FDA Public Health Advisory: Sepsis and Medical Abortion. FDA Retrieved August 5, 2005 ... Kopp Kallner H., Fiala C., Stephansson O., Gemzell-Danielsson K. (2010); Home self-administration of vaginal misoprostol for ...

https://www.womenonwaves.org/hr/page/3372/reference-list

MHC expression and chemokine production in the murine vagina following intra-vaginal administration of ligands to toll-like ... Oral tolerance induction by mucosal administration of cholera toxin B-coupled antigen involves T-cell proliferation in vivo and ...

https://www.gu.se/om-universitetet/hitta-person/esbjorntelemo

Preparations for intravaginal administration of both miconazole and clotrimazole are now available over-the-counter (OTC { ... Current studies are evaluating weekly intravaginal administration of clotrimazole, as well as oral therapy with itraconazole ... mean peak serum concentrations of metronidazole following intravaginal administration are less than 2% those of standard 500 mg ... The ease of administration of oral agents is an advantage over topical therapies. However, the potential for toxicity ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/std/STDG3455.PCW.html

Intravaginal Administration of Fc-Fused IL7 Suppresses the Cervicovaginal Tumor by Recruiting HPV DNA Vaccine-Induced CD8 T ... Intravaginal Fc-fused IL-7 attract DNA vaccine-induced CD8 T cell in the genital tract, CYTOKINE, , 76, 80-80 (2015) ...

http://www.postech.ac.kr/eng/research/research-activities/faculty-directory/faculty-directory-view/?pid=00100455

We report here the case of aluminum phosphide poisoning in a pregnant lady through oral and intravaginal administration which ... We report here the case of aluminum phosphide poisoning in a pregnant lady through oral and intravaginal administration which ... Upon hemodynamic and respiratory improvement, we decided to induce labor with intravaginal misoprostol after consulting with ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/criem/2020/2785425/

This had the disadvantage of lack of control by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensuring efficacy of the preparations. ... Natural micronized progesterone for vaginal administration with the brand name of Utrogestan A® had been approved even ... a very effective route with fewer side effects can be achieved by an intravaginal route. The first vaginal preparations were ... a very effective route with fewer side effects can be achieved by an intravaginal route. The first vaginal preparations were ...

https://www.dovepress.com/luteal-phase-support-in-assisted-reproductive-technology-treatment-foc-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-TCRM

Innovative 3D Printed Intravaginal Ring AnelleO-PRO, the first Single Administration of Progesterone for Infertility. Vincent, ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/projects/?ordering=type&descending=false&showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&originalSearch=&improvedLayoutOrganisationUuid=&format=&page=55

... that provide controlled release of medications for intra vaginal administration for a longer period of time. It is inserted in ...

http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/print/1002984

Dosage and administration are adjusted to provide sufficient levels of the active agent(s) or to maintain the desired effect. ... intravaginal, oral, buccal, topical, sublingual, intranasal, topical, and intraocular. Control subjects are adminstered ... Administration may be therapeutic or it may be prophylactic. Prophylactic formulations may be present or applied to the site of ... shows the regimen/administration schedule for the C57B/6L murine subjects. A group of subjects were sub-conjunctivally injected ...

https://patents.justia.com/patent/20150320782

https://www.msdvetmanual.com/pharmacology/pharmacology-introduction/routes-of-administration-and-dosage-forms

Danco Laboratories, New York, New York) and intravaginal misoprostol ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
ABSTRACT To assess the effectiveness of intravaginal misoprostol for second trimester uterine evacuation, we studied 70 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by fetal malformation or dead fetuses. (who.int)
Administration of misoprostol is an effective clinical method to terminate second trimester, complicated pregnancy. (who.int)
RÉSUMÉ Afin d'évaluer l'efficacité du misoprostol intravaginal pour une évacuation utérine au deuxième trimestre, nous avons examiné 70 femmes ayant une grossesse unique compliquée par une malformation ou une mort foetale. (who.int)
Upon hemodynamic and respiratory improvement, we decided to induce labor with intravaginal misoprostol after consulting with the obstetricians on the third day after admission. (hindawi.com)

in such cases, intramuscular administration of droperidol has been used, at doses as high as 10 mg. (medscape.com)
A number of 20 females was a subset of Group 3 females who failed to respond to treatment - they were treated for 10 days with an intravaginal device containing progesterone followed by a single intramuscular injection of 1500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin given at intravaginal device removal. (ejfa.me)

Not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use. (rxlist.com)
Sorilux Foam is not for oral, ophthalmic, or intravaginal use. (drugs.com)

The intravaginal route of administration can be exploited to treat local diseases and for systemic delivery. (dtu.dk)
It also covers the therapeutics assessment by product type, stage, route of administration, and molecule type. (reportlinker.com)
Amyloid precursor protein secretase inhibitors pipeline report provides the therapeutic assessment of the pipeline drugs by the Route of Administration. (reportlinker.com)
the resultant dosage form determines the route of administration and the clinical efficacy and safety of the drug. (merckvetmanual.com)
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. (mental-health-matters.org)
Route of administration and dosage form are aspects of drug delivery . (mental-health-matters.org)
However, uptake of drugs administered orally may also occur already in the stomach, and as such gastrointestinal (along the gastrointestinal tract) may be a more fitting term for this route of administration. (mental-health-matters.org)
The rectal route is an effective route of administration for many medications, especially those used at the end of life. (mental-health-matters.org)
The translation of the route code submitted by the firm, indicating route of administration. (ndclist.com)

however, there is negligible systemic absorption following intravaginal administration. (connectiverx.com)

Mid-trimester abortion induced by intravaginal administration of prostaglandin E2 suppositories. (edu.sa)

Tomar L. acidophilus por vía oral durante el embarazo, durante la lactancia o dárselo a los recién nacidos no parece prevenir las alergias en los niños. (medlineplus.gov)
Embryofetal development studies were conducted with calcipotriene after oral administration in rats and rabbits. (drugs.com)
Pregnant rats received daily oral administration of calcipotriene during the period of organogenesis. (drugs.com)
We report here the case of aluminum phosphide poisoning in a pregnant lady through oral and intravaginal administration which was managed with aggressive supportive measures without resorting to extracorporeal life support. (hindawi.com)
Following oral (30 mg) administration of 14C-labelled terconazole, excretion of radioactivity was both by renal (32-56%) and fecal (47-52%) routes. (drugbank.com)
These effects are only observed with oral doses exceeding 20 mg/kg/day and intravaginal doses greater than 9 mg/kg/day. (connectiverx.com)
Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. (mental-health-matters.org)
Enteral/enteric administration usually includes oral (through the mouth) and rectal (into the rectum) administration, in the sense that these are taken up by the intestines. (mental-health-matters.org)
Long-term animal studies to determine carcinogenic potential have not been performed.Oral administration of econazole nitrate in rats has been reported to produce prolonged gestation. (drugcentral.org)

Strictly enteral administration (directly into the intestines) can be used for systemic administration, as well as local (sometimes termed topical), such as in a contrast enema, whereby contrast media are infused into the intestines for imaging. (mental-health-matters.org)

A prospective study examined the safety, efficacy and labour outcome in 436 women undergoing labour induction using intravaginal prostaglandin E2. (who.int)

The administration of Trexen Duo intravaginally has caused some adverse reactions in some cases, although its responsibility has not been fully proven. (ospharma.com)

Dendritic cell-mediated induction of mucosal cytotoxic responses following intravaginal immunization with the nontoxic B subunit of cholera toxin. (c3m-nice.fr)
A significant challenge in intravaginal vaccination against mucosal pathogens concerns the immune privileged environment in the genital tract, which prevents migration of immune cells in the absence of inflammation. (uw.edu)
We have demonstrated that DCs are actively recruited to vaginal mucosal tissues following intravaginal administration of the chemotactic peptides MIP-3 Alpha and Beta-Defensin 2. (uw.edu)

Administration, Intravaginal" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)

Natural micronized progesterone for vaginal administration with the brand name of Utrogestan A ® had been approved even before the gel in certain European countries. (dovepress.com)
The administration of progesterone to women with adequate estrogen production transforms the uterus from a proliferative to a secretory phase. (empowerpharmacy.com)

Since this alginate/chitosan membrane is stable in a simulated vaginal environment, is easy to fabricate and can be used for the controlled release of a model drug, it represents a promising drug delivery system for local intravaginal applications. (dtu.dk)

Canesten 6 day intravaginal cream (1%) [Canadian product]: Insert 1 applicatorful of 1% vaginal cream daily (preferably at bedtime) for 6 consecutive days. (medicine.com)

This study aims to evaluate the safety and reactogenicity profile after 1 and 2 dose administrations of CVnCoV at different dose levels. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Parenteral administration can be performed by injection, that is, using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe, or by the insertion of an indwelling catheter. (mental-health-matters.org)

An optional procedure for participants at one site - the BLHC CRS in New York - was the collection of rectal swabs to assess tenofovir levels in the rectum following intravaginal administration of tenofovir 1% gel. (mtnstopshiv.org)
In hospice care, a specialised rectal catheter, designed to provide comfortable and discreet administration of ongoing medications provides a practical way to deliver and retain liquid formulations in the distal rectum, giving health practitioners a way to leverage the established benefits of rectal administration. (mental-health-matters.org)

Preformulation and Formulation of Steroids and Assessment of an Electronically Modulated Intravaginal Device for Induced Calving or Oestrous synchronization of Cattle. (waikato.ac.nz)
An assessment of an intravaginal Electronically Modulated Intravaginal Device (EMID) for the control of the bovine oestrous cycle or induced calving was carried out. (waikato.ac.nz)
The Bloom Pod by Elvie is an intravaginal device that measures contraction, force and lengthening of the pelvic floor muscles. (marvellbenefits.com)

Terconazole is a triazole antifungal agent available for intravaginal use. (drugbank.com)

Intravaginal administration in humans has not shown prolonged gestation or other adverse reproductive effects attributable to econazole nitrate therapy. (com.bd)

We enrolled 93 postmenopausal women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a topically applied intravaginal estriol cream. (anh-usa.org)

This had the disadvantage of lack of control by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ensuring efficacy of the preparations. (dovepress.com)

Geriatric appropriate reduction in combination with permission and receiving concomitant administration of health. (zonapac.com)
Concomitant administration of econazole and warfarin has resulted in enhancement of anticoagulation effect. (com.bd)

Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. (mental-health-matters.org)
Routes of administration are usually classified by application location (or exposition). (mental-health-matters.org)
Exceptions include the transdermal or transmucosal routes, which are still commonly referred to as routes of administration. (mental-health-matters.org)

Drug Interactions WarfarinConcomitant administration of econazole and warfarin has resulted in enhancement of anticoagulation effect. (drugcentral.org)

Different dosage forms - including films - for vaginal administration of antiretroviral drugs have been developed for this purpose. (ucm.es)

An exception is topical administration, which generally means that both the application location and the effect thereof is local. (mental-health-matters.org)
Topical administration is sometimes defined as both a local application location and local pharmacodynamic effect, and sometimes merely as a local application location regardless of location of the effects. (mental-health-matters.org)
Topical - Administration to a particular spot on the outer surface of the body. (ndclist.com)

The intravaginal administration of estriol prevents recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women, probably by modifying the vaginal flora. (anh-usa.org)
Intravaginal Administration of Interleukin 12 during Genital Gonococcal Infection in Mice Induces Immunity to Heterologous Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae . (bvsalud.org)

Food and Drug Administration. (cdc.gov)
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Orphan Drug Designation and Fast Track Designation to AL101 for the potential treatment of Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). (reportlinker.com)
On 18 October 2007, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that a warning about possible deafness ( sudden hearing loss ) would be added to the drug labels of vardenafil, and other PDE 5 inhibitors. (mdwiki.org)
The food and drug administration is advising consumers not to purchase or use royal honey, a product promoted and sold for sexual. (kashkoncepts.com)
Bloom is clinical-grade, comprehensive and listed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (marvellbenefits.com)

A controlled trial of intravaginal estriol in postmenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections. (anh-usa.org)

If it is not possible to stop the drug causing medication-induced hyperprolactinemia, cautious administration of a dopamine agonist should be considered, in consultation with the patient's physician. (medscape.com)

Though it can be administered orally, intramuscularly or even sublingually, a very effective route with fewer side effects can be achieved by an intravaginal route. (dovepress.com)

the timing of administration mice needed to have intact cellular immunity (5). (cdc.gov)

Albany, NY -- ( SBWire ) -- 06/29/2018 --The vaginal ring which is also called as V-ring are the devices (polymeric drug) that provide controlled release of medications for intra vaginal administration for a longer period of time. (sbwire.com)

In the study group (HSIL, HPV positive), patients will be treated with intravaginal self-administrated vaginal gel Deflagyn containing 10.0 mg of highly dispersed silicon dioxide, 24.8 mg of citric acid, and 0.25 mg of selenium per administration (5 ml). (who.int)

Administration of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) slows disease progression and reduces HIV-1 viremia to near undetectable levels. (uw.edu)

Anatomy22

Organisms28

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs65

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment65

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science1

Health Care13

Geographicals3

Women's interest in vaginal microbicides. (1/486)

Mucosal vaccination strategies for women. (2/486)

Pharmacokinetics of natural progesterone administered in the form of a vaginal tablet. (3/486)

Estradiol with or without progesterone and ambulatory blood pressure in postmenopausal women. (4/486)

Does an acidic medium enhance the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol for pre-abortion cervical priming? (5/486)

Persistent dominant follicle alters pattern of oviductal secretory proteins from cows at estrus. (6/486)

Ovulation and estrus characteristics in crossbred Brahman heifers treated with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert in combination with prostaglandin F2alpha and estradiol benzoate. (7/486)

Luteal support with micronized progesterone following in-vitro fertilization using a down-regulation protocol with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist: a comparative study between vaginal and oral administration. (8/486)

Administration, Intravaginal

Vagina

Vaginal Douching

Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies

Administration, Oral

Contraceptive Devices, Female

Spermatocidal Agents

Estrus Synchronization

Vaginal Diseases

Flurogestone Acetate

Insemination, Artificial

Progesterone

Mucous Membrane

Vaginitis

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal

Vaginosis, Bacterial

Herpes Genitalis

Estrus

Cervix Mucus

Herpesvirus 2, Human

Genitalia, Female

Nonoxynol

Pessaries

Anestrus

Premature Ejaculation

Administration, Intranasal

Time Factors

Gels

Pregnancy

Estradiol

Delayed-Action Preparations

Misoprostol

Reproductive Tract Infections

Drug Administration Schedule

Hygiene

Chlamydia muridarum

Drug Implants

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Macaca nemestrina

Injections, Intravenous

Fertility

United States Food and Drug Administration

Disease Models, Animal

Organophosphonates

Ovulation

Immunity, Mucosal

Macaca mulatta

Simian immunodeficiency virus

Intrauterine Devices, Medicated

Abortifacient Agents

Thymidine Monophosphate

Drug Administration Routes

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Cattle

Dinoprost

Injections, Intramuscular

Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Feminine Hygiene Products

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Melengestrol Acetate

Gonadotropins, Equine

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Cervix Uteri

Luteinizing Hormone

Follicular Cyst

Contraceptive Agents, Female

Administration, Topical

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Adenine

Pregnancy Rate

Polyvinyls

Herpes Simplex Virus Vaccines

Genital Diseases, Female

Sheep

Rats, Wistar

Random Allocation

Madagascar

Anti-Infective Agents

Postpartum Period

Vaginal Discharge