Administration inhalation. Medical search

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

Pulmonary injury following the breathing in of toxic smoke from burning materials such as plastics, synthetics, building materials, etc. This injury is the most frequent cause of death in burn patients.

Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals.

The act of BREATHING in.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and delivered to the target tissue.

An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Tests involving inhalation of allergens (nebulized or in dust form), nebulized pharmacologically active solutions (e.g., histamine, methacholine), or control solutions, followed by assessment of respiratory function. These tests are used in the diagnosis of asthma.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.

Relating to the size of solids.

Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)

Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.

A variety of devices used in conjunction with METERED DOSE INHALERS. Their purpose is to hold the released medication for inhalation and make it easy for the patients to inhale the metered dose of medication into their lungs.

Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.

Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

A small aerosol canister used to release a calibrated amount of medication for inhalation.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Organic compounds that contain the -NCO radical.

Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.

Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Unstable isotopes of oxygen that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. O atoms with atomic weights 13, 14, 15, 19, and 20 are radioactive oxygen isotopes.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.

Delivery of substances through VENIPUNCTURE into the VEINS.

Plutonium. A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, atomic number 94, and atomic weight 242. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.

Injections into the cerebral ventricles.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.

A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption in the body of man or animal.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.

Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.

Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.

Uptake of substances through the SKIN.

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.

Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.

Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells.

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.

AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.

The mucous lining of the NASAL CAVITY, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the OLFACTORY MUCOSA. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, GOBLET CELLS, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (STEM CELLS) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

A non-specific host defense mechanism that removes MUCUS and other material from the LUNGS by ciliary and secretory activity of the tracheobronchial submucosal glands. It is measured in vivo as mucus transfer, ciliary beat frequency, and clearance of radioactive tracers.

Drugs that are used to treat asthma.

A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL.

Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants.

Silicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular structures.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

Compressed gases or vapors in a container which, upon release of pressure and expansion through a valve, carry another substance from the container. They are used for cosmetics, household cleaners, and so on. Examples are BUTANES; CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUOROCARBONS; NITROGEN; and PROPANE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).

Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.

Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

Long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured filaments of various lengths. They form the structure of some minerals. The medical significance lies in their potential ability to cause various types of PNEUMOCONIOSIS (e.g., ASBESTOSIS) after occupational or environmental exposure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p708)

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.

An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.

An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of one-time, short-term exposure to a chemical or chemicals.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

The highest dosage administered that does not produce toxic effects.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The use of fragrances and essences from plants to affect or alter a person's mood or behavior and to facilitate physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The chemicals comprising essential oils in plants has a host of therapeutic properties and has been used historically in Africa, Asia, and India. Its greatest application is in the field of alternative medicine. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; from Dr. Atiba Vheir, Dove Center, Washington, D.C.)

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

GM-CSF-deficient mice are susceptible to pulmonary group B streptococcal infection. (1/4255)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene-targeted mice (GM-/-) cleared group B streptococcus (GBS) from the lungs more slowly than wild-type mice. Expression of GM-CSF in the respiratory epithelium of GM-/- mice improved bacterial clearance to levels greater than that in wild-type GM+/+ mice. Acute aerosolization of GM-CSF to GM+/+ mice significantly enhanced clearance of GBS at 24 hours. GBS infection was associated with increased neutrophilic infiltration in lungs of GM-/- mice, while macrophage infiltrates predominated in wild-type mice, suggesting an abnormality in macrophage clearance of bacteria in the absence of GM-CSF. While phagocytosis of GBS was unaltered, production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide was markedly deficient in macrophages from GM-/- mice. Lipid peroxidation, assessed by measuring the isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2alpha, was decreased in the lungs of GM-/- mice. GM-CSF plays an important role in GBS clearance in vivo, mediated in part by its role in enhancing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages. (+info)

Prolonged eosinophil accumulation in allergic lung interstitium of ICAM-2 deficient mice results in extended hyperresponsiveness. (2/4255)

ICAM-2-deficient mice exhibit prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium concomitant with a delayed increase in eosinophil numbers in the airway lumen during the development of allergic lung inflammation. The ICAM-2-dependent increased and prolonged accumulation of eosinophils in lung interstitium results in prolonged, heightened airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal an essential role for ICAM-2 in the development of the inflammatory and respiratory components of allergic lung disease. This phenotype is caused by the lack of ICAM-2 expression on non-hematopoietic cells. ICAM-2 deficiency on endothelial cells causes reduced eosinophil transmigration in vitro. ICAM-2 is not essential for lymphocyte homing or the development of leukocytes, with the exception of megakaryocyte progenitors, which are significantly reduced. (+info)

Hexavalent chromium responsible for lung lesions induced by intratracheal instillation of chromium fumes in rats. (3/4255)

Lung toxicity of chromium fumes (Cr fumes) was examined by a single intratracheal instillation into rats of 10.6 mg and 21.3 mg Cr fumes/kg body weight and by repeated (3 times) instillations of 10.8 mg and 21.7 mg Cr fumes/kg. The pathological changes were compared with those induced by single administrations of 3.2 mg and 19.2 mg Na2CO3 solution-insoluble fraction of Cr fumes (Cr-Fr)/kg and 20.8 mg commercially available chromium (III) oxide powder (Cr (III) oxide)/kg. Single and repeated administrations of Cr fumes suppressed growth rate in a dose-dependent manner, but administrations of Cr-Fr and Cr (III) oxide did not. A single administration of Cr fumes produced granulomas in the entire airways and alveoli with progressive fibrotic changes, as well as severe mobilization and destruction of macrophages and foamy cells. Those histopathological changes were aggravated by the repeated administration of Cr fumes. On the other hand, single administrations of Cr-Fr and Cr (III) oxide produced no remarkable histopathological changes. Cr fumes were found to be composed of 73.5% chromium (III) oxide and 26.5% chromium (VI) oxide. The primary particles of Cr fumes and Cr-Fr were similar, 0.02 micron in size (sigma g: 1.25), and Cr (III) oxide particles were 0.30 micron in size (sigma g: 1.53), measured by analytical electron microscopy (ATEM). Diffuse clusters of the primary particles in Cr fumes were identified as Cr (VI) oxide. The present results suggested that the lung toxicity of Cr fumes was mainly caused by these Cr (VI) oxide (CrO3) particles in Cr fumes. (+info)

A new model rat with acute bronchiolitis and its application to research on the toxicology of inhaled particulate matter. (4/4255)

The aim of the present study was to establish a useful animal model that simulates humans sensitive to inhaled particulate matter (PM). We have developed a new rat model of acute bronchiolitis (Br) by exposing animals to NiCl2 (Ni) aerosols for five days. Three days following the Ni exposure, the animals developed signs of tachypnea, mucous hypersecretion, and bronchiolar inflammation which seemed to progress quickly during the fourth to fifth day. They recovered from lesions after four weeks in clean air. To assess the sensitivity of the Br rats to inhaled particles, two kinds of PM of respirable size were tested with doses similar to or a little higher to the recommended threshold limit values (TLVs) for the working environment in Japan. Titanium dioxide (TiO2 = Ti) was chosen as an inert and insoluble particles and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5 = V), as a representative soluble and toxic airborne material. The Br rats exposed to either Ti or V were compared the pathological changes in the lungs and the clearance of particles to those in normal control or Br rats kept in clean air. The following significant differences were observed in Br rats: 1. delayed recovery from pre-existing lesions or exacerbated inflammation, 2. reductions in deposition and clearance rate of inhaled particles with the progress of lesions. The present results suggest that Br rats are more susceptible to inhaled particles than control rats. Therefore, concentrations of particulate matter lower than the TLVs for Japan, which have no harmful effects on normal lungs, may not always be safe in the case of pre-existing lung inflammation. (+info)

An animal exposure system using ultrasonic nebulizer that generates well controlled aerosols from liquids. (5/4255)

Various aerosol generators have been developed for animal inhalation experiments and the performance tests of measuring instruments and respirators. It has been, however, difficult to generate aerosols from an aqueous solution or suspension keeping the concentration and particle size distribution constant for a long time. Resolving such difficulties, the present study developed an animal exposure system that generates well-controlled and stable aerosols from liquids. The exposure system consists of an aerosol generator using ultrasonic nebulizer, a mixing chamber and an exposure chamber. The validity of this system was confirmed in the generation of NiCl2 and TiO2 aerosol from solution and suspension, respectively. The concentration levels of NiCl2 aerosol were kept at 3.2 mg/m3 and 0.89 mg/m3 for 5 hours with good coefficients of variation (CVs) of 2.5% and 1.7%, respectively. For TiO2 aerosol, the concentration levels of 1.59 mg/m3 and 0.90 mg/m3 were kept for 5 hours with small CVs of 1.3% and 2.0%, respectively. This exposure system could be sufficiently used for inhalation experiments with even high toxic aerosols such as NiCl2 because a momentary high concentration possibly affects results and an extremely stable concentration is required. (+info)

A clearance model of inhaled man-made fibers in rat lungs. (6/4255)

A clearance model of inhaled man-made fibers (MMFs) was developed, and the calculated fiber numbers and dimensions were compared with the experimental ones using a glass fiber (GF), ceramic fiber (RF1) and two potassium octatitanate whiskers (PT1, TW). If the translocation rate by macrophages is constant and the effect of dissolution and disintegration can be ignored, the fiber number is expected to decrease exponentially with time. In the experimental study, however, the fiber number did not always decrease exponentially. In the case of RF1, the fiber number decreased almost exponentially and the diameter decreased linearly with the time. The clearance rate constant of GF during 3 to 6 months after the end of one-month exposure was greater than that during 1 to 3 months. On the contrary, the clearance rate constants of PT1 and TW during 1 to 6 months were greater than next six months. The diameter and the length of GF did not change significantly. The fiber length of PT1 tends to become longer with time although the diameter did not change significantly. Our theoretical model gives a satisfactory fit to these experimental results. (+info)

Nitrogen dioxide formation during inhaled nitric oxide therapy. (7/4255)

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a toxic by-product of inhalation therapy with nitric oxide (NO). The rate of NO2 formation during NO therapy is controversial. METHODS: The formation of NO2 was studied under dynamic flows emulating a base case NO ventilator mixture containing 80 ppm NO in a 90% oxygen matrix. The difficulty in measuring NO2 concentrations below 2 ppm accurately was overcome by the use of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS: Using a second-order model, the rate constant, k, for NO2 formation was determined to be (1.19 +/- 0.11) x 10(-11) ppm-2s-1, which is in basic agreement with evaluated data from atmospheric literature. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled NO can be delivered safely in a well-designed, continuous flow neonatal ventilatory circuit, and NO2 formation can be calculated reliably using the rate constant and circuit dwell time. (+info)

As-required versus regular nebulized salbutamol for the treatment of acute severe asthma. (8/4255)

Current British guidelines for the administration of beta2-agonists in acute severe asthma recommend regular nebulized therapy in hospitalized patients, followed by as-required (p.r.n.) use via hand-held devices after discharge. Since beta2-agonists do not possess anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, and are thus unlikely to influence the rate of recovery from an asthma exacerbation, it was hypothesized that patients given the short-acting beta2-agonist salbutamol on an as-required basis after admission to hospital would recover as quickly as those on regular treatment, but with potential reductions in the total dose delivered. Forty-six patients with acute severe asthma were randomly assigned to either regular prescriptions of nebulized salbutamol or to usage on a p.r.n. basis, from 24 h after hospital admission. The primary outcome measures were length of hospital stay, time to recovery, and frequency of salbutamol nebulization from 24 h after admission to discharge. Secondary outcome measures were treatment side-effects (tremor, palpitations), and patient satisfaction. Length of hospital stay was reduced in those patients allocated to p.r.n. salbutamol (geometric mean (GM) 3.7 days) versus regular salbutamol (GM 4.7 days). Time taken for peak expiratory flow to reach 75% of recent best was the same in both groups. There was a highly significant reduction in the number of times nebulized therapy was delivered to the p.r.n. group (GM 7.0, range 1-30) compared with the regular treatment group (GM 14.0, range 4-57; p=0.003; 95% confidence interval for ratio of GMs 1.29-3.09). In addition, patients reported less tremor (p=0.062) and fewer palpitations (p=0.049) in the p.r.n. group. Of the patients in the p.r.n. group who had received regular nebulized therapy on previous admissions (n=12), all preferred the p.r.n. regimen. Prescribing beta2-agonists on a p.r.n. basis from 24 h after hospital admission is associated with reduced amount of drug delivered, incidence of side-effects, and possibly length of hospital stay. This has implications for the efficient use of healthcare resources. (+info)

After a puff, inhalation of the aerosol travels from the device into the mouth and lungs. The composition of e-liquids varies ... Many of the samples tested by the states or by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) as part of the 2019 investigation ... Long-term inhalation of propylene glycol indoors could increase risk to children to develop asthma. To lessen the risks, most e ... Passive inhalation of vapor might have significant adverse effects. Though, e-cigarettes exposes non-users to nicotine but not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_of_electronic_cigarettes

The inhalation chamber which was set up in the old Dunedin Post Office building was described as follows: "It was a small room ... "Competitive Generic Therapy Approvals". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 17 May 2022. Appenzeller-Herzog C, Mathes ... In reality, the inhalation of hot steam could inflame the nasal tissue, potentially making participants more susceptible to ... During the 1918 flu pandemic in New Zealand, inhalation chambers were set up in towns and cities as a means to boost immunity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_sulfate_(medical_use)

"Relenza (zanamivir) Inhalation Powder". Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009. Freund, B ... It is marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Relenza as a powder for oral inhalation. Zanamivir is used for the ... Drug Information: Zanamivir Inhalation MedlinePlus drug Portal: Medicine (All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles ... The bioavailability of zanamivir is 2%. After inhalation, zanamivir is concentrated in the lungs and oropharynx, where up to 15 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanamivir

On 30 March 1842, he administered diethyl ether by inhalation to a man named James Venable, in order to remove a tumor from the ... The increased application of economic and business administration principles to health care in the late 20th and early 21st ... reprinted in Long, C. W. (December 1991). "An account of the first use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anaesthetic in ... Long CW (December 1849). "An account of the first use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anaesthetic in Surgical Operations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_general_anesthesia

Other devices invented by Magill include the Magill laryngoscope blade, as well as several apparati for the administration of ... doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)55592-5. Magill, I (1921). "Warming ether vapour for Inhalation". The Lancet. 197 (5102): 1270. doi: ... Until 1913, oral and maxillofacial surgery was performed by mask inhalation anesthesia, topical application of local ... 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)24908-3. Magill, I (1923). "An apparatus for the administration of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and ether". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_tracheal_intubation

Airway obstruction is also common in people who have suffered smoke inhalation or burns within or near the airway or ... They may also be used as a route for administration of certain medications such as bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, ... doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)24908-3. Magill, I (1923). "An apparatus for the administration of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and ether ... Because it is an invasive and uncomfortable medical procedure, intubation is usually performed after administration of general ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_intubation

On 24 March 2015 it was granted approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in treating inhalation ... "FDA approves treatment for inhalation anthrax". United States Food and Drug Administration. 25 March 2015. "Anthrasil Approval ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_immune_globulin

Testosterone has been studied by inhalation. Testosterone can be used by intranasal administration (e.g., brand name Natesto). ... Rectal administration of testosterone avoids the first-pass effect with oral administration similarly to other non-oral routes ... As a result, it requires administration several times per day in divided doses. Due to its limitations, such as the high doses ... Oral testosterone undecanoate is provided as 40 mg oil-filled capsules and requires administration 2 to 4 times per day (i.e., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics_of_testosterone

Inhalation anthrax usually develops within a week after exposure, but may take up to 2 months. During the first few days of ... "FDA approves raxibacumab to treat inhalational anthrax". Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 17 ... The inhalation form presents with fever, chest pain and shortness of breath. The intestinal form presents with diarrhea (which ... A lethal infection is reported to result from inhalation of about 10,000-20,000 spores, though this dose varies among host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax

Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action. The drug travels by some ... The fastest route of absorption is inhalation. Absorption is a primary focus in drug development and medicinal chemistry, since ... Representative examples include typical cases of oral administration, subcutaneous injection, and intramuscular injection. ... Intravascular administration does not involve absorption, and there is no loss of drug. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(pharmacology)

"FAA Registry (N999LJ)". Federal Aviation Administration. "Crew in crash died of burns, smoke inhalation". Today.com. NBC News ... The pilot and co-pilot died from smoke inhalation and burns minutes after the crash. Passengers Still, Jr. and Baker died upon ... According to the Federal Aviation Administration, air traffic controllers saw sparks emanating from the plane. The pilots told ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_South_Carolina_Learjet_60_crash

A portable administration set will comprise a portable high-pressure oxygen cylinder containing sufficient gas for the expected ... Kudrow M.D., Lee (January 1981). "Response of Cluster Headache Attacks to Oxygen Inhalation". Headache. 21 (1): 1-4. doi: ... Sorrell, Lana; Bird, Nick (Fall 2012). "Tips for Better Oxygen Administration". Alert Diver. Retrieved 17 January 2019. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_valve_oxygen_therapy

Nasal insufflation is the most common method of nasal administration. Other methods are nasal inhalation and nasal instillation ... parenteral administration routes, such as Intramuscular, Intradermal, or Subcutaneous injection. While nasal administration has ... However, the insufflation by the pump is not adequate for delivery to the lungs, necessitating an active inhalation by the ... Insufflation has many medical uses, most notably as a route of administration for various drugs. Gases are often insufflated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insufflation_(medicine)

... and via inhalation by smoking, vaporizing, and snorting. The efficiency of each method of administration varies from drug to ... History of the Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved at FDA's website Archived 2009-01-19 at the Wayback Machine on June 23, ... In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has authority over all drugs, including psychoactive drugs. The ... United States Food and Drug Administration. CDER Data Standards Manual Archived 2006-01-03 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoactive_drug

"FAA Registry (N999LJ)". Federal Aviation Administration. "Crew in crash died of burns, smoke inhalation". 22 September 2008. " ... "FAA Registry (N47A)". Federal Aviation Administration. National Transportation Safety Board. MIA71AM076 "FAA Registry (N711FC ... Federal Aviation Administration. National Transportation Safety Board. MIA74AM049. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Metropolitan_Airport

Recently, one study has used an animal model (hind-paw incision) to observe the effects of morphine administration on the acute ... There are numerous methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle; by injection ... After IM or SC injections, morphine plasma levels peak in approximately 20 min, and, after oral administration, levels peak in ... The authors suggest that morphine administration in the acute post-injury period may reduce resistance to infection and may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine

"Drug Approval Package: Tyvaso (Treprostinil) Inhalation Solution NDA #022387". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 24 ... The subcutaneous administration tends to be very painful.[citation needed] Treprostinil is indicated for the treatment of ... Patients use one ampule with inhalation solution a day, four times a day at least four hours apart. The oral form of ... The drug can be given in various forms: IV, subcutaneous injection, oral inhalation, as well as oral extended-release tablets. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treprostinil

"Incruse Ellipta (umeclidinium inhalation powder) for Oral Inhalation Use. Full Prescribing Information" (PDF). GlaxoSmithKline ... it was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under the trade name Arcapta Neohaler on July 1, 2011) olodaterol: ... "FDA approves Anoro Ellipta to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived ... Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Feb 2010. Archived from the original on 2017-11-02. Retrieved 2019-12-16. Based on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-acting_beta-adrenoceptor_agonist

doi:10.1001/jama.1890.02410440006001a. Wexler RE (1968). "Analgizer: Inhaler for supervised self-administration of inhalation ... Early inhalation devices included one devised by John Mudge in 1778. It had a pewter mug with a hole allowing attachment of a ... 4. As inhalation begins, the canister is pressed down to releases the medicine into the lungs. 5. Slow deep breathing is ... 3. Slow inhalation is done while simultaneously pressing the button to release the medication. 4. Breath is held for 5-10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhaler

Wexler RE (1968). "Analgizer: Inhaler for supervised self-administration of inhalation anesthesia". Abbott Park, Illinois: ... Supervised self-administration of methoxyflurane in children and adults can briefly lead to deep sedation, and it has been used ... Tomlin PJ, Jones BC, Edwards R, Robin PE (1973). "Subjective and objective sensory responses to inhalation of nitrous oxide and ... Pain relief begins after 6-8 breaths and continues for several minutes after stopping inhalation. The maximum recommended dose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxyflurane

108-9. ISBN 978-0-8036-1559-5. Wexler RE (1968). "Analgizer: Inhaler for supervised self-administration of inhalation ... Providers must always observe the first administration of any PCA medication which has not already been administered by the ... These are popular for administration of opioids such as fentanyl, or local anesthetics such as lidocaine. Iontocaine is one ... The most common form of patient-controlled analgesia is self-administration of oral over-the-counter or prescription ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient-controlled_analgesia

"Maxair Autohaler (pirbuterol acetate inhalation aerosol) For Oral Inhalation Only. U.S. Full Prescribing Information". 3M ... The plasma half-life measured after oral administration is about two hours. Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug ... After inhalation of doses up to 800 μg (twice the maximum recommended dose) systemic blood levels of pirbuterol are below the ... of the dose is recovered in urine as pirbuterol plus its sulfate conjugate following administration by aerosol. Pirbuterol is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirbuterol

Cases of inhalation are also known. A man inhaled palytoxin when he tried to kill a Palythoa in his aquarium with boiling water ... The LD50 after parenteral administration was lower than 1 µg/kg. However the doubtful purity of this study increased because of ... In some non-lethal cases the symptoms in people have appeared in 6-8 hours after inhalation or skin exposure, and have lasted ... Palytoxin can travel in water vapor and cause poisoning by inhalation. In this context, despite an increase in reports of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palytoxin

... inhalation, intramuscular, and submucosal administration, among others. Although researchers are calling for further studies to ... Nitrous oxide inhalation has also proven to be useful method to treat anxious children. Ashley, Paul F.; Chaudhary, Mohsin; ... The parenteral route involves the administration of sedative drugs other than absorption across enteric membranes (outside of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedation_dentistry

... is also well absorbed following inhalation and following intranasal administration. It is distributed to most ... Methamphetamine is also well absorbed following inhalation and following intranasal administration. Because of the high ... Repeated administration or self administration of METH has been shown to upregulate σ-1 receptor protein and mRNA in various ... Administration of methamphetamine to rodents causes DNA damage in their brain, particularly in the nucleus accumbens region. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methamphetamine

Th ARCUS technology allows for the administration of drugs by inhalation. The FDA-approved drug Inbrija (levodopa inhalation ... Ampyra (dalfampridine) Inbrija (levodopa inhalation powder) Inbrija is administered by inhalation and is indicated for the ... In December 2018, the company announced the FDA approval of Inbrija (levodopa inhalation powder) for patients with Parkinson's ... Acorda Therapeutics manufactures and markets the drugs Inbrija (levodopa inhalation powder) and Ampyra (dalfampridine) in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorda_Therapeutics

"Harm Reduction Associated with Inhalation and Oral Administration of Cannabis and THC". Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics. 1 (3- ... Even in those with no family history of psychosis, the administration of pure THC in clinical settings has been demonstrated to ... The transmission of tuberculosis has been linked to cannabis inhalation techniques, such as sharing water pipes and 'Hotboxing ... March 2015). "How cannabis causes paranoia: using the intravenous administration of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to identify ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis

Generally, 3-MMC is taken via inhalation, injection, insufflation or oral administration. Repeated use of 3-MMC in a single ... B.V. "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Methylmethcathinone

Neuraminidase inhibitors are useful for combating influenza infection: zanamivir, administered by inhalation; oseltamivir, ... Administration of neuraminidase inhibitors is a treatment that limits the severity and spread of viral infections. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_neuraminidase

Snow J (1858). "Fatal cases of inhalation of chloroform, Treatment of suspended animation from chloroform". In Richardson BW ( ... John Snow was the first to report tracheotomy and cannulation of the trachea for the administration of chloroform anesthesia in ... Tracheotomy may result in a significant reduction in the administration of sedatives and vasopressors, as well as the duration ... published a paper describing the first successful elective human tracheotomy to be performed for the purpose of administration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheotomy

In 2020, manufacturers and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced an agreement to phase out some types of PFAS which ... through inhalation of dust and smoke released during and after the collapse of the World Trade Center.[166] ... This study established inhalation as a potential route of occupational PFAS exposure by reporting measurable levels of organic ... occupational exposure includes both accidental ingestion and inhalation exposure in settings where a PFAS becomes volatilized.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances

Inhalation may also cause irritation to the respiratory tract. While skin or eye contact is less harmful than ingestion or ... inhalation, it can still result in irritation, itching, redness, and pain. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration ... Like all soluble barium compounds, barium nitrate is toxic by ingestion or inhalation.[8] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_nitrate

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the ... Although accidental inhalation exposure to a high concentration of uranium hexafluoride has resulted in human fatalities, those ... Nuclear fuel data and analysis from the U.S. Energy Information Administration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium

On the inhalation of the vapor of ether. ph.ucla.edu *↑ Snow, John 1858. on Chloroform and other anaesthetics and their action ... and administration. London: John Churchill. Other websites[change , change source]. *John Snow website, by Ralph R. Frerichs, ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Snow

Inhalation Anaesthesia Using Gases, S. 127-135. *^ T. Frieling: Diagnostik bei anorektalen Erkrankungen. In: Praxis 96.7 (2007 ... I mars 2015 ble det i henhold til National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for første gang målt mer enn 400 ppm ... A. A. LaVerne: Rapid coma technique of carbon dioxide inhalation therapy. In: Diseases of the nervous system, 14.5 (1953), S. ... som ble målt av National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) i USA på Mauna Loa (Mauna Loa-observatoriet), Hawaii.[15 ...

https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbondioksid

Inhalation sedation is also sometimes referred to as relative analgesia.[citation needed] ... Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical ... Reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs. .mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw- ... Sedation methods in dentistry include inhalation sedation (using nitrous oxide), oral sedation, and intravenous (IV) sedation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedation

Routes of administration *Alcohol enema. *Alcohol inhalation. *Vodka eyeballing. *Sconcing. *Related issues *Balconing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effectiveness_of_Alcoholics_Anonymous

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated in 2013: "There are no significant safety concerns associated with using more ... Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of nicotine following ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. ... Treatment is mainly supportive and further care can include control of seizures with the administration of a benzodiazepine, ... Calls to US poison control centers related to e-cigarette exposures involved inhalations, eye exposures, skin exposures, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_poisoning

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Undersea Research Program ... gas is supplied through a demand valve when the diver reduces the pressure in the demand valve housing during inhalation. In ... and supplies it through the demand valve when the diver reduces the pressure in the demand valve slightly during inhalation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_set

In addition to 16 injured policemen, 15 firefighters were treated at city hospitals for smoke inhalation, burns, sprains and ... ISBN 978-0-470-17710-5. "Civil rights during the Johnson administration". LBJ Library. Archived from the original on July 20, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_assassination_riots

A US Airways mechanic on the ground was treated for smoke inhalation. No one else on the ground was hurt.: 8 The investigators ... "FAA Registry (N233YV)". Federal Aviation Administration. "AIR MIDWEST 5481 CREW AND PASSENGER NAME LIST AMPLIFICATION" (Press ... noted that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was aware of "serious deficiencies" in the training procedures at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Midwest_Flight_5481

... there are huge effects on the degree of inhalation exposure and the measured values vary broadly. It is therefore difficult to ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 20 May 2014. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017 ... Inhalation exposure to metals during additive processes (3D printing). Gefahrstoffe - Reinhalt. Luft 77 (2017) No. 11/12, p. ... together with German social accident insurance institutions conducted a measurement programme on inhalation exposure to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_and_safety_hazards_of_3D_printing

Today, according to the US Energy Information Administration, 35% of American households use gas stoves. They are chosen as ... a million and a half people die each year from indoor smoke inhalation caused by faulty stoves. An engineer's "Stove Camp" has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stove

Where it is associated with inhalation steroids (often used for treatment of asthma), erythematous candidiasis commonly appears ... depending on the route of administration. Topically administered corticosteroids in the mouth may take the form of mouthwashes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

However relaxation in the Chemical disaster rule by the Trump administration may be implicated in a series of explosions, for ... liquids or gases and any of these materials may all be absorbed by inhalation, directly through the skin of by contact with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_safety

The administration of anesthesia causes suppression of protective reflexes, most importantly the gag reflex. As a result, ... The third complication occurs after inhalation of particulate matter that obstructs airways. The patients will have sudden ... Bacteroides Prevotella Fusobacterium Peptostreptococcus Aspiration is defined as inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspiration_pneumonia

The Howard administration strongly supported US engagement in the Asia-Pacific region. Australia hosted the 2000 Summer ... 445 people may have died indirectly from smoke inhalation. Late January 2020 was also notable for the first local infections of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1945–present)

The Biden administration pauses the distribution of COVID tests due to a lack of funding. September 4 - Cloudflare blocks ... "All 17 Bronx fire victims died of smoke inhalation; Vigil planned". WABC-TV. January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022. Choi, ... "Biden Administration Launches $3.5 Billion Program To Capture Carbon Pollution From The Air". DOE. May 19, 2022. Retrieved May ... "Biden administration blames Congress for imminent pause of free COVID tests program". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved August 29, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_in_the_United_States

The rear jumpseat flight attendant and a passenger died from smoke inhalation in the DC-9's tailcone; the tailcone release was ... and lighting at the airport and the failure of Federal Aviation Administration surveillance to detect or correct any of these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Wayne_County_Airport_runway_collision

Inhalation, as in aromatherapy, can be used as a treatment. Consumption of herbs may cause adverse effects. Furthermore, " ... Over the years 2017-21, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warning letters to numerous herbalism companies for ... In the United States, herbal remedies are regulated dietary supplements by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under current ... Porter Jr SE (25 May 2017). "Warning Letter - Herbal Doctor Remedies". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 25 November ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_medicine

This study includes the latent or indirect fatalities, for example those caused by the inhalation of fossil fuel created ... In 2016, the U.S. Energy Information Administration projected for its "base case" that world nuclear power generation would ... "International Energy outlook 2016". US Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 17 August 2016. "Plans for New Nuclear ... Energy Information Administration Nuclear Fuel Cycle Cost Calculator (Pages using the Graph extension, CS1 errors: missing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power

Furthermore, even in those with no family history of psychosis, the administration of pure THC in clinical settings has been ... and 42 mg/kg for rats from inhalation. It is important though to note that cannabinoids and other molecules present in cannabis ... March 2015). "How cannabis causes paranoia: using the intravenous administration of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to identify ... Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, it was found that other "studies that measure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis

The administration lasted until 1969, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council led by Mohamed Siad Barre, seized power in a ... Jeanne Rose, John Hulburd, The aromatherapy book: applications & inhalations, (North Atlantic Books: 1992), p. 94. Charnan, ... Under the terms of the agreement, Jubaland will be administered for a two-year period by a Juba Interim Administration and led ... Britain also granted administration of the almost exclusively Somali-inhabited Northern Frontier District (NFD) to Kenyan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Somalia

Intravenous injection is a common clinical route of administration. (to be completed) Inhalation occurs through the lung and is ... or single to multiple exposures Routes of administration: e.g., from inhalation exposures to ingestion Species: e.g., ... Ramsey J, Andersen M (1984). "A physiologically based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and ... inhalation to oral). An example of a 7-compartment PBPK model, suitable to describe the fate of many solvents in the mammalian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiologically_based_pharmacokinetic_modelling

Depending on the route of administration and the treated condition, the onset of action can be from two hours up to one or two ... It can be taken in various ways including by mouth, injection into a muscle, and inhalation. Common side effects with long-term ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triamcinolone

Iowa portal Energy portal Nuclear technology portal "Duane Arnold Nuclear Plant, Iowa". Energy Information Administration, U.S ... and inhalation of, airborne radioactive contamination, and an ingestion pathway zone of about 50 miles (80 km), concerned ... which is the equivalent of taking almost 800,000 cars off the road Energy Information Administration (April 26, 2012). "State ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane_Arnold_Energy_Center

A total of 20 sailors were killed and another 36 suffered serious injuries from toxic gas inhalation. The barrel proper was ... Newport News was decommissioned on 27 June 1975 during the Ford Administration and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on ... the Nixon Administration's air and naval campaign to prevent North Vietnamese supplies from getting to South Vietnam." On 27 ... on 25 February 1993 during the Clinton Administration. The museum ship, USS Salem in Quincy, Massachusetts contains her bell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Newport_News_(CA-148)

Lighting a carbon tip on the end of the cigarette would heat the tobacco and the flavor beads, allowing the inhalation of a ... The American Medical Association and other organizations recommended that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_(cigarette)

The report urges the Food and Drug Administration to take action to ban or curtail the use of such dyes. Readers are reminded ... Occupational exposure to chemicals can happen through direct skin contact, inhalation, ingestion or eye contact. People working ... According to the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) workers have the right to a safe workplace that do not pose ... General Services Administration. December 3, 2020. Retrieved October 18, 2022. "CDX Chemical Safety and Pesticide Programs ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_Substances_Control_Act_of_1976

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has regulated and enforced limits on concentrations of mycotoxins in foods and feed ... Mycotoxins have the potential for both acute and chronic health effects via ingestion, skin contact, inhalation, and entering ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycotoxin

Umeclidinium and Vilanterol Inhalation Powder) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, ... as determined from inhalation administration of multiple doses, is 11 hours. Following oral administration of radiolabeled ... DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION. ANORO ELLIPTA (umeclidinium/vilanterol 62.5 mcg/25 mcg) should be administered as 1 inhalation once ... NDC 0173-0869-10 - 30 inhalations (60 blisters). NDC 0173-0869-06 - 7 inhalations (14 blisters), institutional pack ...

https://www.rxlist.com/anoro-ellipta-drug.htm

Administration. oral. oral. oral inhalation. oral. Ages approved for treatment. , 1 year. ,14 years. ,12 years. ,18 years. ... On January 12, 2000, the Food and Drug Administration issued an advisory letter emphasizing that physicians should 1) always ...

https://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r2k0622c.htm

Administration, Inhalation * Anti-Asthmatic Agents / administration & dosage * Anti-Asthmatic Agents / adverse effects* ... Contact allergy to Tween 80 in an inhalation suspension Contact Dermatitis. 2002 Nov;47(5):312-3. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12534540/

"U.S. fire statistics". U.S. Fire Administration. 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2021-11-05. (CS1 maint: url-status, Articles with short ... This can cause smoke inhalation injury (subtype of acute inhalation injury) which is damage to the respiratory tract caused by ... Acute inhalation injury "Smoke inhalation definition and meaning , Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. ... Smoke inhalation injury is the most common cause of death in fire victims. Fire victims with both burns to their body and smoke ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_inhalation

Smoke inhalation injury was described as early as the first century CE, when Pliny reported the execution of prisoners by ... It has been used in France for more than 30 years and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006. ... Smoke inhalation in pediatric victims. Note the many hallmarks of smoke inhalation complexed with burn injury (ie, facial burns ... Smoke inhalation in pediatric victims. Note the many hallmarks of smoke inhalation complexed with burn injury (ie, facial burns ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/771194-165472/what-is-the-role-of-chest-physiotherapy-in-the-treatment-of-smoke-inhalation-injury

... amikacin liposome inhalation), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & ... Oral Inhalation Administration. For oral inhalation use only. Administer by nebulization only with Lamira Nebulizer System ( ... Administration. Oral Inhalation Preparation. Suspension should be at room temperature before use ... encoded search term (amikacin liposome inhalation (Arikayce)) and amikacin liposome inhalation (Arikayce) What to Read Next on ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/arikayce-amikacin-liposome-inhalation-1000269

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/771194-treatment

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?locale-attribute=ru&etal=-1&type=mesh&offset=40&rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=-1

... atomized inhalation liquid preparations and inhalation powder mists. This article first introduces the formulation and ... Common inhalation preparations include inhalation aerosols, atomized inhalation liquid preparations and inhalation powder mists ... Medicilons Inhalation drug R & D platform. Can inhaled administration bring new dawn to the clinical treatment of COVID-19 ... Formulation of Aerosol for Inhalation Administration and Difficulties in Research and Development 2021-01-26 ...

https://www.medicilon.com/press-events/formulation-of-aerosol/

Inhalation Solution 2.5 mg/3 ml, 25 count at Chewy.com. FREE shipping and the BEST customer service! ... Administration Form. Inhalation. Product Form. Liquid. Health Condition. Asthma. Drug Type. Bronchodilator. ... Inhalation Solution 2.5 mg/3 ml to help. This inhalation solution is a bronchodilator that can help your pet to breathe better ... Albuterol 0.083% (Generic) Inhalation Solution 2.5 mg/3 ml, 25 count. By Albuterol. 7 Reviews. Rated 4.7143 out of 5 stars ...

https://www.chewy.com/albuterol-0083-generic-inhalation/dp/210394

Rats were exposed to the inhalation of coal dust from either Utah (low prevalence coal workers pneumoconiosis (cwp)) or ... Administration; Immunology ... NIOSH-Grant; Pulmonary-system-disorders; Dust-inhalation; ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=pneumoconiosis&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=88&RecNo=878&View=f&

Administration. Oral Inhalation. Administer in conjunction with mechanical ventilation and other supportive therapy to maximize ... Oral Inhalation. Term or near-term neonates (,34 weeks gestation): 20 ppm given continuously for up to 14 days or until the ... Oral Inhalation. Various dosages in the range of 5-10 ppm have been used in clinical studies; evidence suggests that ... Oral Inhalation. Various dosages in the range of 5-10 ppm have been used in clinical studies; evidence suggests that ...

https://www.drugs.com/monograph/nitric-oxide.html

Administration and Organization [‎2]‎. Administration, Inhalation [‎1]‎. Adolescent Health [‎286]‎. Adolescent Nutritional ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=ru&offset=49&etal=-1&type=mesh&rpp=20&starts_with_previous=A&order=ASC&sort_by=-1

Fonceca AM, Ditcham WGF, Everard ML, Devadason S. Drug administration by inhalation in children. In: Wilmott RW, Deterding R, ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000006.htm

By Route of Administration. *Intravenous. *Inhalation. *Oral. *Subcutaneous By Molecule Type *Small Molecule ...

http://ipsnews.net/business/2021/06/30/rheumatoid-arthritis-pipeline-analysis-by-its-product-types-stages-types-and-by-moa/

Inhalation. Environmental Factor. Gas/Vapor/Mist/Fume/Smoke/Dust. Human Factor. Other. ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA Contact Us FAQ A to Z Index English Español ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 200 Constitution Ave NW. Washington, DC 20210. 800-321-6742 (OSHA). TTY. www. ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 200 Constitution Ave NW. Washington, DC 20210. 800-321-6742 (OSHA). TTY. www. ...

https://www.osha.gov/ords/imis/accidentsearch.accident_inspection?line_item=21&id=3222234988143

A stable suspension aerosol formulation of epinephrine is suitable for administration through inhalation comprising a ... A stable suspension aerosol formulation of epinephrine is suitable for administration through inhalation comprising a ... Injection is the most effective method of administration to a patients blood stream, however it is a painful administration ... which permits inhalation of a substantially high percentage of the drug into a patients lungs upon administration. The small ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US8367734

Inhalation; Dust exposure; HEPA filters; High-efficiency particulate air filters; Personal protective equipment; PPE; Eye ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration; OSHA; Permissible Exposure Limits; PELs; Recommended Exposure Limits; RELs; Lung ... an exposure limit for silver nanoparticles that is much lower than the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ...

http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=Hearing%2A&f1=%2A&s2=&PageNo=4&RecNo=33&View=f&

6 Global Psychedelic Drugs Market, By Route of Administration. 7 Global Psychedelic Drugs Market, By Distribution Channel. 8 ... By Route of Administration. *Oral. *Injectable. *Inhalation. By Distribution Channel. *Direct Retailers ...

https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2022/05/06/2437648/28124/en/Global-Psychedelic-Drugs-Market-Analysis-Report-2022-Featuring-AstraZeneca-COMPASS-Klarisana-F-Hoffmann-La-Roche-Takeda-Pharma-Dr-Reddy-s-Laboratories-Pfizer-Merck-Co-Lundbeck.html

Prior to administration of NITHIODOTE, smoke-inhalation victims should be assessed for the following:. *Exposure to fire or ... Smoke Inhalation. Not all smoke inhalation victims will have cyanide poisoning and may present with burns, trauma, and exposure ... Smoke Inhalation Injury. Use sodium nitrite with caution in persons with smoke inhalation injury or carbon monoxide poisoning ... In humans, rapid administration of concentrated solutions or solutions not freshly prepared, and administration of large doses ...

https://www.rxlist.com/nithiodote-drug.htm

With Inhalation Device dangerous for children or adults over 60. ... has been observed with long-term administration of products ... FLUTICASONE-SALMETEROL Blister, With Inhalation Device. Common Brand(s): Advair Diskus, Wixela Inhub Generic Name(s): ... Does FLUTICASONE-SALMETEROL Blister, With Inhalation Device interact with other medications? * Should I avoid certain foods ... What should I Know Regarding Pregnancy, Nursing and Administering FLUTICASONE-SALMETEROL Blister, With Inhalation Device to ...

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-20542-6304/fluticasone-propionate-salmeterol-xinafoate-inhalation/fluticasone-salmeterol-inhaler-oral-inhalation/details/list-precautions

When respirators are used in workplaces covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), they are required ... Employers should inform workers of their potential for work-related inhalation hazards and provide a respirator when required. ... The effectiveness of respiratory protection worn by communities to protect from volcanic ash inhalation. Part I: Filtration ... This information is a starting point for protecting workers from current and emerging workplace inhalation hazards. ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/?p=16435

RELENZA is for administration to the respiratory tract by oral inhalation only. Each RELENZA ROTADISK contains 4 regularly ... RELENZA is for administration to the respiratory tract by oral inhalation only, using the DISKHALER device provided. ... Elimination: The serum half-life of zanamivir following administration by oral inhalation ranges from 2.5 to 5.1 hours. It is ... Blister for oral inhalation: 5 mg. Four 5 mg blisters of powder on a ROTADISK® for oral inhalation via DISKHALER®. Packaged in ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=12ff22f6-20b5-4fa8-9028-58f87e169ff5&audience=consumer

Inhalation. Environmental Factor. Gas/Vapor/Mist/Fume/Smoke/Dust. Human Factor. Insuff/Lack/Engineerng Controls. ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA Contact Us FAQ A to Z Index English Español ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 200 Constitution Ave NW. Washington, DC 20210. 800-321-6742 (OSHA). TTY. www. ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 200 Constitution Ave NW. Washington, DC 20210. 800-321-6742 (OSHA). TTY. www. ...

https://www.osha.gov/pls/imis/accidentsearch.accident_inspection?line_item=9&id=3219297935262

Inhalation Method. The inhalation method involves using vape pens and smoking. The vape pens have a battery and a coil that ... CBD oil for sleep through sublingual administration usually comes as a tincture. ... On the other hand, the effect of the inhalation method can be felt after 15 minutes and can last for 45minutes. ... Several methods of taking CBD for sleep include ingestion, sublingual, and inhalation. These methods dictate how long it will ...

https://boutiquetoyou.com/blogs/cbd-guides/does-cbd-help-with-sleep

Route of administration:. inhalation. Type of inhalation exposure:. nose only. Vehicle:. other: None. Duration of treatment / ... conducted because an appropriate inhalation study is available and inhalation is the most appropriate route of administration ... Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - systemic effects. Link to relevant study records. Reference. Endpoint:. short-term ... Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation - local effects. Endpoint conclusion. Endpoint conclusion:. adverse effect observed. Dose ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/19473/7/6/1

Administration / exposure. Route of administration:. inhalation. Results and discussion. Test results. Sex:. male/female. ...

https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/9656/7/7/3

This can cause smoke inhalation injury (subtype of acute inhalation injury) which is damage to the respiratory tract caused by chemical and/or heat exposure as well as possible systemic toxicity after smoke inhalation. (wikipedia.org)
Smoke inhalation injury can affect the upper respiratory tract (above the larynx), usually due to heat exposure, or the lower respiratory tract (below the larynx), usually due to exposure to toxic fumes. (wikipedia.org)
Some of the signs and symptoms of smoke inhalation injury include recent fire exposure followed by cough, wheezing, stridor, confusion, difficulty breathing, low oxygen saturation, smoke debris (especially on face and/or in saliva), burns (especially of the face), singed facial or nose hairs, and/or hoarse voice. (wikipedia.org)
Very little information is available on the health effects in humans or experimental animals after inhalation exposure to methyl mercaptan. (cdc.gov)
however, it is assumed that both inhalation and dermal exposure were probably involved. (cdc.gov)
NIOSH has recommended an exposure limit for silver nanoparticles that is much lower than the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit for normal airborne silver dust OSHA has no specific standard for any engineered nanomaterial, but other standards, like respiratory protection or hazard communication, may apply. (cdc.gov)
Outside of usage in e-cigarette liquids, dermal exposure to PG and glycerol is more common than exposure via inhalation, as most consumer products containing PG and glycerol are liquids or creams. (nih.gov)
Almost all have been treated and released, with most suffering from smoke inhalation and heat exposure. (go.com)
Exposure to these ingredients can come through inhalation, swallowing, or simple absorption through the skin. (vpirg.org)
Inhalation Remove the person from exposure. (masminaturalcotton.eu)
In aerosol sunscreens, both skin exposure and inhalation present risks. (bluegrassinjury.com)
In 2005 however, a more recent study on sheep carried out by researchers from Duke University Medical Center revealed that the moderate exposure to inhalation anesthetic during pregnancy is not harmful to the fetus. (news-medical.net)
According to the Centers for Disease Control, exposure to ricin through inhalation, ingestion or injection can lead to death. (isrealli.org)
Inhalation exposure. (who.int)
A lethal dose of fentanyl can be as low as 2 milligrams and exposure to the opioid can occur through ingestion, inhalation and absorption through skin, according the Drug Enforcement Administration, which has issued warnings to law enforcement on handling possible fentanyl-containing materials. (insideedition.com)
Moreover, induction of skin sensitization may result in subsequent heightened respiratory responsiveness following inhalation exposure. (cdc.gov)
In addition, the observed dose-response relationships and threshold values have been obtained by a wide variety of test methods using different techniques, such as intradermal exposure versus topical or inhalation exposure at the workplace, or using different endpoints, which all appear important for the outcome of the test. (cdc.gov)
LAWRENCE SHEDWICK, MPAS, PA-C, Pittsburgh The CDC recommends post-exposure prophylaxis with both antibiotic treatment and vaccination for individuals exposed to inhalation anthrax. (clinicaladvisor.com)
If F. tularensis were used as a weapon, the bacteria would likely be made airborne for exposure by inhalation. (cdc.gov)
This surveillance case definition refers to any acute adverse health effect resulting from exposure to a pesticide product (defined under the Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act [FIFRA]3) including health effects due to an unpleasant odor, injury from explosion of a product, inhalation of smoke from a burning product, and allergic reaction. (cdc.gov)

Intravenous administration of not performed. (cdc.gov)
Cocaine was given by intravenous administration to human subjects and the concentrations in plasma were measured by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. (erowid.org)
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Anthrasil, Anthrax Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human), to treat patients with inhalational anthrax in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs. (rtmagazine.com)
Editorial Note: Nuclear medicine procedures most often involve the intravenous injection, inhalation, or oral ingestion of radioactive materials (i.e., radiopharmaceuticals or radiotracers) for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. (cdc.gov)
More than 95% of large molecules are administered either through intravenous (IV) infusion or through subcutaneous injection, 4 routes of administration that are highly efficacious yet undesirable to many patients. (biopharminternational.com)
12- 19 Secondly, intravenous administration of VIP has been shown to cause cardiovascular side effects in asthmatic and healthy subjects. (bmj.com)
The most readily available routes of conscious sedation are: oral, inhalation, intravenous and intramuscular. (1stsedationdentist.com)
It was found that MBF can be measured with intravenous administration of H 2 15 O without the requirement for arterial cannulation. (elsevier.com)

ANORO ELLIPTA is an inhalation powder drug product for delivery of a combination of umeclidinium (an anticholinergic ) and vilanterol (a LABA) to patients by oral inhalation. (rxlist.com)
Blister for oral inhalation: 5 mg. (nih.gov)
The oral route of administration (ROA) involves the administration of drug substances through mouth cavity. (technavio.com)
It has been observed that the 13 of total therapeutics for insomnia are being developed for oral administration. (technavio.com)
Therefore, during administration of the drug for nasal symptoms, it might also affect the trachea via oral intake or inhalation. (medsci.org)
Therefore, during administration of the menthol for nasal symptoms, it might also affect the trachea via oral intake or inhalation. (medsci.org)
RELENZA is for administration to the respiratory tract by oral inhalation only. (gafacom.website)
It is important to note that internal use and oral administration are not synonymous concepts, the later generally referring to ingestion of essential oils via the digestive system (Buckle, 2003). (theherbalacademy.com)
In conclusion, it is important to know that there are herbalists and health care providers outside of the United States that are employing the oral administration of essential oils with profound and beneficial results ( de Bonneval and Skipper, 2013 ). (theherbalacademy.com)
Drugs with poor solubility encounter limited transport during oral administration because of low concentration gradient between the gut and the blood vessels. (intechopen.com)
Other routes of delivery such as transdermal, intranasal, inhalation and oral administration are under investigation, but oral delivery is generally considered the optimal route. (pmlive.com)
8) "Compounded sterile product" means a drug that is intended for parenteral administration, an ophthalmic or oral inhalation drug in aqueous format, or a drug or product that is required to be sterile under federal or state law or rule, which is produced through compounding, but is not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. (fl.us)

Inhalation preparations are liquid or solid preparations that dissolve or disperse the raw materials in a suitable medium and administer them to the lungs in the form of vapor or aerosol to exert local or systemic effects. (medicilon.com)
This article first introduces the formulation and development of inhalation aerosol pharmaceutical preparations. (medicilon.com)
Inhalation aerosol is a preparation in which medicine and propellant are co-encapsulated in a pressure-resistant container with a quantitative valve system, and the content is sprayed out as a mist under the pressure of the propellant during use, which is used for lung inhalation. (medicilon.com)
The product's dosage form is aerosol, metered and is administered via respiratory (inhalation) form. (ndclist.com)
The findings can be directed into aerosol therapy functions also, leading to more efficient administrations of drugs via the inhalation route. (epa.gov)
ASPRIHALE® - a patented, dry powder inhalation of ASA delivered through a unique self-administered aerosol - is expected to move from clinical trials to filing with FDA for approval in 2022. (pmi.com)
Building on the company's investment and expertise in aerosol chemistry and physics, device technology, clinical research, and best-in-class preclinical safety and inhalation models, PMI is developing a pipeline focused on inhaled therapeutics for medical and wellness applications. (pmi.com)

The report also offers comprehensive information about the therapeutic assessment of the pipeline molecules based on various segmentations such as therapy, route of administration, by territory, therapeutic modality, and target. (technavio.com)
The translation of the route code submitted by the firm, indicating route of administration. (ndclist.com)
The bronchiectasis market is segmented on the basis of the disease type, severity, type, drugs type, route of administration, end user and distribution channel. (databridgemarketresearch.com)
the resultant dosage form determines the route of administration and the clinical efficacy and safety of the drug. (merckvetmanual.com)
More specifically, FDA's interpretation of this provision is extremely restrictive to mean that as long as the active moiety was either approved or underwent substantial clinical investigation, regardless of dose or route of administration, the ingredient is precluded. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
Thus, Congress should consider amending this part of the statute to specifically state that the article means not simply the presence of the active moiety, but also dosage and route of administration. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
The permitting process emphasizes the level of sedation of the patient rather than the route of administration of the medication. (uthscsa.edu)
However, while convenient for patients, there are a host of challenges which make this route of administration challenging for large-molecule drugs. (pmlive.com)
Important considerations with respect to cannabis toxicity are the pattern of use, dose, route of administration, and degree of tolerance. (sciencecodex.com)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion. (ilo.org)
It is rapidly absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, and dermally, and distributed throughout the body. (masminaturalcotton.eu)

Administer by inhalation using a calibrated FDA-cleared nitric oxide delivery system. (drugs.com)
Objective -To determine whether inhaled nitric oxide (NO) prevents pulmonary hypertension and improves oxygenation after IV administration of a bolus of dexmedetomidine in anesthetized sheep. (avma.org)
The response to inhaled nitric oxide and prone positioning was investigated in 47 patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome to test the hypothesis that inhalation of nitric oxide when in the prone position would result in additive improvement in oxygenation. (asahq.org)
In patients with isolated severe adult respiratory distress syndrome, inhalation of nitric oxide in the prone position significantly improved oxygenation compared with nitric oxide inhalation in the supine position or in the prone position without nitric oxide. (asahq.org)
The combination of the prone position with nitric oxide inhalation in the treatment of severe adult respiratory distress syndrome should be considered. (asahq.org)
Nitric oxide was pulsed into the respiratory tract for 2.5 hours, and then administration was abruptly discontinued. (avma.org)

WARNING: Administration of Nitrous Oxide may be hazardous or contraindicated. (nih.gov)
For use only by or under the supervision of a licensed practitioner who is experienced in the use and administration of Nitrous Oxide and is familiar with the indications, effects, dosages, methods, and frequency and duration of administration, and with the hazards, contraindications and side effects, and the precautions to be taken. (nih.gov)
Anesthesia will be delivered to all participants via inhalation induction with air/nitrous oxide and sevoflurane. (centerwatch.com)
The use of inhalation conscious sedation (nitrous oxide and oxygen) has been a mainstay of sedation techniques in dentistry for generations and still represents the most frequently employed technique. (1stsedationdentist.com)
In the article 'Inhalation Anesthesia-Induced Neuronal Damage and Gene Expression Changes in Developing Rat Brain' published earlier this month in Systems Pharmacology , an open access journal by Versita - Dr. Fang Liu and Dr. Cheng Wang describe the effect of major, commonly used anesthetic compounds - Nitrous Oxide (N2O), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, and isoflurane (ISO) on the developing brain of post-natal rats. (news-medical.net)
This study was carried out to determine whether self-administration by demand valve of 0.25% isoflurane in 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen premixed in cylinders at 13.7 MPa (IN2O) was practical and safe during labour. (elsevier.com)
A licensed dentist in Texas who held an active Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Conscious Sedation permit, Parenteral Sedation permit, or Deep Sedation or General Anesthesia permit on or before the effective date of the new rules had his or her permit automatically reclassified as a Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen Inhalation Sedation permit, Level 3 permit, or Level 4 permit respectively, on June 1, 2011. (uthscsa.edu)
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the most common inhalation anesthetic used in dentistry and has been administered safely in dental offices since the mid-1800s. (docseducation.com)

the administration of a substance by injection or inhalation. (hicksmorley.com)

Systemic toxicity can occur from inhalation of chemical compounds produced as byproducts of combustion in a fire. (wikipedia.org)
Carbon monoxide poisoning is the most common systemic toxicity after smoke inhalation and can cause organ failure from lack of oxygen (often heart attack). (wikipedia.org)
sodium sulfate/?magnesium sulfate/potassium chloride increases toxicity of amikacin liposome inhalation by Other (see comment). (medscape.com)
Information on the inhalation toxicity of acetone to humans is derived from occupational and laboratory studies. (masminaturalcotton.eu)

topical, inhalation, and sublingual administration. (dianewolkstein.com)
Inhalation, topical deposition on the eye surface, and secondary contact are considered the most likely routes of vaccine uptake under spray application, and as such lower vaccine load is presented to the bird when compared to traditional eye-drop administration. (usda.gov)
2) Topical Application: The skin is an amazing absorbent surface, and using essential oils by direct application is a popular method of administration. (doomandbloom.net)

On January 12, 2000, the Food and Drug Administration issued an advisory letter emphasizing that physicians should 1) always consider the possibility of primary or secondary bacterial infection when making treatment decisions for patients with suspected influenza, and to 2) use special caution if prescribing zanamivir to patients with underlying asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (cdc.gov)
They are used to prevent and treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) and other respiratory diseases The preferred method of administration. (medicilon.com)
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -Inhalation of NO did not prevent increases in pulmonary arterial pressures induced by IV administration of dexmedetomidine. (avma.org)
It demonstrated safety and tolerability in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) transitioning from Tyvaso Inhalation Solution. (aarc.org)
Formulations for pulmonary inhalation comprise spherical, porous particles that are 1-3 microns in diameter. (biopharminternational.com)
Long-term improvements involve reformulations to reduce the frequency of administration or to enable less invasive treatment, such as pulmonary inhalation. (biopharminternational.com)
In the workup of inhalation injuries caused by toxic smoke, the primary investigation focuses on the pulmonary system. (medscape.com)
The alveolar gas equation can be used to estimate the efficiency of pulmonary oxygen delivery to the arterial circulation in the presence of supplemental oxygen administration. (medscape.com)
In the event of an attack with biological weapons, would the anthrax vaccine offer protection against pulmonary anthrax, or would rapid administration of antibiotics be more efficacious? (clinicaladvisor.com)
YUPELRI ® inhalation solution is indicated for the maintenance treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (yupelrihcp.com)
Just prior to commencement and at cessation of NO administration, and at intervals during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, several variables including PaO 2 , mean pulmonary artery pressure, venous admixture or pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), and plasma ET-1 concentration were recorded or calculated. (avma.org)
Fluticasone propionate 250 mcg/salmeterol 50 mcg inhalation powder (Advair Diskus 250/50) has been FDA-approved for exacerbation reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a history of exacerbations. (the-hospitalist.org)

See Prescribing Limits under Dosage and Administration. (drugs.com)
The dosage approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is 0.5 mL administered intramuscularly (IM) at 0, 1, and 6 months with boosters at 6 and 12 months after completion of the primary series and at 12-month intervals thereafter. (cdc.gov)
Although self-administration of medication seems to be convenient, a number of factors such as dosage management, and needle stick injuries can make it difficult. (pharmiweb.com)
the incidence generally correlates with dosage, timing of administration, and duration of treatment. (drugs.com)
Estimates of minimum effective dosage were obtained from administration of gradient dilutions of commercially available live F-strain MG vaccine. (usda.gov)

Additionally, with increasing self-injection and self-administration preference among patients, pharmaceutical companies have begun to shift towards subcutaneous injectable drug delivery injections owing to ease of use, patient comfort, compliance, and adherence. (pharmiweb.com)
An E0779 Ambulatory infusion pump, mechanical, reusable, for infusion 8 hours or greater is covered for the administration of subcutaneous immune globulin, Cigna adds. (aapc.com)

Smoke inhalation is the breathing in of harmful fumes (produced as by-products of combusting substances) through the respiratory tract. (wikipedia.org)
Inhalation of chemical toxins produced by combusting materials can cause damage to tissues of both the upper (above larynx) and lower respiratory tract (below larynx). (wikipedia.org)
Inhalation of hot fumes can cause thermal damage to tissues usually limited to the upper respiratory tract (above larynx). (wikipedia.org)
Respiratory (inhalation) - Administration within the respiratory tract by inhaling orally or nasally for local or systemic effect. (ndclist.com)
Inhalation is a particularly effective therapy for treating diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. (inspiration-medical.de)

As an example, acute inhalation MRLs may not be protective for health effects that are delayed in development or are acquired following repeated acute insults, such as hypersensitivity reactions, asthma, or chronic bronchitis. (cdc.gov)
If your cat, dog or horse is diagnosed with asthma, emphysema or another breathing condition, your vet may prescribe Albuterol 0.083% Inhalation Solution 2.5 mg/3 ml to help. (chewy.com)
Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause asthma. (ilo.org)
The effect of Ro 25-1553 given by inhalation to patients with asthma was studied and compared with that of a long acting β 2 adrenoceptor agonist. (bmj.com)
Inhalation of a synthetic selective VPAC 2 receptor agonist constitutes a promising approach for bronchodilation in patients with asthma. (bmj.com)

When respirators are used in workplaces covered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), they are required to be used within an OSHA compliant respiratory protection program (RPP) [1]. (cdc.gov)
It would be advisable to contact OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) to file a complaint against your employer for the hazardous condition which endangers your health. (freeadvice.com)
As per the guidelines of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), injectable must have safety features that are passive and require no intervention by the user-not compromising on the device safety and effectiveness. (pharmiweb.com)
Records from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration indicate the plant had nine violations earlier this year related to exit maintenance and the use of flammable liquids, among other issues. (go.com)
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) investigated the deadly fire but did not publish its findings. (beasleyallen.com)

The 10 mg dose is provided by 2 inhalations (one 5 mg blister per inhalation). (nih.gov)
We suggest that an extended course of high dose corticosteroids should be considered for the treatment of smoke inhalation related ARDS and should be introduced as early as possible to minimize the morbidity and mortality. (hindawi.com)
The fatal dose of menthol in man has been estimated to be about 2g (equivalent to 100ml of the inhalation). (com.bd)
Seek immediate medical attention after administration of the first dose. (pdr.net)
Seek immediate medical attention after administration of the first dose, while continuing to monitor the exposed person. (pdr.net)
The daily dose for internal administration is 10-12 g. (aromatica.hr)
1) "Administration" means the obtaining and giving of a single dose of medicinal drugs by a legally authorized person to a patient for her or his consumption. (flsenate.gov)
In addition, the radiation dose of H 2 15 O protocols is lower than that of C 15 O 2 inhalation. (elsevier.com)
First, the annual intake is determined from the data on radionuclide concentration in the air, and then the dose received from inhalation is calculated. (gov.si)

On Friday, March 18, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Anthim (obiltoxaximab) injection to treat inhalational anthrax in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs. (fda.gov)
Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) has advised the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) of a shortage of tenecteplase (Metalyse) injection that is predicted to extend over the next 18 months. (tga.gov.au)
Moreover, whether an ingredient is administered through digestion, inhalation, or injection may very well impact the safety and efficacy of the ingredient. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
This method was compared with a three-parameter model (no right ventricular cavity spill-over) in both septal and non-septal regions of interest for three different administration protocols: bolus injection of H 2 15 O, infusion of H 2 15 O and inhalation of C 15 O 2 . (elsevier.com)

Although data are lacking on the immune impact of mixing the IM and SC routes of administration, as might occur when switching from PrEP to PEP, switching between routes would be unlikely to adversely impact immunity because both routes provide adequate immunity. (cdc.gov)
To express the DDD several abbreviations are used for units and routes of administration. (whocc.no)
While routes of administration for modern recreational use could lead to unexpected drug accumulation in the blood it is not likely to occur from chewing coca leaves. (erowid.org)
2 These requirements focus on the unique formulation of a drug, its active moiety, and its routes of administration to evaluate the drug's safety and efficacy. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)

10, 11 To reduce systemic side effects a VIP-like bronchodilator should probably be given by inhalation, but must then be resistant to degradation by proteases. (bmj.com)
6) Aerosolized drugs concentrate in the conducting zone of the lung and systemic administrations concentrate in the respiratory zone, since both are colonized, a combination of systemic and nebulized antibiotics is the most helpful. (pediatriconcall.com)

Please note, Albuterol 0.083% (Generic) Inhalation Solution is not an inhaler, and requires a nebulizer machine to administer. (chewy.com)
Notes: The Duke inhaler, a 'draw over' and a nonrebreathing inhaler, allowed for the self administration of anesthesia. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
a U.S. affiliate of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (NYSE and TASE: TEVA) today announced the launch of ProAir ® Digihaler ® (albuterol sulfate 117 mcg) Inhalation Powder, the first and only digital rescue inhaler indicated in patients four years or older for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm who have reversible obstructive airway disease, and for prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). (tevausa.com)
The ProAir ® Digihaler ® inhaler detects, records and stores objective inhaler event data, including timestamp and inhalation characteristics such as peak inspiratory flow. (tevausa.com)
Boehringer Ingelheim has presented data from the ANHELTO 1&2 studies ( NCT01694771 / NCT01696058 ) that evaluated the co-administration of Spiriva HandiHaler (tiotropium bromide inhalation powder) (T) plus Striverdi Respimat (olodaterol) Inhalation Spray (O) inhaler in patients with COPD. (rtmagazine.com)

Preemptive inhalation of NO intensified oxygenation impairment, probably through increases in intrapulmonary shunting. (avma.org)
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance -The improvement in arterial oxygenation during pulsed inhalation of NO to healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses decreased only gradually during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, and serum ET-1 concentration was not affected. (avma.org)

2% for cutaneous anthrax ( 1 ) to 45% for inhalation anthrax ( 2 ) and 92% for anthrax meningitis ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

4 Most recent advancements in drug-delivery technologies related to injectable biologics have focused on devices and technologies that improve safety, patient compliance, and convenience in both administration and storage. (biopharminternational.com)

A 32-year-old white male was admitted to our facility seventy-two hours after inhalation of emissions from a smoke bomb with very severe hypoxemia with an oxygen index of 58. (hindawi.com)
However, for both doses of Ro 25-1553 the bronchodilatory effect was attenuated 5 hours after inhalation whereas formoterol still had a bronchodilatory effect 12 hours after inhalation. (bmj.com)

From analysis of previously published data the absorption half-life t1/2(ab) is approximately 8 min for gastrointestinal and for nasal inhalation absorption. (erowid.org)
Schematic of pharmacokinetics and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion concept (A), and same schematic highlighting interplay between free and bound drug, and pathway from site of administration to site of action (B). (snmjournals.org)
The administration of drugs via inhalation into the lungs is superior to many other methods of delivery because our lungs provide a large surface area for absorption, access to the whole blood volume and comparatively little metabolic activity. (technologynetworks.com)

If the technique involves the administration of a drug, it is termed conscious sedation dentistry. (1stsedationdentist.com)
An advantage of this technique of inhalation conscious sedation is that most people receiving it recover promptly and may be permitted to leave the dental office unescorted and resume normal activities immediately. (1stsedationdentist.com)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved amikacin liposome inhalation suspension ( Arikayce, Insmed) for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease in adults with limited or no alternative treatment options. (medscape.com)

Do not administer RELENZA until 2 weeks following administration of the live attenuated influenza vaccine, unless medically indicated. (nih.gov)
RELENZA ® (zanamivir) Inhalation Powder is indicated for treatment of uncomplicated acute illness due to influenza A and B virus in adults and pediatric patients 7 years of age and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days. (nih.gov)
Improving ventilation can also minimize the inhalation of influenza, COVID-19, and other respiratory viruses that may be circulating. (cdc.gov)
The Food and Drug Administration has approved 'Relenza' (zanamivir for inhalation) produced by GlaxoSmithKline (Research Triangle Park, NC, www.gsk.com ) for the prevention of influenza A and B (seasonal influenza) in adults and children over 5 years of age. (pharmtech.com)

ProAir ® Digihaler ® was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2018 and is a part of Teva's Digihaler ® portfolio, which also includes AirDuo ® Digihaler ® (fluticasone propionate and salmeterol) Inhalation Powder and ArmonAir ® Digihaler ® (fluticasone propionate) Inhalation Powder. (tevausa.com)
In 2018, a federal grand jury returned a seven-count indictment against a Utah man, alleging that he threatened Trump and other administration officials in letters, some of which contained the natural ingredients used to make ricin. (isrealli.org)

This cold receptor agonist has been used as a nasal inhalation solution in the daily life. (medsci.org)

At approximately 3pm, Ahmed was shot by a bullet that went through both his legs as he was in the field assisting a victim of teargas inhalation. (who.int)
I was shot providing care to a guy who was suffering with teargas inhalation. (who.int)
An elderly Palestinian physician died on Tuesday due to the effects of teargas inhalation. (imemc.org)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a relatively delayed complication of smoke inhalation injury caused by chemical fumes inducing an inflammatory response in the lung tissue especially the small air sacs known as alveoli where critical gas exchange occurs. (wikipedia.org)
Inhalation may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on eyes and/or airways have become manifest. (ilo.org)
Using a Peak Flow Meter device showed an improvement in the lung capacity and inhalation ability after inhalation of peppermint aroma [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tests requiring maximal inhalations to total lung capacity are not recommended because the bronchoprotective effect of a deep breath reduces the sensitivity of the test. (ersjournals.com)

Administration of drugs through dry powder inhalation requires a need for a deep understanding of the inherent properties of both active ingredients and the excipients. (maglegroup.com)

Benzodiazepine dependence can occur after administration of therapeutic doses for as few as 1 to 2 weeks and withdrawal symptoms may be seen after the discontinuation of therapy. (pdr.net)
Patients with smoke inhalation should be monitored for 4-6 hours in the ED. Those who are at low risk for injury and whose vital signs and physical examination findings remain normal can usually be discharged with close follow-up and instructions to return if symptoms develop. (medscape.com)

Connect with us for news and updates about treating COPD and prescribing YUPELRI ® (revefenacin) inhalation solution. (yupelrihcp.com)

Victims of smoke inhalation injury can present with cough, difficulty breathing, low oxygen saturation, smoke debris and/or burns on the face. (wikipedia.org)
Instrument, US Food and Drug Administration, and Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) are among the major primary and secondary sources for the chronic cough market included in the report. (researchandmarkets.com)
A18 month female child was admitted for appearance of cough and respiratory distress after one hour from the inhalation of talc powder, accidentally happened during a nappy change. (biomedcentral.com)
For headache, carminative/antispasmodic, and colds/cough through inhalation administration: Apply 1- 6 drops of undiluted essential oil to a handkerchief/tissue and inhale occasionally. (youngliving.com)

The U.S. Fire Administration reported almost 1.3 million fires in 2019 causing 3,704 deaths and almost 17,000 injuries. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment of inhalation injuries caused from toxic smokes is based on clinical presentation and involves primarily supportive care directed at the cardiopulmonary system. (medscape.com)
Smoke inhalation injuries predispose the airways to infection because of cellular injury, reduction of mucociliary clearance, and poor macrophage function. (medscape.com)
This fire left one worker with burn injuries and three firefighters with smoke-inhalation injuries. (beasleyallen.com)

Treatment for smoke inhalation injury is largely supportive with varying degrees of consensus on benefits of specific treatments. (wikipedia.org)
Because a rapid rebound response did not develop, inhalation of NO might be clinically useful in the treatment of hypoxemia in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses. (avma.org)

CBD oil for sleep through sublingual administration usually comes as a tincture. (boutiquetoyou.com)
Sublingual administration of CBD is a common method of consumption. (boutiquetoyou.com)

amikacin liposome inhalation increases effects of abobotulinumtoxinA by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)

What should I Know Regarding Pregnancy, Nursing and Administering FLUTICASONE-SALMETEROL Blister, With Inhalation Device to Children or the Elderly? (webmd.com)
Are you currently using FLUTICASONE-SALMETEROL Blister, With Inhalation Device? (webmd.com)
Packaged in carton containing 5 ROTADISKs (total of 10 doses) and 1 DISKHALER inhalation device. (nih.gov)
We are excited to announce a partnership with Submersible Systems to create a portable inhalation device for administration of NBTX-001. (nobilistx.com)
Industry analysts predict that over the next three to four years the sale of biologics packaged with a device will show higher growth than the same product packaged alone, driven by the market appeal of devices that make administration of biologics easier. (biopharminternational.com)
You can get the Pocket Air inhalation device here. (inspiration-medical.de)

The endogenous neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) inhibits smooth muscle tone in guinea pig airways, both when administered in vitro and when given by inhalation in vivo. (bmj.com)

and oxygen inhalation was started. (cdc.gov)
This inhalation solution is a bronchodilator that can help your pet to breathe better so that he's able to take in more oxygen. (chewy.com)
Alternative therapeutic approaches should be considered in patients known to have diminished oxygen or cardiovascular reserve (e.g. smoke inhalation victims, pre-existing anemia, cardiac or respiratory compromise), and those at higher risk of developing methemoglobinemia (e.g., congenital methemoglobin reductase deficiency) as they are at greater risk for potentially life-threatening adverse events related to the use of sodium nitrite. (rxlist.com)
Airway, ventilatory and circulatory support, and oxygen administration should not be delayed in order to administer sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
After inhalation of peppermint aroma, the nasal airflow force increased, thus the author speculated this effect supply more oxygen to the brain, which could be effective for continuing physical performance. (biomedcentral.com)
Therapeutic procedures include use and administration of oxygen and other medical gases, aerosolization of drugs for inhalation, set up and maintenance of mechanical ventilators (to assist or control ventilation), performance of chest physical therapy maneuvers and certification in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (ccp.edu)
The Respiratory Care Technology program prepares graduates as practitioners in therapeutic procedures which include the use and administration of oxygen and other medical gases, aerosolization of drugs for inhalation, set up and maintenance of mechanical ventilators performance of chest physical therapy maneuvers and certification in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (ccp.edu)

Claims submitted to the jurisdiction C DME MAC for Hizentra administered with a DME infusion pump should be submitted using HCPCS Level II code J7799 NOC drugs, other than inhalation drugs, administered through DME . (aapc.com)

Another route toward easier self-administration of biologics-particularly for drugs available in liquid formulations-is distributing medication in prefilled syringes. (biopharminternational.com)
Prior to the Drug Recognition Expert program being initiated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, it was very difficult to prosecute and prove driving while under the influence of drugs. (duilawyerorangecounty.com)

Albuterol 0.083% Inhalation Solution should be stored in the refrigerator. (chewy.com)

The inhalation method involves using vape pens and smoking. (boutiquetoyou.com)

This substance can be poisoned if taken internally( orally) or by inhalation of its vapors. (masminaturalcotton.eu)

Smoke inhalation can occur from fires of various sources such as residential, vehicle, and wildfires. (wikipedia.org)
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions may occur after administration of YUPELRI. (yupelrihcp.com)

All patients reported "vaping" (i.e., use of e-cigarette devices to aerosolize substances for inhalation) in the weeks and months prior to hospital admission. (cdc.gov)
The solid-state properties of a compound have a big impact on the final product properties because of the presence of individual particles that must aerosolize during inhalation. (maglegroup.com)

Inhalation therapy: This method is also known as "aromatherapy. (backwoodshome.com)
Inhalation therapy was carried out with a pneumatic nebulizer and with a spacer chamber, with aiming to reduce oropharyngeal deposition and increasing distal bronchial deposition. (biomedcentral.com)
The great advantage of inhalation therapy is the efficient and targeted administration of the medication. (inspiration-medical.de)

Remarkably, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has no authority to regulate cosmetics or require product safety testing, despite the fact that these products can contain harmful ingredients that studies have shown to be common pollutants in humans. (vpirg.org)
Just as humans can suffer respiratory effects from inhalation of NH 3 , other livestock are susceptible as well. (msu.edu)

Morbidity and mortality rates in fire victims with burns are increased in those with smoke inhalation injury. (wikipedia.org)
Smoke inhalation injury is the most common cause of death in fire victims. (wikipedia.org)
Fire victims with both burns to their body and smoke inhalation injury have increased mortality rate and length of hospital stay compared to those with burns alone. (wikipedia.org)
Smoke inhalation injury can lead to respiratory complications ranging from minor to major. (wikipedia.org)
Be aware of pertinent historical risk factors when treating patients with potential smoke inhalation injury. (medscape.com)
The most common organisms in secondary pneumonia after smoke inhalation injury are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (medscape.com)

Inhalation - why inhale? (inspiration-medical.de)

Anatomy14

Organisms15

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs93

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment73

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes45

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Health Care16

Geographicals1

GM-CSF-deficient mice are susceptible to pulmonary group B streptococcal infection. (1/4255)

Prolonged eosinophil accumulation in allergic lung interstitium of ICAM-2 deficient mice results in extended hyperresponsiveness. (2/4255)

Hexavalent chromium responsible for lung lesions induced by intratracheal instillation of chromium fumes in rats. (3/4255)

A new model rat with acute bronchiolitis and its application to research on the toxicology of inhaled particulate matter. (4/4255)

An animal exposure system using ultrasonic nebulizer that generates well controlled aerosols from liquids. (5/4255)

A clearance model of inhaled man-made fibers in rat lungs. (6/4255)

Nitrogen dioxide formation during inhaled nitric oxide therapy. (7/4255)

As-required versus regular nebulized salbutamol for the treatment of acute severe asthma. (8/4255)

Administration, Inhalation

Inhalation Exposure

Smoke Inhalation Injury

Burns, Inhalation

Inhalation

Administration, Oral

Aerosols

Lung

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Drug Administration Schedule

Time Factors

Anesthesia, Inhalation

Injections, Intravenous

Powders

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Drug Administration Routes

United States Food and Drug Administration

Administration, Intranasal

Disease Models, Animal

Bronchial Provocation Tests

Rats, Wistar

Asthma

Bronchodilator Agents

Rats, Inbred F344

Albuterol

Injections, Intraperitoneal

Biological Availability

Atmosphere Exposure Chambers

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Particle Size

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Cross-Over Studies

Double-Blind Method

Dry Powder Inhalers

Liver

Injections, Subcutaneous

Air Pollutants, Occupational

Methacholine Chloride

Xenon Radioisotopes

Inhalation Spacers

Forced Expiratory Volume

Bronchoconstriction

Airway Resistance

Half-Life

Respiration

Burns

Dogs

Administration, Topical

Nitrous Oxide

Bronchi

Tissue Distribution

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Bronchial Hyperreactivity

Infusions, Intravenous

Administration, Rectal

Carbon Dioxide

Injections, Intramuscular

Metered Dose Inhalers

Area Under Curve

Air Pollutants

Carboxyhemoglobin

Respiratory Function Tests

Smoke

Drug Interactions

Treatment Outcome

Brain

Respiratory System

Blood Pressure

Organ Size

Body Weight

Rats, Inbred Strains

Nitric Oxide

Isocyanates

Respiratory Therapy

Random Allocation

Administration, Cutaneous

Occupational Exposure

Cromolyn Sodium

Oxygen Inhalation Therapy