AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Administration, OralDrug Administration ScheduleInjections, IntravenousUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationDrug Administration RoutesDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-DawleyTime FactorsAdministration, IntranasalRats, WistarInjections, IntraperitonealDisease Models, AnimalInjections, SubcutaneousAdministration, RectalLiverMice, Inbred C57BLBiological AvailabilityInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, TopicalInfusions, IntravenousHalf-LifeAdministration, IntravenousDrug InteractionsArea Under CurveInjections, IntraventricularMice, Inbred BALB CRats, Inbred StrainsAdministration, CutaneousTissue DistributionDogsDouble-Blind MethodCross-Over StudiesTreatment OutcomeBlood PressureAdministration, SublingualBrainAdministration, InhalationKidneyInfusions, ParenteralBody WeightRandom AllocationBehavior, AnimalDrug ToleranceMorphineRecombinant ProteinsPlant ExtractsInjectionsAnalysis of VarianceInjections, SpinalOrgan SizeMetabolic Clearance RateChromatography, High Pressure LiquidRNA, MessengerRabbitsMice, Inbred ICRLungRats, Inbred F344Analgesics, OpioidSelf AdministrationEthanolHeart RatePregnancyEstradiolMotor ActivityAntineoplastic AgentsDrug CombinationsMice, KnockoutHemodynamicsMice, Inbred StrainsDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalAnalgesicsDrug Therapy, CombinationEnzyme InhibitorsInjections, Intra-ArterialAdministration, BuccalSpleenPiperidinesProdrugsAntibodies, MonoclonalIntestinal AbsorptionBlood GlucoseDrug ApprovalAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug SynergismCocaineNaloxoneEatingUnited StatesDopamineGenetic TherapyNitric OxideCytokinesHydrocortisoneAbsorptionCells, CulturedLipopolysaccharidesImmunohistochemistryDelayed-Action PreparationsInsulinPain Measurement
Administration, Oral
The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.
Drug Administration Schedule
Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.
Injections, Intravenous
Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.
United States Food and Drug Administration
An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
Drug Administration Routes
The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and delivered to the target tissue.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Administration, Intranasal
Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Injections, Subcutaneous
Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.
Administration, Rectal
The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Biological Availability
The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.
Injections, Intramuscular
Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.
Administration, Topical
The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.
Infusions, Intravenous
The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.
Half-Life
The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.
Administration, Intravenous
Delivery of substances through VENIPUNCTURE into the VEINS.
Drug Interactions
The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.
Area Under Curve
A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)
Injections, Intraventricular
Injections into the cerebral ventricles.
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Administration, Cutaneous
The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Dogs
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Double-Blind Method
A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.
Cross-Over Studies
Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Treatment Outcome
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Blood Pressure
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Administration, Sublingual
Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Administration, Inhalation
The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.
Kidney
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Infusions, Parenteral
The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Random Allocation
A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Drug Tolerance
Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.
Morphine
The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Plant Extracts
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Injections
Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Injections, Spinal
Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.
Organ Size
The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Mice, Inbred ICR
Lung
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Rats, Inbred F344
Analgesics, Opioid
Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
Self Administration
Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Heart Rate
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Estradiol
The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.
Motor Activity
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
Antineoplastic Agents
Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.
Drug Combinations
Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Hemodynamics
The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.
Analgesics
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
Drug Therapy, Combination
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Injections, Intra-Arterial
Delivery of drugs into an artery.
Administration, Buccal
Administration of a soluble dosage form between the cheek and gingiva. It may involve direct application of a drug onto the buccal mucosa, as by painting or spraying.
Spleen
An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.
Piperidines
A family of hexahydropyridines.
Prodrugs
A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
Intestinal Absorption
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
Blood Glucose
Glucose in blood.
Drug Approval
Process that is gone through in order for a drug to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required pre-clinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance of the drug.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.
Drug Synergism
The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.
Cocaine
An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
Naloxone
A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.
Eating
The consumption of edible substances.
United States
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Genetic Therapy
Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.
Nitric Oxide
A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Hydrocortisone
The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.
Absorption
The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Delayed-Action Preparations
Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Pain Measurement
Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents
Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Microdialysis
A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.
Dexamethasone
An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Growth Hormone
A polypeptide that is secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, stimulates mitosis, cell differentiation and cell growth. Species-specific growth hormones have been synthesized.
Administration, Intravaginal
The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The dosage forms may include medicated pessaries, irrigation fluids, and suppositories.
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Animals, Newborn
Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.
Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
Body Temperature
The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.
Models, Animal
Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.
Drug Delivery Systems
Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.
Narcotic Antagonists
Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Bile
An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to VETERANS. It was established March 15, 1989 as a Cabinet-level position.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
Phytotherapy
Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal
Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.
Vasodilator Agents
Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.
Pyridines
Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.
Luteinizing Hormone
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.
Piperazines
Neoplasms, Experimental
Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.
Prospective Studies
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Mice, Nude
Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.
Device Approval
Process that is gone through in order for a device to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required preclinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance. It is not restricted to FDA.
Mice, Transgenic
Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
Neoplasm Transplantation
Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Infusion Pumps
Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.
Pyrazoles
Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.
Glucocorticoids
A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.
Regional Blood Flow
The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.
Methamphetamine
A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.
Serotonin
A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.
Diazepam
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.
Corticosterone
An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).
Drug Carriers
Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.
Central Nervous System Stimulants
A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.
Ovariectomy
The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
Hyperalgesia
An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.
Neuroprotective Agents
Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.
Mice, Inbred C3H
Leukocyte Count
The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
A subclass of analgesic agents that typically do not bind to OPIOID RECEPTORS and are not addictive. Many non-narcotic analgesics are offered as NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS.
Intestines
The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.
Haloperidol
A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.
Imidazoles
Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).
Anti-Anxiety Agents
Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.
Indomethacin
A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Brain Chemistry
Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.
Placebos
Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.
Suppositories
Medicated dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body for absorption. Generally, the active ingredients are packaged in dosage forms containing fatty bases such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated oil, or glycerogelatin that are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature.
Hypothalamus
Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.
Adenoviridae
A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.
Iodine Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Nitric Oxide Synthase
An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.
Infusion Pumps, Implantable
Implanted fluid propulsion systems with self-contained power source for providing long-term controlled-rate delivery of drugs such as chemotherapeutic agents or analgesics. Delivery rate may be externally controlled or osmotically or peristatically controlled with the aid of transcutaneous monitoring.
Chorionic Gonadotropin
A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).
Feces
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Narcotics
Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS.
Oxidative Stress
A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).
Clinical Trials as Topic
Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.
Erythropoietin
Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
Hypoglycemic Agents
Substances which lower blood glucose levels.
Rats, Inbred Lew
Endotoxins
Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells.
Sheep
Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.
Immunoglobulin G
The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.
Myocardium
The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.
Nicotine
Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.
Sulfonamides
A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2.
Amphetamine
A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.
Injections, Intradermal
The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, piercing the top skin layer.
Corpus Striatum
Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Intestinal Mucosa
Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.
Indoles
Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

Transbuccal delivery of acyclovir (II): feasibility, system design, and in vitro permeation studies. (1/79)

PURPOSE: To design a buccal mucoadhesive system for systemic delivery of acyclovir using a novel mucoadhesive, copolymers of acrylic acid and poly(ethylene glycol), and to determine the feasibility of transbuccal delivery of acyclovir using this system. METHODS: The buccal delivery system was prepared using an adhesive, a copolymer of acrylic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether monomethacrylate, and an impermeable membrane to prevent excessive washout by saliva and to attain unidirectional release. Acyclovir was loaded into the copolymer film prior to lamination of backing material. In vitro drug release studies were conducted in isotonic McIlvaine buffer solution. Buccal permeation of acyclovir was investigated using porcine buccal mucosa with side-by-side flow through diffusion cells at 37;C. Acyclovir was quantified using HPLC. RESULTS: Buccal permeation of acyclovir from the mucoadhesive delivery system was controlled for up to 20 hours with a time lag (t(lag)) of 10.4 hours and a steady state flux of 144.2 microg/cm(2)/h. With the incorporation of NaGC into the system t(lag) was shortened to 5.6 hours with an enhanced steady state flux of 758.7 microg/cm(2)/h. Sustained delivery of acyclovir across bucccal mucosa using this mucoadhesive system was maintained for up to 22 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The mucoadhesive system of P(AA-co-PEG) was shown to be a good candidate for controlled oral mucosal delivery of acyclovir. Buccal delivery of acyclovir was proven feasible based on in vitro permeation studies.  (+info)

Polymeric films as vehicle for buccal delivery: swelling, mechanical, and bioadhesive properties. (2/79)

PURPOSE: To investigate the suitability of an SCMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol 400/carbopol 934P) and an HPMC (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol 400/carbopol 934P) films as drug vehicle for buccal delivery. METHODS: The mechanical and in vitro bioadhesive strength properties of the films were investigated using texture analyzer equipment, while swelling behavior was studied in different media, namely, distilled water and simulated saliva solution. In addition, the in vivo bioadhesion of the film was studied by estimating the film residence time on buccal mucosa of human volunteers. RESULTS: Increase in carbopol 934P content was found to elevate the elasticity, softness and bioadhesive strength but decrease the strength and degree of swelling of both SCMC and HPMC films. SCMC films swelled more extensively in distilled water while HPMC films in simulated saliva solution. HPMC films exhibited greater in vivo bioadhesion although the in vitro bioadhesive strength was lower than SCMC films. Correlation existed between the in vivo and in vitro bioadhesion data within the polymer, but no rank correlation was observed between the two polymers. CONCLUSION: HPMC films may be preferred over SCMC films as drug vehicle for buccal delivery as the former was tougher, more elastic, more bioadhesive in vivo and swelled in a more tolerable manner in the oral cavity than the latter.  (+info)

Dendritic cells recruitment and in vivo priming of CD8+ CTL induced by a single topical or transepithelial immunization via the buccal mucosa with measles virus nucleoprotein. (3/79)

The buccal mucosa, a prototype of pluristratified mucosal epithelia, contains a network of directly accessible class II(+) epithelial dendritic cells (DC), similar to skin Langerhans cells. We showed that a single buccal immunization with measles virus nucleoprotein (NP), by either topical application onto or intradermal injection in the buccal mucosa, induced in vivo priming of protective class I-restricted specific CD8(+) CTL. Both routes of immunization with NP induced a rapid recruitment of DC into the mucosa, which peaked at 2 h and decreased by 24 h. Treatment of mice with Flt3 ligand resulted in an increased number of DC in the buccal mucosa and enhanced the frequency of IFN-gamma-producing NP-specific effectors and the NP-specific CTL response generated after buccal immunization with NP. Finally, NP-pulsed bone marrow-derived DC induced NP-specific IFN-gamma-producing cells upon adoptive transfer to naive mice. These data demonstrate that a viral protein delivered to DC of the buccal mucosa induces in vivo priming of protective anti-viral CD8(+) CTL.  (+info)

The use of EMLA for an intraoral soft-tissue biopsy in a needle phobic: a case report. (4/79)

A case is reported of the removal of a leaf fibroma from the mucosa of the hard palate using EMLA topical anesthesia as the sole means of pain control.  (+info)

Evaluation of polyoxyethylene homopolymers for buccal bioadhesive drug delivery device formulations. (5/79)

Our objective was to evaluate the application of polyoxyethylene homopolymers in buccal bioadhesive drug (BBD) delivery device formulations. The bioadhesive strength of four different molecular weight (MW) polyoxyethylene polymers was measured by Instron tensile tester using glass plate and bovine sublingual tissue as substrate surfaces. Several BBD device formulations containing polyoxyethylene polymer (MW 7,000,000) were prepared by direct compression and compression molding processes. The prepared BBD devices were evaluated for their elasticity, in vitro adhesion and drug release characteristics. The in vivo bioadhesion characteristics of a placebo compression molded device were examined in 3 adult healthy male beagle dogs. The bioadhesive strength of polyoxyethylene polymers appeared to be directly related to their molecular weights. When bovine sublingual mucosa or a glass plate was used as model mucosal substrate surface, the rank order of bioadhesive strength of different molecular weight polyoxyethylene polymers was similar. The bioadhesive strength of devices prepared by the compression molding process was greater than those prepared by direct compression, but the kinetics of drug release were independent of the process used for the preparation of the devices. The drug release and the bioadhesive strength of the similarly prepared device formulations appeared to be dependent on the drug:polymer ratios. The elasticity of the BBD devices prepared by compression molding was improved by the inclusion of polyisobutylene polymer in the formulations. When adhered to the oral cavity of the dogs, the compression molded placebo BBD device exhibited adhesion for at least 4 hours and appeared to show no signs of local irritation. In conclusion, BBD devices containing polyoxyethylene polymer (MW 7,000,000) can be prepared by direct compression or compression molding process in order to provide controlled drug release to the oral cavity while maintaining appropriate bioadhesive characteristics.  (+info)

Oral transmucosal fentanyl pretreatment for outpatient general anesthesia. (6/79)

The oral transmucosal formulation of fentanyl citrate (OTFC) has been reported to be an effective sedative, providing convenient and atraumatic sedation for children prior to general anesthesia or painful diagnostic procedures. Thirty-three young children (24-60 months of age) scheduled for outpatient general anesthesia for treatment of dental caries were enrolled in this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. To determine the effectiveness of the OTFC premedication, patient behavior was evaluated using three distinct outcome ratings. A sedation score rated behavior in the waiting room prior to OTFC as well as 10 minutes and 20 minutes after OTFC. A separation score rated the child's response to being separated from his/her parent or guardian for transport to the dental operatory. Finally, a cooperation score rated the child's acceptance of the mask induction. The OTFC formulation was well tolerated by most of the children in this study. Compared with the placebo oralet, the active OTFC improved behavior for separation from the parent (P < .05) and cooperation with the mask induction (P < .05). The duration of surgery and the time of recovery did not differ between placebo and active premedication. Side effects including respiratory and cardiovascular complications were reported more frequently in the active fentanyl group. Continuous monitoring of respiratory function is essential when using this unique and effective formulation of fentanyl for pediatric preanesthetic sedation.  (+info)

Phospholipid deformable vesicles for buccal delivery of insulin. (7/79)

To investigate the possibility of the enhancing effect of deformable vesicles on buccal delivery of insulin, two kinds of vesicles with and without the presence of sodium deoxycholate (deformable vesicles and conventional vesicles) were prepared by reverse phase evaporation methods. The liposomal entrapment efficiency was determined by column chromatography. The particle size and morphology of the vesicles were also evaluated. The hypoglycemic effects, insulin concentrations, and residual amounts of insulin deposited in the buccal membrane after buccal administration of insulin vesicles to rabbits were investigated. Compared with subcutaneous administration of insulin solution, the relative pharmacological bioavailability and the relative bioavailability of buccal administration of insulin vesicles were determined. The results showed that the entrapment efficiencies of the deformable and conventional vesicles were 18.87+/-1.78% (n=3) and 22.07+/-2.16% (n=3), respectively. The particle sizes of the deformable and conventional vesicles were 42.5+/-20.5 nm and 59.7+/-33.8 nm, respectively. There were no significant differences in appearance between the two types of vesicle. Compared with subcutaneous administration of insulin solution, the relative pharmacological bioavailability and the relative bioavailability in the insulin-deformable vesicles group were 15.59% and 19.78%, respectively, which were higher than in the conventional insulin vesicles (p<0.05), blank deformable vesicles and insulin mixture groups (p<0.05). Deformable vesicles have an enhancing effect on buccal delivery of insulin and may be a better carrier than conventional vesicles for buccal delivery of protein drugs.  (+info)

Absence of canine oral papillomavirus DNA following prophylactic L1 particle-mediated immunotherapeutic delivery vaccination. (8/79)

In the canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) model, following wart regression, COPV DNA was detected by PCR at the challenge site. However, following particle-mediated immunotherapeutic delivery (PMID) of COPV L1 and subsequent challenge, no COPV DNA could be detected. These data support PMID of COPV L1 as a protective vaccine and suggest that PMID of L1 may induce virus clearance.  (+info)

Buccal administration - WikipediaBuccal administration - Wikipedia
Buccal administration refers to a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ˈbʌkəl/) area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream. Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral administration because the medication does not pass through the digestive system and thereby avoids first pass metabolism. As of May 2014, buccal forms of the psychiatric drug, asenapine; the opioid drugs buprenorphine, naloxone, and fentanyl; the cardiovascular drug nitroglycerin; the nausea medication Prochlorperazine; the hormone replacement therapy testosterone, and nicotine as a smoking cessation aid, were commercially available in buccal forms, as was midazolam, an anticonvulsant, used to treat acute epileptic seizures. Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccal_administration
RJPT - Development and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Buccal Patches of Nifedipine
Mucoadhesive patch releasing the drug in the oral cavity at predetermined rate may present distinct advantages over traditional dosage forms such as tablets, gels and solutions. The present study was concerned with the preparation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal patches of nifedipine as its half life is 2hr and drug has high first pass metabolism. A buccal patch for systemic administration of nifedipine in the oral cavity has been developed using two different mucoadhesive polymers namely HPMC K4M and Carbapol 974. The developed patches were evaluated for the physicochemical, mechanical and drug release characteristics. The formulations were tested for Patch thickness, Surface pH, Folding endurance, Swelling index, Residence time, in vitro drug permeation studies, moisture absorption studies and in vitro bioadhesion studies. The patches showed good mechanical and physicochemical properties to withstand environment of oral cavity. The in-vitro release study showed that patches could deliver drug
https://rjptonline.org/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2011-4-6-13
Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised...Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised...
BACKGROUND Rectal diazepam and buccal midazolam are used for emergency treatment of acute febrile and afebrile (epileptic) seizures in children. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of these drugs. METHODS A multicentre, randomised controlled trial was undertaken to compare buccal midazolam with rectal diazepam for emergency-room treatment of children aged 6 months and older presenting to hospital with active seizures and without intravenous access. The dose varied according to age from 2.5 to 10 mg. The primary endpoint was therapeutic success: cessation of seizures within 10 min and for at least 1 hour, without respiratory depression requiring intervention. Analysis was per protocol. FINDINGS Consent was obtained for 219 separate episodes involving 177 patients, who had a median age of 3 years (IQR 1-5) at initial episode. Therapeutic success was 56% (61 of 109) for buccal midazolam and 27% (30 of 110) for rectal diazepam (percentage difference 29%, 95% CI 16-41). Analysing only initial
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Safety-and-efficacy-of-buccal-midazolam-versus-rec-McIntyre-Robertson/fa738bfde04099a9dbe83cfa6d7917221e02f61e
Physician Finder | Sitavig (acyclovir), 50mg Muco-Adhesive Buccal TabletsPhysician Finder | Sitavig (acyclovir), 50mg Muco-Adhesive Buccal Tablets
There are no available data on Sitavig use in pregnant women. However, published observational studies over decades of use of acyclovir have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. It is not known if Sitavig is excreted in breast milk; however, systemic exposure following buccal administration of acyclovir is minimal. Before administration, discuss if the patient is lactating or planning to breastfeed ...
https://sitavig.com/physician-finder/
Buccal Patches: Boon To Oral Drug Delivery SystemBuccal Patches: Boon To Oral Drug Delivery System
ABSTRACT. Buccal administration of drug provides a convenient route of administration for both systemic and local drug actions. The preferred site for retentive oral transmucosal delivery systems and for sustained and controlled release delivery device is the buccal mucosa. Rapid developments in the field of molecular biology and gene technology resulted in generation of many macromolecular drugs including peptides, proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids in great number possessing superior pharmacological efficacy with site specificity and devoid of untoward and toxic effects. However, the main impediment for the oral delivery of such drugs as potential therapeutic agents is their extensive presystemic metabolism, instability in acidic environment resulting into inadequate and erratic oral absorption. Direct access to the systemic circulation through the internal jugular vein bypasses drug from the hepatic first pass metabolism leading to high bioavailability. The objective of this article ...
http://www.ajptr.com/archive/volume-2/december-2012-issue-6/article-441.html
italy water soluble film,Find italy water soluble film Manufacturers, Suppliers on ECVERY.comitaly water soluble film,Find italy water soluble film Manufacturers, Suppliers on ECVERY.com
italy water soluble film manufacturers and italy water soluble film suppliers Directory - Find italy water soluble film Manufacturers, Exporters and italy water soluble film suppliers on ECVERY.com
http://www.ecvery.com/showroom/italy-water-soluble-film.html
5-Fluorouracil Buccal Tablets for Locoregional Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Formulation, Drug Release and...5-Fluorouracil Buccal Tablets for Locoregional Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Formulation, Drug Release and...
Title: 5-Fluorouracil Buccal Tablets for Locoregional Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Formulation, Drug Release and Histological Effects on Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium and Porcine Buccal Mucosa. VOLUME: 7 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):Libero Italo Giannola, Viviana De Caro, Giulia Giandalia, Maria Gabriella Siragusa, Carlo Paderni, Giuseppina Campisi and Ada Maria Florena. Affiliation:Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32,90123 Palermo, Italy.. Keywords:5-Fluorouracil, Locoregional drug delivery, Porcine buccal mucosa, Reconstituted human oral epithelium, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Buccal tablets. Abstract: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is currently used for treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). 5-FU is given by i.v. although the systemic administration is associated with severe toxic effects and no topical formulations of 5-FU for buccal drug delivery have been reported. In this study we would report the development ...
http://www.eurekaselect.com/71460/article/5-fluorouracil-buccal-tablets-locoregional-chemotherapy-oral-squamous-cell-carcinoma?tracking-code=4
FDA To Change Testosterone Risk on Label | Urology Care Alliance
Going forward testosterone product labels will be required to carry a general warning about the risk of blood clots in the veins. This warning is in addition to current product warnings about the dangers of blot clots for those patients with polycythemia.. The FDA stated it was acting amidst its ongoing cardiovascular risk assessment of testosterone products and on reports of venous blood clots unrelated to polycythemia. This recommendation is unrelated other ongoing investigations and studies related to men taking testosterone products.. The FDA said it will also be taking steps to ensure that the venous clot risk is consistently labeled across all approved testosterone products, which include testosterone topical gel, transdermal patches, buccal administration, and injections.. Patients are encouraged to discuss testosterone products with their physicians to assure the latest information is available.. ...
http://www.urologycarealliance.com/fda-to-change-testosterone-risk-on-label/
DailyMed - NITROSTAT- nitroglycerin tabletDailyMed - NITROSTAT- nitroglycerin tablet
Only the smallest dose required for effective relief of the acute anginal attack should be used. Excessive use may lead to the development of tolerance. Nitrostat tablets are intended for sublingual or buccal administration and should not be swallowed. Severe hypotension, particularly with upright posture, may occur with small doses of nitroglycerin. This drug should therefore be used with caution in patients who may be volume-depleted or who, for whatever reason, are already hypotensive. Hypotension induced by nitroglycerin may be accompanied by paradoxical bradycardia and increased angina pectoris. Nitrate therapy may aggravate the angina caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. As tolerance to other forms of nitroglycerin develops, the effects of sublingual nitroglycerin on exercise tolerance, although still observable, is blunted. In industrial workers who have had long-term exposure to unknown (presumably high) doses of organic nitrates, tolerance rarely occurs. Chest pain, acute myocardial ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b32d82ee-7727-4501-a858-a8304135b11b&audience=consumer
What are the side effects of fentanyl buccal soluble film? | Opiate Agonists - SharecareWhat are the side effects of fentanyl buccal soluble film? | Opiate Agonists - Sharecare
Seek emergency care if you experience signs of an allergic reaction to fentanyl film, which may include: difficulty breathing, hives or rash, swelling
https://www.sharecare.com/health/opiate-agonist/side-effects-fentanyl-buccal-soluble
WJPR | ABSTRACT
Nawal A. Rajab* and Zainab Ahmed Sadeq. ABSTRACT. Drug delivery through buccal mucosa is a novel method for local and systemic treatment because buccal mucosa is permeable with rich blood supply and allow long- time retention of dosage from. The objective of this study is to prepare captopril as mucoadhesive buccal patch by solvent casting method and studying the effect of changing plasticizer type and increasing the drug amount on the physical and mechanical behavior of film and in vitro drug release study .The patch was prepared using hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose K4 (HPMC) as patch forming polymer with secondary polymer (carbopol 934) and propylene glycol as plasticizer (30% of total polymer weight). The patches were prepared by solvent casting method and evaluated for weight variation, surface pH, mechanical properties, content uniformity, ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro drug release study. Formula F5containing HPMC as primary polymer with carbopol 934 as secondary polymer was ...
http://www.wjpr.net/dashboard/abstract_id/6139
Epilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam and Rectal Diazepam - Full Day | Epilepsy Active
Duration: This eight hour course will enable delegates to recognise and have confidence to support people experiencing different seizure types safely with dignity, and recognise the emergency situation and act as appropriate. This training will equip delegates with an understanding of the theory & practice of administering buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam safely according to the individual care plan.. This training facilitates safe, dignified and appropriate administration of this medication providing all the necessary guidelines, policies and procedures are in place and followed.. Assessment of learning is carried out during the course through supervised demonstrations, and questions and answers. It is recommended that following this course employer organisations provide work based assessment and initial supervision of practice.. This course is delivered in line with the current Joint Epilepsy Council Guidelines.. Due to the practical component, places are restricted to 10.. Delegates: This ...
https://www.epilepsyactive.co.uk/Courses/epilepsy-awareness-and-the-administration-of-buccal-midazolam-and-rectal-diazepam-full-day.html
Bioavailability in vivo of naltrexone following transbuccal administration by an electronically-controlled intraoral device: A...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Bioavailability in vivo of naltrexone following transbuccal administration by an electronically-controlled intraoral device: A trial on pigs.. AU - Florena, Ada Maria. AU - Paderni, Carlo. AU - De Caro, Viviana. AU - Giannola, Libero Italo. AU - Campisi, Giuseppina. AU - Göttsche, Thorsten. AU - Schumacher, Axel. AU - Wolff, Andy. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - Naltrexone (NLX), an opioid antagonist, is widely used in the treatment of opiate addiction, alcoholism and smoking cessation. Its current peroral administration induces various adverse side effects and has limited efficacy since bioavailability and patient compliance are poor. The development of a long-acting drug delivery system of NLX may overcome the current drawbacks and help in the improvement of treatment of addiction. The primary endpoints of this study were: a) to compare the NLX bioavailability and pharmacokinetics after delivering a single transbuccal dose, released by a prototype of intraoral device, versus an ...
https://pure.unipa.it/it/publications/bioavailability-in-vivo-of-naltrexone-following-transbuccal-admin-3
Fentanyl Soluble Film - patient information, description, dosage and directions.Fentanyl Soluble Film - patient information, description, dosage and directions.
Description of the drug Fentanyl Soluble Film. - patient information, description, dosage and directions. What is Fentanyl Soluble Film!
http://drugster.info/drug/medicament/9547/
Delivery of Piroxicam With A Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablet: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation | Open Access JournalsDelivery of Piroxicam With A Mucoadhesive Buccal Tablet: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Evaluation | Open Access Journals
Piroxicam (PX) is one of the most potent non-steroidal, antiinflammatory agents which also exhibit anti-pyretic activity in various types of non-rheumatic pains. Although..
https://www.rroij.com/open-access/delivery-of-piroxicam-with-a-mucoadhesive-buccal-tablet-in-vitro-exvivo-and-in-vivo-evaluation-.php?aid=70045
Comparison of the systemic and local pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of clonidine mucoadhesive buccal tablets with...Comparison of the systemic and local pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of clonidine mucoadhesive buccal tablets with...
Radiation Oncology AssociatesRadiation Oncology Associates
Onsolis (fentanyl buccal soluble film) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain.[1]. Pain may be a side effect of cancer treatment or may be caused by the cancer itself. If not adequately managed, pain may have a tremendous effect on quality of life. Many cancer patients with chronic pain receive treatment with an opioid; however, they continue to experience flares of pain referred to as breakthrough pain. Breakthrough pain can become intensely painful within a few minutes, yet an opioid can take up to 30-60 minutes to take effect.. Onsolis delivers a potent opioid drug called fentanyl through an absorbable film that adheres to the inside of a patients cheek. The drug is designed to target pain more quickly. It is currently indicated for the treatment of cancer patients over the age of 18 who have developed a tolerance to opioid therapy.. Onsolis is subject to abuse and was approved with a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy ...
http://radiationoncologyassociates.co/2009/07/28/onsolis-approved-for-breakthrough-pain/
Testosterone Tablets! Hormone Therapy without the Side Effects!Testosterone Tablets! Hormone Therapy without the Side Effects!
Testosterone Tablets! You can get your testosterone without sticking a needle into your gluteus maximus every time you need a fix. Weve proven, without a doubt...
https://www.boost-your-low-testosterone.com/testosterone-tablets.html
Drug alerts for Buccal MidazolamDrug alerts for Buccal Midazolam
Please note 2 drug alerts have recently been issued for Buccal Midazolam by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Thes
http://www.epilepsyscotland.org.uk/index.php?act=viewNews&docId=173
Fentanyl Buccal Tablets
Fentanyl buccal tablets are approved for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. This eMedTV page offers a complete overview of this narcotic medication, including details on when and how to take the tablets, abuse potential, and possible side effects.
http://pain.emedtv.com/fentanyl-buccal-tablets/fentanyl-buccal-tablets-p5.html
What Is the Testosterone Buccal Tablet Used For?
As this eMedTV Web page explains, testosterone buccal tablets are used to help treat low testosterone levels in men. This article offers more detailed information on the uses of this medication, including how it works, who can use it, and more.
https://drugs.emedtv.com/m/testosterone-buccal-tablet/what-is-the-testosterone-buccal-tablet-used-for.html
Buy Buccastem M Buccal Tablets Online | Nausea Relief | My PharmacyBuy Buccastem M Buccal Tablets Online | Nausea Relief | My Pharmacy
Buy Buccastem M Buccal Tablets Online & Other Nausea Relief Treatments | Buy Online From My Pharmacy UK | Fast & Delivery On Orders Over £40.
https://www.mypharmacy.co.uk/product/buccastem-m-buccal-tablets/
Buccal drug delivery systems<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Buccal drug delivery systems. AU - Smart, John. AU - Keegan, Gemma. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - Review of drug dleivery systems used within the oral cavity. AB - Review of drug dleivery systems used within the oral cavity. M3 - Chapter. SN - 9780470253175. SP - 169. EP - 184. BT - Oral controlled release formulation design and drug delivery: theory to practice. A2 - Wen, Hong. A2 - Park, Kinam. PB - John Wiley & Sons. CY - New Jersey. ER - ...
https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/publications/buccal-drug-delivery-systems
Intraoral external oblique ridge compared with transbuccal lateral cortical plate fixation for the treatment of fractures of...
Since the initial description by Michelet et al. and research by Champy et al. the placement of a single, four-hole, monocortical, osteosynthesis plate has been considered an acceptable method of fixation for a fracture of the mandibular angle. We investigated the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the incidence of postoperative removal of an infected plate between miniplates placed on the mandibular external oblique ridge and those placed on the buccal surface of the mandible through a transbuccal approach to treat a fracture of the angle of the mandible. Patients were randomised to having their angle fractures treated with a ridge plate placed intraorally or transbucally. Other variables were investigated including the effect of smoking, drinking alcohol, oral hygiene, and the method of holding the reduction on removal of the plate, occlusal outcome, and degree of preoperative anatomical displacement and postoperative reduction. We also studied the operating time required for the ...
http://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/portal/en/research/intraoral-external-oblique-ridge-compared-with-transbuccal-lateral-cortical-plate-fixation-for-the-treatment-of-fractures-of-the-mandibular-angle
Formulation And Evaluation Of Buccoadhesive Films of Lidocaine HydrochlorideFormulation And Evaluation Of Buccoadhesive Films of Lidocaine Hydrochloride
Buccal delivery is considered the most suitable, easy, and safest route of administration. So it can be used as an alternative route to the peroral route for the systemic administration of drugs. Oral films (OFs) are used as a unique approach, because it dissolves quickly in the mouth and directly reaches to the systemic circulation. The aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate OF of an anaethetic drug lidocaine (LH) and improve its local effect. Oral films were prepared by using chitosan and polyvinylpyrolidone. OFs were assessed for compatibility studies, surface pH, swelling properties, In-Vitro bioadhesion, mechanical properties, disintegration time, dissolution time and in- vitro drug release. It was found that actual LH content in the prepared patch was in the range of 95-105% of the claimed content. The addition of propylene glycol as a plasticizer gave good mechanical properties in concentration of 40%. The prepared oral films swelled and reached an Equilibrium state of swelling. The
https://jabps.journals.ekb.eg/article_70783_0.html
Buccal Drug Delivery System-A Novel Drug Delivery System-Indian JournalsBuccal Drug Delivery System-A Novel Drug Delivery System-Indian Journals
Buccal delivery is defined as drug administration through the mucosal membranes lining the cheeks (buccal mucosa). The main impediment to the use of many hydrophilic macromolecular drugs as potential therapeutic agents is their inadequate and erratic oral absorption. The future challenge of pharmaceutical scientists is to develop effective non-parenteral delivery of intact proteins and peptides to the systemic circulation. Based on our current understanding of biochemical and physiological aspects of absorption and metabolism of many biotechnologically produced drugs, they cannot be delivered effectively through the conventional oral route. Because after oral administration many drugs are subjected to presystemic clearance extensive in liver, which often leads to a lack of significant correlation between membrane permeability, absorption, and bioavailability.
http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:rjst&volume=8&issue=2&article=005
BUCCAL DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES- IBUCCAL DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES- I
The original concept of bioadhesive polymers as platforms for oral controlled drug delivery was to use these polymers to control and to prolong the GI transit of oral controlled delivery systems for all kinds of drugs. Several in vitro and ex vivo methods to test the bioadhesive properties of polymers and/or of coated microparticles have been described. Whereas bioadhesion has found interesting applications for other routes of administration (buccal, nasal, rectal and vaginal), it now seems that the controlling approach of GI transit has been abandoned before having shown any significant clinical outcome. According to in vivo results obtained in animals and in humans, it does not seem that mucoadhesive polymers are able to control and slow down significantly the GI transit of solid delivery systems. Attention should be paid to possible occurrence of local ulcerous side effects due to the intimate contact of the system with mucosa for prolonged periods of time. As an example, oesophageal ...
http://www.drshrutibhat.com/blog/buccal-delivery-of-peptides-i
Effect of spray device actuation on rheological flow behaviour and mucoadhesive strength of placebo nasal formulations -...Effect of spray device actuation on rheological flow behaviour and mucoadhesive strength of placebo nasal formulations -...
Armstrong, Michelle and Bone, Gavin and Boyter, Anne and McInnes, Fiona (2011) Effect of spray device actuation on rheological flow behaviour and mucoadhesive strength of placebo nasal formulations. In: 2011 AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition, 2011-10-23 - 2011-10-27, Washington Convention Centre. (Unpublished) Full text not available in this repository.Request a copy from the Strathclyde author ...
https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/51267/
Galena Biopharma to market anti-vomit oral soluble film to cancer patients | FiercePharmaGalena Biopharma to market anti-vomit oral soluble film to cancer patients | FiercePharma
Galena Biopharma believes that its experienced oncology sales team will enable it to effectively market Zuplenz, the only oral soluble film for preventing vomiting following chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which it will soon offer thanks to a licensing agreement struck with MonoSol Rx, the developer of the products delivery technology.
https://www.fiercepharma.com/drug-delivery/galena-biopharma-to-market-anti-vomit-oral-soluble-film-to-cancer-patients
Patent US7619130 - Multi-layer wound dressing formed as a single unit - Google PatentsPatent US7619130 - Multi-layer wound dressing formed as a single unit - Google Patents
A wound dressing comprising a backing layer, a skin facing layer and an absorbent layer between the backing layer and the skin facing layer, characterised in that at least a part of the absorbent layer is adjacent to the backing layer, the backing layer and the absorbent layer are mutually displaceable, and that the skin facing layer is located at the skin facing surface of the backing layer.
http://www.google.com/patents/US7619130?dq=7069184
China Changzhou Greencradleland Macromolecule Materials Co., Ltd. company profileChina Changzhou Greencradleland Macromolecule Materials Co., Ltd. company profile
China Quality PVA Water Soluble Film and PVA Water Soluble Film and PVA Water Soluble Film suppliers Changzhou Greencradleland Macromolecule Materials Co., Ltd., We are committed to providing high quality products, Which have been sold worldwide at low prices.
https://www.pvawatersolublefilm.com/aboutus.html
JPSBR Vol 5 Issue 3JPSBR Vol 5 Issue 3
performance characteristics as plasticized hydrocolloids, API taste masking agents are being laminated by solvent casting and semisolid casting method. Solvent casting method being the most preferred method over other methods because it offers great uniformity of thickness and ...
http://www.jpsbr.org/volume_5/JPSBR_Vol_5_Issue_3.htm
Articles | International Journal of FarmaciaArticles | International Journal of Farmacia
The objective of the present study was to develop mucoadhesive buccal films of losartan potassium using sodium alginate, chitosan, and their conjugated derivatives at different concentrations by solvent casting technique. Glycerin was used as plasticizer, at different weight ratios. The conjugation of polymers (sodium alginate-cysteine and chitosan-thioglycolic acid) was confirmed by FTIR study. The resulted conjugated sodium alginate and chitosan displayed 475.64±24.31 and 305±31.21 μmol thiol groups per g conjugate, respectively. The developed films were evaluated by different parameters such as weight uniformity, thickness, surface pH, swelling index, in vitro residence time, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro and ex vivo drug permeation. The results indicated that the formulations S5, C4, Cs and Cc showed better characteristic properties and drug permeation. Good results were obtained both in vitro and ex vivo conditions for optimized film. A higher glycerin percent in films increased the ...
http://ijfjournal.com/articles/2017/3/1
Fentanyl buccal tabletFentanyl buccal tablet
Tell your health care provider if your pain does not go away, if it gets worse, or if you have new or a different type of pain. You may develop tolerance to this drug. Tolerance means that you will need a higher dose of the drug for pain relief. Tolerance is normal and is expected if you take this drug for a long time.. Do not suddenly stop taking your drug because you may develop a severe reaction. Your body becomes used to the drug. This does NOT mean you are addicted. Addiction is a behavior related to getting and using a drug for a nonmedical reason. If you have pain, you have a medical reason to take pain drug. Your health care provider will tell you how much drug to take. If your health care provider wants you to stop the drug, the dose will be slowly lowered over time to avoid any side effects.. If you take other drugs that also cause drowsiness like other narcotic pain drugs, benzodiazepines, or other drugs for sleep, you may have more side effects. Give your health care provider a list ...
http://health.valleychildrens.org/RelatedItems/121,80625
Fentora (fentanyl buccal tablet). | PSNetFentora (fentanyl buccal tablet). | PSNet
This announcement provides specific instructions on safe prescribing of a cancer pain medication in response to several patient deaths associated with off-label use.
https://psnet.ahrq.gov/issue/fentora-fentanyl-buccal-tablet
common cold sore myths | Sitavig (acyclovir), 50mg Muco-Adhesive Buccal Tabletscommon cold sore myths | Sitavig (acyclovir), 50mg Muco-Adhesive Buccal Tablets
by Sitavig. Because cold sores are so common, theres a great deal of misinformation about them. Misinformation may be spread through word-of-mouth as well as the Internet. To help separate cold sore facts from fiction, weve assembled a list of common myths about cold sores: 5 ...
https://sitavig.com/tag/common-cold-sore-myths/
A Review of Transbuccal Fentanyl Use in the Emergency DepartmentA Review of Transbuccal Fentanyl Use in the Emergency Department
Pain Research and Treatment is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical focusing on laboratory and clinical findings in the field of pain research and the prevention and treatment of pain. The journal welcomes submissions in the areas of chronic pain, anaesthesia, dentistry and oral medicine, rheumatology, and drug development.
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/prt/2012/768796/cta/
Midatech Pharma - News 2016Midatech Pharma - News 2016
Midatech Pharma US Announces Partnership with R-Pharm US to Co-promote Zuplenz® (ondansetron) oral soluble film and Oravig® (miconazole) orally-dissolving buccal tablet ...
http://www.midatechpharma.com/news-2016
How Oral Soluble Films are helping Caretakers improve medicine adherence - ZIMLABHow Oral Soluble Films are helping Caretakers improve medicine adherence - ZIMLAB
The films are known for their utilitarian aspect in the field of Pediatrics and Geriatrics as they are conducive for intake by the people on different sides of the spectrum. No more fear of swallowing of medicines by kids, old patients or patients with special needs. OSF a real so useful for psychiatric patients and they offer a greater benefit for those with certain disabilities like paralysis. The thin films can be easily administered to non-cooperative patients and there are little chances of the patient spitting it out. They also ensure patient safety and avoid any risk of suffocation or choking.. In cases of patients with excess coughing, asthma, bronchitis, nausea, allergic attack and others, the thin film offers a convenient solution for drug administration. Zim Laboratories with its prolonged research is bringing safer drug delivery systems that are compliance-oriented and rank high on patient convenience and adherence.. ...
https://www.zimlab.in/blog/how-oral-soluble-films-are-helping-caretakers-improve-medicine-adherence/
Patent US6953602 - Pattern coated adhesive article - Google PatentsPatent US6953602 - Pattern coated adhesive article - Google Patents
The invention relates to a adhesive article comprising at least one backing layer with a first and second surface and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered first surface of the backing layer in a pattern, wherein the pattern of the adhesive layer has an adhesive free area of less than about 25% and wherein the adhesive article has a water vapor transmission rate of greater than about 2000 g/m2/24 hour. The invention also relates to a method of forming an adhesive article comprising (a) providing a release liner, (b) applying pressure sensitive adhesive in a pattern wherein the free adhesive area is less than 25%, and (c) applying a backing layer to the pressure sensitive adhesive.
http://www.google.com/patents/US6953602?dq=7,181,690
Advantages and Limitations of Oral Thin Films - ZIMLABAdvantages and Limitations of Oral Thin Films - ZIMLAB
When we talk about medical treatment, doctors and physicians only cover the initial phase of the entire process, albeit an important one. Patients, and by extension their caretakers, need to follow through to make sure that the adherence to medications is followed through.. A lot of failures in treatment are due to non-adherence of medications and thats either because of irresponsible behavior or because of the challenges faced by the patient to follow through on the prescribed medication. In order to avoid this, pharmaceutical innovation is boosting alternative drug delivery methods to make it more convenient.. One such innovation is the Orally Soluble Film.. Forced medication can leave a patient emotionally traumatized. Orally Soluble Film dissolves immediately on contact with saliva when consumed, which is why it doesnt need to be forced down a patients throat. It makes OSF the safest option for medication. Moreover, it doesnt need water for consumption, can be carried around easily, and ...
https://www.zimlab.in/blog/advantages-and-limitations-of-oral-thin-films/
Water Soluble Film Technology | MonoSolWater Soluble Film Technology | MonoSol
Lets collaborate to unleash your product! Our water-soluble film technologies enable innovative, sustainable packaging solutions that dissolve in water.
https://www.monosol.com/
Effect of stiffness of polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane on cell proliferation | [email protected]
Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been fabricated into ultra thin membranes (5 ± 0.01 μm to 30 ± 0.01 μm) for tissue engineering applications by biaxial stretching. However, the traditional solvent casting method raises concerns pertaining toxicity. Heated roll milling technology was included into the fabrication process to achieve a solvent-free biomaterial. The ideal substrate environment that promotes cellular proliferation has been a persistent area of interest in tissue engineering. Other than being biocompatible, the issue of cell proliferation is also important and is hypothesized as a function of the stiffness of the substrate material. This paper reports on experiments carried out to investigate and verify the effect of stiffness of the PCL membrane on fibroblast cell proliferation. Results indicated that 3T3 fibroblasts, belonging to soft tissues, prefer to proliferate in a lower stiffness (0.05 ± 0.01 N/mm) environment, which is closer to its native environment. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. ...
http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/51384
Testosterone (Buccal Route) Precautions - Mayo ClinicTestosterone (Buccal Route) Precautions - Mayo Clinic
This medicine should not be used by women who are pregnant or might become pregnant. Testosterone may cause birth defects if a pregnant woman comes in contact with the medicine. Make sure your doctor knows if your sexual partner is pregnant. If a pregnancy occurs while you are using this medicine, tell your doctor right away. This medicine may increase the risk of prostate cancer, especially in older men. Make sure your doctor knows if you have prostate cancer, or if anyone in your family has prostate cancer. This medicine may cause blood clotting problems. Tell your doctor right away if you have pain, redness, or swelling in the arm or leg, shortness of breath, or trouble breathing. This medicine may increase your risk of having heart or blood vessel problems, including a heart attack or stroke. Tell your doctor right away if you have chest pain that may spread to your arms, jaw, back, or neck, faintness, headache, nausea, vomiting, trouble breathing, trouble seeing or speaking, or unusual ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/testosterone-buccal-route/precautions/drg-20066308?p=1
Maxsize C++ String Substring - Www.cesilie.com
Roles including revenue from $. Good health implications for designing drugs to present at central. Genes, the pharma ag arius. Newly-identified gene discovery infrastructure supporting. Issue of dxs, said: i trial designed more. Grant funding level of canadas leading e-health offering a number. Entered into corporate office decision also excited about arriva-prometic inc. Quantitatively profiles in animal study. Index global life. Nt-probnp, which enables drugs enter and we had the almost maxsize html validator firefox plugin went multimedia chemotherapy. Proliferating viable product in january, have the inability or events. $9,862,565 at this relationship with partners. Generexs buccal delivery device light for pipedreams maxsize reviews formula boats association your and asthma in 2002 the let maxsize matlab tutorial youtube wondering viejo period. Nsclc is believed to differ from and central maxsize matlab simulink training and reductase outside. Delivery technologies and potentially ...
http://www.cesilie.com/wordpress/?sks=8336
Buccal Absorption of Drugs | Springer for Research & DevelopmentBuccal Absorption of Drugs | Springer for Research & Development
The buccal cavity is lined with a mucous membrane which, like the lining of the entire alimentary canal, behaves as a lipoidal barrier to the passage of drugs ( Schanker, 1962). In general, drugs...
https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-65052-9_3
Buy Viagra Soft 50 mg Online Safely - Cao Phong - Nhà thông minhBuy Viagra Soft 50 mg Online Safely - Cao Phong - Nhà thông minh
Tree studies bring about regulation because of happening of pharmacodynamic tol- no diference in efcacy generic Priligy midazolam versus rectal diazepam: No matter what, Buy Viagra Soft 50 mg Online Safely, all authors concluded that the buccal lessness, irritability and aggression, occur much more over way was easier to application and socially more satisfactory in requital for initial treat- in children than in adults. Hypersecretion in the tracheobronchial ment of early repute epilepticus in infancy. A randomized investigation compared buccal midazolam with intrave- To pare down the occurrence of dose-related toxicity, benzodiaz- nous diazepam in 120 children with seizures persisting at coming at epines should be initiated at a inferior dosage in elderly people, and difficulty segment.. Tese Idiosyncratic reactions, including fell rashes and blood dyscra- efects were connected to high inaugural doses and brisk titration. Make use of of benzodiazepines during pregnancy is not con- sidered to ...
https://caophongsmarthome.vn/buy-viagra-soft-50-mg-online-safely.html
News | Infection control rangeNews | Infection control range
The page also includes links to recent online resources and guidelines relating to anaesthesia and critical care providers in relation to Covid-19 including those from WFSA, AAGBI and Public Health England ...
https://www.intersurgical.com/news/read/76281
Preparing for Pandemic Flu: New Infection Control Product Now AvailablePreparing for Pandemic Flu: New Infection Control Product Now Available
Asheville, NC (PRWEB) July 17, 2006 -- With the growing threat of pandemic flu, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reminds everyone that simple
http://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/07/prweb410939.htm
Salbutamol Sulphate (CAS 51022-70-9) Manufacturers, Suppliers & ExportersSalbutamol Sulphate (CAS 51022-70-9) Manufacturers, Suppliers & Exporters
Browse updated listing of salbutamol sulphate (cas 51022-70-9), salbutamol sulphate manufacturers, salbutamol sulphate suppliers and exporters. These salbutamol sulphate manufacturing companies offer high quality products to their clients.
https://www.tradeindia.com/manufacturers/salbutamol-sulphate.html
Greenwich Academic Literature Archive - An integrated buccal delivery system combining chitosan films impregnated with peptide...Greenwich Academic Literature Archive - An integrated buccal delivery system combining chitosan films impregnated with peptide...
Peptide (insulin) loaded nanoparticles (NPs) have been embedded into buccal chitosan films (Ch-films-NPs). These films were produced by solvent casting and involved incorporating in chitosan gel (1.25% w/v), NPs-Insulin suspensions at three different concentrations (1, 3, and 5 mg of NPs per film) using glycerol as plasticiser. Film swelling and mucoadhesion were investigated using 0.01 M PBS at 37 °C and texture analyzer, respectively. Formulations containing 3 mg of NPs per film produced optimised films with excellent mucoadhesion and swelling properties. Dynamic laser scattering measurements showed that the erosion of the chitosan backbone controlled the release of NPs from the films, preceding in vitro drug (insulin) release from Ch-films-NPs after 6 h. Modulated release was observed with 70% of encapsulated insulin released after 360 h. The use of chitosan films yielded a 1.8-fold enhancement of ex vivo insulin permeation via EpiOral™ buccal tissue construct relative to the pure drug. ...
https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/10683/
Prehospital IM midazolam for seizures
Intramuscular midazolam is at least as safe and effective as intravenous lorazepam for the prehospital management of status epilepticus. In his blog EM Literature of Note, Dr Ryan Radecki looks forward to a similar trial comparing nasal midazolam, which would reduce the risk from injections. Read his full critique here. Buccal midazolam 0.5 mg/kg is of course also an option, as described in the Advanced Paediatric Life Support manual:. If using the buccal route, draw up the higher dose (0.5mg) of the IV preparation using a needle (to avoid any fragments of glass from the ampoule) and after removing the needle, inject the drug into the buccal area between the lower bottom lip and the gum margin at the side of the mouth. Buccal midazolam is twice as effective as rectal diazepam, but both drugs produce the same level and degree of respiratory depression.. ...
http://resus.me/prehospital-im-midazolam-for-seizures/
FDA Review: Clobazam Oral Soluble Film for Treating Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome - CURE EpilepsyFDA Review: Clobazam Oral Soluble Film for Treating Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome - CURE Epilepsy
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has accepted for review a New Drug Application for clobazam Oral Soluble Film (clobazam OSF) for adjunctive treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients two years of age or older. The target date for completion of the FDA review is the third-quarter of 2018.. Clobazam OSF is administered using Aquestives PharmFilm drug delivery technology. Similar in size and thickness to a stamp, Aquestives PharmFilm dissolves instantly after being placed on the tongue and can be administered without water.. Two multicenter controlled studies were conducted to evaluate the bioequivalence of clobazam OSF with clobazam tablets, a benzodiazepine currently on market, at the same dosage strengths. Based on the studies, clobazam OSF was demonstrated to be bioequivalent to clobazam tablets and have comparable safety.. ...
https://www.cureepilepsy.org/archives/news/fda-review-clobazam-oral-soluble-film-for-treating-lennox-gastaut-syndrome
Cell-penetrating peptide enhanced insulin buccal absorption
Non-injectable delivery of peptides and proteins is not feasible due to the limitations of large molecular mass, high hydrophilic properties, and gastrointestinal degradation. Therefore, proposing a new method to solve this problem is a burning issue. The objective of this study was to propose a novel protein delivery strategy to overcome the poor efficacy and irritation of buccal insulin delivery. In this study, we applied a conjugate of cell-penetrating peptides (LMWP) and insulin (INS-PEG-LMWP) for buccal delivery. INS-PEG-LMWP was prepared using insulin solution and mixture as references. The transport behaviour, in vivo bioactivity, hypoglycaemic effect, and safety of INS-PEG-LMWP were systematically characterised. An in vitro study demonstrated that the uptake and transportation of INS-PEG-LMWP across buccal mucosal multilayers significantly increased. By comparing the effects of different endocytic inhibitors on INS-PEG-LMWP uptake, the conjugate might be delivered via an energy ...
https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/cellpenetrating-peptide-enhanced-insulin-buccal-absorption
Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Preparation of Mucoadhesive Oral Patches Containing Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Carvacrol for...Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Preparation of Mucoadhesive Oral Patches Containing Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Carvacrol for...
The specific aim of this work was to prepare mucoadhesive patches containing tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol in an attempt to develop a novel oral drug delivery system for the treatment of mouth infections. The bilayered patches were prepared using ethyl cellulose as a backing layer and carbopol 934 as a matrix mucoadhesive layer. Patches were prepared with different loading amounts of tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol. The antimicrobial activity was assessed for the prepared patches using the disc-diffusion method against the yeast Candida albicans and five bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus bronchispti. In this work, we highlighted the possibility of occurrence of a synergistic action between carvacrol and tetracycline. The best formulation was selected based on microbiological tests, drug release, ex-vivo mucoadhesive performance, and swelling index. Physical characteristics of the selected
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/79/1/197
ULTRASONIC PROBE, AND ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS USING THE SAME - Patent applicationULTRASONIC PROBE, AND ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS USING THE SAME - Patent application
0088]More specifically, a new material for reducing the linear expansion coefficient of the backing layer is mixed in the backing layer as thermal effect reducing means for reducing a thermal effect caused by the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the backing layer an the substrate of the cMUT chip. The new material is a third material different from the metal (for example, tungsten, ferrite, Pt, ceramic fine particle, etc.) and the resin (for example, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, rubber, etc.) which constitute the backing layer. The third material is formed of glass-like material containing silica (SiO2) as a main component, and it may be glass fiber or the like, for example. The new material has a linear expansion coefficient of about 0.5 ppm/° C. (in the case of quartz glass) or about 9 ppm/° C. (in the case of general glass), and thus the linear expansion coefficient of the backing layer can be reduced as a whole. The linear ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20100242612
Preparation and Characterization of Salbutamol Sulphate Loaded Ethyl Cellulose Microspheres using Water-in-Oil-Oil Emulsion...Preparation and Characterization of Salbutamol Sulphate Loaded Ethyl Cellulose Microspheres using Water-in-Oil-Oil Emulsion...
The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparations of a highly water/soluble drug, salbutamol sulphate by (water in oil) in oil emulsion technique using ethyl cellulose as the retardant material. Various processing and formulation parameters such as drug/polymer ratio, stirring speed, volume of processing medium were optimized to maximize the entrapment. The release of salbutamol sulphate from ethyl cellulose microsphere was compared and possible release mechanism proposed. Microspheres were prepared by water in oil emulsion technique using acetonitrile/dichloromethane (1:1 ratio) solvent system. Span 80 was used as the dispersing agent and n-hexane was added to harden the microspheres. The prepared microspheres were characterized for their micromeritic properties and drug loading, as well as compatibility by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in-vitro
http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/?_action=articleInfo&article=843
A crossover pharmacokinetic study of misoprostol by the oral, sublingual and buccal routes.A crossover pharmacokinetic study of misoprostol by the oral, sublingual and buccal routes.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of 800 μg oral, sublingual and buccal misoprostol in healthy non-pregnant women. METHODS: This was an open-label, randomised study with a three-way crossover design. Eighteen participants were randomly assigned to treatment sequences of 800 μg oral, sublingual and buccal misoprostol administered under fasting conditions, with a 7-day washout period. Ten participants completed all routes. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters measured were the area under the plasma misoprostol acid concentration-time curve (AUC) from dosing to last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t), the AUC from 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). Secondary parameters included the plasma elimination rate constant (ke), the half-life and the mean residence time (MRT). RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in AUC0-∞, AUC0-t and Cmax at the p | 0.05 level for the three routes of administration.
https://synapse.motherhoodcollectiveimpact.org/resources/1605897f-0386-469a-bf7d-3352fae2b127/a-crossover-pharmacokinetic-study-of-misoprostol-by-the-oral-sublingual-and-buccal-routes
PLGA-PLL/γPGA-EboDNA nanoparticle-encapsulated microneedle patch on PVA/PVP backing layerPLGA-PLL/γPGA-EboDNA nanoparticle-encapsulated microneedle patch on PVA/PVP backing layer
Page contains details about PLGA-PLL/γPGA-EboDNA nanoparticle-encapsulated microneedle patch on PVA/PVP backing layer . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com
http://nano.nature.com/nano/GR-M8789953
Buying Testosterone Pills From Online StoresBuying Testosterone Pills From Online Stores
Erectile dysfunction. Can sildenafil citrate help?. While the famous blue pill can help you with your penile problems, it cannot help you burn fat and boost your depleted muscle mass. The good news is that you can depend on synthetic versions of Testosterone pills to fulfill your dreams. They work on the same principle as natural testosterone and have hardly any side effects. In fact, movie stars and bodybuilders also depend on Testosterone tablets to maintain their physique and slim figure, although they will never reveal this information. If this is not enough, this synthetic hormone also has anti aging properties. Therefore, you can depend on it to regain your youthful looks too. Some of the side effects associated with this hormone include oily skin and mild fluid retention. However, the pros of Testosterone tablets far outweigh its side effects. You can buy Testosterone from online stores, Search Google for Testosterone for sale and you will come up with thousands of results. Exercise ...
http://www.2012hoax.org/best-testosterone-for-sale/
DARA BioSciences Announces U.S. Launch of Oravig(R) (miconazole), the First and Only Orally-Dissolving Buccal Tablet Available...DARA BioSciences Announces U.S. Launch of Oravig(R) (miconazole), the First and Only Orally-Dissolving Buccal Tablet Available...
DARAs Salesforce to Launch Oravig Into Oncology Market, While Marketing Partner, Mission Pharmacal, Launches Into the Primary Care Market; Over 28 Million Prescriptions Filled Annually for Oral Thrush in the U.S.RALEIGH, NC--(Marketwired - October 05, 2015) - DARA BioSciences, Inc. (NASDAQ: DARA), an oncology supportive care specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated...
http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/dara-biosciences-announces-us-launch-oravigr-miconazole-first-only-orally-dissolving-nasdaq-dara-2060963.htm
daidzein β-cyclodextrin complex-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticlesdaidzein β-cyclodextrin complex-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles
Page contains details about daidzein β-cyclodextrin complex-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com
http://nano.nature.com/nano/GR-M3889836
Most recent papers in the journal Journal of Drug Delivery | Read by QxMDMost recent papers in the journal Journal of Drug Delivery | Read by QxMD
In the present study bilayer patch of benzydamine HCl was developed using solvent casting method. Different substrates were attempted like Petri dish, glass-and-ring, and teflon-and-ring for selection of the proper option to formulate patch that should give easily peelable film with adequate mechanical properties. HPMC E15 LV was used in different concentrations for obtaining proper viscosity of solution for pouring on to surface and ring, that it should not leak from ring. The second layer was optimized by using different polymer like eudragit RSPO, eudragit RSPO + EC, and eudragit NE30 D for efficient layer bonding ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/journal/43459
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Breakthrough Pain - Perry Fine - Oxford University PressThe Diagnosis and Treatment of Breakthrough Pain - Perry Fine - Oxford University Press
Breakthrough pain (BTP) is episodic pain that emerges through the treatment of otherwise well-managed chronic background pain. Often called pain flare or transient pain, BTP negatively affects the function and quality of life of the patient and often results in a number of other physical, psychological and social problems. Breakthrough pain is a common occurrence affecting approximately two-thirds of the estimated 50 to 100 million chronic pain sufferers in the US.
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-breakthrough-pain-9780195369045?cc=us&lang=en&%250D%250Afacet_narrowbyproducttype_facet=Digital&facet_narrowbyproducttype_facet=Digital
Breakthrough Pain | ONSBreakthrough Pain | ONS
Breakthrough pain is sudden, brief pain that occurs during a period when chronic pain is generally well controlled (typically, controlled with opiods). Breakthrough pain may happen when the patient is at rest or be related to activity or a change of position. Click here for instructions on navigating the ONS PEP webpages. Have a question about how to apply this PEP topic to your practice? Ask a nurse on ONS staff at [email protected] This topic was updated on March 30, 2017.
https://www.ons.org/practice-resources/pep/pain/breakthrough-pain
Acyclovir (Buccal Mucosa Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicAcyclovir (Buccal Mucosa Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Acyclovir buccal tablet is used to treat the symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection on the lips and around the mouth (cold sores) in adults with normal immune systems. Although this medicine will not cure herpes simplex, it may help the sores to heal faster and relieve some of the pain and discomfort. Acyclovir is an antiviral agent (treats a virus). ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/acyclovir-buccal-mucosa-route/description/drg-20060911
10 Funny Testosterone Therapy Quotes - stock-options-picks.com
While there is no question that the most effective testosterone intend on the marketplace could be superb for your sex life, you need to now that not every hormonal agent therapy is the same. According to both doctor and also actual consumers all over the health article on the internet, all of the testosterone tablets, sprays, oils and creams for sale are no more than cash grubbing rip-offs. Evidently, you should make use of real testosterone injections on the market in order to experience a favorable distinction in your system. Meanwhile, keep away from any testosterone clinics running beyond the United States. That knows just what you could be spending for when our nations strict FDA is not around to confirm a customers total safety? You might end up purchasing pricey salt tablet computers being delivered from Taiwan. Thankfully, it could not be any kind of simpler to benefit from residential testosterone therapy. Simply get in touch with a life changing testosterone clinic today ...
http://socialnetwork.stock-options-picks.com/blogs/viewstory/1918
Acyclovir-Zovirax
Allow the tablet to dissolve in your mouth throughout the day. You may eat and drink normally while the buccal tablet is in place. During the first 6 hours of wearing time: If the tablet falls off or does not stick well, you may replace it with a new tablet. If you accidentally swallow the tablet, drink a glass of water and put a new tablet in place ...
http://medistoreonline.com/buy-acyclovir-zovirax-online.html
Cancer-related Breakthrough Pain - Paperback - Andrew Davies - Oxford University PressCancer-related Breakthrough Pain - Paperback - Andrew Davies - Oxford University Press
Breakthrough pain is a common occurrence in patients with cancer pain, and is often associated with a deleterious effect on daily life, impairing quality of life substantially. It is a heterogeneous condition, and management needs to be individualized.This valuable pocketbook discusses the clinical features of breakthrough cancer pain and the different strategies for management. It covers assessment, treatment, and reassessment.
https://global.oup.com/academic/product/cancer-related-breakthrough-pain-9780198840480?lang=en&cc=hu
Understanding Breakthrough PainUnderstanding Breakthrough Pain
People taking narcotic pain medication around the clock may experience sudden, more intense spikes of pain called breakthrough pain. Contact us today to know more.
https://comprehensivespine.weillcornell.org/about-us/publications/understanding-breakthrough-pain/
breakthrough painbreakthrough pain
Definition of breakthrough pain in US English - (usually in connection with cancer) severe pain that erupts while a patient is already medicated with a long-acting pain
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/breakthrough_pain
Breakthrough Pain: When the Usual Drugs Stop Working | Health.comBreakthrough Pain: When the Usual Drugs Stop Working | Health.com
Breakthrough pain, defined as a severe pain that spikes through controlled chronic pain, usually peaks quickly and lasts for a relatively short period of time-typically up to an hour.
https://www.health.com/condition/pain/breakthrough-pain-when-the-usual-drugs-stop-working
DnBusters Place: Dropps detergent~ Review
Greener for the planet, the Dropps formula has been approved by the EPAs Design for the Environment (DfE) program, which recognizes formulas with safer chemistry. In removing all water from the formula, we have made it so concentrated that we can put the liquid detergent in a water soluble film, which is 100 percent biodegradable. The small, pre-measured pacs allow us to ditch the detergent jug entirely, thereby reducing the plastic used in packaging the product-along with the energy that goes into shipping it. If you were to compare Dropps to traditional laundry detergent, the same amount of wash loads can be shipped in 1 truck carrying Dropps versus 3 trucks carrying traditional jug detergent. The space reduction extends into the home. The product is incredibly lightweight and space efficient; it takes up less space in the laundry room and on the store shelf. Weve taken this one step further and teamed up with TerraCycle® to create an innovative recycling solution for its packaging, making ...
http://www.dnbustersplace.com/2012/03/dropps-detergent-review.html
GlipizidePharma Research Library | Pharma Info IndexGlipizidePharma Research Library | Pharma Info Index
About author *Hindustan Abdul Ahad2, Anuradha CM1*, Abhilash A2, Prabhuraj KJ2, Swapna K2, Anil Kumar K2 1Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Balaji College of Pharmacy, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India * e-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT The present research work was aimed for an innovative study to prepare buccoadhesive tablets of Glipizide and Valdecoxib ... Read More ». ...
https://www.pharmaresearchlibrary.com/tag/glipizide/
Toray Carbon Paper 090, Wet Proofed | KHS Enterprises - Your Online Store
Toray Paper 090 - TGP-H-090 - is a carbon fiber composite paper suitable for use as a catalyst backing layer. It has a total thickness of 280 um (microns). Toray Paper 090 is a great low-cost alternative to conventional woven carbon cloth Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) materials.. Toray carbon paper 090 comes with a standard 5% weight wet proofing. The Teflon gives the carbon material a hydrophobic property to better function as an electrode backing material.. Quantity discounts, custom sizes, and custom wet proofing available upon request. Enquire about this product below.. ...
https://khs-enterprises.com.ph/product/toray-carbon-paper-090-wet-proofed/
US5523197A - Multilayer direct-positive photographic material and process for preparing the same - Google Patents
In order to provide a direct-positive material having low contrast and extended latitude that can be manufactured in a consistent and reproducable way a multilayer direct-positive photographic material is disclosed as well as the process to provide it, characterized by the steps of coating on one side of a support at least two layers of direct positive silver halide emulsions of the externally fogged type, at least one layer of which comprises a mixture of direct positive silver halide emulsions of the externally fogged type and at least one layer of which comprises one or more filter dyes; overcoating said emulsion layers with at least one protective layer; coating on the other side of the support at least one backing layer.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US5523197
Injection pressure limiterInjection pressure limiter
Ultrasound-guided localisation of peripheral nerves provide crucial benefits in regional anaesthesia.1) Nonetheless, it is clear that this does not reduce the incidence of permanent nerve damage.2) Even in combination with nerve stimulation, intrafascicular injections cannot be ruled out.1)3)4)5) With the automatic injection pressure limiter NerveGuard, PAJUNK addresses the preventive position control to avert following damages.. ...
https://pajunk.com/c3view.php?ieb=1576011283&c3p=861&c3l=en
Injection pressure limiterInjection pressure limiter
Ultrasound-guided localisation of peripheral nerves provide crucial benefits in regional anaesthesia.1) Nonetheless, it is clear that this does not reduce the incidence of permanent nerve damage.2) Even in combination with nerve stimulation, intrafascicular injections cannot be ruled out.1)3)4)5) With the automatic injection pressure limiter NerveGuard, PAJUNK addresses the preventive position control to avert following damages.. ...
http://www.pajunk.com/c3view.php?sid=m83i11nbibfVgwwxSinw1RRbvb818fRiwD18w3gB&ieb=1515019441&c3p=861&c3l=en&c3t=1002
Best Diesel Injection Pressure Harness Parts for Cars, Trucks & SUVsBest Diesel Injection Pressure Harness Parts for Cars, Trucks & SUVs
We have the best Diesel Injection Pressure Harness for the right price. Buy online for free next day delivery or same day pickup at a store near you.
https://www.autozone.com/fuel-delivery/diesel-injection-pressure-harness
Transmucosal delivery of testosterone in rabbits using novel bi-layer mucoadhesive wax-film composite disks. | Harvard Catalyst...Transmucosal delivery of testosterone in rabbits using novel bi-layer mucoadhesive wax-film composite disks. | Harvard Catalyst...
Transmucosal delivery of testosterone in rabbits using novel bi-layer mucoadhesive wax-film composite disks. J Pharm Sci. 2002 Sep; 91(9):2016-25 ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/997147
Oramed Enrolls First Patient in its Phase 2a U.S. Oral Insulin Clinical Trial | FiercePharmaOramed Enrolls First Patient in its Phase 2a U.S. Oral Insulin Clinical Trial | FiercePharma
Oramed Enrolls First Patient in its Phase 2a U.S. Oral Insulin Clinical Trial Marks initiation of Orameds first FDA trial for its flagship ORMD-0801 oral insulin product JERUSALEM, July 8, 2013...
https://www.fiercepharma.com/drug-delivery/oramed-enrolls-first-patient-its-phase-2a-u-s-oral-insulin-clinical-trial
SFB Seminar | SFB
Polymers are increasingly employed in restorative dentistry. One of the disadvantages of the early polymeric materials was an increased accumulation of biofilms on their surface. However, modern materials have been significantly improved and feature several options to further influence bioadhesion by modification of their surface properties. The aim of this lecture is to outline the scientific evidence available regarding bioadhesion on dental polymeric materials and to identify options for a continuous improvement of these materials.. ...
https://www.sfb1027.uni-saarland.de/?q=node/387
2011 Abstract Details - SOAP2011 Abstract Details - SOAP
RESULTS: This was a planned interim safety analysis of 50 subjects. Group numbers: A=9, B=8, C=12, D=13, E=6. There were 2 eliminated due to dural puncture and catheter replacement. No difference in demographics or obstetric between groups. No difference in the incidence of pruritis (P=0.83), N/V (P=0.44), or the need for medications for treatment of side effects (P=0.29). The incidence of breakthrough pain (P=0.64) and rate of breakthrough pain (P=0.08) were not significantly different. By Log-rank analysis of the Kaplan-Meier curve, we found that the median times to first analgesic request were significantly different (P=0.02). (See Figure) The ordered median times (minutes) were: B=120±14, E=186±30, D=198±38, A=251±49, C=265±49. DISCUSSION: We can identify two points from this planned interim safety and efficacy analysis. First, we cannot distinguish the placebo group from the treatment groups by the incidence of side effects. Thus the study is safe. Second, we found a difference by ...
https://soap.org/meetings/2011-abstracts-list/2011-abstract-details/?id=155
Microsoft word - policy and procedures for administering medicines
Children taking prescribed medication must be well enough to attend • Only prescribed medication is administered. It must be in-date and • Childrens prescribed medicines are stored in their original containers, are clearly labelled and are inaccessible to the children, where appropriate. • Parents give prior written permission for the administration of medication. The staff receiving the medication must ask the parent to sign a consent form stating the following information. No medication may be given without how the medication should be stored and the expiry date; any possible side-effects that may be expected should be noted; and signature, printed name of parent and date. • All medication is stored safely in a locked cupboard or refrigerated. • If the administration of prescribed medication requires medical knowledge, individual training is provided for the relevant member of staff by a health • If rectal diazepam is given two members of staff must be present. Children who have ...
http://dosingpdf.com/u/uffington.oxon.sch.uk1.html
A mucosa-mimetic material for the mucoadhesion testing of thermogelling semi-solidsA mucosa-mimetic material for the mucoadhesion testing of thermogelling semi-solids
ABSTRACTMucosa-mimetic materials are synthetic substrates which aim to replace animal tissue in mucoadhesion experiments. One potential mucosa-mimetic material is a hydrogel comprised of N-acryloyl-D-glucosamine and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, which has been investigated as a surrogate for animal mu
https://insights.ovid.com/injph/201708070/00009602-201708070-00054
Carbopol 940, Carbopol 940 Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.comCarbopol 940, Carbopol 940 Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com
Carbopol 940, Wholesale Various High Quality Carbopol 940 Products from Global Carbopol 940 Suppliers and Carbopol 940 Factory,Importer,Exporter at Alibaba.com.
http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/carbopol-940.html
Testosterone Buccal System, Mucoadhesive (Striant) | Daviss Drug GuideTestosterone Buccal System, Mucoadhesive (Striant) | Daviss Drug Guide
Find information on Testosterone Buccal System, Mucoadhesive (Striant) in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing implications, mechanism of action, half life, administration, and more. Davis Drug Guide PDF.
https://im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/110695/all/testosterone_buccal_system__mucoadhesive
Chevrolet S10 Blazer Fuel Injection Pressure RegulatorChevrolet S10 Blazer Fuel Injection Pressure Regulator
Discount auto parts, performance parts, & quality genuine replacement dealer parts for domestic and foreign cars. Highest Quality Parts, Lowest Prices.
https://www.carjunky.com/fuel_injection_pressure_regulator~chevrolet~s10_blazer~oemparts.html
FentanylFentanyl
In 2009, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Onsolis (fentanyl buccal soluble film), a fentanyl drug in a new ... "Questions and Answers about Onsolis (fentanyl buccal soluble film)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 16 July 2009. ... "Guideline for administration of fentanyl for pain relief in labour" (PDF). RCP. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March ... "Fentanyl buccal 400 mcg tablets". Fentanyl side effects in detail. Drugs.com (Report). Archived from the original on 16 June ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fentanyl
Estradiol (medication)Estradiol (medication)
Sublingual administration of estradiol was first described in the early 1940s. Buccal estradiol tablets were marketed by ... Estradiol can be taken by a variety of different routes of administration. These include oral, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, ... "Sublingual or buccal administration of steroidal hormones". Postgraduate Medicine. 8 (5): 393-400. doi:10.1080/00325481.1950. ... Sahin FK, Koken G, Cosar E, Arioz DT, Degirmenci B, Albayrak R, Acar M (2008). "Effect of Aerodiol administration on ocular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_(medication)
BuprenorphineBuprenorphine
Therefore, having knowledge of both the route of administration of the drug and the level of tolerance to opioids of the ... It can be used under the tongue (sublingual), in the cheek (buccal), by injection (intravenous and subcutaneous), as a skin ... This limit was increased by the Obama administration, raising the number of patients to which doctors can prescribe to 275. On ... "Drug Enforcement Administration (2005). "Ch. 4 Narcotics: Narcotics Treatment Drugs: Buprenorphine". Drugs of Abuse. U.S. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buprenorphine
Pharmacokinetics of progesteronePharmacokinetics of progesterone
Progesterone has been studied for use by buccal administration. The medication has been marketed in the form of buccal tablets ... However, the duration was short, with levels of less than 5 ng/mL at 6 hours, and re-administration had to be done two or three ... With oral administration, progesterone accounts for less than 20% of the dose in circulation while 5α- and 5β-reduced products ... The clinical dosage of buccal progesterone has been described as 10 to 50 mg/day relative to 5 to 60 mg/day in the case of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics_of_progesterone
25I-NBOMe25I-NBOMe
Common routes of administration include sublingual, buccal, and intranasal. For sublingual and buccal administration, 25I-NBOMe ... "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on ... Drug Enforcement Administration (November 2015). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Extension of Temporary Placement of Three ... "Three More Synthetic Drugs Become Illegal for at Least Two Years". United States Drug
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25I-NBOMe
Inferior alveolar nerve anaesthesiaInferior alveolar nerve anaesthesia
However, depending on technique, the long buccal nerve may not be anesthetized by an IANB and therefore an area of buccal ... Another symptom that can occur is "lingual shock" as the needle passes by the lingual nerve during administration. The patient ... Aker, F. D. (2001). "Blocking the buccal nerve using two methods of inferior alveolar block injection". Clinical Anatomy. 14 (2 ... a buccal block will anesthetize this later tissue area. Another symptom is harmless numbness and tingling of the body of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_alveolar_nerve_anaesthesia
WHO Model List of Essential MedicinesWHO Model List of Essential Medicines
For buccal administration when solution for oromucosal administration is not available. The presence of both 25 mg/5 mL and 30 ... dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin are preferred for oral administration due to better bioavailability. Use in children 41 weeks ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines
25C-NBOMe25C-NBOMe
Buccal, sublingual or insufflated routes of administration are all viable options. Absorption rate buccally and sublingually ... "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Archived from the original on ... Drug Enforcement Administration (2015). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Extension of Temporary Placement of Three ... Thomas M. Harrigan (10 October 2013). "Proposed Rules" (PDF). Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25C-NBOMe
Pharmacokinetics of testosteronePharmacokinetics of testosterone
Testosterone can be used by buccal administration (e.g., brand name Striant). Testosterone can be used by sublingual ... Testosterone can be taken by a variety of different routes of administration. These include oral, buccal, sublingual, ... Rectal administration of testosterone avoids the first-pass effect with oral administration similarly to other non-oral routes ... As a result, it requires administration several times per day in divided doses. Due to its limitations, such as the high doses ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics_of_testosterone
MidazolamMidazolam
Routes of administration of midazolam can be oral, intranasal, buccal, intravenous, and intramuscular. Benzodiazepines require ... Paradoxical reactions are particularly associated with intravenous administration. After nighttime administration of midazolam ... It is not clear whether his death was caused by one or more of the drugs or by a problem in the administration procedure, nor ... Buccal and intranasal midazolam may be both easier to administer and more effective than rectally administered diazepam in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midazolam
ApomorphineApomorphine
Other non-invasive administration routes were investigated as a substitute for parenteral administration, reaching different ... Itin C, Komargodski R, Barasch D, Domb AJ, Hoffman A (April 2021). "Prolonged Delivery of Apomorphine Through the Buccal Mucosa ... IV administration of apomorphine is highly discouraged, as it can crystallize in the veins and create a blood clot (thrombus) ... Toxicity depends on the route of administration; the LD50s in mice were 300 mg/kg for the oral route, 160 mg/kg for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apomorphine
Progesterone (medication)Progesterone (medication)
Buccal progesterone tablets were marketed by Schering under the brand name Proluton Buccal Tablets by 1949. Sublingual ... Administration of as much as 500 mg progesterone by intravenous infusion in humans was uneventful in terms of toxicity, but did ... Routes of administration that progesterone has been used by include oral, intranasal, transdermal/topical, vaginal, rectal, ... Unfer V, Casini ML, Marelli G, Costabile L, Gerli S, Di Renzo GC (2005). "Different routes of progesterone administration and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_(medication)
Oxytocin (medication)Oxytocin (medication)
Buccal: Oxytocin was delivered in buccal tablets, but this is not common practice any more. Under the tongue: Oxytocin is ... Nasal administration: Oxytocin is effectively distributed to the brain when administered intranasally via a nasal spray, after ... Mehta AC (1986). "Buccal and oral drugs: induction of labour". Acta Chirurgica Hungarica. 27 (3): 157-63. PMID 3469841. De ... Also, systemic oxytocin administration can impair memory retrieval in certain aversive memory tasks. However, oxytocin does ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocin_(medication)
Orally disintegrating tabletOrally disintegrating tablet
Food and Drug Administration (36 ed.). Food and Drug Administration. 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2016. Abilify Prescribing ... Tablets designed to dissolve on the buccal (cheek) mucous membrane were a precursor to the ODT. This dosage form was intended ... The first ODT form of a drug to get approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was a Zydis ODT formation of ... However, a fast disintegration time and a small tablet weight can enhance absorption in the buccal area. The first ODTs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orally_disintegrating_tablet
MethyltestosteroneMethyltestosterone
... is also available under the brand names Metandren and Oreton Methyl for use specifically by buccal or sublingual administration ... Circulating levels of methyltestosterone with administration of 1.25 to 2.5 mg/day oral methyltestosterone in women are in the ... 179-. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1. "[email protected]: FDA Approved Drug Products". United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 28 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyltestosterone
Sublingual administrationSublingual administration
Lozenge-effects a metred and patient-controlled-rate combination of sublingual, buccal, and oral administration, as with the ... Multi-purpose tablets-Soluble tablets for either oral or sublingual (or buccal) administration, often also suitable for ... Sublingual administration has certain advantages over oral administration. Being more direct, it is often faster,[quantify] and ... and is used in the Fentora fentanyl buccal tablet. Almost any form of substance may be amenable to sublingual administration if ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublingual_administration
Testosterone (medication)Testosterone (medication)
Testosterone buccal tablets and pellet implants do not appear to be available in Canada. Testosterone and/or its esters are ... The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated in 2015 that neither the benefits nor the safety of testosterone ... Strahm E, Emery C, Saugy M, Dvorak J, Saudan C (December 2009). "Detection of testosterone administration based on the carbon ... The most common route of administration for testosterone is by intramuscular injection. However, it has been reported that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone_(medication)
Lynn WebsterLynn Webster
I Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Buprenorphine Buccal Film and Oral Oxycodone Hydrochloride Administration ... In 2013, it was revealed that the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) had opened an investigation related to overdose deaths ... I Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Buprenorphine Buccal Film and Oral Oxycodone Hydrochloride Administration ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Webster
DNA databaseDNA database
This provides a mechanism for judges to request the offender to provide blood, buccal swabs, or hair samples from DNA profiles ... It has become one of the most powerful tools available to law enforcement agencies for the administration of justice. NDDB ... administration of justice and execution of judicial acts, compulsory state fingerprinting registration, as well as in cases ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_database
Route of administrationRoute of administration
Sublingual and buccal medication administration is a way of giving someone medicine orally (by mouth). Sublingual ... The word "sublingual" means "under the tongue." Buccal administration involves placement of the drug between the gums and the ... Oral administration is often denoted "PO" from "per os", the Latin for "by mouth". The bioavailability of oral administration ... Strictly enteral administration (directly into the intestines) can be used for systemic administration, as well as local ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration
Mental nerveMental nerve
This can be used in surgery of the chin, the lower lip, and the buccal mucosa from midline to the second premolar. In animals, ... it can be used in surgery of the lower lip, and lower teeth anterior to the site of administration. Local anesthetic is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_nerve
MucoadhesionMucoadhesion
This route of administration is used for the therapy of bladder cancer and interstitial cystitis. The retention of dosage forms ... Permeation sites can be separated into two groups: sublingual and buccal, in which the former is much more permeable than the ... Consequently, direct administration through the fibrous tunic is common. This is made difficult due to the numerous defense ... With a 0.1-0.7 mm thick mucus layer, the oral cavity serves as an important route of administration for mucoadhesive dosages. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucoadhesion
SelegilineSelegiline
Buccal administration of selegiline results in 5-fold higher bioavailability, more reproducible blood concentration, and ... Administration of transdermal selegiline bypasses hepatic first pass metabolism. This avoids inhibition of gastrointestinal and ... "Dose linearity study of selegiline pharmacokinetics after oral administration: evidence for strong drug interaction with female ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selegiline
WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for ChildrenWHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children
for buccal administration when solution for oromucosal administration is not available cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and ... flucloxacillin are preferred for oral administration due to better bioavailability. Procaine benzylpenicillin is not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines_for_Children
Yunnan BaiyaoYunnan Baiyao
Multiple routes of drug administration results in varying degrees of efficacy. Topical administration has been shown to have a ... Another study found no significant difference from placebo regarding buccal mucosal bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated ... Oral administration was shown to produce negligible results in laboratory tests. In vitro studies have suggested a theoretical ... In a limited number of human studies of small sample sizes, administration of Yunnan Baiyao has been shown to correlate with " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnan_Baiyao
Nicotine replacement therapyNicotine replacement therapy
They are pre-portioned and are held in the user's lip or cheek allowing for sublingual or buccal delivery of flavors and high ... The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has a list of additional tobacco products they are seeking to regulate, including ... Snus and nasal snuff also allow for nicotine administration outside of tobacco smoking. Nicotine pouches are described as ... "FDA 101: Smoking Cessation Products". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_replacement_therapy
Penetration enhancersPenetration enhancers
Topical administration to the eye is usually characterised by very poor drug bioavailability due to several natural defence ... oral and buccal). They typically penetrate into the biological membranes and reversibly decrease their barrier properties. ... However, this seriously limits the use of skin as a site for drug administration. One of the approaches to facilitate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetration_enhancers
Betel nut chewingBetel nut chewing
In one study (c. 1985), scientists linked malignant tumours to the site of skin or subcutaneous administration of aqueous ... In human populations, they reported observing elevated frequencies of micronucleated cells in buccal mucosa of people who chew ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betel_nut_chewing
Pharmacokinetics of estradiolPharmacokinetics of estradiol
Estradiol can be taken by a variety of different routes of administration. These include oral, buccal, sublingual, intranasal, ... Tullner WW, Young JP, Hertz R (1952). "Administration of Massive Dosage of Oestrogen to Breast and Prostatic Cancer Patients; ... Al-Futaisi AM, Al-Zakwani IS, Almahrezi AM, Morris D (December 2006). "Subcutaneous administration of testosterone. A pilot ... Hertz R, Tullner WW (October 1949). "Intravenous administration of massive dosages of estrogen to the human subject; blood ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacokinetics_of_estradiol
MiconazoleMiconazole
Oravig 50 mg once daily buccal tablet: In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Oravig (miconazole) buccal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miconazole
Infusion pumpInfusion pump
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has launched a comprehensive initiative to improve their safety, called the Infusion Pump ... with the device coded to stop administration before a dose that may cause hazardous respiratory depression is reached. ... and the needed pressure varies with the administration route, potentially causing risk when attempted by an individual not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infusion_pump
Hypodermic needleHypodermic needle
The trend of needle specification for use began in the 1920s, particularly for the administration of insulin to diabetics.[15] ... The onset of World War II spurred the early development of partially disposable syringes for the administration of morphine and ... Hypodermic needles remain essential to large volume administration or exchange in settings of trauma or dialysis. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle
Oral candidiasisOral candidiasis
The most common site of involvement is the commissural region of the buccal mucosa, usually on both sides of the mouth. Another ... depending on the route of administration. Topically administered corticosteroids in the mouth may take the form of mouthwashes ... The greatest quantity of Candida species are harbored on the posterior dorsal tongue, followed by the palatal and the buccal ... Pseudomembraneous candidiasis can involve any part of the mouth, but usually it appears on the tongue, buccal mucosae or palate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis
Periodontal diseasePeriodontal disease
New finger prick tests have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the US, and are being used in dental offices ... Mesiobuccal Mid-buccal Distobuccal Mesiolingual Mid-lingual Distolingual If up to 30% of sites in the mouth are affected, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_disease
Plastic surgeryPlastic surgery
... extraction of the buccal pads Body contouring: the removal of this excess skin and fat from numerous areas of the body, ... Food and Drug Administration. June 2011. Elliott A (2011). "'I Want to Look Like That!': Cosmetic Surgery and Celebrity Culture ... reduction of the mandible angle to smooth out an angular jaw and creating a slim jaw Buccal Fat Extraction: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_surgery
Emergency departmentEmergency department
... or buccal (between cheek and upper gum) glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) (GTN or NTG) will be given, unless contraindicated ... medication administration, foley catheter insertion, and obtaining intravenous access) and also perform splinting of injured ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_department
Necator americanusNecator americanus
This parasite has two dorsal and two ventral cutting plates around the anterior margin of the buccal capsule. It also has a ... The current control strategies include a combination of mass drug administration for children at age 4-6 years to prevent or ... "Clinical Aspects and Treatment of the More Common Intestinal Parasites of Man (TB-33)". Veterans Administration Technical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necator_americanus
Medical abortionMedical abortion
"Mifepristone U.S. Post-Marketing Adverse Events Summary through 12/31/2018". Food and Drug Administration. December 31, 2018. ... Chen MJ, Creinin MD (July 2015). "Mifepristone With Buccal Misoprostol for Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review". Obstetrics ... "Highlights of Prescribing Information, Mifeprex" (PDF). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved October 10, 2019. Medical ... Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This model has been shown to be safe, effective, efficient, and satisfactory. Complete ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_abortion
Hookworm infectionHookworm infection
... hookworm rhabditoform larvae have long buccal cavities whereas Strongyloides rhabditoform larvae have short buccal cavities. ... While annual or semi-annual mass antihelminthic administration is a critical aspect of any public health intervention, many ... Classification can be performed based on the length of the buccal cavity, the space between the oral opening and the esophagus ... Whereas A. duodenale possesses two pairs of teeth, N. americanus possesses a pair of cutting plates in the buccal capsule. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hookworm_infection
MifepristoneMifepristone
In animals, a weak antiandrogenic effect is seen with prolonged administration of very high doses of 10 to 100 mg/kg. In ... Chen MJ, Creinin MD (July 2015). "Mifepristone With Buccal Misoprostol for Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review". Obstetrics ... In 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration approved mifepristone, to end a pregnancy through 70 days gestation (70 days or ... Cunningham PC, McCoy L, Ferguson CD (28 February 1995). "Citizen Petition to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration". Americans ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mifepristone
Pain management in childrenPain management in children
They can be administered as oral, parenteral, buccal, transdermal, nasal or rectal formulations. It is recommended to start at ... For children, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) can be used when parenteral administration is preferred. IV-PCA ... Hobson, Anna; Wiffen, Philip J.; Conlon, Joy A. (2015-02-26). "As required versus fixed schedule analgesic administration for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_management_in_children
Hormone replacement therapyHormone replacement therapy
... buccal, intranasal, and rectal administration, as well as intrauterine devices More recently developed forms of drug delivery ... Oral administration - tablets, capsules Transdermal administration - patches, gels, creams Vaginal administration - tablets, ... Comparisons between routes of administration suggest that when estrogens are applied to the skin or vagina, there is a lower ... The current indications for use from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include short-term treatment of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy
Cone snailCone snail
It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in December 2004 under the name "Prialt". Other drugs are in clinical ... an everted pocket in the posterior wall of the buccal cavity), except the tooth that is currently ready to be used. The radular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_snail
CocaineCocaine
The duration of cocaine's effects depends on the amount taken and the route of administration. Cocaine can be in the form of ... and chewed into a wad that is retained in the buccal pouch (mouth between gum and cheek, much the same as chewing tobacco is ... DNA damage is increased in the brain of rodents by administration of cocaine. During DNA repair of such damages, persistent ... Calipari ES, Ferris MJ, Jones SR (January 2014). "Extended access of cocaine self-administration results in tolerance to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine
Von Willebrand diseaseVon Willebrand disease
Administration of the latter is also associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolic complications.[medical citation ... The location of oral bleeds was as follows: labial frenum, 60%; tongue, 23%; buccal mucosa, 17% and gingiva and palate, 0.5%. ... Desmopressin is also available as a preparation for intranasal administration (Stimate) and as a preparation for intravenous ... and buccal mucosa, 1%. The protocols suggest the use of factor concentrate along with the use of local hemostatic techniques, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Willebrand_disease
Tooth whiteningTooth whitening
The plastic whitening strips contain a thin layer of peroxide gel and are shaped to fit the buccal/labial surfaces of teeth. ... The US Food and Drug Administration only endorses gels that are under 6% hydrogen peroxide or 16% or less of carbamide peroxide ... and buccal mucosa. Prior to proceeding to tooth whitening alternatives, it is advised that the patient comes into the dental ... or oral administration of drugs. Metals can enter the bony structure of the tooth, causing permanent discolouration, or can ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_whitening
ThiomerThiomer
In case of oral administration this 'enzymatic barrier' is even more pronounced as an additional degradation caused by ... Thiomers exhibit properties potentially useful for non-invasive drug delivery via oral, ocular, nasal, vesical, buccal and ... Langoth, N; Kalbe, J; Bernkop-Schnürch, A (2005). "Development of a mucoadhesive and permeation enhancing buccal delivery ... Madgulkar, AR; Bhalekar, MR; Kadam, AA (2017). "Improvement of oral bioavailability of lopinavir without co-administration of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiomer
Microcotyle sebastisMicrocotyle sebastis
There are also two buccal septate suckers at the anterior extremity. The digestive organs include an anterior, terminal mouth, ... Ki Hong Kim & Eun Seok Choi evaluated the oral administration of mebendazole or bithionol for the control of Microcotyle ... with oral administration of mebendazole and bithionol". Aquaculture. 167 (1-2): 115-121. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00300-7. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcotyle_sebastis
ParacetamolParacetamol
According to the US Food and Drug Administration, the drug may cause rare and possibly fatal skin reactions such as Stevens- ... Pickering G, Macian N, Libert F, Cardot JM, Coissard S, Perovitch P, Maury M, Dubray C (September 2014). "Buccal acetaminophen ... Narayan K, Cooper S, Morphet J, Innes K (August 2017). "Effectiveness of paracetamol versus ibuprofen administration in febrile ... US Food and Drug Administration. 14 January 2011. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 23 February 2014. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracetamol
GingivitisGingivitis
Each tooth is divided into four gingival units (mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual) and given a score from 0-3 based on the ... In a 1997 review of effectiveness data, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found clear evidence showing that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivitis
Buccal administrationBuccal administration
... is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ˈbʌkəl/) area (in the ... Sublabial administration Sublingual administration Route of administration Pharmacology Sattar, M; Sayed, OM; Lane, ME (Aug ... Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral ... Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune tolerance ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccal_administration
BenzodiazepineBenzodiazepine
In the community, intravenous administration is not practical and so rectal diazepam or buccal midazolam are used, with a ... In September 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the boxed warning be updated for all benzodiazepine ... In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has categorized benzodiazepines into either category D or X meaning ... However, researchers hold contrary opinions regarding the effects of long-term administration. One view is that many of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine
Buccal administration - WikipediaBuccal administration - Wikipedia
Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ˈbʌkəl/) area (in the ... Sublabial administration Sublingual administration Route of administration Pharmacology Sattar, M; Sayed, OM; Lane, ME (Aug ... Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral ... Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune tolerance ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccal_administration
Precedex, Igalmi (dexmedetomidine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and morePrecedex, Igalmi (dexmedetomidine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Buccal administration. *Place film behind lower lip and close mouth; film will stick in place ... buprenorphine buccal. Monitor Closely (1)dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine buccal both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. ... buprenorphine buccal. dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine buccal both increase sedation. Use Caution/Monitor. ... 120 mcg SL or buccal (BUC) initially *If agitation persists, may give 60 mcg for up to 2 doses at least 2 hr apart; not to ...
http://reference.medscape.com/drug/precedex-igalmi-dexmedetomidine-342932
Appendix: Primary Clinical Questions, Detailed Methods, and Findings for the Systematic and Contextual Evidence Reviews | MMWRAppendix: Primary Clinical Questions, Detailed Methods, and Findings for the Systematic and Contextual Evidence Reviews | MMWR
Food and Drug Administration. Public health advisory: important information for the safe use of Fentora (fentanyl buccal ... up to 2 hours after administration). None of the trials of buccal or intranasal fentanyl was designed to assess longer-term ... In 2007, the Food and Drug Administration released a public health advisory due to case reports of deaths and other life- ... Cost-utility of cognitive behavioral therapy versus U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommended drugs and usual care in the ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/rr/rr7103a1_appendix.htm
DailyMed - BUPRENORPHINE AND NALOXONE film, solubleDailyMed - BUPRENORPHINE AND NALOXONE film, soluble
2.12 Switching Between Sublingual and Buccal Sites of Administration The systemic exposure of buprenorphine between buccal and ... buccal administration) or under the tongue (sublingual administration).. *Take the entire buprenorphine and naloxone sublingual ... Buccal Administration Place one film on the inside of the right or left cheek. If an additional film is necessary to achieve ... for sublingual or buccal administration. IMPORTANT: Keep buprenorphine and naloxone sublingual film in a secure place away from ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=72dc1ec0-7c59-a587-4ffd-c40ef79e6fb2
LSD Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology and EtiologyLSD Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology
LSD is classified as a Schedule I drug by the US Food and Drug Administration, meaning it is considered a narcotic drug with no ... The drug is taken via the buccal or sublingual route, just like LSD. NBOMes are commonly misrepresented as LSD because of their ... After oral administration, the early drug effects of LSD appear after 30-60 minutes. More profound psychoactive effects peak at ... 20] This leads to a biphasic pharmacologic pattern of early serotoninlike effects (15-30 min after administration) and late ...
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1011615-overview
Orange Book: Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations
Dosage Form; Route of Administration: FILM; BUCCAL Strength: EQ 0.2MG BASE Reference Listed Drug: No Reference Standard: No TE ... Dosage Form; Route of Administration: FILM; BUCCAL Strength: EQ 0.4MG BASE Reference Listed Drug: No Reference Standard: No TE ... Dosage Form; Route of Administration: FILM; BUCCAL Strength: EQ 0.6MG BASE Reference Listed Drug: No Reference Standard: No TE ... Dosage Form; Route of Administration: FILM; BUCCAL Strength: EQ 0.8MG BASE Reference Listed Drug: No Reference Standard: No TE ...
https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/ob/results_product.cfm?Appl_Type=N&Appl_No=022266
Fentanyl Buccal (Fentanyl Tablets): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, WarningFentanyl Buccal (Fentanyl Tablets): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Fentanyl Buccal (Fentanyl Tablets) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and ... Fentanyl buccal tablets are an opioid agonist, intended for buccal mucosal administration. Fentanyl buccal tablets are designed ... Important Administration Instructions. [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. *Instruct patients not to take fentanyl buccal tablets ... Following buccal administration of fentanyl buccal tablets, fentanyl is readily absorbed with an absolute bioavailability of 65 ...
https://www.rxlist.com/fentanyl-buccal-drug.htm
Mucodel Pharma Completes Pilot Study of Buccal NaloxoneMucodel Pharma Completes Pilot Study of Buccal Naloxone
There is currently no approved naloxone rescue product with an oromucusol route for administration. FDA formulations of rescue ... Mucodel Pharma announced the completion of a pilot study involving buccal naloxone, a product under development for the ... Mucodel Pharma Completes Pilot Study of Buccal Naloxone. .social-ris-container { display: flex; justify-content: space-between ...
https://www.pharmtech.com/view/mucodel-pharma-completes-pilot-study-buccal-naloxone-0
Testosterone Replacement Therapy: Controversy and TrendsTestosterone Replacement Therapy: Controversy and Trends
Buccal System Striant. 30 mg bid. Apply 1 buccal tablet to gum area above incisor tooth q12h, alternating sides with each ... Prime pump 3 times on 1st administration, then pump once into applicator cup and apply contents to underarms using applicator. ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/920447
Buprenorphine Buccal (chronic pain): MedlinePlus Drug InformationBuprenorphine Buccal (chronic pain): MedlinePlus Drug Information
Buprenorphine Buccal (chronic pain): learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administrations (FDA) ... Do not apply more buprenorphine buccal films, use the buccal films more often, or use the buccal films in a different way than ... Avoid placing the buccal film in areas with open sores.. *Remove the buccal film from the package and hold it with clean, dry ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a616019.html
ShareShare
Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol in cats after intramuscular and buccal transmucosal administration. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69: 1548 ... Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol in cats after intramuscular and buccal transmucosal administration. . Am J Vet Res. 2008. ; 69 ... 6. Robertson SA, Taylor PM & Lascelles BDX, et al. Changes in thermal threshold response in eight cats after administration of ... 21. Maddern K, Adams VJ & Hill NAT, et al. Alfaxalone induction dose following administration of medetomidine and butorphanol ...
https://avmajournals.avma.org/abstract/journals/javma/245/2/javma.245.2.195.xml
JCM | Free Full-Text | Dravet Syndrome-The Polish Familys Perspective StudyJCM | Free Full-Text | Dravet Syndrome-The Polish Family's Perspective Study
No response to rectal diazepam or buccal administration of midazolam was observed in 15/55 (27%) patients. In these cases, ... 2019). It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2018 and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2019 as add ... project administration, J.P., E.E.-W. and T.M.; funding acquisition, J.P. and E.E.-W. All authors have read and agreed to the ... prophylactic administration of ibuprofen before and several days after immunization may minimalize the risk of seizures. Based ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/9/1903/htm
Effect of Buccal Gap Width Following Immediate Implant Placement on the Buccal Bone Wall | PracticeUpdateEffect of Buccal Gap Width Following Immediate Implant Placement on the Buccal Bone Wall | PracticeUpdate
Efficacy of Two Behavioural Management Techniques During Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Administration in Preschool Children Eur ... Effect of Buccal Gap Width Following Immediate Implant Placement on the Buccal Bone Wall. Clinical Implant Dentistry and ... Effect of the buccal gap width following immediate implant placement on the buccal bone wall: A retrospective cone-beam ...
https://www.practiceupdate.com/content/effect-of-buccal-gap-width-following-immediate-implant-placement-on-the-buccal-bone-wall/140815/37/23/1
Publikationen | Universität TübingenPublikationen | Universität Tübingen
PROTEASOME INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF - Yeda Research and Development Co. Ltd.PROTEASOME INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF - Yeda Research and Development Co. Ltd.
For buccal administration, the compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner ... All formulations for oral administration should be in dosages suitable for the chosen route of administration. ... Such notice, for example, may be of labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for prescription drugs or of an ... For transmucosal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such ...
https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2016/0166582.html
Precedex, Igalmi (dexmedetomidine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and morePrecedex, Igalmi (dexmedetomidine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Buccal administration. *Place film behind lower lip and close mouth; film will stick in place ... 120 mcg SL or buccal (BUC) initially *If agitation persists, may give 60 mcg for up to 2 doses at least 2 hr apart; not to ... 120 mcg SL or buccal (BUC) initially. *If agitation persists, may give 60 mcg for up to 2 doses at least 2 hr apart; not to ... Administration. IV Incompatibilities. Y-site: amphotericin B, diazepam. IV Compatibilities. Solution: D5W, LR, 0.9% NaCl, ...
http://reference.staging.medscape.com/drug/precedex-igalmi-dexmedetomidine-342932
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Epithelial cells from the buccal area of the mouth showed a 12-fold increase in micronucleus frequency during the study period ... which was less than the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit of 1 ppm. ... A dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative exposure to formaldehyde and increases in buccal micronuclei in ...
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=schulte&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&B1=Search&whichdate=DP&D1=10&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&EndYear=&PageNo=34&RecNo=331&View=f&
US Patent Application for TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA Patent Application (Application #20140024638...US Patent Application for TREATMENT OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA Patent Application (Application #20140024638...
... or by sublingual or buccal administration. Although it is possible to administer a compound in the form of a bulk active ... The administration in combination may be by administration concomitantly in: (1) a unitary pharmaceutical composition including ... Such sequential administration may be close in time or remote in time. The compounds of the present invention may be used in ... Intravenous administration is the preferred method of injection. Suitable carriers for injection are well known to those of ...
https://patents.justia.com/patent/20140024638
DOSING REGIMENS OF ANTI-ILT4 ANTIBODY OR ITS COMBINATION WITH ANTI-PD-1 ANTIBODY FOR TREATING CANCER - MERCK SHARP & DOHMEDOSING REGIMENS OF ANTI-ILT4 ANTIBODY OR ITS COMBINATION WITH ANTI-PD-1 ANTIBODY FOR TREATING CANCER - MERCK SHARP & DOHME
... of administration refers to a route of administration other than enteral route. Examples of parenteral routes of administration ... Examples of enteral routes include oral, mucosal, buccal, and rectal route, or intragastric route. "Parenteral route" ... The term "enteral route" of administration refers to the administration via any part of the gastrointestinal tract. ... "Co-administration" or "co-administer" as used herein for agents (such as a PD-1 antagonist or anti-ILT4 antibody) means that ...
https://www.sumobrain.com/patents/wipo/Dosing-regimens-anti-ilt4-antibody/WO2022060767A1.html
Fat-Soluble Vitamins - Diet and Health - NCBI BookshelfFat-Soluble Vitamins - Diet and Health - NCBI Bookshelf
Reduction with vitamin A and beta-carotene administration of proportion of micronucleated buccal mucosal cells in Asian betel ... Dose response to intrarectal administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and histopathologic evaluation of the effect of two ... daily intravenous administration of 50 mg of all-rac-dl-tocopheryl acetate with emulsifiers was found to be toxic (Phelps, 1984 ... dietary supplementation with retinol and β-carotene was found to decrease markedly the proportion of micronucleated buccal ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK218749/
Role of modified nasopharyngeal oxygen therapy in apnoeic oxygenation under general anaesthesia: a single-centre, randomized...Role of modified nasopharyngeal oxygen therapy in apnoeic oxygenation under general anaesthesia: a single-centre, randomized...
... controlled trial of buccal RAE tube oxygen administration. Anesth. Analg. 124(4), 1162-1167. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE. ... The oxygen flow rate was 60 L/min, and the ratio of inspired oxygen was 100%. After 2 min of rocuronium administration, the ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-20717-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c0e62850-3408-4b55-ac70-4ef6840b78ea
Male Hypogonadism: Symptoms, Causes And TreatmentMale Hypogonadism: Symptoms, Causes And Treatment
Buccal administration avoids the first-pass metabolism. Drug absorption is not altered by food and beverage. Transient gum ... Peak levels take place within 72 hours of administration. Post-administration, high testosterone levels are achieved. For ... Buccal testosterone tablets, release testosterone in a pulsatile manner. It is akin to an endogenous secretion. The peak ...
https://www.healthresource4u.com/male-hypogonadism.html
QualityCounts.com Newsletter of 4/3/13
In addition, quercetin administration induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and blocked invasion and angiogenesis. We found a ... The Flavonoid Quercetin Modulates the Hallmark Capabilities of Hamster Buccal Pouch Tumors - Nutr Cancer. 2011 Feb 2:1 - ... 2013 Jan 3 - Systemic administration of resveratrol suppressed tumor growth in EG7 thymoma-bearing mice in an IDO-dependent ... Oral administration of blueberry extract represents a potential therapeutic strategy for treating endothelial cell tumors in ...
https://qualitycounts.com/newsletter13/130403.htm
US Patent for Methods for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Patent (Patent # 11,452,724 issued September 27, 2022) -...US Patent for Methods for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Patent (Patent # 11,452,724 issued September 27, 2022) -...
... in a subject through administration of therapeutically effective amounts of agents (e.g., JAK kinase inhibitors (e.g., ... buccal, intrathecal, intracranial, intranasal or topical routes. Alternatively, or concurrently, administration may be by the ... For example, administration may be by parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, transdermal, ... Suitable formulations for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form, ...
https://patents.justia.com/patent/11452724
American Scientific PublishersAmerican Scientific Publishers
In-Situ Gelling Liquid Crystal Mucoadhesive Vehicle for Curcumin Buccal Administration and Its Potential Application in the ... Intravenous Administration in Rats Ting Sun, Gengbo Liu, Lingling Ou, Xiaoli Feng, Aijie Chen, Renfa Lai, and Longquan Shao J. ... Through Oral Administration Jiejun Cheng, Xiaowen Zhou, Wei Zhou, Huawei Wu, Xinyi Zhang, Qing Lu, Jiong Zhu, Qi Feng, Yunqi ...
http://www.aspbs.com/JBN/contents_jbn2019.htm
MucosaMidazolamRectalVaginalTransdermalSubcutaneousIntranasalTabletsAbsorptionFormulationRoute of administratParenteral AdministrationMucosalCavityBioavailabilityNasal and buccalMucoadhesiveBuprenorphine buccalIntravenousFormulationsTabletSublingual deliveryDOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONRoutes of administratInjectionInhalationFentanylMedication administrationTransmucosal administrationAcuteTopicalDoseDrugsSwabMisoprostol administrationAdvantagesCheek and gumTestosterone undecanoateEnteralDeliveryCannabisVoie2020MifepristoneBloodstreamTongueInjectableMedicationsDrug administrationRothPreparations
Mucosa23
  • Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ˈbʌkəl/) area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream. (wikipedia.org)
  • Animals buccal mucosa of the surviving animals. (cdc.gov)
  • However, drugs can also be delivered via other routes, such as the enteral route through tubing in the gastro-intestinal tract, inhalation to the lungs via the mouth or even the topical route via the skin (cutaneous, transdermal) or a mucosa (intranasal, buccal, auricular, ophthalmic, etc). (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • One of our focus areas is buccal/ sublingual delivery which is defined as the administration of pharmaceutically active agents through the buccal/ sublingual mucosa to obtain local or systemic effects. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • Besides, due to the higher overall permeability of the buccal and sublingual mucosa than other mucosa of the mouth, buccal/ sublingual delivery routes become the research focus for drug delivery. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • Considering the release of drugs from the formulation to the buccal/ sublingual area and the pass through the mucosal to the systemic circulation, there are many physiological aspects of the oral cavity involving in this procedure such as pH, fluid volume, enzyme activity and the permeability of oral mucosa. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • Another major physiological barrier of buccal/ sublingual drug delivery is the drug permeability through the oral mucosa. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • In recent years, researchers focus on studying particulates used for buccal mucosa delivery. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • ICNP-loaded ERL formulations were more effective in terms of film performance and insulin permeation through the human buccal mucosa, which indicates that it is a promising delivery system for buccal administration of a peptide such as insulin (Figure 1). (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • Moreover, people also take buccal mucosa as a candidate site for vaccine administration. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • The tablet or pellet containing the drug is placed under the tongue or crushed in the mouth and spread over the buccal mucosa. (pharmacy180.com)
  • For sublingual and buccal administration, 25I-NBOMe is often applied on blotter paper sheets, of which tiny parts (tabs) are retained in the mouth to permit absorption via the oral mucosa. (mushroomrevivalshop.com)
  • Buccal drug delivery has a number of advantages over oral administration: ease of application, good blood supply to the buccal mucosa, drug can enter the systemic circulation directly, avoiding the "first pass effect through the liver", and are not exposed to the acidic environment of the gastric juice and the destructive action of digestive enzymes. (reading.ac.uk)
  • The main beneficiary effect of buccal drug delivery systems is increased bioavailability, easy release pattern, drug targeting, increased residence time in the buccal mucosa, and decreased prime adverse effects 3 . (ijpsr.com)
  • This type of drug delivery system includes delivery of drugs through buccal mucosa to systemic circulation 4, 5 . (ijpsr.com)
  • For targeting systemic circulation via oral mucosa, many types' mucoadhesive polymers are utilized in buccal drug delivery formulations 7 . (ijpsr.com)
  • An alternative of clinical interest is absorption through the buccal mucosa. (everycat.org)
  • Sublingual absorption provides systemic administration by delivering the active ingredients through the highly vascularized buccal mucosa. (zuppclub.com)
  • preparado diluido se sorbos lentos y hasta en la boca para promover la absorción a través de la mucosa oral. (util21.ro)
  • This work utilized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G4.5 as the underlying carrier to construct central nervous system (CNS) therapeutic nanoparticles and explored the buccal mucosa as an alternative absorption site for administration of the dendritic nanoparticles. (mst.edu)
  • The therapeutic dendritic nanoparticles labeled with 5-(aminoacetamido) fluorescein (AAF) were studied for transbuccal transport using a vertical Franz diffusion cell system mounted with porcine buccal mucosa. (mst.edu)
  • Wistar rats were given a total of 36 injuries with ɵ 3 mm punch biopsy of the buccal mucosa. (ugm.ac.id)
  • Evaluating the Potential for Delivery of Irinotecan via the Buccal Route: Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Permeation Assessment Across Porcine Buccal Mucosa. (liu.edu)
Midazolam9
  • and nicotine as a smoking cessation aid were commercially available in buccal forms, as was midazolam, an anticonvulsant, used to treat acute epileptic seizures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently published guidelines from the American Epilepsy Society assert that intramuscular (IM) midazolam has superior effectiveness to IV lorazepam in convulsive status epilepticus patients without IV access, and in children, non-IV midazolam (IM/intranasal [IN]/Buccal) is probably more effective than diazepam (IV/rectal) [1]. (epmonthly.com)
  • If there is no IV access, then non-IV administration, especially IM or IN midazolam is the treatment of choice. (epmonthly.com)
  • Students will receive in-depth knowledge of epilepsy and carry out practical assessments, including the buccal administration of Midazolam. (helmtickets.com)
  • However, transmucosal (buccal and intranasal) midazolam hydrochloride is a less expensive, equally effective, and a more socially acceptable alternative. (uab.edu)
  • Administration of medication used including buccal midazolam and rectal paraldehyde or diazepam. (elideon-training.com)
  • buccal midazolam may be an alternative whenever intravenous or intramuscular application of other benzodiazepines is not possible. (gzipwtf.com)
  • Some supplementary courses, such as buccal midazolam & epilepsy or Epipen & adrenaline auto-injector administration, are 2-hour sessions. (opuspharmserve.com)
  • This course is aimed at staff working with persons diagnosed with Epilepsy who have been prescribed Buccal Midazolam or Buccolam for administration during seizure activity. (dx2training.ie)
Rectal6
  • Rectal, buccal, IN or IM (non-IV) BZD for status epilepticus. (epmonthly.com)
  • Currently, rectal diazepam is the only abortive therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for seizures occurring out of hospital. (uab.edu)
  • Rectal, buccal, and intranasal formulations of benzodiazepines are frequently used in outpatient setting for abortive therapy. (coreem.net)
  • Is HCl so all ROA Common abbreviation for Route Of Administration, used to describe the various different methods of ingesting drugs, including oral, insufflation, sublingual/buccal, rectal, vaginal, intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) injection. (tripsit.me)
  • The 200 microgram tablets are approved for oral use, but there are numerous publications showing the effectiveness of other routes of administration such as vaginal, sublingual, buccal and rectal. (health-articles.net)
  • A viscous solution intended for rectal administration in undergoing investigation. (steroidportal.com)
Vaginal6
  • Producer/patent holder Pfizer, US (formerly Searle) Prostaglandin E1 analogue Tablets, oral, 200 microgram (100 and 50 (vaginal) microgram tablets are available in some countries) Approved indication Prevention and treatment of gastro-duodenal ulcers for patients being treated with NSAIDs Pharmacokinetics after Absorption: rapid oral administration Tmax: 12 ± 3 minutes Terminal half-life: 20-40 minutes. (health-articles.net)
  • All evidence based guidelines recommend the use of misoprostol in various routes of administration: oral, vaginal, sublingual or buccal (5,6,10). (health-articles.net)
  • Misoprostol is given by mouth or by vaginal administration to induce medical abortion (unlicensed indication). (health-articles.net)
  • The combination of oral mifepristone and vaginal, buccal, or sublingual misoprostol is most effective ( 2 ) and should be used when legal and accessible ( 1 ). (obgynkey.com)
  • Vaginal, periurethral, urinary tract and buccal epithelial cells from UTI-prone girls and women have an increased receptivity for adhering uropathogenic E. coli compared to cells of healthy controls. (urologyweb.com)
  • 5 EBOV RNA has also been detected in amniotic fluid, placental tissue, fetal meconium, vaginal secretions, umbilical cord, and buccal swab samples from neonates. (cdc.gov)
Transdermal3
  • For drugs (in suitable dosage forms) that are absorbed from these sites/routes, the same can serve as systemic route of administration, e.g. glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) applied on the skin as ointment or transdermal patch. (pharmacy180.com)
  • Parenteral administration refers to any routes of administration that do not contain drug absorption by way of the GI tract (par = around, enteral = gastrointestinal), adding the IV, intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC or SQ), and transdermal routes . (lemonberrymoon.com)
  • Cost of adding yourshipment to the Easy Protection essentially equivalent to TAM in terms of their can choose among depot injections, subcutaneous implanted pellets, transdermal patches, topical gels, and buccal tablets. (awingsoft.com)
Subcutaneous2
  • Except for intravascular administration, the highest blood levels are obtained following intercostal nerve block and the lowest after subcutaneous administration. (drugs.com)
  • 2021. Comparison of the effects of osmotic pump implantation with subcutaneous injection for administration of drugs after total body irradiation in mice. (awionline.org)
Intranasal1
Tablets19
  • Serious life-threatening and/or fatal respiratory depression has occurred in patients treated with fentanyl buccal tablets, including following use in opioid non-tolerant patients and improper dosing. (rxlist.com)
  • Monitor for respiratory depression, especially during initiation of fentanyl buccal tablets or following a dose increase. (rxlist.com)
  • The substitution of fentanyl buccal tablets for any other fentanyl product may result in fatal overdose [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
  • Due to the risk of respiratory depression, fentanyl buccal tablets are contraindicated in the management of acute or postoperative pain including headache/migraine and in opioid non-tolerant patients [see CONTRAINDICATIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
  • Accidental ingestion of even one dose of fentanyl buccal tablets, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of fentanyl [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
  • Fentanyl buccal tablets must be kept out of reach of children [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
  • The concomitant use of fentanyl buccal tablets with all cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors may result in an increase in fentanyl plasma concentrations, which could increase or prolong adverse reactions and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression. (rxlist.com)
  • Monitor patients receiving fentanyl buccal tablets and any CYP3A4 inhibitor or inducer [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS , DRUG INTERACTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
  • Reserve concomitant prescribing of fentanyl buccal tablets and benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants for use in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. (rxlist.com)
  • Substantial differences exist in the pharmacokinetic profile of fentanyl buccal tablets compared to other fentanyl products that result in clinically important differences in the extent of absorption of fentanyl and that could result in fatal overdose [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION , WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ]. (rxlist.com)
  • When prescribing, do not convert patients on a mcg per mcg basis from any other fentanyl products to fentanyl buccal tablets [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ]. (rxlist.com)
  • testosterone), extended release buccal tablets. (lcgnt.com)
  • The buccal tablets of propranolol formulated, by using different mucoadhesive polymers such as sodium crosscarmilose sodium, PVP K30, and HPMC K15M. (ijpsr.com)
  • There is very challenging task for buccal tablets to maintain their shape, solidarity, and attitude during the application. (ijpsr.com)
  • Precise dosing control and visually seen during the treatment can be achieved by buccal tablets. (ijpsr.com)
  • Direct compression method for buccal tablets formulation can be used because it is very easy method, economically good and less time consuming 8 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Buccal tablets of propranolol may be best option to treat hypertension as well as migraine 9 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Each dosage form may also have a number of specialized forms such as extended-release, buccal, dispersible and chewable tablets. (jeffreycscott.com)
  • A. Immediate release tablets: The tablet is intended to release rapidly after administration, or the tablet is dissolved and administered as solution. (gpattestonline.com)
Absorption7
  • Many studies have demonstrated that the predominant mechanism for buccal absorption is passive diffusion across lipid membranes via either the paracellular or transcellular pathways. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • Information derived from diverse formulations, concentrations and usages reveals that lidocaine is completely absorbed following parenteral administration, its rate of absorption depending, for example, upon various factors such as the site of administration and the presence or absence of a vasoconstrictor agent. (drugs.com)
  • CBD by British Cannabis™ CBD Concentrated Extract is in an easy to use the oral applicator for buccal administration (absorption via the cheek or gum) with incremental milligram markings for delivery of an exact dosage of CBD. (loxabeauty.com)
  • Unfortunately, they are expected to have a short duration of action after oral administration, because of the so-called first-pass effect Indeed, absorption through the gastrointestinal system results in delivery of the drug to the liver, which inactivates a large fraction of the drug. (everycat.org)
  • Sublingual administration of medications or drugs promotes absorption through the mucous membranes under the tongue. (cbdoil.blog)
  • The innovative buccal delivery system provides rapid absorption and high bioavailability. (cannaqix.com)
  • Use of the buccal delivery system: fast absorption and high bioavailability (Huestis 2007). (cannaqix.com)
Formulation5
  • Depending on the route of administration, the formulation and the dosage, a delivery device may be needed to properly administer the drug. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc. has announced the approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a Supplemental New Drug Application (sNDA) for a new formulation of ONSOLIS® (fentanyl buccal soluble film) CII for the management of breakthrough pain in patients with cancer who are opioid tolerant. (technologynetworks.com)
  • For the development of these type buccal drug delivery formulations, mucoadhesion of the formulation is a prime element. (ijpsr.com)
  • On May 14, 2014, Cynapsus announced no irritation was observed when testing the APL-130277 sublingual apomorphine formulation in a 28-day buccal mucosal irritation model in hamsters, either macroscopically (clinician observation of oral cavity) or microscopically. (cynapsus.ca)
  • Effects of Formulation and Route of Administration on the Systemic Availability of Ex-RAD, a New Radioprotectant, in Preclinical Species. (liu.edu)
Route of administrat15
  • Whichever route of administration you choose, it's good to formulate an intention of why you are using it and what you are trying to achieve by doing so. (dmt-nexus.me)
  • In fact, your overall cannabis experience hangs on the route of administration. (tillmanstranquils.com)
  • This new, non-invasive route of administration has efficacy comparable to an intravenous injection. (unither-pharma.com)
  • Taken under the tongue, this route of administration is referred to as sublingual or buccal administration. (acuteonchronic.com)
  • What is the first line treatment and route of administration for status epilepticus? (gzipwtf.com)
  • Advantages associated with buccal drug delivery have rendered this route of administration useful for a variety of drugs. (wjpr.net)
  • The route of administration has great influence on this. (touchneurology.com)
  • Related keywords: dosage form slideshare, dosage form ppt, importance of dosage form, dosage form definition fda, bulk dosage form, classification of dosage forms based on route of administration, Pharmaceutical dosage form. (jeffreycscott.com)
  • An in-depth analysis of the global ADDS market includes historical data and market projections on sales by product type, application, route of administration, drug mechanism and region. (jsbmarketresearch.com)
  • This ADDS report also covers the route of administration of a drug delivery system as well as the source of a carrier mechanism for drug delivery. (jsbmarketresearch.com)
  • Recommandations de bonne pratique - Interruption volontaire de grossesse par méthode médicamenteuse, 2010, Haute Autorité de santé, Paris The recommendations on dose and route of administration when used for medical abortion in the first and second trimester and for cervical priming prior to surgical abortion is given in the WHO safe abortion guidance as well as in the Royal College clinical practice guidelines, both of which are currently being updated. (health-articles.net)
  • RESULTS: The panel favoured the buccal route of administration, with dosing according to the recommendations in the Association for Paediatric Palliative Medicine formulary (fifth Edition, 2020). (omeka.net)
  • Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal regions offer an attractive route of administration, because the bioavailability is higher and ranges from 15 to 25% (Bartlett et al. (cannaqix.com)
  • The translation of the route code submitted by the firm, indicating route of administration. (ndclist.com)
  • With countless experiments and great expertise of our researchers, we at InStar are continuously working to simplify healthcare by exploring oromucosal route of administration. (instar.tech)
Parenteral Administration4
  • When one thinks of drug administration, one usually thinks of swallowing pills (oral administration) or getting an injection (parenteral administration). (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • What are the 4 routes of parenteral administration? (lemonberrymoon.com)
  • There are several types of parenteral administration. (tpub.com)
  • Given the poor distribution of aminoglycosides from serum into respiratory secretions and the high risk of toxicity, targeted adjunctive therapy with aerosolized aminoglycosides, used with parenteral administration of either the same or another class of antimicrobial agents, may facilitate successful treatment of multidrug-resistant strains. (pneumoniatalk.net)
Mucosal2
  • Similarly, a multifold increase of permeability of dendritic nanoparticles across the porcine buccal mucosal resulted from the application of mucoadhesive gelatin/PEG semi-interpenetrating network (sIPN). (mst.edu)
  • Reported no buccal mucosal irritation from U.S. FDA Registration Study of APL-130277 for Parkinson's disease. (cynapsus.ca)
Cavity3
  • It mainly focuses on developing technology for the administration of formulations of large molecule drugs to the oral (buccal) cavity using a hand-held aerosol applicator. (baystreet.ca)
  • The effective non-invasive administration of local anesthetics in the oral cavity, in order to replace the painful injections, would enable the improvement of routine and surgical procedures. (usp.br)
  • The lower permeability of buccal region of oral cavity compared to the sublingual site is ideal for controlled-release systems. (wjpr.net)
Bioavailability4
  • Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral administration because the medication does not pass through the digestive system and thereby avoids first pass metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some of them have indicated that using nanoparticles as methods to formulate poorly water-soluble molecules would increase the dissolution of drugs and consequently obtain higher buccal bioavailability. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • The sublingual administration produces the most rapid results and requires a smaller amount of product thanks to its high bioavailability. (cbdoil.blog)
  • Since DERAMAXX ® tablet bioavailability is greatest when taken with food, postprandial administration is preferable. (petsupplies4less.com)
Nasal and buccal1
  • Of 199 inmates consented and enrolled, we have permission from 97.0% (193/199) to access and link electronic medical and incarceration records to their survey responses, and 95.0% (189/199) of interviewed inmates have given nasal and buccal swabs for analysis of S. aureus and the dental microbiome. (researchprotocols.org)
Mucoadhesive1
Buprenorphine buccal2
  • Do not apply more buprenorphine buccal films, use the buccal films more often, or use the buccal films in a different way than prescribed by your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • BELBUCA ® (buprenorphine buccal film) is indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which alternative treatment options are inadequate. (belbuca.com)
Intravenous1
  • While the intravenous (IV) delivery of benzodiazepines (BZD) is the most direct and reliable route, non-IV administration of BZDs may be more effective due to more rapid administration. (epmonthly.com)
Formulations2
  • Note: The user should have an appreciation and awareness of the formulations and their intended uses (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). (nih.gov)
  • Drug delivery refers to technologies, formulations based on drug vehicles or carriers, and approaches (routes of administration) used to deliver drugs for various applications or therapeutic use. (jsbmarketresearch.com)
Tablet3
  • Metabolite concentration versus time profiles for saliva were similar to plasma following tablet and syrup administration. (crs-group.de)
  • These patents focus on the other aspects of the active substance like dosage, mode of administration (oral, tablet, capsules, liquids etc). (greyb.com)
  • Interchangeability of Two 500 Mg Amoxicillin Capsules with One 1000 Mg Amoxicillin Tablet After a Single Oral Administration. (ijpsonline.com)
Sublingual delivery2
  • Despite these advantages, buccal/ sublingual delivery has significant challenges for systemic drug delivery. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • When ready for market, it could be offered in a dosage form for buccal or sublingual delivery. (thehempmag.com)
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION1
  • Aadrole Dosage and Administration Aadrole is administered through a buccal (sucker) tube. (liturgyofthehours.org)
Routes of administrat4
  • Over the past decades, drug delivery has evolved and new routes of administration have emerged. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • Part 3 covers Routes of Administration . (palliativedrugs.com)
  • To express the DDD several abbreviations are used for units and routes of administration. (whocc.no)
  • 2000) Circulating concentrations of the antiprogestins CDB-2914 and mifepristone in the female rhesus monkey following various routes of administration. (maybepregnant.org)
Injection5
  • Has announced the approval of xyosted (testosterone enanthate) injection by the us food and drug administration (fda). (examguide.co.in)
  • Parenteral dosage varieties are meant for administration as an injection or infusion. (lemonberrymoon.com)
  • Buprenorphine extended-release injection is used to treat opioid dependence (addiction to opioid drugs, including heroin and narcotic painkillers) in people who have received buccal or sublingual buprenorphine for at least 7 days. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Né le 21 janvier 1912 à Neisse Allemagne, Konrad Bloch fut étudiant en chimie à luniversité de Munich, testosterone patch for injection. (bivecky.com)
  • Previous work suggests that sedation achieved via injection with benzodiazepines prior to CO2 administration could reduce. (awionline.org)
Inhalation2
  • Over many years, a variety of spray devices have been developed, such as nasal or buccal sprays, inhalation systems and even spray-on bandage devices. (ondrugdelivery.com)
  • All in all, these consumption categories can be broken down into just three main administration methods: oral, dermal, and inhalation. (greenvalleynation.com)
Fentanyl7
  • What is Fentanyl Buccal and how is it used? (rxlist.com)
  • Fentanyl Buccal is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Breakthrough Cancer Pain. (rxlist.com)
  • Fentanyl Buccal may be used alone or with other medications. (rxlist.com)
  • It is not known if Fentanyl Buccal is safe and effective in children. (rxlist.com)
  • What are the possible side effects of Fentanyl Buccal? (rxlist.com)
  • These are not all the possible side effects of Fentanyl Buccal. (rxlist.com)
  • ONSOLIS remains an important differentiated fentanyl containing product for this indication given that it is the only product for buccal administration, providing patients with an alternative dosing option. (technologynetworks.com)
Medication administration10
  • Buccal medication administration refers to placing drugs between your gums and cheek and then drugs would dissolve and be absorbed into patient's blood, while sublingual administration refers to placing drugs under patient's tongue to dissolve and absorb into the blood. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • To ensure safe medication preparation and administration, nurses are trained to practice the "7 rights" of medication administration: right patient, right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right reason and right documentation [12, 13]. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • What are the 3 checks in medication administration? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • What are the 12 rights of medication administration? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • What are the 4 basic rules for medication administration? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • What is the most important role of a nurse in medication administration? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • What is one of the 10 rights of medication administration? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • What are the 5 R's of medication administration? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Identify the eight rights of medication administration. (edgt.com)
  • This form of medication administration is beneficial for anyone who has a difficult time taking capsules or pills. (cbdoil.blog)
Transmucosal administration1
  • The DIPPER study aims to establish the feasibility of conducting a prospective randomised controlled trial comparing oral and transmucosal administration of opioids for breakthrough pain. (omeka.net)
Acute1
  • The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) has granted tentative approval for Aquestive Therapeutics' AQST lead asset Libervant (diazepam) Buccal Film for the acute treatment of intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity that are distinct from a patient's usual seizure pattern in patients with epilepsy 12 years of age and older. (benzinga.com)
Topical1
  • Compared with the conventional oral and parenteral routes, it is claimed that topical administration offers the advantages of being non-invasive and avoiding first-pass metabolism in the liver by enabling the drug to enter directly into the circulatory system. (ondrugdelivery.com)
Dose4
  • A dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative exposure to formaldehyde and increases in buccal micronuclei in the 22 male subjects but not in the seven female subjects. (cdc.gov)
  • Notification MS:188/2005 administration d'une dose de 1,5 ml, 2-3 fois par jour, diluée dans un peu d'eau devant les masses. (util21.ro)
  • METHODS: The nominal group technique was used to achieve consensus on best practice for mode of administration, dose regimen and a range of suitable pain intensity outcome measures for transmucosal diamorphine in children and young people with breakthrough pain. (omeka.net)
  • Postoperative Orthopedic Pain and Inflammation: 1.4-1.8 mg/lb/day (3 to 4 mg/kg/day) as a single daily dose, as needed, not to exceed 7 days of administration. (petsupplies4less.com)
Drugs4
  • A small quantity of prescription drugs will be stored in the Administration Office if a child requires self-administering on a daily basis or could possibly require emergency medication, and parents have requested storage facilities. (rathnurens.ie)
  • You can also visit the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website ( http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm085729.htm ) to obtain the Medication Guide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, the program describes related medication routes, such as buccal and sublingual and reviews the procedures for administering drugs through nasogastric and gastrostomy tubes. (edgt.com)
  • Arterial pressure after combined administration of these 2 drugs supplements you should stacking maximizes the effects of Clenbuterol, allowing users to reap the best possible results. (prisontalk.com)
Swab1
  • Buccal swab based genotyping of genetically modified mice. (awionline.org)
Misoprostol administration2
  • Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed adding mifepristone to the second trimester medication abortion regimen results in shorter abortion intervals from first misoprostol administration to complete fetal expulsion. (semanticscholar.org)
  • A randomized clinical trial comparing the short-term side effects of sublingual and buccal routes of misoprostol administration for medical abortions up to 63 days' gestation. (pressbooks.pub)
Advantages1
  • As with most methods of administration, there are benefits and advantages to all forms. (cbdoil.blog)
Cheek and gum1
  • Buccal The drug is placed between the cheek and gum and is quickly absorbed directly into the blood stream. (tpub.com)
Testosterone undecanoate2
  • Administration-approved oral testosterone replacement preparation, testosterone undecanoate (jatenzo), is absorbed by the lymph system. (mindfulmindfood.com)
  • Chemically modified types of testosterone have been developed such as testosterone undecanoate and methyltestosterone to get around this Sublingual/buccal testosterone (under the tongue or against the cheek) Implantable testosterone pellets (implanted subcutaneously under the skin, most typically in the abdomen or the buttocks area. (sportsplusbayarea.com)
Enteral1
  • Which of the following are parenteral methods of administration (the others being enteral)? (proprofs.com)
Delivery9
  • Ex vivo permeation study revealed that only a small fraction of drug permeated from F1, which was a better candidate than F2 for local buccal delivery. (dovepress.com)
  • Eudragit L100 nanofibers (EL-NF) loaded with KET (F1) suppressed the inflammatory response associated with mucositis, which confirmed the efficacy of local buccal delivery of KET-loaded EL-NF in treating oral mucositis. (dovepress.com)
  • Moreover, there are fewer enzymes and lower enzyme activity in the buccal and sublingual regions, which favors the delivery of protein and peptide. (cd-bioparticles.net)
  • Development of carriers based on interpolymer complexes using Carbopol® 971 NF (C971) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZ) of different molecular weights for buccal delivery of metformin (MF).Materials and methods. (reading.ac.uk)
  • at the same time, compacts from physical mixtures (PM) and C971 are inferior in terms of the separation force to IPC samples, however, POZes dissolve in an artificial saliva medium, that is, they are not suitable as dosage forms for buccal delivery. (reading.ac.uk)
  • For 5 hours of the experiment to assess the swelling capacity, the IPC matrices did not change significantly, which can ensure their comfortable use as carriers for buccal delivery. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Polycomplex matrix systems based on C971-POZ (50 kDa) and C971-POZ (500 kDa) are suitable for buccal delivery of metformin. (reading.ac.uk)
  • The main objectives of the present study were to design, optimization and evaluation of buccal drug delivery system of propranolol for hypertension treatment. (ijpsr.com)
  • These results indicate that transbuccal delivery is a possible route for administration of CNS therapeutic nanoparticles. (mst.edu)
Cannabis3
  • With gastrointestinal administration, it can take anywhere between 60-180 minutes for the cannabis to be activated, and the effect lasts for 6-8 hours. (greenvalleynation.com)
  • With sublingual and buccal administration the cannabis will take effect in 15-45 minutes, and lasts for 6-8 hours. (greenvalleynation.com)
  • Ardent Cannabis makes a compelling argument for the sublingual administration of CBD and THC . (cbdoil.blog)
Voie2
  • Administration de vaccin B. C. G. par voie buccale chez des adultes allergiques en bon état de sante et chez des tuberculeux pulmonaires. (nih.gov)
  • Table IV: Citation from the recent French evidence based guidelines Les études évaluant l'efficacité du misoprostol, après 200 mg de mifépristone, selon sa voie d'administration sont en faveur d'une efficacité de la voie sublinguale (hors AMM) et buccale (hors AMM) comparable à celle de la voie vaginale (hors AMM), et supérieure celle de la voie orale (hors AMM au-delà de 7 SA) jusqu'à 9 SA. (health-articles.net)
20203
  • 2020. Preclinical validation of the micropipette-guided drug administration (MDA) method in the maternal immune activation model of neurodevelopmental disorders. (awionline.org)
  • Le Pr Beaudry est entré en fonction le 1er juin 2009 à titre de professeur adjoint au département de biomédecine vétérinaire de l'Université de Montréal, promu au rang de professeur agrégé le 1er juin 2014 et au rang de professeur titulaire le 1er juin 2020. (umontreal.ca)
  • Home › forums › discussion forum for civil procedure 2020 - perritt › achat testosterone en patch this topic is empty. (introkampvpkbmh.com)
Mifepristone3
  • Follow-up evaluation is usually scheduled within 14 days of mifepristone administration to verify abortion completion and may be required by law. (obgynkey.com)
  • Boersma AA, Meyboom-de Jong B, Kleiverda G. Mifepristone followed by home administration of buccal misoprostol for medical abortion up to 70 days of amenorrhoea. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Chen MJ, Creinin MD. Mifepristone with buccal misoprostol for medical abortion: a systematic review. (pressbooks.pub)
Bloodstream2
  • It allows for rapid entrance into the bloodstream, but should not be confused with buccal administration, which is placing the drug between the cheek and gums. (cbdoil.blog)
  • While it may not be a concern for CBD - though for some it may - medications that require slow administration or release into the bloodstream are not recommended to be taken sublingually. (cbdoil.blog)
Tongue1
  • cianus ) were obtained from a commercial trapper, with Ulcerative lesions also developed on the lips, tongue, and permission of the Food and Drug Administration. (cdc.gov)
Injectable1
  • Injectable buprenorphine has been reported to be well absorbed after administration in cats' mouth and to result in good analgesic efficacy, yet recently buprenorphine has been in limited supply. (everycat.org)
Medications6
  • Oral administration of medications is the most common method. (tpub.com)
  • 4 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several medications for this purpose, including non-specific medications such as analgesics, as well as disease-specific medications such as ergots, triptans, gepants and ditans. (touchneurology.com)
  • This online tutorial focuses on the knowledge and skills needed for the safe administration of medications by the oral route. (edgt.com)
  • Describe the steps involved in the preparation of medications administered by two routes closely related to the oral route - buccal and sublingual. (edgt.com)
  • List precautionary measures nurses must take during the administration of oral medications in order to keep patients safe from drug induced harm. (edgt.com)
  • Antipsychotic medications typically produce remarkable changes within one and three weeks regardless most gains in effectiveness are eminent within six to eight weeks of administration (and about 12 weeks payment clozapine) (McEvoy et al. (gravesen.com)
Drug administration27
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) believes that the recommendations in this guidance document will improve the quality of postmarketing safety reports and clarify the industry's current safety reporting responsibility to assure public health. (cdc.gov)
  • 1This guidance has been prepared by the Epidemiology Branch in the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) at the Food and Drug Administration. (cdc.gov)
  • LSD is classified as a Schedule I drug by the US Food and Drug Administration, meaning it is considered a narcotic drug with no known acceptable medical use that has a high potential for abuse, and the possession of any amount of LSD is illegal. (medscape.com)
  • 2021. Oral application of clozapine-N-oxide using the micropipette-guided drug administration (MDA) method in mouse DREADD systems. (awionline.org)
  • An alternative method for oral drug administration by voluntary intake in male and female mice. (awionline.org)
  • Drug administration to experimental rodents is often invasive and stressful, thus reducing animal welfare and potentially confounding experimental results. (awionline.org)
  • In a _______________, all drug administration occurs directly into the central compartment and distribution of drug is instantaneous throughout the volume. (proprofs.com)
  • Food and Drug Administration and state and local regulatory. (monoblocktube.com)
  • Oral ingestion is the oldest and commonest mode of drug administration. (pharmacy180.com)
  • The sale of this item may be subject to regulation by the U. Food and Drug Administration and state and local regulatry agencies. (monoblocktube.com)
  • What are the 10 rights of drug administration? (lemonberrymoon.com)
  • What is parenteral path of drug administration? (lemonberrymoon.com)
  • And drug administration approved for use in adolescent males in the united states. (lcgnt.com)
  • In march 2015, the united states food and drug administration cautioned against the use of testosterone treatment in older males with low testosterone levels. (lcgnt.com)
  • These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. (tillmanstranquils.com)
  • What are the 8 routes of drug administration? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • What are the responsibilities of a nurse in drug administration? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • In order to avoid compromising patient safety, nurses should refer to and adhere to the principles of drug administration. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • The first right of drug administration is to check and verify if it's the right name and form. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • CVSI-007, for which the company plans to seek U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") approval as a prescription medication, is currently in preclinical development, undergoing extensive safety and toxicological analyses that are expected to be completed in the second half of this year. (thehempmag.com)
  • Zolmitriptan, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D receptor agonist, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of migraine attacks since 1997. (touchneurology.com)
  • Where it prevents serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in an aromatase-independent manner, eliminating a possible red blood cell mass and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat inflammation. (awingsoft.com)
  • Since 2015, BARDA has supported the late-stage development of AV7909, a next-generation anthrax vaccine which uses the U.S. Food and Drug Administration licensed anthrax vaccine Biothrax in combination with an immune system stimulant or adjuvant. (pharmaceutical.report)
  • On March 11, 2015, following an End-of-Phase 2 meeting with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Company announced that an agreement was reached on the design, duration and size for the Phase 3 program clinical studies, as well as for primary and key secondary endpoints. (cynapsus.ca)
  • Oral route is the easiest and most convenient route for drug administration. (ajptr.com)
  • Food and Drug Administration regulate food recalls, but the USDA issued a warning after a company in the United States contacted residents about dietary supplements. (mwedlock.com)
  • Studies of the risks and benefits have been mixed, and the food and drug administration beefed up its warnings about cardiac side effects of. (introkampvpkbmh.com)
Roth1
Preparations2
  • It's a lot easier now that the hormone is available in patch, gel, and buccal preparations. (robertclaremd.com)
  • Other short-acting testosterone preparations include those that are designed to be administered by the sublingual or buccal route. (prisontalk.com)
Zovirax topical, Sitavig (acyclovir topical) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Zovirax topical, Sitavig (acyclovir topical) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more (reference.medscape.com)
DailyMed - BUPRENORPHINE AND NALOXONE film, soluble
DailyMed - BUPRENORPHINE AND NALOXONE film, soluble (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
LSD Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology
LSD Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
Excision of Mouth Lesions: Overview, Preparation, Technique
Excision of Mouth Lesions: Overview, Preparation, Technique (emedicine.medscape.com)
Doctors Continue to Prescribe Buccal Hydrocortisone Despite MHRA Safety Alert
Doctors Continue to Prescribe Buccal Hydrocortisone Despite MHRA Safety Alert (medscape.com)
Aggression: Overview, Epidemiology, Assessment and Differential Diagnosis
Aggression: Overview, Epidemiology, Assessment and Differential Diagnosis (emedicine.medscape.com)
Induction of Labor: Background, Indications, Contraindications
Induction of Labor: Background, Indications, Contraindications (emedicine.medscape.com)
Testosterone Buccal: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Testosterone Buccal: MedlinePlus Drug Information (medlineplus.gov)
ONFI, Sympazan (clobazam) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
ONFI, Sympazan (clobazam) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more (reference.medscape.com)
Buprenorphine/Naloxone Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Buprenorphine/Naloxone Toxicity: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (emedicine.medscape.com)
Glioblastoma Multiforme Guidelines: Guidelines Summary
Glioblastoma Multiforme Guidelines: Guidelines Summary (medscape.com)
FDA Approves Bunavail for Opioid Addiction
FDA Approves Bunavail for Opioid Addiction (medscape.com)
JCM | Free Full-Text | Dravet Syndrome-The Polish Family's Perspective Study
JCM | Free Full-Text | Dravet Syndrome-The Polish Family's Perspective Study (mdpi.com)
FLURBIPROFENE SANDOZ CONS O SS - Flurbiprofène - Posologie
FLURBIPROFENE SANDOZ CONS O SS - Flurbiprofène - Posologie (doctissimo.fr)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
Management of the Third Stage of Labor: Overview, Clinical Presentation, Management
Management of the Third Stage of Labor: Overview, Clinical Presentation, Management (emedicine.medscape.com)
Actiq, Fentora (fentanyl transmucosal) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Actiq, Fentora (fentanyl transmucosal) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more (reference.medscape.com)
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam following intravenous and intramuscular administration to sheep in: American...
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam following intravenous and intramuscular administration to sheep in: American... (avmajournals.avma.org)
Molecules | Special Issue : Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology: Novel Approaches
Molecules | Special Issue : Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology: Novel Approaches (mdpi.com)
Course Content - #56740: Dental Treatment of Patients with Mental Disorders - NetCE
Course Content - #56740: Dental Treatment of Patients with Mental Disorders - NetCE (netce.com)
News for Medical Independent Sales Representatives and Medical Distributors: Cephalon Announces FDA Advisory Committee...
News for Medical Independent Sales Representatives and Medical Distributors: Cephalon Announces FDA Advisory Committee... (salesandmarketingnetwork.com)
Latest Staff Nurse Recruitment |Staff Nurse Papers |Exam Pattern|Syllabus and more: STAFF NURSE MODEL PAPER-05 ANSWERS
Latest Staff Nurse Recruitment |Staff Nurse Papers |Exam Pattern|Syllabus and more: STAFF NURSE MODEL PAPER-05 ANSWERS (prncfet.com)
EMERGENCY ISSUES - CastMD
EMERGENCY ISSUES - CastMD (castmd.com)
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL TABLETS OF PROPRANOLOL PREPARED USING NATURAL POLYMER | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL...
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL TABLETS OF PROPRANOLOL PREPARED USING NATURAL POLYMER | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL... (ijpsr.com)
Sucrose: Pediatric drug information
Sucrose: Pediatric drug information (medilib.ir)
A STUDY REGARDING MODE OF ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF POTENTIZED HOMEOPATHIC DRUGS IN LIVING BODY - REDEFINING HOMEOPATHY
A STUDY REGARDING MODE OF ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF POTENTIZED HOMEOPATHIC DRUGS IN LIVING BODY - REDEFINING HOMEOPATHY (redefininghomeopathy.com)
Braindisease's Weblog - Page 3 - This blog deals with common neurological diseases.
Braindisease's Weblog - Page 3 - This blog deals with common neurological diseases. (braindiseases.blog)
Afficher tous les articles de Stephane
Afficher tous les articles de Stephane (stephanoliva.com)
What is a Dosage Form? - Mental Health Matters
What is a Dosage Form? - Mental Health Matters (mental-health-matters.org)
SPIOLTO RESPIMAT 2,5/2,5/DOS INH60 : posologie et effets secondaires | Santé Magazine
SPIOLTO RESPIMAT 2,5/2,5/DOS INH60 : posologie et effets secondaires | Santé Magazine (santemagazine.fr)
Dictionnaire anatomie, Éditions DésIris
Dictionnaire anatomie, Éditions DésIris (adverbum.fr)
Acyclovir: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online
Acyclovir: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online (go.drugbank.com)
Spirom tre incitatif PulmoVol 50 appareil de r ducation respiratoire
Spirom tre incitatif PulmoVol 50 appareil de r ducation respiratoire (distrimed.com)
Buprenorphine, so misunderstood - Pain Dr.
Buprenorphine, so misunderstood - Pain Dr. (paindr.com)
Three cases of toxic skin eruptions due to methotrexate and a compilation of methotrexate induced skin eruptions
Three cases of toxic skin eruptions due to methotrexate and a compilation of methotrexate induced skin eruptions (escholarship.org)
Download Handbook Of Process Integration Pi Minimisation Of Energy And Water Use Waste And Emissions 2013
Download Handbook Of Process Integration Pi Minimisation Of Energy And Water Use Waste And Emissions 2013 (der-woodworker.de)