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Administration, OralDrug Administration ScheduleInjections, IntravenousUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationDrug Administration RoutesDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-DawleyTime FactorsAdministration, IntranasalRats, WistarInjections, IntraperitonealDisease Models, AnimalInjections, SubcutaneousAdministration, RectalLiverMice, Inbred C57BLBiological AvailabilityInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, TopicalInfusions, IntravenousHalf-LifeAdministration, IntravenousDrug InteractionsArea Under CurveInjections, IntraventricularMice, Inbred BALB CRats, Inbred StrainsAdministration, CutaneousTissue DistributionDogsDouble-Blind MethodCross-Over StudiesTreatment OutcomeBlood PressureAdministration, SublingualBrainAdministration, InhalationKidneyInfusions, ParenteralBody WeightRandom AllocationBehavior, AnimalDrug ToleranceMorphineRecombinant ProteinsPlant ExtractsInjectionsAnalysis of VarianceInjections, SpinalOrgan SizeMetabolic Clearance RateChromatography, High Pressure LiquidRNA, MessengerRabbitsMice, Inbred ICRLungRats, Inbred F344Analgesics, OpioidSelf AdministrationEthanolHeart RatePregnancyEstradiolMotor ActivityAntineoplastic AgentsDrug CombinationsMice, KnockoutHemodynamicsMice, Inbred StrainsDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalAnalgesicsDrug Therapy, CombinationEnzyme InhibitorsInjections, Intra-ArterialAdministration, BuccalSpleenPiperidinesProdrugsAntibodies, MonoclonalIntestinal AbsorptionBlood GlucoseDrug ApprovalAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug SynergismCocaineNaloxoneEatingUnited StatesDopamineGenetic TherapyNitric OxideCytokinesHydrocortisoneAbsorptionCells, CulturedLipopolysaccharidesImmunohistochemistryDelayed-Action PreparationsInsulinPain MeasurementPainBiotransformationTestosteroneAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrodialysisDexamethasoneProgesteroneGenetic VectorsGrowth HormoneAdministration, IntravaginalInflammationTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAnimals, NewbornAntioxidantsBody TemperatureModels, AnimalDrug Delivery SystemsNarcotic AntagonistsKineticsBileUnited States Department of Veterans AffairsGonadotropin-Releasing HormonePhytotherapyDrugs, Chinese HerbalVasodilator AgentsPyridinesLuteinizing HormoneDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalPiperazinesNeoplasms, ExperimentalProspective StudiesMice, NudeDevice ApprovalMice, TransgenicNeoplasm TransplantationApoptosisInfusion PumpsPyrazolesGlucocorticoidsRegional Blood FlowMethamphetamineSerotoninNorepinephrineAdjuvants, ImmunologicNeoplasmsDiazepamCorticosteroneSwineAnesthesiaChemistry, PharmaceuticalAdrenocorticotropic HormoneDrug CarriersCentral Nervous System StimulantsOvariectomyHyperalgesiaNeuroprotective AgentsMice, Inbred C3HLeukocyte CountHypnotics and SedativesGene ExpressionAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticIntestinesHaloperidolDrug-Induced Liver InjuryImidazolesAnti-Anxiety AgentsIndomethacinBrain ChemistryPlacebosSuppositoriesHypothalamusGene Expression RegulationSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAdenoviridaeIodine RadioisotopesEdemaSignal TransductionNeuronsNitric Oxide SynthaseInfusion Pumps, ImplantableChorionic GonadotropinFecesBlotting, WesternNarcoticsOxidative StressClinical Trials as TopicErythropoietinAcute DiseaseHypoglycemic AgentsRats, Inbred LewEndotoxinsSheepImmunoglobulin GMyocardiumNicotineSulfonamidesAmphetamineInjections, IntradermalCorpus StriatumIntestinal Mucosa
Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Drug Administration Schedule: Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.Injections, Intravenous: Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.United States Food and Drug Administration: An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.Drug Administration Routes: The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and delivered to the target tissue.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Administration, Intranasal: Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Injections, Intraperitoneal: Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Injections, Subcutaneous: Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.Administration, Rectal: The insertion of drugs into the rectum, usually for confused or incompetent patients, like children, infants, and the very old or comatose.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Mice, Inbred C57BLBiological Availability: The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.Injections, Intramuscular: Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.Administration, Topical: The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.Infusions, Intravenous: The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.Half-Life: The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.Administration, Intravenous: Delivery of substances through VENIPUNCTURE into the VEINS.Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.Area Under Curve: A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)Injections, Intraventricular: Injections into the cerebral ventricles.Mice, Inbred BALB CRats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Administration, Cutaneous: The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.Tissue Distribution: Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Cross-Over Studies: Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Administration, Sublingual: Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Administration, Inhalation: The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Infusions, Parenteral: The administration of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through some other route than the alimentary canal, usually over minutes or hours, either by gravity flow or often by infusion pumping.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Behavior, Animal: The observable response an animal makes to any situation.Drug Tolerance: Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.Morphine: The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Injections: Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Injections, Spinal: Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.Organ Size: The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.Metabolic Clearance Rate: Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Mice, Inbred ICRLung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Rats, Inbred F344Analgesics, Opioid: Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.Self Administration: Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.Ethanol: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Estradiol: The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Drug Combinations: Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Mice, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.Drug Evaluation, Preclinical: Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.Analgesics: Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Injections, Intra-Arterial: Delivery of drugs into an artery.Administration, Buccal: Administration of a soluble dosage form between the cheek and gingiva. It may involve direct application of a drug onto the buccal mucosa, as by painting or spraying.Spleen: An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.Prodrugs: A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Intestinal Absorption: Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Drug Approval: Process that is gone through in order for a drug to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required pre-clinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance of the drug.Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal: Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.Drug Synergism: The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.Eating: The consumption of edible substances.United StatesDopamine: One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.Genetic Therapy: Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.Nitric Oxide: A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Hydrocortisone: The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.Absorption: The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Lipopolysaccharides: Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Delayed-Action Preparations: Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.Biotransformation: The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.Testosterone: A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.Anti-Inflammatory Agents: Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Microdialysis: A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.Dexamethasone: An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.Progesterone: The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.Genetic Vectors: DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.Growth Hormone: A polypeptide that is secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Growth hormone, also known as somatotropin, stimulates mitosis, cell differentiation and cell growth. Species-specific growth hormones have been synthesized.Administration, Intravaginal: The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The dosage forms may include medicated pessaries, irrigation fluids, and suppositories.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.Animals, Newborn: Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.Antioxidants: Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.Body Temperature: The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.Models, Animal: Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.Drug Delivery Systems: Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.Narcotic Antagonists: Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.United States Department of Veterans Affairs: A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to VETERANS. It was established March 15, 1989 as a Cabinet-level position.Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.Phytotherapy: Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.Drugs, Chinese Herbal: Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Pyridines: Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.Luteinizing Hormone: A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental: Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.PiperazinesNeoplasms, Experimental: Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Mice, Nude: Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.Device Approval: Process that is gone through in order for a device to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required preclinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance. It is not restricted to FDA.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Neoplasm Transplantation: Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Infusion Pumps: Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.Pyrazoles: Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.Glucocorticoids: A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.Adjuvants, Immunologic: Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.Corticosterone: An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.Chemistry, Pharmaceutical: Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).Drug Carriers: Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.Central Nervous System Stimulants: A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.Ovariectomy: The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.Hyperalgesia: An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.Neuroprotective Agents: Drugs intended to prevent damage to the brain or spinal cord from ischemia, stroke, convulsions, or trauma. Some must be administered before the event, but others may be effective for some time after. They act by a variety of mechanisms, but often directly or indirectly minimize the damage produced by endogenous excitatory amino acids.Mice, Inbred C3HLeukocyte Count: The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.Hypnotics and Sedatives: Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Analgesics, Non-Narcotic: A subclass of analgesic agents that typically do not bind to OPIOID RECEPTORS and are not addictive. Many non-narcotic analgesics are offered as NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS.Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.Imidazoles: Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).Anti-Anxiety Agents: Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Brain Chemistry: Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.Placebos: Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.Suppositories: Medicated dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body for absorption. Generally, the active ingredients are packaged in dosage forms containing fatty bases such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated oil, or glycerogelatin that are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature.Hypothalamus: Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.Adenoviridae: A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.Iodine Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Nitric Oxide Synthase: An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.Infusion Pumps, Implantable: Implanted fluid propulsion systems with self-contained power source for providing long-term controlled-rate delivery of drugs such as chemotherapeutic agents or analgesics. Delivery rate may be externally controlled or osmotically or peristatically controlled with the aid of transcutaneous monitoring.Chorionic Gonadotropin: A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Narcotics: Agents that induce NARCOSIS. Narcotics include agents that cause somnolence or induced sleep (STUPOR); natural or synthetic derivatives of OPIUM or MORPHINE or any substance that has such effects. They are potent inducers of ANALGESIA and OPIOID-RELATED DISORDERS.Oxidative Stress: A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).Clinical Trials as Topic: Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Hypoglycemic Agents: Substances which lower blood glucose levels.Rats, Inbred LewEndotoxins: Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Immunoglobulin G: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Nicotine: Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke.Sulfonamides: A group of compounds that contain the structure SO2NH2.Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.Injections, Intradermal: The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, piercing the top skin layer.Corpus Striatum: Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.Intestinal Mucosa: Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

Transbuccal delivery of acyclovir (II): feasibility, system design, and in vitro permeation studies. (1/79)

PURPOSE: To design a buccal mucoadhesive system for systemic delivery of acyclovir using a novel mucoadhesive, copolymers of acrylic acid and poly(ethylene glycol), and to determine the feasibility of transbuccal delivery of acyclovir using this system. METHODS: The buccal delivery system was prepared using an adhesive, a copolymer of acrylic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethylether monomethacrylate, and an impermeable membrane to prevent excessive washout by saliva and to attain unidirectional release. Acyclovir was loaded into the copolymer film prior to lamination of backing material. In vitro drug release studies were conducted in isotonic McIlvaine buffer solution. Buccal permeation of acyclovir was investigated using porcine buccal mucosa with side-by-side flow through diffusion cells at 37;C. Acyclovir was quantified using HPLC. RESULTS: Buccal permeation of acyclovir from the mucoadhesive delivery system was controlled for up to 20 hours with a time lag (t(lag)) of 10.4 hours and a steady state flux of 144.2 microg/cm(2)/h. With the incorporation of NaGC into the system t(lag) was shortened to 5.6 hours with an enhanced steady state flux of 758.7 microg/cm(2)/h. Sustained delivery of acyclovir across bucccal mucosa using this mucoadhesive system was maintained for up to 22 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The mucoadhesive system of P(AA-co-PEG) was shown to be a good candidate for controlled oral mucosal delivery of acyclovir. Buccal delivery of acyclovir was proven feasible based on in vitro permeation studies.  (+info)

Polymeric films as vehicle for buccal delivery: swelling, mechanical, and bioadhesive properties. (2/79)

PURPOSE: To investigate the suitability of an SCMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol 400/carbopol 934P) and an HPMC (hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose/polyethylene glycol 400/carbopol 934P) films as drug vehicle for buccal delivery. METHODS: The mechanical and in vitro bioadhesive strength properties of the films were investigated using texture analyzer equipment, while swelling behavior was studied in different media, namely, distilled water and simulated saliva solution. In addition, the in vivo bioadhesion of the film was studied by estimating the film residence time on buccal mucosa of human volunteers. RESULTS: Increase in carbopol 934P content was found to elevate the elasticity, softness and bioadhesive strength but decrease the strength and degree of swelling of both SCMC and HPMC films. SCMC films swelled more extensively in distilled water while HPMC films in simulated saliva solution. HPMC films exhibited greater in vivo bioadhesion although the in vitro bioadhesive strength was lower than SCMC films. Correlation existed between the in vivo and in vitro bioadhesion data within the polymer, but no rank correlation was observed between the two polymers. CONCLUSION: HPMC films may be preferred over SCMC films as drug vehicle for buccal delivery as the former was tougher, more elastic, more bioadhesive in vivo and swelled in a more tolerable manner in the oral cavity than the latter.  (+info)

Dendritic cells recruitment and in vivo priming of CD8+ CTL induced by a single topical or transepithelial immunization via the buccal mucosa with measles virus nucleoprotein. (3/79)

The buccal mucosa, a prototype of pluristratified mucosal epithelia, contains a network of directly accessible class II(+) epithelial dendritic cells (DC), similar to skin Langerhans cells. We showed that a single buccal immunization with measles virus nucleoprotein (NP), by either topical application onto or intradermal injection in the buccal mucosa, induced in vivo priming of protective class I-restricted specific CD8(+) CTL. Both routes of immunization with NP induced a rapid recruitment of DC into the mucosa, which peaked at 2 h and decreased by 24 h. Treatment of mice with Flt3 ligand resulted in an increased number of DC in the buccal mucosa and enhanced the frequency of IFN-gamma-producing NP-specific effectors and the NP-specific CTL response generated after buccal immunization with NP. Finally, NP-pulsed bone marrow-derived DC induced NP-specific IFN-gamma-producing cells upon adoptive transfer to naive mice. These data demonstrate that a viral protein delivered to DC of the buccal mucosa induces in vivo priming of protective anti-viral CD8(+) CTL.  (+info)

The use of EMLA for an intraoral soft-tissue biopsy in a needle phobic: a case report. (4/79)

A case is reported of the removal of a leaf fibroma from the mucosa of the hard palate using EMLA topical anesthesia as the sole means of pain control.  (+info)

Evaluation of polyoxyethylene homopolymers for buccal bioadhesive drug delivery device formulations. (5/79)

Our objective was to evaluate the application of polyoxyethylene homopolymers in buccal bioadhesive drug (BBD) delivery device formulations. The bioadhesive strength of four different molecular weight (MW) polyoxyethylene polymers was measured by Instron tensile tester using glass plate and bovine sublingual tissue as substrate surfaces. Several BBD device formulations containing polyoxyethylene polymer (MW 7,000,000) were prepared by direct compression and compression molding processes. The prepared BBD devices were evaluated for their elasticity, in vitro adhesion and drug release characteristics. The in vivo bioadhesion characteristics of a placebo compression molded device were examined in 3 adult healthy male beagle dogs. The bioadhesive strength of polyoxyethylene polymers appeared to be directly related to their molecular weights. When bovine sublingual mucosa or a glass plate was used as model mucosal substrate surface, the rank order of bioadhesive strength of different molecular weight polyoxyethylene polymers was similar. The bioadhesive strength of devices prepared by the compression molding process was greater than those prepared by direct compression, but the kinetics of drug release were independent of the process used for the preparation of the devices. The drug release and the bioadhesive strength of the similarly prepared device formulations appeared to be dependent on the drug:polymer ratios. The elasticity of the BBD devices prepared by compression molding was improved by the inclusion of polyisobutylene polymer in the formulations. When adhered to the oral cavity of the dogs, the compression molded placebo BBD device exhibited adhesion for at least 4 hours and appeared to show no signs of local irritation. In conclusion, BBD devices containing polyoxyethylene polymer (MW 7,000,000) can be prepared by direct compression or compression molding process in order to provide controlled drug release to the oral cavity while maintaining appropriate bioadhesive characteristics.  (+info)

Oral transmucosal fentanyl pretreatment for outpatient general anesthesia. (6/79)

The oral transmucosal formulation of fentanyl citrate (OTFC) has been reported to be an effective sedative, providing convenient and atraumatic sedation for children prior to general anesthesia or painful diagnostic procedures. Thirty-three young children (24-60 months of age) scheduled for outpatient general anesthesia for treatment of dental caries were enrolled in this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. To determine the effectiveness of the OTFC premedication, patient behavior was evaluated using three distinct outcome ratings. A sedation score rated behavior in the waiting room prior to OTFC as well as 10 minutes and 20 minutes after OTFC. A separation score rated the child's response to being separated from his/her parent or guardian for transport to the dental operatory. Finally, a cooperation score rated the child's acceptance of the mask induction. The OTFC formulation was well tolerated by most of the children in this study. Compared with the placebo oralet, the active OTFC improved behavior for separation from the parent (P < .05) and cooperation with the mask induction (P < .05). The duration of surgery and the time of recovery did not differ between placebo and active premedication. Side effects including respiratory and cardiovascular complications were reported more frequently in the active fentanyl group. Continuous monitoring of respiratory function is essential when using this unique and effective formulation of fentanyl for pediatric preanesthetic sedation.  (+info)

Phospholipid deformable vesicles for buccal delivery of insulin. (7/79)

To investigate the possibility of the enhancing effect of deformable vesicles on buccal delivery of insulin, two kinds of vesicles with and without the presence of sodium deoxycholate (deformable vesicles and conventional vesicles) were prepared by reverse phase evaporation methods. The liposomal entrapment efficiency was determined by column chromatography. The particle size and morphology of the vesicles were also evaluated. The hypoglycemic effects, insulin concentrations, and residual amounts of insulin deposited in the buccal membrane after buccal administration of insulin vesicles to rabbits were investigated. Compared with subcutaneous administration of insulin solution, the relative pharmacological bioavailability and the relative bioavailability of buccal administration of insulin vesicles were determined. The results showed that the entrapment efficiencies of the deformable and conventional vesicles were 18.87+/-1.78% (n=3) and 22.07+/-2.16% (n=3), respectively. The particle sizes of the deformable and conventional vesicles were 42.5+/-20.5 nm and 59.7+/-33.8 nm, respectively. There were no significant differences in appearance between the two types of vesicle. Compared with subcutaneous administration of insulin solution, the relative pharmacological bioavailability and the relative bioavailability in the insulin-deformable vesicles group were 15.59% and 19.78%, respectively, which were higher than in the conventional insulin vesicles (p<0.05), blank deformable vesicles and insulin mixture groups (p<0.05). Deformable vesicles have an enhancing effect on buccal delivery of insulin and may be a better carrier than conventional vesicles for buccal delivery of protein drugs.  (+info)

Absence of canine oral papillomavirus DNA following prophylactic L1 particle-mediated immunotherapeutic delivery vaccination. (8/79)

In the canine oral papillomavirus (COPV) model, following wart regression, COPV DNA was detected by PCR at the challenge site. However, following particle-mediated immunotherapeutic delivery (PMID) of COPV L1 and subsequent challenge, no COPV DNA could be detected. These data support PMID of COPV L1 as a protective vaccine and suggest that PMID of L1 may induce virus clearance.  (+info)

Buccal administration - WikipediaBuccal administration - Wikipedia
Buccal administration refers to a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ˈbʌkəl/) area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream. Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral administration because the medication does not pass through the digestive system and thereby avoids first pass metabolism. As of May 2014, buccal forms of the psychiatric drug, asenapine; the opioid drugs buprenorphine, naloxone, and fentanyl; the cardiovascular drug nitroglycerin; the nausea medication Prochlorperazine; the hormone replacement therapy testosterone, and nicotine as a smoking cessation aid, were commercially available in buccal forms, as was midazolam, an anticonvulsant, used to treat acute epileptic seizures. Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune ...
Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised...Safety and efficacy of buccal midazolam versus rectal diazepam for emergency treatment of seizures in children: a randomised...
BACKGROUND Rectal diazepam and buccal midazolam are used for emergency treatment of acute febrile and afebrile (epileptic) seizures in children. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of these drugs. METHODS A multicentre, randomised controlled trial was undertaken to compare buccal midazolam with rectal diazepam for emergency-room treatment of children aged 6 months and older presenting to hospital with active seizures and without intravenous access. The dose varied according to age from 2.5 to 10 mg. The primary endpoint was therapeutic success: cessation of seizures within 10 min and for at least 1 hour, without respiratory depression requiring intervention. Analysis was per protocol. FINDINGS Consent was obtained for 219 separate episodes involving 177 patients, who had a median age of 3 years (IQR 1-5) at initial episode. Therapeutic success was 56% (61 of 109) for buccal midazolam and 27% (30 of 110) for rectal diazepam (percentage difference 29%, 95% CI 16-41). Analysing only initial
Buccal Patches: Boon To Oral Drug Delivery SystemBuccal Patches: Boon To Oral Drug Delivery System
ABSTRACT. Buccal administration of drug provides a convenient route of administration for both systemic and local drug actions. The preferred site for retentive oral transmucosal delivery systems and for sustained and controlled release delivery device is the buccal mucosa. Rapid developments in the field of molecular biology and gene technology resulted in generation of many macromolecular drugs including peptides, proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids in great number possessing superior pharmacological efficacy with site specificity and devoid of untoward and toxic effects. However, the main impediment for the oral delivery of such drugs as potential therapeutic agents is their extensive presystemic metabolism, instability in acidic environment resulting into inadequate and erratic oral absorption. Direct access to the systemic circulation through the internal jugular vein bypasses drug from the hepatic first pass metabolism leading to high bioavailability. The objective of this article ...
italy water soluble film,Find italy water soluble film Manufacturers, Suppliers on ECVERY.comitaly water soluble film,Find italy water soluble film Manufacturers, Suppliers on ECVERY.com
italy water soluble film manufacturers and italy water soluble film suppliers Directory - Find italy water soluble film Manufacturers, Exporters and italy water soluble film suppliers on ECVERY.com
5-Fluorouracil Buccal Tablets for Locoregional Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Formulation, Drug Release and...5-Fluorouracil Buccal Tablets for Locoregional Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Formulation, Drug Release and...
Title: 5-Fluorouracil Buccal Tablets for Locoregional Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Formulation, Drug Release and Histological Effects on Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium and Porcine Buccal Mucosa. VOLUME: 7 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):Libero Italo Giannola, Viviana De Caro, Giulia Giandalia, Maria Gabriella Siragusa, Carlo Paderni, Giuseppina Campisi and Ada Maria Florena. Affiliation:Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technologies, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32,90123 Palermo, Italy.. Keywords:5-Fluorouracil, Locoregional drug delivery, Porcine buccal mucosa, Reconstituted human oral epithelium, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Buccal tablets. Abstract: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is currently used for treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). 5-FU is given by i.v. although the systemic administration is associated with severe toxic effects and no topical formulations of 5-FU for buccal drug delivery have been reported. In this study we would report the development ...
FDA To Change Testosterone Risk on Label | Urology Care AllianceFDA To Change Testosterone Risk on Label | Urology Care Alliance
Going forward testosterone product labels will be required to carry a general warning about the risk of blood clots in the veins. This warning is in addition to current product warnings about the dangers of blot clots for those patients with polycythemia.. The FDA stated it was acting amidst its ongoing cardiovascular risk assessment of testosterone products and on reports of venous blood clots unrelated to polycythemia. This recommendation is unrelated other ongoing investigations and studies related to men taking testosterone products.. The FDA said it will also be taking steps to ensure that the venous clot risk is consistently labeled across all approved testosterone products, which include testosterone topical gel, transdermal patches, buccal administration, and injections.. Patients are encouraged to discuss testosterone products with their physicians to assure the latest information is available.. ...
DailyMed - NITROSTAT- nitroglycerin tabletDailyMed - NITROSTAT- nitroglycerin tablet
Only the smallest dose required for effective relief of the acute anginal attack should be used. Excessive use may lead to the development of tolerance. Nitrostat tablets are intended for sublingual or buccal administration and should not be swallowed. Severe hypotension, particularly with upright posture, may occur with small doses of nitroglycerin. This drug should therefore be used with caution in patients who may be volume-depleted or who, for whatever reason, are already hypotensive. Hypotension induced by nitroglycerin may be accompanied by paradoxical bradycardia and increased angina pectoris. Nitrate therapy may aggravate the angina caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. As tolerance to other forms of nitroglycerin develops, the effects of sublingual nitroglycerin on exercise tolerance, although still observable, is blunted. In industrial workers who have had long-term exposure to unknown (presumably high) doses of organic nitrates, tolerance rarely occurs. Chest pain, acute myocardial ...
What are the side effects of fentanyl buccal soluble film? | Opiate Agonists - SharecareWhat are the side effects of fentanyl buccal soluble film? | Opiate Agonists - Sharecare
Seek emergency care if you experience signs of an allergic reaction to fentanyl film, which may include: difficulty breathing, hives or rash, swelling
WJPR | ABSTRACTWJPR | ABSTRACT
Nawal A. Rajab* and Zainab Ahmed Sadeq. ABSTRACT. Drug delivery through buccal mucosa is a novel method for local and systemic treatment because buccal mucosa is permeable with rich blood supply and allow long- time retention of dosage from. The objective of this study is to prepare captopril as mucoadhesive buccal patch by solvent casting method and studying the effect of changing plasticizer type and increasing the drug amount on the physical and mechanical behavior of film and in vitro drug release study .The patch was prepared using hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose K4 (HPMC) as patch forming polymer with secondary polymer (carbopol 934) and propylene glycol as plasticizer (30% of total polymer weight). The patches were prepared by solvent casting method and evaluated for weight variation, surface pH, mechanical properties, content uniformity, ex-vivo mucoadhesive strength and in-vitro drug release study. Formula F5containing HPMC as primary polymer with carbopol 934 as secondary polymer was ...
Epilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam and Rectal Diazepam - Full Day | Epilepsy ActiveEpilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam and Rectal Diazepam - Full Day | Epilepsy Active
Duration: This eight hour course will enable delegates to recognise and have confidence to support people experiencing different seizure types safely with dignity, and recognise the emergency situation and act as appropriate. This training will equip delegates with an understanding of the theory & practice of administering buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam safely according to the individual care plan.. This training facilitates safe, dignified and appropriate administration of this medication providing all the necessary guidelines, policies and procedures are in place and followed.. Assessment of learning is carried out during the course through supervised demonstrations, and questions and answers. It is recommended that following this course employer organisations provide work based assessment and initial supervision of practice.. This course is delivered in line with the current Joint Epilepsy Council Guidelines.. Due to the practical component, places are restricted to 10.. Delegates: This ...
Fentanyl Soluble Film - patient information, description, dosage and directions.Fentanyl Soluble Film - patient information, description, dosage and directions.
Description of the drug Fentanyl Soluble Film. - patient information, description, dosage and directions. What is Fentanyl Soluble Film!
Comparison of the systemic and local pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of clonidine mucoadhesive buccal tablets with...Comparison of the systemic and local pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of clonidine mucoadhesive buccal tablets with...
OncologyPRO is the home of ESMOs educational & scientific resources, with exclusive content for ESMO members such as ESMOs Congresses webcasts,
Radiation Oncology AssociatesRadiation Oncology Associates
Onsolis (fentanyl buccal soluble film) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain.[1]. Pain may be a side effect of cancer treatment or may be caused by the cancer itself. If not adequately managed, pain may have a tremendous effect on quality of life. Many cancer patients with chronic pain receive treatment with an opioid; however, they continue to experience flares of pain referred to as breakthrough pain. Breakthrough pain can become intensely painful within a few minutes, yet an opioid can take up to 30-60 minutes to take effect.. Onsolis delivers a potent opioid drug called fentanyl through an absorbable film that adheres to the inside of a patients cheek. The drug is designed to target pain more quickly. It is currently indicated for the treatment of cancer patients over the age of 18 who have developed a tolerance to opioid therapy.. Onsolis is subject to abuse and was approved with a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy ...
Drug alerts for Buccal MidazolamDrug alerts for Buccal Midazolam
Please note 2 drug alerts have recently been issued for Buccal Midazolam by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Thes
Fentanyl Buccal TabletsFentanyl Buccal Tablets
... are approved for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. This eMedTV page offers a complete overview of this narcotic medication, including details on when and how to take the tablets, abuse potential, and possible side effects.
Buccal drug delivery systems<...Buccal drug delivery systems<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Buccal drug delivery systems. AU - Smart, John. AU - Keegan, Gemma. PY - 2010/1/1. Y1 - 2010/1/1. N2 - Review of drug dleivery systems used within the oral cavity. AB - Review of drug dleivery systems used within the oral cavity. M3 - Chapter. SN - 9780470253175. SP - 169. EP - 184. BT - Oral controlled release formulation design and drug delivery: theory to practice. A2 - Wen, Hong. A2 - Park, Kinam. PB - John Wiley & Sons. CY - New Jersey. ER - ...
Intraoral external oblique ridge compared with transbuccal lateral cortical plate fixation for the treatment of fractures of...Intraoral external oblique ridge compared with transbuccal lateral cortical plate fixation for the treatment of fractures of...
Since the initial description by Michelet et al. and research by Champy et al. the placement of a single, four-hole, monocortical, osteosynthesis plate has been considered an acceptable method of fixation for a fracture of the mandibular angle. We investigated the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the incidence of postoperative removal of an infected plate between miniplates placed on the mandibular external oblique ridge and those placed on the buccal surface of the mandible through a transbuccal approach to treat a fracture of the angle of the mandible. Patients were randomised to having their angle fractures treated with a ridge plate placed intraorally or transbucally. Other variables were investigated including the effect of smoking, drinking alcohol, oral hygiene, and the method of holding the reduction on removal of the plate, occlusal outcome, and degree of preoperative anatomical displacement and postoperative reduction. We also studied the operating time required for the ...
Formulation And Evaluation Of Buccoadhesive Films of Lidocaine HydrochlorideFormulation And Evaluation Of Buccoadhesive Films of Lidocaine Hydrochloride
Buccal delivery is considered the most suitable, easy, and safest route of administration. So it can be used as an alternative route to the peroral route for the systemic administration of drugs. Oral films (OFs) are used as a unique approach, because it dissolves quickly in the mouth and directly reaches to the systemic circulation. The aim of this study is to formulate and evaluate OF of an anaethetic drug lidocaine (LH) and improve its local effect. Oral films were prepared by using chitosan and polyvinylpyrolidone. OFs were assessed for compatibility studies, surface pH, swelling properties, In-Vitro bioadhesion, mechanical properties, disintegration time, dissolution time and in- vitro drug release. It was found that actual LH content in the prepared patch was in the range of 95-105% of the claimed content. The addition of propylene glycol as a plasticizer gave good mechanical properties in concentration of 40%. The prepared oral films swelled and reached an Equilibrium state of swelling. The
Buccal Drug Delivery System-A Novel Drug Delivery System-Indian JournalsBuccal Drug Delivery System-A Novel Drug Delivery System-Indian Journals
Buccal delivery is defined as drug administration through the mucosal membranes lining the cheeks (buccal mucosa). The main impediment to the use of many hydrophilic macromolecular drugs as potential therapeutic agents is their inadequate and erratic oral absorption. The future challenge of pharmaceutical scientists is to develop effective non-parenteral delivery of intact proteins and peptides to the systemic circulation. Based on our current understanding of biochemical and physiological aspects of absorption and metabolism of many biotechnologically produced drugs, they cannot be delivered effectively through the conventional oral route. Because after oral administration many drugs are subjected to presystemic clearance extensive in liver, which often leads to a lack of significant correlation between membrane permeability, absorption, and bioavailability.
BUCCAL DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES- IBUCCAL DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES- I
The original concept of bioadhesive polymers as platforms for oral controlled drug delivery was to use these polymers to control and to prolong the GI transit of oral controlled delivery systems for all kinds of drugs. Several in vitro and ex vivo methods to test the bioadhesive properties of polymers and/or of coated microparticles have been described. Whereas bioadhesion has found interesting applications for other routes of administration (buccal, nasal, rectal and vaginal), it now seems that the controlling approach of GI transit has been abandoned before having shown any significant clinical outcome. According to in vivo results obtained in animals and in humans, it does not seem that mucoadhesive polymers are able to control and slow down significantly the GI transit of solid delivery systems. Attention should be paid to possible occurrence of local ulcerous side effects due to the intimate contact of the system with mucosa for prolonged periods of time. As an example, oesophageal ...
Galena Biopharma to market anti-vomit oral soluble film to cancer patients | FiercePharmaGalena Biopharma to market anti-vomit oral soluble film to cancer patients | FiercePharma
Galena Biopharma believes that its experienced oncology sales team will enable it to effectively market Zuplenz, the only oral soluble film for preventing vomiting following chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which it will soon offer thanks to a licensing agreement struck with MonoSol Rx, the developer of the products delivery technology.
Patent US7619130 - Multi-layer wound dressing formed as a single unit - Google PatentsPatent US7619130 - Multi-layer wound dressing formed as a single unit - Google Patents
A wound dressing comprising a backing layer, a skin facing layer and an absorbent layer between the backing layer and the skin facing layer, characterised in that at least a part of the absorbent layer is adjacent to the backing layer, the backing layer and the absorbent layer are mutually displaceable, and that the skin facing layer is located at the skin facing surface of the backing layer.
JPSBR Vol 5 Issue 3JPSBR Vol 5 Issue 3
performance characteristics as plasticized hydrocolloids, API taste masking agents are being laminated by solvent casting and semisolid casting method. Solvent casting method being the most preferred method over other methods because it offers great uniformity of thickness and ...
Articles | International Journal of FarmaciaArticles | International Journal of Farmacia
The objective of the present study was to develop mucoadhesive buccal films of losartan potassium using sodium alginate, chitosan, and their conjugated derivatives at different concentrations by solvent casting technique. Glycerin was used as plasticizer, at different weight ratios. The conjugation of polymers (sodium alginate-cysteine and chitosan-thioglycolic acid) was confirmed by FTIR study. The resulted conjugated sodium alginate and chitosan displayed 475.64±24.31 and 305±31.21 μmol thiol groups per g conjugate, respectively. The developed films were evaluated by different parameters such as weight uniformity, thickness, surface pH, swelling index, in vitro residence time, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro and ex vivo drug permeation. The results indicated that the formulations S5, C4, Cs and Cc showed better characteristic properties and drug permeation. Good results were obtained both in vitro and ex vivo conditions for optimized film. A higher glycerin percent in films increased the ...
Fentanyl buccal tabletFentanyl buccal tablet
Tell your health care provider if your pain does not go away, if it gets worse, or if you have new or a different type of pain. You may develop tolerance to this drug. Tolerance means that you will need a higher dose of the drug for pain relief. Tolerance is normal and is expected if you take this drug for a long time.. Do not suddenly stop taking your drug because you may develop a severe reaction. Your body becomes used to the drug. This does NOT mean you are addicted. Addiction is a behavior related to getting and using a drug for a nonmedical reason. If you have pain, you have a medical reason to take pain drug. Your health care provider will tell you how much drug to take. If your health care provider wants you to stop the drug, the dose will be slowly lowered over time to avoid any side effects.. If you take other drugs that also cause drowsiness like other narcotic pain drugs, benzodiazepines, or other drugs for sleep, you may have more side effects. Give your health care provider a list ...
Fentora (fentanyl buccal tablet). | PSNetFentora (fentanyl buccal tablet). | PSNet
This announcement provides specific instructions on safe prescribing of a cancer pain medication in response to several patient deaths associated with off-label use.
A Review of Transbuccal Fentanyl Use in the Emergency DepartmentA Review of Transbuccal Fentanyl Use in the Emergency Department
Pain Research and Treatment is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical focusing on laboratory and clinical findings in the field of pain research and the prevention and treatment of pain. The journal welcomes submissions in the areas of chronic pain, anaesthesia, dentistry and oral medicine, rheumatology, and drug development.
Midatech Pharma - News 2016Midatech Pharma - News 2016
Midatech Pharma US Announces Partnership with R-Pharm US to Co-promote Zuplenz® (ondansetron) oral soluble film and Oravig® (miconazole) orally-dissolving buccal tablet ...
How Oral Soluble Films are helping Caretakers improve medicine adherence - ZIMLABHow Oral Soluble Films are helping Caretakers improve medicine adherence - ZIMLAB
The films are known for their utilitarian aspect in the field of Pediatrics and Geriatrics as they are conducive for intake by the people on different sides of the spectrum. No more fear of swallowing of medicines by kids, old patients or patients with special needs. OSF a real so useful for psychiatric patients and they offer a greater benefit for those with certain disabilities like paralysis. The thin films can be easily administered to non-cooperative patients and there are little chances of the patient spitting it out. They also ensure patient safety and avoid any risk of suffocation or choking.. In cases of patients with excess coughing, asthma, bronchitis, nausea, allergic attack and others, the thin film offers a convenient solution for drug administration. Zim Laboratories with its prolonged research is bringing safer drug delivery systems that are compliance-oriented and rank high on patient convenience and adherence.. ...
Patent US6953602 - Pattern coated adhesive article - Google PatentsPatent US6953602 - Pattern coated adhesive article - Google Patents
The invention relates to a adhesive article comprising at least one backing layer with a first and second surface and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer adhered first surface of the backing layer in a pattern, wherein the pattern of the adhesive layer has an adhesive free area of less than about 25% and wherein the adhesive article has a water vapor transmission rate of greater than about 2000 g/m2/24 hour. The invention also relates to a method of forming an adhesive article comprising (a) providing a release liner, (b) applying pressure sensitive adhesive in a pattern wherein the free adhesive area is less than 25%, and (c) applying a backing layer to the pressure sensitive adhesive.
Advantages and Limitations of Oral Thin Films - ZIMLABAdvantages and Limitations of Oral Thin Films - ZIMLAB
When we talk about medical treatment, doctors and physicians only cover the initial phase of the entire process, albeit an important one. Patients, and by extension their caretakers, need to follow through to make sure that the adherence to medications is followed through.. A lot of failures in treatment are due to non-adherence of medications and thats either because of irresponsible behavior or because of the challenges faced by the patient to follow through on the prescribed medication. In order to avoid this, pharmaceutical innovation is boosting alternative drug delivery methods to make it more convenient.. One such innovation is the Orally Soluble Film.. Forced medication can leave a patient emotionally traumatized. Orally Soluble Film dissolves immediately on contact with saliva when consumed, which is why it doesnt need to be forced down a patients throat. It makes OSF the safest option for medication. Moreover, it doesnt need water for consumption, can be carried around easily, and ...
Effect of stiffness of polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane on cell proliferation | ScholarBank@NUSEffect of stiffness of polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane on cell proliferation | [email protected]
Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been fabricated into ultra thin membranes (5 ± 0.01 μm to 30 ± 0.01 μm) for tissue engineering applications by biaxial stretching. However, the traditional solvent casting method raises concerns pertaining toxicity. Heated roll milling technology was included into the fabrication process to achieve a solvent-free biomaterial. The ideal substrate environment that promotes cellular proliferation has been a persistent area of interest in tissue engineering. Other than being biocompatible, the issue of cell proliferation is also important and is hypothesized as a function of the stiffness of the substrate material. This paper reports on experiments carried out to investigate and verify the effect of stiffness of the PCL membrane on fibroblast cell proliferation. Results indicated that 3T3 fibroblasts, belonging to soft tissues, prefer to proliferate in a lower stiffness (0.05 ± 0.01 N/mm) environment, which is closer to its native environment. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. ...
Testosterone (Buccal Route) Precautions - Mayo ClinicTestosterone (Buccal Route) Precautions - Mayo Clinic
This medicine should not be used by women who are pregnant or might become pregnant. Testosterone may cause birth defects if a pregnant woman comes in contact with the medicine. Make sure your doctor knows if your sexual partner is pregnant. If a pregnancy occurs while you are using this medicine, tell your doctor right away. This medicine may increase the risk of prostate cancer, especially in older men. Make sure your doctor knows if you have prostate cancer, or if anyone in your family has prostate cancer. This medicine may cause blood clotting problems. Tell your doctor right away if you have pain, redness, or swelling in the arm or leg, shortness of breath, or trouble breathing. This medicine may increase your risk of having heart or blood vessel problems, including a heart attack or stroke. Tell your doctor right away if you have chest pain that may spread to your arms, jaw, back, or neck, faintness, headache, nausea, vomiting, trouble breathing, trouble seeing or speaking, or unusual ...
Maxsize C++ String Substring - Www.cesilie.comMaxsize C++ String Substring - Www.cesilie.com
Roles including revenue from $. Good health implications for designing drugs to present at central. Genes, the pharma ag arius. Newly-identified gene discovery infrastructure supporting. Issue of dxs, said: i trial designed more. Grant funding level of canadas leading e-health offering a number. Entered into corporate office decision also excited about arriva-prometic inc. Quantitatively profiles in animal study. Index global life. Nt-probnp, which enables drugs enter and we had the almost maxsize html validator firefox plugin went multimedia chemotherapy. Proliferating viable product in january, have the inability or events. $9,862,565 at this relationship with partners. Generexs buccal delivery device light for pipedreams maxsize reviews formula boats association your and asthma in 2002 the let maxsize matlab tutorial youtube wondering viejo period. Nsclc is believed to differ from and central maxsize matlab simulink training and reductase outside. Delivery technologies and potentially ...
Buccal Absorption of Drugs | Springer for Research & DevelopmentBuccal Absorption of Drugs | Springer for Research & Development
The buccal cavity is lined with a mucous membrane which, like the lining of the entire alimentary canal, behaves as a lipoidal barrier to the passage of drugs ( Schanker, 1962). In general, drugs...
News | Infection control rangeNews | Infection control range
The page also includes links to recent online resources and guidelines relating to anaesthesia and critical care providers in relation to Covid-19 including those from WFSA, AAGBI and Public Health England ...
Preparing for Pandemic Flu: New Infection Control Product Now AvailablePreparing for Pandemic Flu: New Infection Control Product Now Available
Asheville, NC (PRWEB) July 17, 2006 -- With the growing threat of pandemic flu, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reminds everyone that simple
Process-directed self-assembly of multiblock copolymers: Solvent casting vs spray coating | Springer for Research & DevelopmentProcess-directed self-assembly of multiblock copolymers: Solvent casting vs spray coating | Springer for Research & Development
Using computer simulation of a soft, coarse-grained model and self-consistent field theory we investigate how collapsed, globular chain conformations in the initial stages of structure formation,...
Patent US5922256 - Molding method for making plastic foam-backed shells - Google PatentsPatent US5922256 - Molding method for making plastic foam-backed shells - Google Patents
A method of molding a plastic shell having an outer pliable skin layer and a foam backing layer comprises casting a first skin layer portion from wear resistant material in a first casting sequence for those areas of the panel susceptible to high wear and in a second casting sequence casting self-skinning foamable material against the remaining portion of the mold surface and over the first-cast skin layer portion to develop, simultaneously, the remaining outer skin layer portion of the shell and a foam backing layer which extends across the entire skin layer.
Buy Acyrax (Acyclovir) OnlineBuy Acyrax (Acyclovir) Online
Buy Acyrax Online! Acyrax is a prescription medication used to treat infections caused by the varicella-zoster and herpes viruses. Acyrax comes in a buccal tablet that is applied as a singe dose to the upper gum region.
Patente US6506053 - Systems for treating teeth - Google PatentesPatente US6506053 - Systems for treating teeth - Google Patentes
A system for whitening, remineralizing, strengthening, reducing hypersensitivity, treating infections with antibiotics or antimicrobials, or otherwise treating a persons teeth including a gel with a therapeutic agent contained therein is disclosed. The gel is supported and carried in a channel formed in the central area of a strip of core material that also functions as a gum protective liner. A release liner may be applied to the top of the combined gel and core and is removed to expose the gel when the system is to be used. Applied to the lower side of the core is a releasable backing layer that supports the gel and core and functions as an applicator for the system.
Salbutamol Sulphate (CAS 51022-70-9) Manufacturers, Suppliers & ExportersSalbutamol Sulphate (CAS 51022-70-9) Manufacturers, Suppliers & Exporters
Browse updated listing of salbutamol sulphate (cas 51022-70-9), salbutamol sulphate manufacturers, salbutamol sulphate suppliers and exporters. These salbutamol sulphate manufacturing companies offer high quality products to their clients.
Prehospital IM midazolam for seizuresPrehospital IM midazolam for seizures
Intramuscular midazolam is at least as safe and effective as intravenous lorazepam for the prehospital management of status epilepticus. In his blog EM Literature of Note, Dr Ryan Radecki looks forward to a similar trial comparing nasal midazolam, which would reduce the risk from injections. Read his full critique here. Buccal midazolam 0.5 mg/kg is of course also an option, as described in the Advanced Paediatric Life Support manual:. If using the buccal route, draw up the higher dose (0.5mg) of the IV preparation using a needle (to avoid any fragments of glass from the ampoule) and after removing the needle, inject the drug into the buccal area between the lower bottom lip and the gum margin at the side of the mouth. Buccal midazolam is twice as effective as rectal diazepam, but both drugs produce the same level and degree of respiratory depression.. ...
Cell-penetrating peptide enhanced insulin buccal absorptionCell-penetrating peptide enhanced insulin buccal absorption
Non-injectable delivery of peptides and proteins is not feasible due to the limitations of large molecular mass, high hydrophilic properties, and gastrointestinal degradation. Therefore, proposing a new method to solve this problem is a burning issue. The objective of this study was to propose a novel protein delivery strategy to overcome the poor efficacy and irritation of buccal insulin delivery. In this study, we applied a conjugate of cell-penetrating peptides (LMWP) and insulin (INS-PEG-LMWP) for buccal delivery. INS-PEG-LMWP was prepared using insulin solution and mixture as references. The transport behaviour, in vivo bioactivity, hypoglycaemic effect, and safety of INS-PEG-LMWP were systematically characterised. An in vitro study demonstrated that the uptake and transportation of INS-PEG-LMWP across buccal mucosal multilayers significantly increased. By comparing the effects of different endocytic inhibitors on INS-PEG-LMWP uptake, the conjugate might be delivered via an energy ...
Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Preparation of Mucoadhesive Oral Patches Containing Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Carvacrol for...Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Preparation of Mucoadhesive Oral Patches Containing Tetracycline Hydrochloride and Carvacrol for...
The specific aim of this work was to prepare mucoadhesive patches containing tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol in an attempt to develop a novel oral drug delivery system for the treatment of mouth infections. The bilayered patches were prepared using ethyl cellulose as a backing layer and carbopol 934 as a matrix mucoadhesive layer. Patches were prepared with different loading amounts of tetracycline hydrochloride and carvacrol. The antimicrobial activity was assessed for the prepared patches using the disc-diffusion method against the yeast Candida albicans and five bacterial strains, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus bronchispti. In this work, we highlighted the possibility of occurrence of a synergistic action between carvacrol and tetracycline. The best formulation was selected based on microbiological tests, drug release, ex-vivo mucoadhesive performance, and swelling index. Physical characteristics of the selected
ULTRASONIC PROBE, AND ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS USING THE SAME - Patent applicationULTRASONIC PROBE, AND ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS USING THE SAME - Patent application
0088]More specifically, a new material for reducing the linear expansion coefficient of the backing layer is mixed in the backing layer as thermal effect reducing means for reducing a thermal effect caused by the difference in linear expansion coefficient between the backing layer an the substrate of the cMUT chip. The new material is a third material different from the metal (for example, tungsten, ferrite, Pt, ceramic fine particle, etc.) and the resin (for example, polyamide resin, epoxy resin, copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, rubber, etc.) which constitute the backing layer. The third material is formed of glass-like material containing silica (SiO2) as a main component, and it may be glass fiber or the like, for example. The new material has a linear expansion coefficient of about 0.5 ppm/° C. (in the case of quartz glass) or about 9 ppm/° C. (in the case of general glass), and thus the linear expansion coefficient of the backing layer can be reduced as a whole. The linear ...
Preparation and Characterization of Salbutamol Sulphate Loaded Ethyl Cellulose Microspheres using Water-in-Oil-Oil Emulsion...Preparation and Characterization of Salbutamol Sulphate Loaded Ethyl Cellulose Microspheres using Water-in-Oil-Oil Emulsion...
The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparations of a highly water/soluble drug, salbutamol sulphate by (water in oil) in oil emulsion technique using ethyl cellulose as the retardant material. Various processing and formulation parameters such as drug/polymer ratio, stirring speed, volume of processing medium were optimized to maximize the entrapment. The release of salbutamol sulphate from ethyl cellulose microsphere was compared and possible release mechanism proposed. Microspheres were prepared by water in oil emulsion technique using acetonitrile/dichloromethane (1:1 ratio) solvent system. Span 80 was used as the dispersing agent and n-hexane was added to harden the microspheres. The prepared microspheres were characterized for their micromeritic properties and drug loading, as well as compatibility by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in-vitro
A crossover pharmacokinetic study of misoprostol by the oral, sublingual and buccal routes.A crossover pharmacokinetic study of misoprostol by the oral, sublingual and buccal routes.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of 800 μg oral, sublingual and buccal misoprostol in healthy non-pregnant women. METHODS: This was an open-label, randomised study with a three-way crossover design. Eighteen participants were randomly assigned to treatment sequences of 800 μg oral, sublingual and buccal misoprostol administered under fasting conditions, with a 7-day washout period. Ten participants completed all routes. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters measured were the area under the plasma misoprostol acid concentration-time curve (AUC) from dosing to last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t), the AUC from 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax). Secondary parameters included the plasma elimination rate constant (ke), the half-life and the mean residence time (MRT). RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in AUC0-∞, AUC0-t and Cmax at the p | 0.05 level for the three routes of administration.
PLGA-PLL/γPGA-EboDNA nanoparticle-encapsulated microneedle patch on PVA/PVP backing layerPLGA-PLL/γPGA-EboDNA nanoparticle-encapsulated microneedle patch on PVA/PVP backing layer
Page contains details about PLGA-PLL/γPGA-EboDNA nanoparticle-encapsulated microneedle patch on PVA/PVP backing layer . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com
Buying Testosterone Pills From Online StoresBuying Testosterone Pills From Online Stores
Erectile dysfunction. Can sildenafil citrate help?. While the famous blue pill can help you with your penile problems, it cannot help you burn fat and boost your depleted muscle mass. The good news is that you can depend on synthetic versions of Testosterone pills to fulfill your dreams. They work on the same principle as natural testosterone and have hardly any side effects. In fact, movie stars and bodybuilders also depend on Testosterone tablets to maintain their physique and slim figure, although they will never reveal this information. If this is not enough, this synthetic hormone also has anti aging properties. Therefore, you can depend on it to regain your youthful looks too. Some of the side effects associated with this hormone include oily skin and mild fluid retention. However, the pros of Testosterone tablets far outweigh its side effects. You can buy Testosterone from online stores, Search Google for Testosterone for sale and you will come up with thousands of results. Exercise ...
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Administration, OralDrug Administration ScheduleInjections, IntravenousUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationDrug Administration RoutesDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-DawleyTime FactorsAdministration, IntranasalRats, WistarInjections, IntraperitonealDisease Models, AnimalInjections, SubcutaneousAdministration, RectalLiverMice, Inbred C57BLBiological AvailabilityInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, TopicalInfusions, IntravenousHalf-LifeAdministration, IntravenousDrug InteractionsArea Under CurveInjections, IntraventricularMice, Inbred BALB CRats, Inbred StrainsAdministration, CutaneousTissue DistributionDogsDouble-Blind MethodCross-Over StudiesTreatment OutcomeBlood PressureAdministration, SublingualBrainAdministration, InhalationKidneyInfusions, ParenteralBody WeightRandom AllocationBehavior, AnimalDrug ToleranceMorphineRecombinant ProteinsPlant ExtractsInjectionsAnalysis of VarianceInjections, SpinalOrgan SizeMetabolic Clearance RateChromatography, High Pressure LiquidRNA, MessengerRabbitsMice, Inbred ICRLungRats, Inbred F344Analgesics, OpioidSelf AdministrationEthanolHeart RatePregnancyEstradiolMotor ActivityAntineoplastic AgentsDrug CombinationsMice, KnockoutHemodynamicsMice, Inbred StrainsDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalAnalgesicsDrug Therapy, CombinationEnzyme InhibitorsInjections, Intra-ArterialAdministration, BuccalSpleenPiperidinesProdrugsAntibodies, MonoclonalIntestinal AbsorptionBlood GlucoseDrug ApprovalAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug SynergismCocaineNaloxoneEatingUnited StatesDopamineGenetic TherapyNitric OxideCytokinesHydrocortisoneAbsorptionCells, CulturedLipopolysaccharidesImmunohistochemistryDelayed-Action PreparationsInsulinPain MeasurementPainBiotransformationTestosteroneAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrodialysisDexamethasoneProgesteroneGenetic VectorsGrowth HormoneAdministration, IntravaginalInflammationTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAnimals, NewbornAntioxidantsBody TemperatureModels, AnimalDrug Delivery SystemsNarcotic AntagonistsKineticsBileUnited States Department of Veterans AffairsGonadotropin-Releasing HormonePhytotherapyDrugs, Chinese HerbalVasodilator AgentsPyridinesLuteinizing HormoneDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalPiperazinesNeoplasms, ExperimentalProspective StudiesMice, NudeDevice ApprovalMice, TransgenicNeoplasm TransplantationApoptosisInfusion PumpsPyrazolesGlucocorticoidsRegional Blood FlowMethamphetamineSerotoninNorepinephrineAdjuvants, ImmunologicNeoplasmsDiazepamCorticosteroneSwineAnesthesiaChemistry, PharmaceuticalAdrenocorticotropic HormoneDrug CarriersCentral Nervous System StimulantsOvariectomyHyperalgesiaNeuroprotective AgentsMice, Inbred C3HLeukocyte CountHypnotics and SedativesGene ExpressionAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticIntestinesHaloperidolDrug-Induced Liver InjuryImidazolesAnti-Anxiety AgentsIndomethacinBrain ChemistryPlacebosSuppositoriesHypothalamusGene Expression RegulationSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAdenoviridaeIodine RadioisotopesEdemaSignal TransductionNeuronsNitric Oxide SynthaseInfusion Pumps, ImplantableChorionic GonadotropinFecesBlotting, WesternNarcoticsOxidative StressClinical Trials as TopicErythropoietinAcute DiseaseHypoglycemic AgentsRats, Inbred LewEndotoxinsSheepImmunoglobulin GMyocardiumNicotineSulfonamidesAmphetamineInjections, IntradermalCorpus StriatumIntestinal Mucosa
Inferior alveolar nerve anaesthesiaInferior alveolar nerve anaesthesia
However, depending on technique, the long buccal nerve may not be anesthetized by an IANB and therefore an area of buccal ... Administration of anesthesia near the mandibular foramen causes blockage of the inferior alveolar nerve and the nearby lingual ... Another symptom that can occur is "lingual shock" as the needle passes by the lingual nerve during administration. The patient ... Aker, F. D. (2001). "Blocking the buccal nerve using two methods of inferior alveolar block injection". Clinical Anatomy (New ...
25C-NBOMe25C-NBOMe
Buccal, sublingual or insufflated routes of administration are all viable options. Absorption rate buccally and sublingually ... "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015. " ... Drug Enforcement Administration (2015). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Extension of Temporary Placement of Three ... Thomas M. Harrigan (10 October 2013). "Proposed Rules" (PDF). Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
Orally disintegrating tabletOrally disintegrating tablet
Food and Drug Administration (36 ed.). Food and Drug Administration. 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2016. Abilify Prescribing ... Tablets designed to dissolve on the buccal (cheek) mucous membrane were a precursor to the ODT. This dosage form was intended ... The first ODT form of a drug to get approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was a Zydis ODT formation of ... However, a fast disintegration time and a small tablet weight can enhance absorption in the buccal area. The first ODTs ...
Oxytocin (medication)Oxytocin (medication)
Buccal: Oxytocin used to be delivered in buccal tablets but it is not common practice any more. Under the tongue: Oxytocin is ... Nasal administration: Oxytocin is a peptide that is effectively distributed to the brain when administered intranasally via a ... Mehta AC (1986). "Buccal and oral drugs: induction of labour". Acta Chirurgica Hungarica. 27 (3): 157-63. PMID 3469841. De ... Also, systemic oxytocin administration can impair memory retrieval in certain aversive memory tasks. However, oxytocin does ...
DNA databaseDNA database
This provides a mechanism for judges to request the offender to provide blood, buccal swabs, or hair samples from DNA profiles ... It has become one of the most powerful tools available to law enforcement agencies for the administration of justice. NDDB ...
MucoadhesionMucoadhesion
This route of administration is used for the therapy of bladder cancer and interstitial cystitis. The retention of dosage forms ... Permeation sites can be separated into two groups: sublingual and buccal, in which the former is much more permeable than the ... Consequently, direct administration through the fibrous tunic is common. This is made difficult due to the numerous defense ... With a 0.1-0.7 mm thick mucus layer, the oral cavity serves as an important route of administration for mucoadhesive dosages. ...
Route of administrationRoute of administration
sublingual and buccal medication administration is a way of giving someone medicine orally (by mouth). Sublingual ... The word "sublingual" means "under the tongue." Buccal administration involves placement of the drug between the gums and the ... Strictly enteral administration (directly into the intestines) can be used for systemic administration, as well as local ( ... extra-amniotic administration, between the endometrium and fetal membranes nasal administration (through the nose) can be used ...
Sublingual administrationSublingual administration
Lozenge-effects a metred and patient-controlled-rate combination of sublingual, buccal, and oral administration, as with the ... Multi-Purpose Tablets-Soluble tablets for either oral or sublingual (or buccal) administration, often also suitable for ... Sublingual administration has certain advantages over oral administration. Being more direct, it is often faster,[quantify] and ... and is used in the Fentora fentanyl buccal tablet. Almost any form of substance may be amenable to sublingual administration if ...
PaanPaan
In one study (c. 1985), scientists linked malignant tumours to the site of skin or subcutaneous administration of aqueous ... In human populations, they reported observing elevated frequencies of micronucleated cells in buccal mucosa of people who chew ...
WHO Model List of Essential MedicinesWHO Model List of Essential Medicines
for buccal administration when solution for oromucosal administration is not available *^ The presence of both 25 mg/5 mL and ... cloxacillin, dicloxacillin and flucloxacillin are preferred for oral administration due to better bioavailability. ...
Medical abortionMedical abortion
... after a change from vaginal to buccal administration of misoprostol combined with the routine prophylactic administration of ... followed 24-48 hours later by 800 mcg of buccal misoprostol) currently used by Planned Parenthood clinics in the United States ... "Effectiveness of medical abortion with mifepristone and buccal misoprostol through 59 gestational days". Contraception. 80 (3 ...
BenzodiazepineBenzodiazepine
In the community, intravenous administration is not practical and so rectal diazepam or (more recently) buccal midazolam are ... In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration has categorized benzodiazepines into either category D or X meaning ... However, researchers hold contrary opinions regarding the effects of long-term administration. One view is that many of the ... "Approval letter for Ambien" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration. American Geriatrics Society. "Five Things Physicians and ...
Diphtheritic stomatitisDiphtheritic stomatitis
Main treatment involved the administration of antibiotics, in some cases glucose solution or dietary mixtures were additionally ... tongue and buccal mucosa Mouth can often not be closed due to lesions, in serious cases tongue exposed Isolation of ...
Oral administrationOral administration
... is a part of enteral administration, which also includes Buccal, dissolved inside the cheek Sublabial, ... Oral administration is a route of administration where a substance is taken through the mouth. Per os (P.O.) is sometimes used ... TheFreeDictionary > oral administration of medication Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009. ... dissolved under the lip Sublingual administration, dissolved under the tongue, but due to rapid absorption many consider SL a ...
MontelukastMontelukast
Dosage and administration[edit]. The usual dose of montelukast in adults and teenagers is one 10 mg tablet taken orally a day. ... "Formulation, development and in-vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive bilayered buccal patches of montelukast sodium" (PDF) ... In March 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it would investigate whether mood changes and ... It is also used to prevent allergic reactions and asthma flare-ups during the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. It ...
BuccalBuccal
... a body cavity Specifically the cheek The buccal space in the mouth Buccal administration Buccal artery Buccal nerve Buccal ...
Testosterone (medication)Testosterone (medication)
Testosterone buccal tablets and pellet implants do not appear to be available in Canada. Testosterone and/or its esters are ... The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) stated in 2015 that neither the benefits nor the safety of testosterone ... The elimination half-life of testosterone varies depending on the route of administration and formulation and on whether or not ... Strahm E, Emery C, Saugy M, Dvorak J, Saudan C (Dec 2009). "Detection of testosterone administration based on the carbon ...
Buccal administrationBuccal administration
... refers to a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ˈbʌkəl/) area ... Sublabial administration Sublingual administration Route of administration Pharmacology Sattar, M; Sayed, OM; Lane, ME (Aug ... Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral ... Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune tolerance ...
CathinoneCathinone
The absorption of cathinone has two phases: one in the buccal mucosa and one in the stomach and small intestine. The stomach ... The effects of cathinone on the body can be countered by a preceding administration of a dopamine-receptor antagonist. The ...
Sublabial administrationSublabial administration
... , literally "under the lip", from Latin, refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which ... Upper lip administration[edit]. Some drugs are inactive in the digestive tract, but this can be avoided if held between the ... Sublabial administration should not be confused with sublingual administration, which is under the tongue. The frenulum of the ... Buccal (sublabial), sublingual. Solids. *Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT). *Film. *Lollipop. *Sublingual drops ...
Intravitreal administrationIntravitreal administration
Intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance, in which the substance[1] is delivered into the eye. ... Intravitreal administration of drugs is used to treat various conditions of the eye. ... Buccal (sublabial), sublingual. Solids. *Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT). *Film. *Lollipop. *Sublingual drops ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intravitreal_administration&oldid=836379009" ...
Nitroglycerin (drug)Nitroglycerin (drug)
It may also be given as a sublingual or buccal dose in the form of a tablet placed under the tongue or a spray into the mouth ... Continuous administration and absorption (such as provided by daily pills and especially skin patches) accelerate onset of ... "Association of methemoglobinemia and intravenous nitroglycerin administration". Am J Cardiol. 55: 181-3. doi:10.1016/0002-9149( ...
ProchlorperazineProchlorperazine
Intravenous administration can be used to treat status migrainosus. Prochlorperazine is used to prevent vomiting caused by ... Rapid action is also noted after buccal treatment. With oral dosing, the start of action is delayed but the duration somewhat ...
ResveratrolResveratrol
However, the viability of a buccal delivery method is called into question due to the low aqueous solubility of the molecule. ... In a human study involving oral administration of 500 mg over 13 weeks, resveratrol was detected in cerebrospinal fluid, ... CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) Shojaei AH (1998). "Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: a ... The low aqueous solubility greatly limits the amount that can be absorbed through the buccal mucosa. Resveratrol that is ...
ThiomerThiomer
In case of oral administration this 'enzymatic barrier' is even more pronounced as an additional degradation caused by ... Langoth, N; Kalbe, J; Bernkop-Schnürch, A (2005). "Development of a mucoadhesive and permeation enhancing buccal delivery ... Madgulkar, AR; Bhalekar, MR; Kadam, AA (2017). "Improvement of oral bioavailability of lopinavir without co-administration of ... buccal and vaginal route. Moreover, thiomers show great potential in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine ...
Oral candidiasisOral candidiasis
The most common site of involvement is the commissural region of the buccal mucosa, usually on both sides of the mouth. Another ... depending on the route of administration. Topically administered corticosteroids in the mouth may take the form of mouthwashes ... The greatest quantity of Candida species are harbored on the posterior dorsal tongue, followed by the palatal and the buccal ... Pseudomembraneous candidiasis can involve any part of the mouth, but usually it appears on the tongue, buccal mucosae or palate ...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Administration, OralDrug Administration ScheduleInjections, IntravenousUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationDrug Administration RoutesDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-DawleyTime FactorsAdministration, IntranasalRats, WistarInjections, IntraperitonealDisease Models, AnimalInjections, SubcutaneousAdministration, RectalLiverMice, Inbred C57BLBiological AvailabilityInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, TopicalInfusions, IntravenousHalf-LifeAdministration, IntravenousDrug InteractionsArea Under CurveInjections, IntraventricularMice, Inbred BALB CRats, Inbred StrainsAdministration, CutaneousTissue DistributionDogsDouble-Blind MethodCross-Over StudiesTreatment OutcomeBlood PressureAdministration, SublingualBrainAdministration, InhalationKidneyInfusions, ParenteralBody WeightRandom AllocationBehavior, AnimalDrug ToleranceMorphineRecombinant ProteinsPlant ExtractsInjectionsAnalysis of VarianceInjections, SpinalOrgan SizeMetabolic Clearance RateChromatography, High Pressure LiquidRNA, MessengerRabbitsMice, Inbred ICRLungRats, Inbred F344Analgesics, OpioidSelf AdministrationEthanolHeart RatePregnancyEstradiolMotor ActivityAntineoplastic AgentsDrug CombinationsMice, KnockoutHemodynamicsMice, Inbred StrainsDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalAnalgesicsDrug Therapy, CombinationEnzyme InhibitorsInjections, Intra-ArterialAdministration, BuccalSpleenPiperidinesProdrugsAntibodies, MonoclonalIntestinal AbsorptionBlood GlucoseDrug ApprovalAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug SynergismCocaineNaloxoneEatingUnited StatesDopamineGenetic TherapyNitric OxideCytokinesHydrocortisoneAbsorptionCells, CulturedLipopolysaccharidesImmunohistochemistryDelayed-Action PreparationsInsulinPain MeasurementPainBiotransformationTestosteroneAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrodialysisDexamethasoneProgesteroneGenetic VectorsGrowth HormoneAdministration, IntravaginalInflammationTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAnimals, NewbornAntioxidantsBody TemperatureModels, AnimalDrug Delivery SystemsNarcotic AntagonistsKineticsBileUnited States Department of Veterans AffairsGonadotropin-Releasing HormonePhytotherapyDrugs, Chinese HerbalVasodilator AgentsPyridinesLuteinizing HormoneDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalPiperazinesNeoplasms, ExperimentalProspective StudiesMice, NudeDevice ApprovalMice, TransgenicNeoplasm TransplantationApoptosisInfusion PumpsPyrazolesGlucocorticoidsRegional Blood FlowMethamphetamineSerotoninNorepinephrineAdjuvants, ImmunologicNeoplasmsDiazepamCorticosteroneSwineAnesthesiaChemistry, PharmaceuticalAdrenocorticotropic HormoneDrug CarriersCentral Nervous System StimulantsOvariectomyHyperalgesiaNeuroprotective AgentsMice, Inbred C3HLeukocyte CountHypnotics and SedativesGene ExpressionAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticIntestinesHaloperidolDrug-Induced Liver InjuryImidazolesAnti-Anxiety AgentsIndomethacinBrain ChemistryPlacebosSuppositoriesHypothalamusGene Expression RegulationSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAdenoviridaeIodine RadioisotopesEdemaSignal TransductionNeuronsNitric Oxide SynthaseInfusion Pumps, ImplantableChorionic GonadotropinFecesBlotting, WesternNarcoticsOxidative StressClinical Trials as TopicErythropoietinAcute DiseaseHypoglycemic AgentsRats, Inbred LewEndotoxinsSheepImmunoglobulin GMyocardiumNicotineSulfonamidesAmphetamineInjections, IntradermalCorpus StriatumIntestinal Mucosa
Buccal administration - WikipediaBuccal administration - Wikipedia
Buccal administration refers to a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal (/ˈbʌkəl/) area ... Sublabial administration Sublingual administration Route of administration Pharmacology Sattar, M; Sayed, OM; Lane, ME (Aug ... Buccal administration may provide better bioavailability of some drugs and a more rapid onset of action compared to oral ... Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune tolerance ...
en.wikipedia.org
5-Fluorouracil Buccal Tablets for Locoregional Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Formulation, Drug Release and...5-Fluorouracil Buccal Tablets for Locoregional Chemotherapy of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Formulation, Drug Release and...
After tablet administration on buccal tissue specimens, the occurrence of histomorphological effects of 5-FU was highlighted. ... After tablet administration on buccal tissue specimens, the occurrence of histomorphological effects of 5-FU was highlighted. ... although the systemic administration is associated with severe toxic effects and no topical formulations of 5-FU for buccal ... although the systemic administration is associated with severe toxic effects and no topical formulations of 5-FU for buccal ...
eurekaselect.com
Buccal Patches: Boon To Oral Drug Delivery SystemBuccal Patches: Boon To Oral Drug Delivery System
Buccal administration of drug provides a convenient route of administration for both systemic and local drug actions. The ... The objective of this article is to review the developments in buccal adhesive drug delivery system as patches. ... site for retentive oral transmucosal delivery systems and for sustained and controlled release delivery device is the buccal ...
ajptr.com
About Sublingual and Buccal Medication AdministrationAbout Sublingual and Buccal Medication Administration
Sublingual and buccal medication administration are ways to take certain oral drugs. Learn the differences, pros, cons, and ... Sublingual and buccal medication administration are two different ways of giving medication by mouth. Sublingual administration ... Buccal administration involves placing a drug between your gums and cheek, where it also dissolves and is absorbed into your ... Sublingual and Buccal Medication Administration. Medically reviewed by Zara Risoldi Cochrane, PharmD, MS, FASCP on December 5, ...
healthline.com
Buccal administration of human colostrum: impact on the oral microbiota of premature infants. - PubMed - NCBIBuccal administration of human colostrum: impact on the oral microbiota of premature infants. - PubMed - NCBI
Buccal administration of human colostrum: impact on the oral microbiota of premature infants.. Sohn K1, Kalanetra KM2, Mills DA ... Buccal administration of mothers colostrum to VLBW infants influenced the colonization of the oral cavity with differences ... To determine whether the administration of mothers colostrum into the buccal pouch in the first days of life alters the oral ... infants were randomly assigned to receive either colostrum from their mothers directly into the buccal pouch every 2 h for 46 h ...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Impact of the blood sampling site on time-concentration drug profiles following intravenous or buccal drug administration -...Impact of the blood sampling site on time-concentration drug profiles following intravenous or buccal drug administration -...
Impact of the blood sampling site on time-concentration drug profiles following intravenous or buccal drug administration. ... E Impact of the blood sampling site on time-concentration drug profiles following intravenous or buccal drug administration. J ...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com
Induction of labor by buccal administration of oxytocin: review of 50 cases | The Journal of the American Osteopathic...Induction of labor by buccal administration of oxytocin: review of 50 cases | The Journal of the American Osteopathic...
Induction of labor by buccal administration of oxytocin: review of 50 cases. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1973;72(11):1110. doi: . ... Induction of labor by buccal administration of oxytocin: review of 50 cases. The Journal of the American Osteopathic ... Induction of labor by buccal administration of oxytocin: review of 50 cases ... Induction of labor by buccal administration of oxytocin: review of 50 cases ...
jaoa.org
Bunavail (Buprenorphine and Naloxone Buccal Film): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, WarningBunavail (Buprenorphine and Naloxone Buccal Film): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Buprenorphine and Naloxone Buccal Film) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews ... Treatment should be initiated with supervised administration, progressing to unsupervised administration as the patients ... BUNAVAIL buccal film is supplied as a yellow rectangular buccal film in three dosage strengths:. *buprenorphine 2.1 mg/naloxone ... Use the entire BUNAVAIL buccal film. Do not cut, tear, chew, or swallow the buccal film. Your doctor should show you how to use ...
rxlist.com
FENTANYL TABLET - BUCCAL (Fentora) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.FENTANYL TABLET - BUCCAL (Fentora) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug FENTANYL TABLET - BUCCAL. ... Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration. You are ... BUCCAL (Fentora), includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended dosages, and storage information. ... GENERIC NAME: FENTANYL TABLET - BUCCAL (FEN-ta-nil). BRAND NAME(S): Fentora. Warning , Medication Uses , How To Use , Side ... Do not use fentanyl buccal tablets unless you have been regularly taking moderate to large amounts of narcotic pain medication ...
medicinenet.com
TESTOSTERONE SUSTAINED-RELEASE - BUCCAL (Striant) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.TESTOSTERONE SUSTAINED-RELEASE - BUCCAL (Striant) side effects, medical uses, and drug interactions.
Read more about the prescription drug TESTOSTERONE SUSTAINED-RELEASE - BUCCAL. ... BUCCAL (Striant), includes side effects, drug interactions, recommended dosages, and storage information. ... Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs ... GENERIC NAME: TESTOSTERONE SUSTAINED-RELEASE - BUCCAL (tess-TOSS-ter-own). BRAND NAME(S): Striant. Medication Uses , How To Use ...
medicinenet.com
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | AHRQ Patient Safety NetworkFood and Drug Administration (FDA) | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
Fentora (fentanyl buccal tablet). MedWatch Safety Alert. Silver Spring, MD: US Food and Drug Administration; September 13, 2007 ... Silver Spring, MD: US Food and Drug Administration; December 21, 2007. This Food and Drug Administration public health advisory ... The Food and Drug Administrations initiative for safe design and effective use of home medical equipment. Get Citation Weick- ... Quality assessment of spontaneous triggered adverse event reports received by the Food and Drug Administration. Get Citation ...
psnet.ahrq.gov
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) | AHRQ Patient Safety NetworkFood and Drug Administration (FDA) | AHRQ Patient Safety Network
Fentora (fentanyl buccal tablet). MedWatch Safety Alert. Silver Spring, MD: US Food and Drug Administration; September 13, 2007 ... Silver Spring, MD: US Food and Drug Administration; May 6, 2013. This announcement describes the risk of medication mix-ups ... Silver Spring, MD: US Food and Drug Administration; February 28, 2019.. This announcement seeks to raise awareness of the ...
psnet.ahrq.gov
Route of Administration | FDARoute of Administration | FDA
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.. ...
fda.gov
Epilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam and Rectal Diazepam - Full Day | Epilepsy ActiveEpilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam and Rectal Diazepam - Full Day | Epilepsy Active
Epilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam - Full Day * Epilepsy and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam ... Epilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam - Full Day * Epilepsy and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam ... Rectal Diazepam Administration Refresher - Half Day * Epilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam and Rectal ... Rectal Diazepam Administration Refresher - Half Day * Epilepsy Awareness and the Administration of Buccal Midazolam and Rectal ...
epilepsyactive.co.uk
Norvic Training - Administration of Rectal Diazepam and Buccal Midazolam Courses in Norwich, Cambridge and Kings LynnNorvic Training - Administration of Rectal Diazepam and Buccal Midazolam Courses in Norwich, Cambridge and Kings Lynn
Norvic train delegates in the safe and effective administration of rectal diazepam and buccal midazolam. ... Norvic Training offers courses on Administration of Rectal Diazepam and Buccal Midazolam, in Norwich, Kings Lynn, Norfolk, ... Administration of Rectal Diazepam & Buccal Midazolam. *Administration of Rectal Diazepam & Buccal Midazolam ... Administration of Rectal Diazepam & Buccal Midazolam. Course Aims. To train delegates in the safe and effective administration ...
norvictraining.co.uk
Suboxone Dosage Guide - Drugs.comSuboxone Dosage Guide - Drugs.com
Detailed dosage guidelines and administration information for Suboxone (buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride ... Switching Between Sublingual and Buccal Sites of Administration. The systemic exposure of buprenorphine between buccal and ... Buccal Administration. Place one film on the inside of the right or left cheek. If an additional film is necessary to achieve ... Because the exposure to naloxone is somewhat higher after buccal than after sublingual administration, it is recommended that ...
drugs.com
Buprenorphine and Naloxone Sublingual Film - FDA prescribing information, side effects and usesBuprenorphine and Naloxone Sublingual Film - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses
Switching Between Sublingual and Buccal Sites of Administration. The systemic exposure of buprenorphine between buccal and ... Buccal Administration Place one film on the inside of the right or left cheek. If an additional film is necessary to achieve ... Sublingual Film for sublingual or buccal administration (CIII). IMPORTANT:. Keep buprenorphine and naloxone sublingual film in ... Because the exposure to naloxone is somewhat higher after buccal than after sublingual administration, it is recommended that ...
drugs.com
Sublabial administration - WikipediaSublabial administration - Wikipedia
Sublabial administration, literally "under the lip", from Latin, refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which ... Upper lip administration[edit]. Some drugs are inactive in the digestive tract, but this can be avoided if held between the ... Sublabial administration should not be confused with sublingual administration, which is under the tongue. The frenulum of the ... Buccal (sublabial), sublingual. Solids. *Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT). *Film. *Lollipop. *Sublingual drops ...
en.wikipedia.org
Intravitreal administration - WikipediaIntravitreal administration - Wikipedia
Intravitreal is a route of administration of a drug or other substance, in which the substance[1] is delivered into the eye. ... Intravitreal administration of drugs is used to treat various conditions of the eye. ... Buccal (sublabial), sublingual. Solids. *Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT). *Film. *Lollipop. *Sublingual drops ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intravitreal_administration&oldid=836379009" ...
en.wikipedia.org
Patente US5912007 - Delivery system for the localized administration of medicaments to the upper ... - Google PatentesPatente US5912007 - Delivery system for the localized administration of medicaments to the upper ... - Google Patentes
The present invention pertains to delivery systems for the localized administration of a medicament to the upper respiratory ... Soft buccal. US4695463 *. 24 May 1985. 22 Sep 1987. Warner-Lambert Company. Delivery system for active ingredients and ... The present invention provides for the controlled, in situ formation of a thin, bioadhesive film which may bind to the buccal ... A method for the local administration of a medicament to the upper respiratory tract of a patient which comprises orally ...
google.es
Early medical abortion using low-dose mifepristone followed by buccal misoprostol: a large Australian observational study | The...Early medical abortion using low-dose mifepristone followed by buccal misoprostol: a large Australian observational study | The...
Buccal administration involved placing four 200 μg tablets between the cheek and gum for at least 30 minutes; any undissolved ... The regimen we used is similar to those recommended by the WHO17 and the RCOG,2 with buccal administration of misoprostol. ... Our mifepristone-buccal misoprostol EMA method could be used outside a hospital setting. The diagnosis and initiation of ... The mifepristone-buccal misoprostol regimen selected was based on the peer-reviewed literature, extensive experience of Marie ...
mja.com.au
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use STRIANT® safely and effectively. See full prescribing...These highlights do not include all the information needed to use STRIANT® safely and effectively. See full prescribing...
Striant (testosterone buccal system) mucoadhesive for buccal administration, CIII Initial U.S. Approval: 1953 ... Striant (testosterone buccal system) mucoadhesive is for buccal administration only. It contains testosterone, an androgen. ... 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Dosage Information 2.2 Administration Instructions 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 4 ... If the buccal system fails to properly adhere to the gum or should fall off during the 12-hour dosing interval, the old buccal ...
dailymed.nlm.nih.gov
Effect of morphine, methadone, hydromorphone or oxymorphone on the thermal threshold, following intravenous or buccal...Effect of morphine, methadone, hydromorphone or oxymorphone on the thermal threshold, following intravenous or buccal...
... following intravenous or buccal administration to cats. Together they form a unique fingerprint. * Buccal Administration ... IV administration of morphine and oxymorphone, and buccal administration of morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone did not ... IV administration of morphine and oxymorphone, and buccal administration of morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone did not ... IV administration of morphine and oxymorphone, and buccal administration of morphine, hydromorphone and oxymorphone did not ...
ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com
Current Drug Delivery, Volume 14 - Number 1Current Drug Delivery, Volume 14 - Number 1
Pharmacokinetics of Ciclopirox Olamine after Buccal Administration in Rabbits. , 14(1): 99 - 108. Ivana Lukášová, Jan Muselík, ... Promote Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer Healing with Low Dose Prednisolone Bilayer Mucoadhesive Buccal Film. , 14(1): 123 - 135. Ragwa ... Promote Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer Healing with Low Dose Prednisolone Bilayer Mucoadhesive Buccal Film. ...
benthamscience.com
Buccal | definition of buccal by Medical dictionaryBuccal | definition of buccal by Medical dictionary
... buccal explanation free. What is buccal? Meaning of buccal medical term. What does buccal mean? ... Looking for online definition of buccal in the Medical Dictionary? ... buccal. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.. Related to buccal: buccal tablet, buccal administration ... buccal. pertaining to or directed toward the cheek.. buccal administration. drugs may be absorbed across buccal mucosa, ...
medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaHealth CareGeographicals
Administration, OralDrug Administration ScheduleInjections, IntravenousUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationDrug Administration RoutesDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-DawleyTime FactorsAdministration, IntranasalRats, WistarInjections, IntraperitonealDisease Models, AnimalInjections, SubcutaneousAdministration, RectalLiverMice, Inbred C57BLBiological AvailabilityInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, TopicalInfusions, IntravenousHalf-LifeAdministration, IntravenousDrug InteractionsArea Under CurveInjections, IntraventricularMice, Inbred BALB CRats, Inbred StrainsAdministration, CutaneousTissue DistributionDogsDouble-Blind MethodCross-Over StudiesTreatment OutcomeBlood PressureAdministration, SublingualBrainAdministration, InhalationKidneyInfusions, ParenteralBody WeightRandom AllocationBehavior, AnimalDrug ToleranceMorphineRecombinant ProteinsPlant ExtractsInjectionsAnalysis of VarianceInjections, SpinalOrgan SizeMetabolic Clearance RateChromatography, High Pressure LiquidRNA, MessengerRabbitsMice, Inbred ICRLungRats, Inbred F344Analgesics, OpioidSelf AdministrationEthanolHeart RatePregnancyEstradiolMotor ActivityAntineoplastic AgentsDrug CombinationsMice, KnockoutHemodynamicsMice, Inbred StrainsDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalAnalgesicsDrug Therapy, CombinationEnzyme InhibitorsInjections, Intra-ArterialAdministration, BuccalSpleenPiperidinesProdrugsAntibodies, MonoclonalIntestinal AbsorptionBlood GlucoseDrug ApprovalAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug SynergismCocaineNaloxoneEatingUnited StatesDopamineGenetic TherapyNitric OxideCytokinesHydrocortisoneAbsorptionCells, CulturedLipopolysaccharidesImmunohistochemistryDelayed-Action PreparationsInsulinPain MeasurementPainBiotransformationTestosteroneAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAnti-Bacterial AgentsMicrodialysisDexamethasoneProgesteroneGenetic VectorsGrowth HormoneAdministration, IntravaginalInflammationTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaAnimals, NewbornAntioxidantsBody TemperatureModels, AnimalDrug Delivery SystemsNarcotic AntagonistsKineticsBileUnited States Department of Veterans AffairsGonadotropin-Releasing HormonePhytotherapyDrugs, Chinese HerbalVasodilator AgentsPyridinesLuteinizing HormoneDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalPiperazinesNeoplasms, ExperimentalProspective StudiesMice, NudeDevice ApprovalMice, TransgenicNeoplasm TransplantationApoptosisInfusion PumpsPyrazolesGlucocorticoidsRegional Blood FlowMethamphetamineSerotoninNorepinephrineAdjuvants, ImmunologicNeoplasmsDiazepamCorticosteroneSwineAnesthesiaChemistry, PharmaceuticalAdrenocorticotropic HormoneDrug CarriersCentral Nervous System StimulantsOvariectomyHyperalgesiaNeuroprotective AgentsMice, Inbred C3HLeukocyte CountHypnotics and SedativesGene ExpressionAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticIntestinesHaloperidolDrug-Induced Liver InjuryImidazolesAnti-Anxiety AgentsIndomethacinBrain ChemistryPlacebosSuppositoriesHypothalamusGene Expression RegulationSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAdenoviridaeIodine RadioisotopesEdemaSignal TransductionNeuronsNitric Oxide SynthaseInfusion Pumps, ImplantableChorionic GonadotropinFecesBlotting, WesternNarcoticsOxidative StressClinical Trials as TopicErythropoietinAcute DiseaseHypoglycemic AgentsRats, Inbred LewEndotoxinsSheepImmunoglobulin GMyocardiumNicotineSulfonamidesAmphetamineInjections, IntradermalCorpus StriatumIntestinal Mucosa
MucosaAcuteRapidLifeCheekOralCavityMisoprostolMANDIBULARSoluble FilmFentoraMucoadhesive Buccal FilmTransmucosalFormulationDosageSubcutaneousVaginalEnteralIntramuscularMedicationIntravenousCovering the use of diMidazolamAbsorptionMorphineMucosalDrugDoseInferior alveolar neIntranasalArticaineParenteralOpioidNaloxoneTestosteronePharmaceuticalEpitheliumInfiltrationRoutes of administratInjectionSublabialPouch
Mucosa1
Acute1
Rapid1
Life1
  • Buccal administration of vaccines has been studied, but there are challenges to this approach due to immune tolerance mechanisms that prevent the body from over-reacting to immunogens encountered in the course of daily life. (wikipedia.org)
Cheek5
Oral20
Cavity2
  • Subjects' self reported pain response was recorded on Heft Parker Visual Analogue Scale after local anesthetic administration during access cavity preparation and pulp extirpation. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Exposure to asbestos has also been associated with an increased incidence of esophageal, kidney, laryngeal, pharyngeal, and buccal cavity cancers. (osha.gov)
Misoprostol9
MANDIBULAR2
Soluble Film1
Fentora1
Mucoadhesive Buccal Film1
Transmucosal1
Formulation2
  • This Phase 3, multicenter, open-label study of chronic, intermittent use of study drug (DBSF) is designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the buccal formulation of diazepam in children, adolescents and adults with acute repetitive seizures. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • 18. A pharmaceutical formulation for treating erectile dysfunction in an individual, comprising a urethral dosage form of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a carrier suitable for transurethral drug administration, and, optionally, a transurethral permeation enhancer, wherein the phosphodiesterase inhibitor is a Type V, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt ester, amide or prodrug thereof. (google.com.au)
Dosage7
Subcutaneous2
Vaginal1
Enteral1
Intramuscular1
Medication10
Intravenous2
Covering the use of di1
  • Indications/contra indicators of diazepam/midazolam, Storage conditions/procedures for diazepam/midazolam, Post administrative care, Regulations covering the use of diazepam/midazolam, Patient preparation and administration procedure. (norvictraining.co.uk)
Midazolam9
Absorption5
Morphine2
Mucosal2
  • In the Group RecDex, the administration of dexmedetomidine induced mild-moderate losses of mucosal architecture in the colon and rectum, 2 h after rectal inoculation. (scielo.br)
  • Although 100 µg kg -1 dexmedetomidine administered rectally to rats achieved a significantly longer duration of anesthesia compared with the rectal administration of saline, our histopathological evaluations showed that the rectal administration of 100 µg kg -1 dexmedetomidine led to mild-moderate damage to the mucosal structure of the rectum. (scielo.br)
Drug22
Dose2
Inferior alveolar ne2
  • Conclusion: Since there was no difference between the two procedures 4% articaine buccal infiltration can be considered a viable alternative to inferior alveolar nerve block in securing successful pulpal anesthesia for endodontic therapy. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups One group received 4% articaine buccal infiltration and the other group received inferior alveolar nerve block of 4% articaine. (thefreelibrary.com)
Intranasal1
Articaine2
  • A number of studies have been conducted to determine pulpal anaesthesia obtained after buccal infiltration and IANB of 4% articaine. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Studies conducted by Young et al and Poorni et al compared effectiveness of 4% articaine in buccal infiltration and showed that buccal infiltration had a success rate of 69.2% while the success rate of IANB was 43%5,7. (thefreelibrary.com)
Parenteral1
Opioid1
  • Talk to your health care provider immediately and ask for guidance if you think that you have an opioid addiction or call the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP. (medlineplus.gov)
Naloxone1
Testosterone11
Pharmaceutical1
  • A solid pharmaceutical preparation comprising a pharmaceutically active ingredient, erythritol, crystalline cellulose and an disintegrants, which exhibits a fast buccal disintegratability and dissolubility. (google.com)
Epithelium1
Infiltration2
Routes of administrat2
Injection2
Sublabial1
Pouch3
  • In this pilot study, 12 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were randomly assigned to receive either colostrum from their mothers directly into the buccal pouch every 2 h for 46 h or standard care. (nih.gov)
  • The present study evaluated the chemopreventive potential of (6)-paradol, a pungent phenolic constituent of ginger, on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, the present study suggests that (6)-paradol has potent chemopreventive, anti-lipid peroxidative and antioxidant potentials as well as a modulating effect on phase II detoxification enzyme and reduced glutathione (GSH) in DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)