Adjuvants immunologic. Medical search

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.

Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

Agents that aid or increase the action of the principle drug (DRUG SYNERGISM) or that affect the absorption, mechanism of action, metabolism, or excretion of the primary drug (PHARMACOKINETICS) in such a way as to enhance its effects.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.

A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)

The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.

Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycone moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose.

Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.

Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.

An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Peptidoglycan immunoadjuvant originally isolated from bacterial cell wall fragments; also acts as pyrogen and may cause arthritis; stimulates both humoral and cellular immunity.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.

Preliminary cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone/endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, etc.) that precedes a necessary second modality of treatment.

An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.

A formulation for presenting an antigen to induce specific immunologic responses. It consists of an assembly of antigens in multimeric form. The assembly is attached to a matrix with a built-in adjuvant, saponin. ISCOMs induce strong serum antibody responses, and are used as highly immunogenic forms of subunit vaccines.

Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.

Surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

Antibody-mediated immune response. Humoral immunity is brought about by ANTIBODY FORMATION, resulting from TH2 CELLS activating B-LYMPHOCYTES, followed by COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

The active metabolite of FOLIC ACID. Leucovorin is used principally as an antidote to FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS.

Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both killed and attenuated vaccines. The composition of the vaccines is changed each year in response to antigenic shifts and changes in prevalence of influenza virus strains. The vaccine is usually bivalent or trivalent, containing one or two INFLUENZAVIRUS A strains and one INFLUENZAVIRUS B strain.

Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.

An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE whose members produce SAPONINS.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Surgical excision of one or more lymph nodes. Its most common use is in cancer surgery. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p966)

Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.

Toxic glycolipids composed of trehalose dimycolate derivatives. They are produced by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and other species of MYCOBACTERIUM. They induce cellular dysfunction in animals.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.

Removal of only enough breast tissue to ensure that the margins of the resected surgical specimen are free of tumor.

A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It is used as laxative, lubricant, ointment base, and emollient.

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.

The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.

The period before MENOPAUSE. In premenopausal women, the climacteric transition from full sexual maturity to cessation of ovarian cycle takes place between the age of late thirty and early fifty.

The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, piercing the top skin layer.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Certain tumors that 1, arise in organs that are normally dependent on specific hormones and 2, are stimulated or caused to regress by manipulation of the endocrine environment.

Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.

An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.

The principle immunoglobulin in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. The complete molecule (around 400 kD) is composed of two four-chain units of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, one SECRETORY COMPONENT and one J chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN J-CHAINS).

Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

A group of diterpenoid CYCLODECANES named for the taxanes that were discovered in the TAXUS tree. The action on MICROTUBULES has made some of them useful as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.

The mucous lining of the NASAL CAVITY, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the OLFACTORY MUCOSA. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, GOBLET CELLS, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (STEM CELLS) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.

Substances that possess antiestrogenic actions but can also produce estrogenic effects as well. They act as complete or partial agonist or as antagonist. They can be either steroidal or nonsteroidal in structure.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Works about comparative studies to verify the effectiveness of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques determined in phase II studies. During these trials, patients are monitored closely by physicians to identify any adverse reactions from long-term use. These studies are performed on groups of patients large enough to identify clinically significant responses and usually last about three years. This concept includes phase III studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.

A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

The use of IONIZING RADIATION to treat malignant NEOPLASMS and some benign conditions.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026)

Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.

A heterodimeric cytokine that plays a role in innate and adaptive immune responses. Interleukin-12 is a 70 kDa protein that is composed of covalently linked 40 kDa and 35 kDa subunits. It is produced by DENDRITIC CELLS; MACROPHAGES and a variety of other immune cells and plays a role in the stimulation of INTERFERON-GAMMA production by T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

Active immunization where vaccine is administered for therapeutic or preventive purposes. This can include administration of immunopotentiating agents such as BCG vaccine and Corynebacterium parvum as well as biological response modifiers such as interferons, interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors in order to directly stimulate the immune system.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

Excision of the whole (total gastrectomy) or part (subtotal gastrectomy, partial gastrectomy, gastric resection) of the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.

Removal of the breast, pectoral muscles, axillary lymph nodes, and associated skin and subcutaneous tissue.

A double-stranded polyribonucleotide comprising polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of neoplasms.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule.

An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)

Absence of menstruation.

The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

The application of probability and statistical methods to calculate the risk of occurrence of any event, such as onset of illness, recurrent disease, hospitalization, disability, or death. It may include calculation of the anticipated money costs of such events and of the premiums necessary to provide for payment of such costs.

A cancer registry mandated under the National Cancer Act of 1971 to operate and maintain a population-based cancer reporting system, reporting periodically estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program is a continuing project of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Among its goals, in addition to assembling and reporting cancer statistics, are the monitoring of annual cancer incident trends and the promoting of studies designed to identify factors amenable to cancer control interventions. (From National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication No. 91-3074, October 1990)

A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Area of the human body underneath the SHOULDER JOINT, also known as the armpit or underarm.

Total mastectomy with axillary node dissection, but with preservation of the pectoral muscles.

Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Used for excision of the urinary bladder.

The classes of immunoglobulins found in any species of animal. In man there are nine classes that migrate in five different groups in electrophoresis; they each consist of two light and two heavy protein chains, and each group has distinguishing structural and functional properties.

Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.

Inflammation of a TESTIS. It has many features of EPIDIDYMITIS, such as swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS and then the TESTIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.

The total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

A structurally diverse group of compounds distinguished from ESTROGENS by their ability to bind and activate ESTROGEN RECEPTORS but act as either an agonist or antagonist depending on the tissue type and hormonal milieu. They are classified as either first generation because they demonstrate estrogen agonist properties in the ENDOMETRIUM or second generation based on their patterns of tissue specificity. (Horm Res 1997;48:155-63)

Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.

Resistance to a disease agent resulting from the production of specific antibodies by the host, either after exposure to the disease or after vaccination.

An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST.

Clinical protocols used to inhibit the growth or spread of NEOPLASMS.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.

An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.

Activity in saline of phthalylated or succinylated derivatives of mycobacterial water-soluble adjuvant. (1/6132)

A water-soluble fraction (WSA) of the cell wall can substitute for mycobacterial cells in Freund complete adjuvant. However, when WSA is administered in saline instead of in a water-in-oil emulsion, its adjuvant activity is very weak, and under certain experimental conditions it can even inhibit the humoral immune response. The data reported in the present study show that after treatment by phthalic or succinic anhydride the adjuvant activity of WSA was markedly changed, since high levels of circulating antibodies were produced when these derivatives were administered with an antigen in an aqueous medium. Moreover, the antigenic determinants of WSA were modified and acylated WSA had no tuberculin-like activity. (+info)

Systemic administration of rIL-12 synergistically enhances the therapeutic effect of a TNF gene-transduced cancer vaccine. (2/6132)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent antitumor cytokine, which induces and enhances the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). IL-12 also stimulates IFN-gamma production from both T cells and NK cells. In this study, we transfected methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (MCA-D) with TNF gene and investigated the therapeutic effect of TNF gene-transduced cancer vaccine and whether the vaccination effect is enhanced by systemic administration of recombinant IL-12 (rIL-12), in a murine model. TNF gene-transduced cancer vaccine or systemic administration of rIL-12 showed slight or moderate inhibition of pre-established tumor. However, simultaneous application of the vaccine and rIL-12 resulted in complete eradication. The cytotoxicity of CTL against parental tumor cells was enhanced with the combination of the vaccine and rIL-12, and IFN-gamma production from spleen cells also increased synergistically. Our findings show that synergistic enhancement of CTL activity and IFN-gamma production could play an important role in the antitumor effect of combination therapy using TNF gene-transduced cancer vaccine and rIL-12. (+info)

Transcutaneous immunization with bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as antigens and adjuvants. (3/6132)

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a new technique that uses the application of vaccine antigens in a solution on the skin to induce potent antibody responses without systemic or local toxicity. We have previously shown that cholera toxin (CT), a potent adjuvant for oral and nasal immunization, can induce both serum and mucosal immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA and protect against toxin-mediated mucosal disease when administered by the transcutaneous route. Additionally, CT acts as an adjuvant for coadministered antigens such as tetanus and diphtheria toxoids when applied to the skin. CT, a member of the bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxin (bARE) family, is most potent as an adjuvant when the A-B subunits are present and functional. We now show that TCI induces secondary antibody responses to coadministered antigens as well as to CT in response to boosting immunizations. IgG antibodies to coadministered antigens were also found in the stools and lung washes of immunized mice, suggesting that TCI may target mucosal pathogens. Mice immunized by the transcutaneous route with tetanus fragment C and CT developed anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies and were protected against systemic tetanus toxin challenge. We also show that bAREs, similarly organized as A-B subunits, as well as the B subunit of CT alone, induced antibody responses to themselves when given via TCI. Thus, TCI appears to induce potent, protective immune responses to both systemic and mucosal challenge and offers significant potential practical advantages for vaccine delivery. (+info)

Zonula occludens toxin is a powerful mucosal adjuvant for intranasally delivered antigens. (4/6132)

Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) is produced by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae and has the ability to reversibly alter intestinal epithelial tight junctions, allowing the passage of macromolecules through the mucosal barrier. In the present study, we investigated whether Zot could be exploited to deliver soluble antigens through the nasal mucosa for the induction of antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. Intranasal immunization of mice with ovalbumin (Ova) and recombinant Zot, either fused to the maltose-binding protein (MBP-Zot) or with a hexahistidine tag (His-Zot), induced anti-Ova serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers that were approximately 40-fold higher than those induced by immunization with antigen alone. Interestingly, Zot also stimulated high anti-Ova IgA titers in serum, as well as in vaginal and intestinal secretions. A comparison with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) revealed that the adjuvant activity of Zot was only sevenfold lower than that of LT. Moreover, Zot and LT induced similar patterns of Ova-specific IgG subclasses. The subtypes IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b were all stimulated, with a predominance of IgG1 and IgG2b. In conclusion, our results highlight Zot as a novel potent mucosal adjuvant of microbial origin. (+info)

Emergent immunoregulatory properties of combined glucocorticoid and anti-glucocorticoid steroids in a model of tuberculosis. (5/6132)

In Balb/c mice with pulmonary tuberculosis, there is a switch from a protective Th1-dominated cytokine profile to a non-protective profile with a Th2 component. This switch occurs while the adrenals are undergoing marked hyperplasia. Treatment with the anti-glucocorticoid hormones dehydroepiandrosterone or 3 beta, 17 beta-androstenediol, during the period of adrenal hyperplasia, maintains Th1 dominance and is protective. We investigated the effects of these hormones as therapeutic agents by administering them from day 60, when the switch to the non-protective cytokine profile was already well established. Given at this time (day 60), doses that were protective when given early (from day 0) were rapidly fatal. A physiological dose of the glucocorticoid corticosterone was also rapidly fatal. However when the corticosterone and the anti-glucocorticoid (AED or DHEA) were co-administered, there was protection, with restoration of a Th1-dominated cytokine profile, enhanced DTH responses, and enhanced expression of IL-1 alpha and TNF alpha. Therefore this combination of steroids has an emergent property that is quite unlike that of either type of steroid given alone. It may be possible to exploit the ant-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids while preserving a Th1 bias, by combining glucocorticoids with DHEA or suitable metabolites. (+info)

N,N'-Diacetyl-L-cystine-the disulfide dimer of N-acetylcysteine-is a potent modulator of contact sensitivity/delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in rodents. (6/6132)

Oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is used clinically for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NAC is easily oxidized to its disulfide. We show here that N,N'-diacetyl-L-cystine (DiNAC) is a potent modulator of contact sensitivity (CS)/delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in rodents. Oral treatment of BALB/c mice with 0.003 to 30 micromol/kg DiNAC leads to enhancement of a CS reaction to oxazolone; DiNAC is 100 to 1000 times more potent than NAC in this respect, indicating that it does not act as a prodrug of NAC. Structure-activity studies suggest that a stereochemically-defined disulfide element is needed for activity. The DiNAC-induced enhancement of the CS reaction is counteracted by simultaneous NAC-treatment; in contrast, the CS reaction is even more enhanced in animals treated with DiNAC together with the glutathione-depleting agent buthionine sulfoximine. These data suggest that DiNAC acts via redox processes. Immunohistochemically, ear specimens from oxazolone-sensitized and -challenged BALB/c mice treated with DiNAC display increased numbers of CD8(+) cells. DiNAC treatment augments the CS reaction also when fluorescein isothiocyanate is used as a sensitizer in BALB/c mice; this is a purported TH2 type of response. However, when dinitrofluorobenzene is used as a sensitizer, inducing a purported TH1 type of response, DiNAC treatment reduces the reaction. Treatment with DiNAC also reduces a DTH footpad-swelling reaction to methylated BSA. Collectively, these data indicate that DiNAC in vivo acts as a potent and effective immunomodulator that can either enhance or reduce the CS or DTH response depending on the experimental conditions. (+info)

Issues in the treatment of active tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. (7/6132)

Most HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis can be treated satisfactorily with standard regimens with expectations of good results. Treatment of tuberculosis in these patients has been complicated by the introduction of HAART, which relies on drugs that interfere with the most potent class of antituberculous medications. Rifampin-free regimens or regimens that employ rifabutin may be acceptable strategies for patients who are receiving protease inhibitors, although these regimens have not been rigorously evaluated in patients with AIDS. At present, there is good reason to believe that a 6-month course of a rifabutin-containing regimen or a 9-12-month course of a regimen of streptomycin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide should be adequate therapy for most patients with drug-susceptible disease. As the treatment of HIV infection with antiretroviral agents evolves, the treatment of tuberculosis in patients with AIDS is likely to evolve as well. This will require careful coordination of antituberculosis and antiretroviral therapies. (+info)

Soluble HLA class I, HLA class II, and Fas ligand in blood components: a possible key to explain the immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic blood transfusions. (8/6132)

The immunomodulatory effect of allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT) has been known for many years. However, a complete understanding of the effects of ABT on the recipient's immune system has remained elusive. Soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I), HLA class II (sHLA-II), and Fas ligand (sFasL) molecules may play immunoregulatory roles. We determined by double-determinant immunoenzymatic assay (DDIA) sHLA-I, sHLA-II, and sFasL concentrations in different blood components. sHLA-I and sFasL levels in red blood cells (RBCs) stored for up to 30 days and in random-donor platelets are significantly (P <.001) higher than in other blood components and their amount is proportionate to the number of residual donor leukocytes and to the length of storage. Blood components with high sHLA-I and sFasL levels play immunoregulatory roles in vitro as in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte responses (MLR) and antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) activity, and induce apoptosis in Fas-positive cells. These data suggest that soluble molecules in blood components are functional. If these results are paralleled in vivo, they should be taken into account in transfusion practice. Blood components that can cause immunosuppression should be chosen to induce transplantation tolerance, whereas blood components that lack immunosuppressive effects should be preferred to reduce the risk of postoperative complications and cancer recurrence. (+info)

Adjuvants. Main article: Immunologic adjuvant. Vaccines typically contain one or more adjuvants, used to boost the immune ... Aluminum salts or gels are added as adjuvants. Adjuvants are added to promote an earlier, more potent response, and more ... Finally, the vaccine is formulated by adding adjuvant, stabilizers, and preservatives as needed. The adjuvant enhances the ... Adjuvants commonly are used to boost immune response, particularly for older people whose immune response to a simple vaccine ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_platform

Lentinan, PSK, and PSP, are registered anticancer immunologic adjuvants. Irofulven and acylfulvene are anticancer derivatives ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_isolate

Aluminum compounds are used as immunologic adjuvants to increase the effectiveness of many vaccines. The aluminum in vaccines ... Vaccines pose a very small immunologic load compared to the pathogens naturally encountered by a child in a typical year; ... improvements in vaccine design have reduced the immunologic load from vaccines; the total number of immunological components in ... autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants' (ASIA)". Vaccine (Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis). 36 (38): 5796- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy

"Uveitis and arthritis induced by adjuvant: clinical, immunologic and histologic characteristics". The Journal of Rheumatology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_Petty_(pediatrician)

Immunologic adjuvant Immune system Immunology Immunization Inoculation Virosomes Vaccination Isconova Morein, B; Sundquist, B; ... Most adjuvants on the market today mainly activate the humoral immune response (i.e. give an antibody response). There is, ... The complex displays immune stimulating properties and is thus mainly used as a vaccine adjuvant in order to induce a stronger ... ISCOM-Matrix technology offers several immunological and practical advantages over currently available adjuvants. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISCOM

... vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity". Immunologic Research. 56 (2-3): 304-316. doi:10.1007/s12026-013-8403-1. PMID 23609067. ... Petrik, M; Wong, MC; Tabata, RC; Garry, RF; Shaw, CA (February 2007). "Aluminum adjuvant linked to gulf war illness induces ... Sheth, Sneha K.S.; Li, Yongling; Shaw, Christopher A. (2018). "Is exposure to aluminium adjuvants associated with social ... Tomljenovic L, Shaw CA (2011). "Do aluminum vaccine adjuvants contribute to the rising prevalence of autism?" Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Shaw_(neuroscientist)

... and polysaccharide peptide as immunologic adjuvants. Evidence suggests this use as effective in prolonging and improving the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinal_fungi

The antigen cannot elicit the immune response without the help of an immunologic adjuvant. Similarly, the adjuvant component of ... Gavin, AL; Hoebe, K; Duong, B; Ota, T; Martin, C; Beutler, B; Nemazee, D (22 December 2006). "Adjuvant-enhanced antibody ... Gallucci, S; Lolkema, M; Matzinger, P (November 1999). "Natural adjuvants: endogenous activators of dendritic cells". Nature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

... aluminium phosphate is one of the most common immunologic adjuvants (efficiency enhancers) in vaccinations. Aluminium adjuvant ... It's unknown how such salts function as adjuvants. Similar to aluminum hydroxide, AlPO4 is used as an antacid. It neutralizes ... RJ, Crowther (2010). Vaccine adjuvants: preparation methods and research protocols. Humana. pp. 65-66, 82. ISBN 9781617371592. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_phosphate

... is an immunologic adjuvant that uses a derivative of shark liver oil called squalene. It is Novartis' proprietary adjuvant ... "CDC Flu Vaccine With Adjuvant". Archived from the original on 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2018-10-11. MF59 Adjuvant Fact Sheet ... MF59 is used as an adjuvant in Canada, Europe and the United States. MF59 was developed in the 1990s by researchers at Chiron ... MF59 is the first oil-in-water influenza vaccine adjuvant to be commercialized in combination with a seasonal influenza virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MF59

Given their role in presentation, HSPs are useful as immunologic adjuvants (DAMPS) in boosting the response to a vaccine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_shock_protein

2009 swine flu pandemic COVID-19 vaccine Immunologic adjuvant "WHO cuts swine flu vaccine production estimate". AFP. 24 ... A 2009 review of oil-based adjuvants in influenza vaccines stated that this type of adjuvant "neither stimulates antibodies ... about formulations of the vaccine that contain squalene as an adjuvant. An adjuvant is a substance that boosts the body's ... "WHO - Squalene-based adjuvants in vaccines". Frey S, Poland G, Percell S, Podda A (October 2003). "Comparison of the safety, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_swine_flu_pandemic_vaccine

Immunologic adjuvants are substances, administered in conjunction with a vaccine, that stimulate the immune system and increase ... Squalene is not itself an adjuvant, but it has been used in conjunction with surfactants in certain adjuvant formulations. An ... An influenza vaccine called FLUAD which used MF59 as an adjuvant was approved for use in the US in people 65 years of age and ... MF59 is capable of switching on a number of genes that partially overlap with those activated by other adjuvants. How these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalene

Samter's Immunologic Diseases, 6th ed. Vol. 1, p. 281-298, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ISBN 0-7817-2120-2 ... Dempsey, P. W.; Allison, M. E.; Akkaraju, S.; Goodnow, C. C.; Fearon, D. T. (1996). "C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-stimulation

section on Titermax Immunologic adjuvant Stills H.F. (2005) Adjuvants and antibody production: dispelling the myths associated ... Toxicity seems to be lower than other water in oil adjuvant such as Freund's adjuvant. The efficacy to elicit an immune ... Titermax is a recently developed immune adjuvant. It is a water-in-oil emulsion and consists of squalene, an emulsifier ( ... with Freund's complete and other adjuvants. ILAR journal. 46(3) 280-293 TiterMax on Wiki Doc Official web site v t e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titermax

... (for "Adjuvant System 03") is the trade name for a squalene-based immunologic adjuvant used in various vaccine products by ... 2009 flu pandemic MF59 - another squalene-based adjuvant by Novartis AS04 - another adjuvant by GSK v t e. ... A dose of AS03 adjuvant contains 10.69 mg squalene 11.86 mg DL-α-tocopherol 4.86 mg polysorbate 80 In the 2009 influenza ... As of 2016 it was unclear whether or not the adjuvant was responsible; other suspected causes include genetic susceptibility, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AS03

... strategy under preliminary research to combine a genetically engineered sub-unit vaccine and an immunologic adjuvant into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edible_algae_vaccine

... and can be synergised with the combination of immunotherapy treatment and vaccine adjuvants. Various adjuvant immunotherapy and ... Sabel MS, Su G, Griffith KA, Chang AE (2010). "Rate of freeze alters the immunologic response after cryoablation of breast ... Thus, cryoablation of tumor elicits a systemic anti-tumor immunologic response. The resulting immunostimulation from ... "Immunologic response to cryoablation of breast cancer". Gland Surg. 3 (2): 88-93. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2014.03.04. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoimmunotherapy

... immunologic adjuvant. A study of the response of non-human primate to the vaccine had been initiated. As of February 2015[ ... The preliminary data indicated the prime-boost vaccine regimen elicited temporary immunologic response in the volunteers as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_vaccine

It is used as a lubricant, a transformer oil, an immunologic adjuvant, and an anti-corrosion agent, biological marker, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pristane

... adjuvants, immunologic MeSH D27.505.696.477.274.400 - interferon inducers MeSH D27.505.696.477.656 - immunosuppressive agents ... adjuvants, anesthesia MeSH D27.505.954.427.020 - alcohol deterrents MeSH D27.505.954.427.040 - analgesics MeSH D27.505.954.427. ... immunologic factors MeSH D27.505.696.477.136 - agglutinins MeSH D27.505.696.477.136.377 - hemagglutinins MeSH D27.505.696.477. ... adjuvants, pharmaceutic MeSH D27.720.744.523 - ointment bases MeSH D27.720.744.771 - preservatives, pharmaceutical MeSH D27.720 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)

In a clinical trial, 80% of volunteers who received two vaccine doses containing 3.8 mcg of antigen with an adjuvant (a ... They come with obstacles-immunologic, regulatory, and commercial-but they also have generated more excitement than any other ... By Marie-Eve Laforte THE PANDEMIC VACCINE PUZZLE - Part 3: H5N1 poses major immunologic challenges THE PANDEMIC VACCINE PUZZLE ... vaccine plus adjuvant, or placebo. All subjects will receive two injections of their assigned study product, about 28 days ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H5N1_clinical_trials

T cells and immune system cytokines and have been investigated in clinical trials as immunologic adjuvants. Many tumors express ... Other adjuvants include proteins or other chemicals that attract and/or activate dendritic cells, such as granulocyte ... have disease progression within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. On 16 ... with optional adjuvants) are infused and provoke an immune response. Dendritic cell therapies include the use of antibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy

Because inactivated viruses tend to produce a weaker response by the immune system than live viruses, immunologic adjuvants and ... Petrovsky, Nikolai; Aguilar, Julio César (2004-09-28). "Vaccine adjuvants: Current state and future trends". Immunology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine

... light chain Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin Y Immunohaematology Immunoisolate Immunologic activation Immunologic adjuvant ... synoviocyte FITkit FluoroSpot Forssman antigen Fragment antigen-binding Fragment crystallizable region Freund's adjuvant Gc-MAF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_immunology_articles

Antigen Co-stimulation Immunogenicity Immunologic adjuvant Immunomodulator Immunotherapy Deoxycholic acid, a stimulator of ... such as adjuvants and non-specific immunostimulators. Many endogenous substances are non-specific immunostimulators. For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunostimulant

Several characteristics of the protein encoded by the gas vesicle gene gvpC allow it to be used as carrier and adjuvant for ... from various human pathogens have been recombined into the gvpC gene to create subunit vaccines with long-lasting immunologic ... cells show expression of the Chlamydia genes on cell surfaces through imagining techniques and show characteristic immunologic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_vesicle

... (Matrix M) is a critical, saponin-derived immunologic adjuvant for the manufacturing of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 ... QS-21 is a purified plant extract used as a vaccine adjuvant. It is derived from the soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria), which ... It has been tested as an adjuvant in various vaccines in attempts to improve their efficacy. It is believed to enhance both ... Quillaia Ragupathi G, Gardner JR, Livingston PO, Gin DY (2013). "Natural and synthetic saponin adjuvant QS-21 for vaccines ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QS-21

NOD-like receptor Immunologic adjuvant RIG-I-like receptor Toll-Like+Receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... Several TLR ligands are in clinical development or being tested in animal models as vaccine adjuvants, with the first clinical ... Toussi DN, Massari P (April 2014). "Immune Adjuvant Effect of Molecularly-defined Toll-Like Receptor Ligands". Vaccines. 2 (2 ... either in the form of adjuvant used in vaccinations or in the form of invasive moieties during times of natural infection - to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like_receptor

As well as the active antigen derived from A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), the vaccine contains an immunologic adjuvant AS03 which ... While other 2009 H1N1 vaccines have been developed, the use of a proprietary immunologic adjuvant is claimed to boost the ... Pandemrix contains two adjuvants designed to provoke a stronger immune response; they were not in the vaccine used in China, ... Professor David Salisbury, Head of Immunisation at the UK Department of Health said the vaccines with adjuvants offer good ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemrix

... "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that ... Vaxjo: Comprehensive vaccine adjuvant database.. References[edit]. *^ "Guideline on Adjuvants in Vaccines for Human Use" (PDF) ... Inorganic adjuvants[edit]. Aluminium salts[edit]. There are many adjuvants, some of which are inorganic (such as alum), that ... Organic adjuvants[edit]. Freund's complete adjuvant is a solution of inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mineral oil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant

"Immunologic correlates of protection against rotavirus challenge after intramuscular immunization of mice" (PDF). J Virol. 71 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Offit

Singh M; O'Hagan D (Nov 1999). "Advances in vaccine adjuvants". Nature Biotechnology. 17 (11): 1075-81. doi:10.1038/15058. PMID ... Rus H; Cudrici C; Niculescu F (2005). "The role of the complement system in innate immunity". Immunologic Research. 33 (2): 103 ... Miller JF (1993). "Self-nonself discrimination and tolerance in T and B lymphocytes". Immunologic Research. 12 (2): 115-30. doi ...

https://sl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunski_sistem

A 2019 paper described designing an immunologic adjuvant which would make a VL vaccine more effective. James, William D.; ... 1992). "Immunologic Markers of Clinical Evolution in Children Recently Infected with Leishmania donovani chagasi". J. Infect. ... Ratnapriya, S; Keerti; Sahasrabuddhe, AA; Dube, A (12 June 2019). "Visceral leishmaniasis: An overview of vaccine adjuvants and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis

A clinical and immunologic phase 2 trial of Wilms tumor gene product 1 (WT1) peptide vaccination in patients with AML and MDS ... Adoptive transfer of TILs can increase the survival of melanoma patients when it is used as an adjuvant therapy, i.e. after a ... Adoptive TIL transfer in the adjuvant setting for melanoma: long-term patient survival ". Journal of Immunology Research. 2014 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_antigens_recognized_by_T_lymphocytes

HER2 and chromosome 17 effect on patient outcome in the N9831 adjuvant trastuzumab trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Oct 1; 28(28):4307 ... which raises funds for under-served women and for genomics and immunologic translational cancer research. A goal of Dr. Perez's ... Impact of PTEN protein expression on benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab in early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- ... Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization assessment of HER2 in clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_A._Perez

Filo, R. S.; Dickson, L. G.; Suba, E. A.; Sell, K. W. (July 1974). "Immunologic injury induced by ex vivo perfusion of canine ... Belzer's use of hydrocortisone as an adjuvant to preservation had been suggested by Lotke's work with dog kidney slices, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_perfusion

... adjuvant, neoadjuvant, maintenance and metronomic chemotherapy. Cyclophosphamide decreases the immune system's response, and ... tumor-reactive effector T cells by the creation of an immunologic space niche. Thus, cyclophosphamide preconditioning of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclophosphamide

Active suppression involves the injection of large amounts of foreign antigen in the absence of an adjuvant which leads to a ... Not only does HSV cause immunologic cross-reactivity, but the gpD peptide also competitively inhibits the binding of antibody ... Yamada, M., Zurbriggen, A., Oldstone, M.B.A. and Fujinami, R.S. (1991). "Common immunologic determinant between human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mimicry

Later, modern adjuvants and the possibility of preparing of single parasite proteins started another way to obtain malaria ... These T cells are believed to be the main immunologic mechanism to fight malaria in liver. In 2014 Sanaria promoted an ... In 1948 inactivated merozoites with an adjuvant were used for preventing lethal malaria to kill a group of monkeys. But the ... Freund, J; Thomson, K. J. (1948). "Immunization of monkeys against malaria by means of killed parasites with adjuvants". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PfSPZ_Vaccine

Such a system provides a useful tool for practical application of iPSCs in the treatment of hematologic and immunologic ... Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have great clinical potential as adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. iNKT cells act as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_stem_cells

... adjuvants, immune modulators and antigen-delivery systems, vaccine implementation, and clinical trials. The journal serves ASM ... including new animal models for human immunologic diseases, viral immunology, immunopathogenesis, and clinical laboratory ... adjuvants and immunomodulators, quantitative assays of vaccine efficacy, and clinical trials. The journal publishes primary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_and_Vaccine_Immunology

... "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that ... Vaxjo: Comprehensive vaccine adjuvant database.. References[edit]. *^ "Guideline on Adjuvants in Vaccines for Human Use" (PDF) ... Inorganic adjuvants[edit]. Aluminium salts[edit]. There are many adjuvants, some of which are inorganic (such as alum), that ... Organic adjuvants[edit]. Freunds complete adjuvant is a solution of inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mineral oil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant

ASM journals are the most prominent publications in the field, delivering up-to-date and authoritative coverage of both basic and clinical microbiology.. About ASM , Contact Us , Press Room. ASM is a member of. ...

https://cmr.asm.org/keyword/adjuvants-immunologic

Immunologic" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Adjuvants, Immunologic" was a major or minor topic of ... "Adjuvants, Immunologic" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Adjuvants, Immunologic" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Adjuvants, Immunologic". ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Adjuvants,%20Immunologic

Immunologic Properties of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Correlation between the Mitogenic, Adjuvant, and Immunogenic ... Immunologic Properties of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Correlation between the Mitogenic, Adjuvant, and Immunogenic ... Immunologic Properties of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Correlation between the Mitogenic, Adjuvant, and Immunogenic ... Immunologic Properties of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Correlation between the Mitogenic, Adjuvant, and Immunogenic ...

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/114/2_Part_2/770?ijkey=38ac36bdb7753293f436d2ea304e8b65a4c0b7ef&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Augmentation of Cutaneous Immune Responses by ATPγS: Purinergic Agonists Define a Novel Class of Immunologic Adjuvants. Richard ... Augmentation of Cutaneous Immune Responses by ATPγS: Purinergic Agonists Define a Novel Class of Immunologic Adjuvants ... Augmentation of Cutaneous Immune Responses by ATPγS: Purinergic Agonists Define a Novel Class of Immunologic Adjuvants ... Augmentation of Cutaneous Immune Responses by ATPγS: Purinergic Agonists Define a Novel Class of Immunologic Adjuvants ...

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/12/7725

Adjuvants, Immunologic. Accession Number. DBCAT000090. Description. Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, ... Indicated as an adjuvant for influenza vaccine in elderly patients and as an adjuvant for both influenza and hepatitis B ... An adjuvant therapy used for acute and chronic myelonous leukemia, lung cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer. It is also used to ... The classical agents (Freunds adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous ( ...

https://go.drugbank.com/categories/DBCAT000090

... outpatient adjuvant immunotherapy regimen administered following standard therapy. Evidence supporting an immunologic basis for ... Adjuvant Immunotherapy to Improve Outcome in High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas. Melinda S. Merchant, Donna Bernstein, Martha Amoako ... Adjuvant Immunotherapy to Improve Outcome in High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas. Melinda S. Merchant, Donna Bernstein, Martha Amoako ... Adjuvant Immunotherapy to Improve Outcome in High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas. Melinda S. Merchant, Donna Bernstein, Martha Amoako ...

http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/22/13/3182

Adjuvant GM-CSF improves survival in high-risk stage IIIc melanoma: a single-center study. Am J Clin Oncol 2014;37:467-72. ... Immunologic measurements. Frequencies and activation state (by CD83 expression levels) of migratory DC subsets [i.e., skin- ... Local Adjuvant Treatment with Low-Dose CpG-B Offers Durable Protection against Disease Recurrence in Clinical Stage I-II ... Local Adjuvant Treatment with Low-Dose CpG-B Offers Durable Protection against Disease Recurrence in Clinical Stage I-II ...

http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/23/19/5679

Adjuvant therapy of cancer III / edited by Sydney E. Salmon, Stephen E. Jones.. by Salmon, Sydney E , Jones, Stephen Ellis , ( ... Adjuvants de l immunité : rapport d un groupe scientifique de l OMS [réuni à Genève du 6 au 10 octobre 1975] by WHO ... by WHO Scientific Group on Immunological Adjuvants , World Health Organization Material type: Book; Format: print Publisher: ... by WHO Scientific Group on Immunological Adjuvants , World Health Organization Material type: Book; Format: print Publisher: ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3A%7BAdjuvants%2C%20Immunologic%7D&sort_by=relevance_dsc&expand=au

Vaccine Adjuvants (1) *Antimicrobial Drug Resistance (1) *Biodefense & Related Programs (1) *Emerging Infectious Diseases/ ...

https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/resources?f%5B0%5D=%3A84&f%5B1%5D=%3A85&f%5B2%5D=%3A99&f%5B3%5D=%3A275&f%5B4%5D=discipline%3A50&f%5B5%5D=disease%3A81&f%5B6%5D=disease%3A96&f%5B7%5D=disease%3A97&f%5B8%5D=disease%3A99&f%5B9%5D=disease%3A101&f%5B10%5D=disease%3A107&f%5B11%5D=type%3A268&f%5B12%5D=type%3A274&%3Bf%5B1%5D=field_research_understanding%3A45&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B1%5D=field_disease%3A90&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B2%5D=field_disease%3A85

Adjuvants, Immunologic. All MeSH CategoriesChemicals and Drugs CategoryComplex MixturesFreunds Adjuvant ... Freunds Adjuvant. An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?Db=mesh&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=%22Freund

... is a adjuvant (CHEBI:60809) immunological adjuvant (CHEBI:50847) is a immunomodulator ( ... plumbagin (CHEBI:8273) has role immunological adjuvant (CHEBI:50847). poly(I:C) (CHEBI:84491) has role immunological adjuvant ( ... laminarin (CHEBI:6364) has role immunological adjuvant (CHEBI:50847). levamisole (CHEBI:6432) has role immunological adjuvant ( ... swainsonine (CHEBI:9367) has role immunological adjuvant (CHEBI:50847). tomatine (CHEBI:9630) has role immunological adjuvant ( ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=50847

Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology. *Animals. *Brain Ischemia/blood*. *Brain Ischemia/immunology. *Brain Ischemia/pathology ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8898682

Vaccine Therapy With Either Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in Treating Women With p53- ... therapy and to see how well they work in treating women who are receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant ... cells in women with p53-overexpressing stage III breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant ... Immunologic. *HIV negative. *No prior or concurrent autoimmune disorder. Other. *Not pregnant or nursing ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00082641

Immunologic. *HIV negative. *No active infection. * No prior or concurrent autoimmune disease requiring treatment with systemic ... Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy: Within 16-28 days after the first vaccination, patients receive fluorouracil (5-FU) IV continuously ... Four to eight weeks following the completion of the last cycle of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy (chemo-radiation therapy ... Four to eight weeks following the completion of the last cycle of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy (chemo-radiation therapy ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT00084383?term=Pancreatic+Cancer&view=results

Adjuvants, Immunologic / pharmacology* * Agaricus* * Animals * Endotoxins / pharmacology* * Food Microbiology * Interleukin-6 ... Endotoxin contamination of Agaricus blazei Murrill extract enhances murine immunologic responses and inhibits the growth of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20932249/

el); gren af biomedicin (da) Immunologico (it); Immunologique, Immunobiologie (fr); Inmunologia (eu); Immunològica, ...

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Immunology

Adjuvants, Immunologic* * Administration, Intranasal * Animals * Cell Proliferation * Cross Reactions * Emulsions / ... Nasal immunization with a recombinant HIV gp120 and nanoemulsion adjuvant produces Th1 polarized responses and neutralizing ... This study suggests that NE should be evaluated as a mucosal adjuvant for multivalent HIV vaccines. ... adjuvant. Mice and guinea pigs intranasally immunized by the application of recombinant HIV gp120 antigen mixed in NE ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18260780/?dopt=Abstract

Immunologic Factors. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Antineoplastic Agents. Antiviral Agents. Anti-Infective Agents. Adjuvants ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01556685

Immunologic Factors. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Adjuvants, Immunologic. Antacids. Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02839161

The role of the adjuvant in particular warrants further research before drawing conclusions about the use of adjuvanted ... Immunologic adjuvants Is the Subject Area "Immunologic adjuvants" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ... The role of the adjuvant in particular warrants further research before drawing conclusions about the use of adjuvanted ... Our finding raises concerns of lipid containing adjuvants. Animal models have suggested that squalene, although at higher doses ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0033536

... reducing acute toxicities that result from systemic diffusion of many soluble adjuvants, and delivering multiple adjuvants at ... Two fundamental challenges plague clinical translation of vaccine-adjuvants: ... Despite decades of research very few vaccine-adjuvants have received FDA approval. ... Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage * Animals * Dendritic Cells / immunology * Immunity, Innate / drug effects* ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28566683/

Adjuvants, Immunologic.. Subject:. Bacterial vaccines.. Subject:. Aids. Subject:. Bacterial Vaccines -- immunology -- ...

http://www.powells.com/book/immunobiology-of-proteins-peptides-vi-9780306440380

... that this response can be further enhanced by a clinically-relevant adjuvant, and that we can stabilise it such that it can ... Immunologic adjuvants Is the Subject Area "Immunologic adjuvants" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006870

Adjuvants, Immunologic. *Adjuvants, Immunologic: therapeutic use. *Adolescent. *Adult. *Antibodies, Antinuclear. *Antibodies, ...

https://www.mendeley.com/research-papers/antinuclear-antibodies-response-ifnbeta1a-therapy-relapsingremitting-multiple-sclerosis/

Adjuvants Many antigens evoke suboptimal immunologic responses. Efforts to enhance immunogenicity include mixing antigens with ... Immunologic investigations with oral live typhoid vaccine Ty21a strain. In: Steffen R, Lobel HO, Bradley DJ, eds. Travel ... Preparations with adjuvants should be administered intramuscularly. && Td = tetanus and diphtheria toxoids for use among ... In general, vaccines containing adjuvants should be injected into the muscle mass; when administered subcutaneously or ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00025027.htm

Adjuvants, Immunologic. Bosch RJ, Pollard RB, Landay A, Aga E, Fox L, Mitsuyasu R. "A randomized trial of interleukin-2 during ... as a vaccine adjuvant: ACTG study 5220." Vaccine. 2010;28(34):5597-604. ...

https://actgnetwork.org/pubmed_publications?page=4&s=keyword&o=asc

Immunologic - Drug Category and Therapeutic Classification, Related Generic Drugs with Brands, Price, Indication, ... Adjuvants, Immunologic. Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the ... Adjuvants, Immunologic : Therapeutic Classification and Category of Drugs, Related Generic Drugs with Brands, Price, Indication ... 3 Generic Drugs Available under Drug Class/Category : Adjuvants, Immunologic. Dehydroepiandrosterone. Imiquimod. ...

http://www.genericdrugscan.com/drug-category/adjuvants,-immunologic

Immunologic adjuvant Sadelain, MW; Qin, HY; Lauzon, J; Singh, B (1990), "Prevention of type I diabetes in NOD mice by adjuvant ... Freunds adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster). The complete ... Freunds complete adjuvant is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity and leads to potentiation of T helper cells that ... This is related to the induction of Th17 cells by adjuvant treatment and these cells produce Interleukin-22 (IL-22). Pancreatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freunds_adjuvant

Aluminium salts are the most commonly-used adjuvants in human vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
[11] MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion of squalene adjuvant used in some human vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
Adjuvant 65 was tested in influenza vaccines in the 1970s, but was never released commercially. (wikipedia.org)
We suggest that ATP, when released after trauma or infection, may act as an endogenous adjuvant to enhance the immune response, and that P2 agonists may augment the efficacy of vaccines. (jimmunol.org)
Indicated as an adjuvant for influenza vaccine in elderly patients and as an adjuvant for both influenza and hepatitis B vaccines in chronic hemodialysis patients who failed to achieve adequate. (drugbank.com)
We tested whether administration of an adjuvant immune therapy regimen, incorporating an autologous lymphocyte infusion plus sequential autologous tumor lysate vaccines, administered following completion of physician directed standard multimodality therapy could improve outcomes for these very high-risk groups. (aacrjournals.org)
This study suggests that NE should be evaluated as a mucosal adjuvant for multivalent HIV vaccines. (nih.gov)
Some vaccines may work better when given together with another substance known as an adjuvant or when given with an experimental procedure called electroporation (EP). (clinicaltrials.gov)
The role of the adjuvant in particular warrants further research before drawing conclusions about the use of adjuvanted pandemic vaccines in the future. (plos.org)
Adjuvants are used in many vaccines, but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding the mechanisms of action of adjuvants will provide critical information on how innate immunity influences the development of adaptive immunity, help in rational design of vaccines against various diseases, and can inform on adjuvant safety. (frontiersin.org)
The goal of vaccination is induction of protective immunity and in some vaccines this can be enhanced by addition of adjuvants. (frontiersin.org)
Surprisingly, despite the wide use of vaccine adjuvants in billions of doses of human and animal vaccines, the mechanisms of action by which they potentiate immune responses are not well characterized. (frontiersin.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate the potency of cytokine-encoding vectors as adjuvants and immune modulators in composite vaccines for anti-retroviral immunization. (bireme.br)
ISCOMATRIX adjuvant: an adjuvant suitable for use in anticancer vaccines. (semanticscholar.org)
After about 70 years two new adjuvants have been approved for human vaccines. (zvedavec.org)
Safe and effective immunologic adjuvants are often essential for vaccines. (cdc.gov)
However, the choice of adjuvant for licensed vaccines is limited, especially for those that are administered intradermally. (cdc.gov)
Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) serves as a carrier for water-in-oil emulsion (W/O) vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Adjuvants augment and potentiate immunological responses and have been used to increase the efficacy of vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
Adjuvants are chemical substances which are added to vaccines to boost immune response, but many of them are known to cause a range of serious side-effects. (inoz.com)
Recently, monophosphoryl lipid A, ISCOMs with Quil-A, and Syntex adjuvant formulations (SAFs) containing the threonyl derivative or muramyl dipeptide have been under consideration for use in human vaccines. (inoz.com)
In the conventional vaccines, adjuvants are used to elicit an early, high and long-lasting immune response. (inoz.com)
The newly developed purified subunit or synthetic vaccines using biosynthetic, recombinant and other modern technology are poor immunogens and require adjuvants to evoke the immune response. (inoz.com)
Vaccines consisting of peptide or protein administered with an adjuvant have been the most frequently used. (meds.com)
Vaccine adjuvants and vaccines may induce autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations in susceptible individuals. (springer.com)
Biopersistence and brain translocation of aluminum adjuvants of vaccines. (springer.com)
To understand the immunologic basis for the different efficacies of the vaccines, we compared immune responses to the vaccines in adults 50 to 85 years old. (jci.org)
The authors characterized differences in the immunologic responses induced by two HZ vaccines, the live attenuated zoster vaccine (ZV) and the more recently developed adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) subunit herpes zoster vaccine (HZ/su), in vaccine-naive subjects and those previously vaccinated with HZ. (jci.org)
The development of mucosal vaccines, whether for prevention of infectious diseases or for oral tolerance immunotherapy, requires efficient antigen delivery and adjuvant systems that can help to present the appropriate vaccine or immunotherapy antigens to the mucosal immune system. (gu.se)

Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in HIV-infected subjects using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as a vaccine adjuvant: ACTG study 5220. (actgnetwork.org)
Potential role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as vaccine adjuvant. (oregonstate.edu)
Thus, it is necessary to develop a tumor vaccine adjuvant that is more potent and very safe. (nextbio.com)
Thus, we speculate that the chronic epipharyngitis potentially caused by the vaccine adjuvant may be involved in the pathogenesis of functional somatic syndrome (FSS) post-HPV vaccination. (springer.com)
The groups also develop new adjuvant formulations and evaluate vaccine-adjuvant combinations in relevant animal models. (nih.gov)

An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens. (wikipedia.org)
No matter what the mechanism is, alum is not a perfect adjuvant because it does not work with all antigens (e.g. malaria and tuberculosis). (wikipedia.org)
Formaldehyde is recognized as a potent adjuvant which causes foreign proteins to be recognized as antigens by the immune system, triggering immune responses to destroy them. (rense.com)
EMAILWIRE.COM, December 06, 2017 ) Vaccine adjuvants are desirable to expand the adaptive immune reactions to antigens. (emailwire.com)
Adjuvants are used to improve or enhance an immune response to antigens. (wikidoc.org)
Adjuvants are generally used with soluble protein antigens to increase antibody titers and induce a prolonged response with accompanying memory. (wikidoc.org)
Immune responses to non-protein antigens are generally poorly or enhanced by adjuvants and there is no system memory. (wikidoc.org)
However, more uniquely among adjuvant classes, they induce antigen-specific IgA antibodies and long-lasting memory to coadministered antigens when delivered mucosally or even parenterally. (asm.org)
These immune responses may be modulated by presenting the antigens together with different types of adjuvants as well as through the route of administration. (ahajournals.org)
It appears that Gardasil via its Al adjuvant and HPV antigens has the ability to trigger neuroinflammation and autoimmune reactions, further leading to behavioral changes. (springer.com)
CT and CTB have also recently been used as combined vectors and adjuvants for markedly promoting ex vivo dendritic cell (DC) vaccination with different antigens and also steering the immune response to the in vivo-reinfused DCs towards either broad Th1 + Th2 + CTL immunity (CT) or Th2 or tolerance (CTB). (gu.se)

In immunology , an adjuvant is a substance that potentiates and/or modulates the immune responses to an antigen to improve them. (wikipedia.org)
Adjuvants in immunology are often used to modify or augment the effects of a vaccine by stimulating the immune system to respond to the vaccine more vigorously, and thus providing increased immunity to a particular disease . (wikipedia.org)
In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases and/or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
This work presents our results in application of water soluble polymers in immunology-related areas: design of antigenic erythrocytic diagnosticums and adjuvants for production of hyperimmune serums. (actapress.com)

Bacterial products: killed bacteria of the species Bordetella pertussis, Mycobacterium bovis,[citation needed] toxoids Plant saponins from Quillaja (see Quil A), soybean, Polygala senega Cytokines: IL-1, IL-2, IL-12 Combinations: Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant Other organic substances: squalene There are many adjuvants, some of which are inorganic, that carry the potential to augment immunogenicity. (wikipedia.org)
Adjuvants (Latin word adjuvare , meaning "to help or aid") were first described by Ramon as "substances used in combination with a specific antigen that produced a more robust immune response than the antigen alone" ( Ramon, 1924 ). (frontiersin.org)
AIDS Cooperative Adjuvant Groups conduct multidisciplinary research on the mechanisms of action of adjuvants, substances that can be combined with a vaccine to enhance immune responses. (nih.gov)
2. Chemical substances which are supposed to enhance the immune response to the vaccine, called adjuvants. (inoz.com)

AHR-5850 was 16.4 and 22.8 times more potent than phenylbutazone in suppressing acute (Evans blue-carrageenan pleural effusion) and chronic (adjuvant-induced arthritis) inflammation, respectively. (springer.com)
Foreign circRNAs are potent adjuvants to induce antigen-specific Tcell activation, antibody production, and anti-tumor immunity invivo, and m6A modification abrogates immune gene activation and adjuvant activity. (stanford.edu)
The new vaccine, recently approved by the FDA, is a non-live recombinant subunit vaccine combined with a potent adjuvant system intended to generate long-lasting immunity. (healio.com)
Two decades later, Jules Freund developed a potent adjuvant, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) which was basically a mineral (paraffin) oil containing killed mycobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
The most potent (but also toxic) mucosal adjuvants are cholera toxin (CT) and the closely related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), and much effort and significant progress have been made recently to generate toxicologically acceptable derivatives of these toxins with retained adjuvant activity. (gu.se)

Immunopharmacology of infectious diseases : vaccine adjuvants and modulators of non-specific resistance, proceedings of the International Symposium on Immunological Adjuvants and Modulators of Non-Specific Resistance to Microbial Infections, held at Columbia, Maryland, June 30-July 3, 1986 / editor, Jeannine A. Majde. (who.int)

ASO Author Reflections: Adjuvant Treatment of Melanoma in the Modern Era. (harvard.edu)
Although risk of recurrence after surgical removal of clinical stage I-II melanoma is considerable, there is no adjuvant therapy with proven efficacy. (aacrjournals.org)
Potentially offering durable protection, local low-dose CpG-B administration in early-stage melanoma provides an adjuvant treatment option for a large group of patients currently going untreated despite being at considerable risk for disease recurrence. (aacrjournals.org)
Here, we show that local low-dose CpG type B administration provides an adjuvant treatment option at early stages of melanoma that can offer durable protection against (distant) recurrence with minimal side effects. (aacrjournals.org)
Adjuvant Immunotherapy of Resected, Intermediate-Thickness, Node-Negative Melanoma With an Allogeneic Tumor Vaccine: Overall Results of a Randomize. (oncolink.org)
There is no standard adjuvant therapy for completely resected, intermediate thickness, node-negative melanoma patients. (oncolink.org)

We administered adjuvant immunotherapy to patients with metastatic and recurrent pediatric sarcomas in an effort to improve outcomes. (aacrjournals.org)
Five-year intent-to-treat OS of patients with newly diagnosed metastatic Ewing/rhabdomyosarcoma was 77%, higher than previously reported in this population and higher than observed in a similar group treated with an earlier adjuvant immunotherapy regimen (25% 5-year OS). (aacrjournals.org)
Adjuvant immunotherapy may improve survival in patients with metastatic pediatric sarcoma. (aacrjournals.org)
New advances in the comprehension of the mechanisms of antigen presentation by dendritic cells, in the immune responses triggered by adjuvants, as well as the understanding of the role of immunosuppressor molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which led to the recent approval of the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab, have opened new hopes about the installment of immunotherapy as a new modality to treat cancer. (frontiersin.org)

Bacillus subtilis spores as adjuvants against avian influenza H9N2 induce antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses in White Leghorn chickens. (harvard.edu)

Adjuvants may act by a combination of various mechanisms including formation of depot, induction of cytokines and chemokines, recruitment of immune cells, enhancement of antigen uptake and presentation, and promoting antigen transport to draining lymph nodes. (frontiersin.org)
2) Other adjuvants are associated with transient secretion of cytokines and chemokines. (frontiersin.org)
In order to overcome this interference of retroviral envelope, we employed plasmids encoding the cytokines interleukin (IL) 1 , IL2, IL12, IL15, IL21, IL28A or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as genetic adjuvants. (bireme.br)
These adjuvants might be compounds such as bacterial cell wall components that incite an inflammatory response or cytokines such as IL-12 or GM-CSF, as Dr. Weber described. (meds.com)

[4] Because immune systems have evolved to recognize these specific antigenic moieties , the presence of an adjuvant in conjunction with the vaccine can greatly increase the innate immune response to the antigen by augmenting the activities of dendritic cells (DCs), lymphocytes , and macrophages by mimicking a natural infection . (wikipedia.org)
Adjuvant: a substance that is not antigenic but, when mixed with an antigen, enhances antibody production. (termsciences.fr)

Determine the safety and toxicity of two different schedules of vaccination comprising p53-infected autologous dendritic cells in women with p53-overexpressing stage III breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and T cells are all recruited to the site of the inflammation where adjuvant is used, but it is believed that in situ dendritic cells ultimately take up the proteins and peptides, process them if necessary, and present them on the cell surface as peptides capable of binding to the MHC molecules. (meds.com)

There are several types of adjuvants. (inoz.com)
Part 1 deals with the following types of adjuvants (after Gupta et al. (inoz.com)

Adjuvants, Immunologic" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

The triple adjuvant combination showed increased antigen-specific antibody titer with an overall balanced Th1/Th2 response, while the dual combination promoted Th1-polarized IgG responses. (nih.gov)
Another important area of emphasis is research on activation of the innate immune system by vaccine adjuvants and establishment of long-term protective antibody and T-cell memory responses. (aappublications.org)
The polymeric adjuvants provides 2-10 times higher antibody titers comparing with standard (complete Freund's adjuvant). (actapress.com)
Freund later found that immunization of the protein antigen in a water-in-paraffin oil emulsion without killed mycobacteria was just as effective in increasing and prolonging antibody formation[ 3 ], leading to the development of incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) which is a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion without killed mycobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)

Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy: Within 16-28 days after the first vaccination, patients receive fluorouracil (5-FU) IV continuously for 3 weeks. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Here we investigated the effects of DNA vaccination with the whole CD25 gene on the induction of rat adjuvant arthritis. (jci.org)
Here we describe the use of vaccination with DNA encoding CD25 to inhibit an experimental autoimmune disease - adjuvant arthritis (AA). (jci.org)
The primary objective for patients who are receiving vaccination in the adjuvant setting will be to evaluate the immunologic responses and toxicity of FGF-5 peptide vaccination who are likely to receive repeat vaccination prior to requiring IL-2. (knowcancer.com)
The secondary objective is to evaluate the immunologic responses to FGF-5 peptide vaccination. (knowcancer.com)

Thus, the development of safer and more effective adjuvants is of great importance. (jimmunol.org)
Although FCA is one of the most effective adjuvants known, it results in generalized granulomatous proliferation in various organs [ 4 - 6 ], severe pain and distress[ 7 ] and is not approved for human use. (biomedcentral.com)

1) Some adjuvants presumably form a depot at the site of injection, which is associated with slow release of antigen. (frontiersin.org)
Most adjuvants provide for an injection site, antigen depot which allows for a slow release of antigen into draining lymph nodes. (wikidoc.org)

However, there are a number of other adjuvants based on oil emulsions, products from bacteria (their synthetic derivatives as well as liposomes) or gram-negative bacteria, endotoxins, cholesterol, fatty acids, aliphatic amines, paraffinic and vegetable oils. (inoz.com)

Freund's adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster). (wikipedia.org)
In pancreatic islets the β-cells regenerate following Freund's adjuvant treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Singh, B (1993), "Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced T cells prevent the development and adoptive transfer of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice", J. Immunol. (wikipedia.org)

I, for one, have some significant concerns regarding this vaccine and what the potential effects of this adjuvant system may portend to patients with pre-existing autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. (healio.com)
Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) 2013: unveiling the pathogenic, clinical and diagnostic aspects. (springer.com)
Autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) in commercial sheep. (springer.com)

Here, we provide clinical evidence that a local conditioning regimen, aimed at immunologic arming of the tumor-draining lymph nodes, may provide durable protection against disease recurrence (median follow-up, 88.8 months). (aacrjournals.org)

PURPOSE: This randomized phase I/II trial is studying the side effects of two regimens of vaccine therapy and to see how well they work in treating women who are receiving neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy for stage III breast cancer that overexpresses p53. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Four to eight weeks following the completion of the last cycle of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy (chemo-radiation therapy is standard of care and not part of the protocol) eligible patients will receive three additional vaccinations at one month intervals. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The purpose of this study is to compare concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced NPC, in order to evaluate the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients presented with non-keratinizing NPC and stage T3-4N1M0/TxN2-3M0 are randomly assigned to receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy (investigational arm)or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (control arm). (clinicaltrials.gov)

In this study we have investigated the induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses to HIV gp120 monomer immunogen administered intranasally in a novel, oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant. (nih.gov)
Our results show how polymeric particulate-carriers can be adopted to safely deliver combinatorial adjuvants and selectively synergize specific types of immune responses for vaccine applications. (nih.gov)
It appears that adjuvants activate innate immune responses to create a local immuno-competent environment at the injection site. (frontiersin.org)
Depending on the type of innate responses activated, adjuvants can alter the quality and quantity of adaptive immune responses. (frontiersin.org)
First, it provides the knowledge and analytical tools for understanding the immunologic basis of protective immune responses as well as a framework for approaching studies of adverse events. (aappublications.org)
dmLT is an adjuvant that enhances vaccine-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses following mucosal or parenteral delivery, described in detail below (e.g. (asm.org)
3) Unlike other adjuvants, such as aluminum hydroxide or many Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based adjuvants (e.g., monophosphoryl lipid A [MPL] and CpG), dmLT induces strong interleukin-17 (IL-17) recall cytokine secretion and antigen-specific Th17 responses after parenteral or mucosal immunization ( 7 - 15 ). (asm.org)
Another type of mucosal adjuvants is represented by bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG-motifs, which especially when linked to CTB have been found to effectively stimulate both innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses. (gu.se)

This study will evaluate the safety and tolerability of and immune response to an HIV DNA vaccine with or without plasmid IL-12 adjuvant, when given by EP and followed by a live vector vaccine given IM by needle and syringe in healthy, HIV-uninfected adults. (clinicaltrials.gov)
They will evaluate whether patients develop a specific immunologic response to the target peptides. (dana.org)
We sought to evaluate the effects of Al adjuvant and the HPV vaccine Gardasil versus the true placebo on behavioral and inflammatory parameters in female mice. (springer.com)

Thus, on the one hand, it was found that LPS did not function as an adjuvant in C3H/HeJ mice, a unique strain whose spleen cells were also unresponsive to LPS-induced mitogenesis. (jimmunol.org)
citation needed] When administered to diabetes prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) prevented juvenile-onset diabetes. (wikipedia.org)

Alum has been associated with local reactions in some individuals and is believed to be a relatively weak adjuvant for cell-mediated immunity and Ab induction to protein subunits. (jimmunol.org)
Freund's complete adjuvant is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity and leads to potentiation of T helper cells that leads to the production of certain immunoglobulins and effector T cells. (wikipedia.org)

At the current time, the only adjuvants proved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are aluminum-based mineral salts (alum) ( 1 ). (jimmunol.org)

It combines glycoprotein E with an adjuvant system that enhances immunologic response. (healio.com)

In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants. (frontiersin.org)
Based on their proposed mechanisms of action, vaccine adjuvants have been broadly divided into delivery systems and immuno-stimulatory adjuvants ( Singh and O'Hagan, 2003 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this review, we will address the proposed mechanisms of action of vaccine adjuvants with specific emphasis on licensed adjuvants (Table 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
The purpose of this minireview is to describe the general properties, history and creation, preclinical studies, clinical studies, mechanisms of action, and considerations for use of the most promising enterotoxin-based adjuvant to date, LT(R192G/L211A) or dmLT. (asm.org)

We picked a dual and a triple adjuvant combination, TLR4/TLR9 and TLR4/TLR7/TLR9, for further evaluation and found that both combinations promoted antigen cross-presentation in vitro. (nih.gov)
These studies will assess efficacy against one or more pathogens (e.g. mycoplasma and viruses) in combinations with immunologic adjuvants to create a targeted vector vaccine. (europa.eu)

There are many known adjuvants in widespread use, including aluminium salts, oils and virosomes . (wikipedia.org)

Two fundamental challenges plague clinical translation of vaccine-adjuvants: reducing acute toxicities that result from systemic diffusion of many soluble adjuvants, and delivering multiple adjuvants at the same time to mimic the synergistic immune-stimulation of pathogens, while being safe. (nih.gov)

Thus, unlike many depot-type adjuvants, such as aluminum hydroxide, no advanced preparation or absorption is required to formulate the antigen/adjuvant vaccine. (asm.org)
To date most human vaccine trials utilize aluminum (Al) adjuvants as placebos despite much evidence showing that Al in vaccine-relevant exposures can be toxic to humans and animals. (springer.com)

Tetrazole- and imidazole-containing polymers are active as immunologic adjuvants. (actapress.com)

[1] The word "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare , meaning to help or aid. (wikipedia.org)

IgG Fc sialylation is regulated during the germinal center reaction following immunization with different adjuvants. (harvard.edu)

Determine overall and disease-free survival of patients with resected stage I or II adenocarcinoma of the pancreas treated with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in combination with GVAX pancreatic cancer vaccine. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Adjuvants accomplish this task by mimicking specific sets of evolutionarily conserved molecules, so called PAMPs , which include liposomes , lipopolysaccharide (LPS), molecular cages for antigen , components of bacterial cell walls , and endocytosed nucleic acids such as double-stranded RNA ( dsRNA ), single-stranded DNA ( ssDNA ), and unmethylated CpG dinucleotide-containing DNA . (wikipedia.org)

Some adjuvants work as delivery systems that provide stimulation of the immune system. (emailwire.com)
Advances in vaccine technology, including new delivery methods and adjuvants, as well as progress in systems biology and an increased understanding of the human immune system, hold the potential to address these issues. (stanford.edu)

The adjuvant dmLT, or more technically LT(R192G/L211A), is an 84-kDa polymeric protein with an AB 5 structure composed of an enzymatically active A subunit (28 kDa) noncovalently associated with a pentameric B subunit (consisting of five 11.5-kDa monomers) as shown in Fig. 1A . (asm.org)

Currently, there is no widely accepted adjuvant treatment available for these patients, despite the fact that after surgical removal of the primary tumor, they still run a considerable risk of recurrence. (aacrjournals.org)

Inorganic compounds: potassium alum, aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, calcium phosphate hydroxide Oils: paraffin oil, propolis (only in preclinical studies), Adjuvant 65 (based on peanut oil. (wikipedia.org)

This was based on the ratio of its potency relative to phenylbutazone in producing intestinal lesions to its anti-inflammatory potency relative to phenylbutazone in the adjuvant-induced arthritis. (springer.com)

Chemically, the adjuvants are a highly heterogenous group of compounds with only one thing in common: their ability to enhance the immune response - their adjuvanticity. (inoz.com)

adjuvant disease, onemocnění z adjuvantů). (zvedavec.org)

Preclinical and clinical trials have been performed with a variety of adjuvants, and although some have been immunologically effective, most have been too toxic for routine use. (jimmunol.org)
Exley C. Aluminium-based adjuvants should not be used as placebos in clinical trials. (springer.com)
The properties and clinical potential of these different classes of adjuvants are being discussed. (gu.se)

Anatomy14

Organisms9

Diseases37

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment64

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science2

Health Care27

Activity in saline of phthalylated or succinylated derivatives of mycobacterial water-soluble adjuvant. (1/6132)

Systemic administration of rIL-12 synergistically enhances the therapeutic effect of a TNF gene-transduced cancer vaccine. (2/6132)

Transcutaneous immunization with bacterial ADP-ribosylating exotoxins as antigens and adjuvants. (3/6132)

Zonula occludens toxin is a powerful mucosal adjuvant for intranasally delivered antigens. (4/6132)

Emergent immunoregulatory properties of combined glucocorticoid and anti-glucocorticoid steroids in a model of tuberculosis. (5/6132)

N,N'-Diacetyl-L-cystine-the disulfide dimer of N-acetylcysteine-is a potent modulator of contact sensitivity/delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in rodents. (6/6132)

Issues in the treatment of active tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. (7/6132)

Soluble HLA class I, HLA class II, and Fas ligand in blood components: a possible key to explain the immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic blood transfusions. (8/6132)

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

Freund's Adjuvant

Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic

Breast Neoplasms

Aluminum Hydroxide

Combined Modality Therapy

Immunization

Tamoxifen

Fluorouracil

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

Disease-Free Survival

Neoplasm Staging

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Treatment Outcome

Vaccines

Administration, Intranasal

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Survival Analysis

Arthritis, Experimental

Prognosis

Antibody Formation

Vaccines, Subunit

Cyclophosphamide

Immunoglobulin G

Lymphatic Metastasis

Survival Rate

Squalene

Vaccination

Ovalbumin

Immunity, Mucosal

Levamisole

Antineoplastic Agents

Saponins

Aromatase Inhibitors

Polysorbates

Cholera Toxin

Follow-Up Studies

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine

Cancer Vaccines

Vaccines, Synthetic

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Methotrexate

Lymph Nodes

Retrospective Studies

Time Factors

Hypersensitivity, Delayed

Neoadjuvant Therapy

Epirubicin

Receptors, Estrogen

ISCOMs

Vaccines, DNA

Mastectomy

Bacterial Vaccines

Doxorubicin

Rats, Inbred Lew

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Lipid A

Adenocarcinoma

Colonic Neoplasms

Immunity, Humoral

Immunity, Cellular

Clinical Trials as Topic

Leucovorin

Nitriles

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Drug Administration Schedule

Antigens

Th1 Cells

Vaccines, Inactivated

Kaplan-Meier Estimate

Anthracyclines

Hemocyanin

Dendritic Cells

Influenza Vaccines

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic

Triazoles

Receptor, erbB-2