Adjuvants anesthesia. Medical search

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.

A range of methods used to reduce pain and anxiety during dental procedures.

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

A specialty concerned with the study of anesthetics and anesthesia.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Agents that aid or increase the action of the principle drug (DRUG SYNERGISM) or that affect the absorption, mechanism of action, metabolism, or excretion of the primary drug (PHARMACOKINETICS) in such a way as to enhance its effects.

The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)

A widely used local anesthetic agent.

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.

Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Epidural anesthesia administered via the sacral canal.

A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.

A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)

Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)

An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.

A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.

An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.

Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the delivery of anesthetics.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Pain during the period after surgery.

A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

The period during a surgical operation.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.

An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)

One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.

Sense of awareness of self and of the environment.

A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.

Surgery restricted to the management of minor problems and injuries; surgical procedures of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life. (Dorland, 28th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.

Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.

Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.

A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.

Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

Occurence of a patient becoming conscious during a procedure performed under GENERAL ANESTHESIA and subsequently having recall of these events. (From Anesthesiology 2006, 104(4): 847-64.)

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

The period following a surgical operation.

A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.

The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.

Books designed to give factual information or instructions.

Methods of PAIN relief that may be used with or in place of ANALGESICS.

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

Examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the larynx performed with a specially designed endoscope.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.

Androstanes and androstane derivatives which are substituted in any position with one or more hydroxyl groups.

Procedure in which arterial blood pressure is intentionally reduced in order to control blood loss during surgery. This procedure is performed either pharmacologically or by pre-surgical removal of blood.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.

Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposely following repeated painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

Facilities equipped for performing surgery.

Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.

The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.

Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.

A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Involuntary contraction or twitching of the muscles. It is a physiologic method of heat production in man and other mammals.

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.

An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)

A imidazole derivative that is an agonist of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. It is closely-related to MEDETOMIDINE, which is the racemic form of this compound.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.

Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)

A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibers to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibers to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura.

Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Professional nurses who have completed postgraduate training in the administration of anesthetics and who function under the responsibility of the operating surgeon.

Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.

A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycone moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose.

Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.

A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.

The measure of the level of heat of a human or animal.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.

An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.

Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.

A network of nerve fibers originating in the upper four CERVICAL SPINAL CORD segments. The cervical plexus distributes cutaneous nerves to parts of the neck, shoulders, and back of the head. It also distributes motor fibers to muscles of the cervical SPINAL COLUMN, infrahyoid muscles, and the DIAPHRAGM.

Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.

A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.

A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.

An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.

Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.

Surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

Peptidoglycan immunoadjuvant originally isolated from bacterial cell wall fragments; also acts as pyrogen and may cause arthritis; stimulates both humoral and cellular immunity.

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The act of "taking account" of an object or state of affairs. It does not imply assessment of, nor attention to the qualities or nature of the object.

Operative procedures performed on the SKIN.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.

Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.

Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Surgery performed on the female genitalia.

A 3:1 mixture of alfaxalone with alfadolone acetate that previously had been used as a general anesthetic. It is no longer actively marketed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1445)

The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine.

An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

Dental care for the emotionally, mentally, or physically disabled patient. It does not include dental care for the chronically ill ( = DENTAL CARE FOR CHRONICALLY ILL).

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.

The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation.

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.

Excision of the uterus.

Pentobarbital-sensitive EDHF comediates ACh-induced arteriolar dilation in the hamster microcirculation. (1/245)

It is unclear to what extent the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) contributes to the control of microcirculatory blood flow in vivo. We analyzed, by intravital microscopy in hamster muscles, the potential role of EDHF along the vascular tree under stimulated (ACh) or basal conditions. Experiments were performed in conscious as well as anesthetized (pentobarbital, urethan) animals. Additionally, cellular effects of the potential EDHF were studied in isolated small arteries. In pentobarbital-anesthetized animals, treatment with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 30 micromol/l) and indomethacin (3 micromol/l) reduced the dilation in response to 10 micromol/l ACh from 60 +/- 6 to 20 +/- 4%. This nitric oxide/prostaglandin-independent dilation (NPID), which was of a similar magnitude in large and small arterioles, was abolished by potassium depolarization or charybdotoxin (ChTX, 1 micromol/l) but not by glibenclamide. In conscious animals, NPID amounted to 33 +/- 3%. The inhibitor of the P-450 monooxygenase 17-octadecynoic acid (ODYA) reduced NPID further to 9 +/- 4%. ChTX abolished the NPID and also reduced basal diameters (by -11 +/- 3%). The induction of anesthesia with pentobarbital reduced NPID (to 12 +/- 6%), whereas urethan anesthesia was without effect. Pentobarbital also reduced the ACh-induced hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle in isolated arteries, whereas ChTX abolished it. This study suggests that a considerable part of the ACh dilation in the microcirculation is mediated by EDHF, which also contributes to the control of basal tone in conscious animals. The direct inhibitory effect of pentobarbital and ODYA supports the idea that "microcirculatory" EDHF is a product of the cytochrome P-450 pathway. The role of EDHF might be underestimated in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals. (+info)

Dose effect and benefits of glycopyrrolate in the treatment of bradycardia in anesthetized dogs. (2/245)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of glycopyrrolate (0.005 or 0.01 mg/kg body weight (BW)) in anesthetized dogs (n = 40) for reversal of bradycardia (< 65 beats/min). Following random intravenous (i.v.) treatment, heart rate was determined at 5 min and, if it was < or = 70 beats/min, the lower dose was repeated. A 2-way analysis of variance considered dose and animal size (< or = 10 kg, > 10 kg) effects (P < 0.05). Glycopyrrolate produced a significant increase in heart rate and infrequent tachycardia (< or = 150 beats/min), which was not dose-related. The size of the dog produced a significant effect on baseline heart rate (higher in small), rate following the first dose (lower in small), and requirement for retreatment (47% in small, 13% in large). In a separate group of anesthetized dogs (n = 20), the blood pressure effect of glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg BW, i.v.) treatment of bradycardia (65-85 beats/min, weight-adjusted) was studied. A significant increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure was produced. In conclusion, the effective dose of glycopyrrolate treatment is size-related and produces a beneficial effect on blood pressure. (+info)

Dual effects of pentobarbital on rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons in vitro. (3/245)

AIM: To study the effects of pentobarbital (PB) on acutely dissociated rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons (SDCN). METHODS: Nystatin-perforated patch clamp recording was used. RESULTS: (1) At a holding potential of -40 mV, PB induced inward Cl- current (IPB) in a concentration-dependent manner with a EC50 (95% confidence limits) of 416 (385-477) mumol.L-1 and a Hill coefficient of 1.08. (2) Picrotoxin reversibly blocked IPB. (3) The reversal potential of IPB was close to the Cl- equilibrium potential. (4) PB enhanced GABA-induced Cl- influx (IGABA). In the presence of PB 30 mumol.L-1, the EC50 (95% confidence limits) of IGABA decreased from 6.9 (5.4-8.4) mumol.L-1 to 3.5 (2.9-4.1) mumol.L-1. CONCLUSION: PB had dual effects on SDCN, facilitated GABAA receptor-mediated currents and at higher concentrations induced Cl- influx itself. (+info)

Glucocorticoid effects on mesotelencephalic dopamine neurotransmission. (4/245)

Multiple neurochemical estimates were used to examine peripheral corticosterone (CORT) effects in dopaminergic terminal regions. Acute CORT administration, which elevated plasma CORT (5 h), slightly decreased dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) to dopamine (DA) ratios in the striatum but not in other regions examined. Two weeks of adrenalectomy (ADX) increased both medial prefrontal cortex DOPAC/DA and homovanillic acid (HVA)/DA and striatal HVA/DA. A reciprocal pattern of changes was observed with CORT replacement in ADX animals. In contrast, CORT replacement in ADX animals did not significantly influence tyrosine hydroxylase content, basal dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) accumulation after NSD 1015 treatment or the decline in DA after alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, suggesting that neither DA neuronal activity nor release are altered by CORT. Moreover, neither gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone-induced increases in DOPA accumulation or stress-induced increases in DA utilization were influenced by CORT replacement, indicating that neither autoreceptor regulation of DA synthesis nor acute stress regulation of DA utilization are changed by CORT. The findings are most consistent with direct inhibition of basal DA metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum. The possible physiological and behavioral significance of this inhibition is being further explored. (+info)

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and cocaine administration increases mRNA expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat brain. (5/245)

The effects of acute and repeated gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and cocaine administration on D1 and D2 dopamine receptor mRNA expression were examined using in situ hybridization histochemistry in different rat brain structures rich in GHB receptors. Six hours after a single GHB administration (500 mg/kg i.p.), an increase in D1 and D2 mRNA expression was observed in almost all regions examined; whereas, acute cocaine injection (20 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect. Repeated exposure to GHB (500 mg/kg i.p. twice daily) for 10 days, followed by a 14-h withdrawal period, induced increasing effects on D1 and D2 dopamine receptor mRNA expression, similar to those caused by chronic treatment with cocaine (20 mg/kg i.p. once a day). These effects of GHB and cocaine on dopamine receptor mRNA expression could be a consequence, for both compounds, of the modulation of dopaminergic activity; thus, supporting the benefit of GHB in cocaine substitution therapy. (+info)

Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in conscious and anesthetized mice. (6/245)

Using a high-frequency linear transducer (15L8), we studied 1) the feasibility of performing echocardiography in nonanesthetized mice compared with mice given pentobarbital sodium (Pento) or a mixture of ketamine and xylazine and 2) the feasibility of echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, dilatation, and function in mice with two-kidney, one-clip hypertension or myocardial infarction (MI). Heart rate (HR) in awake mice was 658 +/- 9 beats/min; Pento and ketamine plus xylazine reduced HR to 377 +/- 11 and 293 +/- 19 beats/min, respectively, associated with a significant decrease in shortening fraction (SF), ejection fraction (EF), and cardiac output (CO) and an increase in LV end-diastolic (LVEDD) and end-systolic dimensions (LVESD). Mice with 4 wk of two-kidney, one-clip hypertension had increased LV mass (15.62 +/- 0. 62 vs. 22.17 +/- 1.79 mg) without altered LV dimensions, SF, EF, or CO. Mice studied 4 wk post-MI exhibited obvious LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction, as evidenced by increased LVEDD and LVESD and decreased SF, EF, and CO. Our findings clearly show the adverse impact of anesthesia on basal cardiac function and the difficulty in interpreting data obtained from anesthetized mice. We believe this is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of using echocardiography to assess cardiovascular function in the nonanesthetized mouse. (+info)

Antinociceptive effect of R-(+)-hyoscyamine on the conjunctival reflex test in rabbits. (7/245)

R-(+)-Hyoscyamine (1-10 microg/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently increased the local anesthetic effect of procaine (50 microg/ml) and lidocaine (50 microg/ml) in the conjunctival reflex test in the rabbit. This potentiating effect is completely prevented by the M1 antagonist dicyclomine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). The intensity of R-(+)-hyoscyamine antinociception was comparable to that induced by morphine (2 mg/kg, s.c.) and minaprine (15 mg/kg, s.c.), used as analgesic reference drugs. In the same experimental conditions, the S-(-)-enantiomer of atropine (0.1-10 microg/kg, s.c.), was completely ineffective. The present results confirm the ability of R-(+)-hyoscyamine to produce a paradoxical antinociceptive effect mediated by a cholinergic mechanism not only in rodents but also in the rabbit. (+info)

Closed-loop control of propofol anaesthesia. (8/245)

We describe the use of a closed-loop system to control depth of propofol anaesthesia automatically. We used the auditory evoked potential index (AEPindex) as the input signal of this system to validate it as a true measure of depth of anaesthesia. Auditory evoked potentials were acquired and processed in real time to provide the AEPindex. The AEPindex was used in a proportional integral (PI) controller to determine the target blood concentration of propofol required to induce and maintain general anaesthesia automatically. We studied 100 spontaneously breathing patients. The mean AEPindex before induction of anaesthesia was 73.5 (SD 17.6), during surgical anaesthesia 37.8 (4.5) and at recovery of consciousness 89.7 (17.9). Twenty-two patients required assisted ventilation before incision. After incision, ventilation was assisted in four of these 22 patients for more than 5 min. There was no incidence of intraoperative awareness and all patients were prepared to have the same anaesthetic in future. Movement interfering with surgery was minimal. Cardiovascular stability and overall control of anaesthesia were satisfactory. (+info)

Regional anesthesia Prabhakar, H; Rath, S; Kalaivani, M; Bhanderi, N (19 March 2015). "Adrenaline with lidocaine for digital ... "Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral nerve block". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11: CD011770. doi:10.1002/ ... Miller's anesthesia. Miller, Ronald D., 1939- (Eighth ed.). Philadelphia, PA. ISBN 978-0-7020-5283-5. OCLC 892338436.CS1 maint ... carry a lower anesthetic risk than general anesthesia. A neurolytic block is a form of nerve block involving the deliberate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_block

... give the anesthesia provider greater rapidity in titrating the depth of anesthesia, and permit a more rapid emergence from the ... Nitrous oxide is a common adjuvant gas, making it one of the most long-lived drugs still in current use. Because of its low ... anesthesia awareness'. In this situation, patients paralyzed may awaken during their anesthesia, due to an inappropriate ... many case reports exist in which awareness under anesthesia has occurred despite apparently adequate anesthesia as measured by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthetic

"Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant in Epidural Analgesia and Anesthesia: A Systematic Review and Meta- ... General anesthesia is usually considered safe; however, there are reported cases of patients with distortion of taste and/or ... Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhou H, Tian T, Wu A (22 August 2017). "Dexmedetomidine as a neuraxial adjuvant for prevention of ... Loss of Smell and Taste After General Anesthesia: A Case Report. A&A Case Reports. 2017;9(12):346-348. doi:10.1213/XAA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_anaesthesia

"The benzodiazepines as adjuvant analgesics". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 9 (8): 510-4. doi:10.1016/0885-3924(94) ... The following are the types of regional anesthesia:[2]:926-931 *Infiltrative anesthesia: a small amount of local anesthetic is ... Sedation (also referred to as dissociative anesthesia or twilight anesthesia) creates hypnotic, sedative, anxiolytic, amnesic, ... Spinal anesthesia is a "one-shot" injection that provides rapid onset and profound sensory anesthesia with lower doses of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

... give the anesthesia provider greater rapidity in titrating the depth of anesthesia, and permit a more rapid emergence from the ... Nitrous oxide is a common adjuvant gas, making it one of the most long-lived drugs still in current use. Because of its low ... many case reports exist in which awareness under anesthesia has occurred despite apparently adequate anesthesia as measured by ... An anesthetic (American English) or anaesthetic (British English; see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaesthetic

Adjuvants are used to improve or enhance an immune response to antigens. Most adjuvants provide for an injection site, antigen ... allowable volumes of blood per collection and safety precautions including appropriate restraint and sedation or anesthesia of ... This includes adjuvant selection, routes and sites of administration, injection volumes per site and number of sites per animal ... Many adjuvants also contain or act directly as: surfactants which promote concentration of protein antigens molecules over a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal_antibodies

... adjuvants, anesthesia MeSH D27.505.954.427.020 - alcohol deterrents MeSH D27.505.954.427.040 - analgesics MeSH D27.505.954.427. ... adjuvants, immunologic MeSH D27.505.696.477.274.400 - interferon inducers MeSH D27.505.696.477.656 - immunosuppressive agents ... adjuvants, pharmaceutic MeSH D27.720.744.523 - ointment bases MeSH D27.720.744.771 - preservatives, pharmaceutical MeSH D27.720 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)

... is also sometimes used as an adjuvant in medical procedures requiring anesthesia or to reduce anxiety during brief ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triazolam

For anesthesia, he took oral barbiturates. He also took hydrocortisone and prepared a canister of vaporized adrenalin, readying ... luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and Freund's adjuvant. When this produced an abscess at the injection site, he resorted ... For local anesthesia, he injected lidocaine hydrochloride into each successive tissue layer during the opening. He controlled ... Wiener, Joseph (1916). "Appendectomy Under Local Anesthesia". Journal of the American Medical Association. LXVI (15): 1078-1079 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-surgery

Rarely general anesthesia will be used, in patients with an inability to cooperate during surgery. An initial pocket is created ... Alternatively, non-chemotherapeutic adjuvants can be implemented to prevent super scarring by wound modulation, such as the ... A shield is applied to cover the eye until anesthesia has worn off (that also anesthetizes the optic nerve) and vision resumes ... This outpatient procedure was most commonly performed under monitored anesthesia care using a retrobulbar block or peribulbar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabeculectomy

Adjuvants improve the safety of IVRA by promoting anesthetic action and minimizing side effects. For example, benzodiazepine ... Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) or Bier's block anesthesia is an anesthetic technique on the body's extremities where a ... The use of tourniquets and injected anesthesia to induce localized anesthesia was first introduced by August Bier in 1908. He ... Anesthesia August Bier Regional Anesthesia Surgical Tourniquets Matt, Corinna (2007). "Intravenous regional anaesthesia". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_regional_anesthesia

Adjuvants improve the safety of IVRA by promoting anesthetic action and minimizing side effects. For example, benzodiazepine ... Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) or Bier's block anesthesia is an anesthetic technique on the body's extremities where a ... Intravenous regional anesthesia. Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) using older tourniquet equipment. Modern electronic ... The use of tourniquets and injected anesthesia to induce localized anesthesia was first introduced by August Bier in 1908. He ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intravenous_regional_anesthesia

In one study in 2007, scans were taken of patients exposed to adjuvant chemotherapy. Significantly altered blood flow in the ... Menopause, the biological impact of a surgical procedure with anesthesia, medications prescribed in addition to the ... Matsuda T, Takayama T, Tashiro M, Nakamura Y, Ohashi Y, Shimozuma K (2005). "Mild cognitive impairment after adjuvant ... 2007). "Smaller regional volumes of brain gray and white matter demonstrated in breast cancer survivors exposed to adjuvant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-chemotherapy_cognitive_impairment

Derry CJ, Derry S, Moore RA (December 2014). "Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults". The Cochrane ... Horlocker TT, Cousins MJ, Bridenbaugh PO, Carr DL (2008). Cousins and Bridenbaugh's Neural Blockade in Clinical Anesthesia and ... report less labor pain and are less likely to use epidural anesthesia during childbirth, or suffer from chest pain after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain

Epidural anesthesia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy also have vasodilator effect. A 2020 Cochrane review found moderate certainty ... Streptokinase has been proposed as adjuvant therapy in some cases. Despite the clear presence of inflammation in this disorder ... Hussein EA, el Dorri A (1993). "Intra-arterial streptokinase as adjuvant therapy for complicated Buerger's disease: early ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboangiitis_obliterans

Caraceni, A; Zecca, E; Martini, C; De Conno, F (June 1999). "Gabapentin as an adjuvant to opioid analgesia for neuropathic ... Techniques in regional anesthesia and pain management. 17 (2013): 188-94. doi:10.1053/j.trap.2014.07.006.. ... and are hence called analgesic adjuvant medications. Gabapentin-an anti-epileptic-not only exerts effects alone on neuropathic ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_medicine

The addition of another modality of treatment is referred to as adjuvant (literally helping) therapy, compared to its use as ... Patient factors also need to be taken into account, including general baseline functionality, smoking history, anesthesia risk ... The adequacy of surgical resection is a major factor in determining the role of postoperative adjuvant therapy. In the presence ... Such patient selection may enable them to avoid the morbidity of additional adjuvant treatment. In the absence of favourable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV-positive_oropharyngeal_cancer

It is used as an adjuvant, adulterant, and diluent to street drugs such as cocaine and heroin. It is one of the three common ... His colleague Bengt Lundqvist performed the first injection anesthesia experiments on himself. It was first marketed in 1949. ... Kumar M, Chawla R, Goyal M (2015). "Topical anesthesia". Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology. 31 (4): 450-6. doi: ... Most ADRs associated with lidocaine for anesthesia relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine

Aside from effects in the brain, the general physical risks of ECT are similar to those of brief general anesthesia. ... Limited evidence suggests stimulants, such as amphetamine and modafinil, may be effective in the short term, or as adjuvant ... ECT is administered under anesthesia with a muscle relaxant. Electroconvulsive therapy can differ in its application in three ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

A systematic review of Chinese herbal medicines found that Chinese herbal medicine, either as monotherapy or an adjuvant ... Other less invasive surgical approaches (requiring spinal anesthesia) include: Holmium Laser Ablation of the Prostate (HoLAP) ... These are performed as outpatient procedures with local anesthesia. Prostatic artery embolization: an endovascular procedure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia

Improvements in anesthesia and blood transfusions made it possible for surgeons to perform more extensive operations". Such was ... He was Chairman of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. His work ... "Pathobiology of small invasive breast cancers without metastases" (T1a/b, N0, M0): National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel ... "Postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer: results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Fisher_(scientist)

... is a medication primarily used for starting and maintaining anesthesia. It induces dissociative anesthesia, a trance- ... "Ketamine as an adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6: CD003351. doi: ... "dissociative anesthesia". Following FDA approval in 1970, ketamine anesthesia was first given to American soldiers during the ... Ketamine anesthesia commonly causes tonic-clonic movements (greater than 10% of people) and rarely hypertonia. Vomiting can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketamine

Anesthesia recovery in young animals is usually more rapid and there are fewer complications.[28][29] One study found that in ... with an adjuvant, latest US patent RE37,224 (as of 2006-06-06), CA patent 2137263 (issued 1999-06-15). Product commercially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_sterilization

Alternatively, non-chemotherapeutic adjuvants can be implemented to prevent super scarring by wound modulation, such as the ... A shield is applied to cover the eye until anesthesia has worn off (that also anesthetizes the optic nerve) and vision resumes ... Rarely general anesthesia will be used, in patients with an inability to cooperate during surgery. ... "Ologen implants as an adjuvant for revision surgery after failed trabeculectomy" (PDF). 2012 EGS Congress, Copenhagen. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabeculectomy

Depending on the kind of operation, anesthesia may be provided locally or as general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia may be used ... Postoperative therapy may include adjuvant treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or administration of medication ... Modern pain control through anesthesia was discovered in the mid-19th century. Before the advent of anesthesia, surgery was a ... if general anesthesia was administered). After completion of surgery, the person is transferred to the post anesthesia care ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery

The anesthesia will be given, which will result in the person going to sleep. The timing of the surgery all depends on the ... the availability of adjuvant radiation, and the willingness of the patient to accept higher rates of tumor recurrences after ... The person will also meet with the anesthesiologist or the health professional who is going to be giving the anesthesia the day ... an analysis of surgical techniques used in an international trial of adjuvant treatment among 4,700 females with early breast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastectomy

2011-08-10). Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009281. ... Anesthesia & Analgesia: 1. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e3181cf9281. ISSN 0003-2999. (Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-01-16). ...

https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazetamol

Deva S, Jameson M (15 August 2012). "Histamine type 2 receptor antagonists as adjuvant treatment for resected colorectal cancer ... 275-. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. Anita Gupta; Nina Singh-Radcliff (12 March 2013). Pharmacology in Anesthesia Practice. Oxford ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimetidine

"Anesthesia: Essays and Researches. 8 (3), s. 283-90. doi:10.4103/0259-1162.143110. PMC 4258981 $2. PMID 25886322.. ... "Ketamine as an adjuvant to opioids for cancer pain" (PDF). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Cilt 6, s. CD003351. doi ... 1 Anesthesia and Analgesia in Rodents, Washington College, 2012, ss. 1-2, 4 August 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, ... Stunkard, JA; Miller, JC (September 1974). "An outline guide to general anesthesia in exotic species". Veterinary Medicine, ...

https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketamin

Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 (3): 972-7, table of contents. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e318163f602. PMID 18292448. S2CID 5894373.. ... Ketorolac is also an adjuvant to opioid medications and improves pain relief. It is also used to treat dysmenorrhea.[11] ... "A review of perioperative anesthesia and analgesia for infants: updates and trends to watch". F1000Research. 6: 120. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketorolac

Adjuvant analgesics, also called atypical analgesics, include nefopam, orphenadrine, pregabalin, gabapentin, cyclobenzaprine, ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 114 (2): 424-33. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182334d68. PMID 21965355.. ... The use of adjuvant analgesics is an important and growing part of the pain-control field and new discoveries are made ... Main article: analgesic adjuvant. Drugs that have been introduced for uses other than analgesics are also used in pain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algesic

AdjuvantsEdit. Main article: analgesic adjuvant. Certain drugs that have been introduced for uses other than analgesics are ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 114 (2): 424-33. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182334d68. PMID 21965355. S2CID 21022357.. ... Adjuvant analgesics, also called atypical analgesics, include orphenadrine, mexiletine, pregabalin, gabapentin, cyclobenzaprine ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painkiller

"Adjuvant breast disease: an evaluation of 100 symptomatic women with breast implants or silicone fluid injections." The Keio ... such as adverse reaction to anesthesia, hematoma (post-operative bleeding), late hematoma (post-operative bleeding after 6 ... especially in women who received adjuvant external radiation therapy.[55] Moreover, besides breast reconstruction, breast ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_implants

... as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy, appears to have the potential for toxicity.[190] A 2013 review suggested that although ... Anesthesia & Analgesia. 116 (6): 1360-1363. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e. PMID 23709076.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Medicine

Based on the procedure, anesthesia may be provided locally or as general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia may be used when the ... Postoperative therapy may include adjuvant treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or administration of medication ... Modern pain control through anesthesia was discovered in the mid-19th century. Before the advent of anesthesia, surgery was a ... 2008). Handbook of ambulatory anesthesia (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-387-73328-9. .. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resection_

"Anesthesia Progress. 58 (1): 31-41. doi:10.2344/0003-3006-58.1.31. ISSN 0003-3006. PMC 3265267. PMID 21410363.. ... Kaye, Alan David (2015). Essentials of Pharmacology for Anesthesia, Pain Medicine, and Critical Care. Springer. pp. 134-13. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicodin

2009). Clinical anesthesia (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-8763-5. .. ... Mazze RI, Shue GL, Jackson SH (1971). "Renal Dysfunction Associated With Methoxyflurane Anesthesia". Journal of the American ... The effects of methoxyflurane on the circulatory system resemble those of diethyl ether.[27] In dogs, methoxyflurane anesthesia ... Initial studies performed in 1961 revealed that in unpremedicated healthy individuals, induction of general anesthesia with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxyflurane

"Herceptin (trastuzumab) Adjuvant HER2+ Breast Cancer Therapy Pivotal Studies and Efficacy Data". Herceptin.com. Archived from ... such as aseptic technique and anesthesia. The Halsted radical mastectomy often involved removing both breasts, associated lymph ... Jahanzeb M (August 2008). "Adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer". Clin. Breast Cancer. 8 (4): 324-33. ... Drugs used after and in addition to surgery are called adjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy or other types of therapy prior to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_Cancer

A skin biopsy performed under local anesthesia is often required to assist in making or confirming the diagnosis and in ... If the disease is completely resected, the patient will be considered for adjuvant therapy. Excisional skin biopsy is the ... Kirkwood JM, Strawderman MH, Ernstoff MS, Smith TJ, Borden EC, Blum RH (January 1996). "Interferon alfa-2b adjuvant therapy of ... High-risk melanomas may require adjuvant treatment, although attitudes to this vary in different countries. In the United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_melanoma

Aside from effects in the brain, the general physical risks of ECT are similar to those of brief general anesthesia.[223]:259 ... or as adjuvant therapy.[214][215] Also, it is suggested that folate supplements may have a role in depression management.[216] ... ECT is administered under anesthesia with a muscle relaxant.[226] Electroconvulsive therapy can differ in its application in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_depression

Aside from effects in the brain, the general physical risks of ECT are similar to those of brief general anesthesia.[219]:259 ... or as adjuvant therapy.[211][212] Also, it is suggested that folate supplements may have a role in depression management.[213] ... ECT is administered under anesthesia with a muscle relaxant.[222] Electroconvulsive therapy can differ in its application in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

... is not currently[when?] listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency as an illegal substance.[48] It is used as an adjuvant ... Most ADRs associated with lidocaine for anesthesia relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or ... His colleague Bengt Lundqvist performed the first injection anesthesia experiments on himself.[41] It was first marketed in ... or from prolonged use of subcutaneous infiltration anesthesia during cosmetic surgery. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lidocaine

"Anesthesia and Analgesia. 100 (1): 169-74. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000138037.19757.ED. PMC 1283103. PMID 15616073.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefopam

Falcetta FS, Medeiros LR, Edelweiss MI, Pohlmann PR, Stein AT, Rosa DD (November 2016). "Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy ... the surgeon is not able to microscopically confirm clear margins of cervical tissue once the woman is under general anesthesia ... Tangjitgamol S, Katanyoo K, Laopaiboon M, Lumbiganon P, Manusirivithaya S, Supawattanabodee B (December 2014). "Adjuvant ... which then usually requires adjuvant radiation therapy), or cisplatin chemotherapy followed by hysterectomy. When cisplatin is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

The procedure is done under spinal anesthesia, a resectoscope is inserted inside the penis and the extra prostatic tissue is ... Rane JK, Pellacani D, Maitland NJ (October 2012). "Advanced prostate cancer--a case for adjuvant differentiation therapy". ... "Expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in human prostate cancer specimens with and without neo-adjuvant hormonal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

This can make it a useful adjuvant treatment to use alongside opioid drugs in the treatment of chronic pain conditions such as ... Anesthesia and Analgesia. 87 (5): 1117-20. doi:10.1213/00000539-199811000-00025. PMID 9806692. Rezvani A, Stokes KB, Rhoads DL ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglumide

The advantages of nerve blocks over general anesthesia include faster recovery, monitored anesthesia care vs. intubation with ... These drugs are often combined with adjuvants (additives) with the end goal of increasing the duration of the analgesia or ... "Regional anesthesia for surgery". ASRA. Retrieved 4 August 2017. Sabanathan, S.; Mearns, A. J.; Smith, P. J. Bickford; Eng, J ... "About Regional Anesthesia / Nerve Blocks". UC San Diego Health. Retrieved July 30, 2017. Marban E, Yamagishi T, Tomaselli GF ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_anesthetic_nerve_block

What is Adjuvants, anesthesia? Meaning of Adjuvants, anesthesia medical term. What does Adjuvants, anesthesia mean? ... anesthesia in the Medical Dictionary? Adjuvants, anesthesia explanation free. ... adjuvant. (redirected from Adjuvants, anesthesia). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Legal, Encyclopedia. adjuvant. [aj´ah- ... Adjuvants, anesthesia , definition of Adjuvants, anesthesia by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary. ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Adjuvants%2C+anesthesia

As the use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for general anesthesia is off-label, approval by the institutional review board ... the usefulness of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to conventional general anesthesia using propofol or inhaled anesthetics and ... In the recent issues of the Journal of Anesthesia, a variety of applications of dexmedetomidine that may possibly be clinical ... Those models were externally evaluated in patients under spinal anesthesia, and the model developed by Hannivoort model [17] ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00540-018-2509-5

Lidocaine as an Adjuvant for Ketamine in Induction of Anesthesia in Septic Shock Patients. The safety and scientific validity ... Lidocaine as an Adjuvant for Ketamine in Induction of Anesthesia in Septic Shock Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial ... Lidocaine as an Adjuvant for Ketamine in Induction of Anesthesia in Septic Shock Patients ... Most of the drugs used for induction of anesthesia negatively impact patient hemodynamics. Thus, induction of anesthesia in ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03640468

Magnesium sulphate can be used safely as an adjuvant to total intravenous anesthesia for day case surgeries, with the effect ... Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant to Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Septorhinoplasty: A Randomized Controlled Study. ... Aldrete JA, Barnes DR, Aikawa JK: Does magnesium produce anesthesia? Anesth Analg 47:428-433, 1968PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... General anesthesia Magnesium sulphate Propofol Remifentanil Septorhinoplasty Presented in part as an abstract at the Annual ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00266-006-0194-5

Local Anesthesia. By Caio Lamunier de Abreu Camargo. Related Book. IntechOpen. Highlights in Skin Cancer. Edited by Pierre ... Oral Naturally Derived Agents as an Adjuvant Photoprotection after Dermatologic Surgery. By Premjit Juntongjin and Chavanatda ... Premjit Juntongjin and Chavanatda Chanyasak (December 20th 2017). Oral Naturally Derived Agents as an Adjuvant Photoprotection ... Premjit Juntongjin and Chavanatda Chanyasak (December 20th 2017). Oral Naturally Derived Agents as an Adjuvant Photoprotection ...

https://www.intechopen.com/books/dermatologic-surgery-and-procedures/oral-naturally-derived-agents-as-an-adjuvant-photoprotection-after-dermatologic-surgery

In anesthesia, glycopyrrolate injection serves as a preoperative antimuscarinic operation that reduces salivary, ... the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia ...

http://pharmacycode.com/Glycopyrrolate.html

Pentazocine is an opiate antagonist and prevents or reverses the effects of opioids including respiratory depression, sedation and hypotension. Also, it can reverse the psychotomimetic and dysphoric effects of agonist-antagonists such as pentazocine. Pentazocine is an essentially pure narcotic antagonist, i.e., it does not possess the "agonistic" or morphine-like properties characteristic of other narcotic antagonists; Pentazocine does not produce respiratory depression, psychotomimetic effects or pupillary constriction. In the absence of narcotics or agonistic effects of other narcotic antagonists, it exhibits essentially no pharmacologic activity ...

http://pharmacycode.com/Fortral.html

Local Anesthetics and Adjuvants." The Anesthesia Guide Atchabahian A, Gupta R. Atchabahian A, Gupta R Eds. Arthur Atchabahian, ... Local Anesthetics and Adjuvants. In: Atchabahian A, Gupta R. Atchabahian A, Gupta R Eds. Arthur Atchabahian, and Ruchir Gupta. ... eds. The Anesthesia Guide New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013. http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=572& ...

http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=572§ionid=42543709

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nalbuphine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial ... Nalbuphine was studied several times as adjuvant to local anesthetics in spinal, epidural and local intravenous block. ... Nalbuphine was studied as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in epidural, caudal, and intrathecal anesthesia [7] [8] . But after ... who studied the effect of nalbuphine when used as an adjuvant to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia, and ...

https://www.scirp.org/html/2-1920389_64636.htm

Xenon as an adjuvant to sevoflurane anesthesia in children younger than 4 years of age, undergoing interventional or diagnostic ... Xenon anesthesia was feasible (with no differences in the need for rescue anesthetics in both groups). ... Association Between Anesthesia Exposure and Neurocognitive and Neuroimaging Outcomes in Long-term Survivors of Childhood Acute ... However, experience with xenon anesthesia in children is scarce.. AIMS:. We hypothesized that in children undergoing cardiac ...

https://smarttots.org/xenon-as-an-adjuvant-to-sevoflurane-anesthesia-in-childr-younger-en-than-4-years-of-age-undergoing-interventional-or-diagnostic-cardiac-catheterization-a-randomized-controlled-clinical-trial/

Adjuvant Drug Therapy for Relapse Prevention. Several medications are presently used in sobriety maintenance therapy that may ... Whether regional anesthesia actually reduces the incidence of drug ideation or relapse compared with general anesthesia has yet ... Anesthesia and surgery may expose the recovering patient to several potential obstacles that increase the possibility of ... Regional anesthesia using local anesthetics provides a theoretical advantage for the recovering patient by reducing or ...

https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/2001/06000/The_Patient_Recovering_from_Alcohol_or_Drug.50.aspx

... general Anesthesia Comparative analysis Usage Dexmedetomidine Dosage and administration Fentanyl Medical societies Surgery ... A comparative study of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries.(Original ... Epidural anesthesia is the most commonly used technique for inducing surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in lower ... Background: Epidural anesthesia is the most commonly used technique for inducing surgical anesthesia and postoperative ...

https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+comparative+study+of+dexmedetomidine+and+fentanyl+as+an+adjuvant+to+...-a0518394386

Evaluation of intravenous prophylaxis antibiotics for third molar extraction under general anesthesia.. February 10, 2020 ... Adjuvant systemic therapy with interferon could be offered but many eligible patients did not receive this agent in the context ... Adjuvant nodal radiation therapy for melanoma in the era of immunotherapy.. Jun 18, 2020 ... Prospective studies investigating the role of adjuvant nodal radiation therapy for melanoma patients in the modern ...

https://www.physiciansweekly.com/adjuvant-nodal-radiation-therapy-for-melanoma-in-the-era-of-immunotherapy/

Purchase Alternatives to Opioid Analgesia in Small Animal Anesthesia, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small ... Loco-Regional Anesthesia of the Hind Limbs; Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia; Local Anesthesics (Nocita); Adjuvants to Analgesia ... Loco-regional Anesthesia of the Head; Loco-regional Anesthesia of the Front Limbs and Thorax; ... Alternatives to Opioid Analgesia in Small Animal Anesthesia, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/alternatives-to-opioid-analgesia-in-small-animal-anesthesia-an-issue-of-veterinary-clinics-of-north-america-small-animal-practice/barr/978-0-323-64141-8

... Gunjan Jain, ... Comparison between Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Spinal Anesthesia in Abdominal Hysterectomy. Gunjan Jain, ... Comparison between Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Spinal Anesthesia in Abdominal Hysterectomy. Gunjan Jain, ... Comparison between Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Spinal Anesthesia in Abdominal Hysterectomy. Gunjan Jain, ...

https://www.ijsr.net/get_abstract.php?paper_id=SUB15889

Adjuvants, Anesthesia. Anesthetics, Intravenous. Anesthetics, General. Anesthetics. To Top. *For Patients and Families ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00383643?term=ZOLPIDEM+AND+AIDS&rank=47

Adjuvants, Anesthesia. Anesthetics, Intravenous. Anesthetics, General. Anesthetics. Anticoagulants. Calcium Chelating Agents. ... Patients with contraindications to spinal anesthesia or intrathecal morphine, difficulty understanding passive cutaneous ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02408146?term=drip+infusion&

Adjuvants, Anesthesia. Anesthetics, Intravenous. Anesthetics, General. Anesthetics. To Top. *For Patients and Families ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01429051?term=FT-1301-032-SP&rank=1

Adjuvant Analgesics. David Lussier and Pierre Beaulieu * Neurologic Outcomes of Surgery and Anesthesia. George A. Mashour and ... Pediatric Anesthesia: A Problem-Based Learning Approach. Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi... ...

https://global.oup.com/academic/product/advanced-respiratory-critical-care-9780199569281?facet_narrowbybinding_facet=Ebook&lang=en&cc=us

Pediatric Anesthesia Procedures. Anna Clebone, Barbara Burian, Keith J. Ruskin, Barbara Burian ...

https://global.oup.com/academic/product/emergency-department-critical-care-9780199779123?lang=en&cc=es

Neurosurgical Anesthesia; Obstetric Anesthesia; Pain Mechanisms; Pain Medicine; Pediatric Anesthesia; Regional Anesthesia; ... Ambulatory Anesthesia; Anesthetic Pharmacology; Cardiovascular Anesthesia; Critical Care and Trauma; Economics, Education, and ... Backed by internationally-known authorities who serve on the Editorial Board and as Section Editors, Anesthesia &Analgesia is ... No other journal can match Anesthesia & Analgesia for its original and significant contributions to the anesthesiology field. ...

https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/toc/2018/02000

... spinal anesthesia without adjuvant sedation may be performed. However, a short period of inhalational general anesthesia or ... ADJUVANTS FOR EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN. A single-injection caudal block with local anesthetic is used primarily for ... Adjuvants may be used to prolong the duration of blockade, and several drugs have been trialed. The most commonly used adjuvant ... SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN. INTRODUCTION. Spinal anesthesia is perhaps one of the oldest and most studied modalities for ...

https://www.nysora.com/foundations-of-regional-anesthesia/sub-specialties/pediatric-anesthesia/pediatric-epidural-spinal-anesthesia-analgesia/

"Chapter 9. Analgesic Adjuvants in the Peripheral Nervous System." NYSORA Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain ... McCartney C.L. McCartney, Colin J. L.Chapter 9. Analgesic Adjuvants in the Peripheral Nervous System. In: Hadzic A. Hadzic A Ed ... This chapter examines the rationale and current evidence base for use of analgesic adjuvants and summarizes the best strategies ... Peripheral nerve blocks provide many benefits for patients, including superior pain control and reduction in general anesthesia ...

http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=413§ionid=39828153

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthesia

"Adjuvant composition and delivery route shape immune response quality and protective efficacy of a recombinant vaccine for ... were carried out under anesthesia and 10 μl of antigen-adjuvant mix was terol, 0.1 mg/ml GLA, and 0.04 mg/ml 3M-052; liposomes ... were carried out under anesthesia and 10 μl of antigen-adjuvant mix was terol, 0.1 mg/ml GLA, and 0.04 mg/ml 3M-052; liposomes ... from the adjuvant alone groups for IFN-γ production, and the adjuvant alone IN + IN + IN was statistically different from the ...

https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/adjuvant-composition-and-delivery-route-shape-immune-response-quality-040sEN33co

Anesthesia: The process where a drug is administered for medical or surgical purposes that will induce partial or total loss of ... Adjuvant therapy: A treatment used in addition to the main course of therapy. ... At the MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center, many of the children we treat require anesthesia to help them remain still during ... At the MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center, anesthesia is administered intravenously (by IV through the vein) and patients do not ...

https://www.mdanderson.org/patients-family/diagnosis-treatment/care-centers-clinics/proton-therapy-center/for-patients/glossary-of-proton-therapy-terms.html

From physico-chemical characterization to in vivo adjuvant effect in local anesthesia; Elsevier Science; Journal of ... From physico-chemical characterization to in vivo adjuvant effect in local anesthesia ... Clonidine (CND), an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, is used as an adjuvant with local anesthetics. In this work, we describe the ...

https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/39076?show=full

The post-anesthesia recovery score revisited. J Clin Anesth. 1995;7:89-91.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar ... In group A, general anaesthesia will be maintained with xenon 50% in oxygen (FiO2 = 0.25 to 0.4) as an adjuvant to sevoflurane ... This trial is planned as a pilot study to assess the safety and feasibility of xenon as an adjuvant to sevoflurane anaesthesia ... Anesthesia for the young child undergoing ambulatory procedures: current concerns regarding harm to the developing brain. Curr ...

https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-015-0587-3

Anesthesia / Anesthesia, Spinal Language: English Journal: Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Year: 2018 Type: Article ... The effects of adjuvant intrathecal fentanyl on postoperative pain and rebound pain for anorectal surgery under saddle ... Intrathecal opioid has been known to enhance the quality and prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia, as well as to reduce ... Intrathecal fentanyl 15 μg for anorectal surgery under saddle anesthesia led to an improved pain score for the first six hours ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/wprim-715214

Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Anesthesia & Analgesia. (lww.com)
This issue of Veterinary Clinics: Small Animal Practice, edited by Dr. Ciara Barr and Dr. Giacomo Gianotti, focuses on Alternatives to Opioid Analgesia in Small Animal Anesthesia. (elsevier.com)
Background: Epidural anesthesia is the most commonly used technique for inducing surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower limb surgeries. (thefreelibrary.com)
6] It improves the quality of perioperative anesthesia and analgesia. (thefreelibrary.com)
Epidural analgesia is commonly used in addition to general anesthesia and to manage postoperative pain. (nysora.com)
All the patients were monitored for onset of effect, quality of anesthesia, post op analgesia after deflation of tourniquet, time of first analgesic drug and number of analgesic drug required in first 24 hrs. (iabcr.org)
The use of multimodal anesthesia reduces both intraoperative and postoperative opioid use and improves analgesia. (biomedcentral.com)
To compare and evaluate the effect of adding ketamine or nitroglycerin (NTG) as adjuncts to lidocaine for intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) on intraoperative and postoperative analgesia, sensorial and motor block onset times, and tourniquet pain. (saudija.org)
The adjuvant drugs (ketamine or NTG) when added to lidocaine in IVRA were effective in improving the overall quality of anesthesia, reducing tourniquet pain, increasing tourniquet tolerance and improving the postoperative analgesia in comparison to the control group. (saudija.org)
analgesia (lack of sensation which also blunts autonomic reflexes) muscle relaxation Different types of anesthesia affect the endpoints differently. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Lin, alongside residents Dr. Chong and Szoke, conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials recruiting pediatric surgical patients receiving a caudal block for surgical anesthesia or postoperative analgesia.Included studies compared dexamethasone (caudal, intravenous, or both) to control. (uwo.ca)
Eligibility criteria We retrieved full reports and abstracts of RCTs that examined the effects of single-shot or catheter-based infusion proximal SNB (SNB group) compared to placebo, systemic analgesia, or general anesthesia (Control group) on analgesic outcomes in patients undergoing unilateral TKA. (bartleby.com)
and RCTs examining surgical anesthesia and/or postoperative analgesia were considered. (bartleby.com)
The use of perioperative epidural anesthesia-analgesia may confer many benefits including superior postoperative analgesia, decreased morbidity, and improvement in patient-centered outcomes. (hindawi.com)
However, the benefits of perioperative epidural anesthesia-analgesia are not definitive in part due to some of the methodological issues present in available studies. (hindawi.com)
We will review our group's work on perioperative epidural anesthesia-analgesia on patient outcomes which includes mortality, major morbidity, and patient centered outcomes but not technical failures or complications. (hindawi.com)
The overall effect of epidural anesthesia-analgesia on perioperative mortality is controversial. (hindawi.com)
Local Anesthetic Adjuvants Providing the Longest Duration of Analgesia for Single-Injection Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Orthopedic Surgery: A Literature Review Inadequate pain relief after surgery may delay surgical recovery, decrease patient satisfaction, increase length of stay, raise the risk of hospital readmissions, and increase overall healthcare costs. (aana.com)
Regional anesthesia / analgesia in obstetrics and gynecology. (mediexpo.ru)
Adjuvant analgesia in either operating room or work room. (airproducts.com)
The magnitude of the response depends on a large number of factors, including the extent of tissue injury, technique of anesthesia and type of analgesia, blood transfusions, temperature changes, psychological stress and genetic factors (1-3). (knowcancer.com)

The SmartTots program is a multi-year collaborative effort designed to increase the safety of anesthetic and sedative drugs for the millions of children who undergo anesthesia and sedation each year. (smarttots.org)
Brachial plexus block is most commonly used regional nerve block of the upper extremity, which avoids the undesired effect of anesthetic drugs used during general anesthesia and the stress of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. (scirp.org)
Fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural local anesthetic has been used for a long time. (thefreelibrary.com)
As with epidural anesthesia in adults, local anesthetic concentration and volume are important factors in determining the density and level of blockade. (nysora.com)
Remifentanil is a new member of fentanyl family and a short-acting, esterase-metabolized opioid.This study compared the perioperative characteristics of a remifentanil infusion with those of fentanyl bolus administration as an adjuvant to propofol infusion for the anesthetic management of patients undergoing ureteroscopic lithotripsy . (bvsalud.org)
Further investigation is recommended to establish the potential for ESPB with dexmedetomidine as adjuvant as an opioid-free anesthetic modality in laparoscopic gynecological surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
Ophthalmic anesthesia offers insights into some fundamental principles of good anesthetic practice, especially in the conduct of local and regional nerve blocks. (nysora.com)
Local and regional anesthetic techniques has largely replaced general anesthesia. (nysora.com)
Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) or Bier's block anesthesia is an anesthetic technique on the body's extremities where a local anesthetic is injected intravenously and isolated from circulation in a target area. (wikipedia.org)
Adjuvants improve the safety of IVRA by promoting anesthetic action and minimizing side effects. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate local anesthetic adjuvants to peripheral nerve blocks. (aana.com)
Ketamine is indicated for the induction of anesthesia prior to the administration of other general anesthetic agents. (rxlist.com)
Local anesthetics were commonly used as spinal anesthetic agent but since a decade various studies found that spinal anesthesia with intrathecal 5% heavy lignocaine showed transient irritation, neurological symptoms, and severe leg pain. (thefreedictionary.com)
Adjunct to general anesthesia in combination with all the anesthetic agents, administered intravenously or by inhalation. (airproducts.com)
Our medical gases are used within operating theatre as anesthetic adjuvant. (airliquide.com)

1] Postoperative pain management is one of the most important areas of anesthesia. (thefreelibrary.com)
Intrathecal opioid has been known to enhance the quality and prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia, as well as to reduce postoperative pain. (bvsalud.org)
Working with members of the innovative, nationally recognized acute pain and regional anesthesia service, teams the fellow will learn techniques and theories of treating, preventing and managing postoperative pain for orthopedic, urologic, gynecologic, general and thoracic surgical procedures. (jefferson.edu)

A comparative study of general anesthesia, intravenous regional anesthesia, and cost analysis. (iabcr.org)
3. Choyce A, Peng P. A systemic review of adjuncts for intravenous regional anesthesia for surgical procedures. (iabcr.org)
Does the use of ketamine or nitroglycerin as an adjuvant to lidocaine improve the quality of intravenous regional anesthesia? (saudija.org)
Intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) using older tourniquet equipment. (wikipedia.org)

Comparison of adenosine and remifentanil infusions as adjuvants to desflurane anesthesia // Anesthesiology. (medline.ru)

They found that 1 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine administration 10 min before anesthesia induction could reduce the propofol requirement by 38% without prolonged respiratory depression or hemodynamic instability. (springer.com)
Lidocaine was previously reported to enhance the hypnotic effect of thiopentone, propofol, and midazolam during induction of anesthesia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The current study was designed to assess the effect of magnesium sulphate infusion on hemodynamic parameters, neuromuscular blocking, propofol consumption, serum concentration of magnesium ions, and recovery from anesthesia during total intravenous anesthesia. (springer.com)
Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol, remifentanil infusions, and vecuronium in both groups. (springer.com)
Choi JC, Yoon KB, Um DJ, Kim C, Kim JSK, Lee SG: Intravenous magnesium sulphate administration reduces propofol infusion requirements during maintenance of propofol-N 2 O anesthesia. (springer.com)
The predictive performance of a 'Diprifusor' TCI system was investigated in 27 Chinese patients (16 males and 11 females) during upper abdominal surgery under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol/fentanyl. (nih.gov)
Anesthesia was induced with propofol 70 mg, fentanyl 200 mg, and rocuronium 45 mg. (scielo.br)
An 18G cannula was inserted into a peripheral vein and the anesthesia induced with propofol 70 mg, fentanyl 200 µg, and rocuronium 45 mg. (scielo.br)
Thionembutal.2 In the United States the U. the pre-operative epidural administration of tramadol was evaluated as an analgesic technique in dogs submitted to stifle surgery.8.S. with the induction of anesthesia performed 15 minutes later with thiopental (10 mg/kg.05 mg/kg).9 or by reducing pain associated with propofol administration. (scribd.com)

Welcome to the UCSF Pain Medicine Website hosted by the Division of Pain Medicine in the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care . (ucsf.edu)

We hypothesized that in children undergoing cardiac catheterization, general anesthesia with a combination of sevoflurane with xenon results in superior hemodynamic stability, compared to sevoflurane alone. (smarttots.org)
In this prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, children with a median age of 12 [IQR 3-36] months undergoing diagnostic/interventional cardiac catheterization were randomized to either general anesthesia with 50-65vol% xenon plus sevoflurane or sevoflurane alone. (smarttots.org)
Nowadays, it is a suitable alternative to general anesthesia for certain patients. (scirp.org)
Evaluation of intravenous prophylaxis antibiotics for third molar extraction under general anesthesia. (physiciansweekly.com)
Peripheral nerve blocks provide many benefits for patients, including superior pain control and reduction in general anesthesia-related side effects. (mhmedical.com)
General anesthesia suppresses central nervous system activity and results in unconsciousness and total lack of sensation , using either injected or inhaled drugs. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the situation, this may be used either on its own (in which case the patient remains fully conscious), or in combination with general anesthesia or sedation. (wikipedia.org)
Surgery was performed under opioid-free general anesthesia. (biomedcentral.com)
Historically, eye surgeons favored general anesthesia (GA), which usually provided akinesia (through neuromuscular blockade) and low intraocular pressure. (nysora.com)
In a phase-II, mono-centre, prospective, single-blind, randomised, controlled study, we will test the hypothesis that the administration of 50% xenon as an adjuvant to general anaesthesia with sevoflurane in children undergoing elective cardiac catheterization is safe and feasible. (springer.com)
Three broad categories of anesthesia exist: General anesthesia suppresses central nervous system activity and results in unconsciousness and total lack of sensation, using either injected or inhaled drugs. (wikipedia.org)
An opportunity for general operating room anesthesia cares is also available. (jefferson.edu)
There are many types of medicines and several methods used in giving them, from very temporary (10 minute) mild sedation, to full general anesthesia in the operating room. (uhhospitals.org)
The procedure was performed under general anesthesia through 5 trocars, including 3 ports for the robot and 2 ports for the first assistant. (sages.org)
Our work is to access if general anesthesia with ketamine can disrupt the motivational behavior trait, more specifically measuring impulsive behavior. (frontiersin.org)
Here we propose a technique to execute breast surgery without general anesthesia using erector spinae plane (ESP) block and selec. (bioportfolio.com)
Gurnaney H, Muhly WT, Kraemer FW, Cucchiaro G, Ganesh A. Safety of pediatric continuous interscalene block catheters placed under general anesthesia: a single center's experience. (chop.edu)
Why to combine regional and general anesthesia in pediatric patients? (sgar-ssar.ch)
Surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia . (healthcommunities.com)
She denied allergies, systemic diseases, use of home medications, and complications in previous surgeries in which she received both neuraxial and general anesthesia in different procedures. (scielo.br)
Patients underwent a bilateral staging pelvic lymphadenectomy without frozen section, followed by a radical retropubic prostatectomy under general anesthesia. (nature.com)
10. Segerdahl M., Persson E., Ekblom A., Sollevi A. Perioperative adenosine infusion reduces the requirements for isoflurane during general anesthesia for shoulder surgery // Acta Anaesth. (medline.ru)

Precise placement of epidural needles for single-injection techniques and catheters for continuous epidural anesthesia ensures that the dermatomes involved in the surgical procedure are selectively blocked, allowing for lower doses of local anesthetics to be used and sparing unnecessary blockade in nondesired regions. (nysora.com)
We describe the case of a 40-year-old woman (gravida 0, para 0) with placenta previa totalis and uterine myomas who underwent intraoperative UAE, which was preoperatively planned at the strong recommendation of the anesthesiologist, immediately after delivery of a fetus and before removal of the placenta during cesarean delivery under spinal-epidural anesthesia. (jove.com)

There are significant anatomical differences in children com-pared with adults that should be considered when using neuraxial anesthesia. (nysora.com)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nalbuphine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve block, so we compare the effect of a combination of nalbuphine and bupivacaine versus bupivacaine alone in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for the patients undergoing elective upper limb surgeries. (scirp.org)
A comparative study of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries. (thefreelibrary.com)
Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries. (thefreelibrary.com)
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine is a better alternative to fentanyl with higher analgesic property. (thefreelibrary.com)

Then, in 2013, a new indication was approved for the sedation of non-intubated patients undergoing surgery or other procedures under local anesthesia. (springer.com)
The patients in group M received 15% magnesium sulphate 50 mg/kg in 100 ml of saline, and those in group C received an equal volume of saline before induction of anesthesia followed by 8 mg/kg/h infusion of either magnesium sulphate (group M) or an equal volume of saline (group C) until the end of surgery. (springer.com)
It provides complete and reliable anesthesia for upper limb surgery. (scirp.org)
This chapter examines the rationale and current evidence base for use of analgesic adjuvants and summarizes the best strategies for optimizing pain control and reducing adverse effects after surgery under peripheral nerve block, local infiltration, or injection of drugs in the intraarticular space. (mhmedical.com)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate postoperative analgesic characteristics of intrathecal fentanyl for the first 48 hours after anorectal surgery under saddle anesthesia. (bvsalud.org)
Intrathecal fentanyl 15 μg for anorectal surgery under saddle anesthesia led to an improved pain score for the first six hours after surgery and decreased postoperative analgesic use. (bvsalud.org)
Ophthalmic surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures requiring anesthesia in developed countries. (nysora.com)
However, these conditions are not always achieved under GA. A closed claim analysis by Gild and coworkers found that 30% of eye injury claims associated with anesthesia involved the patient moving during ophthalmic surgery, with most incidents occurring under GA. While perioperative morbidity and mortality rates associated with eye surgery (eg, cataract extraction) are low, patients having cataract surgery tend to be older and to have significant comorbidities. (nysora.com)
Topical anesthesia, is increasingly becoming most prevalent for cataract surgery. (nysora.com)
On the other hand, an annual survey of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery reported that its members' preference for using topical anesthesia had risen steadily from 11% in 1995 to 76% in 2012. (nysora.com)
Radiation therapy often is used as an adjuvant to surgery. (sjo.org)
Does Regional Anesthesia Affect Outcomes After Joint Surgery? (asra.com)
Ambulatory surgery anesthesia: cost saving or cost transfer? (sgar-ssar.ch)
The majority of cases of female urinary incontinence surgery are elective, and thus patients should be fully evaluated and counselled for risks related to either surgery or anesthesia. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Scientific Background Anesthesia and surgery are stressful situations which cause neuro-endocrine, metabolic and neurological responses. (knowcancer.com)

The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of using lidocaine in combination with low dose ketamine in induction of anesthesia for septic shock patients compared to normal dose of ketamine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Most of the drugs used for induction of anesthesia negatively impact patient hemodynamics. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Thus, induction of anesthesia in shocked patients might result in deleterious hypotension. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The best protocol for induction of anesthesia in septic shock patients is lacking. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Ketamine is an agent used for induction of anesthesia with known positive cardiovascular effects. (clinicaltrials.gov)
thus, we hypothesize that its use as an adjuvant during induction of anesthesia in septic shock patient could provide a sparing effect for ketamine and minimize its negative circulatory sequelae. (clinicaltrials.gov)
For use as a preoperative antimuscarinic to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, to reduce the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia and intubation. (pharmacycode.com)
No antibiotics were administered before or during anesthesia induction. (scielo.br)
respiratory rates, systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressure, and pulse oximetry were measured before premedication (baseline), and at fixed intervals after anesthesia induction. (scribd.com)

adjuvant mixed with an antigen acts as a tissue depot, slowly releasing antigen and activating the immune system Oncology The addition of chemotherapy to a traditional therapeutic modality to ↓ M&M Pharmacology A substance which, when added to a medication, enhances its pharmacologic effect. (thefreedictionary.com)
Chemotherapy and radiation are often used as adjuvant therapies. (healthcommunities.com)

These molecular pathological advances suggest that despite adjuvant radiotherapy, residual disease (microscopic as well as histologically normal but genotypically abnormal) is a major problem in the treatment of patients with SCCHN. (aacrjournals.org)
Eleven patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. (nature.com)

Previously, standard therapy for melanoma patients with nodal disease involved completion lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy for high risk features, as defined by TROG 02.01. (physiciansweekly.com)
Adjuvant systemic therapy with interferon could be offered but many eligible patients did not receive this agent in the context of significant toxicity. (physiciansweekly.com)
Currently, for patients with occult nodal disease found at sentinel lymph node biopsy, completion lymph node dissection is uncommon with adjuvant anti-PD1 therapy often recommended. (physiciansweekly.com)
Prospective studies investigating the role of adjuvant nodal radiation therapy for melanoma patients in the modern immunotherapy era are much needed. (physiciansweekly.com)
At the MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center, anesthesia is administered intravenously (by IV through the vein) and patients do not require intubation which is common practice at other proton therapy centers. (mdanderson.org)
In this prospective cohort study, we recruited 100 patients who required spinal anesthesia for surgical procedures. (medscape.com)
This study aims to illustrate whether surgical resection and adjuvant therapy provide survival benefits for patients with histologically confirmed BSG. (frontiersin.org)
Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant for Caudal Blockade in Pediatric Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (uwo.ca)
These results provide preliminary support for the use of Ad- p53 gene transfer as a surgical adjuvant in patients with advanced SCCHN. (aacrjournals.org)
Select and prescribe post-anesthesia medications or treatments to patients. (onetonline.org)

The risks of complications during or after anesthesia are often difficult to separate from those of the procedure for which anesthesia is being given, but in the main they are related to three factors: the health of the patient, the complexity (and stress) of the procedure itself, and the anaesthetic technique. (wikipedia.org)
Quicker patient rehabilitation and fewer complications in this patient population are the main reasons why many ophthalmic surgeons are now choosing local anesthesia (LA) over GA. (nysora.com)
In this current focused analysis with longer patient follow-up (median follow-up, 18.25 months), we report the potential antitumor activity and complications of Ad- p53 in a surgical adjuvant setting (the surgical treatment arm), based on our Phase I experience. (aacrjournals.org)

Magnesium sulphate can be used safely as an adjuvant to total intravenous anesthesia for day case surgeries, with the effect from potentialization of neuromuscular blockade taken into consideration. (springer.com)

In the recent issues of the Journal of Anesthesia , a variety of applications of dexmedetomidine that may possibly be clinical workable alternatives have been reported. (springer.com)

Correlation of Symphysiofundal Height and Abdominal Girth with the Incidence of Hypotension in Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia using Bupiv. (nih.gov)
In term parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, the SFH has a significant positive correlation with the incidence of hypotension and ascent of spinal anesthesia. (nih.gov)

Xenon anesthesia was feasible (with no differences in the need for rescue anesthetics in both groups). (smarttots.org)
Nalbuphine was studied several times as adjuvant to local anesthetics in spinal, epidural and local intravenous block. (scirp.org)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nalbuphine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. (scirp.org)
Nalbuphine was studied several times as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in spinal, epidural and local, intravenous block, and the result of all studies concludes that nalbuphine is effective when used as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in spinal, epidural, and local intravenous block, as it significantly prolongs the block duration. (scirp.org)
Clonidine (CND), an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, is used as an adjuvant with local anesthetics. (conicet.gov.ar)
Certain drugs or gases called 'anesthetics' are used to achieve anesthesia so that medical procedures may be performed without pain. (sjo.org)
Local Anesthetics and Adjuvant Analgesics Basics of Pediatric Anesthesia, Tablet Edition. (chop.edu)

Freund's adjuvant a water-in-oil emulsion incorporating antigen, in the aqueous phase, into lightweight paraffin oil with the aid of an emulsifying agent. (thefreedictionary.com)
In the present study, we focused on the therapeutic effects and investigated the main function of TJ-20 on adjuvant arthritis (AA), an animal model of RA, which was induced with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). (hindawi.com)

These drugs are known as analgesic adjuvants. (mhmedical.com)

or water-in-oil emulsion in which antigen solution is emulsified in mineral oil (Freund incomplete adjuvant), sometimes with the inclusion of killed mycobacteria (Freund complete adjuvant) to enhance antigenicity further (inhibits degradation of antigen and/or causes influx of macrophages). (thefreedictionary.com)
Although there is currently no recombinant lectin subunits containing parts of cysteine-rich vaccine available or in clinical testing, it is known that human extracellular domain of the heavy chain combined with potent immunity is associated with fecal IgA directed against amebic water-in-oil emulsion or cholera toxin adjuvants provides protec- 10-14 surface lectin and IFN-γ production from peripheral blood tion against amebiasis. (deepdyve.com)

These properties could render xenon attractive for the anesthesia in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease. (smarttots.org)

Inhibition of interleukin-1 but not tumor necrosis factor suppresses neovascularization in rat models of corneal angiogenesis and adjuvant arthritis. (docme.ru)

However, at sites of infection or immunization, pathogen-derived substances or adjuvants activate DC, inducing expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokines, which together with MHC-Ag complexes induce cognate T cells to differentiate into Ag-specific CTL and Th cells ( 8 - 11 ). (jimmunol.org)

Comparison Between Epinephrine and Clonidine as Adjuvants to Lidocaine in Axillary Brachial Plexus Block. (bioportfolio.com)

Therefore, a prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine efficacy of Tramadol (100mg) as an intra-operative, post-operative and pre-emptive analgesic as an adjuvant to lignocaine in IVRA. (iabcr.org)
In the present study, we examined the efficacy of JTT as an oral adjuvant when given together with tumor vaccines. (spandidos-publications.com)
It is now also imperative to develop novel vaccine adjuvants with high safety and efficacy, while novel vaccines are increasingly undergoing advanced development and contributing to unmet clinical needs ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We have hypothesized that TM may be used for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and have examined the efficacy of TM on adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat, which is a model of acute inflammatory arthritis and inflammatory cachexia. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, it is necessary to develop a tumor vaccine adjuvant that is more potent and very safe. (spandidos-publications.com)
Therefore, we clinically first achieved the establishment of a new integrative vaccine therapy using Kampo as an immune adjuvant ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Given the success of JTT in influenza vaccination ( 13 ), we extended the use of JTT to other types of vaccine as immune adjuvant in the present study. (spandidos-publications.com)
Here, we report that JTT is an attractive immune adjuvant candidate for tumor vaccines because of its marked inhibitory effect on tumor growth in combination with a tumor vaccine in a mouse model experiment. (spandidos-publications.com)
The specific activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) has potential utility for a variety of therapeutic indications including antiviral immunotherapy and as vaccine adjuvants. (pnas.org)
Effective lipidoid-isRNA nanoparticles, when tested in mice, stimulated strong IFN-α responses following subcutaneous injection, had robust antiviral activity that suppressed influenza virus replication, and enhanced antiovalbumin humoral and cell-mediated responses when used as a vaccine adjuvant. (pnas.org)
The development of vaccine adjuvants has focused on innate immune activation, which is an important early aspect of the protective immune response ( 1 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ - 5 ). (pnas.org)
By increasing coupling of innate and adaptive responses ( 4 ), introducing TLR stimulation as a vaccine adjuvant may be useful for improving immune responses to vaccines. (pnas.org)
MALAGA, Spain, May 23, 2007 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Vical Incorporated today announced that in a recently completed animal study, a DNA vaccine formulated with the company's patented Vaxfectin(TM) adjuvant and delivered by needle-free injection yielded significantly higher antibody responses than an unformulated DNA vaccine delivered by needle and syringe. (drugs.com)
In a separate animal study, electroporation following injection of unformulated vaccine yielded comparable improvements in antibody responses, but electroporation required anesthesia of the animals while needle-free injection of Vaxfectin(TM)-formulated vaccine was administered safely and tolerably without anesthesia. (drugs.com)
The dose-sparing and immunogenicity-enhancing capabilities of the Vaxfectin(TM) adjuvant have been demonstrated in a range of vaccine applications in various animal models," said Alain P. Rolland, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Vical's Senior Vice President of Product Development, "but the potential safety and tolerability advantages of Vaxfectin(TM) compared with alternative DNA delivery enhancement options are making it our preferred choice for new development projects. (drugs.com)

Ketamine as an adjuvant produced better tolerance to tourniquet than the other groups. (saudija.org)
Our results demonstrated that previous exposure to ketamine deep-anesthesia affects inhibitory control (impulsive behavior). (frontiersin.org)
Animals exposed to multiple ketamine anesthesia also failed to show an increase in premature unrewarded actions between the initial and final periods of 3 s delays. (frontiersin.org)
This demonstrates that ketamine anesthesia acutely affects impulsive behavior. (frontiersin.org)

adjuvant mixed with an antigen acts as a tissue depot, slowly releasing antigen and activating the immune system. (thefreedictionary.com)
This work demonstrates the physicochemical and immunological characterization of an optimized mucosal adjuvant system containing a combination of TLR ligands with complementary activities and illustrates the importance of adjuvant composition and route of delivery to enhance a multifaceted and protective immune response to amebiasis. (deepdyve.com)
In conclusion, these findings suggest that JTT can be used with tumor vaccines as an immune adjuvant. (spandidos-publications.com)
Thus, we investigated whether the activity of Kampo was suitable as immune adjuvant for treatment with vaccines. (spandidos-publications.com)
The sublingual route is attractive for mucosal vaccination, but both a safe, potent adjuvant and a novel formulation are needed to achieve an adequate immune response. (cdc.gov)
These results provide the basis for the development of TLR3-specific adjuvants capable of inducing immune responses tailored for viral pathogens. (jimmunol.org)
DC recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and many adjuvants using receptors of the innate immune system including members of the TLR family ( 12 - 17 ). (jimmunol.org)

or, if adjuvants other than epinephrine were added to local anaesthetics. (bartleby.com)

Larger and adequately powered clinical trials are warranted to investigate the impact of xenon on short- and long-term outcomes in pediatric anesthesia. (smarttots.org)
The primary outcome of this study was postoperative infarction by providing favourable redistribution of coronary analgesic requirements and pain scores while the secondary blood flow, attenuating the stress response and outcomes were intraoperative analgesic consumption, hypercoagulability.2,3 Although adjuvants like fentanyl have a haemodynamic stability and adverse effects. (who.int)

Regional and local anesthesia , which blocks transmission of nerve impulses from a specific part of the body. (wikipedia.org)
Traditionally, the gold standard of eye nerve blocks was retrobulbar anesthesia (RBA), with the surgeon performing the nerve block. (nysora.com)
Sub-Tenon's nerve block is one of the most common choices for anesthesia as it can generally achieve akinesia with the favorable safety profile. (nysora.com)
In this section, we review the relevant anatomy of the eye, classical needle and non-needle nerve block techniques, and choice of LA and adjuvant agents. (nysora.com)
This study aims to detect differences in onset time of brachial plexus (i.e., arm) anesthesia using two different nerve block techniques. (bioportfolio.com)

We offer comprehensive training in a Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine (RAAPM) one-year fellowship with the goal of developing expert consultants in the subspecialty. (jefferson.edu)

Axillary brachial plexus block is an safe, effective and widely used technique for providing surgical anesthesia at and below the elbow. (bioportfolio.com)

Compared to subcutaneous administration, the optimized liposome adjuvant composition with LecA antigen administered intranasally resulted in signiﬁcantly enhanced fecal IgA, serum IgG2a, as well as systemic IFN-γ and IL-17A levels in mice. (deepdyve.com)

NYSORA Textbook of Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management Hadzic A. Hadzic A Ed. Admir Hadzic. (mhmedical.com)
Anesthesia enables the painless performance of medical procedures that would otherwise cause severe or intolerable pain to an unanesthetized patient, or would otherwise be technically unfeasible. (wikipedia.org)
The amount of fentanyl required for tourniquet pain was less in adjuvant groups when compared with control group. (saudija.org)
Develop the technical, interpersonal, communication, and systems-based practice skills necessary to become an expert consultant in regional anesthesia and acute pain. (jefferson.edu)
Join hosts Dr. Raj Gupta and Dr. Eric Schwenk as they address hot topics in regional anesthesia and pain medicine featuring guests from the ASRA community. (asra.com)
The Regional Anesthesia and Pain Podcast (RAPP) features authors of significant publications to help explain their work, debates on the merits and pitfalls of new technology and therapy, and information on important events where you can participate with the ASRA community in person. (asra.com)
Chronic Pain Basics of Pediatric Anesthesia, Tablet Edition. (chop.edu)

Anatomy6

Organisms5

Diseases22

Chemicals and Drugs100

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment97

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes18

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care30

Pentobarbital-sensitive EDHF comediates ACh-induced arteriolar dilation in the hamster microcirculation. (1/245)

Dose effect and benefits of glycopyrrolate in the treatment of bradycardia in anesthetized dogs. (2/245)

Dual effects of pentobarbital on rat sacral dorsal commissural neurons in vitro. (3/245)

Glucocorticoid effects on mesotelencephalic dopamine neurotransmission. (4/245)

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and cocaine administration increases mRNA expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in rat brain. (5/245)

Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac function in conscious and anesthetized mice. (6/245)

Antinociceptive effect of R-(+)-hyoscyamine on the conjunctival reflex test in rabbits. (7/245)

Closed-loop control of propofol anaesthesia. (8/245)

Anesthesia, General

Anesthesia

Anesthesia, Local

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Anesthesia, Epidural

Anesthesia, Spinal

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

Anesthesia, Inhalation

Anesthesia, Conduction

Anesthesia, Intravenous

Anesthesia, Obstetrical

Anesthesia Recovery Period

Freund's Adjuvant

Anesthesia, Dental

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Propofol

Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

Isoflurane

Methyl Ethers

Anesthesiology

Anesthetics, Local

Anesthetics, Combined

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic

Monitoring, Intraoperative

Anesthetics

Nitrous Oxide

Halothane

Lidocaine

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit

Fentanyl

Anesthetics, General

Bupivacaine

Ketamine

Preanesthetic Medication

Nerve Block

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures

Anesthesia, Caudal

Thiopental

Pentobarbital

Anesthetics, Dissociative

Enflurane

Intubation, Intratracheal

Xylazine

Anesthesia Department, Hospital

Breast Neoplasms

Conscious Sedation

Anesthesia, Intratracheal

Intraoperative Complications

Treatment Outcome

Pain, Postoperative

Aluminum Hydroxide

Intraoperative Period

Time Factors

Prospective Studies

Anesthesia and Analgesia

Combined Modality Therapy

Cesarean Section

Prilocaine

Methohexital

Electroencephalography

Immunization

Double-Blind Method

Mepivacaine

Tamoxifen

Consciousness

Alfentanil

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Fluorouracil

Surgical Procedures, Minor

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

Disease-Free Survival

Xenon

Midazolam

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Neoplasm Staging

Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents

Ethers

Administration, Intranasal