Adiposity: The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Waist Circumference: The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.Intra-Abdominal Fat: Fatty tissue inside the ABDOMINAL CAVITY, including visceral fat and retroperitoneal fat. It is the most metabolically active fat in the body and easily accessible for LIPOLYSIS. Increased visceral fat is associated with metabolic complications of OBESITY.Abdominal Fat: Fatty tissue in the region of the ABDOMEN. It includes the ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT and the INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT.Body Composition: The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.Waist-Hip Ratio: The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.Subcutaneous Fat: Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body.Skinfold Thickness: The measurement of subcutaneous fat located directly beneath the skin by grasping a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat between the thumb and forefinger and pulling it away from the underlying muscle tissue. The thickness of the double layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue is then read with a caliper. The five most frequently measured sites are the upper arm, below the scapula, above the hip bone, the abdomen, and the thigh. Its application is the determination of relative fatness, of changes in physical conditioning programs, and of the percentage of body fat in desirable body weight. (From McArdle, et al., Exercise Physiology, 2d ed, p496-8)Absorptiometry, Photon: A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.Obesity, Abdominal: A condition of having excess fat in the abdomen. Abdominal obesity is typically defined as waist circumferences of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women. Abdominal obesity raises the risk of developing disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension and METABOLIC SYNDROME X.Body Fat Distribution: Deposits of ADIPOSE TISSUE throughout the body. The pattern of fat deposits in the body regions is an indicator of health status. Excess ABDOMINAL FAT increases health risks more than excess fat around the hips or thighs, therefore, WAIST-HIP RATIO is often used to determine health risks.Viscera: Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen.Anthropometry: The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.Overweight: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Weight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal: Fatty tissue under the SKIN in the region of the ABDOMEN.Adiponectin: A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Eating: The consumption of edible substances.Body Constitution: The physical characteristics of the body, including the mode of performance of functions, the activity of metabolic processes, the manner and degree of reactions to stimuli, and power of resistance to the attack of pathogenic organisms.Dietary Fats: Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Abdomen: That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.Energy Intake: Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.Adipose Tissue, White: Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the BROWN FAT. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy.European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Diet, High-Fat: Consumption of excessive DIETARY FATS.Glucose Tolerance Test: A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).Body Weights and Measures: Measurements of the height, weight, length, area, etc., of the human and animal body or its parts.Hyperphagia: Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.Adipocytes: Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.TriglyceridesCohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Body Height: The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.Adipokines: Polypeptides produced by the ADIPOCYTES. They include LEPTIN; ADIPONECTIN; RESISTIN; and many cytokines of the immune system, such as TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-6; and COMPLEMENT FACTOR D (also known as ADIPSIN). They have potent autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Puberty: A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Receptors, Leptin: Cell surface receptors for obesity factor (LEPTIN), a hormone secreted by the WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Upon leptin-receptor interaction, the signal is mediated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to regulate food intake, energy balance and fat storage.Metabolic Syndrome X: A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)Body Size: The physical measurements of a body.Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Lipid Metabolism: Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4: A melanocortin receptor subtype found primarily in BRAIN. It shows specificity for ALPHA-MSH; BETA-MSH and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Pediatric Obesity: BODY MASS INDEX in children (ages 2-12) and in adolescents (ages 13-18) that is grossly above the recommended cut-off for a specific age and sex. For infants less than 2 years of age, obesity is determined based on standard weight-for-length percentile measures.Fasting: Abstaining from all food.Ghrelin: A 28-amino acid, acylated, orexigenic peptide that is a ligand for GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTORS. Ghrelin is widely expressed but primarily in the stomach in the adults. Ghrelin acts centrally to stimulate growth hormone secretion and food intake, and peripherally to regulate energy homeostasis. Its large precursor protein, known as appetite-regulating hormone or motilin-related peptide, contains ghrelin and obestatin.African Americans: Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.Thinness: A state of insufficient flesh on the body usually defined as having a body weight less than skeletal and physical standards. Depending on age, sex, and genetic background, a BODY MASS INDEX of less than 18.5 is considered as underweight.Glucose Intolerance: A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.Physical Fitness: The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Feeding Behavior: Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.Mice, Inbred C57BLRegression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Weight Loss: Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.Adipogenesis: The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Glucose: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.Mice, Obese: Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.Homeostasis: The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Hypothalamus: Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.African Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.Metabolic Diseases: Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)Electric Impedance: The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.Western World: A historical and cultural entity dispersed across the wide geographical area of Europe, as opposed to the East, Asia, and Africa. The term was used by scholars through the late medieval period. Thereafter, with the impact of colonialism and the transmission of cultures, Western World was sometimes expanded to include the Americas. (Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)C-Reactive Protein: A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.Republic of BelarusBlood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Agouti-Related Protein: A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids that is related to AGOUTI SIGNALING PROTEIN and is also an antagonist of MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR activity. It is expressed primarily in the HYPOTHALAMUS and the ADRENAL GLAND. As a paracrine signaling molecule, AGRP is known to regulate food intake and body weight. Elevated AGRP has been associated with OBESITY.Birth Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.Fatty Liver: Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.Hyperinsulinism: A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.Caloric Restriction: Reduction in caloric intake without reduction in adequate nutrition. In experimental animals, caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan and enhance other physiological variables.Appetite Regulation: Physiologic mechanisms which regulate or control the appetite and food intake.Adipose Tissue, Brown: A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin: A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.Growth: Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.Mothers: Female parents, human or animal.Life Style: Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Hispanic Americans: Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.Glucose Clamp Technique: Maintenance of a constant blood glucose level by perfusion or infusion with glucose or insulin. It is used for the study of metabolic rates (e.g., in glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism) at constant glucose concentration.Postmenopause: The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Changes in weight and lean body mass during highly active antiretroviral therapy. (1/2014)
BACKGROUND: Few studies have prospectively evaluated the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on body weight and lean body mass (LBM) or explored the impact of baseline immunologic or virological changes on these parameters. METHODS: Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) protocol 892 was a prospective, 48-week, multisite observational study of body composition conducted during 1997-2000 among 224 antiretroviral-naive and antiretroviral-experienced subjects coenrolled into various adult ACTG antiretroviral studies. Assessments included human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA load (by polymerase chain reaction); T lymphocyte subset analysis; Karnofsky score; height (baseline only); weight, LBM, and fat (by bioelectrical impedance analysis); and functional performance (by questionnaire). RESULTS: Overall, only modest median increases in body weight (1.9 kg) and LBM (0.6 kg) occurred after 16 weeks of therapy. Significantly greater median increases in body weight (2.1 vs. 0.5 kg; P=.045) occurred in subjects who achieved virological suppression (HIV-1 RNA load, <500 copies/mL) at week 16 than in subjects who did not. Subjects who were antiretroviral naive at baseline gained more weight (median increase in body weight, 2.6 vs. 0.0 kg; P<.001) and LBM (1.0 vs. 0.1 kg; P=.002) after 16 weeks of treatment than did subjects who were antiretroviral experienced. Subjects with lower baseline CD4 cell counts (<200 cells/mm3) and subjects with higher baseline HIV-1 RNA loads (> or =100,000 copies/mL) were more likely to show increases in LBM of >1.5 kg (P=.013 and P=.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HAART had modestly favorable effects on body composition, particularly in patients with greater pretreatment immunocompromise and virological compromise. The difference between antiretroviral-naive and antiretroviral-experienced subjects with regard to the ability to achieve increased body weight and LBM requires more study. (+info)Elevated soluble ICAM-1 levels induce immune deficiency and increase adiposity in mice. (2/2014)
Elevated soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels have been found in many pathological conditions, including obesity. To determine the effects of elevated sICAM-1 on immune responses and metabolism, we generated a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the extracellular domain of mouse ICAM-1 in the liver. The mice, showing 10-fold higher sICAM-1 levels than wild-type mice, presented elevated neutrophil count. Despite this, after intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate, neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity was reduced, and the delayed macrophage recruitment was also affected in the transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Inhibition of contact hypersensitivity response in the sICAM-1 transgenic mice was comparable to ICAM-1-deficient mice and characterized by significantly less ear swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration than in wild-type mice. sICAM-1transgenic mice were more susceptible to weight gain on a Western-type diet than wild-type mice, and older animals showed excessive fat accumulation, again reminiscent of ICAM-1-deficient mice. Together, these data indicate that sICAM-1 interferes with ICAM-1-mediated cell-cell interactions, which could produce immune-suppressant effects and alteration of metabolism in persons with high levels of this soluble adhesion receptor. (+info)Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere attrition. (3/2014)
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance predisposes to cardiovascular disease and shortens human lifespan. We therefore tested the hypothesis that a rise in insulin resistance in concert with gain in body mass is associated with accelerated white blood cell telomere attrition. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured white blood cell telomere dynamics and age-related changes in insulin resistance and body mass index in young adults of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Over 10.1 to 12.8 years, the relative changes in telomere length were correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=-0.531, P<0.001) and changes in the body mass index (r=-0.423, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide the first tangible nexus of telomere biology with insulin resistance and adiposity in humans. (+info)Genetic modifiers interact with Cpe(fat) to affect body weight, adiposity, and hyperglycemia. (4/2014)
Obesity and Type II diabetes are complex diseases in the human population. The existence of a large number of contributing loci and gene-gene as well as gene-environment interactions make it difficult to identify the disease genes underlying these complex traits. In mouse models of obesity and Type II diabetes such as the murine fat mutation, genetic crosses can be used to dissect the genetic complexity influencing the observed phenotypes. The underlying defect in the fat mutant is a Ser202Pro change in carboxypeptidase E (CPE), an enzyme responsible for the final proteolytic processing step of prohormone intermediates. On the HRS/J (HRS) inbred strain background, mice homozygous for the fat mutation exhibit early onset hyperinsulinemia followed by postpubertal moderate obesity without hyperglycemia. In contrast, on the C57BLKS/J (BKS) genetic background, fat/fat mice become severely obese, hyperinsulinemic, and hyperglycemic. Therefore, in the Cpe(fat) genetic model, the fat mutation is necessary but not sufficient for the development of obesity, Type II diabetes, and related metabolic disorders. To dissect the susceptibility loci responsible for modifying obesity- and diabetes-associated traits, we characterized, both genetically and phenotypically, fat/fat male progeny from a large intercross between BKS. HRS-fat/fat and HRS-+/+ mice. Four major loci were mapped, including a locus for body weight (body weight 1) on chromosome 14; a locus for hyperglycemia (fat-induced diabetes 1) on chromosome 19; a locus for hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypercholesterolemia (fat-induced diabetes 2) on chromosome 5; and a locus for adiposity and body weight (fat-induced adiposity 1) on chromosome 11. The identification of these interacting genetic determinants for obesity and Type II diabetes may allow better definition of the obesity/diabetes-related hormone signaling pathways and ultimately may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of these complex diseases. (+info)Body mass index in relation to ovarian cancer survival. (5/2014)
Evidence for an association between indicators of adiposity and survival after ovarian cancer has been inconsistent. A prospective cohort study was conducted in China to examine the relationship between ovarian cancer survival and body mass index (BMI). From the 214 patients recruited in 1999 to 2000 with histopathologically confirmed invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, 207 patients or their close relatives (96.7% of cases) were traced and followed to 2003. Deaths were recorded and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to obtain hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from multivariate models. Reduced survival was observed among patients with BMI > or = 25 kg/m(2) at 5 years before diagnosis (P = 0.001). There were 98 (59.8%) of 164 patients with BMI <25 kg/m(2) survived to the time of interview compared with only 15 women (34.9%) among the 43 patients whose BMI was > or =25 kg/m(2). The HRs significantly increased with higher BMI at 5 years before diagnosis but not at diagnosis nor at age 21 years. The adjusted HR was 2.33 (95% CI, 1.12-4.87) for BMI of > or =25 versus <20 kg/m(2), with a significant dose-response relationship. The HR was 3.31 (95% CI, 1.26-8.73) among patients who had been overweight or obese at age 21 years, but a linear dose-response was not found. We conclude that premorbid BMI may have independent prognostic significance in ovarian cancer. (+info)Recombinant leptin promotes atherosclerosis and thrombosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. (6/2014)
OBJECTIVE: The direct role of leptin in vascular disease remains controversial. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of leptin treatment on atherosclerosis and thrombosis in atherosclerotic-prone mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen-week-old, male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were treated with injections of recombinant leptin (125 microg per day IP; n=10) or vehicle (n=10) for 4 weeks. Leptin treatment resulted in reduced epididymal fat (352+/-30.7 versus 621+/-61.5 mg; P=0.005) and fasting insulin (0.57+/-0.25 versus 1.7+/-0.22 ng/mL; P=0.014). Despite these metabolic benefits, leptin treatment resulted in an increase in atherosclerosis (8.0+/-0.95% versus 5.4+/-0.59% lesion surface coverage; P<0.05). Leptin treatment also resulted in a shortened time to occlusive thrombosis after vascular injury (21+/-2.1 versus 34.6+/-5.4 minutes; P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that exogenous leptin promotes atherosclerosis and thrombosis and support the concept that elevations of leptin may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. (+info)Cathepsin S, a novel biomarker of adiposity: relevance to atherogenesis. (7/2014)
The molecular mechanisms by which obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate biomarkers overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese subjects that could link expanded fat mass to atherosclerosis. We compared gene expression profile in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scWAT) of 28 obese and 11 lean subjects using microarray technology. This analysis identified 240 genes significantly overexpressed in scWAT of obese subjects. The genes were then ranked according to the correlation between gene expression and body mass index (BMI). In this list, the elastolytic cysteine protease cathepsin S was among the highly correlated genes. RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed the increase in cathepsin S mRNA (P=0.006) and protein (P<0.05) in obese scWAT. The circulating concentrations of cathepsin S were also significantly higher in obese than in nonobese subjects (P<0.0001). Both cathepsin S mRNA in scWAT and circulating levels were positively correlated with BMI, body fat, and plasma triglyceride levels. In addition, we show that the proinflammatory factors, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increase cathepsin S secretion in human scWAT explants. This study identifies cathepsin S as a novel marker of adiposity. Since this enzyme has been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, we propose that cathepsin S represents a molecular link between obesity and atherosclerosis. (+info)Body fatness during childhood and adolescence and incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study. (8/2014)
INTRODUCTION: Body mass index (BMI) during adulthood is inversely related to the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, but the role of body fatness earlier in life is less clear. We examined prospectively the relation between body fatness during childhood and adolescence and the incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women. METHODS: Participants were 109,267 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II who recalled their body fatness at ages 5, 10 and 20 years using a validated 9-level figure drawing. Over 12 years of follow up, 1318 incident cases of breast cancer were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for body fatness at each age and for average childhood (ages 5-10 years) and adolescent (ages 10-20 years) fatness. RESULTS: Body fatness at each age was inversely associated with premenopausal breast cancer incidence; the multivariate RRs were 0.48 (95% CI 0.35-0.55) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.39-0.83) for the most overweight compared with the most lean in childhood and adolescence, respectively (P for trend < 0.0001). The association for childhood body fatness was only slightly attenuated after adjustment for later BMI, with a multivariate RR of 0.52 (95% CI 0.38-0.71) for the most overweight compared with the most lean (P for trend = 0.001). Adjustment for menstrual cycle characteristics had little impact on the association. CONCLUSION: Greater body fatness during childhood and adolescence is associated with reduced incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, independent of adult BMI and menstrual cycle characteristics. (+info)Fontana, L.; Klein, S. (2007). "Aging, Adiposity, and Calorie Restriction". JAMA. 297 (9): 986-94. doi:10.1001/jama.297.9.986. ...
This data suggests that ghrelin functions as an adiposity signal, a messenger between the body's energy stores and the brain.[5 ... Tschöp M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML (October 2000). "Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents". Nature. 407 (6806): 908-13. Bibcode: ... Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL (January 2001). "Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by ... "Elevated fasting plasma ghrelin in prader-willi syndrome adults is not solely explained by their reduced visceral adiposity and ...
Montague CT, O'Rahilly S (June 2000). "The perils of portliness: causes and consequences of visceral adiposity". Diabetes. 49 ( ... "Partial leptin deficiency and human adiposity". Nature. 414 (6859): 34-35. Bibcode:2001Natur.414...34F. doi:10.1038/35102112. ... "The effect of diet or exercise on ectopic adiposity in children and adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta- ... "Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ...
The effect of abdominal adiposity occurs not just in those who are obese, but also affects people who are non-obese and it also ... The effect of abdominal adiposity occurs not just in those who are obese, but also affects people who are non-obese and it also ... Méthot, Julie; Houle, Julie; Poirier, Paul (2010). "Obesity: how to define central adiposity?". Expert Review of Cardiovascular ... Some studies indicate that visceral adiposity, together with lipid dysregulation and decreased insulin sensitivity,[39] is ...
"Inflammation in depression: is adiposity a cause?". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 13 (1): 41-53. PMC 3181969. PMID ...
Edelstein ZR, Farrow DC, Bronner MP, Rosen SN, Vaughan TL (August 2007). "Central adiposity and risk of Barrett esophagus". ...
Samaras, K; Campbell, LV (1997). "The non-genetic determinants of central adiposity". International Journal of Obesity and ... Samaras, K; Campbell, LV (1997). "The non-genetic determinants of central adiposity". International Journal of Obesity and ... Wardle, J; Chida, Y; Gibson, EL; Whitaker, KL; Steptoe, A (2011). "Stress and adiposity: a meta-analysis of longitudinal ... Gomes-Santos, E (2014). "Increased visceral adiposity and cortisol to cortisone ratio in adults with congenital isolated GH ...
Sam S (February 2015). "Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome". Hormone Molecular Biology and ...
"Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity". Annals of Internal Medicine. 153 (7): 435-41. doi:10.7326/ ...
Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes; Program for Injury Prevention, Education & Research (PIPER). "Colorado School ...
Fontana, L.; Klein, S. (2007). "Aging, Adiposity, and Calorie Restriction". JAMA. 297 (9): 986-94. doi:10.1001/jama.297.9.986. ... these effects are independent of adiposity. Lowering of the concentration of insulin and substances related to insulin, such as ...
The effect of diet or exercise on ectopic adiposity in children and adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta- ... Bachmanov, Alexander; D. R. Reed; M. G. Tordoff; R. A. Price (March 2001). "Nutrient preference and diet-induced adiposity in ... Montague, CT; O'Rahilly, S (2000). "The perils of portliness: Causes and consequences of visceral adiposity". Diabetes. 49 (6 ... "Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 25 ...
"Vitamin d, adiposity, and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in african-americans". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and ...
Early-life antibiotics alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity. Nature 2012; 488:621-626. [. PMID 22914093] ...
Shelton RC, Miller AH (2011). "Inflammation in depression: is adiposity a cause?". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 13 (1): ...
"Central adiposity and risk of Barrett esophagus". Gastroenterology. 133 (2): 403-11. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.05.026. PMID ...
EP4 receptor-depleted mice exhibit slower weight gain; reduced adiposity upon high fat diet challenge; and shortened life span ...
2016). "Effects of Cryolipolysis on Abdominal Adiposity". Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine. doi:10.1155/2016/6052194. ...
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(96)01333-6. Ness, Roberta (1 January 1991). "Adiposity and age of menarche in Hispanic women". American ...
This varies substantially by age, sex, and adiposity. In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for ...
The development of a pathogenetically based adiposity therapy]. Med Klin 99:674-679 Merl V, Peters A, Oltmanns KM, Kern W, ...
2002). "Tetradecylthioacetic acid prevents high fat diet induced adiposity and insulin resistance". Journal of Lipid Research. ... and preventing high fat diet induced adiposity and insulin resistance.[3] ...
"Effects of sit up exercise training on adipose cell size and adiposity". Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 55 (3): 242 ...
"Role of resistant starch in improving gut health, adiposity, and insulin resistance". Advances in Nutrition. 6 (2): 198-205. ...
"Increased Marrow Adiposity in Premenopausal Women with Idiopathic Osteoporosis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and ... "Changes in Skeletal Integrity and Marrow Adiposity during High-Fat Diet and after Weight Loss". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 7: ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Public health significance of upper body adiposity for non-insulin dependent ... Haffner, SM, Mitchell, BD, Stern, MP, Hazuda, HP & Patterson, JK 1992, Public health significance of upper body adiposity for ... Public health significance of upper body adiposity for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Mexican Americans. / Haffner ... Public health significance of upper body adiposity for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Mexican Americans. ...
"Adiposity is known to be related to asthma. Although a causal link between adiponectin (a protein produced by adipose tissue) ...
Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin levels and increased adiposity: Results from the Quebec family study. ...
"The body adiposity index (hip circumference ÷ height(1.5)) is not a more accurate measure of adiposity than is BMI, waist ... The body adiposity index (BAI) is a method of measuring the amount of body fat in humans. The BAI is calculated without using ... Adiposity indexes that include the waist circumference (for example waist-to-height ratio WHtR) may be better than BAI and BMI ... 2013). "Body Adiposity Index and Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors in Caucasians: A Comparison with the Body Mass Index and ...
Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes; Program for Injury Prevention, Education & Research (PIPER). "Colorado School ...
However, she noted that the lower overall risk of prostate cancer in men with greater adiposity was driven by a substantially ... Cite this: Adiposity Linked to Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Death - Medscape - Jun 02, 2016. ... men who have greater adiposity have an elevated risk of high-grade prostate cancer and prostate-cancer death." ...
... JAMA. 2007 Mar 7;297(9):986-94. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.9.986. ... adiposity, and obesity; hand search of journals that focus on obesity, geriatrics, or aging; and search of reference lists of ...
Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trisha J. Brock, John Browse and Jennifer L ... Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trisha J. Brock, John Browse and Jennifer L ... Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trisha J. Brock, John Browse and Jennifer L ... Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a ...
After 6 weeks of administration, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited a marked reduction in adiposity. AzA treatment ...
The association between 25(OH)D and adiposity was stronger for visceral than subcutaneous abdominal adiposity, and significant ... To examine adiposity and body size separately, we repeated multivariable analyses of adiposity measures within subgroups ... Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Status: The Framingham Heart Study. Susan Cheng, Joseph M. Massaro, Caroline S. ... Adiposity, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Vitamin D Status: The Framingham Heart Study. Susan Cheng, Joseph M. Massaro, Caroline S. ...
All the latest news about adiposity from Medical Xpress ... News tagged with adiposity. * Date 6 hours 12 hours 1 day 3 ...
Adiposity, especially abdominal adiposity, seems to be at the core of development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes (1). ... to estimate adiposity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the joint associations of adiposity and physical ... Adiposity as compared with physical activity in predicting mortality among women. N Engl J Med 2004;351:2694-2703. ... Adiposity compared with physical inactivity and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2007;30:53-58. ...
73 Comments on "New measure of obesity - body adiposity index (BAI)". * gasstationwithoutpumps. says: 10 Mar 2011 at 12:45 am [ ... Kindly send via email the article that contain the new index i.e Body Adiposity Index (BAI), so that i can do research among ... The Body Adiposity Index (BAI). Researcher Richard Bergman of the University of Southern California measured 1700 Mexican- ... The BAI could be a good tool to measure adiposity due, at least in part, to the advantages over other more complex mechanical ...
We then preadjusted all adiposity measurements for sex and took account of the mothers age, adiposity (as continuous variables ... Both groups underwent adiposity measurement by DEXA (PAH study, age 9 years: Lunar DPX-L, pediatric software, version 4.7c; GE ... The associations with adiposity were linked to specific CpGs 5′ to the start site of the selected candidate genes. Although ... Methylation of eNOS chr7:150315553+ was associated with later adiposity in the initial cohort only. This may reflect a chance ...
Inequalities in CRP and leptin were completely mediated by adiposity. Inequalities in other cardiovascular risk factors were ... This study showed important socioeconomic inequalities in adiposity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in a ... and examined whether inequalities were mediated by adiposity, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-assessed total ... Socioeconomic gradients in adiposity were not present during childhood for previous generations, but have emerged in ...
... adiposity variables, and risk factors for MI in 80 apparently healthy men. Of the adiposity variables, visceral adipose tissue ... Relationships in men of sex hormones, insulin, adiposity, and risk factors for myocardial infarction Metabolism. 2003 Jun;52(6 ... VAT, therefore, was used as the measure of adiposity for further data analysis. VAT correlated more strongly with risk factors ... independently of other measures of adiposity, that links risk factors for MI to form the constellation, and (3) estradiol may ...
Visceral Adiposity Index. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(4):920-2. [ Links ] 13. Carey VJ, Bishop L, Laranjo N, Harshfield BJ, Kwiat C ... Wang Y, He S, He J, Wang S, Liu K, Chen X. Predictive value of visceral adiposity index for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A 15 year ... Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a mathematical model based on simple anthropometric [body mass index (BMI) and waist ... Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are the practical markers ...
have introduced a new index of adiposity, namely, body adiposity index (BAI), as a marker of obesity excess body fat in ...
... adiposity and hyperglycemia correlate with poor cognitive performance. ... "In a population of middle-aged adults without diabetes, we found that adiposity and a high level of HbA1c were both associated ... The researchers found that, in tests evaluating processing speed, elevated markers of adiposity correlated with poor cognitive ... HealthDay News) - Among healthy middle-aged adults, adiposity and hyperglycemia correlate with poor cognitive performance, ...
Multi-detector computerized tomography was used to measure visceral adiposity (VAT) and subcutaneous adiposity (SAT). The ... "Earlier age at menarche is associated with overall adiposity, but is not specific to VAT or SAT," the authors write. "Parity ... HealthDay News) - Earlier menarche is associated with overall adiposity, according to a study published online Oct. 23 in the ... No association was observed between parity and any parameter of adiposity measurements. There was no association between age at ...
... an index of total adiposity), and SS : TR ratio (an index of central adiposity) in their children (n = 106). Hierarchical ... Prenatal stress due to a natural disaster predicts adiposity in childhood: the Iowa Flood Study J Obes. 2015;2015:570541. doi: ... These results support the hypothesis that prenatal stress increases adiposity beginning in childhood and suggest that early ... as well as total adiposity at 2.5. Greater maternal hardship and distress due to the floods, as well as other nonflood life ...
Adiposity - having the property of containing fat; he recommended exercise to reduce my adiposity ... having the property of containing fat; he recommended exercise to reduce my adiposity ... having the property of containing fat; he recommended exercise to reduce my adiposity ... ADIPOSITY \ˌadɪpˈɒsɪti], \ˌadɪpˈɒsɪti], \ˌa_d_ɪ_p_ˈɒ_s_ɪ_t_i]\ ...
Enhanced responsiveness of Ghsr Q343X rats to ghrelin results in enhanced adiposity without increased appetite ... Enhanced responsiveness of Ghsr Q343X rats to ghrelin results in enhanced adiposity without increased appetite ... Enhanced responsiveness of Ghsr Q343X rats to ghrelin results in enhanced adiposity without increased appetite ... Enhanced responsiveness of Ghsr Q343X rats to ghrelin results in enhanced adiposity without increased appetite ...
Impact of Age on the Relationships of Brown Adipose Tissue With Sex and Adiposity in Humans. Christina Pfannenberg, Matthias K. ... Because BAT activity and BAT mass decline with age in humans, the impact of BAT on adiposity may decrease with aging. In the ... In conclusion, we provide novel data that only in male subjects the impact of BAT activity on adiposity appears to decline with ... Importantly, we provide novel evidence that the impact of BAT activity and BAT mass on adiposity appears to decline with aging ...
Overall adiposity was not significantly associated with plasma lipoprotein levels after adjusting for regional adiposity ... Regional adiposity patterns in relation to lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein subfraction mass in men J Clin ... Plasma sex hormone-binding globulin and percent free testosterone were associated with regional adiposity, but did not account ... Pronounced differences were found between regional adiposity patterns in their relationships to lipoprotein subfractions, as ...
ObesityAbdominalMarkers of adiposityInfant adiposityFound that visceral adiposityAdolescenceAdiposeMetabolicHigher levels of adiposityDifferent measures of adiposityReboundBody Adiposity IndexBone Marrow AdiposityFetalExcessMeasuresMeasure of adiposityDetermine whether adiposityWaistConclusionsIntakeLower adipositySeveral adiposityMaternal adiposityEpidemiological studiesInflammation and insulin resistanceDiabetesCardiovascular diseaseAssociationsCohortHypertensionRelationMetabolismPositivelyStronglySkinfoldPediatricExamineOverweightAssociationColorectal CancerVisceral fatSurrogateFactors
- New obesity scale proposed (Ottawa Citizen, originally Reuters) Body Adiposity Index Utilization in a Spanish Mediterranean Population: Comparison with the Body Mass Index. (wikipedia.org)
- 2 , 3 Recently, we have observed in prepubertal Chilean children that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25[OH]D) was inversely associated with key indicators of adiposity (total and central) and IR, and that the conventional cutoff of optimal-25(OH)D status (≥30 ng/mL) is adequate to assess obesity and IR risk in this age group. (aappublications.org)
- we hypothesize that independent changes in serum-25(OH)D concentration or adiposity (ie, suboptimal-25[OH]D or obesity per se) may result in an increased IR. (aappublications.org)
- Gut microbiota: adding weight to the microbiota's role in obesity--exposure to antibiotics early in life can lead to increased adiposity. (nih.gov)
- CONCLUSIONS Chronic maternal Cr restriction increased body adiposity probably due to increased stress and altered lipid metabolism in WNIN rat offspring, which may predispose them to obesity and associated diseases in later life. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Emerging research is characterising this relationship further and delineating the specific role of excess visceral adiposity, as opposed to simple obesity, in promoting tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
- Direct evaluations of adiposity and comparisons to contemporary controls that can differentiate recent trends in obesity from cancer-related treatments and sequelae are limited. (aacrjournals.org)
- With the increasing rates of obesity in children in the United States ( 12 , 13 ) and its emerging importance on cardiovascular health ( 14 ), attributing adiposity to cancer-specific factors without comparison to children with comparable genetic and environmental conditions may produce misleading results. (aacrjournals.org)
- Trends in adiposity in Brazilian 7-10-year-old schoolchildren: evidence for increasing overweight but not obesity between 2002 and 2007. (cambridge.org)
- Both measured and self-reported data were used to examine adiposity (including body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, waist-to-hip ratio and fat mass) and food frequency questionnaires were used to assess diet quality. (mdpi.com)
- In this position statement, AACE and ACE introduce Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease (ABCD) as a new diagnostic term for obesity that identifies a chronic disease, alludes to a precise pathophysiologic basis, and avoids the stigmata and confusion related to the differential use and multiple meanings of the term "obesity. (aace.com)
- Excess maternal circulating nutrients, as in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes, have been associated with fetal overgrowth (macrosomia) and greater adiposity at birth (Catalano et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Dr. Harold Bays, Chair for the National Lipid Association's expert panel on Adiposity, Obesity, and Dyslipidemia, discusses with host Dr. Alan Brown the panel's consensus statement published in the Journal of Clinical Lipidology . (reachmd.com)
- Obesity has long been considered a risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but over the past 20 yr, it has become increasingly apparent that it is abdominal adiposity that is more closely associated with disease risk. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- 1-7 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ Evidence for an effect of complex nervous system interactions involving autonomic dysfunction on appetite regulation and energy metabolism, 8 as well as recent observations that obesity in humans is related to the depletion of striatal dopamine receptor availability, 9 suggests that nigrostriatal system disorders are associated with PD and adiposity. (neurology.org)
- While body mass index (BMI) correctly identifies adiposity in most youth with class 2 and 3 obesity, a relatively high degree of discordance was observed in youth with obesity and overweight, according to a recent study. (mdedge.com)
- Nearly all youth with class 3 obesity and a high proportion of those with class 2 obesity had excess adiposity. (mdedge.com)
- There was significant discordance between BMI characterization and DXA-derived excess adiposity among youth with class 1 obesity or overweight. (mdedge.com)
- Utility of body mass index in identifying excess adiposity in youth across the obesity spectrum. (mdedge.com)
- The current study extends the data already observed in adults and college students showing that BMI accurately correlates with adiposity among those who are very obese (class II and III), but is not an accurate predictor of lean and fat body mass in those who are overweight or with class I obesity. (mdedge.com)
- These results may have implications for addressing the growing concern about the contribution of obesity to adverse birth outcomes, and they suggest that factors that influence the regulation of inflammation, before pregnancy and independent of adiposity, may be important in shaping the inflammatory response to pregnancy. (unc.edu)
- We investigated overall obesity and abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a large prospective cohort of approximately half a million men and women from ten European countries. (diva-portal.org)
- To evaluate the effect of three types of muscular resistance training on adiposity, inflammation levels and insulin activity in Swiss mice with fat-rich diet-induced obesity. (scielo.br)
- Utilizing umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uMSC) from offspring of normal weight and obese mothers, we tested whether energy metabolism and gene expression differ in differentiating uMSC myocytes and adipocytes, in relation to maternal obesity exposures and/or neonatal adiposity. (jci.org)
- Associations between sports participation, adiposity and obesity-relat" by Stewart A. Vella, Dylan P. Cliff et al. (edu.au)
- Measures of adiposity (Body Mass Index [BMI], abdominal height, waist circumference) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression [CES-D] scale) were obtained from a random sample of 115 officers in an urban police department. (cdc.gov)
- No significant associations were found between CES-D score and adiposity in women officers (p = 0.075 for BMI, p = 0.317 for abdominal height, p = 0.114 for waist circumference). (cdc.gov)
- Computed tomography was used to assess abdominal adiposity. (springer.com)
- Overall, we found that adiposity and abdominal adiposity significantly increased the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps in a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. (springer.com)
- Cross-sectional relationships were estimated between anthropometric measures of body dimensions such as abdominal, central and upper body fat patterning, and total adiposity and the dependent variables of diabetes, blood pressure, plasma lipids and glucose, and left ventricular wall thickness. (bioportfolio.com)
- Abdominal adiposity is strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk ( 1 ) and all-cause mortality ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The results of this study have confirmed the hypothesis and show that the percentage of dietary fat is significantly linked to an increase in abdominal adiposity and that this relation is also independent of the levels of physical exercise adolescents do. (medindia.net)
- To examine the relationship between birth weight (BW) and abdominal adiposity in adolescents. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Abdominal adiposity (in three regions: R1, R2, and R3), trunk and total body fat mass (FM) were measured by DXA. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Our study shows an inverse association between BW and abdominal adiposity in adolescents, independently of total FM and other potential confounders. (diabetesjournals.org)
- These findings suggest that fetal nutrition, as reflected by BW, may have a programming effect on abdominal adiposity later in life. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Of the adiposity indices accessed abdominal fat mass was the best predictor of stroke in women (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.23-2.24 per standard deviation increase), whereas the ratio of gynoid fat to total fat mass was associated with a decreased risk of stroke (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.54-0.96). (diva-portal.org)
- Abdominal fat mass was the only of the adiposity indices assessed that was found to be a significant predictor of stroke in men (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.06-2.09). (diva-portal.org)
- New research released at the Congress from the INternational Study of Prediction of Intra-abdominal adiposity and its RElationships with cardioMEtabolic risk/Intra-Abdominal Adiposity (INSPIRE ME IAA) supports the ICCR's position. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Previously, we performed two separate genome-wide investigations for adiposity-related traits (BMI, percentage body fat (%BF), abdominal circumference (ABDCIR), and serum leptin and serum adiponectin levels) in families from American Samoa and in families from Samoa. (rti.org)
- The primary aim of this study was to test whether the favorable associations of leg fat with risk factors for cardiovascular disease persist after controlling for the highly unfavorable effects of abdominal (visceral or sc) adiposity in postmenopausal women. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- However, after controlling for either visceral or sc abdominal adiposity, TG was the only risk factor for which the favorable effect of leg fat persisted. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The lack of an association between leg fat and most of the risk factors, after adjusting for abdominal visceral or sc fat, suggests an overriding deleterious influence of abdominal adiposity on cardiovascular risk. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- To examine the relationships between of four measures of adiposity, namely waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and subscapular and abdominal skinfolds, with different cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. (elsevier.es)
- The subscapular and abdominal skinfolds, WC, and BMI were measured to assess adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) were assessed by measuring systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), glucose, triglycerides (TG), and high density (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Dichotomous variables were created based on whether or not the subjects were in the upper quartile (Q4) for the WC, BMI, and skinfold variables. (elsevier.es)
- Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included randomised controlled trials ≥3 weeks assessing the effect of pasta alone or in the context of low-GI dietary patterns on measures of global (body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat) and regional (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD)) adiposity in adults. (bmj.com)
- No studies have investigated abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC. (diva-portal.org)
- These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that this pattern of adiposity is the result of overfeeding, such that subcutaneous fat depots have become filled, leading to overflow directed at abdominal and retroperitoneal sites. (onlinejacc.org)
- We examined the association between Ca(2+) intake, derived from the Willett FFQ, and overall and abdominal adiposity in Black and White men and women of the HERITAGE Family Study. (biomedsearch.com)
- Strikingly Low Circulating CRP Concentrations in Ultramarathon Runners Independent of Markers of Adiposity. (ahajournals.org)
- If this relation is causal, it may be mediated through factors associated with maternal adiposity, such as fetal development, pregnancy complications or infant adiposity. (bmj.com)
- Infant adiposity gain was calculated from skinfold thickness at birth and 6 months. (bmj.com)
- Infant adiposity gain was associated with persistent wheeze, but not significantly. (bmj.com)
- Adjusting for infant adiposity gain or BMI at 3 or 6 years did not reduce the association between maternal adiposity and transient wheeze. (bmj.com)
- Biomarkers of incomplete β-oxidation were uniquely positively correlated with infant adiposity and maternal lipid levels in uMSC myocytes from offspring of obese mothers only. (jci.org)
- Instead, the researchers found that visceral adiposity obtained from CT imaging taken at diagnosis was significantly associated with cardiovascular outcomes. (medscape.com)
- (6) found that visceral adiposity and, in particular, retroperitoneal fat were uniquely and selectively correlated with incident hypertension. (onlinejacc.org)
- Body mass index is significantly associated with relative fatness in childhood and adolescence, and is the most convenient way of measuring relative adiposity (14). (thefreedictionary.com)
- This raises the question of whether leptin levels in adolescence are indicative of adiposity-related cardiovascular risk. (luriechildrens.org)
- OBJECTIVE: This study investigated gender-specific patterns of plasma leptin during adolescence, assessed which adiposity measurements are most strongly associated with plasma leptin, and estimated to what degree leptin-adiposity associations are influenced by genetic factors. (luriechildrens.org)
- To inform public health efforts, future studies should continue to analyse longitudinal data to further understand the independent role of different energy-balance behaviours in changes in adiposity in early adolescence. (altmetric.com)
- Body weight and adiposity gains, leukocyte rolling and adhesion, macrophage infiltration and cytokine production in adipose tissue were assessed. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Adiposity is defined as an accumulation of excess adipose tissue composed of adipocytes, or fat cells. (aacc.org)
- Adiposity develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, a balance affected by both orexigenic (hunger inducing) and anorexigenic (satiety inducing) signals-some of which are hormones that adipose tissue itself secretes. (aacc.org)
- Cripps, R. L. and Ozanne, S. E. (2010) Early-Life Programming of Adipogenesis and Adiposity, in Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease (eds T. Leff and J. G. Granneman), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. (wiley.com)
- mPGES-1 -/- mice fed with a high-fat diet, showed a lower body weight gain and a reduced adiposity, which were accompanied by a decrease in adipose tissues inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
- After euthanasia, adipose tissues were removed and weighed for adiposity index determination. (scielo.br)
- While both subcutaneous and visceral fat contribute to adiposity, visceral fat has a much greater impact on cardiometabolic disease because of its metabolic activity. (aacc.org)
- The objectives of this study were to ( a ) compare measures of body fat and metabolic factors associated with body fat between a general cohort of pediatric cancer survivors and their siblings, and ( b ) determine adiposity risks in survivors of childhood cancer receiving a diverse array of treatments. (aacrjournals.org)
- These observations motivated us to examine the relationship between the timing of AR and production of SDLDL as a metabolic consequence of changes in adiposity during infancy. (omicsonline.org)
- Whether patterns of adiposity reflect a unique metabolic pathology in individuals at a high risk of PD warrants further study. (neurology.org)
- Ability of different measures of adiposity to identify high metabolic " by Carla Moreira, Rute Santos et al. (edu.au)
- All measures of adiposity were significantly associated with metabolic risk factors in a sample of Portuguese adolescents. (edu.au)
- We hypothesized, compared to a control group with similar genetic and environmental conditions, that pediatric cancer survivors would show higher levels of adiposity and that lifestyle- and cancer-specific treatments or sequelae would contribute to greater levels of adiposity. (aacrjournals.org)
- It appears unlikely that higher levels of sedentary time are associated with or predictive of, higher levels of adiposity when physical activity is controlled for in youth. (bibsys.no)
- Cardiorespiratory fitness, different measures of adiposity, and cancer mortality in men. (nih.gov)
- The purpose was to examine the prospective relationship among cardiorespiratory fitness level (CRF), different measures of adiposity, and cancer mortality in men. (nih.gov)
- Linear regression analyses showed that, after adjusting for age and pubertal stage, all different measures of adiposity are positively and significantly associated with MRS in both sexes, with exception of WHtR for boys. (edu.au)
- At 5 to 6 years of age, body fatness normally declines to a minimum, a point called adiposity rebound (AR), before increasing again into adulthood. (aappublications.org)
- The point of maximal leanness or minimal BMI has been called the adiposity rebound (AR). (aappublications.org)
- however, a number of contributors have been identified, including reduced physical activity ( 7 ), cranial irradiation with identified or presumed hormonal dysregulation ( 8 , 9 ), family risk factors ( 10 ), and early adiposity rebound ( 11 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Time trends in BMI, body fatness, and adiposity rebound among boys from Kraków (Poland) from 1983 to 2010. (cambridge.org)
- Aim: The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in the body mass index (BMI) curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. (omicsonline.org)
- The body adiposity index (BAI) is a method of measuring the amount of body fat in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Body Adiposity Index (BAI), directly gives your body fat percentage. (medindia.net)
- Low bone mass is often associated with elevated bone marrow adiposity. (frontiersin.org)
- The aim of this secondary analysis from the LIMIT randomized trial was to describe the mediating effect of GDM in obese pregnant women on fetal growth and adiposity. (medworm.com)
- We investigated if maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weight gain (GWG) and newborn adiposity, were associated with fetal autonomic nervous development as indicated by fetal heart rate variability (HRV) and newborn behavior. (ku.edu)
- Further studies are needed to elucidate the impact of maternal and fetal/newborn adiposity on fetal neurodevelopment. (ku.edu)
- In an effort to shift the emphasis from a medical diagnostic focus to one that recognizes the pathophysiological effects of excess weight, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and the American College of Endocrinology (ACE) published a position statement , arguing for--adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD)--as a new diagnostic term. (endocrineweb.com)
- To determine whether sleep restriction attenuates the effect of a reduced-calorie diet on excess adiposity. (annals.org)
- Cardiometabolic risk factors are increased in the presence of excess adiposity, regardless of cutpoint used. (mdedge.com)
- Investigation of the association of excess adiposity with three different outcomes: all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and incident CHD. (unboundmedicine.com)
- In this study excess adiposity was associated with an increased risk of incident CHD but not necessarily death. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Adjustment of CRF for adiposity measures had little effect on mortality risk. (nih.gov)
- Higher levels of CRF are associated with lower cancer mortality risk in men, independently of several adiposity measures. (nih.gov)
- Data synthesis Primary analysis focused on cohort studies exploring associations for continuous measures of adiposity. (bmj.com)
- We evaluated demographic, treatment, lifestyle, and endocrine factors at the time of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry testing in 170 non-Hispanic white survivors and 71 sibling controls, and compared three measures of adiposity [body mass index (BMI), total body fat, and trunk fat]. (aacrjournals.org)
- Adiposity measures were positively associated with consumption of meat/poultry, fish, snack food, sweeteners, diet soft drinks, and frequenting fast food restaurants, and inversely associated with consumption of whole grains and green tea. (mdpi.com)
- Adiposity measures included body mass index (BMI), subscapular skinfold thickness (SSF), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). (neurology.org)
- The purpose of this report is to examine the association between measures of adiposity observed in middle-adulthood and the future risk of PD based on 30 years of follow-up of a cohort of asymptomatic men enrolled in the Honolulu Heart Program. (neurology.org)
- After excluding 14 men with missing measures of adiposity and two men with prevalent PD, 7,990 remained available for follow-up. (neurology.org)
- We synthesised the evidence of the effect of pasta on measures of adiposity. (bmj.com)
- There was no effect on other measures of adiposity. (bmj.com)
- Increased Ca(2+) intake has been associated with lower body weight, BMI, and adiposity measures in cross-sectional studies. (biomedsearch.com)
- Adiposity measures across tertiles were compared by ANOVA and also regressed against the energy-adjusted Ca(2+) intake to test for a linear trend. (biomedsearch.com)
- In both males and females, percentage trunk fat had the weakest association with leptin among the five adiposity measures. (luriechildrens.org)
- Methods: We examined relations of systemic RAAS activity, as assessed by circulating plasma renin activity (PRA), serum aldosterone level, and aldosterone:renin ratio (ARR), with specific regional adiposity measures in a large, community-based sample. (harvard.edu)
- Correlation coefficients between log-transformed RAAS measures and adiposity measurements were calculated, adjusted for age and sex. (harvard.edu)
- Partial correlations between log-transformed RAAS measures and adiposity measurements were also calculated, adjusted for standard CVD risk factors. (harvard.edu)
- Conclusions: Regional adiposity measures were not associated with circulating measures of RAAS activity in this large population-based study. (harvard.edu)
- Background Occupation is often used as an indicator of socioeconomic position (SEP) in epidemiological studies, although it is unclear whether variation in SEP within a single occupational group is associated with health outcomes, including adiposity measures. (bmj.com)
- This study is an important addition to our understanding of how to interpret the most commonly used measure of adiposity, the BMI. (mdedge.com)
- We aimed to determine whether adiposity is causally related to various cardiometabolic traits using the Mendelian randomization approach. (diva-portal.org)
- Although sum of skinfolds may be least influenced by age, sex and race of all the adiposity surrogates, waist-height ratio provides a good alternative for both sexes. (rti.org)
- As adiposity predictors, the BMI, the body fat percentage, and the waist/hip relation were measured. (scielo.br)
- The different rates of physical activity demonstrated a significant correlation with the adiposity predictors, except for the waist/hip relation in girls. (scielo.br)
- Conclusions: These data provide further evidence for a strong causal relationship between adiposity and the risk of developing CRC highlighting the urgent need for prevention and treatment of adiposity. (harvard.edu)
- Conclusions Pasta in the context of low-GI dietary patterns does not adversely affect adiposity and even reduces body weight and BMI compared with higher-GI dietary patterns. (bmj.com)
- CONCLUSIONS: We found gender differences in leptin levels and leptin-adiposity associations. (luriechildrens.org)
- Conclusions Our findings suggest that SEP remains relevant for adiposity within a single occupational setting and indicate that a stronger conceptualisation of SEP in epidemiological studies may be warranted. (bmj.com)
- Gluten-free animals showed a reduction in body weight gain and adiposity, without changes in food intake or lipid excretion. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Changes in dietary intake, adiposity and fasting biochemistry (glucose, insulin, lipids) were compared with controls who maintained habitual feeding patterns. (cambridge.org)
- Calcium intake is associated with adiposity in Black and White men and White women of the HERITAGE Family Study. (biomedsearch.com)
- Low Ca(2+) intake may be associated with higher adiposity, particularly in men and White women. (biomedsearch.com)
- There is limited evidence on the prospective association of time spent in activity intensity (sedentary (SED), moderate (MPA) or vigorous (VPA) physical activity) and dietary intake with adiposity indicators in young people. (altmetric.com)
- Body weight loss, reduced adipocyte area and lower adiposity index were observed in trained obese mice, regardless of training modality. (scielo.br)
- Among 1250 mother/child pairs from Massachusetts, higher omega-3 levels in moms diets from fish were associated with lower adiposity in their children at age 3 years. (aboutseafood.com)
- Associations between plasma leptin and several adiposity measurements were examined using generalized estimating equations. (luriechildrens.org)
- Maternal adiposity was not associated with offspring atopy, exhaled nitric oxide, or spirometry. (bmj.com)
- Discussion Greater maternal adiposity is associated with transient wheeze but not asthma or atopy, suggesting effects upon airway structure/function but not allergic predisposition. (bmj.com)
- The findings from epidemiological studies addressing the association between adiposity and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps are inconsistent. (springer.com)
- Background: The association between adiposity and cardiometabolic traits is well known from epidemiological studies. (diva-portal.org)
- Gluten-free diet reduces adiposity, inflammation and insulin resistance associated with the induction of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma expression. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Our data support the beneficial effects of gluten-free diets in reducing adiposity gain, inflammation and insulin resistance. (greenmedinfo.com)
- The complications that result from adiposity under these influences are adiposity-based chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. (endocrineweb.com)
- Increased adiposity and unhealthy lifestyle augment the risk for type 2 diabetes in children with familial predisposition. (mdpi.com)
- Adiposity and the diseases associated with it, including cardiovascular disease, are emerging long-term complications of pediatric cancer survivors. (aacrjournals.org)
- Of the 95 meta-analyses that included cohort studies and used a continuous scale to measure adiposity, only 12 (13%) associations for nine cancers were supported by strong evidence. (bmj.com)
- Associations of VO2max and adiposity were analyzed. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Our results suggest that associations of ambient PM exposures with newborn size and adiposity differ between white British and Pakistani origin infants. (nih.gov)
- This study aimed to assess associations between (1) baseline objectively measured activity intensity, dietary energy density (DED) and 4-year change in adiposity and (2) 4-year change in activity intensity/DED and adiposity at follow-up. (altmetric.com)
- In conclusion, activity intensity was not prospectively associated with adiposity, whereas the directions of associations with DED were inconsistent. (altmetric.com)
- The aim of this study was to examine diet quality among participants in the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (PATH) cohort and to assess the association with adiposity. (mdpi.com)
- Bisphenol A and Adiposity in an Inner-City Birth Cohort. (thefreedictionary.com)
- We identified nine cohort studies (three prospective) whether sedentary time was associated with adiposity independent of physical activity. (bibsys.no)
- Two male study groups were enrolled to characterize adiposity or hypertriglyceridemia showing that these men were at baseline risk for hypertension . (scirp.org)
- Leitzmann MF, Flood A, Ferrucci LM et al (2009) Adiposity in relation to colorectal adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in women. (springer.com)
- This report examines the relation between midlife adiposity and the risk of PD. (neurology.org)
- The aim of this review is to discuss the role of physical activity, sedentary time and behaviour (i.e. television (TV)-viewing) in relation to adiposity during the first two decades of life with a specific focus on whether the association between sedentary time, and behaviour and adiposity is independent of physical activity. (bibsys.no)
- Effects on composition of phospholipids ultimately determine membrane fluidity, and the effects on the composition of cholesterol esters and triglycerides can affect lipoprotein metabolism and adiposity. (pnas.org)
- Administration of subtherapeutic antibiotic therapy increased adiposity in young mice and increased hormone levels related to metabolism. (nih.gov)
- Despite the many theories about the mechanism of adiposity and altered metabolism in long-term survivors of childhood cancer, disease- and treatment-related determinants are not often isolated from lifestyle and genetic factors. (aacrjournals.org)
- This study shows that children's adiposity and maternal IR are positively associated with children's IR. (mdpi.com)
- The subscapular skinfold was the adiposity marker associated to the highest risk. (elsevier.es)
- Cranial irradiation and television hours are important risk factors for adiposity in pediatric cancer survivors. (aacrjournals.org)
- Because treatment recommendations for each cancer diagnosis can change over time, we believe that understanding general treatment and lifestyle factors associated with adiposity, regardless of initial cancer diagnosis, will be more generalizable to pediatric cancer survivors as they age decades later. (aacrjournals.org)
- Pediatric adiposity stabilized in Switzerland between 1999 and 2012. (cambridge.org)
- The purpose of this study was to examine the assocation between lactation and maternal visceral adiposity among US women who were on average 7 years postpartum. (springer.com)
- The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child adiposity at 8 y of age and repeated urinary biomarkers of phthalate exposure collected during gestation, infancy, and childhood to determine if there are distinct periods of vulnerability when the fetus or child is more vulnerable to the potential obesogenic effects of phthalate exposure. (thefreedictionary.com)
- To minimise bias from confounding we performed a Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to examine the relationship between adiposity and CRC. (harvard.edu)
- Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults. (wellnessresources.com)
- Objective To evaluate the strength and validity of the evidence for the association between adiposity and risk of developing or dying from cancer. (bmj.com)
- In sum, the association between peripheral adiposity and favorable vascular risk factor profiles observed by Tankó et al 1 may not be due to direct atheroprotective effects of peripheral fat per se. (ahajournals.org)
- Results from studies (n 8) examining the independent association between TV-viewing and adiposity independent of physical activity were mixed. (bibsys.no)
- Those that observed a positive association between TV-viewing and adiposity independent of physical activity discussed that the association may be due to residual confounding. (bibsys.no)
- Genetic contribution to leptin-adiposity association was estimated by Cholesky decomposition models using twin design. (luriechildrens.org)
- There was no association between organized sport participation and weight status, adiposity, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages or high-fat foods. (edu.au)
- Background: Observational studies have associated adiposity with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). (harvard.edu)
- Reduced leptin levels, epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral fat pads, lower body fat, and adiposity index were observed in RT. (medsci.org)
- Visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been used as a surrogate of visceral adiposity. (bmj.com)
- Knowledge about risk factors for adiposity in cancer survivors may lead to new understandings about its causes and prevention. (aacrjournals.org)
- Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. (diva-portal.org)
- Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. (diva-portal.org)
- In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors. (diva-portal.org)