Adiposity. Medical search

The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).

Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.

An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.

Fatty tissue inside the ABDOMINAL CAVITY, including visceral fat and retroperitoneal fat. It is the most metabolically active fat in the body and easily accessible for LIPOLYSIS. Increased visceral fat is associated with metabolic complications of OBESITY.

Fatty tissue in the region of the ABDOMEN. It includes the ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT and the INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT.

The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.

The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)

A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body.

The measurement of subcutaneous fat located directly beneath the skin by grasping a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat between the thumb and forefinger and pulling it away from the underlying muscle tissue. The thickness of the double layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue is then read with a caliper. The five most frequently measured sites are the upper arm, below the scapula, above the hip bone, the abdomen, and the thigh. Its application is the determination of relative fatness, of changes in physical conditioning programs, and of the percentage of body fat in desirable body weight. (From McArdle, et al., Exercise Physiology, 2d ed, p496-8)

A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.

A condition of having excess fat in the abdomen. Abdominal obesity is typically defined as waist circumferences of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women. Abdominal obesity raises the risk of developing disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension and METABOLIC SYNDROME X.

Deposits of ADIPOSE TISSUE throughout the body. The pattern of fat deposits in the body regions is an indicator of health status. Excess ABDOMINAL FAT increases health risks more than excess fat around the hips or thighs, therefore, WAIST-HIP RATIO is often used to determine health risks.

Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen.

The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.

A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.

Glucose in blood.

Fatty tissue under the SKIN in the region of the ABDOMEN.

A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

The consumption of edible substances.

The physical characteristics of the body, including the mode of performance of functions, the activity of metabolic processes, the manner and degree of reactions to stimuli, and power of resistance to the attack of pathogenic organisms.

Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

That portion of the body that lies between the THORAX and the PELVIS.

Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.

Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the BROWN FAT. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

Consumption of excessive DIETARY FATS.

A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).

Measurements of the height, weight, length, area, etc., of the human and animal body or its parts.

Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.

Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended.

Polypeptides produced by the ADIPOCYTES. They include LEPTIN; ADIPONECTIN; RESISTIN; and many cytokines of the immune system, such as TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-6; and COMPLEMENT FACTOR D (also known as ADIPSIN). They have potent autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Cell surface receptors for obesity factor (LEPTIN), a hormone secreted by the WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Upon leptin-receptor interaction, the signal is mediated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to regulate food intake, energy balance and fat storage.

A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)

The physical measurements of a body.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.

A melanocortin receptor subtype found primarily in BRAIN. It shows specificity for ALPHA-MSH; BETA-MSH and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

BODY MASS INDEX in children (ages 2-12) and in adolescents (ages 13-18) that is grossly above the recommended cut-off for a specific age and sex. For infants less than 2 years of age, obesity is determined based on standard weight-for-length percentile measures.

Abstaining from all food.

A 28-amino acid, acylated, orexigenic peptide that is a ligand for GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTORS. Ghrelin is widely expressed but primarily in the stomach in the adults. Ghrelin acts centrally to stimulate growth hormone secretion and food intake, and peripherally to regulate energy homeostasis. Its large precursor protein, known as appetite-regulating hormone or motilin-related peptide, contains ghrelin and obestatin.

Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.

A state of insufficient flesh on the body usually defined as having a body weight less than skeletal and physical standards. Depending on age, sex, and genetic background, a BODY MASS INDEX of less than 18.5 is considered as underweight.

A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.

The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state, often as a result of physical conditioning.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.

The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.

Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.

Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.

The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.

The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Ventral part of the DIENCEPHALON extending from the region of the OPTIC CHIASM to the caudal border of the MAMMILLARY BODIES and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the THIRD VENTRICLE.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.

Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)

The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.

A historical and cultural entity dispersed across the wide geographical area of Europe, as opposed to the East, Asia, and Africa. The term was used by scholars through the late medieval period. Thereafter, with the impact of colonialism and the transmission of cultures, Western World was sometimes expanded to include the Americas. (Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)

A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

A secreted protein of approximately 131 amino acids that is related to AGOUTI SIGNALING PROTEIN and is also an antagonist of MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR activity. It is expressed primarily in the HYPOTHALAMUS and the ADRENAL GLAND. As a paracrine signaling molecule, AGRP is known to regulate food intake and body weight. Elevated AGRP has been associated with OBESITY.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.

Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.

A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.

Reduction in caloric intake without reduction in adequate nutrition. In experimental animals, caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan and enhance other physiological variables.

Physiologic mechanisms which regulate or control the appetite and food intake.

A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.

Gradual increase in the number, the size, and the complexity of cells of an individual. Growth generally results in increase in ORGAN WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT; and BODY HEIGHT.

Female parents, human or animal.

Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)

Persons living in the United States of Mexican (MEXICAN AMERICANS), Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or other Spanish culture or origin. The concept does not include Brazilian Americans or Portuguese Americans.

Maintenance of a constant blood glucose level by perfusion or infusion with glucose or insulin. It is used for the study of metabolic rates (e.g., in glucose, lipid, amino acid metabolism) at constant glucose concentration.

The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Changes in weight and lean body mass during highly active antiretroviral therapy. (1/2014)

BACKGROUND: Few studies have prospectively evaluated the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on body weight and lean body mass (LBM) or explored the impact of baseline immunologic or virological changes on these parameters. METHODS: Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) protocol 892 was a prospective, 48-week, multisite observational study of body composition conducted during 1997-2000 among 224 antiretroviral-naive and antiretroviral-experienced subjects coenrolled into various adult ACTG antiretroviral studies. Assessments included human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA load (by polymerase chain reaction); T lymphocyte subset analysis; Karnofsky score; height (baseline only); weight, LBM, and fat (by bioelectrical impedance analysis); and functional performance (by questionnaire). RESULTS: Overall, only modest median increases in body weight (1.9 kg) and LBM (0.6 kg) occurred after 16 weeks of therapy. Significantly greater median increases in body weight (2.1 vs. 0.5 kg; P=.045) occurred in subjects who achieved virological suppression (HIV-1 RNA load, <500 copies/mL) at week 16 than in subjects who did not. Subjects who were antiretroviral naive at baseline gained more weight (median increase in body weight, 2.6 vs. 0.0 kg; P<.001) and LBM (1.0 vs. 0.1 kg; P=.002) after 16 weeks of treatment than did subjects who were antiretroviral experienced. Subjects with lower baseline CD4 cell counts (<200 cells/mm3) and subjects with higher baseline HIV-1 RNA loads (> or =100,000 copies/mL) were more likely to show increases in LBM of >1.5 kg (P=.013 and P=.005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HAART had modestly favorable effects on body composition, particularly in patients with greater pretreatment immunocompromise and virological compromise. The difference between antiretroviral-naive and antiretroviral-experienced subjects with regard to the ability to achieve increased body weight and LBM requires more study. (+info)

Elevated soluble ICAM-1 levels induce immune deficiency and increase adiposity in mice. (2/2014)

Elevated soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels have been found in many pathological conditions, including obesity. To determine the effects of elevated sICAM-1 on immune responses and metabolism, we generated a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the extracellular domain of mouse ICAM-1 in the liver. The mice, showing 10-fold higher sICAM-1 levels than wild-type mice, presented elevated neutrophil count. Despite this, after intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate, neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity was reduced, and the delayed macrophage recruitment was also affected in the transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Inhibition of contact hypersensitivity response in the sICAM-1 transgenic mice was comparable to ICAM-1-deficient mice and characterized by significantly less ear swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration than in wild-type mice. sICAM-1transgenic mice were more susceptible to weight gain on a Western-type diet than wild-type mice, and older animals showed excessive fat accumulation, again reminiscent of ICAM-1-deficient mice. Together, these data indicate that sICAM-1 interferes with ICAM-1-mediated cell-cell interactions, which could produce immune-suppressant effects and alteration of metabolism in persons with high levels of this soluble adhesion receptor. (+info)

Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere attrition. (3/2014)

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance predisposes to cardiovascular disease and shortens human lifespan. We therefore tested the hypothesis that a rise in insulin resistance in concert with gain in body mass is associated with accelerated white blood cell telomere attrition. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured white blood cell telomere dynamics and age-related changes in insulin resistance and body mass index in young adults of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Over 10.1 to 12.8 years, the relative changes in telomere length were correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=-0.531, P<0.001) and changes in the body mass index (r=-0.423, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide the first tangible nexus of telomere biology with insulin resistance and adiposity in humans. (+info)

Genetic modifiers interact with Cpe(fat) to affect body weight, adiposity, and hyperglycemia. (4/2014)

Obesity and Type II diabetes are complex diseases in the human population. The existence of a large number of contributing loci and gene-gene as well as gene-environment interactions make it difficult to identify the disease genes underlying these complex traits. In mouse models of obesity and Type II diabetes such as the murine fat mutation, genetic crosses can be used to dissect the genetic complexity influencing the observed phenotypes. The underlying defect in the fat mutant is a Ser202Pro change in carboxypeptidase E (CPE), an enzyme responsible for the final proteolytic processing step of prohormone intermediates. On the HRS/J (HRS) inbred strain background, mice homozygous for the fat mutation exhibit early onset hyperinsulinemia followed by postpubertal moderate obesity without hyperglycemia. In contrast, on the C57BLKS/J (BKS) genetic background, fat/fat mice become severely obese, hyperinsulinemic, and hyperglycemic. Therefore, in the Cpe(fat) genetic model, the fat mutation is necessary but not sufficient for the development of obesity, Type II diabetes, and related metabolic disorders. To dissect the susceptibility loci responsible for modifying obesity- and diabetes-associated traits, we characterized, both genetically and phenotypically, fat/fat male progeny from a large intercross between BKS. HRS-fat/fat and HRS-+/+ mice. Four major loci were mapped, including a locus for body weight (body weight 1) on chromosome 14; a locus for hyperglycemia (fat-induced diabetes 1) on chromosome 19; a locus for hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypercholesterolemia (fat-induced diabetes 2) on chromosome 5; and a locus for adiposity and body weight (fat-induced adiposity 1) on chromosome 11. The identification of these interacting genetic determinants for obesity and Type II diabetes may allow better definition of the obesity/diabetes-related hormone signaling pathways and ultimately may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of these complex diseases. (+info)

Body mass index in relation to ovarian cancer survival. (5/2014)

Evidence for an association between indicators of adiposity and survival after ovarian cancer has been inconsistent. A prospective cohort study was conducted in China to examine the relationship between ovarian cancer survival and body mass index (BMI). From the 214 patients recruited in 1999 to 2000 with histopathologically confirmed invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, 207 patients or their close relatives (96.7% of cases) were traced and followed to 2003. Deaths were recorded and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to obtain hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from multivariate models. Reduced survival was observed among patients with BMI > or = 25 kg/m(2) at 5 years before diagnosis (P = 0.001). There were 98 (59.8%) of 164 patients with BMI <25 kg/m(2) survived to the time of interview compared with only 15 women (34.9%) among the 43 patients whose BMI was > or =25 kg/m(2). The HRs significantly increased with higher BMI at 5 years before diagnosis but not at diagnosis nor at age 21 years. The adjusted HR was 2.33 (95% CI, 1.12-4.87) for BMI of > or =25 versus <20 kg/m(2), with a significant dose-response relationship. The HR was 3.31 (95% CI, 1.26-8.73) among patients who had been overweight or obese at age 21 years, but a linear dose-response was not found. We conclude that premorbid BMI may have independent prognostic significance in ovarian cancer. (+info)

Recombinant leptin promotes atherosclerosis and thrombosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. (6/2014)

OBJECTIVE: The direct role of leptin in vascular disease remains controversial. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of leptin treatment on atherosclerosis and thrombosis in atherosclerotic-prone mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixteen-week-old, male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were treated with injections of recombinant leptin (125 microg per day IP; n=10) or vehicle (n=10) for 4 weeks. Leptin treatment resulted in reduced epididymal fat (352+/-30.7 versus 621+/-61.5 mg; P=0.005) and fasting insulin (0.57+/-0.25 versus 1.7+/-0.22 ng/mL; P=0.014). Despite these metabolic benefits, leptin treatment resulted in an increase in atherosclerosis (8.0+/-0.95% versus 5.4+/-0.59% lesion surface coverage; P<0.05). Leptin treatment also resulted in a shortened time to occlusive thrombosis after vascular injury (21+/-2.1 versus 34.6+/-5.4 minutes; P=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that exogenous leptin promotes atherosclerosis and thrombosis and support the concept that elevations of leptin may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. (+info)

Cathepsin S, a novel biomarker of adiposity: relevance to atherogenesis. (7/2014)

The molecular mechanisms by which obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate biomarkers overexpressed in adipose tissue of obese subjects that could link expanded fat mass to atherosclerosis. We compared gene expression profile in subcutaneous adipose tissue (scWAT) of 28 obese and 11 lean subjects using microarray technology. This analysis identified 240 genes significantly overexpressed in scWAT of obese subjects. The genes were then ranked according to the correlation between gene expression and body mass index (BMI). In this list, the elastolytic cysteine protease cathepsin S was among the highly correlated genes. RT-PCR and Western blotting confirmed the increase in cathepsin S mRNA (P=0.006) and protein (P<0.05) in obese scWAT. The circulating concentrations of cathepsin S were also significantly higher in obese than in nonobese subjects (P<0.0001). Both cathepsin S mRNA in scWAT and circulating levels were positively correlated with BMI, body fat, and plasma triglyceride levels. In addition, we show that the proinflammatory factors, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increase cathepsin S secretion in human scWAT explants. This study identifies cathepsin S as a novel marker of adiposity. Since this enzyme has been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, we propose that cathepsin S represents a molecular link between obesity and atherosclerosis. (+info)

Body fatness during childhood and adolescence and incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study. (8/2014)

INTRODUCTION: Body mass index (BMI) during adulthood is inversely related to the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, but the role of body fatness earlier in life is less clear. We examined prospectively the relation between body fatness during childhood and adolescence and the incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women. METHODS: Participants were 109,267 premenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study II who recalled their body fatness at ages 5, 10 and 20 years using a validated 9-level figure drawing. Over 12 years of follow up, 1318 incident cases of breast cancer were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for body fatness at each age and for average childhood (ages 5-10 years) and adolescent (ages 10-20 years) fatness. RESULTS: Body fatness at each age was inversely associated with premenopausal breast cancer incidence; the multivariate RRs were 0.48 (95% CI 0.35-0.55) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.39-0.83) for the most overweight compared with the most lean in childhood and adolescence, respectively (P for trend < 0.0001). The association for childhood body fatness was only slightly attenuated after adjustment for later BMI, with a multivariate RR of 0.52 (95% CI 0.38-0.71) for the most overweight compared with the most lean (P for trend = 0.001). Adjustment for menstrual cycle characteristics had little impact on the association. CONCLUSION: Greater body fatness during childhood and adolescence is associated with reduced incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, independent of adult BMI and menstrual cycle characteristics. (+info)

"Assessing Adiposity". Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318233bc6a. "Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages and Cardiometabolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amytis_Towfighi

Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes; Program for Injury Prevention, Education & Research. "Colorado School of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_School_of_Public_Health

Tschöp, Matthias; Smiley, David L.; Heiman, Mark L. (2000). "Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents". Nature. 407 (6806): 908-913 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Tschöp

This data suggests that ghrelin functions as an adiposity signal, a messenger between the body's energy stores and the brain. ... Lall S, Tung LY, Ohlsson C, Jansson JO, Dickson SL (January 2001). "Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by ... Tschöp M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML (October 2000). "Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents". Nature. 407 (6806): 908-13. Bibcode: ... April 2016). "Enhanced responsiveness of Ghsr Q343X rats to ghrelin results in enhanced adiposity without increased appetite" ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghrelin

Fontana, L; Klein, S (2007). "Aging, adiposity, and calorie restriction". JAMA. 297 (9): 986-94. doi:10.1001/jama.297.9.986. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Fontana_(medical_researcher)

November 2001). "Partial leptin deficiency and human adiposity". Nature. 414 (6859): 34-5. Bibcode:2001Natur.414...34F. doi: ... evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks". Science. 269 (5223): 546-49. Bibcode:1995Sci ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptin

Bachmanov AA, Reed DR, Tordoff MG, Price RA, Beauchamp GK (March 2001). "Nutrient preference and diet-induced adiposity in ... Montague CT, O'Rahilly S (June 2000). "The perils of portliness: causes and consequences of visceral adiposity". Diabetes. 49 ( ... "Caloric restriction leads to high marrow adiposity and low bone mass in growing mice". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 25 ... "The effect of diet or exercise on ectopic adiposity in children and adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissue

... depletion kinetics are correlated with adiposity". Int J Food Sci Nutr. 60 (s3): 65-75. doi:10.1080/09637480902852553. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juice_Plus

The effect of abdominal adiposity occurs not just in those who are obese, but also affects people who are non-obese and it also ... The effect of abdominal adiposity occurs not just in those who are obese, but also affects people who are non-obese and it also ... A large central adiposity deposit has been assigned many common use names, including; "spare tire", "tummy", "gut", "paunch" ... Increased adiposity (obesity) raises serum resistin levels, which in turn directly correlate to insulin resistance. Studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_obesity

Shelton RC, Miller AH (2011). "Inflammation in depression: is adiposity a cause?". Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 13 (1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin–norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor

... and children's adiposity and eating style". Pediatrics. 94 (5): 653-61. PMID 7936891. Birch, L. L.; Fisher, J. O. (1998). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leann_Birch

Edelstein ZR, Farrow DC, Bronner MP, Rosen SN, Vaughan TL (August 2007). "Central adiposity and risk of Barrett's esophagus". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett's_esophagus

EP4 receptor-depleted mice exhibit slower weight gain; reduced adiposity upon high fat diet challenge; and shortened life span ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_EP4_receptor

Wardle, J; Chida, Y; Gibson, EL; Whitaker, KL; Steptoe, A (2011). "Stress and adiposity: a meta-analysis of longitudinal ... Gomes-Santos, E (2014). "Increased visceral adiposity and cortisol to cortisone ratio in adults with congenital isolated GH ... Samaras, K; Campbell, LV (1997). "The non-genetic determinants of central adiposity". International Journal of Obesity and ... that a complex set of biological and neuroendocrine pathways related to cortisol secretion contribute to central adiposity, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waist–hip_ratio

Ness, Roberta (1 January 1991). "Adiposity and age of menarche in Hispanic women". American Journal of Human Biology. 3 (1): 41 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father–Daughter_Day

Sam S (February 2015). "Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome". Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig. 21 (2 ... "Mediators of inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome in relation to adiposity". Mediators Inflamm. 2010: 1-5. doi:10.1155/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome

"Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity". Annals of Internal Medicine. 153 (7): 435-41. doi:10.7326/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weight_loss

Sam S (February 2015). "Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome". Hormone Molecular Biology and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androstanolone

It reduced weight gain, adiposity, and fatty liver; decreased blood levels of cholesterol, sugar, HbA1c, insulin, and leptin; ... Tucker K, Overton JM, Fadool DA (August 2008). "Kv1.3 gene-targeted deletion alters longevity and reduces adiposity by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichodactyla_toxin

Ness, Roberta (1991-01-01). "Adiposity and age of menarche in Hispanic women". American Journal of Human Biology. 3 (1): 41-47 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_absence

This varies substantially by age, sex, and adiposity. In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_the_human_body

This regulates adiposity, insulin resistance, and caloric expenditure. Dysregulation of this causes persistent type 1 ... and increased adiposity. The frequency of ILC2s is higher in the inflamed skin of patients with atopic dermatitis than in ... resulting in reduced energy expenditure and increased adiposity. In addition to ILC2s, ILC1s contribute to the homeostasis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_lymphoid_cell

... adiposity and leptin action". Nature Medicine. 12 (8): 917-924. doi:10.1038/nm1435. ISSN 1546-170X. PMID 16845389. S2CID ... adiposity and leptin action". Nature Medicine. 12 (8): 917-924. doi:10.1038/nm1435. ISSN 1546-170X. PMID 16845389. S2CID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirela_Delibegovic

2016). "Changes in Skeletal Integrity and Marrow Adiposity during High-Fat Diet and after Weight Loss". Frontiers in ... August 2012). "Increased marrow adiposity in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis". The Journal of Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrow_adipose_tissue

Bays, H; Ballantyne, C. (2006). "Adiposopathy: why do adiposity and obesity cause metabolic disease?". Future Lipidology. 1 (4 ... adiposity) but must also correct fat dysfunction (adiposopathy)." This is in recognition that the use of weight loss therapies ... "Pathogenic potential of adipose tissue and metabolic consequences of adipocyte hypertrophy and increased visceral adiposity". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiposopathy

Gaida JE, Ashe MC, Bass SL, Cook JL (2009). "Is adiposity an under-recognized risk factor for tendinopathy? A systematic review ... Obesity, or more specifically, adiposity or fatness, has also been linked to an increasing incidence of tendinopathy. The most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendinopathy

Yang D, Krois CR, Huang P, Wang J, Min J, Yoo HS, Deng Y, Napoli JL (November 2, 2017). "Raldh1 promotes adiposity during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_dehydrogenase

"Increased adiposity in animals due to a human virus". Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 24 (8): 989-96. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenovirus_serotype_36

Body adiposity index Body mass index Waist-to-height ratio Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia, Audrey H. Ensminger, Marion Eugene ... Babar, Sultan (March 2016). "The Use of Adiposity Indices for Wide Receivers From 2015 NFL Combine". Clinical Journal of Sport ... "Evaluating the Performance of 4 Indices in Determining Adiposity". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. Lippincott Williams & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpulence_index

Ukkola O, Santaniemi M (November 2002). "Adiponectin: a link between excess adiposity and associated comorbidities?". Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiponectin

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=adiposity&oldid=51828693" ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/adiposity

"The body adiposity index (hip circumference ÷ height(1.5)) is not a more accurate measure of adiposity than is BMI, waist ... The body adiposity index (BAI) is a method of estimating the amount of body fat in humans. The BAI is calculated without using ... Adiposity indexes that include the waist circumference (for example waist-to-height ratio WHtR) may be better than BAI and BMI ... 2013). "Body Adiposity Index and Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors in Caucasians: A Comparison with the Body Mass Index and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_adiposity_index

16 synonyms of adiposity from the Merriam-Webster Thesaurus, plus 7 related words, definitions, and antonyms. Find another word ... Learn More about adiposity. Share adiposity Post more words for adiposity to Facebook Share more words for adiposity on Twitter ... More from Merriam-Webster on adiposity Medical Dictionary: Definition of adiposity. Comments on adiposity What made you want to ... beneath that adiposity of flesh lay a nobility of spirit that only the wisest could discern Synonyms for adiposity ...

https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/adiposity

However, she noted that the lower overall risk of prostate cancer in men with greater adiposity was driven by a substantially ... Cite this: Adiposity Linked to Aggressive Prostate Cancer and Death - Medscape - Jun 02, 2016. ... men who have greater adiposity have an elevated risk of high-grade prostate cancer and prostate-cancer death." ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/864199

Measures of adiposity (Body Mass Index [BMI], abdominal height, waist circumference) and de ... Previous research suggests that adiposity is a health problem among police officers. Stress is also a concern in police work ... Measures of adiposity (Body Mass Index [BMI], abdominal height, waist circumference) and depressive symptoms (Center for ... No significant associations were found between CES-D score and adiposity in women officers (p = 0.075 for BMI, p = 0.317 for ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20041193.html

... JAMA. 2007 Mar 7;297(9):986-94. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.9.986. ... adiposity, and obesity; hand search of journals that focus on obesity, geriatrics, or aging; and search of reference lists of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17341713/?dopt=Abstract

Adiposity and Metabolic Indicators. High total adiposity was defined based on BAZ (weight/height2; kg/m2) by using the World ... Changes in Adiposity From Prepuberty to Puberty-Onset. We observed an increase in indicators of adiposity, such as weight (Δ = ... Effects of Prepubertal Adiposity on Serum-25(OH)D Changes During Puberty-Onset. Total and central adiposity were inversely ... In adults, vitamin D is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance. Puberty is a period of physiologic adiposity and ...

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/06/21/peds.2016-0076

The purpose of this study was to examine the assocation between lactation and maternal visceral adiposity among US women who ... Computed tomography was used to assess abdominal adiposity. History of lactation was self-reported. Visceral adiposity was ... The purpose of this study was to examine the assocation between lactation and maternal visceral adiposity among US women who ... greater visceral adiposity than mothers who consistently breastfed all their children for 3 or more months. This study found ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10995-011-0758-0

Hayashi T, Boyko EJ, Leonetti DL, McNeely MJ, Newell-Morris L, Kahn SE, Fujimoto WY: Visceral adiposity and the risk of ... Boyko EJ, Fujimoto WY, Leonetti DL, Newell-Morris L: Visceral adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study among ... Lundgren H, Bengtsson C, Blohme G, Lapidus L, Sjostrom L: Adiposity and adipose tissue distribution in relation to incidence of ... Hayashi T, Boyko EJ, McNeely MJ, Leonetti DL, Kahn SE, Fujimoto WY: Visceral adiposity, not abdominal subcutaneous fat area, is ...

https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/57/5/1153?ijkey=527fb6bffe13609828ab2308388400554f245b5f&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

CT analysis showed that BMI was positively correlated with visceral adiposity, subcutaneous adiposity, and muscle mass, and ... Subcutaneous adiposity and muscle mass were not associated with the risk of MACE, and the associations were not affected by ... Visceral adiposity was, in contrast, was significantly associated with MACE, at a multivariate adjusted hazard ratio for the ... Cite this: Body Adiposity, Not BMI, Key to CV Risk in Colorectal Cancer - Medscape - May 21, 2019. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/913282

Body adiposity index calculator helps check if you are obese. ... Body adiposity index or body fat percentage calculator gives ... Body Adiposity Index , Body Fat Percentage Calculator. Body Adiposity Index , Body Fat Percentage Calculator. .rate-avg {font- ... Body Adiposity Index (BAI), directly gives your body fat percentage. Fat percentage gives you a clear idea of your physical ...

https://www.medindia.net/patients/calculators/body-adiposity-index.asp

... Nature. 2000 Oct 19;407(6806):908-13. doi: 10.1038/35038090. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11057670/

Objective The findings from epidemiological studies addressing the association between adiposity and the risk of colorectal ... Adiposity Abdominal adiposity Colorectal adenomatous polyps Meta-analysis This is a preview of subscription content, log in to ... When all studies were pooled, the odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) of adiposity and abdominal adiposity for colorectal ... Overall, we found that adiposity and abdominal adiposity significantly increased the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps in a ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10552-011-9777-9

FAT10 impacts adiposity and aging. Allon Canaan, Jason DeFuria, Eddie Perelman, Vincent Schultz, Montrell Seay, David Tuck, ... FAT10 impacts adiposity and aging. Allon Canaan, Jason DeFuria, Eddie Perelman, Vincent Schultz, Montrell Seay, David Tuck, ... Extended lifespan and reduced adiposity in mice lacking the FAT10 gene Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from ... Extended lifespan and reduced adiposity in mice lacking the FAT10 gene. Allon Canaan, Jason DeFuria, Eddie Perelman, Vincent ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/03/20/1323426111

Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 function protects mice against adiposity. James M. Ntambi, Makoto Miyazaki, Jonathan P. ... Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 function protects mice against adiposity. James M. Ntambi, Makoto Miyazaki, Jonathan P. ... Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 function protects mice against adiposity Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message ... In contrast to human subjects and several mouse models of lipodystrophy (33-36), the loss of adiposity in the SCD1−/− mice led ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/99/17/11482?ijkey=af3018c11e7bdd754ee50d9927ac923b8e4c052e&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... Suruchi Mishra,1 Tamara B. Harris,2 Trisha Hue,3 ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2013/327079/citations/

... Haijun Li,1 E. Bai,2 Yong Zhang,1 Zhuoqi Jia,1 ... Visceral adiposity was defined by waist circumference or VFA. eNampt in sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ... C. L. Donohoe, S. L. Doyle, S. McGarrigle et al., "Role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 axis and visceral adiposity in ... P. Beddy, J. Howard, C. McMahon et al., "Association of visceral adiposity with oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinomas," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2017/3970605/

Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity.. Cho I1, Yamanishi S, Cox L, Methé BA, Zavadil J, ... Microbiology: Antibiotics and adiposity. [Nature. 2012]. *Gut microbiota: adding weight to the microbiotas role in obesity-- ... We generated a model of adiposity by giving subtherapeutic antibiotic therapy to young mice and evaluated changes in the ... Administration of subtherapeutic antibiotic therapy increased adiposity in young mice and increased hormone levels related to ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22914093?dopt=Abstract

Cardiorespiratory fitness, different measures of adiposity, and cancer mortality in men.. Farrell SW1, Cortese GM, LaMonte MJ, ... Adjustment of CRF for adiposity measures had little effect on mortality risk. When grouped into categories of fit and unfit ( ... Higher levels of CRF are associated with lower cancer mortality risk in men, independently of several adiposity measures. ... different measures of adiposity, and cancer mortality in men. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18198325?dopt=Abstract

Early Adiposity Rebound and the Risk of Adult Obesity. Robert C. Whitaker, Margaret S. Pepe, Jeffrey A. Wright, Kristy D. ... Early Adiposity Rebound and the Risk of Adult Obesity. Robert C. Whitaker, Margaret S. Pepe, Jeffrey A. Wright, Kristy D. ... Early Adiposity Rebound and the Risk of Adult Obesity. Robert C. Whitaker, Margaret S. Pepe, Jeffrey A. Wright, Kristy D. ... Early Adiposity Rebound and the Risk of Adult Obesity Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message from American Academy ...

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/101/3/e5.full

Adiposity index.. Adiposity index, an index of visceral adiposity, was computed according to Taylor et al. (25). The wet ... Changes of adiposity in response to vitamin A status correlate with changes of PPAR gamma 2 expression. Obes Res 2001;9:500-509 ... HSD1 and leptin may underlie enhanced body adiposity (fat percentage and visceral adiposity) in the offspring. ... which indicate that maternal Cr restriction increased adiposity, especially visceral adiposity, in offspring and may therefore ...

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/59/1/98

... May 10, 2006, 02:47, Reviewed by: Dr. Priya Saxena. ... Development of adiposity in adolescence: five year longitudinal study of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of ...

http://www.rxpgnews.com/research/metabolism/obesity/article_4266.shtml

More From BioPortfolio on "Adiposity and Fat Patterning in Black Americans". *Related Companies*Related Events*Related Clinical ... Since there are known racial differences in growth rates, body proportions, and adiposity, it cannot be assumed that studies ... Adiposity and Fat Patterning in Black Americans. 2014-08-27 03:57:57 , BioPortfolio ... and total adiposity and the dependent variables of diabetes, blood pressure, plasma lipids and glucose, and left ventricular ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/125165/Adiposity-and-Fat-Patterning-in-Black-Americans.html

Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature BMJ 2017; 356 :j477 ... Adiposity, hormone replacement therapy use and breast cancer risk by age and hormone receptor status: a large prospective ... Some of the meta-analyses that used continuous measures of adiposity were published as long ago as 2008, which may mean that we ... Weight gain may be a better metric than body mass index for measuring the dynamic nature of adiposity during adulthood, when ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.j477.full

Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trisha J. Brock, John Browse and Jennifer L ... Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trisha J. Brock, John Browse and Jennifer L ... Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Trisha J. Brock, John Browse and Jennifer L ... Fatty Acid Desaturation and the Regulation of Adiposity in Caenorhabditis elegans Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a ...

https://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/865.abstract

Moreover, BMI at the age of adiposity rebound partially mediated the relationship between adiposity in childhood (baseline) and ... BMI at the age of adiposity rebound partially mediated all indicators of adiposity from childhood (baseline) to adolescence (3 ... Body adiposity was estimated through the subcutaneous skinfold method, with measures of triceps (TRSF) and subscapular ... The significance level adopted was 5%. Adiposity indicators increased during the 3 years of follow-up in both sexes (p,0.05). ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0191908

Abdominal adiposity is strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk (1) and all-cause mortality (2 ... Association of Lifestyle Factors With Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Adiposity. The Framingham Heart Study. Esther A. ... Estrogens are implicated in the pathogenesis of adiposity, as postmenopausal women tend to have increased visceral abdominal ... with prior cross-sectional and prospective studies that documented similar findings using conventional measures of adiposity (4 ...

https://care.diabetesjournals.org/node/18398.full.print

The complications that result from adiposity under these influences are adiposity-based chronic diseases, such as diabetes and ... adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD)--as a new diagnostic term.3 Adiposity, which has been defined as total body fat, its ... Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease as a New Diagnostic Term: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American ... Time to Redefine Obesity as Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease (ABCD). Written by J. Michael Gonzalez-Campoy MD, PhD, FACE ...

https://www.endocrineweb.com/amp/56888

... by Bidita Debnath on January 9, 2014 at 11:49 PM ... the hypothesis and show that the percentage of dietary fat is significantly linked to an increase in abdominal adiposity and ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/dietary-fat-significantly-linked-to-an-increase-in-abdominal-adiposity-130262-1.htm

Adiposity and metabolic profiles included BMI, waist circumference, waist to height ratio (WHR), triglyceride levels and ... Limited data informs the optimal adiposity measurement post-stroke to target those at highest recurrent risk. This study aims ... Conclusion: Waist circumference and triglyceride levels should form a minimum dataset for adiposity when considering ... to identify adiposity measurement/s post-stroke that best predict cardiovascular and co-morbid risk. Subjects and Methods: 142 ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=52767

New obesity scale proposed (Ottawa Citizen, originally Reuters) Body Adiposity Index Utilization in a Spanish Mediterranean Population: Comparison with the Body Mass Index. (wikipedia.org)
2 , 3 Recently, we have observed in prepubertal Chilean children that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25[OH]D) was inversely associated with key indicators of adiposity (total and central) and IR, and that the conventional cutoff of optimal-25(OH)D status (≥30 ng/mL) is adequate to assess obesity and IR risk in this age group. (aappublications.org)
we hypothesize that independent changes in serum-25(OH)D concentration or adiposity (ie, suboptimal-25[OH]D or obesity per se) may result in an increased IR. (aappublications.org)
Gut microbiota: adding weight to the microbiota's role in obesity--exposure to antibiotics early in life can lead to increased adiposity. (nih.gov)
CONCLUSIONS Chronic maternal Cr restriction increased body adiposity probably due to increased stress and altered lipid metabolism in WNIN rat offspring, which may predispose them to obesity and associated diseases in later life. (diabetesjournals.org)
Direct evaluations of adiposity and comparisons to contemporary controls that can differentiate recent trends in obesity from cancer-related treatments and sequelae are limited. (aacrjournals.org)
With the increasing rates of obesity in children in the United States ( 12 , 13 ) and its emerging importance on cardiovascular health ( 14 ), attributing adiposity to cancer-specific factors without comparison to children with comparable genetic and environmental conditions may produce misleading results. (aacrjournals.org)
Trends in adiposity in Brazilian 7-10-year-old schoolchildren: evidence for increasing overweight but not obesity between 2002 and 2007. (cambridge.org)
Both measured and self-reported data were used to examine adiposity (including body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity, waist-to-hip ratio and fat mass) and food frequency questionnaires were used to assess diet quality. (mdpi.com)
have introduced a new index of adiposity, namely, body adiposity index (BAI), as a marker of obesity excess body fat in clinical practice. (isciii.es)
In this position statement, AACE and ACE introduce Adiposity-Based Chronic Disease (ABCD) as a new diagnostic term for obesity that identifies a chronic disease, alludes to a precise pathophysiologic basis, and avoids the stigmata and confusion related to the differential use and multiple meanings of the term "obesity. (aace.com)
Excess maternal circulating nutrients, as in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes, have been associated with fetal overgrowth (macrosomia) and greater adiposity at birth (Catalano et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
Dr. Harold Bays, Chair for the National Lipid Association's expert panel on Adiposity, Obesity, and Dyslipidemia, discusses with host Dr. Alan Brown the panel's consensus statement published in the Journal of Clinical Lipidology . (reachmd.com)
Whole, fresh fruit probably does not contribute to obesity and may have a place in the prevention and management of excess adiposity. (frontiersin.org)
Obesity has long been considered a risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but over the past 20 yr, it has become increasingly apparent that it is abdominal adiposity that is more closely associated with disease risk. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
1-7 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ Evidence for an effect of complex nervous system interactions involving autonomic dysfunction on appetite regulation and energy metabolism, 8 as well as recent observations that obesity in humans is related to the depletion of striatal dopamine receptor availability, 9 suggests that nigrostriatal system disorders are associated with PD and adiposity. (neurology.org)
While the commonly used BMI cut-offs for obesity showed showed a high specificity (0.93) to detect high adiposity, the sensitivity was much lower (0.73) - particularly in boys. (drsharma.ca)
Diagnostic performance of body mass index to identify obesity as defined by body adiposity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (drsharma.ca)
While body mass index (BMI) correctly identifies adiposity in most youth with class 2 and 3 obesity, a relatively high degree of discordance was observed in youth with obesity and overweight, according to a recent study. (mdedge.com)
Nearly all youth with class 3 obesity and a high proportion of those with class 2 obesity had excess adiposity. (mdedge.com)
There was significant discordance between BMI characterization and DXA-derived excess adiposity among youth with class 1 obesity or overweight. (mdedge.com)
Utility of body mass index in identifying excess adiposity in youth across the obesity spectrum. (mdedge.com)
The current study extends the data already observed in adults and college students showing that BMI accurately correlates with adiposity among those who are very obese (class II and III), but is not an accurate predictor of lean and fat body mass in those who are overweight or with class I obesity. (mdedge.com)
Age (a) decreases physical activity (PA) increasing obesity (O) but nor associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (F), adiposity (A), nor relation between skeletal muscle mass (SMMI),body fat (BF) and all-cause mortality(M) in Elderly(E) was examined. (ovid.com)
Background: Excess adiposity, which affects 69% of US adults, increases coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in an association that manifests below conventional obesity cut points. (unc.edu)
We investigated overall obesity and abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), a large prospective cohort of approximately half a million men and women from ten European countries. (diva-portal.org)

Measures of adiposity (Body Mass Index [BMI], abdominal height, waist circumference) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression [CES-D] scale) were obtained from a random sample of 115 officers in an urban police department. (cdc.gov)
No significant associations were found between CES-D score and adiposity in women officers (p = 0.075 for BMI, p = 0.317 for abdominal height, p = 0.114 for waist circumference). (cdc.gov)
Computed tomography was used to assess abdominal adiposity. (springer.com)
Overall, we found that adiposity and abdominal adiposity significantly increased the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps in a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. (springer.com)
Cross-sectional relationships were estimated between anthropometric measures of body dimensions such as abdominal, central and upper body fat patterning, and total adiposity and the dependent variables of diabetes, blood pressure, plasma lipids and glucose, and left ventricular wall thickness. (bioportfolio.com)
Abdominal adiposity is strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk ( 1 ) and all-cause mortality ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
The results of this study have confirmed the hypothesis and show that the percentage of dietary fat is significantly linked to an increase in abdominal adiposity and that this relation is also independent of the levels of physical exercise adolescents do. (medindia.net)
To examine the relationship between birth weight (BW) and abdominal adiposity in adolescents. (diabetesjournals.org)
Abdominal adiposity (in three regions: R1, R2, and R3), trunk and total body fat mass (FM) were measured by DXA. (diabetesjournals.org)
Our study shows an inverse association between BW and abdominal adiposity in adolescents, independently of total FM and other potential confounders. (diabetesjournals.org)
These findings suggest that fetal nutrition, as reflected by BW, may have a programming effect on abdominal adiposity later in life. (diabetesjournals.org)
Of the adiposity indices accessed abdominal fat mass was the best predictor of stroke in women (hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.23-2.24 per standard deviation increase), whereas the ratio of gynoid fat to total fat mass was associated with a decreased risk of stroke (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.54-0.96). (diva-portal.org)
Abdominal fat mass was the only of the adiposity indices assessed that was found to be a significant predictor of stroke in men (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.06-2.09). (diva-portal.org)
New research released at the Congress from the INternational Study of Prediction of Intra-abdominal adiposity and its RElationships with cardioMEtabolic risk/Intra-Abdominal Adiposity (INSPIRE ME IAA) supports the ICCR's position. (thefreedictionary.com)
Physical activity and all-cause mortality across levels of overall and abdominal adiposity in European men and women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study (EPIC). (thefreedictionary.com)
Previously, we performed two separate genome-wide investigations for adiposity-related traits (BMI, percentage body fat (%BF), abdominal circumference (ABDCIR), and serum leptin and serum adiponectin levels) in families from American Samoa and in families from Samoa. (rti.org)
The primary aim of this study was to test whether the favorable associations of leg fat with risk factors for cardiovascular disease persist after controlling for the highly unfavorable effects of abdominal (visceral or sc) adiposity in postmenopausal women. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
However, after controlling for either visceral or sc abdominal adiposity, TG was the only risk factor for which the favorable effect of leg fat persisted. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The lack of an association between leg fat and most of the risk factors, after adjusting for abdominal visceral or sc fat, suggests an overriding deleterious influence of abdominal adiposity on cardiovascular risk. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
To examine the relationships between of four measures of adiposity, namely waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and subscapular and abdominal skinfolds, with different cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. (elsevier.es)
The subscapular and abdominal skinfolds, WC, and BMI were measured to assess adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) were assessed by measuring systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP), glucose, triglycerides (TG), and high density (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Dichotomous variables were created based on whether or not the subjects were in the upper quartile (Q4) for the WC, BMI, and skinfold variables. (elsevier.es)
Short-term CPAP treatment does not affect general, abdominal or intra-hepatic adiposity. (ersjournals.com)
Eligibility criteria for selecting studies We included randomised controlled trials ≥3 weeks assessing the effect of pasta alone or in the context of low-GI dietary patterns on measures of global (body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat) and regional (waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD)) adiposity in adults. (bmj.com)
No studies have investigated abdominal adiposity in relation to SIC. (diva-portal.org)
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that this pattern of adiposity is the result of overfeeding, such that subcutaneous fat depots have become filled, leading to overflow directed at abdominal and retroperitoneal sites. (onlinejacc.org)

Eligibility criteria Systematic reviews or meta-analyses of observational studies that evaluated the association between indices of adiposity and risk of developing or dying from cancer. (bmj.com)
Results 204 meta-analyses investigated associations between seven indices of adiposity and developing or dying from 36 primary cancers and their subtypes. (bmj.com)
While regular moderate-to-vigorous activity is associated with lower total body fat in children and adolescents, it is unknown how physical activity relates to other adiposity indices, including VAT. (ahajournals.org)
In addition to classic measures and related indices such as Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), different studies have suggested and used Conicity Index (CoI), Waist-Height Ratio (WHeR), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), as well as other measures as adiposity indicators in elderly individuals. (scielo.br)
All children's adiposity indices ( r = 0.309-0.318, all P -value = 0.001) and maternal levels of fasting insulin ( r = 0.285, P -value = 0.003) and HOMA-IR ( r = 0.290, P -value = 0.002) were positively correlated with children's HOMA-IR level. (mdpi.com)
We assessed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), conventional risk factors including adiposity indices, and metabo. (medworm.com)
Cross-sectional study with 501 individuals (female/male = 387/114), which underwent anthropometric measurements and body composition for subsequent calculation of adiposity indices. (isciii.es)
Future studies should seek to expand this study by adopting the gold standard methods such as DXA and it is necessary to extend the investigation of the validity of adiposity indices to different ethnic groups. (isciii.es)
We used a Mendelian randomization approach, applying a set of 32 genetic markers to estimate the causal effect of adiposity on blood pressure, glycemic indices, circulating lipid levels, and markers of inflammation and liver disease in up to 67,553 individuals. (diva-portal.org)

Central adiposity and subclinical cardiovascular disease in police officers. (cdc.gov)
RESULTS Maternal Cr restriction significantly increased body weight and fat percentage, especially the central adiposity in both male and female offspring. (diabetesjournals.org)
Many studies report that central adiposity correlates strongly with insulin resistance ( 5 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
It is well known, for example, that supraphysiologic levels of glucocorticoids, as seen in Cushing syndrome, increase central adiposity at the expense of peripheral adiposity and muscle mass. (ahajournals.org)
To our great surprise, we have found that in all 4 groups, women with central adiposity had the highest bone mineral density (BMD) and the highest amount of muscle mass on the legs. (ahajournals.org)
These data do not support the hypothesis of increased or central adiposity in infants fed a nutrient-enriched formula after hospital discharge. (biomedsearch.com)
In both sexes, there was an approximate log-linear relationship between measures of general and central adiposity and the risk of MI. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
Sanne A.E. Peters, PhD, from the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, and colleagues examined sex-specific correlations between measures of general and central adiposity and the risk of incident MI. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
While general and central adiposity measures each have profound deleterious effects on the risk of MI in both sexes, increases in waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio conferred a greater excess risk of MI in women than men," the authors write. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
Peters SAE, Bots SH, Woodward M. Sex differences in the association between measures of general and central adiposity and the risk of myocardial infarction: results from the UK biobank . (endocrinologyadvisor.com)

In adults, vitamin D is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance. (aappublications.org)
1 Vitamin D status has been linked to adiposity and insulin resistance (IR), particularly in adults. (aappublications.org)
Here we show that mice with a targeted disruption of the SCD1 isoform have reduced body adiposity, increased insulin sensitivity, and are resistant to diet-induced weight gain. (pnas.org)
Gluten-free diet reduces adiposity, inflammation and insulin resistance associated with the induction of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma expression. (greenmedinfo.com)
Our data support the beneficial effects of gluten-free diets in reducing adiposity gain, inflammation and insulin resistance. (greenmedinfo.com)
Tankó et al 1 observed that peripheral adiposity in elderly women may be associated with a relatively reduced risk of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and vascular calcification. (ahajournals.org)
In contrast, older Ankb R1788W/R1788W and Ankb L1622I/L1622I mice developed increased adiposity, a phenotype that was reproduced in cultured adipocytes, and insulin resistance. (jci.org)
The relationship between insulin sensitivity and surrogates for adiposity in youth. (rti.org)
The results indicate that all the surrogates for adiposity are useful for assessing the risk of insulin resistance. (rti.org)
Visceral adiposity index (VAI) and triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio are the practical markers of atherosclerosis and insulin resistance and independent predictors of cardiaovascular risk. (scielo.br)
Changes in dietary intake, adiposity and fasting biochemistry (glucose, insulin, lipids) were compared with controls who maintained habitual feeding patterns. (cambridge.org)
OSA is associated with features typical of the metabolic syndrome, i.e. insulin resistance, smouldering systemic inflammation and excessive visceral adiposity [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Skeletal muscle-targeted Lrrc8a KO mice have smaller myofibers, generate less force ex vivo, and exhibit reduced exercise endurance, associated with increased adiposity under basal conditions, and glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when raised on a high-fat diet, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. (elifesciences.org)
These results reveal that the LRRC8 complex regulates insulin-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle to influence skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro and skeletal myofiber size, muscle function, adiposity and systemic metabolism in vivo. (elifesciences.org)

Increased Bone Marrow Adiposity in a Context of Energy Deficit: The Tip of the Iceberg? (frontiersin.org)
Elevated bone marrow adiposity (BMA) is defined as an increase in the proportion of the bone marrow (BM) cavity volume occupied by adipocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Bone marrow adiposity (BMA) is defined as the proportion of the BM cavity volume occupied by adipocytes. (frontiersin.org)
This study is going to be the first to focus on changes in body composition (fat mass and lean mass), bone mineral density and bone marrow adiposity under tofacitinib. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Body weight and adiposity gains, leukocyte rolling and adhesion, macrophage infiltration and cytokine production in adipose tissue were assessed. (greenmedinfo.com)
Adiposity is defined as an accumulation of excess adipose tissue composed of adipocytes, or fat cells. (aacc.org)
Adiposity develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, a balance affected by both orexigenic (hunger inducing) and anorexigenic (satiety inducing) signals-some of which are hormones that adipose tissue itself secretes. (aacc.org)
Cripps, R. L. and Ozanne, S. E. (2010) Early-Life Programming of Adipogenesis and Adiposity, in Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease (eds T. Leff and J. G. Granneman), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. (wiley.com)
Variation in visceral adiposity (VAT or Visceral Adipose Tissue) in cm² [ Time Frame: Between the measurement before and after 6 months of tofacitinib treatment (difference before/after). (clinicaltrials.gov)
In this study, we investigated the effects of Ashitaba extract on adiposity in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet and its underlying mechanisms based on adipose tissue and hepatic lipid metabolism. (rsc.org)
In conclusion, Ashitaba extract can possibly prevent adiposity through modulating lipid metabolism through phosphorylation of AMPK in adipose tissue and liver. (rsc.org)

The BAI could be a good tool to measure adiposity due, at least in part, to the advantages over other more complex mechanical or electrical systems. (wikipedia.org)
Of the 95 meta-analyses that included cohort studies and used a continuous scale to measure adiposity, only 12 (13%) associations for nine cancers were supported by strong evidence. (bmj.com)
However, only 95 of the meta-analyses used cohort studies that used a continuous scale to measure adiposity , such as body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, or waist-to-hip ratio. (thefreedictionary.com)

Instead, the researchers found that visceral adiposity obtained from CT imaging taken at diagnosis was significantly associated with cardiovascular outcomes. (medscape.com)
(6) found that visceral adiposity and, in particular, retroperitoneal fat were uniquely and selectively correlated with incident hypertension. (onlinejacc.org)

In an effort to shift the emphasis from a medical diagnostic focus to one that recognizes the pathophysiological effects of excess weight, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and the American College of Endocrinology (ACE) published a position statement , arguing for--adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD)--as a new diagnostic term. (endocrineweb.com)
To determine whether sleep restriction attenuates the effect of a reduced-calorie diet on excess adiposity. (annals.org)
Current evidence suggests that whole, fresh fruit consumption is unlikely to contribute to excess energy intake and adiposity, but rather has little effect on these outcomes or constrains them modestly. (frontiersin.org)
Sucrose and other simple sugars with a sweet taste, henceforth "sugar," have long been suspected as a culprit in energy overconsumption and excess adiposity. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, assuming that bod fatness or adiposity is indeed a clinically useful measure of health, the use of BMI alone will 'underdiagnose' adiposity in a significant proportion of kids (especially boys) who may well be at risk from excess fat. (drsharma.ca)
Cardiometabolic risk factors are increased in the presence of excess adiposity, regardless of cutpoint used. (mdedge.com)
Which is the best adiposity index for the detection of excess weight? (isciii.es)
Investigation of the association of excess adiposity with three different outcomes: all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and incident CHD. (unboundmedicine.com)
In this study excess adiposity was associated with an increased risk of incident CHD but not necessarily death. (unboundmedicine.com)

The study of over 140,000 men from eight countries showed that there was a linear association between BMI and waist circumference and high-grade prostate cancer and prostate-cancer death, with the risks increasing by more than 10% with each stepwise increase in adiposity. (medscape.com)
Adiposity indexes that include the waist circumference (for example waist-to-height ratio WHtR) may be better than BAI and BMI in evaluating metabolic and cardiovascular risk in both clinical practice and research. (wikipedia.org)
Visceral adiposity was defined by waist circumference or VFA. (hindawi.com)
Adiposity and metabolic profiles included BMI, waist circumference, waist to height ratio (WHR), triglyceride levels and hypertriglyceridemic waist. (scirp.org)
Conclusion: Waist circumference and triglyceride levels should form a minimum dataset for adiposity when considering cardiovascular and comorbid risk post-stroke. (scirp.org)
Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a mathematical model based on simple anthropometric [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)] and metabolic [triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] parameters and is considered as a simple surrogate marker of visceral adipose dysfunction ( 12 ). (scielo.br)

Cardiorespiratory fitness, different measures of adiposity, and cancer mortality in men. (nih.gov)
The purpose was to examine the prospective relationship among cardiorespiratory fitness level (CRF), different measures of adiposity, and cancer mortality in men. (nih.gov)
The percentage of variation in CAVI explained by its relation to the different measures of adiposity ranges from 5.8% (CUN-BAE) to 3.7% (BRI). (bmj.com)

At 5 to 6 years of age, body fatness normally declines to a minimum, a point called adiposity rebound (AR), before increasing again into adulthood. (aappublications.org)
The point of maximal leanness or minimal BMI has been called the adiposity rebound (AR). (aappublications.org)
however, a number of contributors have been identified, including reduced physical activity ( 7 ), cranial irradiation with identified or presumed hormonal dysregulation ( 8 , 9 ), family risk factors ( 10 ), and early adiposity rebound ( 11 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Time trends in BMI, body fatness, and adiposity rebound among boys from Kraków (Poland) from 1983 to 2010. (cambridge.org)
Aim: The adiposity rebound (AR) corresponds to the second rise in the body mass index (BMI) curve that occurs between ages 5 and 7 years. (omicsonline.org)

https://www.dovepress.com/visceral-adiposity-index-and-chronic-kidney-disease-in. (medworm.com)

The body adiposity index (BAI) is a method of estimating the amount of body fat in humans. (wikipedia.org)
2012) Body Adiposity Index Utilization in a Spanish Mediterranean Population: Comparison with the Body Mass Index" PLoS ONE 7(4): e35281 Freedman DS, Thornton JC, Pi-Sunyer FX, Heymsfield SB, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr, Blanck HM, Gallagher D (2012). (wikipedia.org)
Body Adiposity Index (BAI), directly gives your body fat percentage. (medindia.net)
Rehabilitation regimes did not correct body adiposity but restored the circulating levels of lipids and adipocytokines. (diabetesjournals.org)
Since there are known racial differences in growth rates, body proportions, and adiposity, it cannot be assumed that studies done on whites are applicable to Blacks. (bioportfolio.com)
3 Adiposity, which has been defined as total body fat, its distribution and secretary function, is affected by physical and nonphysical environments including culture, beliefs, customs, society, politics and economics. (endocrineweb.com)
Gluten-free animals showed a reduction in body weight gain and adiposity, without changes in food intake or lipid excretion. (greenmedinfo.com)
We evaluated demographic, treatment, lifestyle, and endocrine factors at the time of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry testing in 170 non-Hispanic white survivors and 71 sibling controls, and compared three measures of adiposity [body mass index (BMI), total body fat, and trunk fat]. (aacrjournals.org)
The objectives of this study were to ( a ) compare measures of body fat and metabolic factors associated with body fat between a general cohort of pediatric cancer survivors and their siblings, and ( b ) determine adiposity risks in survivors of childhood cancer receiving a diverse array of treatments. (aacrjournals.org)
Body Mass Index, Waist-Hip Ratio, Waist-Height Ratio, Conicity Index and Body Adiposity Index were calculated. (scielo.br)
Studies have suggested the use of body measurements to assess adiposity [4,8]. (scielo.br)
Body mass index is significantly associated with relative fatness in childhood and adolescence, and is the most convenient way of measuring relative adiposity (14). (thefreedictionary.com)
The primary outcome is the impact of whole, fresh fruit consumption on measures of adiposity including body weight in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). (frontiersin.org)
Studies in obese males [ 3 - 5 ] and one study in severely obese females [ 5 ] with OSA have shown that visceral adiposity is significantly higher than body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. (ersjournals.com)
Adiposity measures included body mass index (BMI), subscapular skinfold thickness (SSF), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF). (neurology.org)
On the other hand, relying on BMI cut-offs alone will miss as many as 25% of kids whose body fat percentage exceeds current definitions of adiposity. (drsharma.ca)
Methods and Findings: We used the adiposity-associated variant rs9939609 at the FTO locus as an instrumental variable (IV) for body mass index (BMI) in a Mendelian randomization design. (diva-portal.org)
Increased adiposity has been revealed even in subjects in which body mass index (BMI) was not markedly increased. (omicsonline.org)
To compare the diagnostic performance of adiposity indeces body mass index (BMI), body mass index adjusted for fat mass (BMIfat), body adiposity index (BAI) and body adiposity index for the Fels Longitudinal Study sample (BAIFels) and the overweight detection in a sample of the Brazilian population. (isciii.es)
The main outcome variables were body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), Clínica Universidad de Navarra-body adiposity estimation (CUN-BAE) body fat percentage and body roundness index (BRI). (bmj.com)
Conclusions Pasta in the context of low-GI dietary patterns does not adversely affect adiposity and even reduces body weight and BMI compared with higher-GI dietary patterns. (bmj.com)
Individual‐level data on fast food and soft drink consumption and body mass index (BMI) for young adolescents from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, kindergarten cohort, (1998-1999) and adiposity measures for children from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004) were combined with designated market area (DMA) Nielsen media advertising ratings data. (repec.org)

Effects on composition of phospholipids ultimately determine membrane fluidity, and the effects on the composition of cholesterol esters and triglycerides can affect lipoprotein metabolism and adiposity. (pnas.org)
Administration of subtherapeutic antibiotic therapy increased adiposity in young mice and increased hormone levels related to metabolism. (nih.gov)
Despite the many theories about the mechanism of adiposity and altered metabolism in long-term survivors of childhood cancer, disease- and treatment-related determinants are not often isolated from lifestyle and genetic factors. (aacrjournals.org)
This pilot study explored the feasibility of a moderate time-restricted feeding (TRF) intervention and its effects on adiposity and metabolism. (cambridge.org)

The purpose of this study was to examine the assocation between lactation and maternal visceral adiposity among US women who were on average 7 years postpartum. (springer.com)
This study shows that children's adiposity and maternal IR are positively associated with children's IR. (mdpi.com)
If this relation is causal, it may be mediated through factors associated with maternal adiposity, such as fetal development, pregnancy complications or infant adiposity. (bmj.com)
Adjusting for infant adiposity gain or BMI at 3 or 6 years did not reduce the association between maternal adiposity and transient wheeze. (bmj.com)
Maternal adiposity was not associated with offspring atopy, exhaled nitric oxide, or spirometry. (bmj.com)
Discussion Greater maternal adiposity is associated with transient wheeze but not asthma or atopy, suggesting effects upon airway structure/function but not allergic predisposition. (bmj.com)
Among participants (N=249) from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants study, we evaluated associations between maternal third trimester and concurrent urinary BPA and individual and summed phthalates metabolites (∑Di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate), ∑high molecular weight, ∑low molecular weight) with measures of weight status and adiposity in children aged 8-14 years. (unboundmedicine.com)

Adjustment of CRF for adiposity measures had little effect on mortality risk. (nih.gov)
Higher levels of CRF are associated with lower cancer mortality risk in men, independently of several adiposity measures. (nih.gov)
Data synthesis Primary analysis focused on cohort studies exploring associations for continuous measures of adiposity. (bmj.com)
Adiposity measures were positively associated with consumption of meat/poultry, fish, snack food, sweeteners, diet soft drinks, and frequenting fast food restaurants, and inversely associated with consumption of whole grains and green tea. (mdpi.com)
Secondary outcomes are the impact of whole, fresh fruit consumption on energy intake in RCTs, and the association between whole, fresh fruit consumption and changes in measures of adiposity in prospective observational studies. (frontiersin.org)
The purpose of this report is to examine the association between measures of adiposity observed in middle-adulthood and the future risk of PD based on 30 years of follow-up of a cohort of asymptomatic men enrolled in the Honolulu Heart Program. (neurology.org)
After excluding 14 men with missing measures of adiposity and two men with prevalent PD, 7,990 remained available for follow-up. (neurology.org)
Our results identified associations between urinary BPA and phthalates metabolites with measures of weight status and adiposity that differed by timing of exposure, sex, and pubertal status. (unboundmedicine.com)
Objective To assess the relationship of adiposity measures with arterial stiffness in Caucasian adults with intermediate cardiovascular risk. (bmj.com)
Results The mean adiposity measures were a BMI of 29.2±4.4, WHtR of 0.61±0.07, CUN-BAE of 35.7±1.7 and BRI of 5.8±1.7. (bmj.com)
The proportion of CAVI variability via the adiposity measures were 5.5% for BMI, 5.8% for CUN-BAE, 3.8% for WHtR and 3.7% for BRI. (bmj.com)
Conclusions Adiposity measures are negatively associated with arterial stiffness measures. (bmj.com)
We synthesised the evidence of the effect of pasta on measures of adiposity. (bmj.com)
There was no effect on other measures of adiposity. (bmj.com)

In overweight males, our therapeutic goal should be the reduction of visceral adiposity and its metabolic correlates, whereas, in females, weight loss may be sufficient. (ersjournals.com)

We aimed to determine whether adiposity is causally related to various cardiometabolic traits using the Mendelian randomization approach. (diva-portal.org)

Observational and experimental findings indeed suggest that in sufficient quantity, refined sugar can increase energy intake and adiposity ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

While both subcutaneous and visceral fat contribute to adiposity, visceral fat has a much greater impact on cardiometabolic disease because of its metabolic activity. (aacc.org)

Collectively, our results shown that most of the dancers were eutrophic, but the female dancers had higher adiposity and presented a strong desire for a different shape. (thefreedictionary.com)

However, she noted that the lower overall risk of prostate cancer in men with greater adiposity was driven by a substantially lower risk of low-grade disease, although it was not clear what was underlying the difference. (medscape.com)
men who have greater adiposity have an elevated risk of high-grade prostate cancer and prostate-cancer death. (medscape.com)
7 However, it is unknown whether this association is due to tracking of BMI from childhood to adulthood or whether permanent changes in cardiovascular risk factors, such as lipid and blood pressure levels, occur in childhood as a result of greater adiposity. (nature.com)

To evaluate the predictive ability of adiposity indicators as MetS predictors in elderly individuals. (scielo.br)

Adiposity and the diseases associated with it, including cardiovascular disease, are emerging long-term complications of pediatric cancer survivors. (aacrjournals.org)

Leitzmann MF, Flood A, Ferrucci LM et al (2009) Adiposity in relation to colorectal adenomas and hyperplastic polyps in women. (springer.com)
This report examines the relation between midlife adiposity and the risk of PD. (neurology.org)
The aim of this review is to discuss the role of physical activity, sedentary time and behaviour (i.e. television (TV)-viewing) in relation to adiposity during the first two decades of life with a specific focus on whether the association between sedentary time, and behaviour and adiposity is independent of physical activity. (bibsys.no)

comparar el rendimiento diagnóstico de índices de adiposidad: índice de masa corporal (IMC), índice de masa corporal ajustado para la masa grasa (BMIfat), índice de adiposidad corporal (BAI) y el índice de adiposidad corporal para la muestra Fels Longitudinal Study (BAIFels) para detectar en una muestra de la población brasileña. (isciii.es)

Two male study groups were enrolled to characterize adiposity or hypertriglyceridemia showing that these men were at baseline risk for hypertension [1]. (scirp.org)

Are there socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in childhood, and are they mediated by adiposity? (nature.com)
Socioeconomic gradients in adiposity were not present during childhood for previous generations, but have emerged in contemporary children. (nature.com)
If the latter is true these adiposity-related risk factors changes might mediate the association of childhood SEP with adult CHD. (nature.com)
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child adiposity at 8 y of age and repeated urinary biomarkers of phthalate exposure collected during gestation, infancy, and childhood to determine if there are distinct periods of vulnerability when the fetus or child is more vulnerable to the potential obesogenic effects of phthalate exposure. (thefreedictionary.com)

But to be honest, BMI was never intended as a measure of disease - it was (at best) introduced as a surrogate measure of adiposity (fatness). (drsharma.ca)

GLUT4 trafficking was altered in animals expressing mutant forms of ankyrin-B, and we propose that increased cell surface expression of GLUT4 in skeletal muscle and fatty tissue of Ankb R1788W/R1788W mice leads to the observed age-dependent adiposity. (jci.org)

The aim of this study was to examine diet quality among participants in the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health (PATH) cohort and to assess the association with adiposity. (mdpi.com)
Bisphenol A and Adiposity in an Inner-City Birth Cohort. (thefreedictionary.com)
We identified nine cohort studies (three prospective) whether sedentary time was associated with adiposity independent of physical activity. (bibsys.no)

The subscapular skinfold was the adiposity marker associated to the highest risk. (elsevier.es)
Infant adiposity gain was calculated from skinfold thickness at birth and 6 months. (bmj.com)

These observations motivated us to examine the relationship between the timing of AR and production of SDLDL as a metabolic consequence of changes in adiposity during infancy. (omicsonline.org)
To minimise bias from confounding we performed a Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to examine the relationship between adiposity and CRC. (harvard.edu)
In the current study, our primary goal was to examine the role of visceral and intra-hepatic adiposity in OSA in middle-aged males and post-menopausal females and their respective controls. (ersjournals.com)

Median and overall lifespan are increased 20% in FAT10ko mice, coincident with elevated metabolic rate, preferential use of fat as fuel, and dramatically reduced adiposity. (pnas.org)
We generated a model of adiposity by giving subtherapeutic antibiotic therapy to young mice and evaluated changes in the composition and capabilities of the gut microbiome. (nih.gov)
After 6 weeks of administration, mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited a marked reduction in adiposity. (jci.org)

Lipids, adiposity and tendinopathy: is there a mechanistic link? (bmj.com)

The findings from epidemiological studies addressing the association between adiposity and the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyps are inconsistent. (springer.com)
Background: The association between adiposity and cardiometabolic traits is well known from epidemiological studies. (diva-portal.org)

Associations of VO2max and adiposity were analyzed. (thefreedictionary.com)
Our results suggest that associations of ambient PM exposures with newborn size and adiposity differ between white British and Pakistani origin infants. (nih.gov)

These results strongly encourage further genetic studies of adiposity-related phenotypes where extended sets of carefully measured environmental factors are taken into account. (rti.org)

Objective To evaluate the strength and validity of the evidence for the association between adiposity and risk of developing or dying from cancer. (bmj.com)
A study exploring the association between active commuting and weight, including whether moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) mediates the association between them, found that active commuting to school is associated with greater MVPA and lower adiposity in American youth. (rwjf.org)
In sum, the association between peripheral adiposity and favorable vascular risk factor profiles observed by Tankó et al 1 may not be due to direct atheroprotective effects of peripheral fat per se. (ahajournals.org)
Results from studies (n 8) examining the independent association between TV-viewing and adiposity independent of physical activity were mixed. (bibsys.no)
Those that observed a positive association between TV-viewing and adiposity independent of physical activity discussed that the association may be due to residual confounding. (bibsys.no)

High amounts of time spent sedentary and low levels of physical activity have been implicated in the process of excessive adiposity gains in youth. (bibsys.no)
Eight of these studies suggested that sedentary time was unrelated to adiposity when physical activity was taken into account. (bibsys.no)
It appears unlikely that higher levels of sedentary time are associated with or predictive of, higher levels of adiposity when physical activity is controlled for in youth. (bibsys.no)
Specific sedentary behaviours such as TV-viewing may be associated with adiposity independent of physical activity but the results may be explained by residual confounding. (bibsys.no)

Background: Observational studies have associated adiposity with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). (harvard.edu)

Although sum of skinfolds may be least influenced by age, sex and race of all the adiposity surrogates, waist-height ratio provides a good alternative for both sexes. (rti.org)

0.05) were all significantly higher in women with central compared with peripheral adiposity. (ahajournals.org)
Infant adiposity gain was associated with persistent wheeze, but not significantly. (bmj.com)

Cranial irradiation and television hours are important risk factors for adiposity in pediatric cancer survivors. (aacrjournals.org)
Knowledge about risk factors for adiposity in cancer survivors may lead to new understandings about its causes and prevention. (aacrjournals.org)
Inequalities in other cardiovascular risk factors were partially mediated by adiposity. (nature.com)
This study showed important socioeconomic inequalities in adiposity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in a contemporary UK population of 10-year-old children. (nature.com)
Observational studies have reported different effects of adiposity on cardiovascular risk factors across age and sex. (diva-portal.org)
Since cardiovascular risk factors are enriched in obese individuals, it has not been easy to dissect the effects of adiposity from those of other risk factors. (diva-portal.org)
In conclusion, this study extends previous knowledge of the effects of adiposity by providing sex- and age-specific causal estimates on cardiovascular risk factors. (diva-portal.org)

Because treatment recommendations for each cancer diagnosis can change over time, we believe that understanding general treatment and lifestyle factors associated with adiposity, regardless of initial cancer diagnosis, will be more generalizable to pediatric cancer survivors as they age decades later. (aacrjournals.org)

Conclusions: These data provide further evidence for a strong causal relationship between adiposity and the risk of developing CRC highlighting the urgent need for prevention and treatment of adiposity. (harvard.edu)

Anatomy13

Organisms3

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes44

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Named Groups5

Health Care12

Geographicals1

Changes in weight and lean body mass during highly active antiretroviral therapy. (1/2014)

Elevated soluble ICAM-1 levels induce immune deficiency and increase adiposity in mice. (2/2014)

Rise in insulin resistance is associated with escalated telomere attrition. (3/2014)

Genetic modifiers interact with Cpe(fat) to affect body weight, adiposity, and hyperglycemia. (4/2014)

Body mass index in relation to ovarian cancer survival. (5/2014)

Recombinant leptin promotes atherosclerosis and thrombosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. (6/2014)

Cathepsin S, a novel biomarker of adiposity: relevance to atherogenesis. (7/2014)

Body fatness during childhood and adolescence and incidence of breast cancer in premenopausal women: a prospective cohort study. (8/2014)

Adiposity

Obesity

Adipose Tissue

Body Mass Index

Waist Circumference

Intra-Abdominal Fat

Abdominal Fat

Body Composition

Waist-Hip Ratio

Leptin

Body Weight

Insulin Resistance

Subcutaneous Fat

Skinfold Thickness

Absorptiometry, Photon

Obesity, Abdominal

Body Fat Distribution

Viscera

Anthropometry

Overweight

Insulin

Weight Gain

Blood Glucose

Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal

Adiponectin

Energy Metabolism

Eating

Body Constitution

Dietary Fats

Risk Factors

Cross-Sectional Studies

Abdomen

Energy Intake

Adipose Tissue, White

European Continental Ancestry Group

Diet, High-Fat

Glucose Tolerance Test

Body Weights and Measures

Hyperphagia

Adipocytes

Sex Factors

Diet

Linear Models

Triglycerides

Cohort Studies

Body Height

Adipokines

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Puberty

Longitudinal Studies

Receptors, Leptin

Metabolic Syndrome X

Body Size

Lipids

Lipid Metabolism

Cardiovascular Diseases

Sex Characteristics

Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4

Motor Activity

Pediatric Obesity

Fasting

Ghrelin

African Americans

Thinness

Glucose Intolerance

Physical Fitness

Prospective Studies

Feeding Behavior

Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Exercise

Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Regression Analysis

Weight Loss

Adipogenesis

Aging

Glucose

Mice, Obese

Homeostasis

Biological Markers