Adipose Tissue
Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.
Adipose Tissue, Brown
Adipose Tissue, White
Adipocytes
Adipocytes, Brown
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Lipolysis
The metabolic process of breaking down LIPIDS to release FREE FATTY ACIDS, the major oxidative fuel for the body. Lipolysis may involve dietary lipids in the DIGESTIVE TRACT, circulating lipids in the BLOOD, and stored lipids in the ADIPOSE TISSUE or the LIVER. A number of enzymes are involved in such lipid hydrolysis, such as LIPASE and LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE from various tissues.
Intra-Abdominal Fat
Thermogenesis
Leptin
Insulin Resistance
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
3T3-L1 Cells
Adipocytes, White
Mice, Obese
Fatty Acids
Mitochondrial Proteins
Lipid Metabolism
Body Weight
Adipokines
Omentum
Lipoprotein Lipase
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.
Adiponectin
A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
Dietary Fats
Adiposity
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Energy Metabolism
Glycerol
Glucose
Body Temperature Regulation
Body Composition
Liver
Ion Channels
Panniculitis
PPAR gamma
Epididymis
The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.
Muscle, Skeletal
Gene Expression Regulation
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Viscera
Lipid Mobilization
LIPOLYSIS of stored LIPIDS in the ADIPOSE TISSUE to release FREE FATTY ACIDS. Mobilization of stored lipids is under the regulation of lipolytic signals (CATECHOLAMINES) or anti-lipolytic signals (INSULIN) via their actions on the hormone-sensitive LIPASE. This concept does not include lipid transport.
Phaeophyta
A division of predominantly marine EUKARYOTA, commonly known as brown algae, having CHROMATOPHORES containing carotenoid PIGMENTS, BIOLOGICAL. ALGINATES and phlorotannins occur widely in all major orders. They are considered the most highly evolved algae because of their well-developed multicellular organization and structural complexity.
Lipogenesis
Abdominal Fat
Inflammation
Body Fat Distribution
Sterol Esterase
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3
Lipodystrophy
A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.
Rats, Zucker
Buttocks
Subcutaneous Tissue
Thiazolidinediones
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Gene Expression
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1
Cell Differentiation
Resistin
Carrier Proteins
Fatty Acid Synthases
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Glucose Transporter Type 4
A glucose transport protein found in mature MUSCLE CELLS and ADIPOCYTES. It promotes transport of glucose from the BLOOD into target TISSUES. The inactive form of the protein is localized in CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES. In response to INSULIN, it is translocated to the PLASMA MEMBRANE where it facilitates glucose uptake.
Glucose Tolerance Test
Lipectomy
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Lipase
Rats, Wistar
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Thinness
Fatty Liver
Cells, Cultured
Hormones, Ectopic
Pericardium
A conical fibro-serous sac surrounding the HEART and the roots of the great vessels (AORTA; VENAE CAVAE; PULMONARY ARTERY). Pericardium consists of two sacs: the outer fibrous pericardium and the inner serous pericardium. The latter consists of an outer parietal layer facing the fibrous pericardium, and an inner visceral layer (epicardium) resting next to the heart, and a pericardial cavity between these two layers.
Body Mass Index
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Organ Specificity
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase
Obesity, Morbid
Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue
Anti-Obesity Agents
Glucose Clamp Technique
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Metabolic Diseases
Membrane Proteins
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Receptors, Leptin
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Mice, Transgenic
Oxygen Consumption
Lipoma
Microdialysis
Rats, Inbred Strains
Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
Lipomatosis
Homeostasis
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Uncoupling Agents
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Metabolic Syndrome X
A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)
Transcription Factors
Receptors, Adiponectin
Cell surface receptors for ADIPONECTIN, an antidiabetic hormone secreted by ADIPOCYTES. Adiponectin receptors are membrane proteins with multiple cytoplasmic and extracellular regions. They are about 43 kDa and encoded by at least two genes with different affinities for globular and full-length adiponectin.
1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
Aging
Blotting, Western
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Monosaccharide Transport Proteins
Interleukin-6
Cattle
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.
Lactation
Gene Expression Profiling
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase
3T3 Cells
Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.
Caloric Restriction
Malate Dehydrogenase
Isoproterenol
Fats
The glyceryl esters of a fatty acid, or of a mixture of fatty acids. They are generally odorless, colorless, and tasteless if pure, but they may be flavored according to origin. Fats are insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents. They occur in animal and vegetable tissue and are generally obtained by boiling or by extraction under pressure. They are important in the diet (DIETARY FATS) as a source of energy. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Angiopoietins
Phenotype
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.
Linoleic Acids, Conjugated
Sheep
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.
Disease Models, Animal
Iodide Peroxidase
Linoleic Acid
Stem Cells
Random Allocation
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the NAD coenzyme. It is also known as a growth factor for early B-LYMPHOCYTES, or an ADIPOKINE with insulin-mimetic effects (visfatin).
Stromal Cells
Sex Characteristics
Clenbuterol
Dietary Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)
Inflammation Mediators
Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins
Immunohistochemistry
Guanosine Diphosphate
Growth Hormone
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
PPAR alpha
Triiodothyronine
A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
Hormones
Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.
Base Sequence
Phodopus
Cholesterol
Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I
Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic
Brown Recluse Spider
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.
Acetates
Up-Regulation
Blotting, Northern
Chemokine CCL2
Sympathetic Nervous System
The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.
Allyl-containing sulfides in garlic increase uncoupling protein content in brown adipose tissue, and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion in rats. (1/1528)
The effects of garlic supplementation on triglyceride metabolism were investigated by measurements of the degree of thermogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion in rats fed two types of dietary fat. In Experiment 1, rats were given isoenergetic high-fat diets containing either shortening or lard with or without garlic powder supplementation (8 g/kg of diet). After 28 d feeding, body weight, plasma triglyceride levels and the weights of perirenal adipose tissue and epididymal fat pad were significantly lower in rats fed diets supplemented with garlic powder than in those fed diets without garlic powder. The content of mitochondrial protein and uncoupling protein (UCP) in IBAT, and urinary noradrenaline and adrenaline excretion were significantly greater in rats fed a lard diet with garlic powder than in those fed the same diet without garlic. Other than adrenaline secretion, differences due to garlic were significant in rats fed shortening, also. In Experiment 2, the effects of various allyl-containing sulfides present in garlic on noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion were evaluated. Administration of diallyldisulfide, diallyltrisulfide and alliin, organosulfur compounds present in garlic, significantly increased plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations, whereas the administration of disulfides without allyl residues, diallylmonosulfide and S-allyl-L-cysteine did not increase adrenaline secretion. These results suggest that in rats, allyl-containing sulfides in garlic enhance thermogenesis by increasing UCP content in IBAT, and noradrenaline and adrenaline secretion. (+info)Differential regulation of uncoupling protein-1, -2 and -3 gene expression by sympathetic innervation in brown adipose tissue of thermoneutral or cold-exposed rats. (2/1528)
The control of uncoupling protein-1, -2 and -3 (UCP-1, UCP-2, UCP-3) mRNA levels by sympathetic innervation in rats was investigated by specific and sensitive RT-PCR assays. In rats reared at thermoneutrality (25 degrees C), unilateral surgical sympathetic denervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) markedly reduced the UCP-1 mRNA level (-38%) as compared with the contralateral innervated BAT pad, but was without significant effect on UCP-2 and -3 mRNA levels. Cold exposure (7 days, 4 degrees C) markedly increased UCP-1 (+180%), UCP-2 (+115%) and UCP-3 (+195%) mRNA levels in interscapular BAT. Unilateral sympathetic denervation prevented the cold-induced rise in BAT UCP-1 and UCP-2 mRNAs, but not that in BAT UCP-3 mRNA. Results were confirmed by Northern blot analysis. These data indicate a differential endocrine control of UCP-1, UCP-2 and UCP-3 gene expression in rat BAT both at thermoneutrality and during prolonged cold exposure. (+info)Nuclear bodies are usual constituents in tissues of hibernating dormice. (3/1528)
In previous studies we demonstrated in several tissues of the hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius that during hibernation cell nuclei contain particular structural constituents absent in euthermia. In the present study we examine the same tissues in euthermic and hibernating individuals of the edible dormouse Glis glis in order to investigate possible modifications of nuclear structural constituents occurring during hibernation in this species. Edible dormice were captured in the wild and maintained in an external animal house. Samples of liver, pancreas, brown adipose tissue and adrenal cortex were taken from three hibernating and three euthermic animals and processed for resin embedding. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies were carried out on cell nuclei of these tissues. The most evident feature of cell nuclei of hibernating dormice was the presence of several nuclear bodies, namely fibro-granular material, amorphous bodies, coiled bodies, perichromatin granule-like granules and nucleoplasmic fibrils, the distribution of which was peculiar to each tissue. No one of these constituents was detectable during euthermia. Immunocytochemical analyses revealed that they contain some splicing factors. Apart from some differences, maybe due to the different characteristics of lethargy, the nuclear bodies found in edible dormice were morphologically and immunocytochemically similar to those previously described in the same tissues of hazel dormice. They therefore seem to be strictly correlated to the hibernating state. If they represent storage and/or assembly sites of splicing factors to be rapidly used upon arousal, they could represent a usual structural feature in cells of hibernating species. (+info)ATP can stimulate exocytosis in rat brown adipocytes without apparent increases in cytosolic Ca2+ or G protein activation. (4/1528)
Extracellular ATP activates large increases in cell surface area and membrane turnover in rat brown adipocytes (Pappone, P. A., and Lee, S. C. 1996. J. Gen. Physiol. 108:393-404). We used whole-cell patch clamp membrane capacitance measurements of membrane surface area concurrently with fura-2 ratio imaging of intracellular calcium to test whether these purinergic membrane responses are triggered by cytosolic calcium increases or G protein activation. Increasing cytosolic calcium with adrenergic stimulation, calcium ionophore, or calcium-containing pipette solutions did not cause exocytosis. Extracellular ATP increased membrane capacitance in the absence of extracellular calcium with internal calcium strongly buffered to near resting levels. Purinergic stimulation still activated exocytosis and endocytosis in the complete absence of intracellular and extracellular free calcium, but endocytosis predominated. Modulators of G protein function neither triggered nor inhibited the initial ATP-elicited capacitance changes, but GTPgammaS or cytosolic nucleotide depletion did reduce the cells' capacity to mount multiple purinergic responses. These results suggest that calcium modulates purinergically-stimulated membrane trafficking in brown adipocytes, but that ATP responses are initiated by some other signal that remains to be identified. (+info)Metabolism and morphology of brown adipose tissue from Brahman and Angus newborn calves. (5/1528)
The objective of this study was to compare adipocyte morphology and lipogenesis between breed types (Angus vs Brahman) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) from newborn calves. The Brahman calves (n = 7) were born during the fall season, whereas the Angus calves were born in fall (n = 6) or the following spring (n = 4). At parturition, Brahman cows were lighter than fall Angus cows, but were heavier than spring Angus cows (P < .05). Birth weights and perirenal BAT weights were greater in spring-born, but not in fall-born Angus calves, than in Brahman calves (P < .05). Fall-born Angus BAT contained 63% more (P < .05) adipocytes/100 mg tissue and contained a greater proportion (P < .05) of adipocytes with mean diameters of 40 to 50 microm, and fewer adipocytes with diameters of 60 microm or greater, than Brahman BAT. Brahman BAT contained two-to-three times as many beta-receptors as Angus BAT (P < .05), although the dissociation constant (Kd) was not different between breed types. Mitochondria in Brahman BAT were primarily spherical, whereas Angus BAT mitochondria were elongated, and mitochondrial cross-sectional area tended (P = .08) to be greater in Brahman BAT than in Angus BAT. The mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA concentration (per 10(6) cells) was greater in Brahman BAT than in BAT from fall-born Angus calves. Lipogenesis from acetate was greater in Angus BAT than in Brahman BAT (P < .05), and glucose and palmitate contributed a greater proportion of carbon to lipogenesis in Brahman BAT than in Angus BAT. These differences in lipogenesis between breed types were not observed in s.c. WAT. The WAT from both breed types contained adipocytes with distinct brown adipocyte morphology, suggesting an involution of BAT to WAT in utero. We conclude that differences in UCP gene expression cannot cause the greater peak thermogenesis of Angus calves; however, differences between breed types in lipid metabolism and(or) mitochondrial morphology may contribute to this phenomenon. (+info)Mechanism of adipose tissue iNOS induction in endotoxemia. (6/1528)
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of adipose tissue inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction in endotoxemia. Systemic administration of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to rats for +info)Effect of calorie restriction on in vivo glucose metabolism by individual tissues in rats. (7/1528)
We evaluated the effects of 8 mo of calorie restriction [CR: 60% of ad libitum (AL) food intake] on glucose uptake by 14 tissues in unanesthetized, adult (12 mo) F344xBN rats. Glucose metabolism was assessed by the 2-[3H]deoxyglucose tracer technique at 1500 or 2100. Despite an approximately 60% decline in insulinemia with CR, plasma 2-[3H]deoxyglucose clearance for CR was greater than for AL at both times. A small, CR-related decrease in glucose metabolic index (R'g) occurred only at 1500 in the spleen and heart, and this decrease was reversed at 2100. In some tissues (cerebellum, lung, kidney, soleus, and diaphragm), R'g was unaffected by diet, regardless of time. In the other tissues (brown fat, 3 white fat pads, epitrochlearis, plantaris, and gastrocnemius), R'g was higher or tended to be higher for CR vs. AL at one or both times. These findings indicate that 8 mo of CR did not cause a continuous reduction in in vivo glucose uptake by any tissue studied, and, in several insulin-sensitive tissues, glucose uptake was at times greater for CR vs. AL rats. (+info)RVLM and raphe differentially regulate sympathetic outflows to splanchnic and brown adipose tissue. (8/1528)
To determine whether neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus (RPa) specifically control the sympathetic nerve activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT SNA), thereby regulating adipocyte metabolism and BAT thermogenesis, the responses in BAT SNA to disinhibition of RPa neurons and to disinhibition of neurons in the vasomotor region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were compared with those in splanchnic (Spl) SNA, which primarily regulates visceral vasoconstriction. In urethan-chloralose-anesthetized ventilated rats, both acute hypothermia and microinjection of bicuculline into RPa produced significantly larger increases in BAT SNA (542 and 1,949% of control) than in Spl SNA (19 and 24% of control). The enhanced burst discharge in BAT SNA was not coherent with that in Spl SNA or with the arterial pressure (AP) at any frequency except the central respiratory frequency. Microinjections of bicuculline into RVLM evoked increases in Spl SNA (86% of control) and AP (32 mmHg), but reduced BAT SNA to low, normothermic levels. Microinjections of muscimol into RVLM reduced Spl SNA (-82% of control) and AP (-59 mmHg), but did not prevent the increase in BAT SNA after disinhibition of RPa neurons. These results indicate that the neural networks generating BAT SNA in response to disinhibition of RPa neurons are independent of those generating basal Spl SNA and support a model in which sympathetic outflow to tissues involved in thermoregulation and metabolism is regulated by central pathways, including neurons in RPa, that are distinct from those involved in the sympathetic control of the cardiovascular system. (+info)Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in mouse brown adipose tissue - Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Isoenergetic feeding of low carbohydrate-high fat diets does not increase brown adipose tissue thermogenic capacity in rats
Brown Adipose Reporting C… - University of Gothenburg, Sweden
The gut microbiota modulates both browning of white adipose tissue and the activity of brown adipose tissue.
Receptors in brown fat cells could provide avenue for treatment
Systemic serotonin inhibits brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity via a GABA input to the dorsomedial hypothalamus,...
RT @ atanas : Effects of Capsinoid Intake on Brown Adipose Tissue Vascular Density and Resting Energy Expenditure in Healthy,...
Cold-activated brown adipose tissue is an independent predictor of higher bone mineral density in women. - GISMO
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Low- and high-thermogenic brown adipocyte subpopulations coexist in murine adipose tissue
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Low- and high-thermogenic brown adipocyte subpopulations coexist in murine adipose tissue
Glucose utilization in vivo and insulin-sensitivity of rat brown adipose tissue in various physiological and pathological...
The Impact of Coffee on Metabolism
Characterizing active and inactive brown adipose tissue in adult human by Aliya Gifford, Theodore F. Towse et al.
Objective Previous research have shown energetic dark brown adipose tissue (BAT) - Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for...
EHMT1 controls brown adipose cell fate and thermogenesis through the PRDM16 complex
Uncoupling protein content of brown adipose tissue mitochondria in fasted and refed mice | Biochemical Society Transactions
Study unlocks origin of brown fat cells important in weight maintenance - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
ROS and sympathetically mediated mitochondria activation in brown adipose tissue contribute to methamphetamine-induced...
Negative Regulators of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT)-Mediated Thermogenesis - Fingerprint - Augusta University Research...
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Citations to Brown adipose tissue-specific insulin receptor knockout shows diabetic phenotype without insulin resistance
Myogenic gene expression signature establishes that brown and white adipocytes originate from distinct cell lineages<...
Quantitative assessment of brown adipose tissue metabolic activity and volume using 18 F-FDG PET/CT and β3-adrenergic receptor...
Nuclear 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) in brown adipose tissue: receptor occupancy and sources of T3 as determined by in vivo...
Articles - IPS Therapeutique
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Mfn2 deletion in brown adipose tissue protects from insulin resistance and impairs thermogenesis | EMBO Reports
New members of uncoupling protein family implicated in energy metabolism<...
Organic Paleo Cultured Brown Butter Ghee, Grass Fed, Casein and Lactose Free (16 oz)
New Research On Brown Fat Thermogenesis - AnabolicMinds.com
The Problem With Brown Fat Stimulation | Dr. Sharmas Obesity Notes
PRIME PubMed | Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis: interdisciplinary studies
Nonshivering thermogenesis and its adequate measurement in metabolic studies
Brown adipose tissue and the regulation of nonshivering thermogenesis.<...
HISTOCHEMICAL AND MICROCHEMICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIPIDS OF THE INTERSCAPULAR BROWN FAT OF THE FEMALE VESPERTILIONID BAT...
The Effect of Ecklonia Cava on Expressing of Blood Lipids and UCP-1 of Brown Adipose Tissue(BAT) in Zucker Rats
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Hemangioendothelial sarcoma in brown adipose tissue of mouse induced by carcinogenic heterocyclic amine, Glu-P-1<...
Stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase protects against obesity by recruiting brown adipose tissue | Nature Communications
α2 adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition of thermogenesis<...
Quantitation of Brown Adipose Tissue Perfusion in Transgenic Mice Using Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging.
Early alterations in the brown adipose tissue adenylate cyclase system of pre-obese Zucker rat fa/fa pups: decreased G-proteins...
Differential regulation of brown adipose tissue physiology by orexin A and orexin B | QScience.com
Absence of intracellular ion channels TPC1 and TPC2 leads to mature-onset obesity in male mice, due to impaired lipid...
Thiazolidinedione exposure increases the expression of uncoupling protein 1 in cultured human preadipocytes - UQ eSpace
Professor Toni Vidal-Puig
A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis
Association of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) y895 with Grb-2 mediates the insulin signaling involved in IRS-1-deficient...
Adipose Tissue, Brown | The Chopra Library
The role of hypothalamic mTORC1 and adipose tissue mTORC2 in organismal energetics - edoc
Arcuate NPY controls sympathetic output and BAT function via a relay o by Yan-Chuan Shi, Jackie Lau et al.
DIGITAL.CSIC: Differences in the response of UCP1 mRNA to hormonal stimulation between rat and mouse primary cultures of brown...
The Miracle Powers of Brown Fat! - FitnessRX for Men
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Thermogenesis
Cold-acclimation-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in birds is associated with upregulation of avian UCP but not with innate...
Adipose tissue significance with special emphasis on its role in regulating immune functions in mammals
Thermogenin - Wikipedia
Research | lodhilab
Oral administration of interferon tau enhances oxidation of energy substrates and reduces adiposity in Zucker diabetic fatty...
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KAKEN - Research Projects | Studies on arginine-nitric oxide system in the regulation of thermogenic organ brown adipose tissue...
Babies Have Special Fat Because They Cant Shiver! | Small Acorn
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uncoupling protein from brown adipose tissue (UCP) - Allie: Related PubMed Info.
Recent development in targeting brown adipose tissues for th... : Current Opinion in Lipidology
Bastion of Reason: Tapping into Brown Fat?
Adipose tissue: a key target for diabetes pathophysiology and treatment? - Radcliffe Department of Medicine
Article - Molecular Metabolism
Embryonic Adipose Origin infographic - LifeMap Discovery
Researchers Identify Lynchpin to Activating Brown Fat Cells | UC San Francisco
Researchers Identify Lynchpin to Activating Brown Fat Cells | UC San Francisco
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Identification and characterization of a supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in mice
References on Thermogenesis
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Thermogenin - Wikipedia
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Eurytherm
"Brown adipose tissue , anatomy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-06-08. Tsujimoto, Megumu; Imura, Satoshi; Kanda, ... "4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion". 4.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion - Anatomy and Physiology. opentextbc.ca. OpenStax. 6 March 2013. ... In addition, shivering also signals the body to produce irisin, a hormone that has been shown to convert white fat to brown fat ... The sustained supply of oxygen to body tissues determines the body temperature range of an organism. Eurytherms that live in ...
Thermogenesis
Non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in brown adipose tissue (brown fat) that is present in almost all eutherians (swine being ... Hou, Lianjie; Hu, Ching Yuan; Wang, Chong (April 2017). "Pig Has No Brown Adipose Tissue". The FASEB Journal. 31 (S1). doi: ... Cannon, B.; Nedergaard, J. (2004). "Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance". Physiol. Rev. 84 (1): 277- ... Brown adipose tissue has a unique uncoupling protein (thermogenin, also known as uncoupling protein 1) that allows the ...
TAF7l
Zhou, Haiying; Wan, Bo; Grubisic, Ivan; Kaplan, Tommy; Tjian, Robert (2014). "TAF7L modulates brown adipose tissue formation". ... it has now been found in white and brown adipose tissue, as well as in certain types of cancer. Studies conducted on knockout ... Combined with in vitro evidence, it appears that Taf7l is capable of initiating brown fat (the so-called healthy fat) ... It was originally demonstrated to be a testis-specific gene based on RT-PCR experiments on tissue extracts, however, ...
Nocturnal bottleneck
Unique type of brown adipose tissue, allowing mammals to generate heat quickly. Mitochondria with five to seven times higher ... Cannon, B. (1 January 2004). "Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance". Physiological Reviews. 84 (1): ...
Electron transport chain
The uncoupling protein, thermogenin-present in the inner mitochondrial membrane of brown adipose tissue-provides for an ... "Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance". Physiological Reviews. 84 (1): 277-359. doi:10.1152/physrev. ...
Specific dynamic action
Heat production by brown adipose tissue which is activated after consumption of a meal is an additional component of dietary ... Cannon, B.; Nedergaard, J. (2004). "Brown Adipose Tissue: Function and Physiological Significance". Physiological Reviews. 84 ( ...
Daniel Ricquier
... adipose tissue and thermogenic mechanisms. He is an expert on brown adipose tissue. His work has contributed towards ... Miroux, B.; Frossard, V.; Raimbault, S.; Ricquier, D.; Bouillaud, F. (1993). "The topology of the brown adipose tissue ... Ricquier, D.; Nechad, M.; Mory, G. (1982). "Ultrastructural and biochemical characterization of human brown adipose tissue in ... Bouillaud, F.; Ricquier, D.; Thibault, J.; Weissenbach, J. (1985). "Molecular approach to thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue ...
IBAT
Interscapular brown adipose tissue, also known as Hibernating gland; Instruction Block Address Translation registers in PowerPC ...
ILC2
Beige and brown adipose tissue are specialized in thermogenesis. The process of beiging leads to increased energy expenditure ... ILC2s are essential in the maintenance of homeostasis in lean and healthy adipose tissue. ILC2s resident in visceral adipose ... Research identified dysregulated responses of ILC2s in adipose tissue as a factor in the development of obesity in mice since ... January 2010). "Innate production of T(H)2 cytokines by adipose tissue-associated c-Kit(+)Sca-1(+) lymphoid cells". Nature. 463 ...
Beta-adrenergic agonist
Lowell, B.B.; Flier, J.S. (1997). "Brown adipose tissue, beta 3-adrenergic receptors, and obesity". Annu. Rev. Med. Vol. 48. pp ... β3 receptors are mainly located in adipose tissue. Activation of the β3 receptors induces the metabolism of lipids. Indications ... and in smooth muscle tissue; epinephrine expresses the higher affinity. The activation of β1, β2 and β3 activates the enzyme, ... ultimately inducing smooth muscle relaxation and contraction of the cardiac tissue. Activation of β1 receptors induces positive ...
PM20D1
In mice, PM20D1 is highly expressed and secreted into the blood by brown fat. Its expression in adipose tissues is increased ...
Nancy Rothwell
Rothwell, N.; Stock, M. (1979). "A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis". Nature. 281 (5726): 31-35. ... MacDonald, I. A.; Rothwell, N. J.; Stock, M. J. (1976). "Lipolytic and lipogenic activities of adipose tissue during ... Brown, Matthew (September 2004) "A Society Fellow", in: AUTlook. Association of University Teachers; no. 231, pp. 24-25. " ...
Human skin
It consists of loose connective tissue, adipose tissue and elastin. The main cell types are fibroblasts, macrophages and ... Melanin: It is brown in colour and present in the basal layer of the epidermis. Melanoid: It resembles melanin but is present ... The subcutaneous tissue (also hypodermis and subcutis) is not part of the skin, but lies below the dermis of the cutis. Its ... The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis that consists of connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and ...
Joslin Diabetes Center
Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9;360(15):1509-17. "Latino ... 2009: Researchers in the lab of C. Ronald Kahn discover that brown fat is present in some adults, providing a new target for ...
TRPV2
... it was found that TRPV2 is expressed in brown adipocytes and in brown adipose tissue (BAT). It can be concluded that TRPV2 ... March 2016). "Lack of TRPV2 impairs thermogenesis in mouse brown adipose tissue". EMBO Reports. 17 (3): 383-99. doi:10.15252/ ... The same channel can have different functions depending on the type of tissue. Other roles of TRPV2 continue to be explored in ... These channels are expressed in medium to large diameter neurons, motor neurons, and other non-neuronal tissues like the heart ...
USF1
2016). "USF1 deficiency activates brown adipose tissue and improves cardiometabolic health". Science Translational Medicine. 8 ... A study of mice suggested reduced USF1 levels increases metabolism in brown fat. USF1 (human gene) has been shown to interact ...
TBX15
Crucially, Tbx15 is selectively expressed in brown and "brite" adipose tissue. Knockdown organisms show no change in white ... "An essential role for Tbx15 in the differentiation of brown and "brite" but not white adipocytes". American Journal of ... adipocytes, but do display reduced expression of the marker genes directly involved in brown adipocyte expression. Tbx15 is ...
Estrogen-related receptor
... brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, placenta, macrophages, and demonstrated additional roles in diabetes and cancer. ... "Histone deacetylase 3 prepares brown adipose tissue for acute thermogenic challenge". Nature. 546 (7659): 544-548. Bibcode: ... The contributions of individual ERRs to physiology continue to be elucidated through the generation of sophisticated tissue- ... "ERRγ enhances UCP1 expression and fatty acid oxidation in brown adipocytes". Obesity. 21 (3): 516-24. doi:10.1002/oby.20067. ...
Cold and heat adaptations in humans
The second is non-shivering, which occurs in brown adipose tissue. Population studies have shown that the San tribe of Southern ... Brown, Douglas J. A.; Brugger, Hermann; Boyd, Jeff; Paal, Peter (2012-11-15). "Accidental Hypothermia". The New England Journal ...
Mitochondrial carrier
Klingenberg M (March 1990). "Mechanism and evolution of the uncoupling protein of brown adipose tissue". Trends in Biochemical ...
Orexin
Many studies support that the orexin neurons regulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity via the sympathetic nervous system to ... Although orexin knockout mice were reported to show maldevelopment of brown adipose tissue (BAT), subsequent report has shown ... Sellayah D, Bharaj P, Sikder D (October 2011). "Orexin is required for brown adipose tissue development, differentiation, and ... "An orexinergic projection from perifornical hypothalamus to raphe pallidus increases rat brown adipose tissue thermogenesis". ...
SMIM23
It functions in the differentiation between white and brown adipose tissue. It can also be a repressor of transforming growth ...
Nicholas Mrosovsky
Notable papers: Mrosovsky, N. (1962). "Changes in multilocular brown adipose tissue in the rat following hypothermia." Nature ...
Estrogen-related receptor alpha
... and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. It was recently identified as an important regulator of the mammalian circadian clock, ... brown adipose tissue, cerebellum, intestine, and skeletal muscle. Recently, ERRα has been detected in normal adrenal cortex ... "Histone deacetylase 3 prepares brown adipose tissue for acute thermogenic challenge". Nature. 546 (7659): 544-548. Bibcode: ... ERRα has wide tissue distribution but it is most highly expressed in tissues that preferentially use fatty acids as energy ...
Antonio Vidal-Puig
"BMP8B increases brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through both central and peripheral actions". Cell. 149 (4): 871-85. doi: ... activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue, molecular mechanisms controlling energy expenditure and brown fat activation, ... Novel concepts worked on by Vidal-Puig include: Adipose tissue expandability hypothesis. The concept was advanced by him in ... According to the hypothesis, the expansion of adipose tissue (AT) is a normal phenomenon when an individual undergoes sustained ...
VEGFR1
... recently been found to augment the conversion of white adipose tissue to brown adipose tissue as well as increase brown adipose ... "Ablation of endothelial VEGFR1 improves metabolic dysfunction by inducing adipose tissue browning". The Journal of Experimental ...
Bone morphogenetic protein
BMPs are also involved in adipogenesis and functional regulation of adipose tissue. BMP4 favors white adipogenesis, whereas ... BMP7 activates brown fat functionality; BMP inhibitors are also involved in this regulation Originally, seven such proteins ... Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in adipose tissue". Obesity Reviews. 20 (5): 648-658. doi:10.1111/obr.12822. ISSN 1467- ... There are reports of this therapy causing swelling of soft tissue which in turn can cause life-threatening complications due to ...
Neural top-down control of physiology
Vagal activation also controls the generation of lipids in brown adipose tissue. Insulin. Vagal innervation of the pancreas ... and brown adipose tissue nonshivering thermogenesis. This regulation occurs through the sympathetic and parasympathetic system ... "Central efferent pathways mediating skin cooling-evoked sympathetic thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue". AJP: Regulatory, ... from the rostral raphe pallidus to the spinal intermediolateral nucleus nonshivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue. ...
Glycerol phosphate shuttle
... until high GPD1 and GPD2 activity were demonstrated in mammalian brown adipose tissue and pancreatic ß-islets. In this shuttle ... "Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle and its function in intermediate metabolism of hamster brown-adipose tissue". European Journal of ... "Unusually high mitochondrial alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat brown adipose tissue". The Journal of Cell ... Koza RA, Kozak UC, Brown LJ, Leiter EH, MacDonald MJ, Kozak LP (December 1996). "Sequence and tissue-dependent RNA expression ...
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
... and in brown adipose tissue. Their role in gallbladder physiology is unknown, but they are thought to play a role in lipolysis ... Thermogenesis in skeletal muscle It is located mainly in adipose tissue and is involved in the regulation of lipolysis and ... Actions of the β3 receptor include Enhancement of lipolysis in adipose tissue. ... adiponectin receptors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expressions in adipose tissues of obese diabetic KKAy mice". European ...
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"Individual carotenoid concentrations in adipose tissue and plasma as biomarkers of dietary intake". Am J Clin Nutr. 76 (1): 172 ... Reaume A; Elliott J; Hoffman E; Kowall N; Ferrante R; Siwek D; Wilcox H; Flood D; Beal M; Brown R; Scott R; Snider W (1996). " ... Akiba S; Matsugo S; Packer L; Konishi T (1998). "Assay of protein-bound lipoic acid in tissues by a new enzymatic method". Anal ... Stahl W; Schwarz W; Sundquist A; Sies H (1992). "cis-trans isomers of lycopene and beta-carotene in human serum and tissues". ...
Beta-3 adrenergički receptor
... adiponectin receptors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expressions in adipose tissues of obese diabetic KKAy mice.". European ... Functional studies of the first selective β3-adrenergic receptor antagonist SR 59230A in rat brown adipocytes". Mol. Pharmacol. ... Krief S, Lönnqvist F, Raimbault S, et al. (1993). „Tissue distribution of beta 3-adrenergic receptor mRNA in man.". J. Clin. ...
Ati - Wikipédia
"Insulin Action in Hyperthyroidism: A Focus on Muscle and Adipose Tissue". Hellenic National Center for Research, Prevention, ... "Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University; Larry Siu, Julie Foont, dan Jack R. Wands. Dibukak ing 2010-10-09.. ... "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University,; Fausto N, Laird AD, Webber EM. Dibukak ing 2010-07-30.. ... "Section of Biochemistry, Brown University; Cascio S, Zaret KS. Dibukak ing 2010-10-11.. ...
Iranian traditional medicine
... adipose tissue (body fat), synovial fluid, and the mucus lining the lungs, throat, mouth, and nose, which require humidity and ... On the other hand, dark colors such as black, grey, and brown symbolize cold and dry Mizaj, and bright colors such as white and ... All organs and body tissues have a specific Mizaj.[26]. *Heart: The heart has a warm and dry temperament.[27] The constant ... They are normally bulky and quickly gain weight with a body composition of larger proportions of fat rather than muscle tissue ...
Dormancy
... proton gradient generated by electron transport in mitochondria is used to produce heat instead of ATP in brown adipose tissue ... Dormancy is a general term applicable to any instance in which a tissue predisposed to elongate or grow in some other manner ... but not within the dormant tissue itself. Rest (winter dormancy) is a kind of physiological dormancy maintained by agents or ... plant species that exhibit dormancy have a biological clock that tells them when to slow activity and to prepare soft tissues ...
Spinal cord
The epidural space is filled with adipose tissue, and it contains a network of blood vessels. The arachnoid mater, the middle ... Brown-Séquard syndrome Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP, or familial spastic paraplegia - FSP, Strümpell-Lorrain syndrome) ... "An investigation and validation of CT scan in detection of spinal epidural adipose tissue". Medicine. Wolters Kluwer. 99 (10): ... The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the ...
ACTH receptor
In humans, ACTH has little lipolytic effect on adipose tissue. ACTH receptor activation also influences immune function. ... ACTH receptors are also expressed in the skin, and in both white and brown adipocytes, and is expressed in greater ... The ACTH receptor plays a role in glucose metabolism when expressed in white adipose cells. When bound to ACTH, a short-term ... "Melanocortin crosstalk with adipose functions: ACTH directly induces insulin resistance, promotes a pro-inflammatory adipokine ...
ABCA1
... the small intestine and adipose tissue. Factors that act upon the ABCA1 transporter's expression or its posttranslational ... Luu W, Sharpe LJ, Gelissen IC, Brown AJ (August 2013). "The role of signalling in cellular cholesterol homeostasis". IUBMB Life ... It is present in higher quantities in tissues that shuttle or are involved in the turnover of lipids such as the liver, ...
MetLife
... as the elbows do not develop adipose tissue. They presented weight ranges for height, sex and body frame (again associated with ... Brown, Abram (October 30, 2013). "You're An Old Brand, Charlie Brown: The $80M Business Of Peanuts Needs A Turnaround". Forbes ...
Metreleptin
... syndromes characterized by abnormalities in adipose tissue distribution, and severe metabolic abnormalities. The FDA approved ... Brown, Rebecca J (2021-10-22). "Endogenous Leptin Concentrations Poorly Predict Metreleptin Response in Patients with Partial ... where people have a loss of fatty tissue under the skin and a build-up of fat elsewhere in the body such as in the liver and ...
Obesogen
There are many ways in which obesogenic drugs and chemicals can disrupt the body's adipose tissue biology. The three main ... Chen JQ, Brown TR, Russo J (Jul 2009). "Regulation of energy metabolism pathways by estrogens and estrogenic chemicals and ... There are many different proposed mechanisms through which obesogens can interfere with the body's adipose tissue biology. ... adipose tissues, and from within the brain. It is these types of signals that provide a likely target for obesogens that have ...
Pterygoplichthys
Color pattern is generally dark brown with either darker spots or lighter spots or vermiculations. The adult size of a member ... Other characteristics of members of this genus include an underslung suckermouth, evertable cheek plates, adipose fin present, ... and an enlarged stomach connected to the dorsal abdominal wall by a connective tissue sheet. P. anisitsi, P. disjunctivus, P. ...
VAMP2
Valdez AC, Cabaniols JP, Brown MJ, Roche PA (Mar 1999). "Syntaxin 11 is associated with SNAP-23 on late endosomes and the trans ... "Insulin-responsive tissues contain the core complex protein SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) A and B isoforms in ... "Identification of SNAP receptors in rat adipose cell membrane fractions and in SNARE complexes co-immunoprecipitated with ... "Insulin-responsive tissues contain the core complex protein SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein 25) A and B isoforms in ...
Familial multiple lipomatosis
Brown fat is responsible for causing heat in times of stress or cold. For general callus tissue is stimulated by the ... Familial multiple lipomatosis is a hereditary adipose tissue disorder that is characterized by the formation of multiple ... Therapeutic treatments that are recommended for adipose tissue disorders include improving lymphatic flow through exercise and ... while an MRI uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create images of lipomas and surrounding tissues. Both tests are useful ...
Barreleye
Several species also possess either a ventral or dorsal adipose fin, and the caudal fin is forked to emarginated. The anal fin ... The living body of most species is a dark brown, covered in large, silvery imbricate scales, but these are absent in ... but are enclosed within a large transparent dome of soft tissue. These eyes generally gaze upwards, but can also be directed ...
List of skin conditions
X-linked hypertrichosis Conditions of the subcutaneous fat are those affecting the layer of adipose tissue that lies between ... Springer K, Brown M, Stulberg DL (2003). "Common hair loss disorders". Am Fam Physician. 68 (1): 93-102. PMID 12887115. ... The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia. This tissue may be further divided into two ... The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell. The structure of this tissue is composed of septal (i ...
Lemur
Before dry season, they will accumulate fat in white adipose tissue located at the base of the tail and hind legs, doubling ... Tool use has not been witnessed by lemurs in the wild, although in captivity the common brown lemur and the ring-tailed lemur ... Most lemurs have retained the tapetum lucidum, a reflective layer of tissue in the eye, which is found in many vertebrates. ... In the case of mouse lemurs, the gray mouse lemur (M. murinus), golden-brown mouse lemur (M. ravelobensis), and Goodman's mouse ...
Patterson-Gimlin film
1) "Surface Anatomy and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Features in the Analysis of the Patterson-Gimlin Film Hominid," Relict ... "was using brown Dynel in 1967". But Morris wouldn't have wanted a "real dark" brown color, as he chose brown to contrast ... "Surface anatomy and subcutaneous adipose tissue features in the Patterson-Gimlin film hominid" Relict Hominoid Inquiry 2:125-30 ... "silvery brown" or "dark reddish-brown" or "black" hair covering most of its body, including its prominent breasts. The figure ...
Lanternfish
The fins are generally small, with a single high dorsal fin, a forked caudal fin, and an adipose fin. The anal fin is supported ... 2014). "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish tissue may be an indicator of plastic contamination in marine habitats ... while deeper-living species are dark brown to black. Lanternfish are well known for their diel vertical migrations: during ...
Baby fat
... may refer to: Brown adipose tissue, a heat-generating type of tissue present in infants The fat roll on babies during ...
Perilipin-4
It is highly expressed in white adipose tissue, with lower expression in heart, skeletal muscle, and brown adipose tissue. ... PLIN4 is a member of the perilipin family, a group of proteins that coat lipid droplets in adipocytes, the adipose tissue cells ... Soenen S, Mariman EC, Vogels N, Bouwman FG, den Hoed M, Brown L, Westerterp-Plantenga MS (March 2009). "Relationship between ... Calcified Tissue International. 90 (2): 96-107. doi:10.1007/s00223-011-9552-7. PMC 3628693. PMID 22210160. Peters SJ, Samjoo IA ...
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
In rodents, highest mRNA expression levels of PPAR-alpha are found in liver and brown adipose tissue, followed by heart and ... Human PPAR-alpha seems to be expressed more equally among various tissues, with high expression in liver, intestine, heart, and ... Expression of PPAR-α is highest in tissues that oxidize fatty acids at a rapid rate. ... tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in the adult rat". Endocrinology. 137 (1): 354-66. doi:10.1210/endo.137.1. ...
Leptin
... is produced primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue. It also is produced by brown adipose tissue, placenta ( ... both of adipose tissues, as well as of the cartilage and other joint tissues. Alterations in these factors can be the ... Lönnqvist F, Arner P, Nordfors L, Schalling M (September 1995). "Overexpression of the obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of ... This metabolic component related with the release of systemic factors, of a pro-inflammatory nature, by the adipose tissues, ...
Fructolysis
Fructose in muscles and adipose tissue is phosphorylated by hexokinase. Although the metabolism of fructose and glucose share ... It is also present in the form of refined sugars including granulated sugars (white crystalline table sugar, brown sugar, ... present on adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Fructose-1-phosphate then undergoes hydrolysis by fructose-1-phosphate aldolase ... In addition to the liver, fructose is metabolized in the intestines, testis, kidney, skeletal muscle, fat tissue and brain, but ...
Dromedary
In a 2005 study, the mean volume of adipose tissues (in the external part of the hump that have cells to store lipids) is ... A seven-to-eight-year-old camel can produce a carcass of 125-400 kg (276-882 lb). The meat is bright red to a dark brown or ... The coat is generally a shade of brown. The hump, 20 cm (7+7⁄8 in) tall or more, is made of fat bound together by fibrous ... The hump is composed of fat bound together by fibrous tissue. There are no glands on the face; males have glands that appear to ...
Air pollution
When they build up in adipose tissue, they can be transferred across the placenta. In addition to all, air pollution has been ... Stanek, L. W.; Brown, J. S.; Stanek, J.; Gift, J.; Costa, D. L. (2011). "Air Pollution Toxicology-A Brief Review of the Role of ... They can be seen as a brown haze dome above or a plume downwind of cities. Nitrogen dioxide is a chemical compound with the ... One of the most prominent air pollutants, this reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. Carbon monoxide ...
UCP3
"The expression of UCP3 directly correlates to UCP1 abundance in brown adipose tissue". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - ... an uncoupling protein homologue expressed preferentially and abundantly in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue". ... UCP1 is highly expressed in brown adipocytes, UCP2 is variably expressed in many different tissues, and UCP3 is expressed ... Argyropoulos G, Brown AM, Willi SM, Zhu J, He Y, Reitman M, Gevao SM, Spruill I, Garvey WT (October 1998). "Effects of ...
Brown Adipose Tissue: A New Human Organ?
Will functional brown adipose tissue provide a solution to obesity? ... In the context of the increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has re-emerged as a ... The prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing rapidly and functional brown adipose tissue (BAT), with its role in ... Brown adipocytes are present within white adipose depots (BRITE cells) and the transcriptional control of these and classical ...
Brown adipose tissue - Wikipedia
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) or brown fat makes up the adipose organ together with white adipose tissue (or white fat). Brown ... Brown adipose tissue activation may play an important role in bone health and bone density. Brown adipose tissue activation ... several brown adipose tissue deposits have been identified. In infants, brown adipose tissue deposits include, but are not ... all have remarkably high levels of brown adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue activity. BMP7 Irisin Orexin PRDM16 Cinti S ( ...
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Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans
SXR371 Brown adipose tissue: biochemistry - Open University Digital Archive
2021. All rights reserved. The Open University is incorporated by Royal Charter (RC 000391), an exempt charity in England & Wales and a charity registered in Scotland (SC 038302). The Open University is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking. ...
Novel brown adipose tissue candidate genes predicted by the human gene connectome | Scientific Reports
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising therapeutic target against obesity. Therefore, research on the genetic architecture ... Gab2 deficiency suppresses high-fat diet-induced obesity by reducing adipose tissue inflammation and increasing brown adipose ... Svensson, P. A. et al. Gene expression in human brown adipose tissue. Int. J. Mol. Med. 27, 227-232 (2011). ... Novel brown adipose tissue candidate genes predicted by the human gene connectome. *Diego F. Salazar-Tortosa. 1,2, ...
RUTIN, A COLD MIMETIC, ACTIVATES BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE TO INCREASE ENER
... brown adipose tissue) thermogenesis is by exposure to cold (Yuan, 2017). Rutin is a dietary flavonoid shown, in a very recent ... ACTIVATES BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE TO INCREASE ENERGY EXPENDITURE FOR WEIGHT LOSS. The safest way to increase BAT (brown adipose ... tissue formation (in which WAT, white adipose tissue, is converted to a more BAT-like form, a process called "browning"), ... Activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism-for example, after cold exposure BAT "promotes ...
Influenza infection rewires energy metabolism and induces browning features in adipose cells and tissues
However, the impact of influenza infection on white adipose tissue (WAT), a key tissue in the control of systemic energy ... Influenza infection rewires energy metabolism and induces browning features in adipose cells and tissues Commun Biol. 2020 May ... However, the impact of influenza infection on white adipose tissue (WAT), a key tissue in the control of systemic energy ... Overall, our findings shed light on the role that the white adipose tissue, which lies at the crossroads of nutrition, ...
Brown Adipose Tissue: A New Human Organ?
Will functional brown adipose tissue provide a solution to obesity? ... In the context of the increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has re-emerged as a ... The prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing rapidly and functional brown adipose tissue (BAT), with its role in ... Brown adipocytes are present within white adipose depots (BRITE cells) and the transcriptional control of these and classical ...
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IMSEAR at SEARO: Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in mouse brown adipose tissue.
Muralidhara DV, Desautels M. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in mouse brown adipose tissue. Indian Journal of Physiology and ... in very minute concentration in mice brown adipose tissue (BAT). Mice consuming 10% ethanol for 10 days showed significantly ... Measurements of basal and norepinephrine stimulated oxygen consumption of isolated brown adipocytes indicated that the presence ... lowered enzyme activity in brown fat while liver ADH activity was increased but not significantly. ...
18F]BODIPY-triglyceride-containing chylomicron-like particles as an imaging agent for brown adipose tissue in vivo<...
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nonshivering thermogenesis
Determinants of activity of brown adipose tissue in lymphoma patients
How To Increase Brown Adipose Tissue - DAYZ COLONY
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Novel role of autophagy-associated Pik3c3 gene in gonadal white adipose tissue browning in aged C57/Bl6 male mice - [scite...
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Short-term protein restriction at advanced age stimulates FGF21 signalling, energy expenditure and browning of white adipose...
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Microbiota Depletion Impairs Thermogenesis of Brown Adipose Tissue and Browning of White Adipose Tissue
In Vivo Noninvasive Detection of Brown Adipose Tissue through Intermolecular Zero-Quantum MRI<...
In Vivo Noninvasive Detection of Brown Adipose Tissue through Intermolecular Zero-Quantum MRI. In: PloS one. 2013 ; Vol. 8, No ... In Vivo Noninvasive Detection of Brown Adipose Tissue through Intermolecular Zero-Quantum MRI. PloS one. 2013 Sep 10;8(9): ... N2 - The recent discovery of active Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) in adult humans has opened new avenues for obesity research and ... AB - The recent discovery of active Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) in adult humans has opened new avenues for obesity research and ...
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中国科学院动物研究所机构知识库(CAS OpenIR): Brown Adipose Tissue Transplantation Ameliorates Polycystic Ovary
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Diabetes News
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Response to Comment on Espinosa De Ycaza et al. Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in...
The authors posit that adipose tissue (AT) i ... Brown. WA. , et al. Pro-inflammatory CD11c+ CD206+ adipose ... Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2022;71:381-393 Ana Elena Espinosa ... Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2022;71:381-393. Diabetes 1 April ... Adipose tissue inflammation is not related to adipose insulin resistance in humans. Diabetes 2022;71:381-393 (Letter) ...
AdipocytesObesitySubcutaneous adipose tissueInflammationExpenditureMetabolicExipureVisceralMetabolismObeseMiceAbstractMitochondriaRoles in regulating adiWhite adipose tissuesBrownish adipose tissuesTypes of adipose tissueUCP1Human adipose tissueActivate Brown AdiposAdult humansSingle lipid dropletActivity of brown adiposDepotsEnergy2016PerivascularLipidHumansOverweightGenesMacrophagesActivationCold exposureBodyBoost Brown AdiposAdiponectinDistinctFatty acidPhysiologyCellsBRITEWeight gain2020Thermogenic capacityCaloriesGeneFatsExposureCaloric restrictionEctopicGenerate
Adipocytes28
- Brown adipocytes are present within white adipose depots (BRITE cells) and the transcriptional control of these and classical brown adipocytes, remains an area of immense research interest. (medscape.com)
- In contrast to white adipocytes, which contain a single lipid droplet, brown adipocytes contain numerous smaller droplets and a much higher number of (iron-containing) mitochondria, which gives the tissue its color. (wikipedia.org)
- Brown fat cells come from the middle embryo layer, mesoderm, also the source of myocytes (muscle cells), adipocytes, and chondrocytes (cartilage cells). (wikipedia.org)
- Both adipocytes and brown adipocyte may be derived from pericytes, the cells which surround the blood vessels that run through white fat tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- Therefore, its relevance and exclusivity on brown adipocytes is beyond doubt. (nature.com)
- We report depot-specific changes in the WAT of IAV-infected mice, notably characterized by the appearance of thermogenic brown-like adipocytes within the subcutaneous fat depot. (nih.gov)
- Measurements of basal and norepinephrine stimulated oxygen consumption of isolated brown adipocytes indicated that the presence of ADH in BAT of mice is unlikely to play any role in ethanol oxidation. (who.int)
- Abstract In response to cold, norepinephrine (NE)- induced triacylglycerol hydrolysis (lipolysis) in adipocytes of brown adipose tissue (BAT) provides fatty acid substrates to mitochondria for heat generation (adaptive thermogen- esis). (deiodinase.org)
- Mechanistically, the sGC stimulator enhanced expression of thermogenic genes and induced "browning" (i.e. the expression of brown adipocyte-specific markers) of murine and human adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- [5-8] While WATs store excessive energy as lipid droplets within adipocytes, adipocytes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) are engaged in energy dissipation by generating heat. (lww.com)
- All these effects were blunted at 28°C. Additionally, BMP7 resulted in extensive 'browning' of WAT, as evidenced by increased expression of BAT markers and the appearance of whole clusters of brown adipocytes via immunohistochemistry, independent of environmental temperature. (vumc.nl)
- Overexpression of miR-27b had the same effects as dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on the inhibition of brown adipose differentiation and the energy expenditure of primary adipocytes. (uthscsa.edu)
- In vivo, antagonizing miR-27b function in DEX-treated mice resulted in the efficient induction of brown adipocytes within WAT and improved GC-induced central fat accumulation. (uthscsa.edu)
- Veyrat-Durebex C, Poher AL, Caillon A, Montet X, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F. Alterations in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis with emergence of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue in diet-induced obesity-resistant Lou/C rats. (unige.ch)
- Adipose tissues contain lipid-filled adipocytes but are also composed of several other cell types including adipogenic progenitors, endothelial cells, immune cells and neuronal cells. (multibriefs.com)
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains thermogenic adipocytes which produce heat in response to cold, an energy-consuming process. (multibriefs.com)
- Using the same approaches, we are also interested to prioritise and study candidate genes involved in human brown/beige adipocytes differentiation and activation as a strategy to counteract obesity and metabolic complications. (cipf.es)
- Over the past several years, we have identified genes critical for specifying thermogenic adipose fate and have purified the precursor populations from which these adipocytes descend. (upenn.edu)
- Anatomical location (e.g. visceral, subcutaneous, epicardial etc) and cellular composition of adipose tissue (e.g. white, beige, and brown adipocytes, macrophages. (portlandpress.com)
- Male white adipose tissue exhibits the multilocular appearance of brown adipocytes, and expresses UCP1, a specific marker of brown fat. (jax.org)
- BMP8b is secreted by brown/beige adipocytes and enhances energy dissipation. (cam.ac.uk)
- The upper panel shows interscapular white adipocytes (above a layer of muscle and above brown adipose tissue). (phys.org)
- The lower panel shows white adipocytes from the inguinal adipose depot. (phys.org)
- Irisin (Ir), a recently identified adipomyokine, cleaved and secreted to the circulation from the FNDC5 protein in response to physical activity and some environmental conditions has been postulated to induces the differentiation of a subset of white adipocytes into brown fat and mediates the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic homeostasis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- Adipocytes form several types of adipose tissue, at least 2 maybe 3. (wordpress.com)
- adipocytes #fatcells #adiposetissue #brownfat #whitefat #beigefat? (wordpress.com)
- On the other hand, brown adipocytes utilize available energy to generate heat but are only found in a few places in the adult human body. (press-news.org)
- While chronic obesity leads to pathology, acute nutrient excess promotes a protective form of adipose tissue expansion through the generation of new adipocytes (adipogenesis). (vumc.org)
Obesity29
- The prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing rapidly and functional brown adipose tissue (BAT), with its role in energy expenditure, may provide one solution. (medscape.com)
- In the context of the increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has re-emerged as a potentially vital human organ. (medscape.com)
- The therapeutic targeting of brown fat for the treatment of human obesity is an active research field. (wikipedia.org)
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a promising therapeutic target against obesity. (nature.com)
- The recent discovery of active Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) in adult humans has opened new avenues for obesity research and treatment, as reduced BAT activity seem to be implicated in human energy imbalance, diabetes, and hypertension. (umn.edu)
- Some clinical studies suggest that when brown adipose tissue is activated, it can manage some health conditions such as obesity and diabetes . (naturwarriors.com)
- This can be relevant to obesity in that the activity and abundance of brown adipose tissue have been dramatically reduced. (naturwarriors.com)
- With the discovery of brown fat and in that its mass as well as activity is lowered in both obese and diabetic patients, researchers found a promising treatment of obesity and its related disorders. (naturwarriors.com)
- An increase in brown adipose mass could emerge as the best strategy against obesity and related metabolic diseases. (naturwarriors.com)
- Obesity is characterized by excessive fat storage in white adipose tissue (WAT), because of a positive energy balance. (biomedcentral.com)
- Brown adipose tissue-deficient [uncoupling protein (UCP)-promoter- driven diphtheria toxin A (DTA)] mice develop obesity as a result of both decreased energy expenditure and hyperphagia. (elsevier.com)
- Consequently, stimulation or inhibition of angiogenesis alters metabolic functions of adipose tissues and provides a promising opportunity for treatment of obesity and metabolic disease. (lww.com)
- Background/Aims:Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy stored in triglycerides as heat via the uncoupling protein UCP-1 and is a promising target to combat hyperlipidemia and obesity. (vumc.nl)
- Collectively, these results indicate that miR-27b functions as a central target of GC and as an upstream regulator of Prdm16 to control browning of WAT and, consequently, may represent a potential target in preventing obesity. (uthscsa.edu)
- Ectopic fat, therefore, "may result from the failure of subcutaneous adipose tissue to act as a metabolic sink" (Britton and Fox, 2011), creating a "mismatch" between "storage demands" from excess calories and "storage space" that is determined by how much adipose tissue can expand (Carobbio et al, in Engin and Engin, eds, Obesity and Lipotoxicity, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology , 2017). (psychologytoday.com)
- Poher AL, Veyrat-Durebex C, Altirriba J3, Montet X, J Colin D, Caillon A, Lyautey J, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F. Ectopic UCP1 overexpression in white adipose tissue improves insulin sensitivity in Lou/C rats, a model of obesity resistance.Diabetes. (unige.ch)
- Scientifically, our research focuses on a specific area of obesity: the role of adipose tissues (white, brown or beige) with distinct roles in adipose tissue expansion, energy balance and obesity. (ttu.edu)
- Specifically, white adipose tissue (WAT) - the "bad fat" tissue - is the type that expands the most during obesity and reacts the most to obesity by triggering an immune response. (ttu.edu)
- Adaptive changes of the Insig1/SREBP1/SCD1 set point help adipose tissue to cope with increased storage demands of obesity. (cipf.es)
- We are interested adipose biology because of the important roles that fat cells play in human health, in healthy individuals and at the onset of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancers associated with obesity. (upenn.edu)
- Adipose tissue inflammation: a cause or consequence of obesity-related insulin resistance? (portlandpress.com)
- Biomechanical properties of adipose tissue (AT) are closely involved in the development of obesity associated comorbidities. (unav.edu)
- Activation of brown adipose tissue-mediated thermogenesis is a strategy for tackling obesity and promoting metabolic health. (cam.ac.uk)
- Low amounts of brown fats are generally referred to because the leading motive of obesity in obese people. (prep4usmle.com)
- n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis in obesity: Potential relationship with gut microbiota. (inta.cl)
- Foz/foz mice are hyperphagic but wild-type (WT)-matched calorie intake failed to protect against obesity, adipose inflammation and glucose intolerance. (portlandpress.com)
- Brown adipose tissue metabolism is of remarkable pathophysiological interest, because it could be a target for future therapies for obesity and metabolic syndrome. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- Since brown fat cells are able to burn calories, they could potentially play a role in strategies to reduce obesity and its associated disorders. (nih.gov)
- Preventing diet-induced obesity in mice by adipose tissue transformation and angiogenesis using targeted nanoparticles. (nih.gov)
Subcutaneous adipose tissue3
- Conclusion: REE, PA levels and diet are not associated with browning formation indices of subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy adult men. (famelab.gr)
- Blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were collected before and after CE to investigate changes in metabolic parameters and gene expression. (tum.de)
- Anatomy and physiology of subcutaneous adipose tissue by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy: relationships with sex and presence of cellulite. (thefreelibrary.com)
Inflammation13
- Adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with inflammation, metabolic syndrome and other diseases in aging. (scite.ai)
- Recent work has demonstrated that compromised autophagy activity in aging adipose tissue promotes ER stress responses, contributing to adipose tissue and systemic inflammation in aging. (scite.ai)
- Transcriptome analysis of eWAT identified tissue remodeling and inflammation as the most affected processes. (frontiersin.org)
- Our data show that tissue remodeling, inflammation and neuroendocrine signaling are early responses in WAT to a moderate decrease in environmental temperature. (frontiersin.org)
- Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The authors posit that adipose tissue (AT) inflammation could mediate the association between fat cell size (FCS) and AT insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
- B cells have emerged as important immune cells in the regulation of visceral adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis. (frontiersin.org)
- These compounds lessen WAT inflammation while also activating brown and beige fat. (ttu.edu)
- Themes covered by the studies that were eligible for review included inflammation, adipose tissue, blood circulation, immune system, and oxidative stress. (news-medical.net)
- Regulation of adipose tissue inflammation by pollutants. (thefreelibrary.com)
- We further demonstrate that transgenic expression of IL-6 in the prostate activates oncogenic pathways, induces autocrine IL-6 secretion and steadily-state of STAT3 activation in the prostate tissue, upregulates paracrine insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis, reprograms prostate oncogenic gene expression, and more intriguingly, amplifies inflammation in the prostate and peri-prostatic adipose tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
- Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα) exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity, and are required for the control of the adipose inflammation process their role in the GD and GO pathogenesis has been proposed. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- For example, DDTs have experimentally produced at least two key characteristics of carcinogens in adipose: inflammation (e.g. macrophage infiltration) and altered nutrient supply (e.g. perturbed nutrient processing and increased adipose mass). (cdc.gov)
Expenditure15
- Outcome parameters included fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels, muscle strength, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure (EE) and transcriptomics of brown and white adipose tissue (WAT). (rug.nl)
- Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA) uncoupling in skeletal muscle and mitochondrial uncoupling via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown/beige adipose tissue are two mechanisms implicated in energy expenditure. (jbc.org)
- [10-12] In addition to deposition and expenditure of energy, adipose tissues are probably the largest endocrine organ in the body, which produce a myriad of endocrine hormones and adipokines. (lww.com)
- A plausible manner to increase energy expenditure is the enhancement of thermogenic pathways in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). (bioseek.eu)
- Here we show that systemic ablation of Treg cells compromised the adaptation of whole-body energy expenditure to cold exposure, correlating with impairment in thermogenic marker gene expression and massive invasion of pro-inflammatory macrophages in brown adipose tissue (BAT). (helmholtz-muenchen.de)
- Background: Regular exercise and diet may contribute to white adipose tissue (WAT) conversion into a brown adipose-like phenotype that may increase resting energy expenditure (REE), leading to weight loss. (famelab.gr)
- Chili decreases energy expenditure by activating brown adipose tissue. (brudirect.com)
- Caloriburn-GP ™ is a standardized Grains of Paradise extract, which has been shown to upregulate the Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) activity which significantly increases energy expenditure, regulates metabolism and optimizes body composition. (naturalscience.com)
- Menthol: Recent evidence supports the role of menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, in enhanced energy expenditure, thermogenesis and BAT-like activity in classical WAT (White Adipose Tissue) depots in a TRPM8 dependent and independent manner. (naturalscience.com)
- Menthol administration at bioavailable doses significantly increased "browning/brite" and energy expenditure phenotype, and enhanced mitochondrial activity related gene expression. (naturalscience.com)
- The initial research in imaging will help identify 'brown fat' in humans, a type of fat that drives energy expenditure and may potentially benefit metabolic endpoints. (iberkshires.com)
- Diagnostics and imaging techniques can make a significant impact on the detection and management of diabetes and its complications, and Joslin's interest in brown fat stimulation and energy expenditure is an exciting area to apply this to,' said Cypess. (iberkshires.com)
- Adipocyte-specific FGF21, which is endocrine FGF subfamily, knockout mice exhibit the inhibition of white adipose tissue browning in adaptive thermogenesis, and central infusion of FGF21 in obese rats increases insulin-induced suppression of hepatic glucose production and gluconeogenic expression, which in turn increases energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
- He has also identified mechanisms through which skeletal muscle can influence the function of other tissues in the body, including white adipose tissue, to regulate whole body energy expenditure and utilisation. (edu.au)
- Here we report that the deletion of Th in hematopoietic cells of adult mice neither alters energy expenditure upon cold exposure nor reduces browning in inguinal adipose tissue. (ttu.edu)
Metabolic19
- Brown adipose tissue, or brown fat, is a distinct type of body fat that plays multiple roles in the body, including maintaining body temperature, improving insulin sensitivity and metabolic function, and more. (themodelhealthshow.com)
- Specifically, when it comes to metabolic health the function and responsibility of brown fat is often overlooked, but the science is fascinating. (themodelhealthshow.com)
- You're also going to learn specific action steps you can take to influence your body's brown fat ratios and functionality for better metabolic health. (themodelhealthshow.com)
- The link between brown fat levels and metabolic function . (themodelhealthshow.com)
- [16-18] In metabolically active adipose tissues such as thermogenically active BAT, angiogenesis concomitantly occurs to cope with metabolic alterations. (lww.com)
- In the last 15 years, the identification of novel endogenous mechanisms to promote BAT activity or browning of WAT has pointed at gut microbiota as an important modulator of host metabolic homeostasis and energy balance. (bioseek.eu)
- Specifically, we reviewed the effects of fasting, caloric restriction, cold stress and metabolic endotoxemia on both browning and gut microbiota shifts. (bioseek.eu)
- Then they underwent PET scans and CT scans to measure the location and metabolic activity of brown fat deposits. (kpbs.org)
- The Scandinavian researchers found that exposure to chilly temperatures caused a 15-fold increase in the metabolic rate of brown fat in their healthy adult volunteers. (kpbs.org)
- Researchers speculate that brown fat could be activated by a drug targeted at particular parts of brown fat's metabolic pathways. (kpbs.org)
- Reduced brown adipose tissue activity during cold exposure is a metabolic feature of the human thrifty phenotype. (nih.gov)
- state and time-resolved fluorescence from intracellular metabolic co-factors and lipid droplets can distinguish the functional states of excised white, brown, and cold-induced beige fat. (tufts.edu)
- This lipid, released by so-called brown fat, may account for some of the beneficial metabolic changes linked to physical activity, and boosting it may help reduce triglyceride levels, improve cardiovascular health, and regulate weight. (labmanager.com)
- Since humans have limited amounts of active BAT, we also are determining mechanisms by which the above bioactive compounds can improve metabolic health independent of brown fat by engineering models that lack a specialized BAT protein, called uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). (ttu.edu)
- For example, ectopic fat depots, such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) are risk factors for insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
- Cold weather and thermogenic demand is a very powerful way to make brown fat, which correlates to metabolic health," says Shingo Kajimura, a professor in the Department of Cell Tissue and Biology at UCSF and a leading researcher in their Diabetes Center . (askmen.com)
- Kajimura was part of a team that pioneered research connecting brown fat's role in the metabolic process that specifically takes off when the body is under exertion in colder conditions. (askmen.com)
- Instead, it offers a complete metabolic transformation, allowing the body to switch to a different fat management strategy, that is, by activating brown fat. (marylandreporter.com)
- Results showed not only a decrease in body fat and an increase in skeletal muscle mass, but also changes in metabolic flexibility, insulin resistance, and browning adiposity. (rougecare.ca)
Exipure21
- Can Exipure Activate Bat (Brown Adipose Tissue) & Burn Fat? (massagetherapyschools.net)
- Exipure, a natural and herbal-infused dietary supplement, claims to help you lose weight by increasing your brown fat. (outlookindia.com)
- Exipure is an all-natural product that improves the body's brown adipose tissue (BAT) to aid in weight loss. (outlookindia.com)
- This is why Exipure came up with the innovative idea to increase Brown Adipose Tissues (BAT), which can help melt more calories than you intake daily. (dvdhype.com)
- Active ingredients in Exipure such as White Korean Ginseng, Kudzu, and also holy basil service raising Brownish Adipose Tissue degrees in your body. (dvdhype.com)
- We will certainly require to understand what Brown Fat (BAT) is, its functionality, as well as how it contributes to weight shredding through Exipure. (dvdhype.com)
- Exipure has the best blend of components that will assist boost the development of brown adipose tissues or improve the power of the existing tissues. (dvdhype.com)
- Exipure is a supplement made from natural ingredients targeting your Brown Adipose Tissue or BAT, and this Exipure review will tell you that it does so with no side effects. (instapaper.com)
- Since making its original debut in late October 2021, Exipure has become one of the most sought weight loss supplements for burning fat and losing weight due to its exotic hack, tropical loophole, and fat-dissolving formula that is made to target the one common denominator all overweight people share in common, low brown adipose tissue levels. (islandssounder.com)
- The Exipure supplement is manufactured to support weight loss in people with all types of body compositions because it is going after a new type of body fat distinction, brown, as opposed to white, as the primary culprit for unexplained weight gain. (islandssounder.com)
- What are Exipure ingredients, and how do they help in activating brown fat? (marylandreporter.com)
- This is why Exipure developed the revolutionary idea to boost Brownish Adipose Tissues (BAT), which can assist shed more calories than you consumption daily. (dvdhype.com)
- Ingredients in Exipure such as White Korean Ginseng, Kudzu, and also divine basil deal with enhancing Brown Adipose Tissue degrees in your body. (dvdhype.com)
- We will certainly need to comprehend what Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is, its functionality, and also how it contributes to weight shredding with Exipure. (dvdhype.com)
- Exipure has the perfect blend of ingredients that will aid enhance the development of brown adipose tissues or enhance the power of the existing cells. (dvdhype.com)
- Exipure is a brand-new, all-natural weight-loss formula that works by changing brown fat tissue levels in our bodies to help us eat more calories. (nutrahealthgrow.com)
- According to the Exipure weight loss product developers, BAT can consume multiple times more calories in your body than normal tissues and cells. (nutrahealthgrow.com)
- Exipure is a new weight loss formula designed to help you lose weight by activating brown adipose tissue. (home.blog)
- Exipure is a healthy weight loss support supplement formulated by doctors with 8 exotic ingredients and plant-based herbal extracts that boost brown fat conversion by targeting low brown adipose tissue ( BAT ) levels, the newly discovered weight gain culprit. (home.blog)
- Exipure is an all-natural nutritional blend that sustains healthy weight management by converting white fat right into brown fat. (lifeslittlecelebrations.net)
- Exipure is a natural nutritional blend that supports healthy weight management by transforming white fat into brown fat. (cosmosatellite.com)
Visceral3
- 99m Tc-GLU or its peptides were detected in the blood, liver and visceral adipose tissue, suggesting that gluten can even reach extraintestinal organs. (nature.com)
- Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue biopsies were collected from healthy ( n =13) and PE ( n =13) mothers. (portlandpress.com)
- Cinnamaldehyde, the active compound in cinnamon, which also gives it its flavor, is an aromatic compound that stimulates the metabolism of the fatty visceral tissue, the fat that accumulates in our abdomen. (naturalscience.com)
Metabolism17
- Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns fat to produce heat when the body is exposed to cold and plays a role in energy metabolism. (jci.org)
- Activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism-for example, after cold exposure BAT "promotes the clearance of excessive triglycerides in the plasma by increasing lipid uptake into BAT," where it is subsequently metabolized to create heat (thermogenesis) (Yuan, 2017). (life-enhancement.com)
- Overall, our findings shed light on the role that the white adipose tissue, which lies at the crossroads of nutrition, metabolism and immunity, may play in influenza infection. (nih.gov)
- Scientists are beginning to work on ways to increase people's stores of brown fat and to turn up its metabolism to make it burn calories faster. (kpbs.org)
- Brun J, Berthou F, Trajkovski M, Maechler P, Foti M, Bonnet N. Bone Regulates Browning and Energy Metabolism Through Mature Osteoblast/Osteocyte PPARγ Expression. (unige.ch)
- But several years of research have begun confirming brown fat's advantages, principally a role in speeding up the body's metabolism. (medicaldaily.com)
- Dr Paul Lee and Associate Professor Jerry Greenfield, of Garvan's Diabetes and Metabolism Division, have long been interested in whether brown fat might have a role beyond keeping us cosy. (neurosciencenews.com)
- There are three major types of adipose cells (white, brown, beige) that have differing effects on energy balance and metabolism. (upenn.edu)
- 2021-04-12] Anthony Angueira and Alex Saker 's manuscript on the developmental origins of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has been published at Nature Metabolism . (upenn.edu)
- These adipokines play crucial roles in whole-body metabolism with different mechanisms of action largely dependent on the tissue or cell type they are acting on. (portlandpress.com)
- The endocrine system is a collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, sleep, and mood. (nifs.org)
- HudsonAlpha Inst Biotech) also discussed how brown fat cycles between a more dormant state (torpor) to an active state (arousal) to match the metabolism of the whole animal during those phases. (scienceblogs.com)
- Scientists have found a unique connection between brown adipose tissue , or brown fat, levels in the body and boosting metabolism for fast weight loss . (powerleadsystem.org)
- There are two types of fat cells in the body, white fat cells (energy storing) and brown fat cells (energy burning) , and each plays a different role in our metabolism. (powerleadsystem.org)
- Compounds such as rosiglitazone (Rosi) and prostaglandin E2 analog (PGE2) have been shown to have "browning" effects on white fat tissue-increasing metabolism and the growth of new blood vessels. (nih.gov)
- 12-Lipoxygenase Regulates Cold Adaptation and Glucose Metabolism by Producing the Omega-3 Lipid 12-HEPE from Brown Fat. (harvard.edu)
- Alterations in thyroid function test findings may reflect changes in production of thyroid hormone by effects on the thyroid itself, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, on peripheral tissue metabolism of the hormones, or by a combination of these effects. (medscape.com)
Obese8
- The surprising role that brown fat plays in an obese body. (themodelhealthshow.com)
- The one with no detectable brown fat was the most obese. (kpbs.org)
- Researchers don't know yet whether people become obese in part because they lack brown fat, or whether their brown fat stores go away after they become obese. (kpbs.org)
- Brown fat is scarcer in obese people, and for years researchers have wondered about the mechanism behind the reduction. (medicaldaily.com)
- Our question is not why obese patients develop comorbidities but how to make them resilient, and we hypothesise that this depends on the mechanisms that keep their adipose tissue healthy irrespectively of its size. (cipf.es)
- Mapping of human brown adipose tissue in lean and obese young men. (nih.gov)
- It is seen that slim individuals have higher fat BAT levels in their body, while overweight or obese individuals have reduced brown adipose levels in the body. (dvdhype.com)
- Nanoparticles designed to target white fat and convert it to calorie-burning brown fat slowed weight gain in obese mice without affecting food intake. (nih.gov)
Mice11
- The present work provides evidence for the occurrence of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in very minute concentration in mice brown adipose tissue (BAT). (who.int)
- Mice consuming 10% ethanol for 10 days showed significantly lowered enzyme activity in brown fat while liver ADH activity was increased but not significantly. (who.int)
- Housing of laboratory mice at room temperature (22°C) might be considered a constant cold stress, which induces a thermogenic program in brown adipose tissue (BAT). (frontiersin.org)
- Here, we show that despite a normal mitochondrial respiratory capacity, NE-induced lipolysis is abrogated in the inter- scapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) of these mice. (deiodinase.org)
- Scientists have now created human brown fat cells in the lab and tranferred it into mice. (dictionary.com)
- We recently demonstrated that Ames dwarf mice have hyperactive brown adipose tissue (BAT), and hypothesized that this may in part be due to their increased surface to mass ratio leading to increased heat loss and an increased demand for thermogenesis. (aging-us.com)
- Loss of Adipocyte STAT5 Confers Increased Depot-Specific Adiposity in Male and Female Mice That Is Not Associated With Altered Adipose Tissue Lipolysis. (duke-nus.edu.sg)
- But brown fat literally burns the fatty acids (in a process called oxidation) to generate heat that warms up the chilly mice. (phys.org)
- Thioesterase superfamily member (Them) 1 (synonym: Acot11) is enriched in brown adipose tissue and is markedly upregulated when mice are exposed to cold ambient temperatures. (harvard.edu)
- Thermogenic adaptation to high-fat diet (HFD) or to cold exposure was severely impaired in foz/foz mice compared with HFD-fed WT littermates due to lower sympathetic tone in their brown adipose tissue (BAT). (portlandpress.com)
- Mice treated with targeted nanoparticles had smaller fat cells, more blood vessels, and higher levels of brown fat markers. (nih.gov)
Abstract1
- abstract = "Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is present in human adults and the current gold standard to visualize and quantify BAT is [F-18] FDG PET-CT. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Mitochondria15
- Both share the presence of small lipid droplets and numerous iron-rich mitochondria, giving the brown appearance. (wikipedia.org)
- It has greater variability in lipid droplet size and a greater proportion of lipid droplets to mitochondria than white fat, giving it a light brown appearance. (wikipedia.org)
- UCP1 is considered a hallmark of brown adipocyte, and is involved in the uncoupling of the electron-transport chain in the mitochondria inner membrane 1 . (nature.com)
- Increased thermogenesis in BAT was detected by the induction of "beige" tissue formation (in which WAT, white adipose tissue, is converted to a more BAT-like form, a process called "browning"), activating SIRT1/PPARgamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha/mitochondrial transcription factor, increasing the number of mitochondria, and increasing UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) activity. (life-enhancement.com)
- The brown color is due to the presence of mitochondria which plays a key role in weight management due to their ability to perform calorie burn and energy production. (alphanewscall.com)
- This brown fat contains more mitochondria compared to white fat. (naturwarriors.com)
- Mitochondria are the source of brown fat that burns calories to generate heat. (naturwarriors.com)
- White adipose tissue has a single lipid droplet, but brown adipose tissue contains small lipid droplets combined with a high number of irons containing mitochondria. (naturwarriors.com)
- Unlike the more familiar white fat, brown fat contains a lot of heat-generating mitochondria, the power plants of cells. (hawaiipublicradio.org)
- Brownish Adipose Tissue, or BAT, is packed with numerous mitochondria or the powerhouse of cells. (dvdhype.com)
- As a result, whatever fat you take in, the fatty molecules will be kept in the white adipose, which doesn't contain numerous mitochondria. (dvdhype.com)
- The major difference between white fat and brown fat is the number of mitochondria . (powerleadsystem.org)
- White fat has much fewer mitochondria, and more fat droplets, than brown fat. (powerleadsystem.org)
- Because brown fat is densely-packed with mitochondria, it is able to produce heat on its own. (powerleadsystem.org)
- You have fewer mitochondria than brown fat. (wordpress.com)
Roles in regulating adi1
- This editorial provides updated knowledge and understanding of vascular roles in regulating adipose tissue functions. (lww.com)
White adipose tissues2
- White adipose tissues are found under the skin and around the organs, while brown adipose fats are found in shoulder blades and under the skin. (naturwarriors.com)
- Unlike most other tissues in the body, adipose tissues, in particular white adipose tissues (WATs), experience expansion and shrinkage throughout the entire adult life. (lww.com)
Brownish adipose tissues1
- It services brownish adipose tissues and also makes the body store fat in the form of brown fat layers. (dvdhype.com)
Types of adipose tissue1
- Mammals have two types of adipose tissue, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). (edu.au)
UCP14
- Here, we investigated the effects of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition via lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment on SERCA uncoupling in skeletal muscle and UCP1 expression in adipose. (jbc.org)
- In adipose, LiCl treatment inhibited GSK3 in inguinal WAT (iWAT) but not in brown adipose tissue under chow-fed conditions, which in turn led to an increase in UCP1 in iWAT and a beiging-like effect with a multilocular phenotype. (scintica.com)
- The uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene is thought to be extremely expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) that capabilities in thermogenesis. (aabioetica.org)
- Expression of UCP1, a marker of brown fat cells, was significantly raised by the targeted nanoparticles as well. (nih.gov)
Human adipose tissue2
Activate Brown Adipos2
- It is formulated to be a safe and effective weight loss formula that has scientifically proven benefits in supporting fat loss by way of boosting brown fat levels naturally due to this newly discovered tropical loophole of an exotic hack that works to activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) levels quickly. (islandssounder.com)
- NE enhances thermogenesis through β3-adrenergic receptors to activate brown adipose tissue and by 'browning' white adipose tissue. (ttu.edu)
Adult humans4
- The presence of brown adipose tissue in adult humans was discovered in 2003 during FDG-PET scans to detect metastatic cancers. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2009, researchers showed adult humans also have brown fat that responds to cold temperatures. (dictionary.com)
- Recently it was discovered that adult humans possess a substantial mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT), a tissue that consumes stored lipid to produce heat. (upenn.edu)
- However, recent studies have shown that adult humans possess brown adipose tissue. (bestbreakfastforweightloss.com)
Single lipid droplet1
- White adipose tissue, I especially enjoy setting in your single lipid droplet (again, like dropping yolk to mix my egg tempera paint). (wordpress.com)
Activity of brown adipos2
- Which foods are helpful in influencing the activity of brown adipose tissue. (themodelhealthshow.com)
- The gut microbiota modulates both browning of white adipose tissue and the activity of brown adipose tissue. (bioseek.eu)
Depots1
- These "anatomically distinct" depots of white adipose tissue are "distinct mini-organs" (Hepler and Gupta, 2017). (psychologytoday.com)
Energy16
- However, the impact of influenza infection on white adipose tissue (WAT), a key tissue in the control of systemic energy homeostasis, has not been yet characterized. (nih.gov)
- In an acute cold exposure, this is achieved by the combination of shivering thermogenesis-heat production resulting from muscle contractions-and non-shivering thermogenesis where energy is dissipated mainly in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and to a lesser extent via increased futile cycling. (frontiersin.org)
- In contrast to WAT, brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy and produces heat - a process known as non-shivering thermogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Brown adipose tissue and its role in energy balance. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- The primary task or duty of the brown fat is to burn saved fat and transform it into energy that can be made use of for numerous activities. (massagetherapyschools.net)
- White adipose tissue "plays a key homeostatic role" not only because it stores energy but also because it can mobilize this energy quickly (Pellegrinelli et al, Diabetologia , 2016). (psychologytoday.com)
- One mechanism hypothesized is that since the storage capacity of subcutaneous adipose cells is not infinite, it reaches its limit in this state of positive energy balance. (psychologytoday.com)
- Stored around your collarbone are deposits of brown adipose tissue (fat) that help burn energy. (medicaldaily.com)
- But heat generation is an energy-sucking process, so brown adipose tissue springs into action only when it's needed. (brainfacts.org)
- Australian scientists have shown that brown fat - a special type of fat that burns energy to produce heat - may also help to keep blood sugar steady in adults. (neurosciencenews.com)
- Unlike white fat, which primarily stores energy, brown fat burns energy - often in remarkably large amounts. (neurosciencenews.com)
- White adipose tissue is specialized for storing excess energy (as triglyceride) after eating and releasing energy between meals and in times of nutrient deprivation. (upenn.edu)
- The increase in Beige Adipose tissue (which burns lipids for energy to make heat) leads to a higher caloric output and a decrease in fat mass overall. (naturalscience.com)
- Without going too deep into the science, in colder conditions, your body will expend more energy and create more brown fat to regulate temperature. (askmen.com)
- Adipose tissue has an essential role in the regulation of systemic energy balance. (edu.au)
- Brown fat, in contrast, burns energy to create heat and help maintain body temperature. (nih.gov)
20162
Perivascular1
- Adipose tissue surrounding major arteries (Perivascular adipose tissue or PVAT) has long been thought to exist to provide vessel support and insulation. (frontiersin.org)
Lipid4
- The lipid 12,13-diHOME is produced by brown adipose tissue (BAT), or brown fat. (labmanager.com)
- The study shows that white adipose tissue breaks down stored fat to become circulating fatty acids while brown fat releases a lipid that promotes the uptake of these fatty acids into working muscles during exercise. (labmanager.com)
- Surgically removing the animals' brown fat eliminated the effect, suggesting that brown fat itself generates the lipid. (labmanager.com)
- Brown adipose tissue, each of your cells includes several lipid droplets. (wordpress.com)
Humans5
- Brown fat in humans in the scientific and popular literature refers to two cell populations defined by both anatomical location and cellular morphology. (wikipedia.org)
- However, clinical applications are currently limited by the lack of non-invasive tools for measuring mass and function of this tissue in humans. (umn.edu)
- With this method we can exploit the characteristic cellular structure of BAT to selectively image it, even when (as in humans) it is intimately mixed with other tissues. (umn.edu)
- Humans and other mammals with high levels of brown fat take longer to shiver compared to those with low levels. (naturwarriors.com)
- Brown Adipose Reporting Criteria in Imaging STudies (BARCIST 1.0): Recommendations for Standardized FDG-PET/CT Experiments in Humans. (nih.gov)
Overweight4
- The Dutch team studied brown fat activity in 24 healthy young men - 10 of them lean and the others overweight. (kpbs.org)
- A lot of overweight individuals are seen to have low levels of brown adipose tissue. (massagetherapyschools.net)
- Thus, raising the adipose tissue BAT degrees in the body makes it simpler for overweight people to get fat and get rid of the unusual gain of weight. (dvdhype.com)
- It is seen that slim people have higher adipose tissue BAT levels in their body, while overweight or overweight people have reduced brownish adipose degrees in the body. (dvdhype.com)
Genes5
- Using in vitro approaches, we find that IAV infection enhances the expression of brown-adipogenesis-related genes in preadipocytes. (nih.gov)
- Despite that, BMP7 diminished white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, accompanied by increased expression of genes related to intracellular lipolysis in WAT. (vumc.nl)
- Conversely, antagonizing miR-27b function prevented DEX suppression of the expression of brown adipose tissue-specific genes. (uthscsa.edu)
- Moreover, L. reuteri 263 might induce browning of WAT due to the higher mRNA levels of browning-related genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, PR domain containing-16, Pparγ coactivator-1α, bone morphogenetic protein-7 and fibroblast growth factor-21 in the 1X and 5X groups compared to the HE group. (elsevier.com)
- RNA sequence analysis showed that differential genes were mainly concentrated in striated muscle cells, vascular smooth muscle, and other tissues. (researchsquare.com)
Macrophages1
- In agreement with these findings, adipose-tissue-resident macrophages did not express TH. (ttu.edu)
Activation4
- The shivering effect achieved is the body reminding you how tremendously stupid you are…but it is great for brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (skylertanner.com)
- The effects cold exposure has on brown adipose tissue activation. (themodelhealthshow.com)
- Genotype-Dependent Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. (cdc.gov)
- Elevation of serum levels of IL-6 or activation of IL-6 signaling pathways in the tumor tissue correlates with the shortened overall survival and time to progression in prostate cancer [ 8 - 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cold exposure3
- How long-term mild cold exposure can stimulate brown fat growth . (themodelhealthshow.com)
- Cold exposure in water - or air - appears also to increase the production of adiponectin by adipose tissue. (news-medical.net)
- Sooo…I hear white fat can brown with chronic cold exposure. (wordpress.com)
Body42
- These supply the tissue with oxygen and nutrients and distribute the produced heat throughout the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Researches have revealed that BeLiv enhances the level of anti-inflammatory omega 3 and 6 fatty acids in the body, which brown adipose tissue beliv blood sugar drops reduces swelling as well as can enhance cognitive function. (cozynookcurlys.com)
- These effects were characterized by increased plasma levels of FGF21, browning of subcutaneous WAT, increased body temperature and EE, while no changes were observed in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. (rug.nl)
- However, the early adaptive response of white adipose tissue (WAT), the fat storage organ of the body, to a change from thermoneutrality to room temperature is not known. (frontiersin.org)
- Brown fat and white fat are two types of cells found in the body and are both made up of loose connective tissues. (naturwarriors.com)
- Brown adipose tissue is a less common type of fat in the body that is thermogenic, while white fat is less abundant and non- thermogenic. (naturwarriors.com)
- An increased mass of brown adipose tissue at birth is related to decreased accumulation of body fat during the first six months of newborns' life. (naturwarriors.com)
- In adults, a reduced mass of brown adipose tissue and activities has been observed in them as age goes by and may impact the accumulation of body fat . (naturwarriors.com)
- Exposing your body to cool and cold temperatures might help build up more brown fat cells. (naturwarriors.com)
- During exercise, the body produces a protein called irisin, which might help browning of white fat. (naturwarriors.com)
- So, activities like walking, jogging, swimming or attending the gym can increase brown fat in your body. (naturwarriors.com)
- Where brown fat is located in the body. (themodelhealthshow.com)
- It still remains unknown how size "mechanistically initiates and drives" alterations in white adipose tissue (Mejhert and Rydén, 2020), and even "why the body can store subcutaneous fat abundantly when overeating but nevertheless fails to store all of it. (psychologytoday.com)
- The other 95 percent, a new study finds, is busy regulating how well your body burns calories through brown fat. (medicaldaily.com)
- The "good" type of fat, brown adipose tissue, burns lipids and carbs to generate heat and raise body temperature. (brainfacts.org)
- When opsin 5 neurons detect violet light, they inhibit brown adipose tissue activity and keep the body temperature stable. (brainfacts.org)
- In the absence of violet light, opsin 5 neurons allow brown adipose tissue to generate heat and raise the body temperature. (brainfacts.org)
- This response kicks in to maintain body temperature in the cold, notably in our brown adipose tissue - brown fat. (newscientist.com)
- Currently, my laboratory focuses on the cold-induced thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue, muscle and autonomic nervous system activities, and body and skin temperature in response to subtle changes in environmental temperature in different populations. (nih.gov)
- When the body needs to raise the temperature, brown fat burns up calories to get the job done. (hawaiipublicradio.org)
- Before you shiver, your body is already turning on the heat from the brown fat," he tells Shots. (hawaiipublicradio.org)
- Yet in typical conditions, your body does not have the normal focus of brown adipose tissues. (dvdhype.com)
- Further, testosterone has a known effect on the nervous system: it increases neurotransmitters, and it acts on every tissue in the body. (nifs.org)
- As you can see from this information, these are just a few areas you can target to start producing testosterone and therefore, affect the tissues within your body. (nifs.org)
- This countercurrent heat exchange allows the core of the body to remain warm while limiting heat loss when the extremities are cold, but not so cold that tissue damage occurs. (psmag.com)
- Brown fat, or brown adipose tissue, is a type of body fat that's activated when the body gets colder. (askmen.com)
- The review provided insights into positive links between cold water swimming and brown adipose tissue (BAT), a type of 'good' body fat that is activated by cold. (news-medical.net)
- Once inside the body, these ingredients start working on breaking fat layers and storing the new fat in the form of brown adipose tissue. (marylandreporter.com)
- Brown fat is a normal part of the human body, and shifting the body to store brown fat instead of white fat is an absolutely natural procedure. (marylandreporter.com)
- With time, the brown fat levels decrease, and if the body experiences poor dietary choices and a sedentary lifestyle, it eventually goes to zero. (marylandreporter.com)
- also, the presence of brown fat indicates a healthy body and weight. (marylandreporter.com)
- It works with brown adipose tissues and makes the body shop fat in the form of brown fat layers. (dvdhype.com)
- Yet in typical problems, your body doesn't have the usual focus of brown fats. (dvdhype.com)
- The use of hydrogel-based biomaterials for the delivery and recruitment of cells to promote tissue regeneration in the body is of growing interest. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- It's well accepted that exposing your body to cold temperatures can increase the conversion of beige to brown fat, and increase the activity of brown fat. (drcolbert.com)
- Brown adipose tissue is suitable for weight loss as it uses up blood glucose and fat molecules to create heat and help maintain body temperature. (powerleadsystem.org)
- Having an increased level of brown adipose tissue pushes your body to burn sugar and reduce dangerous white fat through a process known as thermogenesis. (powerleadsystem.org)
- This formula helps your body create more brown adipose tissue so your body can naturally burn more fat. (powerleadsystem.org)
- In the human body, white adipose tissue is by far the most prevalent. (press-news.org)
- Scientists at the University of Nottingham have discovered that caffeine can activate the brown adipose tissue in your body, which is responsible for burning calories and maintaining body temperature in cold conditions. (bestbreakfastforweightloss.com)
- Besides, ASCs provide several advantages, such as ease of availability, abundance in the human body, and good tissue regeneration and repair effects. (researchsquare.com)
- This binding inhibitor can be present both in the serum and in body tissues and might inhibit uptake of thyroid hormones by cells or prevent binding to nuclear T3 receptors, thus inhibiting the action of the hormone. (medscape.com)
Boost Brown Adipos1
- An Ideal Formula To Boost Brown Adipose Tissue! (alphanewscall.com)
Adiponectin1
- The cumulative loss of fat leads to a decrease in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin. (medscape.com)
Distinct3
- Classification of brown fat refers to two distinct cell populations with similar functions. (wikipedia.org)
- Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München: Brown adipose tissue harbors a distinct sub-population of regulatory T cells. (helmholtz-muenchen.de)
- Therefore, these studies establish the potential of non-invasive, high resolution, endogenous contrast, two-photon imaging to identify distinct adipose tissue types, monitor their functional state, and characterize heterogeneity of induced responses. (tufts.edu)
Fatty acid7
- This study identifies a tissue, which can be easily accessed for analytical measurement of trans fatty acid. (hindawi.com)
- In this cross-sectional study, fatty acid in adipose tissue, cheek epithelium, and blood samples were assessed by gas chromatography. (hindawi.com)
- Spearman correlation coefficient was computed to study the correlation of fatty acid distribution among the three tissues. (hindawi.com)
- This study is the first to report trans fatty acid profile in cheek epithelium giving scope for utilizing the cheek epithelium as a tissue for objective assessment of trans fatty acid intake. (hindawi.com)
- Blood fractions, serum, plasma, and erythrocytes are widely used in epidemiological studies to assess trans fatty acid intake but indicate short-term intake as compared to adipose tissue. (hindawi.com)
- We studied the cheek trans fatty acid level and correlated the same with that in adipose and serum. (hindawi.com)
- Corrigendum: The cold-induced lipokine 12,13-diHOME promotes fatty acid transport into brown adipose tissue. (harvard.edu)
Physiology2
- By definition, ectopic fat is excess adipose tissue invading and encasing areas that are "not classically" associated with fat storage (Britton and Fox, 2011), i.e., triglycerides deposited "within cells of nonadipose tissue" (Ferrara et al, Cellular Physiology , 2019). (psychologytoday.com)
- Brown and beige fat: From molecules to physiology and pathophysiology. (cipf.es)
Cells16
- The classic population of brown fat cells and muscle cells both seem to be derived from the same population of stem cells in the mesoderm, paraxial mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
- Progenitors of traditional white fat cells and adrenergically induced brown fat do not have the capacity to activate the Myf5 promoter. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, muscle cells that were cultured with the transcription factor PRDM16 were converted into brown fat cells, and brown fat cells without PRDM16 were converted into muscle cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Some of these cytokines affect nearby cells within the adipose tissue while others are secreted into the circulation for communication at the organ level. (multibriefs.com)
- Beige fat cells have similarities to brown fat cells but arise within white fat tissue. (upenn.edu)
- These cells store the fats just like the white adipose. (dvdhype.com)
- Lactoferrin inhibited the growth of new fat cells and promoted the breakdown of existing fat tissue. (naturalscience.com)
- These base materials have been crosslinked in the presence of cells, biologics, and tissues using chemical reactions or physical interactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Such injectable hydrogels formed in situ have been used to deliver various therapeutic cells or biologics (e.g., growth factors, chemokines for modulating the function endogenous cells) to promote the regeneration of tissues, including bone, cartilage, and skin (depicted here). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Induced nephron progenitors are derived from adult human cells in tissue culture through transcription factor reprogramming with inducible piggyBac transposons. (vumc.org)
- Even under a sterile condition, various cells and tissues can utilize the immune system to meet a specific demand for proper physiological functions. (bmbreports.org)
- Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) function in multi-directional differentiation, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. (researchsquare.com)
- HE staining indicated scattered striated muscle cells and epithelial tissues in fistula tissues of the ASC-microcarrier 6 complex group and the ASC treatment group, while a small number of lymphocytes were clustered around the microcarrier 6, and fat cell aggregation was seen in the ASC treatment group. (researchsquare.com)
- Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are mesenchymal stem cells that are found in adipose tissues. (researchsquare.com)
- ASCs are ideal seed cells for tissue regeneration. (researchsquare.com)
- It is notable that adipose tissue also surrounds breast epithelial cells, the primary cell type in which breast cancer develops, and has been implicated in extensive paracrine effects on breast carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
BRITE1
- It remains to be determined whether these deposits are 'classical' brown adipose tissue or beige/brite fat. (wikipedia.org)
Weight gain8
- Brown Adipose Tissue or BAT is said to be the fundamental cause of stubborn weight gain. (alphanewscall.com)
- Wheat gluten promotes weight gain in animals on both HFD and CD, partly by reducing the thermogenic capacity of adipose tissues. (nature.com)
- Veyrat-Durebex C, Deblon N, Caillon A, Andrew R, Altirriba J, Odermatt A, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F. Central glucocorticoid administration promotes weight gain and increased 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in white adipose tissue. (unige.ch)
- It is the first weight loss product of its kind to directly address the root cause of weight gain - low levels of brown adipose tissue, or BAT. (thefreeadforum.com)
- It is the only product in the world with a proprietary blend of 8 exotic nutrients and plants designed to target low brown adipose tissue (BAT) levels, the new found root-cause of your unexplained weight gain. (thefreeadforum.com)
- Exipure's producers accept soft brown fat tissue (BAT) levels as the fundamental cause of severe weight gain. (nutrahealthgrow.com)
- These findings show that the targeted Rosi nanoparticles reduced weight gain by browning fat tissue. (nih.gov)
- Lentiviral injection of Fgf11 shRNA into the arcuate nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus decreased weight gain and fat mass, increased brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and improved glucose and insulin intolerances under high-fat diet conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
20201
- Adipose tissue is "profoundly impacted by chronic overfeeding" (Bray and Bouchard, 2020). (psychologytoday.com)
Thermogenic capacity1
- Overexpression of bmp8b in AT enhances browning of the subcutaneous depot and maximal thermogenic capacity. (cam.ac.uk)
Calories11
- On the other hand, brown fat generates heat by burning calories . (naturwarriors.com)
- We calculate that if you had three ounces' worth [of brown fat], that would be enough, if maximally stimulated, to burn up 400 to 500 calories per day," Cypess says. (kpbs.org)
- Brown fat, which burns more calories than the white fat linked to type 2 diabetes and heart disease, has been called the "good" fat. (labmanager.com)
- Colder temperatures also accelerate the conversion of white fat into brown fat, which helps to burn more calories. (baulsaudio.com)
- Do you know that brown fat burns calories at least 300 times faster than white fat? (marylandreporter.com)
- The cold environment also enhances the conversion of white fat into brown fat, which can burn more calories. (baulsaudio.com)
- Brown fat, on the other hand, actually burns calories. (drcolbert.com)
- Brown fat helps regulate the body's core temperature by continually burning stored calories as fuel. (powerleadsystem.org)
- White fat helps regulate core temperature by insulating organs, but it does not burn calories and generate heat like brown fat. (powerleadsystem.org)
- A 2015 review titled "Brown and Beige Fat: Molecular Parts of a Thermogenic Machine" by the American Diabetes Association on various studies has shown that brown fat burns calories and may help control blood sugar and improve insulin levels, decreasing the risk for type 2 diabetes . (powerleadsystem.org)
- This brown fat burns 300 times the calories than regular fat - for every tiny increase in brown adipose tissue means a JUMP in calorie and fat burning. (powerleadsystem.org)
Gene4
- Recent evidence has revealed a novel signaling mechanism through which brown adipose tissue (BAT)-derived exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) influence hepatic gene expression. (usda.gov)
- A tissue-specific Knockout mouse defines an animal model in which a gene of interest is ' floxed ' and thus inactivatable in specific cell types in a certain tissue. (genoway.com)
- Other cell types and tissues exhibit an unmodified, functional gene expression. (genoway.com)
- This gene inactivation is achieved by an additional breeding step with a tissue- or cell type-specific Cre-deleter mouse line. (genoway.com)
Fats1
- Conversely, brown ("thermogenic") adipose tissue burns carbohydrates and fats to produce heat. (upenn.edu)
Exposure2
- The safest way to increase BAT (brown adipose tissue) thermogenesis is by exposure to cold (Yuan, 2017). (life-enhancement.com)
- Finally, the nasal lesions associated with exposure to high concentrations of MeI in rats are best supported by a mode of action that involves glutathione (GSH) depletion in the nasal epithelial tissue. (cdc.gov)
Caloric restriction1
- Fabbiano S, Suárez-Zamorano N, Rigo D, Veyrat-Durebex C, Stevanovic Dokic A, Colin DJ, Trajkovski M. Caloric Restriction Leads to Browning of White Adipose Tissue through Type 2 ImmuneSignaling. (unige.ch)
Ectopic1
- Ectopic fat in tissues such as liver and muscle may be increased. (medscape.com)
Generate2
- Get supplemental information, a quote, and estimated timeframe to generate your tissue-specific KO mouse line. (genoway.com)
- Large magnetic susceptibility differences between metallic implants and tissue generate severe B 0 inhomogeneities that present several challenges for MR: excitation of the entire off-resonance spectrum, distortion in the frequency encoding direction, and severe intra-voxel dephasing. (ismrm.org)