Adiponectin: A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Receptors, Adiponectin: Cell surface receptors for ADIPONECTIN, an antidiabetic hormone secreted by ADIPOCYTES. Adiponectin receptors are membrane proteins with multiple cytoplasmic and extracellular regions. They are about 43 kDa and encoded by at least two genes with different affinities for globular and full-length adiponectin.Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.Resistin: A 12-kDa cysteine-rich polypeptide hormone secreted by FAT CELLS in the ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is the founding member of the resistin-like molecule (RELM) hormone family. Resistin suppresses the ability of INSULIN to stimulate cellular GLUCOSE uptake.Adipokines: Polypeptides produced by the ADIPOCYTES. They include LEPTIN; ADIPONECTIN; RESISTIN; and many cytokines of the immune system, such as TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-6; and COMPLEMENT FACTOR D (also known as ADIPSIN). They have potent autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions.Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins: Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.Adipocytes: Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.3T3-L1 Cells: A continuous cell line that is a substrain of SWISS 3T3 CELLS developed though clonal isolation. The mouse fibroblast cells undergo an adipose-like conversion as they move to a confluent and contact-inhibited state.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Metabolic Syndrome X: A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)PPAR gamma: A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR ALPHA is important in regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism and CELL GROWTH PROCESSES. It is a target of THIAZOLIDINEDIONES for control of DIABETES MELLITUS.Adiposity: The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.AMP-Activated Protein Kinases: Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.Thiazolidinediones: THIAZOLES with two keto oxygens. Members are insulin-sensitizing agents which overcome INSULIN RESISTANCE by activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma).Intra-Abdominal Fat: Fatty tissue inside the ABDOMINAL CAVITY, including visceral fat and retroperitoneal fat. It is the most metabolically active fat in the body and easily accessible for LIPOLYSIS. Increased visceral fat is associated with metabolic complications of OBESITY.Subcutaneous Fat: Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.C-Reactive Protein: A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.Adenylate Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triphosphate. EC 2.7.4.3.Mice, Obese: Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.Proteins: Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Hypoglycemic Agents: Substances which lower blood glucose levels.TriglyceridesLipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Glucose Tolerance Test: A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).Molecular Weight: The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.Body Composition: The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.Hormones, Ectopic: Hormones released from neoplasms or from other cells that are not the usual sources of hormones.Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.Mice, Inbred C57BLAdipose Tissue, White: Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the BROWN FAT. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy.Fatty Liver: Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.Waist Circumference: The measurement around the body at the level of the ABDOMEN and just above the hip bone. The measurement is usually taken immediately after exhalation.Abdominal Fat: Fatty tissue in the region of the ABDOMEN. It includes the ABDOMINAL SUBCUTANEOUS FAT and the INTRA-ABDOMINAL FAT.Waist-Hip Ratio: The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.BooksPublishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.MEDLINE: The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).Serial Publications: Publications in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p203)
Role of adipocytokines on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in visceral obesity. (1/2639)
Obesity which is defined as accumulation of excess body fat, is a major cause of atherosclerotic vascular disease in industrial countries. Recent advances in the biology of adipose tissue have revealed that adipose tissue is not simply an energy storage organ but it also secretes a variety of molecules which affect the metabolism of the whole body. Through a systematic search of active genes in adipose tissue, we found that adipose tissue, especially visceral fat expressed numerous genes for secretory proteins (about 30% of total genes analyzed). Among them, plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1), which is a regulator of the fibrinolytic system, was overexpressed in the visceral fat in an animal model of obesity. Plasma levels of PAI-1 were closely correlated with visceral fat adiposity. Thus, PAI-1 secreted from visceral fat may play some role in thrombotic vascular disease in visceral obesity. Adiponectin, a novel adipose-specific gene product, which has a matrix-like structure, is abundantly present in the bloodstream. Dysregulated secretion of adiponectin may be related to vascular disease in obesity. Biologically active molecules secreted from adipose tissue (adipocytokines) may have important roles in the development of atherosclerotic disease in obesity. (+info)Two compartments for insulin-stimulated exocytosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes defined by endogenous ACRP30 and GLUT4. (2/2639)
Insulin stimulates adipose cells both to secrete proteins and to translocate the GLUT4 glucose transporter from an intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane. We demonstrate that whereas insulin stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes has no effect on secretion of the alpha3 chain of type VI collagen, secretion of the protein hormone adipocyte complement related protein of 30 kD (ACRP30) is markedly enhanced. Like GLUT4, regulated exocytosis of ACRP30 appears to require phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity, since insulin-stimulated ACRP30 secretion is blocked by pharmacologic inhibitors of this enzyme. Thus, 3T3-L1 adipocytes possess a regulated secretory compartment containing ACRP30. Whether GLUT4 recycles to such a compartment has been controversial. We present deconvolution immunofluorescence microscopy data demonstrating that the subcellular distributions of ACRP30 and GLUT4 are distinct and nonoverlapping; in contrast, those of GLUT4 and the transferrin receptor overlap. Together with supporting evidence that GLUT4 does not recycle to a secretory compartment via the trans-Golgi network, we conclude that there are at least two compartments that undergo insulin-stimulated exocytosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: one for ACRP30 secretion and one for GLUT4 translocation. (+info)Novel modulator for endothelial adhesion molecules: adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin. (3/2639)
BACKGROUND: Among the many adipocyte-derived endocrine factors, we recently found an adipocyte-specific secretory protein, adiponectin, which was decreased in obesity. Although obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the molecular basis for the link between obesity and vascular disease has not been fully clarified. The present study investigated whether adiponectin could modulate endothelial function and relate to coronary disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: For the in vitro study, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were preincubated for 18 hours with the indicated amount of adiponectin, then exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (10 U/mL) or vehicle for the times indicated. The adhesion of human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells to HAECs was determined by adhesion assay. The surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured by cell ELISA. Physiological concentrations of adiponectin dose-dependently inhibited TNF-alpha-induced THP-1 adhesion and expression of VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 on HAECs. For the in vivo study, the concentrations of adiponectin in human plasma were determined by a sandwich ELISA system that we recently developed. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease than those in age- and body mass index-adjusted control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that adiponectin modulates endothelial inflammatory response and that the measurement of plasma adiponectin levels may be helpful in assessment of CAD risk. (+info)Plasma concentrations of a novel, adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in type 2 diabetic patients. (4/2639)
Adiponectin is a novel, adipose-specific protein abundantly present in the circulation, and it has antiatherogenic properties. We analyzed the plasma adiponectin concentrations in age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects with and without coronary artery disease (CAD). Plasma levels of adiponectin in the diabetic subjects without CAD were lower than those in nondiabetic subjects (6.6+/-0.4 versus 7.9+/-0.5 microg/mL in men, 7.6+/-0.7 versus 11.7+/-1.0 microg/mL in women; P<0.001). The plasma adiponectin concentrations of diabetic patients with CAD were lower than those of diabetic patients without CAD (4.0+/-0.4 versus 6.6+/-0.4 microg/mL, P<0.001 in men; 6.3+/-0.8 versus 7.6+/-0. 7 microg/mL in women). In contrast, plasma levels of leptin did not differ between diabetic patients with and without CAD. The presence of microangiopathy did not affect the plasma adiponectin levels in diabetic patients. Significant, univariate, inverse correlations were observed between adiponectin levels and fasting plasma insulin (r=-0.18, P<0.01) and glucose (r=-0.26, P<0.001) levels. In multivariate analysis, plasma insulin did not independently affect the plasma adiponectin levels. BMI, serum triglyceride concentration, and the presence of diabetes or CAD remained significantly related to plasma adiponectin concentrations. Weight reduction significantly elevated plasma adiponectin levels in the diabetic subjects as well as the nondiabetic subjects. These results suggest that the decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations in diabetes may be an indicator of macroangiopathy. (+info)Adiponectin, a new member of the family of soluble defense collagens, negatively regulates the growth of myelomonocytic progenitors and the functions of macrophages. (5/2639)
We investigated the functions of adiponectin, an adipocyte-specific secretory protein and a new member of the family of soluble defense collagens, in hematopoiesis and immune responses. Adiponectin suppressed colony formation from colony-forming units (CFU)-granulocyte-macrophage, CFU-macrophage, and CFU-granulocyte, whereas it had no effect on that of burst-forming units-erythroid or mixed erythroid-myeloid CFU. In addition, adiponectin inhibited proliferation of 4 of 9 myeloid cell lines but did not suppress proliferation of erythroid or lymphoid cell lines except for one cell line. These results suggest that adiponectin predominantly inhibits proliferation of myelomonocytic lineage cells. At least one mechanism of the growth inhibition is induction of apoptosis because treatment of acute myelomonocytic leukemia lines with adiponectin induced the appearance of subdiploid peaks and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Aside from inhibiting growth of myelomonocytic progenitors, adiponectin suppressed mature macrophage functions. Treatment of cultured macrophages with adiponectin significantly inhibited their phagocytic activity and their lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Suppression of phagocytosis by adiponectin is mediated by one of the complement C1q receptors, C1qRp, because this function was completely abrogated by the addition of an anti-C1qRp monoclonal antibody. These observations suggest that adiponectin is an important negative regulator in hematopoiesis and immune systems and raise the possibility that it may be involved in ending inflammatory responses through its inhibitory functions. (Blood. 2000;96:1723-1732) (+info)Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, inhibits endothelial NF-kappaB signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. (6/2639)
BACKGROUND: Among the many adipocyte-derived endocrine factors, we found an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, that was decreased in obesity. We recently demonstrated that adiponectin inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and that plasma adiponectin level was reduced in patients with coronary artery disease (CIRCULATION: 1999;100:2473-2476). However, the intracellular signal by which adiponectin suppressed adhesion molecule expression was not elucidated. The present study investigated the mechanism of modulation for endothelial function by adiponectin. METHODS AND RESULTS: The interaction between adiponectin and human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) was estimated by cell ELISA using biotinylated adiponectin. HAECs were preincubated for 18 hours with 50 microg/mL of adiponectin, then exposed to TNF-alpha (10 U/mL) or vehicle for the times indicated. NF-kappaB-DNA binding activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. TNF-alpha-inducible phosphorylation signals were detected by immunoblotting. Adiponectin specifically bound to HAECs in a saturable manner and inhibited TNF-alpha-induced mRNA expression of monocyte adhesion molecules without affecting the interaction between TNF-alpha and its receptors. Adiponectin suppressed TNF-alpha-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and subsequent NF-kappaB activation without affecting other TNF-alpha-mediated phosphorylation signals, including Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 kinase, and Akt kinase. This inhibitory effect of adiponectin is accompanied by cAMP accumulation and is blocked by either adenylate cyclase inhibitor or protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: These observations raise the possibility that adiponectin, which is naturally present in the blood stream, modulates the inflammatory response of endothelial cells through cross talk between cAMP-PKA and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. (+info)Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice. (7/2639)
Adipocyte complement-related protein (30 kDa) (Acrp30), a secreted protein of unknown function, is exclusively expressed in differentiated adipocytes; its mRNA is decreased in obese humans and mice. Here we describe novel pharmacological properties of the protease-generated globular head domain of Acrp30 (gAcrp30). Acute treatment of mice with gAcrp30 significantly decreased the elevated levels of plasma free fatty acids caused either by administration of a high fat test meal or by i.v. injection of Intralipid. This effect of gAcrp30 was caused, at least in part, by an acute increase in fatty acid oxidation by muscle. As a result, daily administration of a very low dose of gAcrp30 to mice consuming a high-fat/sucrose diet caused profound and sustainable weight reduction without affecting food intake. Thus, gAcrp30 is a novel pharmacological compound that controls energy homeostasis and exerts its effect primarily at the peripheral level. (+info)Adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, suppresses lipid accumulation and class A scavenger receptor expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. (8/2639)
BACKGROUND: Excessive lipid accumulation in macrophages plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, we discovered an adipocyte-specific plasma protein, adiponectin, that is decreased in patients with coronary artery disease. We previously demonstrated that adiponectin acts as a modulator for proinflammatory stimuli and inhibits monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. The present study investigated the effects of adiponectin on lipid accumulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human monocytes were differentiated into macrophages by incubation in human type AB serum for 7 days, and the effects of adiponectin were investigated at different time intervals. Treatment with physiological concentrations of adiponectin reduced intracellular cholesteryl ester content, as determined using the enzymatic, fluorometric method. The adiponectin-treated macrophages contained fewer lipid droplets stained by oil red O. Adiponectin suppressed the expression of the class A macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR) at both mRNA and protein levels by Northern and immunoblot analyses, respectively, without affecting the expression of CD36, which was quantified by flow cytometry. Adiponectin reduced the class A MSR promoter activity, as measured by luciferase reporter assay. Adiponectin treatment dose-dependently decreased class A MSR ligand binding and uptake activities. The mRNA level of lipoprotein lipase as a marker of macrophage differentiation was decreased by adiponectin treatment, but that of apolipoprotein E was not altered. Adiponectin was detected around macrophages in the human injured aorta by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin suppressed macrophage-to-foam cell transformation, suggesting that adiponectin may act as a modulator for macrophage-to-foam cell transformation. (+info)ADSL Adiponectin deficiency; 612556; ADIPOQ Adrenal cortical carcinoma; 202300; TP53 Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 11 ...
... small-molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptors to be identified. Adiponectin receptor agonists such as AdipoRon have ... Dysregulation of adiponectin expression has also been implicated in the pathology of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating ... As such, adiponectin receptor agonists are a highly interesting therapeutic target for a variety of different conditions. ... In addition, adiponectin has recently been elucidated to mediate the antidepressant, anxiolytic, and neurogenic effects of ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
ADIPOQ: adiponectin. *AMOTL2: encoding protein Angiomotin-like protein 2. *ARHGAP31: Rho GRPase activating protein 31 ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
It also inhibits lipolysis and stimulates the secretion of adiponectin. These effects are thought to be mostly conferred via ... lipid accumulation and adiponectin secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes and isolated primary rat adipocytes". Diabetologia. 54 (7 ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
Adiponectin. AdipoR1. *Agonists: Peptide: Adiponectin. *ADP-355. *ADP-399; Non-peptide: AdipoRon ...
... has been identified as a novel protein involved in the regulation of adiponectin trafficking and release from the ... RAB11FIP1 expression, which is increased with increasing BMI in humans, inhibits the release of adiponectin from the adipocyte ... potentially contributing to lower circulating levels of adiponectin observed in obese populations. RAB11FIP1 has been shown to ... "The Rab11 Effector Protein FIP1 Regulates Adiponectin". PLoS ONE. 8 (9): e74687. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074687. PMC 3770573 ...
A negative regulator of adiponectin gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (42): 31245-53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M605132200. PMID ...
October 2010). "Adiponectin lowers glucose production by increasing SOGA". Am. J. Pathol. 177 (4): 1936-45. doi:10.2353/ajpath. ...
... and they have higher circulating adiponectin, suggesting a link between longevity and adiponectin production In addition, high ... Brown adipose tissue activation through cold exposure increases adiponectin levels, just two hours of cold exposure resulted in ... Centenarians (both men and women) and their offspring have been found to have genetics that boost adiponectin, ... Imbeault, Pascal; Dépault, Isabelle; Haman, François (2009-04-01). "Cold exposure increases adiponectin levels in men". ...
Adiponectin: is a type of protein secreted by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity and possesses antiatherogenic ... Lower levels of s-adiponectin are associated with ischemic stroke. Aging: the prevalence of silent stroke rises with increasing ... Bang, OY; Saver, JL; Ovbiagele, B; Choi, YJ; Yoon, SR; Lee, KH (2007). "Adiponectin levels in patients with intracranial ...
Stumvoll M, Häring H (November 2002). "Resistin and adiponectin--of mice and men". Obes. Res. 10 (11): 1197-9. doi:10.1038/oby. ... Silha JV, Krsek M, Skrha JV, Sucharda P, Nyomba BL, Murphy LJ (October 2003). "Plasma resistin, adiponectin and leptin levels ... Wulster-Radcliffe MC, Ajuwon KM, Wang J, Christian JA, Spurlock ME (April 2004). "Adiponectin differentially regulates ... "Resistin and adiponectin expression in visceral fat of obese rats: effect of weight loss". Obes. Res. 10 (11): 1095-103. doi: ...
Adiponectin (together with leptin, it regulates adipose tissue metabolism. It is activated by PPAR inhibitors such as ... It also blocks the beneficial actions of adiponectin. Rimonabant inhibits these and so it reduces appetite, balances energy, ... and increases adiponectin, which reduces intra-abdominal fat. It improves lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and waist ...
Adiponectin has also been shown to increase the rate of fatty acid transport and oxidation in mice, which causes an increase in ... The adiponectin genes regulate glucose metabolism as well as fatty acid breakdown; however, the exact mechanisms are not ... Therefore, there was less adiponectin to help cells take up glucose and break down fat, as well as less leptin to cause a ... With a high fat diet during gestation, there was an increase in methylation in the promoter of the adiponectin gene accompanied ...
"An evolutionary perspective on adiponectin and insulin gene promoters". Adipobiology. 4: 111-115. Gagniuc, Paul; et al. "DNA ...
Similar to GPCRs, the adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) also possess 7 transmembrane domains. However, ... "Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects". Nature. 423 (6941): 762-9. doi:10.1038/ ...
... we examined the longitudinal association between asthma and adiponectin and found that low serum adiponectin concentrations, ... Low serum adiponectin concentrations were a more important predictor of risk for incident asthma than body mass index. Having ... Low serum adiponectin levels predict an increased future risk for developing asthma in middle-aged women, particularly among ... Being in the lowest tertile of serum adiponectin concentrations (,7 mg/L) at year 15 was a significant predictor of a higher ...
Although central (visceral) adipocytes are the most important source of adiponectin,11 the serum adiponectin concentration does ... 13 This assay measures total adiponectin and not the various molecular weight forms of adiponectin. Further details about the ... Adiponectin protects LPS-induced liver injury through modulation of TNF-alpha in KK-Ay obese mice. Hepatology 2004;40:177-84. ... Adiponectin induces the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-1RA in human leukocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;323: ...
Adiponectin levels predict mixed and non-calcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden. Low adiponectin levels may ... The impact of adiponectin on lesion composition still remains to be determined. We measured serum adiponectin levels in 303 ... adiponectin levels account for only 3% of the variability in total plaque number. In contrast, adiponectin accounts for ... Low serum adiponectin levels were reported to be associated with coronary artery disease and future incidence of acute coronary ...
The mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors genes were also analyzed using reverse transcription RT-PCR. The consumption of ... training may be mediated even partially through increased adiponectin receptor expression and up regulation of adiponectin ... the effect of increased physical activities on insulin resistance and if this effect is modulated through adiponectin receptor ... reaches certain level and increasing the duration of exercise adds no more improvement to insulin sensitivity or adiponectin ...
We think that lifestyle habits might independently modulate adiponectin levels and that adiponectin might be the useful ... Subjects with plasma adiponectin levels below 4.0 μg/ml had significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol and higher levels of ... Some studies suggest that adiponectin levels are modulated by lifestyle factors, but little is known about the associations ... In multiple logistic regression after multiple adjustment, a plasma adiponectin level below 4.0 μg/ml was significantly ...
Canine High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ELISA Kit (MBS025616) product datasheet at MyBioSource, ELISA Kits ... High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW ADNP), ELISA Kit. ★Popular Item★ Also Known As Canine High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ... Kit for analyzing the presence of the High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW ADNP) ELISA Kit target analytes in biological ...
We aimed to generate adiponectin-based short peptide that can mimic adiponectin action and be suitable for preclinical and ... Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T: Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Endocr Rev. 2005, 26 (3): 439-451. 10.1210/er.2005-0005.View ... Identification of the active site of adiponectin. A) Effects of adiponectin fragments encompassing the active site on the ... Nakayama S, Miyoshi Y, Ishihara H, Noguchi S: Growth-inhibitory effect of adiponectin via adiponectin receptor 1 on human ...
High molecular weight adiponectin (HMWA) is considered the active form of adiponectin and a better marker of IR than total ... The objective of this study is to compare the utility of total adiponectin, HMWA and the HMWA/total adiponectin index (SA index ... A total adiponectin level of 8.03 μg/ml was associated with a sensitivity of 57.6%, a specificity of 65.9%, a positive ... Total adiponectin, HMWA and the SA index had similar utility for the identification of IR and metabolic disturbances. ...
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived secretory protein that has been very widely studied over the past 15 years. A multitude of ... Adiponectin receptors. Adiponectins actions are mediated through a number of receptors, such as adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 ... Low adiponectin correlates with albuminuria in both mice and humans [31, 32]. Lack of adiponectin has been linked to increased ... Adiponectin and the liver. Adiponectin has several effects on the liver. One of the most prominent of these is suppression of ...
Adiponectin and breast cancer risk.. Mantzoros C1, Petridou E, Dessypris N, Chavelas C, Dalamaga M, Alexe DM, Papadiamantis Y, ... Adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, is closely and inversely associated with insulin resistance and was recently found ... We evaluated the association of adiponectin with the occurrence of breast cancer in a case-control study comprising 174 women ... We found an inverse, fairly strong, and statistically significant association of serum adiponectin with breast cancer (odds ...
0.02 with adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in the formula; R2 = 0.162, P = 0.007 with only adiponectin in the formula). Also ... 1) in this issue of Diabetes Care regarding adiponectin in youth. We are excited to have received the opinion of investigators ... Stefan N, Stumvoll M, Häring H, Fritsche A: Adiponectin in youth (Letter). Diabetes Care 27:1519-1520, 2004. ... We never implied that a direct effect of adiponectin on insulin secretory function exists. However, as recommended by Stefan et ...
Adiponectin is a 244-amino-acid-long polypeptide (protein). There are four distinct regions of adiponectin. The first is a ... Adiponectin is apparently able to cross the blood-brain-barrier. However, conflicting data on this issue exist. Adiponectin has ... Adiponectin in combination with leptin has been shown to completely reverse insulin resistance in mice. Adiponectin is secreted ... Adiponectin automatically self-associates into larger structures. Initially, three adiponectin molecules bind together to form ...
Analysis of serum adiponectin at day 1 or day 6 after respiratory failure showed that low levels of adiponectin at the earlier ... Adiponectin plays a role in the inflammatory components of cardiovascular diseases. To begin with, lack of adiponectin in a ... 1. Adiponectin. Adiponectin is a cytokine, "adipokine", produced almost exclusively in adipose tissue and is expressed at high ... Figure 1: Adiponectin levels and inflammatory state. In healthy individuals, adiponectin maintains anti-inflammatory properties ...
Immunohistochemistry of adiponectin in human kidneys and determination of urinary adiponectin isoforms by Western blot.. A ... Low-molecular adiponectin isoforms (∼30-70 kDa) were detected in urine by Western blot analysis. Urinary adiponectin was ... percentile) of the adiponectin excretion rate in healthy control subjects (→urinary adiponectin ,10.61 μg/g creatinine). FPG ... Serum adiponectin was significantly lower and urinary adiponectin levels significantly higher in patients with type 2 diabetes ...
Adiponectin exerts some of its weight reduction effects via the brain. This is similar to the action of leptin;[19] adiponectin ... Lower levels of adiponectin are associated with ADHD in adults.[38]. Adiponectin levels were found to be increased in ... Regulation of adiponectin *Obesity is associated with decreased adiponectin. *The exact mechanism of regulation is unknown, but ... Adiponectin is a 247-amino-acid-long polypeptide (protein). There are four distinct regions of adiponectin. The first is a ...
... which are bound and activated by adiponectin: Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1, PAQR1) Adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2, PAQR2) ... The adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) include the following two receptors, ...
In healthy adults, adiponectin circulates in serum at a high concentration (1.9-17.0 μg/ml). Adiponectin levels are ... The adiponectin paralogs, CTRPs 1-7, were identified by searching GenBank EST and genomic databases with the adiponectin cDNA ... CTRP May Compensate for Loss of Adiponectin. Three separate lines of adiponectin-/- mice have recently been generated (46-48) ... Identification and Analysis of Acrp30/Adiponectin Paralogs. By using the adiponectin cDNA sequence to interrogate the mouse and ...
Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome.. Ryo M1, Nakamura T, Kihara S, Kumada M, Shibazaki S, Takahashi M, Nagai ... 1.51 for women with adiponectin concentrations ,4.0 microg/ml. In all, 52.3% of men and 37.5% of women with adiponectin ... Adiponectin is an adipose-derived plasma protein with anti-atherogenic and insulin-sensitizing activities. ... Plasma adiponectin concentrations correlated negatively with waist circumference, visceral fat area, serum triglyceride ...
Adiponectin also elicited an AdipoR1-dependent increase in Ca2+ influx, which played a critical role in the pathway leading to ... Adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 appeared to increase the abundance of the mRNA encoding PGC-1α through a CaMKKβ-dependent ... Adiponectin, a hormone released from adipose tissue that has antidiabetic activity, signals through seven-transmembrane ... Noting that adiponectin deficiency promotes insulin resistance and that insulin resistance is associated with mitochondrial ...
Plasma Adiponectin and Pregnancy-Induced Insulin Resistance. Károly Cseh, Éva Baranyi, Zsolt Melczer, Edit Kaszás, Éva Palik, ... Plasma Adiponectin and Pregnancy-Induced Insulin Resistance. Károly Cseh, Éva Baranyi, Zsolt Melczer, Edit Kaszás, Éva Palik, ... such as adiponectin, in pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. The negative correlation between TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin ... Plasma Adiponectin and Pregnancy-Induced Insulin Resistance Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ...
One review suggests adiponectin may be to blame ... EndoType: Is Adiponectin Behind Statin, Diabetes Link?. by ... The impact of statins on adiponectin hasnt been consistent, but one statin -- pitavastatin (Livalo) -- increased adiponectin ... The "adiponectin theory" is still controversial, notes David Bell, MD, of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, but a statin ... A new review, published in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, suggests that the hormone adiponectin may have something to do ...
i,Results,/i,. Adiponectin levels were elevated immediately following an acute bout of exercise at both high and low ... In comparison to baseline, adiponectin levels were also elevated 24-72 hours following the final exercise session (High: ,mml: ... Both acute and short-term aerobic exercise result in a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels in inactive, ... i,Objective,/i,. To examine the effect of acute and short-term (~1 week) aerobic exercise training on plasma adiponectin levels ...
We therefore investigated the effect of iron on adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine that is decreased in diabetic ... In humans, normal-range serum ferritin levels were inversely associated with adiponectin, independent of inf … ... Adipocyte iron regulates adiponectin and insulin sensitivity J Clin Invest. 2012 Oct;122(10):3529-40. doi: 10.1172/JCI44421. ... Mice fed a high-iron diet and cultured adipocytes treated with iron exhibited decreased adiponectin mRNA and protein. We found ...
... , High Blood Pressure ... Adiponectin may also be involved in the progression of hypertension. On a high-salt diet, Ohashi et al showed that adiponectin- ... Reconstitution of adiponectin expression by adenoviral infection restored normal blood pressure. Overexpression of adiponectin ... The only hormone displaying an opposite trend is adiponectin. Adiponectin levels have been positively associated with insulin ...
Rabbit polyclonal Adiponectin antibody. Validated in WB and tested in Human. Cited in 4 publication(s). Immunogen corresponding ... SDS-PAGE 12% separation of human adiponectin 5. µ. g / line.. SDS-PAGE 12% separation of human adiponectin 5µg / line. ... Defects in ADIPOQ are the cause of adiponectin deficiency (ADPND) [MIM:612556]. ADPND results in very low concentrations of ... Hydroxylation and glycosylation of the lysine residues within the collagene-like domain of adiponectin seem to be critically ...
ReceptorsInverselyReceptorMetabolicLevels predictGlobularMolecularDecreased adiponectin levelsHuman adiponectinLeptinObesityADIPOQAdipoR1AdipoR2Concentrations of adiponectinRelationship between adiponectinGlucoseCoronary arteryAdipokineEffects of adiponectinProduced by adipose tissueSecretionMetabolic syndromeMetabolismInflammationObeseAntibodyInhibitsProteinsHormoneAdipokinesTotal adiponectinIncrease adiponectinCollagen domainExertsELISALevels were inverselyMRNA levelsCardiovascularAdipose-specificEndothelialInflammatoryDomain of adiponectinAssociation of adiponectinSecreted from adipose tissueDeficiencyAMPKAnti-atherogenicHypertensionResistin
- siRNA knockdown experiments suggested that ADP 355 effects can be transmitted through both adiponectin receptors, with a greater contribution of AdipoR1. (biomedcentral.com)
- In bivariate analysis adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with total coronary plaque burden (r = -0.21, p = 0.0004), mixed (r = -0.20, p = 0.0007) and non-calcified plaques (r = -0.18, p = 0.003). (uni-muenchen.de)
- In several adiponectin receptor-positive cancer cell lines, ADP 355 restricted proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at 100 nM-10 μM concentrations (exceeding the effects of 50 ng/mL globular adiponectin). (biomedcentral.com)
- ADP 355 is a first-in-class adiponectin receptor agonist. (biomedcentral.com)
- Circulating adiponectin levels are decreased in obese individuals, and this feature correlates with increased risk of developing several metabolic, immunological and neoplastic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- Adiponectin levels predict mixed and non-calcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden. (uni-muenchen.de)
- Using a panel of 66 overlapping 10 amino acid-long peptides covering the entire adiponectin globular domain (residues 105-254), we identified the 149-166 region as the adiponectin active site. (biomedcentral.com)
- MBS025616 is a ready-to-use microwell, strip plate Sandwich (Quantitative) ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) Kit for analyzing the presence of the High Molecular Weight Adiponectin (HMW ADNP) ELISA Kit target analytes in biological samples. (mybiosource.com)
- Because insulin resistance in the setting of obesity has also been associated with the development of breast cancer, we have hypothesized that decreased adiponectin levels might underlie the association between breast cancer and obesity/insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
- Decreased adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. (gu.se)
- Human adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted by adipocytes that is involved in several metabolic functions, including the regulation of glucose levels and fatty acid metabolism. (clontech.com)
- Anti-adiponectin receptor antibodies are affinity-purified IgG antibodies that recognize human adiponectin receptor protein variants. (clontech.com)
- The human Adiponectin gene spans 17 kb on chromosome 3q27 (Saito et al, 1999), consisting of three exons and two introns. (prospecbio.com)
- Recombinant human Adiponectin protein was expressed in E.coli and purified by conventional chromatography, after refolding of the isolated inclusion bodies in a renaturation buffer. (origene.com)
- Recombinant Human Adiponectin is a multimeric glycoprotein containing amino acids Glu-19 to Asn-244 of the adiponectin precursor protein fused to an N-terminal histidine tag. (peprotech.com)
- The calculated molecular weight of Recombinant Human Adiponectin is 25.9 kDa. (peprotech.com)
- Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Human Adiponectin. (peprotech.com)
- Anti-Human Adiponectin-specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and then biotinylated. (peprotech.com)
- To detect Human Adiponectin by sandwich ELISA (using 100μl/well) a concentration of 0.25-1.0 μg/ml of this antibody is required. (peprotech.com)
- This biotinylated polyclonal antibody, in conjunction with PeproTech's Polyclonal Anti-Human Adiponectin (500-P239) as a capture antibody, allows the detection of at least 2000-4000 pg/ml of Recombinant Human Adiponectin. (peprotech.com)
- To detect Human Adiponectin by Western Blot analysis this antibody can be used at a concentration of 0.1-0.2 μg/ml. (peprotech.com)
- When used in conjunction with compatible secondary reagents the detection limit for Recombinant Human Adiponectin is 1.5-3.0 ng/lane, under either reducing or non-reducing conditions. (peprotech.com)
- Synthetic peptide corresponding to human Adiponectin Receptor 1. (thermofisher.com)
- Detects an epitope in the globular domain (aa 104 - 244) of human Adiponectin. (rndsystems.com)
- Adiponectin antibody was raised against a 15 amino acid synthetic peptide from near the amino terminus of human adiponectin. (genetex.com)
- Mononuclear cells and recombinant human adiponectin were prepared as previously reported. (ahajournals.org)
- The AlphaLISA ® Human Adiponectin Detection Kit is designed for detection and quantitation of human adiponectin in serum, buffered solution or cell culture medium in a homogeneous (no-wash steps, no separation steps) assay. (perkinelmer.com)
- Adiponectin in combination with leptin has been shown to completely reverse insulin resistance in mice. (wikipedia.org)
- adiponectin and leptin can act synergistically. (wikipedia.org)
- The negative correlation between TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin may suggest a negative regulatory role of these cytokines in the expression and secretion of adiponectin. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor system in adipocytes is a known regulator of fat cell differentiation and the production of TNF-α, leptin, and adiponectin ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Associations with shift work with leptin, insulin, and adiponectin. (cdc.gov)
- Our objective was to investigate cross-sectional associations between shift work and three biomarkers of metabolic function: leptin, insulin, and adiponectin. (cdc.gov)
- Adipose tissue plays an important role in insulin resistance syndrome through the dysregulated production and secretion of adipose-derived proteins, including tumor necrosis factor-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, leptin, resistin, angiotensinogen, and adiponectin ( 1 - 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Adipose tissue also produces a variety of secreted factors called adipocytokines, including leptin and adiponectin. (jci.org)
- Cord blood was analyzed for adiponectin, leptin, and insulin levels. (unboundmedicine.com)
- 8 This inflammatory state is related to adipokines-proteins mainly produced by adipocytes-which may be pro-inflammatory (such as leptin) or anti-inflammatory (such as adiponectin). (bmj.com)
- An improvement in inflammatory markers was seen with an increase in adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin ratio and inteleukin-15. (scielo.br)
- Moreover, a positive correlation between the adiponectin/leptin ratio and osteocalcin was demonstrated. (scielo.br)
- Negative associations between leptin with osteocalcin, adiponectin with Beta CTX-collagen, and visceral fat with adiponectin were observed. (scielo.br)
- Studies on adipocyte-derived adiponectin and leptin reveal opposing effects on BC cell proliferation in vitro, suggesting they may play a role in BC pathogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
- In the current study we examined effects on proliferation of five BC cell lines treated with varying adiponectin:leptin (A/L) ratios. (spandidos-publications.com)
- This is due largely to their secretory profile of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, hepatocyte growth factor, collagen VI, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Among these proteins are adiponectin and leptin. (jaoa.org)
- The author reviews the regulation of adipose tissue and feeding and provides an in-depth examination of adiponectin and leptin and their association with migraine. (jaoa.org)
- 1 - 4 Recent data 4 - 9 have shown that several adipose-tissue-derived proteins, including adiponectin and leptin, play an integral role in feeding and obesity and are linked to migraine. (jaoa.org)
- 13 Peripherally, adipose tissue has been shown to secrete or modulate several proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6, as well as adipocytokines (eg, adiponectin, leptin), which are involved in feeding and linked to migraine. (jaoa.org)
- For example, signals from adiponectin and leptin act on the arcuate nucleus to produce reciprocal activation or inhibition of the proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript neurons while also inhibiting or activating the neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide neurons. (jaoa.org)
- Parameters were measured using the following: a) Plasma glucose by glucose oxidase method b) CRP by immunoturbidimetric method (Roche/ Hitachi analyser) c) insulin by Medgenix INS-ELISA immunoenzymetric assay by Biosource (Belgium) d) Leptin, Adiponectin by radioimmunoassay kits by Linco Research (St. Charles MO) e) Resistin by immunoassay kits by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals INC (530 Harbor Boulevard, Belmont CA 94002, USA). (ebscohost.com)
- Do adiponectin, TNFalpha, leptin and CRP relate to insulin resistance in pregnancy? (unboundmedicine.com)
- The role of adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), leptin and C-reactive protein in the insulin resistance of pregnancy is not clear. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Adiponectin, TNFalpha, leptin and high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) were measured in fasted blood. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Rev. VL - 22 IS - 2 N2 - BACKGROUND: The role of adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), leptin and C-reactive protein in the insulin resistance of pregnancy is not clear. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Given that the levels of adiponectin vary in different inflammatory diseases as discussed above, these data suggest that the metabolic consequences observed in obesity may be related to an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. (hindawi.com)
- Low adiponectin levels are inversely related to high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and CAD [ 13 - 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Thus, adiponectin mediates protective effects in obesity-related metabolic and vascular disease presumably by its anti-inflammatory actions and protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury through its ability to suppress myocardial inflammation and apoptosis [ 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The discovery of a family of adiponectin paralogs has implications for understanding the control of energy homeostasis and could provide new targets for pharmacologic intervention in metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. (pnas.org)
- A new review, published in Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism , suggests that the hormone adiponectin may have something to do with it. (medpagetoday.com)
- One possible target for the reduction of obesity-related cardiometabolic risk is adiponectin, an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing and antiatherogenic properties, which circulates at levels inversely proportional to both total and abdominal fat mass [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- At present it is also unclear whether one week of aerobic exercise training is associated with an increase in plasma adiponectin levels in individuals with abdominal obesity. (hindawi.com)
- In the current study, we examined the longitudinal association between asthma and adiponectin and found that low serum adiponectin concentrations, independent of obesity, predicted a higher risk for developing asthma. (redorbit.com)
- The circulating levels of adiponectin are decreased under conditions of obesity, insulin resistance, and type II diabetes. (peprotech.com)
- Conversely, administration of recombinant adiponectin suppresses hepatic glucose production, and reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. (peprotech.com)
- While obesity is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease, research from the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, has now revealed that the body's obesity hormones - adiponectin - are also linked to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures. (innovations-report.com)
- As part of an international research project studying the risk factors associated with osteoporosis in elderly men, he and his colleagues have been looking into the obesity hormone adiponectin. (innovations-report.com)
- 7 In parallel, the regulation of adiponectin serum levels and metabolic parameters by ARB treatment was examined in obese Zucker rats, a model of obesity-induced insulin-resistance. (ahajournals.org)
- Therefore, adiponectin replacement therapy in humans may suggest potential versatile therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. (mdpi.com)
- The current knowledge on regulation and function of adiponectin in obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease is summarized in this review. (mdpi.com)
- Adiponectin, an adipocytokine secreted by adipose tissue, is decreased in obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome, all of which are well-established risk factors for endometrial cancer. (nih.gov)
- High circulating adiponectin levels are associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk, largely independent of other obesity-related risk factors. (nih.gov)
- AICAR may promote metabolic health and protect against obesity-induced systemic diseases in an adiponectin-independent manner. (springer.com)
- As we cannot exclude the compromising role of adiponectin in CKD patient groups, it is critical to assess if AICAR-mediated actions are adiponectin dependent to determine its suitability as a drug to target obesity-related pathophysiology. (springer.com)
- Although the association of adiponectin with several diseases remains controversial, many clinical studies have demonstrated that low plasma concentrations of adiponectin (hypoadiponectinaemia) associate closely with obesity-related diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, Type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. (portlandpress.com)
- Although evaluation of adiponectin as a novel therapy will ultimately require clinical intervention studies, this mediator may represent a novel target for the prevention and treatment of visceral obesity metabolic syndrome. (portlandpress.com)
- Adiponectin (APN) exerts multiple beneficial effects in obesity and protects from liver injury. (mdpi.com)
- Several recent studies have shown that low serum adiponectin is highly associated with obesity-related cancers, including endometrial, breast, prostate, and gastric cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
- Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. (springer.com)
- Genetic ablation of HIF1α in adipose tissue decreased insulin resistance and obesity, accompanied by increased serum adiponectin levels. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Xu J, Lai KK, Verlinsky A, Lugea A, French SW, Cooper MP, Ji C, Tsukamoto H. Synergistic steatohepatitis by moderate obesity and alcohol in mice despite increased adiponectin and p-AMPK. (umassmed.edu)
- Low plasma adiponectin levels, also known as hypoadiponectinemia, are closely associated with the increased prevalence of obesity-linked disorders including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension. (ahajournals.org)
- 14 Thus, adiponectin exerts beneficial actions on the obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular complications, at least in part, through its ability to control inflammatory responses. (ahajournals.org)
- A low adiponectin level is associated with abdominal obesity. (revespcardiol.org)
- The aims of this study were to examine the correlation between plasma adiponectin concentrations and abdominal obesity in the Spanish population and investigate the relationship between certain emerging risk factors, such as abdominal obesity, and levels of adiponectin, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and fasting glucose, and the probability of experiencing a first cardiovascular event. (revespcardiol.org)
- Defects in ADIPOQ are the cause of adiponectin deficiency (ADPND) [MIM: (abcam.com)
- The gene symbol is ADIPOQ [adiponectin, C1q and collagen domain containing]. (prospecbio.com)
- AICAR-mediated protection occurred independently of adiponectin, as similar protection was observed in wild-type and Adipoq −/− mice. (springer.com)
- Objective The adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) has been suggested to be associated with the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). (medsci.org)
- Nous avons génotypé les deux polymorphismes mononucléotidiques du gène ADIPOQ chez 140 patients atteints de DNID sans lien de parenté et 66 témoins non diabétiques en recourant à l'analyse du polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction par réaction en chaîne de polymérase. (who.int)
- SNPs at the adiponectin-encoding ADIPOQ locus demonstrated the strongest associations with adiponectin levels (P-combined = 9.2×10−19 for lead SNP, rs266717, n = 14,733). (harvard.edu)
- looked for a link between adiponectin-AdipoR1 signaling and mitochondria. (sciencemag.org)
- Having explored the phenotypic effects of a loss of adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1, the authors investigated the underlying pathway. (sciencemag.org)
- Adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 appeared to increase the abundance of the mRNA encoding PGC-1α through a CaMKKβ-dependent pathway that did not require AMPK and to stimulate PGC-1α deacetylation by SIRT1, and thereby its activation, through an AMPK-dependent pathway. (sciencemag.org)
- Adiponectin also elicited an AdipoR1-dependent increase in Ca 2+ influx, which played a critical role in the pathway leading to increased PGC-1α expression and also contributed to adiponectin-mediated AMPK phosphorylation. (sciencemag.org)
- Thus, the authors conclude that adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism. (sciencemag.org)
- Adiponectin signaling through AdipoR1 plays a crucial role in regulating muscle mitochondrial function. (sciencemag.org)
- Binding of adiponectin to ADIPOR1 results in activation of an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway that regulates fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity. (clontech.com)
- The key roles of adiponectin in regulating energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism are mediated by two integral membrane proteins, named ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 9 . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Recently, the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin were linked to the ceramide signaling pathway as ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 activation was shown to lower ceramide levels via the activation of a ceramidase activity measured in crude cell lysates 1 . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Binding of adiponectin to ADIPOR2 mediates increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) ligand activity, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose uptake. (clontech.com)
- Here, we determined crystal structures of ADIPOR2 bound to a FFA molecule and demonstrate that ADIPOR2 possesses an intrinsic basal ceramidase activity enhanced by adiponectin. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- 9 Similarly, it has been hypothesised that decreased serum concentrations of adiponectin observed in obese humans may also contribute to the propensity towards asthma in this population. (bmj.com)
- In the present study we investigated effect of an α-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, together with pioglitazone, the only thiazolidine derivative available in Japan, on serum concentrations of adiponectin. (nii.ac.jp)
- Plasma Concentrations of Adiponectin in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Coronary Slow Flow. (medworm.com)
- In this issue of ATVB , Devaraj et al demonstrate that physiological concentrations of adiponectin suppress CRP synthesis and secretion in human aortic endothelial cells under hyperglycemic conditions. (ahajournals.org)
- 17-20 Cross-sectional population studies have shown that low concentrations of adiponectin are associated with an adverse risk profile. (revespcardiol.org)
- At the moment, our data in pediatrics remain supportive of an important relationship between adiponectin and measures of β-cell function. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Nevertheless, despite the well-established association of adiponectin with metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, very few studies address the relationship between adiponectin and hypertension at a mechanistic level. (health.am)
- This study investigates the causal relationship between adiponectin levels and metabolic and reproductive functions in PCOS. (pnas.org)
- Published ahead of print in the online version of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (JCEM) , the study seems to confirm what has already been established for several other forms of carcinoma - namely, the inverse relationship between adiponectin and cancer risk. (endocrineweb.com)
- Like several prior investigations into the relationship between adiponectin and cancer growth, scientists then extracted thyroid carcinoma samples from participants in order to measure the effect of adding more of the protein to the cellular environment. (endocrineweb.com)
- Despite a close association between adiponectin and both hypertension and type 2 diabetes, the relationship between adiponectin and metabolic syndrome has not yet been well-investigated. (nii.ac.jp)
- 21,22 Because of the existing differences related to geographic location, it is important to determine the relationship between adiponectin concentrations and cardiovascular risk factors specifically for the Spanish population. (revespcardiol.org)
- Adiponectin is a protein hormone that modulates a number of metabolic processes, including glucose regulation and fatty acid oxidation. (wikipedia.org)
- Also, in an effort to determine if adiponectin is related to an index of glucose homeostasis, we evaluated the correlation of adiponectin with the glucose disposition index (product of insulin sensitivity × first-phase insulin secretion), which revealed that r = 0.35 and P = 0.013. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Consistently, it was shown in type 2 diabetic patients that adiponectin is lowest in the presence of impaired glucose regulation and early diabetes, whereas long diabetes duration is associated with a significant increase in circulating adiponectin ( 11 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Injection of a proteolytically generated globular C-terminal form of recombinant adiponectin into mice significantly reduced levels of plasma-free fatty acids and glucose after a high-fat meal ( 17 ). (pnas.org)
- Full-length, but not the globular C-terminal domain of adiponectin produced in mammalian cells, enhanced the ability of insulin to suppress gluconeogenesis and glucose release by primary rat hepatocytes ( 19 ). (pnas.org)
- Many recent studies (summarized in ref. 20 ) have confirmed and extended these initial findings and corroborated the current notion that adiponectin acts as an insulin sensitizer in vivo , exerting its effects on the liver to suppress glucose output while acting on muscle to increase glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation. (pnas.org)
- Plasma adiponectin concentrations correlated negatively with waist circumference, visceral fat area, serum triglyceride concentration, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes. (nih.gov)
- Its inverse relationship with the increasing BMI, fasting C-peptide concentrations, and C-peptide-to-blood glucose ratio of nondiabetic pregnant women and patients with GDM underlines the importance of adipose tissue and its secreted products, such as adiponectin, in pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Conversely, organismal iron overload and increased adipocyte ferroportin expression because of hemochromatosis are associated with decreased adipocyte iron, increased adiponectin, improved glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. (nih.gov)
- Phlebotomy of humans with impaired glucose tolerance and ferritin values in the highest quartile of normal increased adiponectin and improved glucose tolerance. (nih.gov)
- Adiponectin levels have been positively associated with insulin sensitization, glucose use, β-oxidation, and cardiovascular protection. (health.am)
- Wong et al (2004) have described a widely expressed and highly conserved family of seven adiponectin paralogs that can cause increased glycogen accumulation and fatty acid oxidation and/or lower blood glucose levels in ob/ob mice (see: CTRP1, CTRP2, CTRP9). (prospecbio.com)
- Administration of adiponectin causes glucose-lowering effects and ameliorates insulin resistance in mice. (thermofisher.com)
- Several endoplasmic reticulum ER-associated proteins, including ER oxidoreductase 1-α (Ero1-α), ER resident protein 44 (ERp44), disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GPR94), have recently been found to be involved in the assembly and secretion of higher-order adiponectin complexes. (mdpi.com)
- In an obese rhesus monkey model, the reduction of adiponectin plasma level was associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes 7 while replenishment of adiponectin was shown to ameliorate insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice 8 . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- α-glucosidase inhibitors are another class of anti-diabetic agents that specifically reduce postprandial blood glucose elevations, but its effect on adiponectin is largely unknown. (nii.ac.jp)
- So far, scientific studies have been focused on the effect of adiponectin on regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and its connection to cardiovascular system diseases and diabetes mellitus as well as the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. (springer.com)
- Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. (umassmed.edu)
- 16 Devaraj et al demonstrated that adiponectin inhibits high glucose-induced CRP production through its ability to suppress nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) activation. (ahajournals.org)
- Adiponectin concentrations correlate negatively with glucose, insulin, triglyceride concentrations, liver fat content and body mass index and positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, hepatic insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. (biovendor.com)
- Adiponectin has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease plasma glucose by increasing tissue fat oxidation. (biovendor.com)
- Adiponectin levels were related to glucose tolerance. (ebscohost.com)
- However, coronary artery disease has been found to be positively associated with high molecular weight adiponectin, but not with low molecular weight adiponectin. (wikipedia.org)
- However, it has been reported that in pathological conditions such as coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus, and hypertension that adiponectin levels decline [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Diabetic humans with coronary artery disease have even lower plasma levels of adiponectin than those without ( 8 ). (pnas.org)
- In this study we investigate the plasma concentration of adiponectin in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), those with coronary slow flow (CSF) and in healthy subjects. (medworm.com)
- Low serum adiponectin levels are found in patients with coronary artery disease. (biovendor.com)
- Low serum adiponectin levels were reported to be associated with coronary artery disease and future incidence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). (uni-muenchen.de)
- The adiponectin level has been linked to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. (revespcardiol.org)
- Adiponectin is a cytokine, "adipokine", produced almost exclusively in adipose tissue and is expressed at high levels by lean, healthy individuals. (hindawi.com)
- We therefore investigated the effect of iron on adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine that is decreased in diabetic patients. (nih.gov)
- The association of murine asthma with adiposity may be mediated by adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine with reduced serum concentrations in obese subjects. (bmj.com)
- Adiponectin is an adipokine that inhibits inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome components, namely dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure and insulin resistance. (intechopen.com)
- Recently, several studies have focused on the effects of adiponectin on the endothelium, kidney, and SNS. (health.am)
- In the absence of a major direct effect of adiponectin on thyroid cancer cell lines, the negative association observed herein may be attributed to the metabolic effects of adiponectin,' the researchers concluded. (endocrineweb.com)
- The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of adiponectin on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in human monocyte-derived macrophages. (ahajournals.org)
- The effects of adiponectin (APN) on tumor cells are not well understood, but a number of cancer epidemiologic studies have focused on APN as a predictive marker. (aacrjournals.org)
- In this study, we investigated the protective effects of adiponectin on acetaldehyde-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and attempted to examine its mechanism. (ovid.com)
- Our results suggest that the protective effects of adiponectin on acetaldehyde-induced apoptosis may be ascribed to ability to induce the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and to regulate Bcl-2 and Bax expression. (ovid.com)
- This observation is surprising, given that adiponectin is produced by adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- Mutations and polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene are associated with reduced serum levels of adiponectin, in part due to effects on protein secretion, multimerization, and/or stability ( 9 - 11 ). (pnas.org)
- Hydroxylation and glycosylation of the lysine residues within the collagene-like domain of adiponectin seem to be critically involved in regulating the formation and/or secretion of HMW complexes and consequently contribute to the insulin-sensitizing activity of adiponectin in hepatocytes. (abcam.com)
- Recently, adiponectin was found to enhance exosome biogenesis and secretion, leading to a decrease in cellular ceramides, excess of which is known to cause insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease phenotypes. (jci.org)
- Adiponectin-induced ERK and Akt phosphorylation protects against pancreatic beta cell apoptosis and increases insulin gene expression and secretion. (peprotech.com)
- Adiponectin also augmented TIMP-1 secretion into the media, whereas MMP-9 secretion and activity were unchanged. (ahajournals.org)
- Adiponectin significantly increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA expression at the transcriptional level within 6 hours and significantly increased IL-10 protein secretion within 24 hours. (ahajournals.org)
- 17,18 Adiponectin has also been shown to inhibit agonist-stimulated NF-κB signaling and suppress TNF-α secretion from a number of cell types including macrophages. (ahajournals.org)
- Adiponectin is a 30-kDa adipocyte-derived vasoactive peptide closely linked to components of the metabolic syndrome (rev. in 12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. (nih.gov)
- Hypoadiponectinemia is closely associated with the clinical phenotype of the metabolic syndrome and measuring the plasma concentration of adiponectin may be useful for management of the metabolic syndrome. (nih.gov)
- Ferritin was increased and adiponectin was decreased in type 2 diabetic and in obese diabetic subjects compared with those in equally obese individuals without metabolic syndrome. (nih.gov)
- A recent genome-wide scan study mapped a susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome to chromosome 3q27, where the adiponectin gene is located. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Furthermore, two groups independently reported that one of the quantitative trait loci affecting insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome ( 21 ) and type 2 diabetes ( 22 ) was mapped on chromosome 3q27, where the adiponectin gene is located. (diabetesjournals.org)
- TY - JOUR T1 - Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Accumulating experimental evidence indicates that adiponectin possesses anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties and may also participate importantly in the mechanism of metabolic syndrome and other diseases. (portlandpress.com)
- To examine and evaluate the association between serum adiponectin levels and metabolic syndrome based on Japanese diagnostic criteria, we analyzed adiponectin and anthropometric parameters in 869 male employees aged 40-59 who belonged to a health insurance society in Fukuoka Prefecture and who underwent annual health check-ups from August 2006 to July 2007. (nii.ac.jp)
- The serum adiponectin levels were significantly higher in the non-metabolic syndrome group. (nii.ac.jp)
- In a multiple logistic regression analysis, the subjects in the top quartile of serum adiponectin (adjusted odds ratio:0.36;95% confidence interval:0.21-0.63) and the second (adjusted odds ratio:0.51;95% confidence interval:0.31-0.84) quartile had a significantly decreased risk for metabolic syndrome in comparison to the bottom quartile. (nii.ac.jp)
- The dose-response relationship between serum adiponectin levels and metabolic syndrome was significant (p for trend 0.0001) after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, and drinking status. (nii.ac.jp)
- Altogether, adiponectin has the potential to become a clinically relevant parameter to be measured routinely in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome. (biovendor.com)
- Systemic immunity and metabolism are coregulated by soluble factors, including the insulin-regulating adipose tissue cytokine adiponectin. (jimmunol.org)
- Based on many reference data, it seems that adiponectin may be a link connecting the metabolism of adipose tissue and bone tissue. (springer.com)
- We investigated if hyperglycemia affected photoreceptor metabolism to inhibit neurovascular development, and if adiponectin (APN) restored retinal metabolism to prevent ROP. (arvojournals.org)
- S100A1, ZAG, and adiponectin are important regulators of energy metabolism and body weight. (dovepress.com)
- In humans, normal-range serum ferritin levels were inversely associated with adiponectin, independent of inflammation. (nih.gov)
- Adiponectin may thus attenuate inflammation associated with atherogenesis. (prospecbio.com)
- Our results suggest that adiponectin inhibits excessive lung inflammation in invasive aspergillosis. (jimmunol.org)
- This study identified, for the first time, the adiponectin/IL-10 interaction against vascular inflammation. (ahajournals.org)
- In obese subjects, adiponectin levels are decreased, and the ability of adiponectin to inhibit the inflammatory processes is limited. (hindawi.com)
- To examine the effect of acute and short-term (~1 week) aerobic exercise training on plasma adiponectin levels in inactive, abdominally obese men. (hindawi.com)
- Both acute and short-term aerobic exercise result in a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels in inactive, abdominally obese men independent of intensity. (hindawi.com)
- At present the relationship between an acute bout of aerobic exercise and adiponectin levels in inactive, abdominally obese individuals is unclear. (hindawi.com)
- However, to date no studies have examined adiponectin levels in abdominally obese individuals 30 minutes after the cessation of an acute bout of aerobic exercise, the time point when adiponectin has been reported to be increased in athletic populations [ 5 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- 11 ] report that 2 to 3 bouts of aerobic exercise spread over one week resulted in a dramatic 11.2 μ g/mL (equivalent to 160% of baseline values) increase in plasma adiponectin levels in inactive, abdominally obese men. (hindawi.com)
- Obese patients, particularly those with visceral fat accumulation, have reduced plasma levels of adiponectin, the most abundant and adipose-specific adipocytokine. (portlandpress.com)
- Obese individuals have decreased circulating adiponectin, an adipose-derived hormone with anti-inflammatory properties. (harvard.edu)
- Whereas adiponectin is expressed almost exclusively in adipose tissue, 11,12 plasma adiponectin levels are paradoxically decreased in obese individuals. (ahajournals.org)
- 13 This regulation of adiponectin results, at least in part, from the upregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and other proinflammatory cytokines which inhibits the synthesis of adiponectin in the obese state. (ahajournals.org)
- Blocking the activity of the Anti-adiponectin antibody ( ab25891 ). (abcam.com)
- Western Blot: Adiponectin Antibody (1B2) [NBP2-- HEK293T cells were transfected with the pCMV6-ENTRY control (Left lane) or pCMV6-ENTRY Adiponectin (Right lane) cDNA for 48 hrs and lysed. (novusbio.com)
- Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Adiponectin Antibody (1B2) [NBP2-Staining of COS7 cells transiently transfected by pCMV6-ENTRY Adiponectin. (novusbio.com)
- Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Adiponectin Antibody (1B2) [NBP2-- Staining of paraffin-embedded Human Kidney tissue using anti-Adiponectin mouse monoclonal antibody. (novusbio.com)
- In ELISAs, this antibody shows no cross-reactivity or interference with recombinant mouse (rm) Adiponectin or rh6Ckine. (rndsystems.com)
- Western blot analysis of adiponectin in rat brain cell lysate with adiponectin antibody at (A) 1, (B) 2, and (C) 4 ug/mL. (genetex.com)
- Immunohistochemistry of adiponectin in rat brain tissue with adiponectin antibody at 1 ug/mL. (genetex.com)
- Cotreatment of adiponectin with anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody completely abolished adiponectin-induced TIMP-1 mRNA expression. (ahajournals.org)
- Although adiponectin inhibits proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. (aacrjournals.org)
- 14 A series of in vitro experiments have demonstrated that adiponectin inhibits the production and action of TNFα, a key proinflammatory cytokine, in various types of cells including cardiac and vascular cells. (ahajournals.org)
- Devaraj et al demonstrate that adiponectin inhibits CRP production 16 in endothelial cells through its ability to modulate the AMP-kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways ( Figure ). (ahajournals.org)
- Adiponectin also inhibits the inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis suppressing the expression of adhesion and cytokine molecules in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, respectively. (biovendor.com)
- One of them, adiponectin decreases the expression of adhesion molecules and inhibits the attachment of active macrophages to the endothelial surface, so that it acts antiinflammatory effect. (eurekaselect.com)
- We describe a widely expressed and highly conserved family of adiponectin paralogs designated as C1q/tumor necrosis factor-α-related proteins (CTRPs) 1-7. (pnas.org)
- Adiponectin belongs to a growing family of proteins, all of which contain a C-terminal globular C1q-like domain of ≈135 aa. (pnas.org)
- Including the seven adiponectin paralogs described here, there are currently 25 proteins belonging to the C1q/TNF-α superfamily. (pnas.org)
- Also, the association between serum levels of S100A1, ZAG, and adiponectin represents that these three proteins are probably related to specific functions. (dovepress.com)
- Adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, is closely and inversely associated with insulin resistance and was recently found to be inversely and independently associated with endometrial cancer. (nih.gov)
- The "adiponectin theory" is still controversial, notes David Bell, MD , of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, but a statin-induced reduction in the hormone may lead to both islet cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. (medpagetoday.com)
- The only hormone displaying an opposite trend is adiponectin. (health.am)
- Decrease in adiponectin levels correlates to growth response in growth hormone-treated children. (gu.se)
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in serum adiponectin levels are related to the growth response, insulin levels and insulin resistance during growth hormone (GH) treatment. (gu.se)
- Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, together with adipocyte size, is the strongest factor associated with insulin resistance in PCOS. (pnas.org)
- In women with PCOS, adipose tissue produces less of the "good" hormone adiponectin which increases the body's sensitivity to insulin. (wellnessresources.com)
- Adiponectin, produced in adipose tissues of mammals, is an insulin-sensitizing hormone. (frontiersin.org)
- Strangely, osmotin acts like the mammalian hormone adiponectin in various in vitro and in vivo models. (frontiersin.org)
- In conclusion, shifting the dolphin diet to fishes rich in odd chain saturated fatty acids, such as C17:0, resulted in increased serum levels of the insulin sensitizing hormone adiponectin and serum SPH consistent with an insulin-sensitizing phenotype. (frontiersin.org)
- Metabolically, one of the more important fat-derived factors ("adipokines") is adiponectin (APN). (aacrjournals.org)
- High-molecular-weight adiponectin was further found to be associated with a lower risk of diabetes with similar magnitude of association as total adiponectin. (wikipedia.org)
- Pioglitazone, as expected, increased serum levels of total adiponectin by 2.1 fold and its high molecular weight isoform by 3.6 fold. (nii.ac.jp)
- We found that acarbose also caused a small but significant increase in serum concentrations of total adiponectin. (nii.ac.jp)
- In conclusion, acarbose increases serum concentrations of total adiponectin without preference of the high molecular weight isoform in type 2 diabetic patients. (nii.ac.jp)
- We measured 2-h post-prandial serum FGF21, total adiponectin, percent unmodified adiponectin, ceramide, and sphingosine levels from dolphins fed a diet rich in heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) over 24 weeks. (frontiersin.org)
- In addition to promoting adipocyte differentiation, PPAR- γ agonists are known to increase adiponectin expression both in vitro and in vivo [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation may increase adiponectin and reduce TNF-α levels. (greenmedinfo.com)
- The collagen domain allows adiponectin to form trimers, hexamers, and higher order complexes prior to being secreted. (springer.com)
- Another designation is ACDC [adiponectin, C1q and collagen domain containing]. (prospecbio.com)
- Adiponectin exerts some of its weight reduction effects via the brain. (wikipedia.org)
- Adiponectin also exerts anti-hypertrophic effects and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Adiponectin (APN) is an adipose-derived plasma protein, which exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertrophic effects. (ahajournals.org)
- The Quantikine Mouse Adiponectin Immunoassay is a 4.5 hour solid phase ELISA designed to measure full-length mouse Adiponectin levels in cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates, serum, and plasma. (rndsystems.com)
- Serum adiponectin and IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA. (eurekaselect.com)
- Serum levels of S100A1, ZAG, and adiponectin were measured by ELISA. (dovepress.com)
- Adiponectin levels were inversely associated with endometrial cancer risk [body mass index-adjusted relative risk for the top vs. bottom quartile = 0.56 (95% confidence interval 0.36-0.86), P(trend) = 0. (nih.gov)
- In bivariate analysis adiponectin levels were inversely correlated with total coronary plaque burden (r = -0.21, p = 0.0004), mixed (r = -0.20, p = 0.0007) and non-calcified plaques (r = -0.18, p = 0.003). (uni-muenchen.de)
- Cognate mRNA levels of adiponectin were not affected by ARBs. (ahajournals.org)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of adiponectin and PPARγ were measured by using reverse-transcription and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. (aappublications.org)
- Adiponectin treatment dose-dependently increased TIMP-1 mRNA levels without affecting MMP-9 mRNA levels. (ahajournals.org)
- 14 In addition, it has been shown that CRP is also produced in adipose tissues and that a significant negative relationship is found between CRP and adiponectin mRNA levels in adipose tissues. (ahajournals.org)
- Among these, adiponectin (APN) has been reported as a major anti-inflammatory mediator inhibiting the development of cardiovascular disease ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- The aim of our study was to investigate insulin resistance and serum adiponectin levels as cardiovascular risk markers in patients with Behçet's disease. (wiley.com)
- Our results suggest that there exists no increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease associated with adiponectin levels and insulin resistance in patients with Behçet's disease. (wiley.com)
- Clinically, high plasma adiponectin level was associated with low cardiovascular event rate in patients with chronic renal failure. (ahajournals.org)
- 5,6 Plasma adiponectin levels are an inverse predictor of cardiovascular outcomes among patients with end-stage renal disease. (ahajournals.org)
- Gender difference in adiponectin associated with cardiovascular mortality. (springer.com)
- Adiponectin: An Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factor. (revespcardiol.org)
- Emerging cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as adiponectin, glycosilated hemoglobin, waist circumference and the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level can aid CV risk stratification. (revespcardiol.org)
- We previously reported that adiponectin, an adipose-specific plasma protein, accumulated to the injured artery and attenuated vascular inflammatory response. (ahajournals.org)
- RESULTS A homogenous staining of adiponectin was found on the endothelial surface of glomerular capillaries and intrarenal arterioles in nondiabetic kidneys, whereas staining was decreased in diabetic nephropathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Ouchi et al (1999) have determined that adiponectin suppresses TNF induced adhesion of monocytes to aortic endothelial cells and also suppresses the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), selectin E, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1 (CD54)) in these cells. (prospecbio.com)
- 16 These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that adiponectin attenuates TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in endothelial cells, resulting in reduced expression of cell adhesion molecules and interleukin (IL)-8. (ahajournals.org)
- 21 Adiponectin activates AMPK signaling in hepatocytes, myocytes, and endothelial cells, and this increase in AMPK signaling is believed to contribute to the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective actions of adiponectin. (ahajournals.org)
- Studies have shown that adiponectin administration in humans and rodents has insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects, and, in certain settings, also decreases body weight. (mdpi.com)
- There is evidence that adiponectin is an important modulator of inflammatory processes implicated in airway pathophysiology. (mdpi.com)
- Our results indicate that adiponectin protects against allergen-induced inflammatory cell recruitment to the airspaces, but not development of goblet cell hyperplasia. (harvard.edu)
- There was no relationship between insulin resistance, adiponectin levels and inflammatory markers. (wiley.com)
- 8 These data suggest that adiponectin has antiinflammatory properties and that adiponectin might regulate inflammatory responses at atherosclerotic lesions, in which MMPs and TIMPs are abundantly present. (ahajournals.org)
- Although the general positive effect on weight loss, inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers has been studied, the impact of these interventional studies on adiponectin remains unclear. (intechopen.com)
- Conclusion: Resistin levels had an inverse correlation with adiponectin levels, indicating an inverse relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and adiponectin. (ebscohost.com)
- Human recombinant globular domain of adiponectin (gAd) or full-length adiponectin (fAd) was administered via intraperitoneal injection once daily for 7 consecutive days after SN, and in vivo MI/R was introduced 3 wk later. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We evaluated the association of adiponectin with the occurrence of breast cancer in a case-control study comprising 174 women with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed breast cancer and 167 controls. (nih.gov)
- Adiponectin is secreted from adipose tissue (and also from the placenta in pregnancy) into the bloodstream and is very abundant in plasma relative to many hormones. (wikipedia.org)
- Noting that adiponectin deficiency promotes insulin resistance and that insulin resistance is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, Iwabu et al . (sciencemag.org)
- Increased myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in renal failure involves cardiac adiponectin signal deficiency. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- In this study, we show that adiponectin-activated AMPK reduces the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells by stimulating dephosphorylation of AKT by increasing protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. (aacrjournals.org)
- In this study, we examine the ability of AMPK, activated by adiponectin to activate PP2A by phosphorylation of its B56 subunit, which in turn suppresses invasiveness by inactivating AKT. (aacrjournals.org)
- Specifically they show that AMPK inhibition attenuates the ability of adiponectin to suppress NF-κB activity and CRP production. (ahajournals.org)
- Adiponectin is an adipose-derived plasma protein with anti-atherogenic and insulin-sensitizing activities. (nih.gov)
- Adiponectin may also be involved in the progression of hypertension. (health.am)
- The association between adiponectin and hypertension is also evident in clinical studies by showing that hypoadiponectinemia is a risk factor for hypertension independent of insulin resistance and diabetes. (health.am)
- Here, we discuss these findings as they relate specifically to adiponectin, whereas the impact of other fat-derived hormones on hypertension is reviewed elsewhere. (health.am)
- Associations among plasma adiponectin, hypertension, left ventricular diastolic function and left ventricular mass index. (biomedsearch.com)
- OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationships among plasma adiponectin, essential hypertension, left ventricular diastolic function and left ventricular hypertrophy. (biomedsearch.com)
- Rosiglitazone treatment increases plasma levels of adiponectin and decreases levels of resistin in overweight women with PCOS: a randomized placebo-controlled study. (rndsystems.com)
- Relations of circulating resistin and adiponectin and cardiac structure and function: the Framingham Offspring Study. (umassmed.edu)
- There was a significant inverse correlation between log adiponectin and resistin, p (ebscohost.com)