Adipokines: Polypeptides produced by the ADIPOCYTES. They include LEPTIN; ADIPONECTIN; RESISTIN; and many cytokines of the immune system, such as TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-6; and COMPLEMENT FACTOR D (also known as ADIPSIN). They have potent autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions.Resistin: A 12-kDa cysteine-rich polypeptide hormone secreted by FAT CELLS in the ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is the founding member of the resistin-like molecule (RELM) hormone family. Resistin suppresses the ability of INSULIN to stimulate cellular GLUCOSE uptake.Adiponectin: A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) from nicotinamide and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate, the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of the NAD coenzyme. It is also known as a growth factor for early B-LYMPHOCYTES, or an ADIPOKINE with insulin-mimetic effects (visfatin).Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Adipocytes: Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma: Retinol binding proteins that circulate in the PLASMA. They are members of the lipocalin family of proteins and play a role in the transport of RETINOL from the LIVER to the peripheral tissues. The proteins are usually found in association with TRANSTHYRETIN.Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.Adiposity: The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.Metabolic Syndrome X: A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)Subcutaneous Fat: Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body.Adipose Tissue, White: Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the BROWN FAT. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy.Receptors, Adipokine: Cell surface receptors for ADIPOKINES, cytokines secreted by the ADIPOCYTES.Receptors, Adiponectin: Cell surface receptors for ADIPONECTIN, an antidiabetic hormone secreted by ADIPOCYTES. Adiponectin receptors are membrane proteins with multiple cytoplasmic and extracellular regions. They are about 43 kDa and encoded by at least two genes with different affinities for globular and full-length adiponectin.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.3T3-L1 Cells: A continuous cell line that is a substrain of SWISS 3T3 CELLS developed though clonal isolation. The mouse fibroblast cells undergo an adipose-like conversion as they move to a confluent and contact-inhibited state.Interleukin-6: A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of B-LYMPHOCYTES and is also a growth factor for HYBRIDOMAS and plasmacytomas. It is produced by many different cells including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Intra-Abdominal Fat: Fatty tissue inside the ABDOMINAL CAVITY, including visceral fat and retroperitoneal fat. It is the most metabolically active fat in the body and easily accessible for LIPOLYSIS. Increased visceral fat is associated with metabolic complications of OBESITY.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Inflammation Mediators: The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).Overnutrition: An imbalanced NUTRITIONAL STATUS resulting from excessive intake of nutrients. Generally, overnutrition generates an energy imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure leading to disorders such as OBESITY.C-Reactive Protein: A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.Receptors, Leptin: Cell surface receptors for obesity factor (LEPTIN), a hormone secreted by the WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Upon leptin-receptor interaction, the signal is mediated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway to regulate food intake, energy balance and fat storage.Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Hormones, Ectopic: Hormones released from neoplasms or from other cells that are not the usual sources of hormones.Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Omentum: A double-layered fold of peritoneum that attaches the STOMACH to other organs in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY.Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins: Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.Ghrelin: A 28-amino acid, acylated, orexigenic peptide that is a ligand for GROWTH HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE RECEPTORS. Ghrelin is widely expressed but primarily in the stomach in the adults. Ghrelin acts centrally to stimulate growth hormone secretion and food intake, and peripherally to regulate energy homeostasis. Its large precursor protein, known as appetite-regulating hormone or motilin-related peptide, contains ghrelin and obestatin.Peptide Hormones: Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic.Angiopoietins: A family of structurally-related angiogenic proteins of approximately 70 kDa in size. They have high specificity for members of the TIE RECEPTOR FAMILY.Lipocalins: A diverse family of extracellular proteins that bind to small hydrophobic molecules. They were originally characterized as transport proteins, however they may have additional roles such as taking part in the formation of macromolecular complexes with other proteins and binding to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.Blood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1: A member of the serpin family of proteins. It inhibits both the tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.BooksPublishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.MEDLINE: The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).Lipodystrophy: A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized: Congenital disorders, usually autosomal recessive, characterized by severe generalized lack of ADIPOSE TISSUE, extreme INSULIN RESISTANCE, and HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA.Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.Buffaloes: Ruminants of the family Bovidae consisting of Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer. This concept is differentiated from BISON, which refers to Bison bison and Bison bonasus.Adrenal Cortex HormonesHIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome: Defective metabolism leading to fat maldistribution in patients infected with HIV. The etiology appears to be multifactorial and probably involves some combination of infection-induced alterations in metabolism, direct effects of antiretroviral therapy, and patient-related factors.
Strong induction of members of the chitinase family of proteins in atherosclerosis: chitotriosidase and human cartilage gp-39 expressed in lesion macrophages. (1/819)
Atherosclerosis is initiated by the infiltration of monocytes into the subendothelial space of the vessel wall and subsequent lipid accumulation of the activated macrophages. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anomalous behavior of macrophages in atherogenesis have only partially been disclosed. Chitotriosidase and human cartilage gp-39 (HC gp-39) are members of the chitinase family of proteins and are expressed in lipid-laden macrophages accumulated in various organs during Gaucher disease. In addition, as shown in this study, chitotriosidase and HC gp-39 can be induced with distinct kinetics in cultured macrophages. We investigated the expression of these chitinase-like genes in the human atherosclerotic vessel wall by in situ hybridizations on atherosclerotic specimens derived from femoral artery (4 specimens), aorta (4 specimens), iliac artery (3 specimens), carotid artery (4 specimens), and coronary artery (1 specimen), as well as 5 specimens derived from apparently normal vascular tissue. We show for the first time that chitotriosidase and HC gp-39 expression was strongly upregulated in distinct subsets of macrophages in the atherosclerotic plaque. The expression patterns of chitotriosidase and HC gp-39 were compared and shown to be different from the patterns observed for the extracellular matrix protein osteopontin and the macrophage marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Our data emphasize the remarkable phenotypic variation among macrophages present in the atherosclerotic lesion. Furthermore, chitotriosidase enzyme activity was shown to be elevated up to 55-fold in extracts of atherosclerotic tissue. Although a function for chitotriosidase and HC gp-39 has not been identified, we hypothesize a role in cell migration and tissue remodeling during atherogenesis. (+info)Serum YKL-40 and colorectal cancer. (2/819)
YKL-40 is a mammalian member of the chitinase protein family. Although the function of YKL-40 is unknown, the pattern of its expression suggests a function in remodelling or degradation of extracellular matrix. High serum YKL-40 has been found in patients with recurrent breast cancer and has been related to short survival. In the present study we analysed YKL-40 in preoperative sera from patients with colorectal cancer and evaluated its relation to survival. Serum YKL-40 was determined by RIA in 603 patients. Survival after operation was registered, and median follow-up time was 61 months. Three hundred and forty patients died. Sixteen per cent of the patients with Dukes' A, 26% with Dukes' B, 19% with Dukes' C and 39% with Dukes' D had high serum YKL-40 levels (adjusted for age). Analysis of serum YKL-40 as a continuous variable showed an association between increased serum YKL-40 and short survival (P < 0.0001). Patients with high preoperative serum YKL-40 concentration had significantly shorter survival than patients with normal YKL-40 (HR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.1, P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox analysis including serum YKL-40, serum CEA, Dukes' stage, age and gender showed that high YKL-40 was an independent prognostic variable for short survival (HR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8, P = 0.007). These results suggest that YKL-40 may play an important role in tumour invasion. (+info)T cell responses to a human cartilage autoantigen in the context of rheumatoid arthritis-associated and nonassociated HLA-DR4 alleles. (3/819)
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the CD4+ T cell responses to the human cartilage antigen glycoprotein-39 (HCgp-39) in the context of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated (DRalphabeta1*0401) and nonassociated (DRalphabeta1*0402) HLA class II molecules. METHODS: Large numbers of HCgp-39-specific T cell hybridomas were generated following immunization of HLA-DR4/human CD4 transgenic, murine major histocompatibility complex class II deficient mice with native HCgp-39. Fine epitope mapping of DRalphabeta1*0401-and DRalphabeta1*0402-restricted T cell hybridomas was performed using overlapping synthetic peptides. Antigen-specific cytokine production by lymph node T cells was evaluated after immunization with native antigen. Proliferative T cell responses of healthy human subjects were compared with the T cell responses of patients with active RA using HCgp-39 epitopes defined in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. RESULTS: CD4+ T cells from DRalphabeta1*0401 and DRalphabeta1*0402 transgenic mice identified completely different immunodominant peptide epitopes of HCgp-39, and this was not explained by known DR4-binding motifs or direct peptide-binding studies. DRalphabeta1*0401-restricted, antigen-specific T cells produced significantly more interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor a in response to HCgp-39 than did T cells from DRalphabeta1*0402 transgenic mice. Finally, HCgp-39 peptides defined in DRalphabeta1*0401 transgenic mice stimulated T cells from HLA-DR4 positive human subjects and RA patients, but not T cells from HLA-DR4 negative individuals. CONCLUSION: T cell epitopes of HCgp-39 that were defined in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice stimulated T cells from human subjects carrying RA-associated HLA-DR4 alleles. HLA-DR4 molecules may influence the disease process in RA both by presentation of selected peptide epitopes and by promoting the production of proinflammatory cytokines in synovial joints. (+info)Serum YKL-40 concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: relation to disease activity. (4/819)
OBJECTIVE: YKL-40, also called human cartilage glycoprotein-39, is secreted by chondrocytes, synovial cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Studies have shown that YKL-40 is an autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We evaluated whether serum YKL-40 was related to disease activity in patients with RA. METHODS: Serum YKL-40 was determined by radioimmunoassay in 156 patients with RA during a 1 yr longitudinal study. RESULTS: Serum YKL-40 was increased in 54% of the patients with clinically active disease. Patients with clinically active disease initially who became inactive after 12 months had a significant decrease in serum YKL-40 (-30%, P < 0.002) and patients who changed from inactive to active disease had an increase in serum YKL-40. Patients who remained active had unchanged serum YKL-40 during the study. Serum YKL-40 decreased rapidly (-24% after 7 days, P < 0.01) during prednisolone therapy, and more slowly in patients treated with methotrexate only (-15% after 60 days, P < 0.01). Patients with early RA (disease duration < 3 yr, n = 50) and a persistently elevated serum YKL-40 were at risk of radiological disease progression as determined by Larsen score. CONCLUSION: Serum YKL-40 varies according to disease activity in RA, but provides in some respect information different from conventional markers. Our previous studies are consistent with a local release of YKL-40 in the arthritic joint followed by a secondary increase in serum YKL-40. YKL-40 may prove to be a new tool for the study of disease activity and pathophysiology of RA. (+info)YKL-40, a matrix protein of specific granules in neutrophils, is elevated in serum of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. (5/819)
The serum concentration of YKL-40, a matrix protein of specific granules in neutrophils, was determined by RIA in 90 patients hospitalized with pneumonia of suspected bacterial origin. Of these, 64 were followed prospectively during antibiotic treatment with blood samples taken on day 0 (on admission and the start of treatment) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 21. Serum YKL-40 at admission was increased in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (median, 893 microgram/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 704-1560), compared with healthy subjects (median, 102 microgram/L; 95% CI, 64-247 microgram/L; P<.001) and in patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology (median, 448 microgram/L; 95% CI, 334-700; P<.05). Peak YKL-40 serum values were observed on day 1 and thereafter declined steeply to almost normal by day 3. During the first 10 days, there was a close relation between serum YKL-40 and markers of specific granules of neutrophils (serum lactoferrin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), which suggests that serum YKL-40 reflects exocytosis of specific granules of neutrophils in persons with acute bacterial pneumonia. (+info)YKL-40 in giant cells and macrophages from patients with giant cell arteritis. (6/819)
OBJECTIVE: YKL-40, a mammalian member of the family 18 glycosyl hydrolases, is secreted by activated macrophages at a late stage of differentiation. Macrophages are present in inflammation of the arterial wall and are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (GCA). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether macrophages and giant cells of patients with GCA produce YKL-40, and whether serum YKL-40 concentrations are elevated in these patients. METHODS: Serum YKL-40 was determined by radioimmunoassay in 19 patients with GCA and 8 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) who were followed up prospectively during 1 year of treatment with prednisolone. Immunohistochemical staining for YKL-40 was performed in temporal artery biopsy samples that were obtained before treatment. RESULTS: In the arteritic vessels of patients with GCA, positive staining for the YKL-40 antigen was found in CD68+ giant cells and mononuclear cells located in the media. Macrophages located in the adventitia and intima were negative for YKL-40. At the time of diagnosis, patients with GCA had an increased median serum level of YKL-40 (256 microg/liter; P<0.01) compared with healthy age-matched controls (median 118 microg/liter), and the serum level of YKL-40 decreased to normal levels during prednisolone treatment (-38% after 1 month; P<0.001). Most patients with PMR had normal serum YKL-40 levels (median 158 microg/liter) and had no changes in the serum YKL-40 levels during prednisolone treatment. The observed changes in serum YKL-40 did not always parallel the changes in serum C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during the 1-year study period. CONCLUSION: YKL-40 is found in CD68+ giant cells and mononuclear cells in the media of arteritic vessels of patients with GCA, and the concentration of serum YKL-40 may reflect the local activity of these cells in the inflamed artery. (+info)Induction of tolerance with intranasal administration of human cartilage gp-39 in DBA/1 mice: amelioration of clinical, histologic, and radiologic signs of type II collagen-induced arthritis. (7/819)
OBJECTIVE: Human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC gp-39) was recently identified as a candidate autoantigen in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. In the present studies, we investigated the capacity of HC gp-39 to interfere in clinical disease induced by an unrelated autoantigen, type II collagen (CII), by the induction of cross-tolerance. METHODS: DBA-1j/Bom mice were immunized with bovine CII/complete Freund's adjuvant and were given intraperitoneal booster injections of CII on day 21. Tolerance was induced via the intranasal pathway with either the disease-inducing antigen (CII), a control antigen (ovalbumin), or HC gp-39 either before priming with CII or near the day of the booster injection. Arthritis was monitored visually, and joint pathology was examined histologically and radiologically. In addition, CII antibody levels in serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In contrast to treatment before priming, intranasal application of HC gp-39 after immunization markedly suppressed disease activity and prevented joint destruction, whereas application of ovalbumin or CII was ineffective. Interference of HC gp-39 with the immune response to CII was demonstrated by decreased anti-CII antibody levels. The combined data indicate that intranasal treatment with HC gp-39 may trigger modulatory or regulatory mechanisms that interfere with the expression of disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis. CONCLUSION: HC gp-39 is the first cross-tolerance-inducing protein in arthritis that down-modulates a spectrum of disease features when given in a semitherapeutic protocol. (+info)Human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC gp-39) mRNA expression in adult and fetal chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteocytes by in-situ hybridization. (8/819)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression pattern of human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC gp-39) mRNA in human cartilage and bone. DESIGN: In-situ hybridization analysis was used to examine the expression pattern of human cartilage glycoprotein 39 (HC gp-39) mRNA in adult human osteoarthritic articular cartilage from various stages of disease, as well as in human osteophytic tissue and in human fetal bone. RESULTS: In cartilage from patients with mild osteoarthritic cartilage degeneration, HC gp-39 was expressed at moderate to high levels only in chondrocytes of the superficial zone. In advanced OA cartilage, cloning chondrocytes of the superficial zone expressed high levels of HC gp-39 and chondrocytes of the mid- and deep zones were also positive. HC gp-39 was undetectable in the chondrocytes of normal articular cartilage. In osteophytic tissue, the expression of HC gp-39 mRNA was intense in flattened, end-stage osteoblasts and in primary osteocytes in both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation. Proliferating osteoblasts expressed low to moderate levels. Notably, mature osteocytes were negative for HC gp-39 expression. Chondrocytes in the secondary ossification center of developing fetal cartilage demonstrated high expression while growth plate and mineralized cartilage chondrocytes had lower expression. Osteoblasts at sites of endochondral and intramembranous bone formation were positive for expression of HC gp-39. CONCLUSIONS: The stage-specific expression of HC gp-39 in fetal development and adult remodelling bone and cartilage provides evidence for a specific functional or structural role for HC gp-39 in bone and cartilage tissue. HC gp-39 is expressed in diseased human osteoarthritic cartilage and osteophyte, but not in non-diseased tissue, and its distribution within the tissue changes as disease progresses. OA is characterized not only by cartilage degeneration, but by increased subchondral bone formation and osteophytosis. The results from this study indicate that the increased HC gp-39 expression in OA serum and synovial fluid may reflect not only cartilage degeneration but increased osteogenesis. (+info)... adipokines of the alternative complement system; (4) chemotactic/chemoattractant adipokines; and prostaglandins (eicosanoids). ... Wang, B; Wood, IS; Trayhurn, P (2007). "Dysregulation of the expression and secretion of inflammation-related adipokines by ... adipokines with cytokine activity such as leptin, interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor alpha; (2) acute phase proteins / ...
... including the cell signalling proteins known as adipokines. Certain adipokines can be considered as hormones, as they regulate ... Scotece M, Conde J, Vuolteenaho K, Koskinen A, López V, Gómez-Reino J, Lago F, Moilanen E, Gualillo O (2014). "Adipokines as ... Conde J, Scotece M, Gómez R, López V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Lago F, Gualillo O (2011). "Adipokines: biofactors from white adipose ... Leptin was the first fat cell-derived hormone (adipokine) to be discovered. Subsequent studies in 1995 confirmed that the db ...
The result is reduction of the testis' production of testosterone and a further increase in adipokine levels. This then feeds ... Peterlin BL, Sacco S, Bernecker C, Scher AI (April 2016). "Adipokines and Migraine: A Systematic Review". Headache. 56 (4): 622 ... In men, obesity and metabolic syndrome both increase estrogen and adipokine production. This reduces gonadotropin-releasing ...
In humans, via white adipocytes (fat cells), production of the hormone leptin (an adipokine) acts on the hypothalamus where ... Mitchell, M.; Armstrong, D. T.; Robker, R. L.; Norman, R. J. (2005-11-01). "Adipokines: implications for female fertility and ...
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Adipolin is an adipokine. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000184163 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ... a novel adipokine in human and murine ATDC-5 chondrocyte cell line". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 72 (1): 140-2. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis- ... "Adipolin/C1qdc2/CTRP12 protein functions as an adipokine that improves glucose metabolism". J. Biol. Chem. 286 (40): 34552-8. ...
Ohta, H; Itoh, N (2014). "Roles of FGFs as Adipokines in Adipose Tissue Development, Remodeling, and Metabolism". Frontiers in ... Perivascular adipose tissue releases adipokines such as adiponectin that affect the contractile function of the vessels that ... Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease. Neel JV (1989). "The study of natural selection in primitive and civilized ... called adipokines (adipocytokines), which play a role in obesity-associated complications. ...
The adipokines are mediators produced by adipose tissue; their action is thought to modify many obesity-related diseases. ...
CMKLR1 is also activated by chemerin and Adipokines. All of these receptors activate their parent cells through standard GPR- ...
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Signalling molecules released by adipose tissue are referred to as adipokines. Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked ...
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It is possible adipokines and cytokines made in adipose tissue down-regulate insulin pathways. It is also possible that IR ... The cells of adipose (fat) tissue synthesizes hormones known as adipokines. In humans, dysfunction of adipose tissue, even in ... leading to the production of more adipokines and perpetuation of the cycle, and a constant low-level, pro-inflammatory state. ...
Diet patterns, adipokines, and metabolism: where are we and what is next? Metabolism. 2014 Feb;63(2):168-77. doi:10.1016/j. ... leads to improved levels of adipokines like adiponectin, which decreases insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors like c- ... group include the elucidation of the physiological role and potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility of several adipokines ...
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... a novel adipokine in the regulation of angiogenesis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 95 (5): 2476-85. ...
Kim YH, Choi BH, Cheon HG, Do MS (March 2009). "B cell activation factor (BAFF) is a novel adipokine that links obesity and ... "B cell-activating factor controls the production of adipokines and induces insulin resistance". Obesity. 19 (10): 1915-22. doi: ...
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As an adipokine receptor it has a role in adipogenesis and adipocyte maturation. It seems also to have a role in peripheral ... Chemokine receptor-like 1 is a G protein-coupled receptor for the chemoattractant adipokine chemerin and the omega-3 fatty acid ... Darios ES, Winner BM, Charvat T, Krasinksi A, Punna S, Watts SW (August 2016). "The adipokine chemerin amplifies electrical ... "Adipokine Chemerin Bridges Metabolic Dyslipidemia and Alveolar Bone Loss in Mice". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. doi: ...
... a newly identified adipokine up-regulated by insulin and obesity". Endocrinology. 2005 Apr. 146 (4): 1764-71. doi:10.1210/en. ...
"Effects of bariatric surgery on adipokine-induced inflammation and insulin resistance". Frontiers in Endocrinology. doi:10.3389 ...
Malyszko J, Malyszko JS, Pawlak K, Mysliwiec M (December 2006). "Resistin, a new adipokine, is related to inflammation and ... an adipokine-mediated process?". Diabetes. 51 (10): 2951-8. doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.10.2951. PMID 12351432. Levy JR, Davenport ... further evidence of adipokine-endothelial interaction". Circulation. 108 (6): 736-40. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000084503.91330.49. ...
Kim KS, Choi HM, Ji HI, Song R, Yang HI, Lee SK, Yoo MC, Park YB (January 2014). "Serum adipokine levels in rheumatoid ... Hara K, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T (April 2005). "Adiponectin: an adipokine linking adipocytes and type 2 diabetes in humans". ...
A recent report revealed RBP4 as an adipokine linking glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) suppression in adipose tissue to insulin. ...
The first adipokine to be discovered was leptin in 1994. Since that time, hundreds of adipokines have been discovered. Members ... The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek adipo-, fat; cytos-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are cytokines (cell signaling ... Conde J, Scotece M, Gómez R, López V, Gómez-Reino JJ, Lago F, Gualillo O (2011). "Adipokines: biofactors from white adipose ... Lehr S, Hartwig S, Sell H (2012). "Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders". ...
Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation.. Fantuzzi G1.. Author information. 1. Department of Human Nutrition, University ... Altered adipokine levels have been observed in a variety of inflammatory conditions, although their pathogenic role has not ... Adipose tissue produces and releases a variety of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, including the adipokines ...
Adipokines: therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome.. Kobayashi K1.. Author information. 1. Department of Medicine and ... These adipokines play pivotal roles in energy homeostasis by affecting insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolisms, food ... Recently, many investigators have reported that adipocytes secrete a variety of bioactive molecules, termed adipokines ( ...
... termed adipokines. These adipokines function as circulating hormones to communicate with other organs including the brain, ... 2005). Apelin, a newly identified adipokine up-regulated by insulin and obesity. Endocrinology, 146, 1764-1771.PubMedCrossRef ... Itoh, N. (2014). FGF21 as a hepatokine, adipokine, and myokine in metabolism and diseases. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 5, 107. ... The dysregulation of adipokines has been implicated in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, ...
Corticosteroid-induced Lipodystrophy and Adipokines. Official Title Study of Histological and Adipokines Expression Variations ... Methods: At treatment initiation and 3 months after: comparison of fat sample mRNA expression of adipokines (adiponectin, ...
Adipokines are hormones that display both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. One such adipokine is leptin, a 16 kD protein ... Adipokines and Cysteinyl Leukotrienes in the Pathogenesis of Asthma. Michael J. Coffey, Barbara Torretti, and Peter Mancuso ... Adiponectin is another adipokine formed in adipose tissue. In contrast to leptin, adiponectin levels are decreased in obesity ... Adipokines, especially in obese female asthmatics, may promote an asthma phenotype that has become more prevalent and results ...
Lipophilic Micronutrients, Adipokines and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2011-23). The safety and scientific validity of this ... Lipophilic Micronutrients, Adipokines and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Official Title ICMJE Lipophilic Micronutrients, ... The favourable effects of these micronutrients on insulin sensitivity could be partially mediated by adipokines and/or pro- ... Adipokines and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Brief Summary Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a ...
... Heather M. Ochs-Balcom,1 Rikki Cannioto,1 Jing Nie ... Adipokines have been postulated as contributors to the observed association; however, few studies have examined the mediating ... We observed differences in circulating adipokine concentrations by race; African Americans had higher levels of leptin and ... effect of adipokines on the obesity-colon adenoma association with consideration of racial differences. Methods. We determined ...
... adipokines explanation free. What is adipokines? Meaning of adipokines medical term. What does adipokines mean? ... Looking for online definition of adipokines in the Medical Dictionary? ... Adipokines , definition of adipokines by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/adipokines ... adipokines. ad·i·po·kines (adi-pōkēnz) Autocrine and paracrine factors released from human adipose tissue, in particular the ...
Brown adipokines are regulatory factors secreted by brown and beige adipocytes that exhibit endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine ... Adipokine Beige adipocyte Brown adipocyte Brown adipose tissue This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check ... Chen Z, Wang GX, Ma SL, Jung DY, Ha H, Altamimi T et al (2017) Nrg4 promotes fuel oxidation and a healthy adipokine profile to ... Brown adipokines are regulatory factors secreted by brown and beige adipocytes that exhibit endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine ...
The A/L ratio was used to assess the previously proposed combination effect of adipokines (12). Adipokine combinations were ... Adipokines and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in an Aboriginal Canadian Population. Sylvia H. Ley, Stewart B. Harris, Philip W. ... Adipokines and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in an Aboriginal Canadian Population. Sylvia H. Ley, Stewart B. Harris, Philip W. ... collectively termed adipokines, has prompted current interests in associations of adipokines with insulin resistance and ...
"Adipokines" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Adipokines" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, ... Effect of Ramadan diurnal fasting on visceral adiposity and serum adipokines in overweight and obese individuals. Diabetes Res ... Perinatal Whole Blood Zinc Status and Cytokines, Adipokines, and Other Immune Response Proteins. Nutrients. 2019 08 22; 11(9). ...
Obesity, Adipokines, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Health in Men Study. Jonathan Golledge, Paula Clancy, Konrad Jamrozik, Paul ... Obesity, Adipokines, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Health in Men Study. Jonathan Golledge, Paula Clancy, Konrad Jamrozik and ... Obesity, Adipokines, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Health in Men Study. Jonathan Golledge, Paula Clancy, Konrad Jamrozik and ...
BioVision develops and offers a wide variety of products including assay kits, antibodies, recombinant proteins & enzymes, and other innovative research tools for studying Apoptosis, Metabolism, Cell Proliferation, Cellular Stress, Cell Damage and Repair, Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome, Stem Cell Biology, Gene Regulation, Signal Transduction, etc. BioVisions products are currently being sold in more than 60 countries worldwide.
Results Even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids were differentially associated with adipokines. Higher levels of even-chain ... Objective We examined the associations of saturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids with circulating levels of adipokines ... Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between saturated fatty acids and adipokines, with ... Conclusions The results suggest that even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids are differentially associated with adipokine ...
Serum Levels of the Adipokine FGF21 Depend on Renal Function. Sebastian Stein, Anette Bachmann, Ulrike Lössner, Jürgen Kratzsch ... Serum Levels of the Adipokine FGF21 Depend on Renal Function. Sebastian Stein, Anette Bachmann, Ulrike Lössner, Jürgen Kratzsch ... Serum Levels of the Adipokine FGF21 Depend on Renal Function Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... Seeger J, Ziegelmeier M, Bachmann A, Lossner U, Kratzsch J, Bluher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M: Serum levels of the adipokine ...
Clinical Study for the Analysis of Adipokine Concentration in Serum and Adipokine Expression in Subcutaneous and Visceral ... Identification and Validation of Novel Adipokines Released from Primary Human Adipocytes. Stefan Lehr, Sonja Hartwig, Daniela ... Identification and Validation of Novel Adipokines Released from Primary Human Adipocytes. Stefan Lehr, Sonja Hartwig, Daniela ... Although CFH and CRYAB were recently described as novel adipokines (15⇓-17), these proteins have not been validated so far. ...
Adipokines and viral factors contribute to liver injury independently. ... Interaction of adipokines and hepatitis B virus on histological liver injury in the Chinese Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan;105(1 ... HOMA-IR, but not adipokine dysregulation, was independently associated with cirrhosis (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02-1.15, P=0.006). ... Our objective was to test whether dysregulation of adipokines contributes to liver injury. We also studied whether viral ...
WISP1 Is a Novel Adipokine Linked to Inflammation in Obesity. Veronica Murahovschi, Olga Pivovarova, Iryna Ilkavets, Renata M. ... WISP1 Is a Novel Adipokine Linked to Inflammation in Obesity. Veronica Murahovschi, Olga Pivovarova, Iryna Ilkavets, Renata M. ... WISP1 Is a Novel Adipokine Linked to Inflammation in Obesity Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... We show that 1) WISP1 is a novel adipokine released from differentiated human adipocytes; 2) WISP1 expression is substantially ...
Visfatin: an adipokine activator of rat hepatic stellate cells.. [Ning-Lin Liang, Ruoting Men, Yongjun Zhu, Cong Yuan, Yan Wei ...
The discovery of adipokines has made a major contribution to our understanding of the complex relationship between diabesity ... The aim of this lecture is to summarize the role of adipokines in bone and cartilage function, as well as in inflammatory and ... Adipokines including leptin adiponectin, visfatin and lipocalin 2 have been demonstrated to exhibit a wide spectrum of ... collectively known as adipokines) promote further inflammation and degradation of cartilage, also influencing the whole joint ...
... and of the endogenous circadian pacemaker on observed day/night patterns of adipokines, in six healthy subjects we measured ...
Buy the Paperback Book Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease by A.P. Goldberg at Indigo.ca, Canadas largest ... Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease. Foreword byA.P. Goldberg, S.K. FriedEditorGiamila Fantuzzi. Paperback , ... Title:Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and DiseaseFormat:PaperbackDimensions:422 pagesPublished:October 17, 2011 ... Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease presents a comprehensive survey of adipose tissue, its physiological ...
We examined the relationship between breastfeeding duration and maternal adipokines at 3 years postpartum. Research Design and ... Duration of lactation and maternal adipokines at 3 years postpartum. Diabetes 60(4): 1277-1285. ...
ResistinRole of adipokinesAdipocytesVisfatinMetabolic syndromeAdipocytokinesProteinsAnti-inflammatoryReleased from adipose tissueKnown as adipokinesAdiponectin and leptinSecretion of adipokinesCytokines secretedIntroduced as a novel adipokineSeveral adipokinesChanges in adipokine levelsLipidBiomarkersAdipose Tissue and AdipokinesDiabetesTissuesSeverityCirculating adipokine levelsAdipocyteMethods2017ProinflammatoryRegulation of adipokinesAssociations of adipokinesAssociation between adipokinesModulateEndocrineMediate the AssociationMediatorsAtherosclerosisSerum adipokineAnother adipokineInflammatory adipokinesObesity-relatedInflammation and insulin resistanceHormonesDifferentially
- Adipose tissue produces and releases a variety of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, including the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin, as well as cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-alpha, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and others. (nih.gov)
- Several adipokines promote insulin sensitivity, including leptin ( 2 ), adiponectin ( 4 ), and visfatin ( 5 ), while others induce insulin resistance, such as resistin ( 6 ) and retinol binding protein (RBP)4 ( 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- In parallel, we measured adipose products or adipokines, namely leptin, adiponectin and its high molecular weight (HMW) isoform, resistin, and ghrelin, a gastric peptide that plays a role in energetic balance. (frontiersin.org)
- Since metabolic homeostasis is under control of genetic factors underlying expression of adipokines, we aimed to compare the serum concentrations of adiponectin and resistin, and polymorphism in their genes, in overweight or obese Polish women. (nel.edu)
- however, a significant role for adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin and visfatin in regulating immune responses and inflammation has recently been discovered. (bmj.com)
- Given the possible association between VPA, CEBPα and adipokine gene regulation, we hypothesized that they would alter the expression of resistin (rstn) , fasting-induced adipose factor (fiaf) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (socs-3) , genes implicated in the development of leptin and insulin resistance. (karger.com)
- We studied the associations of obesity, lipids, other features of the metabolic syndrome and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin) with upper extremity pain in a clinical population with incipient upper extremity soft tissue disorders (UESTDs). (bmj.com)
- Conclusions Adipokines resistin, leptin, plasminogen activator-1 and retinol binding protein 4 disturb insulin receptor substrate 1 activity and expression in megakaryocytes. (haematologica.org)
- Beyond mechanical loading, adipokines, including leptin, visfatin, adiponectin, resistin and others, are demonstrated to have metabolic implications in the pathogenesis and progression in obesity-induced osteoarthritis by modulating the pro/anti-inflammatory and anabolic/catabolic balance, apoptosis, matrix remodeling and subchondral bone ossification. (readbyqxmd.com)
- Adiponectin and leptin adipokines have been demonstrated to improve insulin sensitivity, while other adipokines such as resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been evidenced to induce insulin resistance. (sapub.org)
- Adipokines include tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF\(\alpha\)), adiponectin, resistin, leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), all of which have been shown to prime/affect neutrophils for a secondary stimulus. (bham.ac.uk)
- The globally secreted cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNFα) and interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) , as well as adipose - specific adipokines resistin, leptin and adiponectin have been previously shown to prime/affect neutrophils which are the primary cells involved in immunity to periodontal bacteria at sufficiently high concentrations. (bham.ac.uk)
- Adipokines such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, visfatin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) are secreted from adipose tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
- The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of plasma Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin (major adipokines) among women between the ages of 20 to 80 years in James Town, Accra. (edu.gh)
- There was no change in mRNA expression of other adipokine such as TNF-α, PAI-1 and resistin (data not shown). (nih.gov)
- Collectively, our profiling study of the human adipokinome expands the list of adipokines and further highlights the pivotal role of adipokines in the regulation of multiple biological processes within adipose tissue and their potential dysregulation in obesity. (mcponline.org)
- The aim of this lecture is to summarize the role of adipokines in bone and cartilage function, as well as in inflammatory and degenerative joint disease. (bmj.com)
- Jose M. Carrascosa, Antonio Andres, Manuel Ros, Elena Bogonez, Carmen Arribas, Teresa Fernandez-Agullo, Alain J. De Solis, Nilda Gallardo and Carmen Martinez, " Development of Insulin Resistance During Aging: Involvement of Central Processes and Role of Adipokines", Current Protein & Peptide Science (2011) 12: 305. (eurekaselect.com)
- This review article briefly addresses the role of adipokines in hepatitis and liver fibrosis. (uni-regensburg.de)
- Role of Adipokines in Controlling Insulin Signaling Pathways in Type-2 Diabetes and Obesity. (sapub.org)
- In this mini review, we will highlight the findings on the role of adipokines in insulin sensitivity/resistance in an effort to better understand the mechanism of type-2 DM. (sapub.org)
- Tasneem Bouzid , Frederick G. Hamel , Jung Yul Lim , Role of Adipokines in Controlling Insulin Signaling Pathways in Type-2 Diabetes and Obesity. (sapub.org)
- However, the role of adipokines in coronary artery complications in Kawasaki disease (KD) has not yet been fully explained. (nih.gov)
- Obesity is a proinflammatory state associated with increased systemic cytokine levels such as tumor necrosis factor α , interleukin-1 β , and interleukin-6 and other classical mediators produced by adipocytes termed adipokines [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
- One such adipokine is leptin, a 16 kD protein synthesized by adipocytes and involved in the regulation of food intake and energy balance [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Brown adipokines are regulatory factors secreted by brown and beige adipocytes that exhibit endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine actions. (springer.com)
- Furthermore, we validated the regulation and release of selected adipokines in primary human adipocytes and in serum and adipose tissue biopsies from morbidly obese patients and normal-weight controls. (mcponline.org)
- Romacho T, Glosse P, Richter I, Elsen M, Schoemaker MH, Van Tol EA, Eckel J. Nutritional Ingredients Modulate Adipokine Secretion and Inflammation in Human Primary Adipocytes. (mdpi.com)
- Here we show that fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4/aP2) is an adipokine released from adipocytes under obesogenic conditions, such as hypoxia, to augment insulin secretion. (garvan.org.au)
- In particular, the secretion of proinflammatory adipokines is significantly elevated in very large adipocytes compared with small or medium-sized adipocytes, even after correcting for cell volume and surface. (blogspot.com)
- In conclusion, the results of this study clearly indicate that adipocytes per se are an important production site for many adipokines, although the relative contribution to the overall secretion from adipose tissue remains to be elucidated. (blogspot.com)
- It has been shown that adipocytes are secretory cells that produce a number of proteins with hormonal type functions, collectively referred to as adipokines. (unizg.hr)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the substitution at position 70 in HCV core protein on adipokine production by murine and human adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- The influence of treatment with HCV core protein (70R or 70Q) on adipokine production by both 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes were examined with real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and triglyceride content was also analyzed. (nih.gov)
- Since it has been reported that adipocytes secrete adipokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, and leptin, we examined mRNA expressions of these adipokines in 3T3-L1 cells treated with 2 pmol/l of GST, 70R, and 70Q protein by qRT-PCR. (nih.gov)
- Visfatin: an adipokine activator of rat hepatic stellate cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Adipokines including leptin adiponectin, visfatin and lipocalin 2 have been demonstrated to exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activity including the activation of pro-inflammatory and catabolic pathways mediated by elevated levels of NO, ROS, MMPs and PGE2. (bmj.com)
- Of four adipokines studied, only visfatin was associated with upper extremity pain (adjusted OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.1 for 1SD increase in level). (bmj.com)
- Of four adipokines studied only one (visfatin) was associated with pain intensity. (bmj.com)
- Subjects with abdominal obesity, low level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high level of triglycerides or high level of the adipokine visfatin reported higher upper extremity pain intensity than those with normal waist circumference, higher level of HDL cholesterol, normal level of triglycerides, or low level of visfatin. (bmj.com)
- Adipokines: therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome. (nih.gov)
- According to study published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, the researchers, including Rashmi Supriya from the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, one year of yoga training decreased pro-inflammatory adipokines -signalling proteins released by fat tissue-and increased an anti-inflammatory adipokine in adults with metabolic syndrome and high-normal blood pressure. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Prospective Relation of Circulating Adipokines to Incident Metabolic Syndrome: The Framingham Heart Study. (umassmed.edu)
- Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the temporal responses of adipokines to repeated exercise bouts in successive days in obese males with metabolic syndrome and their relationship with markers of insulin resistance. (auburn.edu)
- Usefulness of metabolic syndrome score in the predictionof angiographic coronary artery disease severity according tothe presence of diabetes mellitus: relation with inflammatorymarkers and adipokines, Cardiovasc. (edu.pl)
- Omentin 1 is a novel adipokine related to lipid metabolism and is a biomarker for metabolic syndrome. (aviscerabioscience.net)
- However, few studies have investigated circulating adipokines and IR in subjects with combined metabolic syndrome X (MetX) and CSX. (biomedcentral.com)
- Two decades of research have now shown that ATs act as an endocrine organ, secreting soluble factors termed adipocytokines or adipokines. (portlandpress.com)
- Along with its capacity to store energy, the white adipose tissue is a source of cytokines, called "adipocytokines" or "adipokines", acting by paracrine, autocrine and systemic pathways. (eurekaselect.com)
- The adipokines or adipocytokines are a group of cytokines secreted by adipose (or fat) tissue that act on the immune system. (healinggourmet.com)
- 4 Inflammation is caused by several hormones like proteins called adipokines , released from adipose tissues, which now, considered as main endocrine tissue of the body. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The recent focus on adipose tissue as an endocrine organ secreting signaling proteins, collectively termed adipokines, has prompted current interests in associations of adipokines with insulin resistance and diabetes ( 1 - 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Perinatal Whole Blood Zinc Status and Cytokines, Adipokines, and Other Immune Response Proteins. (harvard.edu)
- Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ, releasing signaling and mediator proteins, termed adipokines, via which adipose tissue communicates with other organs. (mcponline.org)
- Fourty-four proteins were identified as novel adipokines. (mcponline.org)
- Adipokines are proteins released from adipose tissue and modulate hepatic fibrogenesis. (uni-regensburg.de)
- Here, studies having analyzed these proteins in systemic blood in cirrhotic patients are listed to identify adipokines that are comparably changed in the different cohorts of patients with liver cirrhosis. (uni-regensburg.de)
- Although the mechanisms are unclear, increased fat cell secretion of specific proteins (adipokines) may promote/facilitate development of malignant tumors in obesity via cross-talk between adipose tissue(s) and the tissues prone to develop cancer among obese. (rice.edu)
- Adipocyte hypertrophy appears to cause a differentially impaired secretion between pro- and antiinflammatory adipokines shifting the immunological balance toward the expression of proinflammatory proteins. (blogspot.com)
- Proteins expressed from adipose tissue, known as adipokines, are hypothesized to have important effects on the progression and incidence of cardiovascular disease complications. (ahajournals.org)
- In addition to managing the most important energy reserve of the body, it secretes a multitude of soluble proteins called adipokines, which have beneficial or, alternatively, deleterious effects on the homeostasis of the whole body. (nature.com)
- Adipose tissue secretes various pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines to modulate inflammation and insulin resistance. (springer.com)
- Collectively, these findings have suggested that obesity-induced insulin resistance may result, at least in part, from an imbalance in the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines at adipose tissues. (springer.com)
- Adipokines are hormones that display both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. (hindawi.com)
- Numerous studies showed that women developing GDM during their pregnancy presented with a significant decrease in the circulating rates of adiponectin, (that is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties) and a significant increase in the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines implied in the physiopathology of insulin resistance. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Prospectively, adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and insulin-sensitizing adipokine ( 2 , 3 ), has been inversely associated with the development of type 2 diabetes ( 4 - 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The adipokine adiponectin (acrp30, adipoQ, apM1 gene product) seems to exert a potent anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effect. (biomedcentral.com)
- Proinflammatory adipokines, released from adipose tissue, may promote an asthma phenotype through enhanced cys-LT production that may result in more prevalent and difficult to control airway disease. (hindawi.com)
- In addition to a growing body of evidence demonstrating that obesity has a direct mechanical effect joint cartilage, recent research shows that pro-inflammatory factors produced by WAT (collectively known as adipokines) promote further inflammation and degradation of cartilage, also influencing the whole joint environment (i.e. synovium, muscle, bone and immune cells). (bmj.com)
- Adipose cells produce several types of cytokines, known as adipokines, which influence a variety of endocrine signaling pathways. (sapub.org)
- Although adipose tissue was thought to serve mainly to store energy in the form of triacylglycerides, numerous studies spanning the last 20 years have provided evidence that adipose also behaves as an endocrine organ by secreting bioactive cytokines known as adipokines. (sapub.org)
- White, brown, and beige adipose tissue generate and secrete adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, which facilitate adipose tissue-liver crosstalk and insulin sensitivity 1 . (alpco.com)
- Adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin have been associated with measures of left ventricular structure and function, and also with ACHF. (ovid.com)
- The best studied adipokines are adiponectin and leptin. (uni-regensburg.de)
- Further studies of the association between obesity, adipokines and colorectal neoplasia-and how these associations may vary by race, sex and obesity are needed to further elucidate whether or not adiponectin and leptin serve as mediators in the association between obesity and adenomatous colon polyps. (buffalo.edu)
- If it is well known that adipokines contribute to the inflammatory profile and appetite regulation, this review is novel in synthesising the current state of knowledge of the role of visceral adipose tissue and its secretion of adipokines in cardiovascular risk. (edu.au)
- The low-grade chronic inflammation and greater adipose deposition accompanied by obesity may lead to dysregulation in the production and secretion of adipokines, thus introducing metabolic complications. (sapub.org)
- There were strong linear correlations for the secretion of adipokines over time. (blogspot.com)
- The favourable effects of these micronutrients on insulin sensitivity could be partially mediated by adipokines and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted at the level of the adipose tissue. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Adipokines are cytokines secreted mainly by adipose tissue and may have systemic effects. (wordpress.com)
- Recently, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) was introduced as a novel adipokine with potent antidiabetic properties ( 1 - 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 was recently introduced as a novel adipokine improving glucose metabolism in vitro and in vivo. (biomedsearch.com)
- The pancreatic β cell, a key regulator of glucose metabolism due to its ability to produce and secrete insulin, has been identified as a target for several adipokines. (portlandpress.com)
- Specifically, several adipokines have been proposed to play a vital role in regulating insulin signaling pathways within various tissues in the body and may thus provide a molecular link between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM). (sapub.org)
- The results of our study clearly indicate that adipocyte size is an important determinant for the secretion of several adipokines. (blogspot.com)
- Changes in Adipokine Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorders. (wordpress.com)
- Changes in adipokine levels before intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion, at 48 hr after IVIG infusion and in the convalescent phase in Kawasaki disease patients. (nih.gov)
- These adipokines play pivotal roles in energy homeostasis by affecting insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolisms, food intake, the coagulation system and inflammation. (nih.gov)
- The association between brown fat activity and a healthy metabolic profile, in relation to energy balance and glucose and lipid homeostasis, is influenced by the endocrine actions of brown adipokines. (springer.com)
- Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), an intracellular lipid chaperone and adipokine, is expressed by lung macrophages, but the function of macrophage-FABP4 remains elusive. (readbyqxmd.com)
- We also assessed other parameters related to insulin resistance and adipokines (HbA1c, anthropometric and lipid parameters), as they may also influence atherosclerosis. (edu.pl)
- Proinflammatory adipokines (tumor neurosis factor-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasminogen activatable inhibitor-1, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein) and cardiovascular, carbohydrate, and lipid profiles were assessed according to standard techniques. (elsevier.com)
- Moreover, identification of brown adipokines as circulating biomarkers of brown adipose tissue activity may be particularly useful for noninvasive assessment of brown adipose tissue alterations in human pathologies. (springer.com)
- Adipokines as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with acute knee injury. (ox.ac.uk)
- This review considers adipokines as predictive biomarkers for early onset post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). (ox.ac.uk)
- The role of adipose tissue and adipokines in obesity-related inflammatory diseases. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease presents a comprehensive survey of adipose tissue, its physiological functions, and its role in disease. (indigo.ca)
- Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease provides a broad and substantial foundation for understanding new developments in adipose tissue biology and successfully integrating them into new research endeavors. (indigo.ca)
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- Although underlying mechanisms have not been completely explained, adipokines have been linked with obesity-induced inflammation and signaling pathways that contribute to type 2 diabetes ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- This review will focus on how adipokines affect pancreatic β cell function and their impact on pancreatic β cell survival in disease contexts such as diabetes. (portlandpress.com)
- Association of Parental Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus With Circulating Adipokines in Nonobese Nondiabetic Offspring. (umassmed.edu)
- Abnormalities induced by adipokines were compared with abnormalities found in platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes. (haematologica.org)
- The adipokines such as adiponectin warrant further investigation regarding its role in the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy and its clinical subtypes and concomitant diseases such as diabetes. (arvojournals.org)
- Recent evidence shows that adipokines, and more generally mediators or indicators of inflammation (2), play roles in the development of insulin resistance (3), diabetes (4) and many other concomittant health problems associated with obesity, including hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis (5). (being-bioreactive.com)
- Recent data indicate that these adipokines create a complex, interconnected network mediating the cross talk between these tissues ( 7 , 8 ). (mcponline.org)
- Adipokines have been implicated in mediating insulin signaling pathways in various tissues within the body . (sapub.org)
- 1 2 Several reports 3 , - , 6 have already demonstrated association of these adipokines with the severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (bmj.com)
- These and other adipokines are supposed to modulate disease severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. (uni-regensburg.de)
- This study aims to evaluate the prognostic usefulness of adipokines in prediction of the severity and outcome of acute pancreatitis (AP). (biomedcentral.com)
- Another aim was to correlate the levels of these adipokines and the severity of autistic symptoms as measured by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). (wordpress.com)
- Although some foods and nutrients have been linked to circulating adipokine levels, little is known about the role of dietary patterns on adipokines. (biomedcentral.com)
- It would thus be interesting to determine whether distinctive dietary patterns for Japanese influence circulating adipokine levels, but to our knowledge only one study has examined the relationship between dietary pattern and blood adiponectin level among Japanese [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- To get a better insight into possible underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effect of adipocyte size on adipokine production and secretion. (blogspot.com)
- The results clearly suggest that adipocyte size is an important determinant of adipokine secretion. (blogspot.com)
- Beside its mitogenic effects, insulin may influence adipokine production from adipocyte stromal cells and paracrine enhancement of breast cancer cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
- Adipocyte-secreted factors enhance breast cancer cell proliferation, while AMPK and metformin improve the LPS-induced adipokine imbalance. (biomedcentral.com)
- Beside its stimulating effects on breast cancer cell proliferation [ 11 ], insulin may influence adipokine production from adipose tissue and adipocyte stromal cells and may indirectly reinforce cancer cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
- Design and Methods Platelets, the megakaryocytic cell line CHRF-288-11 and primary megakaryocytes were incubated with adipokines and with plasma from individuals with a disturbed adipokine profile. (haematologica.org)
- The roles of adiponectin, a PPAR-γ regulated pleiotropic adipokine, in regulating the response of fibroblasts and in mediating the effects of PPAR-γ are unknown.Methods: Regulation of fibrotic gene expression and TGF-ß signaling by adiponectin and adenosine monophosphate protein-activated (AMP) kinase agonists were examined in normal fibroblasts in monolayer cultures and in three-dimensional skin equivalents. (northwestern.edu)
- Chen Z, Wang GX, Ma SL, Jung DY, Ha H, Altamimi T et al (2017) Nrg4 promotes fuel oxidation and a healthy adipokine profile to ameliorate diet-induced metabolic disorders. (springer.com)
- 2017. https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/761731/all/adipocytokine__adipokine. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Objective: Level of injury (LOI) and the role of adipose tissue and its proinflammatory adipokines in cardiometabolic dysfunction following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains poorly understood. (elsevier.com)
- We aim to examine the influence of LOI on adipose tissue and its relationship to proinflammatory adipokines and cardiometabolic profiles following SCI. (elsevier.com)
- Conclusion: The results show that LOI does not influence the distribution of adipose tissue, but does influence proinflammatory adipokines and cardiometabolic profiles following SCI. (elsevier.com)
- These results suggest that abnormal regulation of adipokines is a consequence of being born to mothers with T1D. (sdu.dk)
- Multivariable adjusted logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios for associations of adipokines and BNP. (ovid.com)
- Multivariable adjusted linear models were used to determine the association between adipokines and BNP. (ovid.com)
- Further research is needed to further understand the association between adipokines, synovitis and long-term outcomes in this population. (ox.ac.uk)
- Association between adipokines and coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki Disease. (nih.gov)
- Most adipokines regulate AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to modulate insulin action [12, (thefreedictionary.com)
- Research over the past several decades examining adipokines and adipose tissue-liver crosstalk in energy metabolism has revealed that adipose tissue is a very important metabolically active endocrine organ 1 . (alpco.com)
- Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ, secreting cytokines (adipokines) that are reported to be associated with dysregulated/inflammatory immune responses to bacterial challenge. (bham.ac.uk)
- Adipose tissue, once overlooked as simply inert, fat storing cells of the body, has been shown to function in a similar way to endocrine organs through the secretion of cytokines (adipokines) can contribute towards dysregulated immune responses to bacterial infection. (bham.ac.uk)
- Understanding the role of endocrine signaling by white adipose tissue, as mediated by adipokines, is critical to understanding and treating the myriad of diseases resulting from obesity. (being-bioreactive.com)
- Do adipokines mediate the association between obesity and adenomatous colon polyps? (buffalo.edu)
- We wanted to examine the hypothesis that cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LT), inflammatory mediators that are regulated by adipokines, are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. (hindawi.com)
- Adipokines are bioactive mediators that communicate between adipose tissue and other biological systems. (edu.gh)
- Background There is growing evidence that early development of obesity influences cardiovascular risk later in life, but less is known about whether there are persistent effects of long-term excess body weight on biological markers associated with atherosclerosis, including adipokines, inflammatory and endothelial markers. (bmj.com)
- We analyzed the associations between insulin resistance, adipokines and incipient atherosclerosis estimated by intima-media thickness (IMT) in a cross-sectional study on 122 prediabetic subjects without clinical signs of atherosclerotic disease. (edu.pl)
- Adipokines have roles in modifying appetite, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis and are the subjects of obesity research. (healinggourmet.com)
- Adipokines are associated with increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. (elsevier.com)
- We investigated whether serum adipokine level can be a useful marker for patients with KD who are at higher risk of developing coronary artery lesion (CAL). (nih.gov)
- In contrast, adiponectin, another adipokine is protective against breast cancer cell proliferation and insulin resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
- Accumulating evidence shows another potential source of inflammatory adipokines in the joint is the Hoffa infrapatellar fat pad. (bmj.com)
- Possibly, AMPK activation may provide a new way not only to improve the obesity-related adipokine profile and insulin resistance, but also to prevent obesity-related breast cancer development and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
- Thus, we will describe the recent progress regarding the physiological and molecular function of adipokines in the obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. (springer.com)
- Cytokines and hormones exclusively produced by adipose tissue are referred to as adipokines. (alpco.com)
- The results suggest that even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids are differentially associated with adipokine profile. (plos.org)