AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
AdipogenesisAdipocytesPPAR gammaCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alphaCell DifferentiationCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-betaAdipose TissueAdipose Tissue, WhiteAdipocytes, WhiteAzo CompoundsAdipocytes, Brown3T3 CellsMesenchymal Stromal CellsReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearThiazolidinedionesGene Expression RegulationObesityOsteogenesisTranscription FactorsCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding ProteinsAnti-Obesity AgentsFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsLipid MetabolismCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-deltaSubcutaneous FatGene Knockdown TechniquesCells, CulturedMice, ObeseRNA, Small InterferingMice, Inbred C57BLSignal TransductionInsulinRNA, MessengerReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionEndrinFibroblastsLipodystrophy1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineWnt ProteinsDexamethasoneOsteoblastsAdiposityGraves OphthalmopathyMice, KnockoutStem CellsLipogenesisAdipose Tissue, BrownRNA InterferenceCell LineStromal CellsOrbitNuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1Down-Regulationbeta CateninChromatin ImmunoprecipitationIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsNIH 3T3 CellsTrialkyltin CompoundsBlotting, Western
Adipogenesis: The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES.Adipocytes: Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.PPAR gamma: A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR ALPHA is important in regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism and CELL GROWTH PROCESSES. It is a target of THIAZOLIDINEDIONES for control of DIABETES MELLITUS.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha: A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER; ADIPOSE TISSUE; INTESTINES; LUNG; ADRENAL GLANDS; PLACENTA; OVARY and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (LEUKOCYTES, MONONUCLEAR). Experiments with knock-out mice have demonstrated that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-alpha is essential for the functioning and differentiation of HEPATOCYTES and ADIPOCYTES.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta: A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER; INTESTINES; LUNG and ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is an important mediator of INTERLEUKIN-6 signaling.Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Adipose Tissue, White: Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the BROWN FAT. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy.Adipocytes, White: Fat cells with light coloration and few MITOCHONDRIA. They contain a scant ring of CYTOPLASM surrounding a single large lipid droplet or vacuole.Azo CompoundsAdipocytes, Brown: Fat cells with dark coloration due to the densely packed MITOCHONDRIA. They contain numerous small lipid droplets or vacuoles. Their stored lipids can be converted directly to energy as heat by the mitochondria.3T3 Cells: Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear: Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.Thiazolidinediones: THIAZOLES with two keto oxygens. Members are insulin-sensitizing agents which overcome INSULIN RESISTANCE by activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma).Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Osteogenesis: The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins: A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.Anti-Obesity Agents: Agents that increase energy expenditure and weight loss by neural and chemical regulation. Beta-adrenergic agents and serotoninergic drugs have been experimentally used in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to treat obesity.Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins: Intracellular proteins that reversibly bind hydrophobic ligands including: saturated and unsaturated FATTY ACIDS; EICOSANOIDS; and RETINOIDS. They are considered a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed family of proteins that may play a role in the metabolism of LIPIDS.Lipid Metabolism: Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta: A member of the C-EBP protein family of transcription factors. It plays a key role in G0 PHASE mammary EPITHELIAL CELL growth arrest, and it is involved in transcriptional regulation of INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; and TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA.Subcutaneous Fat: Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body.Gene Knockdown Techniques: The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Mice, Obese: Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Mice, Inbred C57BLSignal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Lipodystrophy: A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASESWnt Proteins: Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.Dexamethasone: An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.Adiposity: The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.Graves Ophthalmopathy: An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.Lipogenesis: De novo fat synthesis in the body. This includes the synthetic processes of FATTY ACIDS and subsequent TRIGLYCERIDES in the LIVER and the ADIPOSE TISSUE. Lipogenesis is regulated by numerous factors, including nutritional, hormonal, and genetic elements.Adipose Tissue, Brown: A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Stromal Cells: Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1: A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that negatively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and plays a role as a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. The Nr1d1 nuclear receptor expression is cyclically-regulated by a feedback loop involving its positive regulation by CLOCK PROTEIN; BMAL1 PROTEIN heterodimers and its negative regulation by CRYPTOCHROME and PERIOD PROTEINS.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.beta Catenin: A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins: Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.NIH 3T3 Cells: A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)Trialkyltin Compounds: Organometallic compounds which contain tin and three alkyl groups.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Induction of chondro-, osteo- and adipogenesis in embryonic stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein-2: effect of cofactors on differentiating lineages. (1/1177)

BACKGROUND: Recently, tissue engineering has merged with stem cell technology with interest to develop new sources of transplantable material for injury or disease treatment. Eminently interesting, are bone and joint injuries/disorders because of the low self-regenerating capacity of the matrix secreting cells, particularly chondrocytes. ES cells have the unlimited capacity to self-renew and maintain their pluripotency in culture. Upon induction of various signals they will then differentiate into distinctive cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes and osteoblasts. RESULTS: We present here that BMP-2 can drive ES cells to the cartilage, osteoblast or adipogenic fate depending on supplementary co-factors. TGFbeta1, insulin and ascorbic acid were identified as signals that together with BMP-2 induce a chondrocytic phenotype that is characterized by increased expression of cartilage marker genes in a timely co-ordinated fashion. Expression of collagen type IIB and aggrecan, indicative of a fully mature state, continuously ascend until reaching a peak at day 32 of culture to approximately 80-fold over control values. Sox9 and scleraxis, cartilage specific transcription factors, are highly expressed at very early stages and show decreased expression over the time course of EB differentiation. Some smaller proteoglycans, such as decorin and biglycan, are expressed at earlier stages. Overall, proteoglycan biosynthesis is up-regulated 7-fold in response to the supplements added. BMP-2 induced chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy and begin to alter their expression profile towards osteoblasts. Supplying mineralization factors such as beta-glycerophosphate and vitamin D3 with the culture medium can facilitate this process. Moreover, gene expression studies show that adipocytes can also differentiate from BMP-2 treated ES cells. CONCLUSIONS: Ultimately, we have found that ES cells can be successfully triggered to differentiate into chondrocyte-like cells, which can further alter their fate to become hypertrophic, and adipocytes. Compared with previous reports using a brief BMP-2 supplementation early in differentiation, prolonged exposure increased chondrogenic output, while supplementation with insulin and ascorbic acid prevented dedifferentiation. These results provide a foundation for the use of ES cells as a potential therapy in joint injury and disease.  (+info)

Role of Gas-6 in adipogenesis and nutritionally induced adipose tissue development in mice. (2/1177)

OBJECTIVE: A potential role of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas-6) in energy storage in adipose tissue was investigated in murine models of obesity. Gas-6 is a ligand for the Axl, C-Mer, and Sky family of tyrosine kinase receptors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Whereas Gas-6, C-Mer, and Sky were expressed in mature murine adipocytes, the expression of Axl was restricted to the stromal-vascular fraction, which includes pre-adipocytes. During the in vitro conversion of adipogenic 3T3-F442A cells into mature adipocytes, the expression of Gas-6 increased in undifferentiated confluent pre-adipocytes during a transient phase of growth arrest. On treatment of these cells with an adipogenic medium, Gas-6 expression decreased sharply, coinciding with expression of early adipocytes markers. This modulation was not observed in the nonadipogenic 3T3-C2 cells. The Gas-6 mRNA level was transiently downregulated during nutritionally induced expansion of adipose tissues in vivo. When kept on a standard diet, no significant difference in either total body weight or weight of gonadal or subcutaneous fat pads was observed between Gas-6 deficient and wild-type mice. On exposure to a high-fat diet, however, Gas-6-deficient mice had significantly less fat mass than their wild-type counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Gas-6 enhances the accumulation of adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice.  (+info)

Mesenchymal stem cells from the outer ear: a novel adult stem cell model system for the study of adipogenesis. (3/1177)

Adipocytes arise from multipotent stem cells of mesodermal origin, which also give rise to the muscle, bone, and cartilage lineages. However, signals and early molecular events that commit multipotent stem cells into the adipocyte lineage are not well established mainly due to lack of an adequate model system. We have identified a novel source of adult stem cells from the external murine ears referred to here as an ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSC). EMSC have been isolated from several standard and mutant strains of mice. They are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent, since they give rise to osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. The in vitro characterization of EMSC indicates very facile adipogenic differentiation. Morphological, histochemical, and molecular analysis after the induction of differentiation showed that EMSC maintain adipogenic potentials up to fifth passage. A comparison of EMSC to the stromal-vascular (S-V) fraction of fat depots, under identical culture conditions (isobutyl-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin), revealed much more robust and consistent adipogenesis in EMSC than in the S-V fraction. In summary, we show that EMSC can provide a novel, easily obtainable, primary culture model for the study of adipogenesis.  (+info)

Generation of a vascularized organoid using skeletal muscle as the inductive source. (4/1177)

The technology required for creating an in vivo microenvironment and a neovasculature that can grow with and service new tissue is lacking, precluding the possibility of engineering complex three-dimensional organs. We have shown that when an arterio-venous (AV) loop is constructed in vivo in the rat groin, and placed inside a semisealed chamber, an extensive functional vasculature is generated. To test whether this unusually angiogenic environment supports the survival and growth of implanted tissue or cells, we inserted various preparations of rat and human skeletal muscle. We show that after 6 weeks incubation of muscle tissue, the chamber filled with predominantly well-vascularized recipient-derived adipose tissue, but some new donor-derived skeletal muscle and connective tissue were also evident. When primary cultured myoblasts were inserted into the chamber with the AV loop, they converted to mature striated muscle fibers. Furthermore, we identify novel adipogenesis-inducing properties of skeletal muscle. This represents the first report of a specific three-dimensional tissue grown on its own vascular supply.  (+info)

The transcription factor GATA2 regulates differentiation of brown adipocytes. (5/1177)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized mammalian tissue and a site of adaptive thermogenesis. Although the metabolic functions of brown and white adipocytes are distinct, terminal differentiation of both adipocyte lineages is regulated by well-characterized common transcription factors. However, the early stages of adipocyte differentiation and regulation of precursor cells are not well understood. We report here that GATA2 is expressed in brown adipocyte precursors, and its expression is downregulated in a differentiation-dependent manner. Constitutive expression of GATA2 suppressed expression of BAT-specific genes in brown adipocytes, whereas disruption of a GATA2 allele in brown preadipocytes resulted in significantly elevated differentiation and expression of several markers of brown adipogenesis. Collectively, these results show that GATA2 functions to suppress brown adipocyte differentiation, whereas reduction of GATA2 promotes brown adipogenesis.  (+info)

The G0/G1 switch gene 2 is a novel PPAR target gene. (6/1177)

PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors) alpha, beta/delta and gamma are a group of transcription factors that are involved in numerous processes, including lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. By comparing liver mRNAs of wild-type and PPARalpha-null mice using microarrays, a novel putative target gene of PPARalpha, G0S2 (G0/G1 switch gene 2), was identified. Hepatic expression of G0S2 was up-regulated by fasting and by the PPARalpha agonist Wy14643 in a PPARalpha-dependent manner. Surprisingly, the G0S2 mRNA level was highest in brown and white adipose tissue and was greatly up-regulated during mouse 3T3-L1 and human SGBS (Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome) adipogenesis. Transactivation, gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that G0S2 is a direct PPARgamma and probable PPARalpha target gene with a functional PPRE (PPAR-responsive element) in its promoter. Up-regulation of G0S2 mRNA seemed to be specific for adipogenesis, and was not observed during osteogenesis or myogenesis. In 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, expression of G0S2 was associated with growth arrest, which is required for 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Together, these data indicate that G0S2 is a novel target gene of PPARs that may be involved in adipocyte differentiation.  (+info)

Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1), a component of the molecular clock, regulates adipogenesis. (7/1177)

Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1; also known as MOP3 or Arnt3) is a transcription factor known to regulate circadian rhythm. Here, we established its involvement in the control of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism activity in mature adipocytes. During adipose differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, the level of BMAL1 mRNA began to increase 4 days after induction and was highly expressed in differentiated cells. In white adipose tissues isolated from C57BL/6J mice, BMAL1 was predominantly expressed in a fraction containing adipocytes, as compared with the stromal-vascular fraction. BMAL1 knockout mice embryonic fibroblast cells failed to be differentiated into adipocytes. Importantly, adding BMAL1 back by adenovirus gene transfer restored the ability of BMAL1 knockout mice embryonic fibroblast cells to differentiate. Knock-down of BMAL1 expression in 3T3-L1 cells by an RNA interference technique allowed the cells to accumulate only minimum amounts of lipid droplets in the cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of BMAL1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in induction of several factors involved in lipogenesis. The promoter activity of these genes was stimulated in a BMAL1-dependent manner. Interestingly, expression of these factors showed clear circadian rhythm in mice adipose tissue. Furthermore, overexpression of BMAL1 in adipocytes increased lipid synthesis activity. These results indicate that BMAL1, a master regulator of circadian rhythm, also plays important roles in the regulation of adipose differentiation and lipogenesis in mature adipocytes.  (+info)

Gene expression analysis suggests that EBF-1 and PPARgamma2 induce adipogenesis of NIH-3T3 cells with similar efficiency and kinetics. (8/1177)

Differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into lipid-accumulating adipocytes is a physiological process induced by transcription factors in combination with hormonal stimulation. We have used Affymetrix microarrays to compare the adipogenic differentiation pathways of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts induced to undergo in vitro differentiation by ectopic expression of early B cell factor (EBF)-1 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma2. These experiments revealed that commitment to the adipogenic pathway in the NIH-3T3 cells was not reflected in gene expression until 4 days after induction of differentiation. Furthermore, gene expression patterns at the earlier time points after stimulation indicated that EBF-1 and PPARgamma2 induced different sets of genes, while the similarities increased upon differentiation, and that several genes linked to adipocyte differentiation were also transiently induced in the vector-transduced cells. These data suggest that the initial activation of genes associated with adipocyte development is independent of commitment to the adipogenic pathway and that EBF-1 and PPARgamma2 induce adipocyte differentiation with comparable kinetics and efficiency.  (+info)

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell adipogenesis unravels new processes of adipocyte development ...Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell adipogenesis unravels new processes of adipocyte development ...
The current epidemic of obesity has caused a surge of interest in the study of adipose tissue formation. While major progress has been made in defining the molecular networks that control adipocyte terminal differentiation, the early steps of adipocyte development and the embryonic origin of this lineage remain largely unknown. Here we performed genome-wide analysis of gene expression during adipogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We then pursued comprehensive bioinformatic analyses, including de novo functional annotation and curation of the generated data within the context of biological pathways, to uncover novel biological functions associated with the early steps of adipocyte development. By combining in-depth gene regulation studies and in silico analysis of transcription factor binding site enrichment, we also provide insights into the transcriptional networks that might govern these early steps. This study supports several biological findings: firstly, adipocyte development in mouse
PLOS ONE: Zfp423 Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation of Bovine Stromal Vascular CellsPLOS ONE: Zfp423 Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation of Bovine Stromal Vascular Cells
Intramuscular fat or marbling is critical for the palatability of beef. In mice, very recent studies show that adipocytes and fibroblasts share a common pool of progenitor cells, with Zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) as a key initiator of adipogenic differentiation. To evaluate the role of Zfp423 in intramuscular adipogenesis and marbling in beef cattle, we sampled beef muscle for separation of stromal vascular cells. These cells were immortalized with pCI neo-hEST2 and individual clones were selected by G418. A total of 288 clones (3Ɨ96 well plates) were isolated and induced to adipogenesis. The presence of adipocytes was assessed by Oil-Red-O staining. Three clones with high and low adipogenic potential respectively were selected for further analyses. In addition, fibro/adipogenic progenitor cells were selected using a surface marker, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) Ī±. The expression of Zfp423 was much higher (307.4Ā±61.9%, P|0.05) in high adipogenic cells, while transforming growth
Dynamics of mRNA and polysomal abundance in early 3T3-L1 adipogenesis | BMC Genomics | Full TextDynamics of mRNA and polysomal abundance in early 3T3-L1 adipogenesis | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Adipogenesis is a complex process, in which immature pre-adipocytes change morphology, micro-anatomy and physiology to become mature adipocytes. These store and accumulate fat and release diverse hormones. Massive changes in protein content and protein composition of the transforming cell take place within a short time-frame. In a previous study we analyzed changes in the abundance of free and polysomal, i.e. ribosome bound, RNAs in the first hours of adipogenesis in the murine cell line 3T3-L1. Here we analyze changes of mRNA levels and their potential contribution to the changing protein pool by determination of mRNA levels and ribosome binding to mRNAs in 3T3-L1 cells stimulated for adipogenesis. We grouped mRNA species into categories with respect to up- or down-regulated transcription and translation and analyzed the groups regarding specific functionalities based on Gene Ontology (GO). A shift towards up-regulation of gene expression in early adipogenesis was detected. Genes up-regulated at the
Ursolic Acid Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through LKB1/AMPK PathwayUrsolic Acid Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through LKB1/AMPK Pathway
Background Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpenoid compound with multiple biological functions. This compound has recently been reported to possess an anti-obesity effect; however, the mechanisms are less understood. Objective As adipogenesis plays a critical role in obesity, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of UA on adipogenesis and mechanisms of action in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Methods and Results The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiate in the presence or absence of UA for 6 days. The cells were determined for proliferation, differentiation, fat accumulation as well as the protein expressions of molecular targets that regulate or are involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation. The results demonstrated that ursolic acid at concentrations ranging from 2.5 ĀµM to 10 ĀµM dose-dependently attenuated adipogenesis, accompanied by reduced protein expression of CCAAT element binding protein Ī² (C/EBPĪ²), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Ī³ (PPARĪ³), CCAAT
PSRC - Platelet-rich Plasma Promotes Fat Graft Survival via Stemness and Angiogenesis on Adipose-derived Stem CellsPSRC - Platelet-rich Plasma Promotes Fat Graft Survival via Stemness and Angiogenesis on Adipose-derived Stem Cells
Human Platelets were purchased from HEMOCARE for the production of PRP. Human adipose-derived stem cells were isolated as per laboratory protocol. The ASCs were cultured under four conditions: 1. Regular DMEM medium, 2. Regular DMEM medium with PRP 3. Adipogenic medium 4. Adipogenic medium with PRP. The cell proliferation was assessed by CYQUANT and the adipogenesis were evaluated by AdipoRed stain and the qPCR of PPAR-gamma and FABP4 gene expression. The mRNA of stemness gene expression of ASCs was compared by qPCR of SOX-2, Nanog and Oct-4 .The angiogenesis of ASCs was evaluated by qPCR of VEGF gene expression and endothelium tube formation assay. The nude mice were implant with fat graft with PRP as experiment and fat graft only as control group. The survival rate was analyzed by volume retention, the histomophometry of mature adipocyte area and vessel density assay by CD31 immunohistochemical stain ...
Aktā€ and Foxo1ā€interacting WDā€repeatā€FYVE protein promotes adipogenesis | The EMBO JournalAktā€ and Foxo1ā€interacting WDā€repeatā€FYVE protein promotes adipogenesis | The EMBO Journal
We have previously identified a WDā€repeat propellerā€FYVE protein, ProF, as an interaction partner for the kinases PKCĪ¶ and Akt in 3T3ā€L1 cells (Fritzius et al, 2006). Furthermore, we have shown that ProF forms a trimeric complex with PKCĪ¶ and its substrate VAMP2. In this complex, ProF was found to act as an adaptorā€like protein for facilitated substrate phosphorylation of VAMP2 by the active kinase PKCĪ¶ (Fritzius et al, 2007).. In this study, we identified a role for ProF during adipogenesis and showed complex formation of ProF with the kinase Akt and the kinase substrate Foxo1. The protein kinase Akt was found to affect adipogenesis after the expression of C/EBPĪ² and C/EBPĪ“, but before the expression of PPARĪ³ and C/EBPĪ± (Peng et al, 2003; Baudry et al, 2006), which resembled the effects of ProF on adipogenesis. Akt phosphorylation of Foxo1 at Ser253, in the Foxo1 DNA binding domain, has been demonstrated to decrease its transcriptional activity (Zhang et al, 2002). We have shown ...
CXCL3 positively regulates adipogenic differentiation<...CXCL3 positively regulates adipogenic differentiation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - CXCL3 positively regulates adipogenic differentiation. AU - Kusuyama, Joji. AU - Komorizono, Anna. AU - Bandow, Kenjiro. AU - Ohnishi, Tomokazu. AU - Matsuguchi, Tetsuya. PY - 2016/10. Y1 - 2016/10. N2 - Chemokines are a family of cytokines inducing cell migration and inflammation. Recent reports have implicated the roles of chemokines in cell differentiation. However, little is known about the functional roles of chemokines in adipocytes. Here, we explored gene expression levels of chemokines and chemokine receptors during adipogenic differentiation. We have found that two chemokines, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 (CXCL3) and CXCL13, as well as CXC chemokine receptor 2(CXCR2), a CXCL3 receptor, are highly expressed in mature adipocytes. When 3T3-L1 cells and ST2 cells were induced to differentiate, both the number of lipid droplets and the expression levels of adipogenic markers were significantly promoted by the addition of CXCL3, but not CXCL13. Conversely, gene knockdown ...
PSRC - REGULATION OF WNT SIGNALING IN ADIPOSE DERIVED STEM CELLS IMPROVES ADIPOGENIC POTENTIALPSRC - REGULATION OF WNT SIGNALING IN ADIPOSE DERIVED STEM CELLS IMPROVES ADIPOGENIC POTENTIAL
University of Pittsburgh Introduction: Human adipose derived stem cells (ASC) may have broad applications to plastic and reconstructive surgery. For soft tissue reconstruction, the ability to induce adipogenesis and angiogenesis is vital for long term graft survival. However the gene expression and cellular fate of these cells is governed by molecular signaling. Wnt signaling is well evidenced in inhibiting adipogenesis and influence cell differentiation. We hypothesized that regulation of this signaling cascade in adipose stem cells could enhance adipogenesis.. Purpose: This study aims to antagonize Wnt signaling by lentiviral overexpression of secreted frizzled-related protein1 (sFRP1) in ASCs to assess adipogenesis and angiogenic growth factor secretion.. Methods: Wnt antagonistic studies were carried out in lentiviral sFRP1 transfected and flow cytometry selected GFP reporter positive ASCs. mRNA gene expression of signaling cascade were analyzed for adipogenic marker genes (PPARy, FABP4, ...
Increased lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression of adipocytes in 3D bioprinted nanocellulose scaffoldsIncreased lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression of adipocytes in 3D bioprinted nanocellulose scaffolds
Compared to standard 2D culture systems, new methods for 3D cell culture of adipocytes could provide more physiologically accurate data and a deeper understanding of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. By resuspending living cells in a bioink of nanocellulose and hyaluronic acid, we were able to print 3D scaffolds with uniform cell distribution. After one week in culture, cell viability was 95%, and after two weeks the cells displayed a more mature phenotype with larger lipid droplets than standard 2D cultured cells. Unlike cells in 2D culture, the 3D bioprinted cells did not detach upon lipid accumulation. After two weeks, the gene expression of the adipogenic marker genes PPAR. and FABP4 was increased 2.0- and 2.2-fold, respectively, for cells in 3D bioprinted constructs compared with 2D cultured cells. Our 3D bioprinted culture system produces better adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and a more mature cell phenotype than conventional
The role of E2F4 in adipogenesis is independent of its cell cycle regulatory activity | PNASThe role of E2F4 in adipogenesis is independent of its cell cycle regulatory activity | PNAS
In this study, we have continued to investigate the roles of the E2F and pocket proteins in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. It was previously shown that hormone-induced adipogenesis is promoted by the loss of either E2F4 or p107 and p130 (25, 26). It seemed highly likely that the shared activity of E2F4 and p107/p130 simply reflects their participation in transcriptionally repressive complexes. However, our current analyses of compound mutant MEFs do not support this hypothesis. Instead, they suggest that the E2F and pocket proteins contribute to the regulation of adipocyte differentiation through three distinct mechanisms. Moreover, each one of these can be separated from effects on cell cycle control.. The first mechanism involves the E2F4 transcription factor. We have found that E2F4 loss predisposes MEFs to undergo adipogenesis. This phenotype includes increasing the proportion of cells that differentiate in response to the standard hormone treatment as well as enabling ...
Comparison of maternal isocaloric high carbohydrate and high fat diets on osteogenic and adipogenic genes expression in...Comparison of maternal isocaloric high carbohydrate and high fat diets on osteogenic and adipogenic genes expression in...
To our knowledge, these are the first results that demonstrate the effects of maternal isocaloric pair-fed high-carbohydrate (LF-HCD) versus high-fat diet (HF-LCD) during gestation and lactation on gene expression and serum levels of formation and resorption markers in bone, as well as adipogenic and lipogenic markers in retroperitoneal fat mass of mice offspring at adolescence. The results of the present study showed that maternal LF-HCD during gestation and lactation lead to up-regulation of Runx2 and Ctnnb1, as well as Runx2, OPG, OPG/RANK-L ratio and Ctnnb1 mRNA expression in bone of female and male offspring, respectively. Also, serum levels of OPG/RNK-L ratio which is the marker of osteogenesis [22] were increased in the LF-HCD-fed group, compared with the HF-LCD. PPARĪ³2 mRNA expression, as well as other adipogenic genes measured in the current study and serum levels of proteins were increased in the offspring of HF-LCD-fed mothers. Our results showed that mRNA expression of OPG and ...
The transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway in adipogenesisThe transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway in adipogenesis
Rising obesity epidemic makes the better understanding of transcription factor networks regulating adipogenesis very challenging. Adipogenesis begins with the commitment of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells to the adipocyte lineage, followed by terminal differentiation of preadipocytes to mature ad ā€¦
Analysis of mitochondria morphology dynamics during adipogenesis, UNCG NC DOCKS (North Carolina Digital Online Collection of...Analysis of mitochondria morphology dynamics during adipogenesis, UNCG NC DOCKS (North Carolina Digital Online Collection of...
Abstract: "There is great concern with an increase in the number of Americans who are overweight and obese. Fat cells or adipocytes play a central role in obesity. These cells are metabolically active and play a fundamental role in energy allocation and storage. The adipocyte functions as the energy storage cell by storing excess energy in the forms of triglycerides in lipid vesicles within the cell. The morphology of mitochondria is a dynamic process that varies from cell type to cell type and in response to a variety of signals and conditions (Wilson-Fritch, 2002; Wilson-Fritch, 2004). The morphology of mitochondria in the cell often reflects the functions of that type of cell. In my thesis I characterize the changes in mitochondrial morphology and actin during adipogenesis. In this thesis I found that mitochondria undergo a radical change in morphology during the first two days of adipogenesis. In the pre-adipocyte cell mitochondria assume a reticular morphology that is distributed uniformly ...
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CUL4B participates in the regulation of a broad spectrum of biological processes. In the current study, we provided several lines of evidence that CUL4B functions as a negative regulator of adipogenesis. First, CUL4B expression was downregulated during adipocyte differentiation in obese mice and was inversely correlated with BMI. Second, knockdown of CUL4B in 3T1-L1 cells led to increased adipocyte differentiation, whereas the overexpression of CUL4B had the opposite effect. Third, most importantly, the deletion of CUL4B in adipose tissues greatly facilitated adipogenesis. When challenged with HFD, AKO mice exhibited increased body weight gain and fat mass. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the negative regulation of adipogenesis by CUL4B is mediated by the polyubiquitination of PPARĪ³, a master regulator of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. In particular, the treatment with PPARĪ³ inhibitor GW9662 in HFD-fed AKO mice could efficiently block the increased adipogenesis and decreased ...
development | AlleleBlogdevelopment | AlleleBlog
Title:. A Novel pro-adipogenesis factor abundant in adipose tissues and over-expressed in obesity acts upstream of PPARg and C/EBPa. Authors:. Yuhui Ni, Chenbo Ji, Bin Wang, Jie Qiu, Jiwu Wang, Xirong Guo Abstract:. An important question about adipogenesis is how master adipogenesis factors (defined as being able to initiate adipogenesis when expressed alone) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) initiate adipogenesis only in differentiating preadipocytes. The objective of our research was to find previously unidentified factors that are unique or highly enriched in cells of the adipocyte lineage during adipogenesis that may provide functional tissue specificity to preadipocytes. We reasoned that such factors may alter expression profile specifically in obese individuals. Omental adipose tissues were obtained from obese and non-obese male patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. mRNAs extracted from either group were used for suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH). Genes ...
Quantification of Human Adipogenesis - No Study Results Posted - ClinicalTrials.govQuantification of Human Adipogenesis - No Study Results Posted - ClinicalTrials.gov
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details ...
The combination of DHEA, histamine, and insulin increases adipogenic differentiation and enhances tissue transplantation...The combination of DHEA, histamine, and insulin increases adipogenic differentiation and enhances tissue transplantation...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The combination of DHEA, histamine, and insulin increases adipogenic differentiation and enhances tissue transplantation outcome in mice. AU - Park, Yoorim. AU - Jung, Min Kyung. AU - Yoon, Sun Young. AU - Lee, Ha Reum. AU - Hur, Dae Young. AU - Kim, Daejin. AU - Yang, Yoolhee. AU - Kim, Tae Sung. AU - Kim, Seonghan. AU - Yoon, Suk Ran. AU - Park, Hyun Jeong. AU - Bang, Sa Ik. AU - Cho, Dae Ho. PY - 2013/5/1. Y1 - 2013/5/1. N2 - Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are pluripotent cells that can generate pure fat tissue for regeneration. Differentiated adipose cells have been generated by a common inducer cocktail composed of dexamethasone, insulin, and isobutylmethylxanthine (DIM). The major drawbacks of adipose cells are their tendency to float on the culture media and their cost. To overcome some of these disadvantages, a new inducer cocktail that includes insulin, dehydroepiandrosterone, and histamine (DHIH) was tested. As a result, lipid accumulation was elevated more than twofold with ...
Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Wnt Signaling | ScienceInhibition of Adipogenesis by Wnt Signaling | Science
Adipocytes arise from mesodermal stem cells, which have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of other cell types, including myocytes (1). Once committed to the adipocyte lineage, preadipocytes can remain quiescent, multiply, or undergo differentiation and become adipocytes. 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A cells are established mouse preadipocyte models. Both cell lines can be induced to differentiate in cell culture, but 3T3-F442A cells are thought to be arrested at a later point in development (2). Studies of these cellular models have revealed some of the molecular events that orchestrate adipogenesis, including the role of C/EBPs and PPARĪ³ in mediating the expression of adipocyte-specific genes (3, 4).. Wnts are a family of paracrine and autocrine factors that regulate cell growth and cell fate (5). Signaling is initiated when Wnt ligands bind to transmembrane receptors of the Frizzled family. In the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, Frizzleds signal through Dishevelled to inhibit the kinase ...
Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by mechanical stretching through ERK-mediated downregulation of PPARĪ³2 | Journal of...Inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by mechanical stretching through ERK-mediated downregulation of PPARĪ³2 | Journal of...
The present results provide direct evidence for a regulatory role of mechanical stress in adipocyte differentiation, mediated through the activation of the ERK/MAPK system. Controversial observations concerning the role of ERK/MAPK in adipocyte differentiation have been reported by several laboratories - the activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway has been shown to be involved in both the inhibition (Font de Mora et al., 1997; Hu et al., 1996; Kim et al., 2001; Shimba et al., 2001) and the promotion (Bost et al., 2002; Klemm et al., 2001; Machinal-Quelin et al., 2002; Prusty et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 1996) of adipocyte differentiation. Along these lines, Prusty et al. recently suggested that stimulation of the ERK/MAPK pathway might have opposing effects in the process of adipogenesis, depending on the time of activation during the differentiation process (Prusty et al., 2002). In the present study, the activated state of ERK1/2 was more prolonged during the induction period in response to the ...
FABP4 Attenuates PPARĪ³ and Adipogenesis and Is Inversely Correlated With PPARĪ³ in Adipose Tissues | DiabetesFABP4 Attenuates PPARĪ³ and Adipogenesis and Is Inversely Correlated With PPARĪ³ in Adipose Tissues | Diabetes
The fatty acid chaperone FABP4 is induced by PPARĪ³, the master regulator of adipogenesis, yet these two regulators exert opposite effects on various metabolic parameters such as insulin resistance and inflammation (14). Here we demonstrate a previously unrecognized negative feedback loop, whereby FABP4 specifically triggers proteasomal degradation of PPARĪ³ and consequently inhibits PPARĪ³-related functions, thereby providing a possible mechanism that explains their opposite effects. Our observations are consistent with an earlier finding that PPARĪ³ activity is elevated in FABP4-null macrophages (20). FABP4 was reported to physically interact with PPARĪ³ (38); hence, it is likely that such a physical interaction triggers the ubiquitination and the subsequent proteasomal degradation of PPARĪ³. This interaction took place through a site distinct from the fatty acid binding pocket of FABP4 (38), and therefore the ability of the fatty acid binding inhibitor BMS309403 to block the effect of FABP4 ...
Early-Life Programming of Adipogenesis and Adiposity - Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease - Cripps - Wiley Online LibraryEarly-Life Programming of Adipogenesis and Adiposity - Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease - Cripps - Wiley Online Library
Cripps, R. L. and Ozanne, S. E. (2010) Early-Life Programming of Adipogenesis and Adiposity, in Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease (eds T. Leff and J. G. Granneman), Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany. doi: 10.1002/9783527629527.ch24 ...
Expression of Nuclear Receptors during Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells COUP-TFI COUP-TFII PPAR ļ§ VDR GCNF ROR ļ” HNF4 ļ” LXR ļ” LXR ļ¢...Expression of Nuclear Receptors during Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells COUP-TFI COUP-TFII PPAR ļ§ VDR GCNF ROR ļ” HNF4 ļ” LXR ļ” LXR ļ¢...
LXR Ī± 0h 4h 8h 18h 1D 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D 7D 8D h 2d d Induction MediumDifferentiation Medium NR Expression during Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells (2) Fu et al., Mol. Endo. 19: 2437 (2005) Nur77 PPAR Ī³ NUR77 LXR ļ” PPAR ļ§
Differential effects of fibroblast growth factor and tumor promoters on the initiation and maintenance of adipocyte...Differential effects of fibroblast growth factor and tumor promoters on the initiation and maintenance of adipocyte...
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) has been shown to inhibit the differentiation of myogenic and adipogenic cell lines without inducing a proliferative response. We have previously shown that agents capable of activating protein kinase C (PKC), such as FGF and the phorbol ester tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), inhibit the differentiation of the adipogenic cell line TA1, as measured by the rapid loss of adipocyte-specific RNAs. We report here that the treatment of fully differentiated TA1 adipocytes with FGF at 10 ng/ml induces the reversal of adipocyte differentiation, even in cells where PKC activity has been down-regulated by TPA pretreatment. In contrast, TPA or lower concentrations of FGF (1 ng/ml), both effective inducers of c-fos RNA in adipocytes, fail to reverse adipocyte differentiation. The adipocytes, however, will extinguish differentiation-specific functions in response to TPA by the addition of a calcium ionophore. Therefore, we propose that there are two FGF-sensitive pathways ...
JCI - Deciphering the cellular interplays underlying obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosisJCI - Deciphering the cellular interplays underlying obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis
Adipose tissue progenitors (or precursors), often located in the vicinity of the vascular network, constitute a heterogeneous population. They can be discriminated through their capacity to differentiate into mature adipocytes and also by their level of commitment into the adipocyte differentiation program. The application of flow cytometry using various markers as well as single-cell RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of multiple cell populations. The CD9hi progenitors exhibited very limited adipogenic capacity with a high propensity for the production of extracellular matrix components. CD9hi progenitors include mesothelial cells, whose contribution in adipose tissue remodeling is currently unresolved. Further investigations are still needed to establish the relationship between these various populations of progenitors. In addition, a better understanding of the critical functional determinants and whether acquired phenotypes are reversible is needed ...
Srujana Rayalam, PhDSrujana Rayalam, PhD
Dr. Rayalam has worked in the areas of obesity, body weight regulation, phytochemicals and adipocyte biochemistry for over 8 years. Her research interests include: 1) to study the adipocyte life cycle and to understand the interaction of adipocytes with other cell types as an approach to address several problems associated with obesity; 2) to develop novel treatment strategies for obesity by inducing transdifferentiation of white to beige adipocytes and to inhibit lipid accumulation in white adipocytes; and 3) to identify combinations of phytochemicals and vitamins that have synergistic anti-adipogenic effects with an ultimate goal of developing pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals for prevention and treatment of obesity and associated disorders. Aging is accompanied by an accumulation of adipocytes in bone marrow and Dr. Rayalams other interest is to understand the fat-bone interaction and to identify molecular targets for the prevention of weight gain and bone loss associated with aging. Dr. ...
Kindkes Scrap Notes: High glucose induces adipogenic differentiationKindke's Scrap Notes: High glucose induces adipogenic differentiation
I think this is part of the puzzle as to why refined carbs in particular can be so fattening. It is well documented that the digestibility of carbohydrates determines the corresponding postprandial blood sugar spike ( glycemic index ). In addition, I suppose you could say that, being insulin resistant in muscle leads to exaggerated and prolonged elevated postprandial glucose levels, and these high glucose concentrations ( could potentially ) activate adipogenic pathways, in both muscle and fat tissue ...
Pennington Biomedical Research CenterPennington Biomedical Research Center
Dr. Marlatt is interested in the role of dietary and exercise interventions to facilitate healthy aging and metabolic health as it relates to women, particularly in the transition through menopause. She currently is focusing her research efforts on the impact of a drug intervention in post-menopausal women; the impact of hormones and race on adipogenesis and adipocyte morphology; as well as intermittent hypoxia in individuals with diabetes ...
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Pharmacological dosing of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) controls adiposity in rodents by inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing fatty acid oxidation. Retinol dehydrogenases (Rdh) catalyze the first reaction that activate retinol into atRA. This study examined post-natal contributions of Rdh10 to atRA biosynthesis and physiological functions of endogenous atRA. Embryonic fibroblasts from Rdh10 heterozygote hypomorphs or with a total Rdh10 knockout exhibit decreased atRA biosynthesis and escalated adipogenesis. atRA or a RAR pan-agonist reversed the phenotype. Eliminating one Rdh10 copy in vivo (Rdh10+/-) yielded a modest decrease (ā‰¤25%) in the atRA concentration of liver and adipose, but increased adiposity in male and female mice fed a high-fat diet, increased liver steatosis, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in males fed a high-fat diet, and activated bone marrow adipocyte formation in females, regardless of dietary fat. Chronic dosing with low dose atRA corrected the metabolic ...
Conferința Structure-specific zinc adipogenesis. An in vitro structure-bioactivity correlation study in Diabetes mellitusConferința 'Structure-specific zinc adipogenesis. An in vitro structure-bioactivity correlation study in Diabetes mellitus'
Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea din Bucuresti - informatii despre admitere, licenta, master, doctorat, catedre, activitati de cercetare
HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM - ppt downloadHUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM - ppt download
carbon skeleton use as energy source or converted to glycogen or fat Formation of Urea urea Growth and repair O H synthesis NH3 (ammonia) HO C C NH2 R excess O H HO C C NH2 amino acid R carbon skeleton use as energy source or converted to glycogen or fat
Anti-Adipogenic | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological Action | NaturalAnti-Adipogenic | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological Action | Natural
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MORC2 Polyclonal Antibody, HRP Conjugated | EpiGentekMORC2 Polyclonal Antibody, HRP Conjugated | EpiGentek
Background Exhibits a cytosolic function in lipogenesis, adipogenic differentiation, and lipid homeostasis by increasing the activity of ACLY, possibly preventing its dephosphorylation. May act as a transcriptional repressor....
rs10483032 - SNPediars10483032 - SNPedia
PMID 22527884] Genetic variation in the carbonyl reductase 3 gene confers risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance: a potential regulator of adipogenesis ...
Dynamic upregulation of CD24 in pre-adipocytes promotes adipogenesis - Memorial University Research RepositoryDynamic upregulation of CD24 in pre-adipocytes promotes adipogenesis - Memorial University Research Repository
The development of mature adipocytes from pre-adipocytes is a highly regulated process. CD24 is a glycophosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface receptor that has been identified as a critical cell surface marker for identifying pre-adipocytes that are able to reconstitute white adipose tissue (WAT) in vivo. Here, we examined the role and regulation of CD24 during adipogenesis in vitro. We found that CD24 mRNA and protein expression is upregulated early during adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and in murine primary pre-adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous and visceral WAT, followed by downregulation in mature adipocytes. CD24 mRNA expression was found to be dependent on increased transcription due to increased promoter activity in response to activation of a preexisting transcriptional regulator. Furthermore, either intracellular cAMP or dexamethasone were sufficient to increase expression in pre-adipocytes, while both additively increased CD24 expression. Preventing the increase in CD24 ...
Proteomic Analysis of Bovine Longissimus Muscle Satellite Cells during Adipogenic DifferentiationProteomic Analysis of Bovine Longissimus Muscle Satellite Cells during Adipogenic Differentiation
Satellite cells are skeletal muscle progenitor/stem cells that reside between the basal lamina and plasma membranes of skeletal fibers in vivo. These cells can give rise to both myogenic and adipogenic cells. Given the possible role for differentiation of satellite cells into adipocytes in marbling and in some pathological disorders like sarcopenia, knowledge of the proteins involved in such process remains obscure. Using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, we investigated the proteins that are differentially expressed during adipogenic differentiation of satellite cells from bovine longissimus muscle. Our proteome mapping strategy to identify the differentially expressed intracellular proteins during adipogenic differentiation revealed a total of 25 different proteins. The proteins up-regulated during adipogenic differentiation of satellite cells like Cathepsin H precursor, Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Enoyl-CoA hydratase, Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c ...
Effect of germinated brown rice extracts on pancreatic lipase, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes<...Effect of germinated brown rice extracts on pancreatic lipase, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of germinated brown rice extracts on pancreatic lipase, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. AU - See Meng, Lim. AU - Goh, Yong Meng. AU - Kuan, Wen Bin. AU - Loh, Su Peng. PY - 2014/11/3. Y1 - 2014/11/3. N2 - Background: This study investigated anti-obesity effects of seven different solvent (n-hexane, toluene, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate, absolute methanol, 80% methanol and deionized water) extracts of germinated brown rice (GBR) on pancreatic lipase activity, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: GBR were extracted separately by employing different solvents with ultrasound-assisted. Pancreatic lipase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB) to p-nitrophenol at 405 nm. Adipogenesis and lipolysis were assayed in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by using Oil Red O staining and glycerol release measurement. Results: GBR extract using hexane showed the highest ...
The retinoblastoma-histone deacetylase 3 complex inhibits PPARgamma and adipocyte differentiationThe retinoblastoma-histone deacetylase 3 complex inhibits PPARgamma and adipocyte differentiation
The retinoblastoma protein (RB) has previously been shown to facilitate adipocyte differentiation by inducing cell cycle arrest and enhancing the transactivation by the adipogenic CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBP). We show here that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a nuclear receptor pivotal for adipogenesis, promotes adipocyte differentiation more efficiently in the absence of RB. PPARgamma and RB were shown to coimmunoprecipitate, and this PPARgamma-RB complex also contains the histone deacetylase HDAC3, thereby attenuating PPARgammas capacity to drive gene expression and adipocyte differentiation. Dissociation of the PPARgamma-RB-HDAC3 complex by RB phosphorylation or by inhibition of HDAC activity stimulates adipocyte differentiation. These observations underscore an important function of both RB and HDAC3 in fine-tuning PPARgamma activity and adipocyte differentiation.. Keywords: Thiazolidinediones. ...
Beta-mecaptoethanol suppresses inflammation and induces adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-F442A murine preadipocytes<...Beta-mecaptoethanol suppresses inflammation and induces adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-F442A murine preadipocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Beta-mecaptoethanol suppresses inflammation and induces adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-F442A murine preadipocytes. AU - Guo, Wen. AU - Li, Yahui. AU - Liang, Wentao. AU - Wong, Siu. AU - Apovian, Caroline. AU - Kirkland, James L.. AU - Corkey, Barbara E.. PY - 2012/7/23. Y1 - 2012/7/23. N2 - Preadipocytes are present in adipose tissues throughout adult life that can proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes in response to environmental cues. Abnormal increase in adipocyte number or size leads to fat tissue expansion. However, it is now recognized that adipocyte hypertrophy is a greater risk factor for metabolic syndrome whereas fat tissue that continues to produce newer and smaller fat cells through preadipocyte differentiation is "metabolically healthy". Because adipocyte hypertrophy is often associated with increased oxidant stress and low grade inflammation, both are linked to disturbed cellular redox, we tested how preadipocyte differentiation may be regulated ...
CD90 serves as differential modulator of subcutaneous and visceral adipose-derived stem cells by regulating AKT activation that...CD90 serves as differential modulator of subcutaneous and visceral adipose-derived stem cells by regulating AKT activation that...
White adipose tissue includes subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) with different metabolic features. SAT protects from metabolic disorders, while VAT promotes them. The proliferative and adipogenic potentials of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are critical for maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis through driving adipocyte hyperplasia and inhibiting pathological hypertrophy. However, it remains to be elucidated the critical molecules that regulate different potentials of subcutaneous and visceral ADSCs (S-ADSCs, V-ADSCs) and mediate distinct metabolic properties of SAT and VAT. CD90 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein on various cells, which is also expressed on ADSCs. However, its expression patterns and differential regulation on S-ADSCs and V-ADSCs remain unclear. S-ADSCs and V-ADSCs were detected for CD90 expression. Proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, mitotic clonal expansion, and adipogenic differentiation were assayed in S-ADSCs, V-ADSCs, or CD90
In todays study we investigated the consequences of genistein on adipogenic | Application of Computational Methods for the...In today's study we investigated the consequences of genistein on adipogenic | Application of Computational Methods for the...
In todays study we investigated the consequences of genistein on adipogenic differentiation of mouse bone tissue marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) cultures and its own potential signaling pathway. differentiation. Genistein decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in mouse BMSC ethnicities dose-dependently. Genistein incubation for the whole tradition period in adition to that applied through the early stage of the tradition period considerably inhibited Rabbit Polyclonal to Cox1. Vorinostat the adipogenic Vorinostat differentiation of mouse BMSC ethnicities. While genistein was incubated in the past due stage (after day time 9) no inhibitory influence on adipogenic differentiation was noticed. BMSC ethnicities treated with genistein in the current presence of fibroblast growth element-2 (FGF-2) an activator from the ERK1/2 signaling pathway indicated normal degrees of ERK1/2 activity and by doing this can handle going through adipogenesis. Our outcomes claim Vorinostat that activation ...
Dynamic complexes of A-type lamins and emerin influence adipogenic capacity of the cell via nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Ī²...Dynamic complexes of A-type lamins and emerin influence adipogenic capacity of the cell via nucleocytoplasmic distribution of Ī²...
Marian Blanca RamĆ­rez from the CSIC in Spain has been studying the effects of LRRK2, a protein associated with Parkinsons disease, on cell motility. A Travelling Fellowship from Journal of Cell Science allowed her to spend time in Prof Maddy Parsons lab at Kings College London, learning new cell migration assays and analysing fibroblasts cultured from individuals with Parkinsons. Read more on her story here. Where could your research take you? The deadline to apply for the current round of Travelling Fellowships is 30 Nov 2017. Apply now!. ...
Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose...Isolation, Expansion, and Adipogenic Induction of CD34+CD31+ Endothelial Cells from Human Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose...
Yağ dokusu vaskĆ¼ler ataları gelen beyaz ve bej adiposit farklılaşma obezite metabolik iyileştirme iƧin potansiyel taşımaktadır. CD34 +...
Human Preadipocytes-subcutaneous | Creative BioarrayHuman Preadipocytes-subcutaneous | Creative Bioarray
Adipocytes play an important role in energy storage and metabolism. Adipocyte differentiation is a developmental process that is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling. It is controlled by complex actions involving gene expression and signal transduction. Preadipocytes are present throughout adult life in adipose tissues and can proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes according to the energy balance. The proliferation and differentiation of these preadipocytes contribute to increases in adipose tissue mass. In vitro study indicates that different tissue-derived preadipocytes exhibit differently in lipid accumulation, adipogenic transcription factor expression, and TNF?-induced apoptosis. It has also been demonstrated that there is a close relationship between adipocyte differentiation and many physiological and pathological processes including fat metabolism, energy balance, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and breast cancer. HPA-s from Bioarray Research ...
Identification of potential specific biomarkers and key signaling pathways between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of...Identification of potential specific biomarkers and key signaling pathways between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of...
The differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into adipogenesis (AD) rather than osteogenesis (OS) is an important pathological feature of osteoporosis. Illuminating the detailed mechanisms of the differentiation of BMSCs into OS and AD would contribute to the interpretation of osteoporosis pathology. To identify the regulated mechanism in lineage commitment of the BMSCs into OS and AD in the early stages, the gene expression profiles with temporal series were downloaded to reveal the distinct fates when BMSCs adopt a committed lineage. For both OS and AD lineages, the profiles of days 2-4 were compared with day 0 to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Next, the functional enrichment analysis was utilized to find out the biological function, and protein-protein interaction network to predict the central genes. Finally, experiments were performed to verify our finding. FoxO signaling pathway with central genes like FoxO3, IL6, and CAT is the crucial mechanism of
Medical Advisor Journals, Kyle J. Norton Site, Health Tips for Better Living and Living Health: The Effects of Hormone...Medical Advisor Journals, Kyle J. Norton Site, Health Tips for Better Living and Living Health: The Effects of Hormone...
Adipocytes and fat cells play critical roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Adipogenesis (adipocyte differentiation) is regulated via a complex process including coordinated changes in hormone sensitivity and gene expression. According to the study by the Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prostaglandins (PGs), which are lipid mediators, are associated with the regulation of PPARĪ³ function in adipocytes. Prostacyclin promotes the differentiation of adipocyte-precursor cells to adipose cells via activation of the expression of C/EBPĪ² and Ī“. These proteins are important transcription factors in the activation of the early phase of adipogenesis, and they activate the expression of PPARĪ³, which event precedes the maturation of adipocytes. PGE(2) and PGF(2Ī±) strongly suppress the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by enhancing their own production via receptor-mediated elevation of the expression of cycloxygenase-2, and they also suppress the function of PPARĪ³(24). ...
Cdk6 blocks myeloid differentiation by interfering with Runx1 DNA binding and Runx1ā€C/EBPĪ± interaction | The EMBO JournalCdk6 blocks myeloid differentiation by interfering with Runx1 DNA binding and Runx1ā€C/EBPĪ± interaction | The EMBO Journal
Coordinating terminal differentiation and cell cycle arrest involves coupling the activity of the transcriptional regulators that activate lineageā€specific gene expression programs to the cell cycle machinery. The importance of such coordination is illustrated by the observation that ectopic expression of cell cycle promoting factors is able to interfere with differentiation of numerous cell types. Wellā€characterized examples include the ability of the cā€Myc oncoprotein to block the differentiation of adipocytes by repressing the transcription of C/EBPĪ±, a key inducer of adipogenesis (Freytag and Geddes, 1992), and the ability of Cyclin D1/Cdk4 to inhibit myogenesis through binding to MyoD (Zhang et al, 1999). However, in other cases, the molecular mechanisms are not clear. E2Fā€1 can block granulopoiesis (Strom et al, 1998), adipogenesis (Porse et al, 2001) and myogenesis (Wang et al, 1995), but the relevant molecular targets are not defined. Cdk6 inhibits osteogenic differentiation by ...
Acquisition of human alveolar bone-derived stromal cells using minimally irrigated implant osteotomy: in vitro and in vivo...Acquisition of human alveolar bone-derived stromal cells using minimally irrigated implant osteotomy: in vitro and in vivo...
Bone chips were obtained by minimally irrigated implant drilling technique from 10 human donors. Isolated cells were studied with respect to their colony-forming efficiency, surface marker expression by immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis and self-renewal potency. To verify the differentiation activity, in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic gene expressions were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro formation of mineralized nodule and adipocytes was also evaluated. In vivo bone-forming activity was assessed by ectopic transplantation in immunocompromised mice (n = 5 ...
Plus itPlus it
The number of overweight and obese individuals continues to increase in both the U.S. and worldwide. This increase has led to a significant increase in obesity-related medical problems including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In obesity, the differentiation of adipocytes is suppressed. Although adipocyte differentiation is associated with changes in glucose metabolism, little is known about the potential of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism to modulate this process. Pyruvate kinase (PK) mediates the rate-limiting step of glycolysis. The M2 isoform of PK (PKM2) is expressed in adipocytes but its role in adipogenesis is unknown. Here we demonstrate that PKM2 regulates the differentiation of both human and mouse adipocytes. Silencing of PKM2 in preadipocytes led to increased lipid accumulation, enhanced expression of markers (FABP4, PPARgamma, C/EBPBeta) of adipocyte differentiation and caused a shift in the pattern of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism favoring the ...
Evidence of impaired adipogenesis in insulin resistanceEvidence of impaired adipogenesis in insulin resistance
To elucidate the roles of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in the early development of insulin resistance, we characterized gene expression profiles of isolated adipose cells and skeletal muscle of non-diabetic insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients using oligonucleot ā€¦
The Other Side of Life 24/7: ScienceDaily: Top Health NewsThe Other Side of Life 24/7: ScienceDaily: Top Health News
A research team has managed to decode the process of adipogenesis by identifying the precise proteins that play the leading roles in fat absorption. There are many actors involved in the process of adipogenesis, used by the body to store the fat that it absorbs from food. Up to now there had been some uncertainty as to how it was regulated. Yet, understanding this mechanism is of crucial importance to prevent the diseases related to fat accumulation in adipose tissue ...
Evaluation Of Properties On Controlling The Adipogenesis Process In Citrullus Colocynthis Seed Extracts - Free Essay Example |...Evaluation Of Properties On Controlling The Adipogenesis Process In Citrullus Colocynthis Seed Extracts - Free Essay Example |...
Obesity is a growing epidemic around the world and dramatically increases the risk of developing a number of chronic diseases (Gambero and Ribeiro, 2015).
A high-throughput, image-based screen to identify kinases involved in brown adipocyte development | Science SignalingA high-throughput, image-based screen to identify kinases involved in brown adipocyte development | Science Signaling
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Oil Red O Lipid Stain for adipocites and neutral trigliceridesOil Red O Lipid Stain for adipocites and neutral triglicerides
Oil Red O Lipid Stain kit is used to demonstrate adipocites and neutral triglicerides. This is also useful to demonstrate adipogenesis. Fat cells and neutral fat will be coloured in red and the nuclei in blue.
Creb3l4-KO mice showed adipocyte hyperplasia, lead to i | Open-iCreb3l4-KO mice showed adipocyte hyperplasia, lead to i | Open-i
Creb3l4-KO mice showed adipocyte hyperplasia, lead to improved metabolic parameters. (a) Adipogenic potential of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from
Characteristics of human MSCs. (A) Cells in culture on | Open-iCharacteristics of human MSCs. (A) Cells in culture on | Open-i
Characteristics of human MSCs. (A) Cells in culture on day 3 (left) and day 8 (right) from subculture from passage 4. (B) Adipogenic differentiation of human MS
CiNii č«–ę–‡ - Cryptic fragment Ī±4 LG4-5 derived from laminin Ī±4 chain inhibits de novo...CiNii č«–ę–‡ - Cryptic fragment Ī±4 LG4-5 derived from laminin Ī±4 chain inhibits de novo...
Cryptic fragment Ī±4 LG4-5 derived from laminin Ī±4 chain inhibits de novo adipogenesis by modulating the effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 ...
Dual functions of TAF7L in adipocyte differentiation | eLifeDual functions of TAF7L in adipocyte differentiation | eLife
A combination of cellular, biochemical, genetic and genomic techniques have revealed a new molecular player in the production of fat cells in mice, which could improve our understanding of obesity.
FOXO1FOXO1
MicroRNAMicroRNA
Yihai CaoYihai Cao
LipoblastLipoblast
Firre (gene)Firre (gene)
DEPTORDEPTOR
WNT10BWNT10B
GPR 120GPR 120
STC1STC1
AdiposopathyAdiposopathy
Let-7 microRNA precursorLet-7 microRNA precursor
NEDD8NEDD8
ADAM12ADAM12
N6-MethyladenosineN6-Methyladenosine
OxylipinOxylipin
CathepsinCathepsin
KMT2DKMT2D
OprelvekinOprelvekin
FollistatinFollistatin
Super-enhancerSuper-enhancer
Acetyl-CoA carboxylaseAcetyl-CoA carboxylase
MiR-27MiR-27
ChemerinChemerin
CMKLR1CMKLR1
SenescenceSenescence
WNT3AWNT3A
ObesogenObesogen
MED12MED12
CTBP2CTBP2
MED1MED1
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
AdipogenesisAdipocytesPPAR gammaCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alphaCell DifferentiationCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-betaAdipose TissueAdipose Tissue, WhiteAdipocytes, WhiteAzo CompoundsAdipocytes, Brown3T3 CellsMesenchymal Stromal CellsReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearThiazolidinedionesGene Expression RegulationObesityOsteogenesisTranscription FactorsCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding ProteinsAnti-Obesity AgentsFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsLipid MetabolismCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-deltaSubcutaneous FatGene Knockdown TechniquesCells, CulturedMice, ObeseRNA, Small InterferingMice, Inbred C57BLSignal TransductionInsulinRNA, MessengerReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionEndrinFibroblastsLipodystrophy1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineWnt ProteinsDexamethasoneOsteoblastsAdiposityGraves OphthalmopathyMice, KnockoutStem CellsLipogenesisAdipose Tissue, BrownRNA InterferenceCell LineStromal CellsOrbitNuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1Down-Regulationbeta CateninChromatin ImmunoprecipitationIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsNIH 3T3 CellsTrialkyltin CompoundsBlotting, Western
Restricted Adipogenesis in Hypertrophic Obesity | DiabetesRestricted Adipogenesis in Hypertrophic Obesity | Diabetes
Quantification of Human Adipogenesis - No Study Results Posted - ClinicalTrials.govQuantification of Human Adipogenesis - No Study Results Posted - ClinicalTrials.gov
Ursolic Acid Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through LKB1/AMPK PathwayUrsolic Acid Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through LKB1/AMPK Pathway
The transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway in adipogenesisThe transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein signalling pathway in adipogenesis
The role of E2F4 in adipogenesis is independent of its cell cycle regulatory activity | PNASThe role of E2F4 in adipogenesis is independent of its cell cycle regulatory activity | PNAS
Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Wnt Signaling | ScienceInhibition of Adipogenesis by Wnt Signaling | Science
Early-Life Programming of Adipogenesis and Adiposity - Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease - Cripps - Wiley Online LibraryEarly-Life Programming of Adipogenesis and Adiposity - Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease - Cripps - Wiley Online Library
Analysis of mitochondria morphology dynamics during adipogenesis, UNCG NC DOCKS (North Carolina Digital Online Collection of...Analysis of mitochondria morphology dynamics during adipogenesis, UNCG NC DOCKS (North Carolina Digital Online Collection of...
Aktā€ and Foxo1ā€interacting WDā€repeatā€FYVE protein promotes adipogenesis | The EMBO JournalAktā€ and Foxo1ā€interacting WDā€repeatā€FYVE protein promotes adipogenesis | The EMBO Journal
Anti-Adipogenic | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological Action | NaturalAnti-Adipogenic | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological Action | Natural
Dynamics of mRNA and polysomal abundance in early 3T3-L1 adipogenesis | BMC Genomics | Full TextDynamics of mRNA and polysomal abundance in early 3T3-L1 adipogenesis | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Conferința Structure-specific zinc adipogenesis. An in vitro structure-bioactivity correlation study in Diabetes mellitusConferința 'Structure-specific zinc adipogenesis. An in vitro structure-bioactivity correlation study in Diabetes mellitus'
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell adipogenesis unravels new processes of adipocyte development ...Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of mouse embryonic stem cell adipogenesis unravels new processes of adipocyte development ...
Expression of Nuclear Receptors during Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells COUP-TFI COUP-TFII PPAR ļ§ VDR GCNF ROR ļ” HNF4 ļ” LXR ļ” LXR ļ¢...Expression of Nuclear Receptors during Adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 Cells COUP-TFI COUP-TFII PPAR ļ§ VDR GCNF ROR ļ” HNF4 ļ” LXR ļ” LXR ļ¢...
Modest Decreases in Endogenous All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Produced by a Mouse Rdh10 Heterozygote Provoke Major Abnormalities in...Modest Decreases in Endogenous All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Produced by a Mouse Rdh10 Heterozygote Provoke Major Abnormalities in...
Adipogenesis - WikipediaAdipogenesis - Wikipedia
Adipogenesis | Jackson Lab | Stanford MedicineAdipogenesis | Jackson Lab | Stanford Medicine
Evidence of impaired adipogenesis in insulin resistanceEvidence of impaired adipogenesis in insulin resistance
The Engrailed-1 Gene Stimulates Brown AdipogenesisThe Engrailed-1 Gene Stimulates Brown Adipogenesis
Inducible brown adipogenesis of supraclavicular fat in adult humans. - PubMed - NCBIInducible brown adipogenesis of supraclavicular fat in adult humans. - PubMed - NCBI
Transcriptional Basis of Adipogenesis | BIDMC of BostonTranscriptional Basis of Adipogenesis | BIDMC of Boston
Adipogenesis Marker Antibody Sampler KitAdipogenesis Marker Antibody Sampler Kit
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, potentiates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. - PubMed - NCBIImidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, potentiates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. - PubMed - NCBI
JCI - Contribution of adipogenesis to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesityJCI - Contribution of adipogenesis to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesity
JCI - Contribution of adipogenesis to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesityJCI - Contribution of adipogenesis to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesity
Effects of Securigera securidaca Extract on Lipolysis and Adipogenesis in Diabetic RatsEffects of Securigera securidaca Extract on Lipolysis and Adipogenesis in Diabetic Rats
Cross-Talk Between Interferon-Ī³ and Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Adipogenesis | DiabetesCross-Talk Between Interferon-Ī³ and Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Adipogenesis | Diabetes
Chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and adipogenesis of canine mesenchymal stem cells: a biochemical, morphological and...Chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and adipogenesis of canine mesenchymal stem cells: a biochemical, morphological and...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Isobavachalcone from Angelica keiskei Inhibits Adipogenesis and Prevents Lipid AccumulationIJMS | Free Full-Text | Isobavachalcone from Angelica keiskei Inhibits Adipogenesis and Prevents Lipid Accumulation
Angiotensin type 2 receptor activation promotes browning of white adipose tissue and brown adipogenesis | Signal Transduction...Angiotensin type 2 receptor activation promotes browning of white adipose tissue and brown adipogenesis | Signal Transduction...
Shikonin inhibits adipogenesis by modulation of the WNT/Ī²-catenin pathway.Shikonin inhibits adipogenesis by modulation of the WNT/Ī²-catenin pathway.
The Good Fat: Understanding Adipogenesis and Function of Brown Fat | The New York Academy of SciencesThe Good Fat: Understanding Adipogenesis and Function of Brown Fat | The New York Academy of Sciences
Inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and suppression of abdominal fat accumulation in high-fat diet-feeding C57BL/6J mice...Inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and suppression of abdominal fat accumulation in high-fat diet-feeding C57BL/6J mice...
Citrus Peel Ethanol Extract Inhibits the Adipogenesis Caused from High Fat-Induced DIO ModelCitrus Peel Ethanol Extract Inhibits the Adipogenesis Caused from High Fat-Induced DIO Model
Jak-TGFĪ² cross-talk links transient adipose tissue inflammation to beige adipogenesis | Science SignalingJak-TGFĪ² cross-talk links transient adipose tissue inflammation to beige adipogenesis | Science Signaling
Lipotoxicity-Steatosis, Adipogenesis, and Phospholipidosis | Thermo Fisher ScientificLipotoxicity-Steatosis, Adipogenesis, and Phospholipidosis | Thermo Fisher Scientific
Transcription factor regulation in adipogenesis (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathwaysTranscription factor regulation in adipogenesis (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathways
Effects of estrogens and the phytoestrogen genistein on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in males and females - Cooke - 2005 -...Effects of estrogens and the phytoestrogen genistein on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in males and females - Cooke - 2005 -...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
AdipogenesisAdipocytesPPAR gammaCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alphaCell DifferentiationCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-betaAdipose TissueAdipose Tissue, WhiteAdipocytes, WhiteAzo CompoundsAdipocytes, Brown3T3 CellsMesenchymal Stromal CellsReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearThiazolidinedionesGene Expression RegulationObesityOsteogenesisTranscription FactorsCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding ProteinsAnti-Obesity AgentsFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsLipid MetabolismCCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-deltaSubcutaneous FatGene Knockdown TechniquesCells, CulturedMice, ObeseRNA, Small InterferingMice, Inbred C57BLSignal TransductionInsulinRNA, MessengerReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionEndrinFibroblastsLipodystrophy1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineWnt ProteinsDexamethasoneOsteoblastsAdiposityGraves OphthalmopathyMice, KnockoutStem CellsLipogenesisAdipose Tissue, BrownRNA InterferenceCell LineStromal CellsOrbitNuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1Down-Regulationbeta CateninChromatin ImmunoprecipitationIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsNIH 3T3 CellsTrialkyltin CompoundsBlotting, Western
DifferentiationAdipocyteAdipocytesPreadipocytesMRNAObesityVitroMurineTranscriptionalCellsExpressionProteinsMolecularFactorsAdipocytesInhibitsInhibitionInhibit adipogenesisAccumulationStage of adipogenesisOsteogenesisVivoInsulinFibroblastsInhibitoryVitro adipogenesisBeige adipogenesisRegulate adipogenesisProteinBrown and white adipogenesisPathwaySubcutaneousProteins in adipogenesisInitiation of adipogenesisAngiogenesis and adipogenesisMetabolismLipolysisStimulationAffect adipogenesisChromatinRegulationRegulatesTranscriptional cascadeMechanismsMarkedly
Differentiation4
Adipocyte1
  • Studies of these cellular models have revealed some of the molecular events that orchestrate adipogenesis, including the role of C/EBPs and PPARĪ³ in mediating the expression of adipocyte-specific genes ( 3 , 4 ). (sciencemag.org)
Adipocytes1
Preadipocytes1
  • To examine the role of Wnt signaling in adipogenesis, we tested whether Wnt expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes affected their ability to differentiate. (sciencemag.org)
MRNA1
  • Here we analyze changes of mRNA levels and their potential contribution to the changing protein pool by determination of mRNA levels and ribosome binding to mRNAs in 3T3-L1 cells stimulated for adipogenesis. (beds.ac.uk)
Obesity1
  • Rising obesity epidemic makes the better understanding of transcription factor networks regulating adipogenesis very challenging. (nih.gov)
Vitro1
Murine1
  • In a previous study we analyzed changes in the abundance of free and polysomal, i.e. ribosome bound, RNAs in the first hours of adipogenesis in the murine cell line 3T3-L1. (beds.ac.uk)
Transcriptional1
Cells1
  • Here we performed genome-wide analysis of gene expression during adipogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Expression1
Proteins1
Molecular1
  • Here we show that Wnt signaling, likely mediated by Wnt-10b, is a molecular switch that governs adipogenesis. (sciencemag.org)
Factors1
  • Adipogenesis is a complex process, and a number of factors are important for its regulation. (beds.ac.uk)
Adipocytes27
Inhibits9
Inhibition11
Inhibit adipogenesis3
Accumulation5
Stage of adipogenesis4
Osteogenesis3
  • Despite the fact that the balance has been comprehensively scrutinized between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and between chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, few reviews discuss the relationship between chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. (springer.com)
  • The current study demonstrated that MEG3 was downregulated during adipogenesis and upregulated during osteogenesis of hASCs. (deepdyve.com)
  • Moreover, miR-140-5p was upregulated during adipogenesis and downregulated during osteogenesis in hASCs, which was negatively correlated with MEG3. (deepdyve.com)
Vivo6
Insulin5
  • Our findings suggest that insulin resistance is associated with an impaired adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • An inhibitory effect of resveratrol in the mitotic clonal expansion and insulin signaling pathway in the early phase of adipogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Concomitantly, resveratrol inhibited insulin signaling pathway in the early phase of adipogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)
  • ProF binds to the transcription factor Foxo1 (Forkhead box O1), a negative regulator of insulin action and adipogenesis, and facilitates the phosphorylation and thus inactivation of Foxo1 by Akt. (embopress.org)
  • FOXO1 is a transcription factor that plays important roles in regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis by insulin signaling, and is also central to the decision for a preadipocyte to commit to adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Fibroblasts4
Inhibitory1
Vitro adipogenesis3
Beige adipogenesis4
  • Here, we demonstrate enhanced energy dissipation in Rag1-/- mice, increased catecholaminergic input to subcutaneous WAT, and significant beige adipogenesis. (jci.org)
  • Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that CD8+ T cell deficiency accounts for the enhanced beige adipogenesis in Rag1-/- mice. (jci.org)
  • Consistently, we identified that CD8-/- mice also presented with enhanced beige adipogenesis. (jci.org)
  • Compositions and methods for white to beige adipogenesis" by Denise Ratzlaff Cooper, Ryan Adam Kirchoffer et al. (usf.edu)
Regulate adipogenesis2
Protein3
  • This finding definitively separates the known, positive role of pRB in adipogenesis from its cell cycle function and shows that this pocket protein is required to act downstream of E2F4 in the differentiation process. (pnas.org)
  • In addition, the extracellular matrix (ECM) was found to be involved in adipogenesis through changes in protein composition and dynamics. (nature.com)
  • Downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-BL represses adipogenesis. (ru.nl)
Brown and white adipogenesis1
  • Methods: We performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and RNA-seq to depict a genome-wide integrative view of the DNA methylome and transcriptome during brown and white adipogenesis. (ntu.edu.sg)
Pathway3
Subcutaneous4
  • Here, we show that CD44 expression is required for subcutaneous adipogenesis, whereas RHAMM expression suppresses this process. (rsc.org)
  • We designed RHAMM function blocking peptides to promote subcutaneous adipogenesis as a clinical and tissue engineering tool. (rsc.org)
  • Blocking RHAMM function by peptide injection or topical application is a novel and minimally invasive method for potentially promoting subcutaneous adipogenesis in lipodystrophic diseases and a complementary tool to subcutaneous fat augmentation techniques. (rsc.org)
  • The hypothesis that maintenance of normal subcutaneous (SC) adipogenesis accounts, at least partially, for this protective phenotype and whether it can be abrogated by chronic exposure to IL-6 was investigated. (springer.com)
Proteins in adipogenesis1
Initiation of adipogenesis1
  • Phosphorylation of Akt at 1 h after the initiation of adipogenesis was inhibited by the treatment with baicalein. (nih.gov)
Angiogenesis and adipogenesis1
Metabolism2
Lipolysis2
  • In conclusion, S. securidaca decreases lipolysis and adipogenesis without cytotoxicity, which makes it a good candidate for management of dyslipidemia and reduction of cardiovascular risks in diabetes. (hindawi.com)
  • We examined the effects of 4- and 8-week Ī²-GPA feeding on serum myostatin levels and expression of genes and proteins related to adipogenesis, lipolysis, and liposynthesis in epididymal WAT (eWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in 3-week-old, juvenile male mice. (readbyqxmd.com)
Stimulation1
  • Nrf2 -/- MEFs showed markedly accelerated adipogenesis upon stimulation, while Keap1 -/- MEFs (which exhibit higher NRF2 signaling) differentiated slowly compared to their congenic wild-type MEFs. (elsevier.com)
Affect adipogenesis1
  • We hypothesized that the regulation of hyaluronic acid (HA), a component of the ECM, can affect adipogenesis in fat cells. (nature.com)
Chromatin1
Regulation3
  • Evidence suggests that adipogenesis is one of the biological events involved in the regulation of cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. (springer.com)
  • These results suggest that ISL1 is intimately involved in early regulation of adipogenesis, modulating PPARgamma expression and activity via BMP4-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (garvan.org.au)
  • Positive regulation of DNA double strand break repair activity during differentiation of long life span cells: the example of adipogenesis. (inserm.fr)
Regulates3
Transcriptional cascade1
  • We are performing both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments designed to place O/E-1 and other O/E isoforms in the transcriptional cascade leading to adipogenesis. (bidmc.org)
Mechanisms1
  • However, the mechanisms regulating the Aktā€dependent phosphorylation of Foxo1 and thus adipogenesis remain largely unknown to date. (embopress.org)
Markedly1
Plus it
Plus it (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Restricted Adipogenesis in Hypertrophic Obesity | Diabetes
Restricted Adipogenesis in Hypertrophic Obesity | Diabetes (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Anti-Adipogenic | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological Action | Natural
Anti-Adipogenic | GreenMedInfo | Pharmacological Action | Natural (greenmedinfo.com)
FABP4 Attenuates PPARĪ³ and Adipogenesis and Is Inversely Correlated With PPARĪ³ in Adipose Tissues | Diabetes
FABP4 Attenuates PPARĪ³ and Adipogenesis and Is Inversely Correlated With PPARĪ³ in Adipose Tissues | Diabetes (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Inhibition of Adipogenesis and Induction of Apoptosis and Lipolysis by Stem Bromelain in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Inhibition of Adipogenesis and Induction of Apoptosis and Lipolysis by Stem Bromelain in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (journals.plos.org)
Chito-Oligosaccharide Inhibits the De-Methylation of a 'CpG' Island within the Leptin (LEP) Promoter during Adipogenesis of 3T3...
Chito-Oligosaccharide Inhibits the De-Methylation of a 'CpG' Island within the Leptin (LEP) Promoter during Adipogenesis of 3T3... (journals.plos.org)
Sirt1 carboxyl-domain is an ATP-repressible domain that is transferrable to other proteins | Nature Communications
Sirt1 carboxyl-domain is an ATP-repressible domain that is transferrable to other proteins | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Frontiers | Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Is Altered by Intrauterine Growth Restriction |...
Frontiers | Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Is Altered by Intrauterine Growth Restriction |... (frontiersin.org)
Expansion of Human Adult Stem Cells from Bone Marrow Stroma: Conditions that Maximize the Yields of Early Progenitors and...
Expansion of Human Adult Stem Cells from Bone Marrow Stroma: Conditions that Maximize the Yields of Early Progenitors and... (onlinelibrary.wiley.com)
Transcriptional Basis of Adipogenesis | BIDMC of Boston
Transcriptional Basis of Adipogenesis | BIDMC of Boston (bidmc.org)
Plus it
Plus it (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Plus it
Plus it (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Goose bumps - Wikipedia
Goose bumps - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Skin
Skin (en.wikipedia.org)
The Good Fat: Understanding Adipogenesis and Function of Brown Fat | The New York Academy of Sciences
The Good Fat: Understanding Adipogenesis and Function of Brown Fat | The New York Academy of Sciences (nyas.org)
Tackling Obesity Through Science | The New York Academy of Sciences
Tackling Obesity Through Science | The New York Academy of Sciences (nyas.org)
Anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of plants and mushrooms | Nature Reviews Endocrinology
Anti-obesogenic and antidiabetic effects of plants and mushrooms | Nature Reviews Endocrinology (nature.com)
Absolute quantification of transcription factors during cellular differentiation using multiplexed targeted proteomics | Nature...
Absolute quantification of transcription factors during cellular differentiation using multiplexed targeted proteomics | Nature... (nature.com)
Plus it
Plus it (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Cross-Talk Between Interferon-Ī³ and Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Adipogenesis | Diabetes
Cross-Talk Between Interferon-Ī³ and Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Adipogenesis | Diabetes (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and adipogenesis of canine mesenchymal stem cells: a biochemical, morphological and...
Chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and adipogenesis of canine mesenchymal stem cells: a biochemical, morphological and... (link.springer.com)
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Natural Products and Obesity: A Focus on the Regulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Natural Products and Obesity: A Focus on the Regulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during... (mdpi.com)
Articles selected by Faculty of 1000: high-throughput Arabidopsis metabolomics; mitochondrial DNA nucleoids; behavioral...
Articles selected by Faculty of 1000: high-throughput Arabidopsis metabolomics; mitochondrial DNA nucleoids; behavioral... (genomebiology.biomedcentral.com)
Proteomic analysis of adipose tissue during the last weeks of gestation in pure and crossbred Large White or Meishan fetuses...
Proteomic analysis of adipose tissue during the last weeks of gestation in pure and crossbred Large White or Meishan fetuses... (link.springer.com)
Forkhead box A3 mediates glucocorticoid receptor function in adipose tissue | PNAS
Forkhead box A3 mediates glucocorticoid receptor function in adipose tissue | PNAS (pnas.org)
Alumni des Lehrstuhls fĆ¼r Pharmazeutische Technologie - UniversitƤt Regensburg
Alumni des Lehrstuhls fĆ¼r Pharmazeutische Technologie - UniversitƤt Regensburg (uni-regensburg.de)
Pablo Astudillo - Mendeley
Pablo Astudillo - Mendeley (mendeley.com)
Abdominal Obesity Midsection Fat | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural
Abdominal Obesity Midsection Fat | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural (greenmedinfo.com)
Obesity: Abdominal | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine
Obesity: Abdominal | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine (greenmedinfo.com)
The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM23 regulates adipocyte differentiation via stabilization of the adipogenic activator PPARĪ³ | eLife
The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM23 regulates adipocyte differentiation via stabilization of the adipogenic activator PPARĪ³ | eLife (elifesciences.org)
Fat Tissue | The New York Academy of Sciences
Fat Tissue | The New York Academy of Sciences (nyas.org)
Weird Science: Blueberries May Fight Fat | L.A. Weekly
Weird Science: Blueberries May Fight Fat | L.A. Weekly (laweekly.com)
Obesity and Lipotoxicity | SpringerLink
Obesity and Lipotoxicity | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)