Adipogenesis: The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature ADIPOCYTES.Adipocytes: Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.PPAR gamma: A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR ALPHA is important in regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism and CELL GROWTH PROCESSES. It is a target of THIAZOLIDINEDIONES for control of DIABETES MELLITUS.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha: A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER; ADIPOSE TISSUE; INTESTINES; LUNG; ADRENAL GLANDS; PLACENTA; OVARY and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (LEUKOCYTES, MONONUCLEAR). Experiments with knock-out mice have demonstrated that CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-alpha is essential for the functioning and differentiation of HEPATOCYTES and ADIPOCYTES.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta: A CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein found in LIVER; INTESTINES; LUNG and ADIPOSE TISSUE. It is an important mediator of INTERLEUKIN-6 signaling.Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Adipose Tissue, White: Fatty tissue composed of WHITE ADIPOCYTES and generally found directly under the skin (SUBCUTANEOUS FAT) and around the internal organs (ABDOMINAL FAT). It has less vascularization and less coloration than the BROWN FAT. White fat provides heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and source of energy.Adipocytes, White: Fat cells with light coloration and few MITOCHONDRIA. They contain a scant ring of CYTOPLASM surrounding a single large lipid droplet or vacuole.Azo CompoundsAdipocytes, Brown: Fat cells with dark coloration due to the densely packed MITOCHONDRIA. They contain numerous small lipid droplets or vacuoles. Their stored lipids can be converted directly to energy as heat by the mitochondria.3T3 Cells: Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear: Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.Thiazolidinediones: THIAZOLES with two keto oxygens. Members are insulin-sensitizing agents which overcome INSULIN RESISTANCE by activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma).Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Osteogenesis: The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins: A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.Anti-Obesity Agents: Agents that increase energy expenditure and weight loss by neural and chemical regulation. Beta-adrenergic agents and serotoninergic drugs have been experimentally used in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to treat obesity.Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins: Intracellular proteins that reversibly bind hydrophobic ligands including: saturated and unsaturated FATTY ACIDS; EICOSANOIDS; and RETINOIDS. They are considered a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed family of proteins that may play a role in the metabolism of LIPIDS.Lipid Metabolism: Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta: A member of the C-EBP protein family of transcription factors. It plays a key role in G0 PHASE mammary EPITHELIAL CELL growth arrest, and it is involved in transcriptional regulation of INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; and TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA.Subcutaneous Fat: Fatty tissue under the SKIN through out the body.Gene Knockdown Techniques: The artificial induction of GENE SILENCING by the use of RNA INTERFERENCE to reduce the expression of a specific gene. It includes the use of DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA, such as SMALL INTERFERING RNA and RNA containing HAIRPIN LOOP SEQUENCE, and ANTI-SENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Mice, Obese: Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.RNA, Small Interfering: Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.Mice, Inbred C57BLSignal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Lipodystrophy: A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASESWnt Proteins: Wnt proteins are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that play essential roles in EMBRYONIC AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT, and tissue maintenance. They bind to FRIZZLED RECEPTORS and act as PARACRINE PROTEIN FACTORS to initiate a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway stabilizes the transcriptional coactivator BETA CATENIN.Dexamethasone: An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.Adiposity: The amount of fat or lipid deposit at a site or an organ in the body, an indicator of body fat status.Graves Ophthalmopathy: An autoimmune disorder of the EYE, occurring in patients with Graves disease. Subtypes include congestive (inflammation of the orbital connective tissue), myopathic (swelling and dysfunction of the extraocular muscles), and mixed congestive-myopathic ophthalmopathy.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.Lipogenesis: De novo fat synthesis in the body. This includes the synthetic processes of FATTY ACIDS and subsequent TRIGLYCERIDES in the LIVER and the ADIPOSE TISSUE. Lipogenesis is regulated by numerous factors, including nutritional, hormonal, and genetic elements.Adipose Tissue, Brown: A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.RNA Interference: A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Stromal Cells: Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1: A DNA-binding orphan nuclear receptor that negatively regulates expression of ARNTL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and plays a role as a regulatory component of the circadian clock system. The Nr1d1 nuclear receptor expression is cyclically-regulated by a feedback loop involving its positive regulation by CLOCK PROTEIN; BMAL1 PROTEIN heterodimers and its negative regulation by CRYPTOCHROME and PERIOD PROTEINS.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.beta Catenin: A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.Chromatin Immunoprecipitation: A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins: Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.NIH 3T3 Cells: A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)Trialkyltin Compounds: Organometallic compounds which contain tin and three alkyl groups.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Induction of chondro-, osteo- and adipogenesis in embryonic stem cells by bone morphogenetic protein-2: effect of cofactors on differentiating lineages. (1/1177)
BACKGROUND: Recently, tissue engineering has merged with stem cell technology with interest to develop new sources of transplantable material for injury or disease treatment. Eminently interesting, are bone and joint injuries/disorders because of the low self-regenerating capacity of the matrix secreting cells, particularly chondrocytes. ES cells have the unlimited capacity to self-renew and maintain their pluripotency in culture. Upon induction of various signals they will then differentiate into distinctive cell types such as neurons, cardiomyocytes and osteoblasts. RESULTS: We present here that BMP-2 can drive ES cells to the cartilage, osteoblast or adipogenic fate depending on supplementary co-factors. TGFbeta1, insulin and ascorbic acid were identified as signals that together with BMP-2 induce a chondrocytic phenotype that is characterized by increased expression of cartilage marker genes in a timely co-ordinated fashion. Expression of collagen type IIB and aggrecan, indicative of a fully mature state, continuously ascend until reaching a peak at day 32 of culture to approximately 80-fold over control values. Sox9 and scleraxis, cartilage specific transcription factors, are highly expressed at very early stages and show decreased expression over the time course of EB differentiation. Some smaller proteoglycans, such as decorin and biglycan, are expressed at earlier stages. Overall, proteoglycan biosynthesis is up-regulated 7-fold in response to the supplements added. BMP-2 induced chondrocytes undergo hypertrophy and begin to alter their expression profile towards osteoblasts. Supplying mineralization factors such as beta-glycerophosphate and vitamin D3 with the culture medium can facilitate this process. Moreover, gene expression studies show that adipocytes can also differentiate from BMP-2 treated ES cells. CONCLUSIONS: Ultimately, we have found that ES cells can be successfully triggered to differentiate into chondrocyte-like cells, which can further alter their fate to become hypertrophic, and adipocytes. Compared with previous reports using a brief BMP-2 supplementation early in differentiation, prolonged exposure increased chondrogenic output, while supplementation with insulin and ascorbic acid prevented dedifferentiation. These results provide a foundation for the use of ES cells as a potential therapy in joint injury and disease. (+info)Role of Gas-6 in adipogenesis and nutritionally induced adipose tissue development in mice. (2/1177)
OBJECTIVE: A potential role of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas-6) in energy storage in adipose tissue was investigated in murine models of obesity. Gas-6 is a ligand for the Axl, C-Mer, and Sky family of tyrosine kinase receptors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Whereas Gas-6, C-Mer, and Sky were expressed in mature murine adipocytes, the expression of Axl was restricted to the stromal-vascular fraction, which includes pre-adipocytes. During the in vitro conversion of adipogenic 3T3-F442A cells into mature adipocytes, the expression of Gas-6 increased in undifferentiated confluent pre-adipocytes during a transient phase of growth arrest. On treatment of these cells with an adipogenic medium, Gas-6 expression decreased sharply, coinciding with expression of early adipocytes markers. This modulation was not observed in the nonadipogenic 3T3-C2 cells. The Gas-6 mRNA level was transiently downregulated during nutritionally induced expansion of adipose tissues in vivo. When kept on a standard diet, no significant difference in either total body weight or weight of gonadal or subcutaneous fat pads was observed between Gas-6 deficient and wild-type mice. On exposure to a high-fat diet, however, Gas-6-deficient mice had significantly less fat mass than their wild-type counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Gas-6 enhances the accumulation of adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice. (+info)Mesenchymal stem cells from the outer ear: a novel adult stem cell model system for the study of adipogenesis. (3/1177)
Adipocytes arise from multipotent stem cells of mesodermal origin, which also give rise to the muscle, bone, and cartilage lineages. However, signals and early molecular events that commit multipotent stem cells into the adipocyte lineage are not well established mainly due to lack of an adequate model system. We have identified a novel source of adult stem cells from the external murine ears referred to here as an ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSC). EMSC have been isolated from several standard and mutant strains of mice. They are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent, since they give rise to osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. The in vitro characterization of EMSC indicates very facile adipogenic differentiation. Morphological, histochemical, and molecular analysis after the induction of differentiation showed that EMSC maintain adipogenic potentials up to fifth passage. A comparison of EMSC to the stromal-vascular (S-V) fraction of fat depots, under identical culture conditions (isobutyl-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin), revealed much more robust and consistent adipogenesis in EMSC than in the S-V fraction. In summary, we show that EMSC can provide a novel, easily obtainable, primary culture model for the study of adipogenesis. (+info)Generation of a vascularized organoid using skeletal muscle as the inductive source. (4/1177)
The technology required for creating an in vivo microenvironment and a neovasculature that can grow with and service new tissue is lacking, precluding the possibility of engineering complex three-dimensional organs. We have shown that when an arterio-venous (AV) loop is constructed in vivo in the rat groin, and placed inside a semisealed chamber, an extensive functional vasculature is generated. To test whether this unusually angiogenic environment supports the survival and growth of implanted tissue or cells, we inserted various preparations of rat and human skeletal muscle. We show that after 6 weeks incubation of muscle tissue, the chamber filled with predominantly well-vascularized recipient-derived adipose tissue, but some new donor-derived skeletal muscle and connective tissue were also evident. When primary cultured myoblasts were inserted into the chamber with the AV loop, they converted to mature striated muscle fibers. Furthermore, we identify novel adipogenesis-inducing properties of skeletal muscle. This represents the first report of a specific three-dimensional tissue grown on its own vascular supply. (+info)The transcription factor GATA2 regulates differentiation of brown adipocytes. (5/1177)
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized mammalian tissue and a site of adaptive thermogenesis. Although the metabolic functions of brown and white adipocytes are distinct, terminal differentiation of both adipocyte lineages is regulated by well-characterized common transcription factors. However, the early stages of adipocyte differentiation and regulation of precursor cells are not well understood. We report here that GATA2 is expressed in brown adipocyte precursors, and its expression is downregulated in a differentiation-dependent manner. Constitutive expression of GATA2 suppressed expression of BAT-specific genes in brown adipocytes, whereas disruption of a GATA2 allele in brown preadipocytes resulted in significantly elevated differentiation and expression of several markers of brown adipogenesis. Collectively, these results show that GATA2 functions to suppress brown adipocyte differentiation, whereas reduction of GATA2 promotes brown adipogenesis. (+info)The G0/G1 switch gene 2 is a novel PPAR target gene. (6/1177)
PPARs (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors) alpha, beta/delta and gamma are a group of transcription factors that are involved in numerous processes, including lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. By comparing liver mRNAs of wild-type and PPARalpha-null mice using microarrays, a novel putative target gene of PPARalpha, G0S2 (G0/G1 switch gene 2), was identified. Hepatic expression of G0S2 was up-regulated by fasting and by the PPARalpha agonist Wy14643 in a PPARalpha-dependent manner. Surprisingly, the G0S2 mRNA level was highest in brown and white adipose tissue and was greatly up-regulated during mouse 3T3-L1 and human SGBS (Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome) adipogenesis. Transactivation, gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that G0S2 is a direct PPARgamma and probable PPARalpha target gene with a functional PPRE (PPAR-responsive element) in its promoter. Up-regulation of G0S2 mRNA seemed to be specific for adipogenesis, and was not observed during osteogenesis or myogenesis. In 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, expression of G0S2 was associated with growth arrest, which is required for 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Together, these data indicate that G0S2 is a novel target gene of PPARs that may be involved in adipocyte differentiation. (+info)Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1), a component of the molecular clock, regulates adipogenesis. (7/1177)
Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1; also known as MOP3 or Arnt3) is a transcription factor known to regulate circadian rhythm. Here, we established its involvement in the control of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism activity in mature adipocytes. During adipose differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells, the level of BMAL1 mRNA began to increase 4 days after induction and was highly expressed in differentiated cells. In white adipose tissues isolated from C57BL/6J mice, BMAL1 was predominantly expressed in a fraction containing adipocytes, as compared with the stromal-vascular fraction. BMAL1 knockout mice embryonic fibroblast cells failed to be differentiated into adipocytes. Importantly, adding BMAL1 back by adenovirus gene transfer restored the ability of BMAL1 knockout mice embryonic fibroblast cells to differentiate. Knock-down of BMAL1 expression in 3T3-L1 cells by an RNA interference technique allowed the cells to accumulate only minimum amounts of lipid droplets in the cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of BMAL1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in induction of several factors involved in lipogenesis. The promoter activity of these genes was stimulated in a BMAL1-dependent manner. Interestingly, expression of these factors showed clear circadian rhythm in mice adipose tissue. Furthermore, overexpression of BMAL1 in adipocytes increased lipid synthesis activity. These results indicate that BMAL1, a master regulator of circadian rhythm, also plays important roles in the regulation of adipose differentiation and lipogenesis in mature adipocytes. (+info)Gene expression analysis suggests that EBF-1 and PPARgamma2 induce adipogenesis of NIH-3T3 cells with similar efficiency and kinetics. (8/1177)
Differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into lipid-accumulating adipocytes is a physiological process induced by transcription factors in combination with hormonal stimulation. We have used Affymetrix microarrays to compare the adipogenic differentiation pathways of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts induced to undergo in vitro differentiation by ectopic expression of early B cell factor (EBF)-1 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma2. These experiments revealed that commitment to the adipogenic pathway in the NIH-3T3 cells was not reflected in gene expression until 4 days after induction of differentiation. Furthermore, gene expression patterns at the earlier time points after stimulation indicated that EBF-1 and PPARgamma2 induced different sets of genes, while the similarities increased upon differentiation, and that several genes linked to adipocyte differentiation were also transiently induced in the vector-transduced cells. These data suggest that the initial activation of genes associated with adipocyte development is independent of commitment to the adipogenic pathway and that EBF-1 and PPARgamma2 induce adipocyte differentiation with comparable kinetics and efficiency. (+info)
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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Isobavachalcone from Angelica keiskei Inhibits Adipogenesis and Prevents Lipid Accumulation
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Shikonin inhibits adipogenesis by modulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway.
The Good Fat: Understanding Adipogenesis and Function of Brown Fat | The New York Academy of Sciences
Inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and suppression of abdominal fat accumulation in high-fat diet-feeding C57BL/6J mice...
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Transcription factor regulation in adipogenesis (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathways
Effects of estrogens and the phytoestrogen genistein on adipogenesis and lipogenesis in males and females - Cooke - 2005 -...
DifferentiationAdipocyteAdipocytesPreadipocytesMRNAObesityVitroMurineTranscriptionalCellsExpressionProteinsMolecularFactorsAdipocytesInhibitsInhibitionInhibit adipogenesisAccumulationStage of adipogenesisOsteogenesisVivoInsulinFibroblastsInhibitoryVitro adipogenesisBeige adipogenesisRegulate adipogenesisProteinBrown and white adipogenesisPathwaySubcutaneousProteins in adipogenesisInitiation of adipogenesisAngiogenesis and adipogenesisMetabolismLipolysisStimulationAffect adipogenesisChromatinRegulationRegulatesTranscriptional cascadeMechanismsMarkedly
Differentiation4
- Adipogenesis begins with the commitment of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells to the adipocyte lineage, followed by terminal differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- This finding definitively separates the known, positive role of pRB in adipogenesis from its cell cycle function and shows that this pocket protein is required to act downstream of E2F4 in the differentiation process. (pnas.org)
- Inhibition of differentiation was also observed when Wnt signaling was activated by lithium or β-catS33Y ( Fig. 1 A). Thus, Wnt signaling appears to inhibit adipogenesis in vitro. (sciencemag.org)
- These cell lines are believed to be faithful models of preadipocyte differentiation and they have provided important insights into the transcriptional control of the late steps of adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Adipocyte1
- Studies of these cellular models have revealed some of the molecular events that orchestrate adipogenesis, including the role of C/EBPs and PPARγ in mediating the expression of adipocyte-specific genes ( 3 , 4 ). (sciencemag.org)
Adipocytes1
- Adipogenesis is a complex process, in which immature pre-adipocytes change morphology, micro-anatomy and physiology to become mature adipocytes. (beds.ac.uk)
Preadipocytes1
- To examine the role of Wnt signaling in adipogenesis, we tested whether Wnt expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes affected their ability to differentiate. (sciencemag.org)
MRNA1
- Here we analyze changes of mRNA levels and their potential contribution to the changing protein pool by determination of mRNA levels and ribosome binding to mRNAs in 3T3-L1 cells stimulated for adipogenesis. (beds.ac.uk)
Obesity1
- Rising obesity epidemic makes the better understanding of transcription factor networks regulating adipogenesis very challenging. (nih.gov)
Vitro1
- A ) Wnt signaling blocks adipogenesis in vitro. (sciencemag.org)
Murine1
- In a previous study we analyzed changes in the abundance of free and polysomal, i.e. ribosome bound, RNAs in the first hours of adipogenesis in the murine cell line 3T3-L1. (beds.ac.uk)
Transcriptional1
- Within the first hours of adipogenesis, changes in transcriptional and translational regulation take place. (beds.ac.uk)
Cells1
- Here we performed genome-wide analysis of gene expression during adipogenesis of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (biomedcentral.com)
Expression1
- A shift towards up-regulation of gene expression in early adipogenesis was detected. (beds.ac.uk)
Proteins1
- In this study, we have used compound E2F and pocket protein mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts to dissect the role of these proteins in adipogenesis. (pnas.org)
Molecular1
- Here we show that Wnt signaling, likely mediated by Wnt-10b, is a molecular switch that governs adipogenesis. (sciencemag.org)
Factors1
- Adipogenesis is a complex process, and a number of factors are important for its regulation. (beds.ac.uk)
Adipocytes27
- Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which pre-adipocytes become adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
- Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, potentiates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- He Y, Li Y, Zhao T, Wang Y, Sun C (2013) Ursolic Acid Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes through LKB1/AMPK Pathway. (plos.org)
- Adipogenesis begins with the commitment of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells to the adipocyte lineage, followed by terminal differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- Also, to evaluate adipogenesis, preadipocytes were isolated from adipose tissue and differentiated to adipocytes in the presence of the extract. (hindawi.com)
- During adipogenesis, regulation of the expression of various genes that are specifically involved in the formation of ECM and cytoskeletal elements is necessary for the transformation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes. (nature.com)
- Adipocytes play a vital role in energy homeostasis and adipogenesis is a hierarchically regulated cellular differentiation process, in which the precursor mesenchymal stem cells are differentiated into mature adipocytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The differentiation of mesoderm cells into adipocytes is called adipogenesis and is driven by the activation of specific transcription factors and proteins, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, GLUT4, and FABP4 . (thermofisher.com)
- Adipogenic RHAMM peptides were identified by screening for their ability to promote adipogenesis in culture assays using rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, mouse pre-adipocyte cell lines and primary human subcutaneous pre-adipocytes. (rsc.org)
- They also decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of adipogenesis factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (frontiersin.org)
- Study I showed that the transcription factor, MAFB, was associated with increased adiposity and involved in regulation of TNFα-mediated inflammatory response, yet did not seem to directly influence adipogenesis or metabolism in human adipocytes. (dissertations.se)
- Adipogenesis is the process of differentiation of different cell types into adipocytes, the primary fat storage cell type. (creativebiomart.net)
- These results suggest that the reorganization of mitochondrial morphology is established early during adipogenesis and may play a role in the functions of fully differentiated adipocytes. (uncg.edu)
- Here, we examined the effects of baicalein in adipogenesis and investigated its molecular mechanism in adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- These results indicate that baicalein decreased the intracellular lipid accumulation by down-regulation of glucose uptake via repression of Akt-C/EBPα-GLUT4 signaling in the very early stage of adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (nih.gov)
- Next, we measured changes in the expression levels of the adipogenic and lipogenic genes in cells which were differentiating into adipocytes in medium containing baicalein or not during days 0-2, days 0-6 during the 6-day-adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
- Finally, similar positive regulation of DNA-PKcs expression and activity was observed during differentiation of primary culture of pre-adipocytes isolated from human sub-cutaneous adipose tissue.Our results show that DNA DSBs repair activity is up regulated during the early commitment into adipogenesis due to an up-regulation of DNA-PK expression and activity. (inserm.fr)
- Two TRPs were found to be developmentally expressed during human adipogenesis: TRPP3, for the first time implicated in brown adipogenesis and TRPM8, previously reported in adipocytes, but my findings are the first, to ascribe it a role in brown adipogenesis. (nus.edu.sg)
- The excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is caused by increased adipogenesis accompanied by adipocyte differentiation, which converts immature pre-adipocytes into adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the inhibitory effect of betanin on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism action. (sciepub.com)
- Increased proliferation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes to mature adipocytes (adipogenesis) within the fat tissues are central to obesity. (grantome.com)
- The significance of the proposed research is that once we establish the molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis which result in increased survival of adipocytes, we can manipulate targets of the apoptosis pathway to devise new and innovative approaches to prevent or reverse weight gain and obesity. (grantome.com)
- By showing that alternative splicing of apoptotic genes modulate differentiation and maturation of pre-adipocytes, the proposed studies will establish a new paradigm for adipogenesis and reveal new targets for treatment of obesity. (grantome.com)
- In cosmetology, there is an interest in identifying compounds with an adipogenesis inhibitory action (which corresponds to the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature fat storing adipocytes) or with a lipolysis stimulating action (which corresponds to the destruction of stored fat). (labtoo.com)
- To elucidate the role of PTP-BL and of its catalytic activity during adipogenesis we use siRNA techniques in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts that lack wildtype PTP-BL and instead express a variant without the PTP domain (Delta P/Delta P MEFs). (ru.nl)
- en] Obesity is an ever-growing epidemic where tissue homeostasis is influenced by the differentiation of adipocytes that function in lipid metabolism, endocrine and inflammatory processes. (uni.lu)
- Moreover, adipocytes of Creb3l4-knockout mice showed hyperplasia caused by increased adipogenesis, and exhibited improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as compared with littermate wild-type mice. (yonsei.ac.kr)
Inhibits9
- Lee H, Li H, Kweon M, Choi Y, Kim MJ, Ryu J-H. Isobavachalcone from Angelica keiskei Inhibits Adipogenesis and Prevents Lipid Accumulation. (mdpi.com)
- Shikonin inhibits adipogenesis by modulation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. (biomedsearch.com)
- Et Zucc, inhibits adipogenesis and fat accumulation. (biomedsearch.com)
- SIGNIFICANCE: This study clearly shows that shikonin inhibits adipogenesis by the modulation of WNT/β-catenin pathway in vitro, and also suggests that WNT/β-catenin pathway can be used as a therapeutic target for obesity and related diseases using a natural compound like shikonin, even though the in vivo effects of shikonin and its clinical significance remain to be elucidated. (biomedsearch.com)
- Tumour necrosis factor-α inhibits adipogenesis via a β-catenin/TCF4(TCF7L2)-dependent pathway. (springer.com)
- Adrenomedullin inhibits adipogenesis under transcriptional control of insulin. (inserm.fr)
- Long non-coding RNA MEG3 inhibits adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis of human adipose-derived. (deepdyve.com)
- Our hypothesis is that resveratrol inhibits adipogenesis through modulation of mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) and cell signaling pathways in the early phase of differentiation. (oregonstate.edu)
- Foxo1 inhibits adipogenesis at least partially by repressing PPARγ gene transcription ( Armoni et al , 2006 ). (embopress.org)
Inhibition11
- Inhibition of differentiation was also observed when Wnt signaling was activated by lithium or β-catS33Y ( Fig. 1 A). Thus, Wnt signaling appears to inhibit adipogenesis in vitro. (sciencemag.org)
- We investigated the effects of HA by degradation of pre-existing or synthesized HA and artificial inhibition of HA synthesis in adipogenesis. (nature.com)
- and BMP4 also partially rescued ISL1 inhibition of adipogenesis, an effect which is additive with rosiglitazone. (garvan.org.au)
- The inhibition of Wnt and β-catenin in adipogenesis was reversed by CHIR 99021. (arvojournals.org)
- Resveratrol is known as a potent antiobesity compound that acts partly through inhibition of adipogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)
- The antiadipogenic effect of resveratrol is through inhibition of the MCE and IR-dependent insulin signaling pathway in the early phase of adipogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)
- Inhibition during only the first 1.5 h after the initiation of adipogenesis by baicalein or an Akt inhibitor was enough to decrease the lipid contents in the cells undergoing adipocyte differentiation for 6 days. (nih.gov)
- Transient inhibition of Ddx5 mRNA expression at the start of adipogenesis impairs the differentiation programme even when DDX5 expression is restored later in adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conversely, this study demonstrates that NRF2 regulates expression of Ahr and subsequently modulates several downstream events of the AHR signaling cascade, including (i) transcriptional control of the xenobiotic metabolism genes Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 and (ii) inhibition of adipogenesis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (elsevier.com)
- 28. The method of claim 17, wherein the scaffold, the cell homing composition, or the adipogenic composition comprises a secretase γ inhibitor, a Notch gamma secretase inhibitor, or a MAPk inhibitor in an amount effect to reduce, substantially reduce, or eliminate adipogenesis inhibition by an EGF receptor comprised of the progenitor cell. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- However, there is substantial evidence to suggest that there are other factors that mediate the interaction between FOXO1 and the PPARG promoter, and that inhibition of adipogenesis is not entirely dependent on FOXO1 preventing transcription of PPARG. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibit adipogenesis3
- TNFα and IL-1β) inhibit adipogenesis through various pathways. (springer.com)
- Since AHR negatively controls adipocyte differentiation, we postulated that NRF2 would inhibit adipogenesis through the interaction with the AHR pathway. (elsevier.com)
- During stimulation by insulin, FOXO1 is excluded from the nucleus and is subsequently unable to prevent transcription of PPARG and inhibit adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulation5
- These results imply the involvement of imidacloprid in altered adipogenesis, resulting in increased fat accumulation. (nih.gov)
- Shikonin-induced reductions of the major transcription factors of adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, and lipid metabolizing enzymes including fatty acid binding protein 4 and lipoprotein lipase, as well as intracellular fat accumulation, were all significantly recovered by siRNA-mediated knockdown of β-catenin. (biomedsearch.com)
- Changes in the ECM such as accumulation of high molecular weight of HA by HAS and degradation of HA by endogenous HYAL were essential for adipogenesis both in vitro and in vivo . (nature.com)
- Adipogenesis Assay Kit is used for quantifying triglyceride accumulation in cells and tissues. (creativebiomart.net)
- The Adipogenesis Assay Kit quantifies triglyceride accumulation in cells and tissues. (creativebiomart.net)
Stage of adipogenesis4
- This review aimed to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis and the inhibitory effects of various phytochemicals, including those from natural sources, on the early stage of adipogenesis. (mdpi.com)
- These reductions were also observed even when baicalein was added in only early stage of adipogenesis (0-2 days) of 6-day-adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
- Decreased expression of adipogenesis-related genes by baicalein in early stage of adipogenesis.A, Expression levels of the adipogenic and lipogenic genes. (nih.gov)
- PREF-1 was increased at day 0 whilst adiponectin was higher at day 15 indicating EV protein content reflects the stage of adipogenesis of the cell. (cardiffmet.ac.uk)
Osteogenesis3
- Despite the fact that the balance has been comprehensively scrutinized between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and between chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, few reviews discuss the relationship between chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. (springer.com)
- The current study demonstrated that MEG3 was downregulated during adipogenesis and upregulated during osteogenesis of hASCs. (deepdyve.com)
- Moreover, miR-140-5p was upregulated during adipogenesis and downregulated during osteogenesis in hASCs, which was negatively correlated with MEG3. (deepdyve.com)
Vivo6
- Comparing with cells from other lineage, the in vitro differentiation of fat cells is authentic and recapitulates most of the characteristic feature of in vivo adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- B ) Wnt-1 blocks adipogenesis in vivo. (sciencemag.org)
- The effects of HA on adipogenesis were investigated in vitro in 3T3-L1 cells and in vivo in high-fat diet-feeding C57BL/6J mice. (nature.com)
- STAT5A expression in Swiss 3T3 cells promotes adipogenesis in vivo in an athymic mice model system. (semanticscholar.org)
- E2F repression by C/EBPalpha is required for adipogenesis and granulopoiesis in vivo. (ox.ac.uk)
- Adipogenesis in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Insulin5
- Our findings suggest that insulin resistance is associated with an impaired adipogenesis. (nih.gov)
- An inhibitory effect of resveratrol in the mitotic clonal expansion and insulin signaling pathway in the early phase of adipogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)
- Concomitantly, resveratrol inhibited insulin signaling pathway in the early phase of adipogenesis. (oregonstate.edu)
- ProF binds to the transcription factor Foxo1 (Forkhead box O1), a negative regulator of insulin action and adipogenesis, and facilitates the phosphorylation and thus inactivation of Foxo1 by Akt. (embopress.org)
- FOXO1 is a transcription factor that plays important roles in regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis by insulin signaling, and is also central to the decision for a preadipocyte to commit to adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Fibroblasts4
- The bHLH protein O/E-1 has been shown to promote adipogenesis in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. (bidmc.org)
- In this study, we have used compound E2F and pocket protein mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts to dissect the role of these proteins in adipogenesis. (pnas.org)
- Here we demonstrate the measurement of adipogenesis over the course of differentiation from mouse fibroblasts, using the HCS LipidTOX Green Neutral Lipid Stain in both live and fixed cells. (thermofisher.com)
- Additionally, embryonic fibroblasts derived from Akt1/Akt2 double knockout mice show impaired adipogenesis and also decreased Foxo1 phosphorylation and inactivation ( Peng et al , 2003 ). (embopress.org)
Inhibitory1
- The inhibitory effect of CD8+ T cells on beige adipogenesis was reversed by blockade of IFN-γ. (jci.org)
Vitro adipogenesis3
- In vitro adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells was inhibited by treating them with exogenous hyaluronidase (HYAL) and with 4-methylumbelliferone, which inhibited the synthesis of HA in a concentration-dependent manner. (nature.com)
- Moreover, Fyn expression increases progressively in 3T3-L1 cells during in vitro adipogenesis, which correlates with its kinase activity. (semanticscholar.org)
- Regulation of in vitro adipogenesis by estradiol. (ox.ac.uk)
Beige adipogenesis4
- Here, we demonstrate enhanced energy dissipation in Rag1-/- mice, increased catecholaminergic input to subcutaneous WAT, and significant beige adipogenesis. (jci.org)
- Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that CD8+ T cell deficiency accounts for the enhanced beige adipogenesis in Rag1-/- mice. (jci.org)
- Consistently, we identified that CD8-/- mice also presented with enhanced beige adipogenesis. (jci.org)
- Compositions and methods for white to beige adipogenesis" by Denise Ratzlaff Cooper, Ryan Adam Kirchoffer et al. (usf.edu)
Regulate adipogenesis2
- This review focuses on the cytokines currently known to regulate adipogenesis under physiological and pathophysiological circumstances. (springer.com)
- These results implicate DDX5 as a crucial factor involved in the complex transcriptional cascade of events that regulate adipogenesis and essential to the initiation of adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein3
- This finding definitively separates the known, positive role of pRB in adipogenesis from its cell cycle function and shows that this pocket protein is required to act downstream of E2F4 in the differentiation process. (pnas.org)
- In addition, the extracellular matrix (ECM) was found to be involved in adipogenesis through changes in protein composition and dynamics. (nature.com)
- Downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-BL represses adipogenesis. (ru.nl)
Brown and white adipogenesis1
- Methods: We performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and RNA-seq to depict a genome-wide integrative view of the DNA methylome and transcriptome during brown and white adipogenesis. (ntu.edu.sg)
Pathway3
- Ursolic acid inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis through the LKB1/AMPK pathway. (plos.org)
- The transcription factors involved in adipogenesis are shown in the current pathway. (wikipathways.org)
- Activation of the Wnt signalling pathway has inhibited adipogenesis from precursor cells. (nih.gov)
Subcutaneous4
- Here, we show that CD44 expression is required for subcutaneous adipogenesis, whereas RHAMM expression suppresses this process. (rsc.org)
- We designed RHAMM function blocking peptides to promote subcutaneous adipogenesis as a clinical and tissue engineering tool. (rsc.org)
- Blocking RHAMM function by peptide injection or topical application is a novel and minimally invasive method for potentially promoting subcutaneous adipogenesis in lipodystrophic diseases and a complementary tool to subcutaneous fat augmentation techniques. (rsc.org)
- The hypothesis that maintenance of normal subcutaneous (SC) adipogenesis accounts, at least partially, for this protective phenotype and whether it can be abrogated by chronic exposure to IL-6 was investigated. (springer.com)
Proteins in adipogenesis1
- Functional studies of the role of O/E proteins in adipogenesis. (bidmc.org)
Initiation of adipogenesis1
- Phosphorylation of Akt at 1 h after the initiation of adipogenesis was inhibited by the treatment with baicalein. (nih.gov)
Angiogenesis and adipogenesis1
- Adipose-derived stromal cell supplementation resulted in a quantitative difference in angiogenesis and adipogenesis during adipose remodeling according to the concentration of adipose-derived stromal cells. (ovid.com)
Metabolism2
- The present study was carried out to further investigate the effects of this plant on lipid metabolism, lipolysis, and adipogenesis, in diabetic rats. (hindawi.com)
- These data suggested FALP might be involved in fatty acid metabolism during adipogenesis. (openthesis.org)
Lipolysis2
- In conclusion, S. securidaca decreases lipolysis and adipogenesis without cytotoxicity, which makes it a good candidate for management of dyslipidemia and reduction of cardiovascular risks in diabetes. (hindawi.com)
- We examined the effects of 4- and 8-week β-GPA feeding on serum myostatin levels and expression of genes and proteins related to adipogenesis, lipolysis, and liposynthesis in epididymal WAT (eWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in 3-week-old, juvenile male mice. (readbyqxmd.com)
Stimulation1
- Nrf2 -/- MEFs showed markedly accelerated adipogenesis upon stimulation, while Keap1 -/- MEFs (which exhibit higher NRF2 signaling) differentiated slowly compared to their congenic wild-type MEFs. (elsevier.com)
Affect adipogenesis1
- We hypothesized that the regulation of hyaluronic acid (HA), a component of the ECM, can affect adipogenesis in fat cells. (nature.com)
Chromatin1
- Transcriptional networks and chromatin remodeling controlling adipogenesis. (wikipathways.org)
Regulation3
- Evidence suggests that adipogenesis is one of the biological events involved in the regulation of cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. (springer.com)
- These results suggest that ISL1 is intimately involved in early regulation of adipogenesis, modulating PPARgamma expression and activity via BMP4-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (garvan.org.au)
- Positive regulation of DNA double strand break repair activity during differentiation of long life span cells: the example of adipogenesis. (inserm.fr)
Regulates3
- Fyn regulates adipogenesis by promoting PIKE-A/STAT5a interaction. (semanticscholar.org)
- FOXO1 negatively regulates adipogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
- In the currently accepted model, FOXO1 negatively regulates adipogenesis by binding to the promoter sites of PPARG and preventing its transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Transcriptional cascade1
- We are performing both gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments designed to place O/E-1 and other O/E isoforms in the transcriptional cascade leading to adipogenesis. (bidmc.org)
Mechanisms1
- However, the mechanisms regulating the Aktādependent phosphorylation of Foxo1 and thus adipogenesis remain largely unknown to date. (embopress.org)
Markedly1
- MacroH2A1.2 overexpression markedly inhibited adipogenesis, while overexpression of macroH2A1.1 had opposite effects. (biomedcentral.com)