Adenylate kinase. Medical search

An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of AMP to ADP in the presence of ATP or inorganic triphosphate. EC 2.7.4.3.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

One of the virulence factors produced by virulent BORDETELLA organisms. It is a bifunctional protein with both ADENYLYL CYCLASES and hemolysin components.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversible reactions of a nucleoside triphosphate, e.g., ATP, with a nucleoside monophosphate, e.g., UMP, to form ADP and UDP. Many nucleoside monophosphates can act as acceptor while many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donor. EC 2.7.4.4.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A multi-function neuropeptide that acts throughout the body by elevating intracellular cyclic AMP level via its interaction with PACAP RECEPTORS. Although first isolated from hypothalamic extracts and named for its action on the pituitary, it is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. PACAP is important in the control of endocrine and homeostatic processes, such as secretion of pituitary and gut hormones and food intake.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A group of compounds which consist of a nucleotide molecule to which an additional nucleoside is attached through the phosphate molecule(s). The nucleotide can contain any number of phosphates.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-(4,6,8,8-tetrahydroxy-3,5,7-trioxa-4,6,8-triphosphaoct-1-yl)thiazolium hydroxide, inner salt, P,P',P''-trioxide. The triphosphate ester of thiamine. In Leigh's disease, this compound is present in decreased amounts in the brain due to a metabolic block in its formation.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase. A phosphotransferase that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the presence of ATP. It has four isozymes (L, R, M1, and M2). Deficiency of the enzyme results in hemolytic anemia. EC 2.7.1.40.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A family of serine-threonine kinases that bind to and are activated by MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS such as RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS and CDC42 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN. They are intracellular signaling kinases that play a role the regulation of cytoskeletal organization.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.

A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

Inorganic salts of hydrofluoric acid, HF, in which the fluorine atom is in the -1 oxidation state. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Sodium and stannous salts are commonly used in dentifrices.

A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

An enzyme that is found in mitochondria and in the soluble cytoplasm of cells. It catalyzes reversible reactions of a nucleoside triphosphate, e.g., ATP, with a nucleoside diphosphate, e.g., UDP, to form ADP and UTP. Many nucleoside diphosphates can act as acceptor, while many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donor. EC 2.7.4.6.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that initiate protein kinase signaling cascades. They phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKs) which in turn phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

Stable oxygen atoms that have the same atomic number as the element oxygen, but differ in atomic weight. O-17 and 18 are stable oxygen isotopes.

A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group onto a phosphate group acceptor. EC 2.7.4.

A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An abundant 43-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase subtype with specificity for MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 1 and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 3.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase with specificity for JNK MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; P38 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and the RETINOID X RECEPTORS. It takes part in a SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway that is activated in response to cellular stress.

Electrophoresis in which a starch gel (a mixture of amylose and amylopectin) is used as the diffusion medium.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

A group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group onto an alcohol group acceptor. EC 2.7.1.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidylinositol (PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS) to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, the first committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

A family of cell cycle-dependent kinases that are related in structure to CDC28 PROTEIN KINASE; S CEREVISIAE; and the CDC2 PROTEIN KINASE found in mammalian species.

A glycogen synthase kinase that was originally described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism. It regulates a diverse array of functions such as CELL DIVISION, microtubule function and APOPTOSIS.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A protein serine-threonine kinase that catalyzes the PHOSPHORYLATION of I KAPPA B PROTEINS. This enzyme also activates the transcription factor NF-KAPPA B and is composed of alpha and beta catalytic subunits, which are protein kinases and gamma, a regulatory subunit.

A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. They are involved in many aspects of cell division, including centrosome duplication, SPINDLE APPARATUS formation, chromosome alignment, attachment to the spindle, checkpoint activation, and CYTOKINESIS.

A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A ubiquitously expressed protein kinase that is involved in a variety of cellular SIGNAL PATHWAYS. Its activity is regulated by a variety of signaling protein tyrosine kinase.

A cytoplasmic serine threonine kinase involved in regulating CELL DIFFERENTIATION and CELLULAR PROLIFERATION. Overexpression of this enzyme has been shown to promote PHOSPHORYLATION of BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and chemoresistance in human acute leukemia cells.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

A study of the genetical structure of the Cuban population: red cell and serum biochemical markers. (1/864)

Gene frequencies of several red cell and serum gentic markers were determined in the three main racial groups--whites, mulattoes and Negroes--of the Cuban population. The results were used to estimate the relative contribution of Caucasian and Negro genes to the genetic makeup of these three groups and to calculate the frequencies of these genes in the general Cuban population. (+info)

Changes in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity and adenylate energy charge of regenerating rabbit liver. (2/864)

The changes in the cellular concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP and in oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria were investigated in the remaining liver of partially hepatectomized rabbits. The energy charge (defined as half of the average number of anhydride-bonded phosphate groups per adenosine moiety) of the liver remnant decreased from 0.866 to 0.767 (p less than 0.01) within 24 hr after hepatectomy, and then increased to a substantially higher level than normal within 7 days. On the other hand, the mitochondrial phosphyorylative activity increased rapidly to 170 per cent of the control within 12 hr and then retruned to normal within 7 days. The mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was inversely correlated with energy charge of the liver remnant (r = -0.75, p less less than 0.01). The maximal enhancement of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was found in mitochondria obtained from the liver remnant with the lowest level of energy charge, suggesting a response of mitochondria in vivo involving enhanced biosynthetic ATP-utilizing reactions at an early stage of the regenerating process. The enhancement of phosphorylative activity was accompanied by a rise in the respiratory control ratio, P/O ratio and state 3 respiration. The adenylate kinase [EC 2.7.4.3] activity in the liver remnant increased to more than 160% of the control within 2 days after partial hepatectomy, while the pyruvate kinase [EC 2.7.1.40] activity decreased remarkably. However, the changes in the two enzyme activities did not correlate with those of mitochondrial phosphorylative activity or the energy charge of the liver remnant. (+info)

Identification of a novel human adenylate kinase. cDNA cloning, expression analysis, chromosome localization and characterization of the recombinant protein. (3/864)

Adenylate kinases have an important role in the synthesis of adenine nucleotides that are required for cellular metabolism. We report the cDNA cloning of a novel 22-kDa human enzyme that is sequence related to the human adenylate kinases and to UMP/CMP kinase of several species. The enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to catalyse phosphorylation of AMP and dAMP with ATP as phosphate donor. When GTP was used as phosphate donor, the enzyme phosphorylated AMP, CMP, and to a small extent dCMP. Expression as a fusion protein with the green fluorescent protein showed that the enzyme is located in the cytosol. Northern blot analysis with mRNA from eight different human tissues demonstrated that the enzyme was expressed exclusively in brain, with two mRNA isoforms of 2.4 and 4.0 kb. The gene that encoded the enzyme was localized to chromosome 1p31. Based on the substrate specificity and the sequence similarity with the previously identified human adenylate kinases, we have named this novel enzyme adenylate kinase 5. (+info)

Release of adenylate kinase 2 from the mitochondrial intermembrane space during apoptosis. (4/864)

The release of two mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), into the soluble cytoplasm of cells undergoing apoptosis is well established. Using spectrophotometric determination of enzyme activity, the accumulation of adenylate kinase (AK) activity in the cytosolic fraction of apoptotic cells has also been observed recently. However, three isozymes, AK1, AK2 and AK3, have been characterized in mammalian cells and shown to be localized in the cytosol, mitochondrial intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix, respectively, and it is unknown which one of these isozymes accumulates in the cytosol during apoptosis. We now demonstrate that in apoptotic cells only AK2 was translocated into the cytosol concomitantly with cytochrome c. The amount of AK1 in cytosol, as well as the amount of matrix-associated AK3, remained unchanged during the apoptotic process. Thus, our data suggest that only intermembrane proteins are released from mitochondria during the early phase of the apoptotic process. (+info)

Inhibition of ATPase, GTPase and adenylate kinase activities of the second nucleotide-binding fold of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by genistein. (5/864)

In the presence of ATP, genistein, like the ATP analogue adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate (pp[NH]pA), increases cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride currents by prolonging open times. As pp[NH]pA is thought to increase CFTR currents by interfering with ATP hydrolysis at the second nucleotide-binding fold (NBF-2), the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of genistein on a fusion protein comprising maltose-binding protein (MBP) and NBF-2 (MBP-NBF-2). MBP-NBF-2 exhibited ATPase, GTPase and adenylate kinase activities that were inhibited by genistein in a partial non-competitive manner with respect to ATP or GTP. Ki values for competitive and uncompetitive inhibition were respectively 20 microM and 63 microM for ATPase, 15 microM and 54 microM for GTPase, and 46 microM and 142 microM for adenylate kinase. For ATPase activity, genistein reduced Vmax by 29% and Vmax/Km by 77%. Additional evidence for complex-formation between genistein and MBP-NBF-2 was obtained by the detection of genistein-dependent alterations in the CD spectrum of MBP-NBF-2 that were consistent with the formation of a higher-ordered state. Addition of MBP-NBF-2 increased the fluorescence intensity of genistein, consistent with a change to a less polar environment. pp[NH]pA partially eliminated this enhanced fluorescence of genistein. These observations provide the first direct biochemical evidence that genistein interacts with CFTR, thus inhibiting NBF-2 activity, and suggest a similar mechanism for genistein-dependent stimulation of CFTR chloride currents. (+info)

Volume overload hypertrophy of the newborn heart slows the maturation of enzymes involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. (6/864)

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of volume overload hypertrophy in the newborn heart on the cardiac enzymes controlling fatty acid metabolism. BACKGROUND: Shortly after birth, a rise in 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity results in the phosphorylation and inhibition of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACC), and a decline in myocardial malonyl CoA levels with increased fatty acid oxidation rates. Whether the early onset of hypertrophy in the newborn heart alters this maturational increase in fatty acid oxidation is unknown. METHODS: Newborn piglets underwent endovascular stenting of the ductus arteriosus on day 1 of life with a 4.5-mm diameter stent, resulting in a left to right shunt, and left ventricular (LV) volume loading. Left ventricular and right ventricular samples from fetal, newborn, three-week control and three-week stented animals were compared. RESULTS: Stenting resulted in echocardiographic evidence of volume overload and myocardial hypertrophy. In control animals, left ventricular ACC activity declined from 274 +/- 30 pmol/mg/min on day 1 to 115 +/- 12 after three weeks (p < 0.05), but did not display this maturation drop in hypertrophied hearts, remaining elevated (270 +/- 50 pmol/mg/min, p < 0.05). At three weeks, malonyl CoA levels remained 2.8-fold higher in hypertrophied hearts than in control hearts. In control hearts, LV AMPK activity increased 178% between day 1 and three weeks, whereas in hypertrophied hearts AMPK activity at three weeks was only 71% of control values, due to a significant decrease in expression of the catalytic subunit of AMPK. CONCLUSIONS: Early onset LV volume overload with hypertrophy results in a delay in the normal maturation of fatty acid oxidation in the newborn heart. (+info)

Adenylate kinase-catalyzed phosphotransfer in the myocardium : increased contribution in heart failure. (7/864)

Although the downregulation of creatine kinase activity has been associated with heart failure, creatine kinase-deficient transgenic hearts have a preserved contractile function. This suggests the existence of alternative phosphotransfer pathways in the myocardium, the identity of which is still unknown. In this study, we examined the contribution of adenylate kinase-catalyzed phosphotransfer to myocardial energetics. In the isolated mitochondria/actomyosin system, which possesses endogenous adenylate kinase activity in both compartments, substrates for adenylate kinase promoted the rate and amplitude of actomyosin contraction that was further enhanced by purified adenylate kinase. Inhibition of adenylate kinase activity diminished both actomyosin contraction and mitochondrial respiration, which indicated reduced energy flow between mitochondria and myofibrils. In intact myocardium, the net adenylate kinase-catalyzed phosphotransfer rate was 10% of the total ATP turnover rate as measured by 18O-phosphoryl labeling in conjunction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In pacing-induced failing heart, adenylate kinase-catalyzed phosphotransfer increased by 134% and contributed 21% to the total ATP turnover. Concomitantly, the contribution by creatine kinase dropped from 89% in normal hearts to 40% in failing hearts. These phosphotransfer changes were associated with reduced levels of metabolically active ATP but maintained overall ATP turnover rate. Thus, this study provides evidence that adenylate kinase facilitates the transfer of high-energy phosphoryls and signal communication between mitochondria and actomyosin in cardiac muscle, with an increased contribution to cellular phosphotransfer in heart failure. This phosphotransfer function renders adenylate kinase an important component for optimal myocardial bioenergetics and a compensatory mechanism in response to impaired intracellular energy flux in the failing heart. (+info)

Experimental study on firearm wound in maxillofacial region. (8/864)

OBJECTIVE: To make clear the range of firearm wound in the maxillofacial region, the optical repair time and the characteristics of accompanied indirect brain damage, and to offer the principle of emergency treatment and the early repair of war wound. METHODS: With the aid of the standard Sweden model, 200 dogs were used in the experiment. Varies tissues around the primary canal were harvested chronologically, in different zone and different tissue, for histopathological examination. RESULTS: The necrotic range of various tissues in the maxillofacial region was less than that in the extremities. In the maxillofacial region, there was a significant temporary cavity following the passing of bullet, which caused indirect brain damages. CONCLUSION: These findings are helpful to the treatment of war wound in the maxillofacial region. Early bone transplantation using microvascular anastomosis in the treatment of gunshot wound in the maxillofacial region is recommendable. (+info)

Adenylate kinase 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AK3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a GTP:ATP ... "Entrez Gene: Adenylate kinase 3". Retrieved 2017-05-19. PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK3

"Entrez Gene: AK2 adenylate kinase 2". Bruns GA, Regina VM (1977). "Adenylate kinase 2, a mitochondrial enzyme". Biochem. Genet ... 1998). "Cloning and expression of human adenylate kinase 2 isozymes: differential expression of adenylate kinase 1 and 2 in ... Adenylate kinase 2 is an enzyme that is encoded in humans by the AK2 gene. The AK2 protein is found in the intermembrane space ... Three isozymes of adenylate kinase, namely 1, 2, and 3, have been identified in vertebrates; this gene encodes isozyme 2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK2

SLC40A1 Hemolytic anemia due to adenylate kinase deficiency; 612631; AK1 Hemolytic anemia due to gamma-glutamylcysteine ... response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in; 211980; EGFR Nonsmall cell lung cancer, somatic; 211980; IRF1 Nonsmall cell lung ... response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in; 211980; EGFR Adenocarcinoma of lung, somatic; 211980; BRAF Adenocarcinoma of lung, ... GALNT3 Tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency; 611521; TYK2 Tyrosinemia type II; 277660; TAT Tyrosinemia type III; 276710; HPD Ullrich ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

"Identification of a novel adenylate kinase system in the brain: cloning of the fourth adenylate kinase". Brain Res. Mol. Brain ... Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 4, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AK4 gene. This gene encodes a member ... of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes. The encoded protein is localized to the mitochondrial matrix. Adenylate kinases ... Five isozymes of adenylate kinase have been identified in vertebrates. Expression of these isozymes is tissue-specific and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK3L1

KP6107 by screening based on adenylate kinase assay". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 53 (7): 581-9. doi:10.1002/jobm.201200045 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_isolates

Kaur H, Lakatos-Karoly A, Vogel R, Nöll A, Tampé R, Glaubitz C (2016). "Coupled ATPase-adenylate kinase activity in ABC ... on real-time 31P-MAS-NMR they found that the homodimeric lipid A flippase MsbA is able to catalyze a reverse adenylate kinase- ... The kinase Tbk1 was identified as important for mediating optineurin based xenophagy to remove the bacteria from the infected ... "The leukemogenic AF4-MLL fusion protein causes P-TEFb kinase activation and altered epigenetic signatures". Leukemia. 25 (1): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_of_Excellence_Frankfurt_Macromolecular_Complexes

KP6107 by screening based on adenylate kinase assay". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 53 (7): 581-9. doi:10.1002/jobm.201200045 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niphimycin

Townley R, Shapiro L (March 2007). "Crystal structures of the adenylate sensor from fission yeast AMP-activated protein kinase ... These standalone CBS domain proteins might form complexes upon binding to other proteins such as kinases to which they interact ... voltage gated chloride channels and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CBS domains regulate the activity of associated ... "Structural basis for AMP binding to mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase". Nature. 449 (7161): 496-500. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_domain

Vieille C; Krishnamurthy H; Hyun HH; Savchenko A; Yan H; Zeikus JG (June 2003). "Thermotoga neapolitana adenylate kinase is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermotoga_neapolitana

... has been found to interact with Adenylate Kinase 2, Artemin, and Importin 13. The human protein has two isoforms and no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SH3D21

Similarly, nucleoside-monophosphate kinase carries out the phosphorylation of nucleoside-monophosphates. Adenylate kinase is a ... AMP and GMP can then be converted into ATP and GTP, respectively, by kinases that add additional phosphates. ATP stimulates ... is catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate kinase, which uses ATP as the phosphate donor. ... specific nucleoside-monophosphate kinase that functions only on adenosine-monophosphate. Carbohydrate metabolism DNA Nucleic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_metabolism

... is caused by mutations in the gene encoding mitochondrial adenylate kinase 2". Nature Genetics. 41 (1): 101-105. doi:10.1038/ng ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_dysgenesis

The quick energy sources consist of the phosphocreatine (PCr) system, fast glycolysis, and adenylate kinase. All of these ... but the most readily depleted of the above sources is the PCr system which utilizes the enzyme creatine kinase. This enzyme ... resource is short lasting because oxygen is required for the resynthesis of phosphocreatine via mitochondrial creatine kinase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_physiology

... an adenylate kinase from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii". Acta Crystallographica Section F. 69 (11): 1272-1274. doi:10.1107/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanocaldococcus_jannaschii

Using a mixture of adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase, the deoxyadenosine monophosphate was selectively converted to dATP. ... adenylate kinase, and pyruvate kinase. The synthesis starts with the heat denaturation of DNA followed by treatment with DNase ... such as adenosine kinase and deoxycytidine kinase. Deoxycytidine administered intravenously has also been used as an ADA ... "Restoration of adenosine deaminase-deficient human thymocyte development in vitro by inhibition of deoxynucleoside kinases". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyadenosine_triphosphate

"The crystal structure of phosphoribulokinase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides reveals a fold similar to that of adenylate kinase". ... 5-phosphoribulose kinase, ribulose phosphate kinase, PKK, PRuK, and PRK. Berg, Jeremy M.; Tymoczko, John L.; Gatto, Jr., ... The RsPRK subunit exhibits a protein folding analogous to the folding of nucleotide monophosphate (NMP) kinases. Mutagenesis ... Miziorko HM, Eckstein F (November 1984). "The stereochemical course of the ribulose-5-phosphate kinase-catalyzed reaction". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoribulokinase

... mitochondrial creatine kinase and adenylate translocator display properties of the permeability transition pore. Implication ... for regulation of permeability transition by the kinases". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1368 (1): 7-18. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_permeability_transition_pore

Superoxide dismutase, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), ferredoxin, adenylate kinase and NADH:ferredoxin oxido-reductase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenosome

1989). "Regional assignment of the loci for adenylate kinase to 9q32 and for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein to 9q31-q32. A locus for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORM1

"Characterization of human adenylate kinase 3 (AK3) cDNA and mapping of the AK3 pseudogene to an intron of the NF1 gene". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EVI2B

Ammonia levels may rise given ammonia is a by-product of the adenylate kinase pathway, an alternative pathway for ATP ... The enzyme phosphorylase kinase plays a role in phosphorylating glycogen phosphorylase to activate it and another enzyme, ... This is due to the lack of normal pH fall during exercise, which impairs the creatine kinase equilibrium and exaggerates the ... Ser-14 is modified by phosphorylase kinase during activation of the enzyme. Lys-680 is involved in binding the pyridoxal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_storage_disease_type_V

Since the adenylate kinase maintains two ADP molecules in equilibrium with one ATP ( 2 ADP ↽ − − ⇀ ATP + AMP {\displaystyle {\ ... Chapman AG, Atkinson DE (December 1973). "Stabilization of adenylate energy charge by the adenylate deaminase reaction". The ... and by adenylate kinase, an enzyme that maintains the three adenine nucleotides in equilibrium ( ATP + AMP ↽ − − ⇀ 2 ADP {\ ... The adenylate energy charge is an index used to measure the energy status of biological cells. ATP or Mg-ATP is the principal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_charge

... α2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase (via Gi), decreasing the activity of protein kinase A (PKA); β receptors activate ... The G-protein receptor can affect the function of adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C, an agonist of the receptor will ... increasing the activity of protein kinase C (PKC); ... adenylate cyclase (via Gs), thus increasing the activity of PKA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_agonist

Van Rompay AR, Johansson M, Karlsson A (1999). "Identification of a novel human adenylate kinase. cDNA cloning, expression ... Adenosine kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADK gene. This gene encodes adenosine kinase, an abundant enzyme ... Spychala J, Datta NS, Takabayashi K, Datta M, Fox IH, Gribbin T, Mitchell BS (Mar 1996). "Cloning of human adenosine kinase ... Singh B, Lin A, Wu ZC, Gupta RS (2001). "Gene structure for adenosine kinase in Chinese hamster and human: high-frequency ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADK_(gene)

Kalckar resumed his friendship with Colowick, and they collaborated to work on the enzyme adenylate kinase in 1942, which they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Kalckar

This is due to the basic pH in the stroma, where the reaction occurs, as well as high concentrations of adenylate kinase and ... However, pyruvate kinase catalyses an irreversible reaction, and does not consume ATP. By contrast, PPDK catalyses a reversible ... Research has shown that the PPDK binding mechanisms are similar to that of D-Ala-D-Ala ligase and pyruvate kinase. In ... Evolutionary history suggests that it once had a role in glycolysis like the similar pyruvate kinase, and eventually evolved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyruvate,_phosphate_dikinase

When the glucose concentration is high, EIIA is mostly dephosphorylated and this allows it to inhibit adenylate cyclase, ... glycerol kinase, lactose permease, and maltose permease. Thus, as well as the PEP group translocation system being an efficient ... For example, at low glucose concentrations phosphorylated EIIA accumulates and this activates membrane-bound adenylate cyclase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEP_group_translocation

... and increases the activity of adenylate kinase in rat brains. Piracetam, while in the brain, appears to increase the synthesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracetam

... beta-adrenergic receptor-coupled adenylate cyclase, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activities of cardiac sarcolemmal ... Amino acids are initially adenylated by an "adenylylation" (A) domain before being attached by a thioester bond to an Acyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamethicin

Barcova M, Speth C, Kacani L, Uberall F, Stoiber H, Dierich MP (Mar 1999). "Involvement of adenylate cyclase and p70(S6)-kinase ... "Entrez Gene: ADCY3 adenylate cyclase 3". "Gene Cards: ADCY3 Gene". Retrieved 2012-12-30. Human ADCY3 genome location and ADCY3 ... "Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo". The Journal of ... "Phosphorylation and inhibition of olfactory adenylyl cyclase by CaM kinase II in Neurons: a mechanism for attenuation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADCY3

An example is adenylate cyclase, which produces the second messenger cyclic AMP.[9] For this discovery, they won the 1994 Nobel ... cAMP can then act as a second messenger that goes on to interact with and activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can ... The 1971 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Earl Sutherland for discovering the key role of adenylate cyclase, which ... Tolkovsky AM, Levitzki A (1978). "Mode of coupling between the beta-adrenergic receptor and adenylate cyclase in turkey ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein

In enzymology, a homoserine kinase (EC 2.7.1.39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... Other names in common use include homoserine kinase (phosphorylating), and HSK. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and ... Homoserine kinase". J. Biochem. 44 (5): 299-307. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126756.. ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homoserine_kinase&oldid=1088058586" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoserine_kinase

... monophosphate and fluoride as adenylate kinase inhibitors in the creatine kinase assay". Clin. Chem. 22 (7): 1078-83. PMID ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenozin-monofosfat

2.7.10-2.7.13: protein kinase. (PO4; protein acceptor). 2.7.10: protein-tyrosine. *see tyrosine kinases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_deoxynucleotidyl_transferase

The activated OR in turn activates the intracellular G-protein, GOLF (GNAL), adenylate cyclase and production of cyclic AMP ( ... "Phosphorylation and inhibition of olfactory adenylyl cyclase by CaM kinase II in Neurons: a mechanism for attenuation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_receptor_neuron

The lipophilic diacylglycerol remains in the membrane, acting as a cofactor for the activation of protein kinase C. These ... "Metabotropic glutamate receptors negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and ... protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated endocytic trafficking". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 287 (39): 32354-66. doi:10.1074/ ... "mGluR1-mediated potentiation of NMDA receptors involves a rise in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor

Involvement of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Gene Expression". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1053 (1): 84 ... "Heterologous Upregulation of Nerve Growth Factor-TrkA Receptors in PC12 Cells by Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Lazarovici

In the third intracellular loop of the receptor a protein kinase A and protein kinase c phosphorylation motifs have been ... study of ACTH binding and coupling to adenylate cyclase". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 129 (1): 83-90. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTH_receptor

cAMP binds to and activates protein kinase A (PKA). PKA phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase, which in turn phosphorylates ... Glucagon activates adenylate cyclase through a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) coupled to Gs which in turn activates ... Glycogen phosphorylase kinase activates glycogen phosphorylase in the same manner mentioned previously. Glycogen phosphorylase ... The increased calcium availability binds to the calmodulin subunit and activates glycogen phosphorylase kinase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_phosphorylase

Nutrient sensors of the mammalian species, in particular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK has been suggested as a ... Proteins involved in the SCN pathway (Prokineticin 2 (PK2), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food-entrainable_oscillator

Moreover, ubiquitination can also act to turn on/off the kinase activity of a protein. The critical role of phosphorylation is ... The initial step involves production of a ubiquitin-adenylate intermediate. The E1 binds both ATP and ubiquitin and catalyses ... Cbl is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a RING finger domain that interacts with its tyrosine kinase binding (TKB) domain, ... SKP2 targets p27Kip-1, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs2/4 partner with the cyclins E/D, respectively, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin

In humans it consists of 351 amino acids that are encoded in chromosome 4. Its main function here is as an adenylate cyclase ... Binding of melatonin to the MT1 receptor leads to inhibition of cAMP production and Protein Kinase A (PKA). While activation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin_receptor

AMP can be regenerated to ATP as follows: AMP + ATP → 2 ADP (adenylate kinase in the opposite direction) ADP + Pi → ATP (this ... AMP binds to the γ-subunit of AMPK, leading to the activation of the kinase, and then eventually a cascade of other processes ... AMP can also exist as a cyclic structure known as cyclic AMP (or cAMP). Within certain cells the enzyme adenylate cyclase makes ... Faubert B, Vincent EE, Poffenberger MC, Jones RG (January 2015). "The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cancer: many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate

CoA is a competitive inhibitor for Pantothenate Kinase, which normally binds ATP. Coenzyme A, three ADP, one monophosphate, and ... phosphopantetheine is adenylated (or more properly, AMPylated) to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl ... dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase (COASY, DPCK; CoaE). This final step ... phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase (PanK; CoaA; CoaX). This is the committed step in CoA biosynthesis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_A

Protein kinase A (PKA) has been found to play an important role in learning and memory in Drosophila. When calcium enters a ... dual regulation of adenylate cyclase by Ca2+/calmodulin and transmitter". The Journal of Neuroscience. 11 (9): 2655-65. doi: ... "Preferential expression in mushroom bodies of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A and its role in learning and memory". ... cell and binds with calmodulin, it stimulates adenylate cyclase (AC), which is encoded by the rutabaga gene (rut). This AC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_bodies

Some research suggests that this chronic desensitization is due to the over activation of a kinase, G protein-coupled receptor ... The individual subunits of the G protein complex were first identified in 1980 when the regulatory component of adenylate ... Stephens L, Smrcka A, Cooke FT, Jackson TR, Sternweis PC, Hawkins PT (April 1994). "A novel phosphoinositide 3 kinase activity ... Brandt DR, Ross EM (January 1985). "GTPase activity of the stimulatory GTP-binding regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase, Gs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_beta-gamma_complex

The synthetase first binds ATP and the corresponding amino acid (or its precursor) to form an aminoacyl-adenylate, releasing ... "Phosphorylation of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 dictates transcript-selective translational ... inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). The adenylate-aaRS complex then binds the appropriate tRNA molecule's D arm, and the amino acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase

... is a member of the protein-tyrosine kinase oncogene family. It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been ... Yaka R, He DY, Phamluong K, Ron D (March 2003). "Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP(1-38)) enhances N- ... This family also includes Abl, Src, focal adhesion kinase and Janus kinase.) Fyn is located downstream of several cell surface ... a kinase-inactive, dominant negative mutant form of Fyn (K299M); pharmacologic inhibitors of Src family kinases, such as PP2; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FYN

The most important action of PKA in regulating gluconeogenesis is the phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase which acts to ... This ligand binding causes the activation of adenylate cyclase, which causes the creation of cyclic AMP (cAMP). As the ... PKA also phosphorylates pyruvate kinase which causes an increase in intracellular levels of fructose 1,6-biphosphate and ... intracellular concentration of cAMP rises, protein kinase A (PKA) is activated and phosphorylates the transcription factor cAMP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_cell

These include extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. The ... and kappa-opioid receptor-mediated inhibition of neurotransmitter release and adenylate cyclase activity in rat brain slices: ... "Kappa-opioid receptor signals through Src and focal adhesion kinase to stimulate c-Jun N-terminal kinases in transfected COS-7 ... evidence for the involvement of protein kinase C and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Κ-opioid_receptor

... adenylate-uridylate-rich element mediated mRNA decay, and microRNA (miRNA) induced mRNA silencing. Not all mRNAs which enter P- ... "The Activity-Dependent Regulation of Protein Kinase Stability by the Localization to P-Bodies". Genetics. 203 (3): 1191-1202. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-bodies

Cyclic AMP acts by activating cAMP-sensitive pathways such as protein kinase A and EPAC1. Its derivatives include colforsin ... Forskolin is commonly used in laboratory research to increase levels of cyclic AMP by stimulation of adenylate cyclase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forskolin

NRGs bind to the ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors; they then form homodimers or heterodimers, often consisting of ... Lefkowitz RJ (September 1975). "Identification of adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors with radiolabeled beta- ... and can only bind to the extracellular domain of the ERBB4 receptor tyrosine kinase but not to the other members of the ERBB ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuregulin_3

... and protein kinase A (PKA). The coupling of the β2-receptor to adenylate cyclase is affected through a trimeric Gs protein, as ... Adenylate cyclase catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate into cAMP, which is a second messenger, thereby increasing ... shown in figure 2, consisting of an α-subunit (which stimulates adenylate cyclase) and βγ-subunits (which transduce other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_beta2_agonists

Adenylyl cyclase (also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylate cyclase) has been implicated in memory formation as a ... A large elevation of calcium levels activate protein kinases that ultimately increase the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors ... This cellular mechanism, through calcium-dependent adenylate cyclase activation, might also account for the detection of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coincidence_detection_in_neurobiology

adenylate kinase isoenzyme 5. Names. AK 5. ATP-AMP transphosphorylase 5. adenylate kinase 6. NP_036225.2. *EC 2.7.4.3 ... aden_kin_iso1; adenylate kinase, isozyme 1 subfamily. cd01428. Location:352 → 524. ADK; Adenylate kinase (ADK) catalyzes the ... aden_kin_iso1; adenylate kinase, isozyme 1 subfamily. cd01428. Location:378 → 550. ADK; Adenylate kinase (ADK) catalyzes the ... aden_kin_iso1; adenylate kinase, isozyme 1 subfamily. cd01428. Location:354 → 526. ADK; Adenylate kinase (ADK) catalyzes the ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/26289

5 different isozymes of adenylate kinase have been identified in vertebrates. The enzyme expression of various adenylate kinase ... Adenylate kinases-3 regulates the adenine and guanine nucleotide compositions within a cell by means of catalyzing the ... AK3L1 is an affiliate of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes. AK3L1 enzyme is restricted to the mitochondrial matrix. ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/ak3l1_antibody

Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenylate kinase complexed with two molecules of ADP and Mg ... ADENYLATE KINASE. A. 201. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: adk, Rv0733, MTV041.07. EC: 2.7.4.3. ... Crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenylate kinase complexed with two molecules of ADP and Mg. *PDB DOI: 10.2210/ ... The Crystal Structure of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Adenylate Kinase in Complex with Two Molecules of Adp and Mg2+ Supports an ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2cdn

... as substrate for crystalline adenylate kinases. Hoppe-Seylers Zeitschrift fuer physiologische Chemie, (1), 753-754. ...

https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemOverviewPage.jsp?itemId=item_2457275

In a previous study, Drosophila adenylate kinase isozyme 2 (Dak2) knockout was reported to cause developmental lethality at the ... A Potential Role of Adenylate Kinase Isozyme 2 in Neutrophil Differentiation. Differential Expression of Adenine Nucleotide ... and nucleoside diphosphate kinase isoform D (NDPK-D), have been found in IMS. Although these kinases generate ADP for ATP ... A Potential Role of Adenylate Kinase Isozyme 2 in Neutrophil Differentiation ...

https://repo.lib.tokushima-u.ac.jp/ja/list/t-authors/%E3%83%9F/60362/item/114179

"Adenylate Kinase/isolation & purification/*metabolism". Adenylate energy charge in Escherichia coli CR341T28 and properties of ... Escherichia coli strain CR341T28 will not grow at temperatures above 34 degrees C in liquid medium, and the adenylate kinase of ...

https://www.glembotskilab.org/tag/adenylate-kinase/isolation-purification/metabolism/

GP22414 AK2 Mouse Adenylate Kinase 2 Mouse Recombinant * GP22415 AK3L1 Human Adenylate Kinase-3 Like 1 Human Recombinant ... GP22412 AK2 Human Adenylate Kinase 2 Human Recombinant * ... GP22408 ADK Human Adenosine Kinase Human Recombinant * GP22409 ... GP22413 AK1 Mouse Adenylate Kinase 1 Mouse Recombinant * ... GP22410 ADK Mouse Adenosine Kinase Mouse Recombinant * GP22411 ... ADK Human, Active Adenosine Kinase Human Recombinant, Active * ... GP22416 AK4 Human Adenylate Kinase 4 Human Recombinant * ...

https://www.glpbio.cn/proteins/enzymes/adenylate-kinase.html

Adenylate kinase 4 modulates oxidative stress and stabilizes HIF-1α to drive lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Jan, Y. H., Lai, T ... Adenylate kinase 4 modulates oxidative stress and stabilizes HIF-1α to drive lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. *Yi Hua Jan ( ...

https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/datasets/adenylate-kinase-4-modulates-oxidative-stress-and-stabilizes-hif--2/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

Adenylate kinase AK1 knockout heart: Energetics and functional performance under ischemia-reperfusion. ... Dive into the research topics of Adenylate kinase AK1 knockout heart: Energetics and functional performance under ischemia- ...

https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/adenylate-kinase-ak1-knockout-heart-energetics-and-functional-per/fingerprints/

Adenylate kinase assay for cell viability. Adenylate kinase was measured using the Lonza Toxilight assay kit (cat. no. LT07-117 ... Adenylate kinase release. Adenylate kinase release (occurring during mitochondrial breakdown) is often used as an early marker ... The amount of adenylate kinase peaked at 17 days, and thereafter fell to low levels while the increase in the amount of APT ... 2E). In the 3D cultures the amount of adenylate kinase also increased in proportion to the cell number, but only up to day 13 ( ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2013/tx/c2tx20060k

Test ID AK1 Adenylate Kinase Enzyme Activity, Blood Specimen Required. Collection Container/Tube: ... In adenylate kinase deficiency, values are expected to be less than 30% of normal mean, although this value should be ... 6. Bianchi P, Zappa M, Bredi E, et al: A case of complete adenylate kinase deficiency due to a nonsense mutation in AK-1 gene ( ... 2. Rapley S, Harris H: Red cell adenylate kinase activity in AK1 and AK 2-1 phenotypes. Annals of Human Genetics. 1970;33:361- ...

https://pediatric.testcatalog.org/show/AK1

Crystal Structure of Adenylate Kinase Variant AKLSE3. Enzymatic activity of Crystal Structure of Adenylate Kinase Variant ... The structure of Crystal Structure of Adenylate Kinase Variant AKLSE3, PDB code: 3dl0 was solved by R.M.Bannen, C.M.Bianchetti ... Zinc binding site 1 out of 2 in the Crystal Structure of Adenylate Kinase Variant AKLSE3. Mono view Stereo pair view ... Zinc binding site 2 out of 2 in the Crystal Structure of Adenylate Kinase Variant AKLSE3. Mono view Stereo pair view ...

http://zinc.atomistry.com/pdb3dl0.html

Adenylate kinase. adk. 477. ATP synthase F1 subunit gamma. atpG. 447. Fumarate reductase iron-sulfur protein. frdB. 489. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/lab-manual/chpt12-molecular-typing-methods.html

265, 112-119]. In this work, the adenylate kinase (AK) of Y. pestis (AKyp) was characterized. As with TMPKyp, AKyp displayed a ... However, it was previously shown that its thymidylate kinase (TMPKyp) exhibits biochemical properties significantly different ... Nucleoside monophosphate kinases (NMPKs) are essential catalysts for bacterial growth and multiplication. These enzymes display ... 265, 112-119]. In this work, the adenylate kinase (AK) of Y. pestis (AKyp) was characterized. As with TMPKyp, AKyp displayed a ...

https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00167039

Adenylate Kinase, Sulphate Adenylyitransferase (ATP-sulphurylase) and Thiosulphate Sulphurtransferase (Rhodanese). Pertanika, 5 ... Penyiasatan fasa serum dari lateks Hevea brasiliensis mendalilkan kewujudan ketiga enzim yang beriku t: adenilat kinase EC 2.7. ...

http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/2145/

Changes in adenylate kinase isozyme activity in the ischemic rabbit heart. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1990 ... Changes in adenylate kinase isozyme activity in the ischemic rabbit heart. / Vitkevicius, K. T.; Dzeja, P. P. ... Vitkevicius, K. T. ; Dzeja, P. P. / Changes in adenylate kinase isozyme activity in the ischemic rabbit heart. In: Bulletin of ... Vitkevicius, K. T., & Dzeja, P. P. (1990). Changes in adenylate kinase isozyme activity in the ischemic rabbit heart. Bulletin ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/changes-in-adenylate-kinase-isozyme-activity-in-the-ischemic-rabb

Crystal Structure of A Stable Adenylate Kinase Variant AKLSE5 ... The structure of Crystal Structure of A Stable Adenylate Kinase ... Crystal Structure of A Stable Adenylate Kinase Variant AKLSE5. Enzymatic activity of Crystal Structure of A Stable Adenylate ... The structure of Crystal Structure of A Stable Adenylate Kinase Variant AKLSE5, PDB code: 4qbh was solved by S.Moon, E.Bae, ... Magnesium binding site 1 out of 2 in the Crystal Structure of A Stable Adenylate Kinase Variant AKLSE5. Mono view Stereo pair ...

http://magnesium.atomistry.com/pdb4qbh.html

Adenylate Kinase * Resveratrol Grant support * R01 GM068072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ... increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC- ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17086191/

Five isozymes of adenylate kinase have been identified in vertebrates. Expr ... Adenylate kinases are involved in regulating the adenine nucleotide composition within a cell by catalyzing the reversible ... AK2, CT (Adenylate Kinase Isoenzyme 2, AK 2, ATP-AMP Transphosphorylase 2, ADK2), IgG, Rabbit, Polyclonal ... AK2, CT (Adenylate Kinase Isoenzyme 2, AK 2, ATP-AMP Transphosphorylase 2, ADK2), IgG, Rabbit, Polyclonal. ...

https://labstore.ru/en/catalog/antitela-3/ak2-ct-adenylate-kinase-isoenzyme-2-ak-2-atp-amp-transphosphorylase-2-adk2-igg-rabbit-polyclonal/200-mkl/

Studies on three biochemical polymorphic systems; phosphoglucomutase (locus one)-PGM1, adenylate kinase-AK & ... Studies on three biochemical polymorphic systems; phosphoglucomutase (locus one)-PGM1, adenylate kinase-AK & ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/27738?locale=es

Adenylate kinase (Adk). P99062. 1.59 ↓. 1.59 ↓. 36. Inosine-5-monophosphate dehydrogenase (GuaB). P99106. 2.06 ↓. 1.95 ↓. ... and T4 polynucleotide kinase (New England Biolabs Ipswich, MA, USA). Labeled SprF1 RNA was purified on Microspin ™ G-50 Columns ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/5/770/htm

Recombinant adenylate kinase 3 from liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis for histochemical analysis and serodiagnosis of ... Adenylate kinase 3 of C. sinensisClonorchis sinensisimmunostainingRNA-interacting domainserodiagnosis ... Recombinant adenylate kinase 3 from liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis for histochemical analysis and serodiagnosis of ... Recombinant adenylate kinase 3 from liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis for histochemical analysis and serodiagnosis of ...

https://core-cms.prod.aop.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/abs/recombinant-adenylate-kinase-3-from-liver-fluke-clonorchis-sinensis-for-histochemical-analysis-and-serodiagnosis-of-clonorchiasis/BC681B4783CDADA8417CEE4E0440A264

28] and the enzyme adenylate kinase. [29] The NPS locus has been linked to the locus of the alpha1 chain of type 5 collagen. ... Linkage of the loci for the nail-patella syndrome and adenylate kinase. Am J Hum Genet. 1969 Nov. 21 (6):606-30. [QxMD MEDLINE ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1106294-overview

Adenylate kinase (AK)는 원핵 생물부터 진핵 생물까지 모든 생명체에 광범위하게 존재하는 효소로서, 인산기 전이 반응을 가역적으로 촉매 함으로써, ATP, ADP 및 AMP의 동적 평형을 이뤄 에너지 대사에서 ... Adenylate kinase family의 장기 및 조직 특이적 발현과 AK5 isozmye의 뇌 영역별 발현 특성. Other Titles. Organ and Tissue specific expression patterns ... Adenylate kinase family의 장기 및 조직 특이적 발현과 AK5 isozmye의 뇌 영역별 발현 특성 ... of The Adenylate kinase family in the mouse with emphasis on encephalic AK5. Author. 이용준. Alternative Author(s). Yongjun, Lee. ...

https://repository.hanyang.ac.kr/handle/20.500.11754/131120

Schulz, G. E.: The terriary structure of porcine adenylate kinase. In: Proc. Stockholm Symposium Structure of Biology Molecular ...

https://www.mpg.de/14599861/publikationen?seite=265

ADenylate Kinase. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Necessary For Fitness ADK1. 851802. ADR1. Alcohol Dehydrogenase Regulator. ... Bypass of C Kinase. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Necessary For Fitness BCK1. 851981. BCS1. ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase (bc1) ... Carboxy-Terminal domain Kinase. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Necessary For Fitness 80% CTK1. 856241. CTR1. Copper TRansport. ... Ark family Kinase-Like protein. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Anti-Longevity 20% AKL1. 851857. AKR1. AnKyrin Repeat-containing ...

https://genomics.senescence.info/genes/search.php?organism=Saccharomyces+cerevisiae&show=4

Name: adenylate kinase 7. Synonyms: 4930502N02Rik. Type: Gene. Species: Mus musculus (mouse) ...

https://www.mmrrc.org/catalog/sds.php?mmrrc_id=38808

Adenylate kinase 99% coverage. adk. Class I. 6312/6401. 35.05/47.58. * 2.41; 2.4. ↓10mMCa. ↑0.25Bapta. ↑1mM EGTA. 45Ca. ...

https://www.omicsonline.org/articles-images/2155-9872-S6-001-t003.html

PDB Compounds: (A:) Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 4. SCOPe Domain Sequences for d3ndpa2:. Sequence; same for both SEQRES and ATOM ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=213886

Three additional adenine nucleotide metabolizing enzymes, including mitochondrial creatine kinases (CKMT1 and CKMT2) and nucleoside diphosphate kinase isoform D (NDPK-D), have been found in IMS. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)

In this study, mRNA and protein expressions of these mitochondrial kinases were firstly examined in mouse ES cells, day 8 embryos, and 7-week-old adult mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Resveratrol produces changes associated with longer lifespan, including increased insulin sensitivity, reduced insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) levels, increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) activity, increased mitochondrial number, and improved motor function. (nih.gov)
A casual decision made one evening in 1976, in a bar near the Biochemistry Department at the University of Dundee, led me to start my personal research journey by following up a paper that suggested that acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (believed to be a key regulatory enzyme of fatty acid synthesis) was inactivated by phosphorylation by what appeared to be a novel, cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase. (portlandpress.com)
This led me to define and name the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathway, on which I am still working 46 years later. (portlandpress.com)
Studies utilising activators of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase C demonstrate that NGF induced differentiation events are mediated by a variety of independently acting transduction routes. (ucl.ac.uk)
Unless JohnL or anyone else is prepared to discuss and debate things like the details of how lithium affects the cascade of postsynaptic second-messenger events through adenylate-cyclase regulated protein-kinase, including c-FOS directed gene transcription, its measurement by assaying mRNA and the resulting changes in membrane-bound g-proteins, I don't feel any obligation to at this point justify why Jensen's simple "circuit" models are ludicrous. (dr-bob.org)
The disease is caused by mutations in the gene encoding adenylate kinase 2 (AK2), a mitochondrial protein important for regulating intracellular levels of adenosine diphosphate and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. (cdc.gov)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of beta adrenergic receptors, which mediate catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. (discoverx.com)
CHIR-99021 is a GSK-3α/β inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 and 6.7 nM，showing 500-fold selectivity over its closest homologs CDC2 and ERK2, as well as other protein kinases. (dcchemicals.com)

In a previous study, Drosophila adenylate kinase isozyme 2 (Dak2) knockout was reported to cause developmental lethality at the larval stage in Drosophila melanogaster. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Vitkevicius, KT & Dzeja, PP 1990, ' Changes in adenylate kinase isozyme activity in the ischemic rabbit heart ', Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine , vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 1039-1040. (elsevier.com)
Dzeja, P. P. / Changes in adenylate kinase isozyme activity in the ischemic rabbit heart . (elsevier.com)

mTOR, a serine/threonine kinase that is upregulated in a variety of tumors, plays an important role downstream in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. (biochempartner.com)

AK3L1 is an affiliate of the adenylate kinase family of enzymes. (prospecbio.com)
As a research scientist, he focused his studies on enzymes, working on the structure and function of adenylate kinase. (ucsd.edu)

Activators of adenylate cyclase acted synergistically with NGF to promote an accelerated phase of neuritic outgrowth while concomitantly causing differential modulation of NGF induced glycoprotein expression. (ucl.ac.uk)

5 different isozymes of adenylate kinase have been identified in vertebrates. (prospecbio.com)
The enzyme expression of various adenylate kinase isozymes is growth regulated and tissue-specific. (prospecbio.com)

This gene encodes a member of the adenylate kinase family, which is involved in regulating the adenine nucleotide composition within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate groups among adenine nucleotides. (nih.gov)
6. Bianchi P, Zappa M, Bredi E, et al: A case of complete adenylate kinase deficiency due to a nonsense mutation in AK-1 gene (arg107-to-stop, CGA-to-TGA) associated with chronic haemolytic anaemia. (testcatalog.org)
Relationship between bacterial virulence and nucleotide metabolism: a mutation in the adenylate kinase gene renders Yersinia pestis avirulent. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

A kinase inhibitor, K252a, was used to discriminate between responses induced by the two growth factors since its effects are specific for NGF. (ucl.ac.uk)
CHIR-99021 is a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor that has antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo. (dcchemicals.com)
mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD2014 inhibits the activity of mTOR, which may result in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. (biochempartner.com)

However, it was previously shown that its thymidylate kinase (TMPKyp) exhibits biochemical properties significantly different from those of its Escherichia coli counterpart [Chenal-Francisque, Tourneux, Carniel, Christova, Li de la Sierra, Barzu and Gilles (1999) Eur. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
The article is published in conjunction with the Sir Philip Randle Lecture of the Biochemical Society, which I gave in September 2022 at the European Workshop on AMPK and AMPK-related kinases in Clydebank, Scotland. (portlandpress.com)

Adenylate kinases-3 regulates the adenine and guanine nucleotide compositions within a cell by means of catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate group among these nucleotides. (prospecbio.com)
Adenylate kinase (AK) is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the nucleotide phosphoryl interconversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to 2 molecules of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (testcatalog.org)

Pan troglodytes adenylate kinase 7 (AK7), mRNA. (genscript.com)

Cytotoxic effects of fipronil and fipronil sulfone were examined using the adenylate kinase and the trypan blue exclusion assays in HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
CHIR 99021 is a small organic molecule that inhibits GSK3α and GSK3β by competing for their ATP-binding sites.In vitro kinase assays reveal that CHIR 99021 specifically inhibits GSK3β (IC50=~5 nM) and GSK3α (IC50=~10 nM), with little effect on other kinases[2]. (dcchemicals.com)

5. Toren A., Brok-Simoni F, Ben-Bassat I, et al: Congenital haemolytic anaemia associated with adenylate kinase deficiency. (testcatalog.org)

Figure 7''' - Reaction taken from [http://biocyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?type=REACTION&object=ADENYL-KIN-RXN Ecocyc]]] CNA did not have a reaction to regenerate AMP yet, so the reaction for adenylate kinase was added to the network. (igem.org)
The reaction for adenylate kinase is shown in figure 7. (igem.org)

Interplay between Creatine Kinase and Adenylate Kinase Networks in Health and Disease. (taltech.ee)

Identification of two active functional domains of human adenylate kinase 5. (nih.gov)
Identification of a novel human adenylate kinase. (nih.gov)
With an aim to identify target antigens for sensitive serodiagnosis, adenylate kinase 3 of C. sinensis (CsAK3) was successfully expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli by fusion to an RNA-interacting domain derived from human Lys-tRNA synthetase and purified by Ni 2+ -affinity chromatography. (cambridge.org)
phosphoglucomutase (locus one)-PGM1, adenylate kinase-AK & pseudocholinesterase (E2 locus)-PCE2, in human bloodstains subjected to tropical & temperate climatic conditions. (who.int)
Smoking and human reproduction: the effect of adenylate kinase genetic polymorphism. (cdc.gov)

The crystal structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenylate kinase (MtAK) in complex with two ADP molecules and Mg2+ has been determined at 1.9 A resolution. (rcsb.org)

2. Rapley S, Harris H: Red cell adenylate kinase activity in AK1 and AK 2-1 phenotypes. (testcatalog.org)
A significant time- and dose-dependent induction of adenylate kinase activity in HepG2 cells was noted from 0.1 to 12.5 µM fipronil followed by decreasing activities at 25 and 50 µM. (cdc.gov)

Escherichia coli strain CR341T28 will not grow at temperatures above 34 degrees C in liquid medium, and the adenylate kinase of this strain is heat sensitive. (glembotskilab.org)

The maximum induction of adenylate kinase was ca. 3-fold greater than the respective controls in HepG2 and 6-10-fold in the case of primary hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

While this development is restarted by trypsinisation of 2D cultures (typically after 5 days), recovery continues in 3D cultures up until 15-18 days when changes in growth rate, adenylate kinase, ATP, urea and cholesterol all suggest that spheroids undergo some type of physiological transition. (rsc.org)

Adenylate energy charge in Escherichia coli CR341T28 and properties of heat-sensitive adenylate kinase. (glembotskilab.org)

Nucleoside monophosphate kinases (NMPKs) are essential catalysts for bacterial growth and multiplication. (archives-ouvertes.fr)

The terriary structure of porcine adenylate kinase. (mpg.de)

no significant inhibition on 26 other kinases. (dcchemicals.com)

This member is related to the UMP/CMP kinase of several species. (nih.gov)

Anatomy6

Organisms3

Chemicals and Drugs68

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes18

Information Science3

A study of the genetical structure of the Cuban population: red cell and serum biochemical markers. (1/864)

Changes in mitochondrial phosphorylative activity and adenylate energy charge of regenerating rabbit liver. (2/864)

Identification of a novel human adenylate kinase. cDNA cloning, expression analysis, chromosome localization and characterization of the recombinant protein. (3/864)

Release of adenylate kinase 2 from the mitochondrial intermembrane space during apoptosis. (4/864)

Inhibition of ATPase, GTPase and adenylate kinase activities of the second nucleotide-binding fold of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator by genistein. (5/864)

Volume overload hypertrophy of the newborn heart slows the maturation of enzymes involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. (6/864)

Adenylate kinase-catalyzed phosphotransfer in the myocardium : increased contribution in heart failure. (7/864)

Experimental study on firearm wound in maxillofacial region. (8/864)

Adenylate Kinase

Adenylate Cyclase

Phosphotransferases

Adenosine Monophosphate

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

Creatine Kinase

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin

Adenosine Triphosphate

MAP Kinase Signaling System

Protein Kinases

Adenosine Diphosphate

Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Adenine Nucleotides

Isoenzymes

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide

Kinetics

Dinucleoside Phosphates

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Amino Acid Sequence

Thiamine Triphosphate

src-Family Kinases

Molecular Sequence Data

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Protein Kinase C

Cyclic AMP

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Escherichia coli

Muscles

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

Binding Sites

Pyruvate Kinase

Mutation

p21-Activated Kinases

Phosphorylation

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Fluorides

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3

Substrate Specificity

Base Sequence

Enzyme Activation

Catalysis

Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase

Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Protein Conformation

Protein Binding

Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate

CDC2 Protein Kinase

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases

Cloning, Molecular

Signal Transduction

Protein Structure, Tertiary

eIF-2 Kinase

Cell Membrane

Nucleotides

Casein Kinase II

Oxygen Isotopes

Casein Kinases

Phosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)

Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases

Models, Molecular

Cytosol

Colforsin

Magnesium

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Recombinant Proteins

MAP Kinase Kinase 1

Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I

Molecular Weight

Guanosine Triphosphate

Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Thymidine Kinase

Cell Line

Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases

Phosphates

MAP Kinase Kinase 4

Electrophoresis, Starch Gel

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