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FAQAdenoviruses, Human: Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing a wide range of diseases in humans. Infections are mostly asymptomatic, but can be associated with diseases of the respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. Serotypes (named with Arabic numbers) have been grouped into species designated Human adenovirus A-F.Adenoviridae: A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.Adenovirus Infections, Human: Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.Adenovirus E1A Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E1A genome region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in positive regulation of transcription of the early genes of host infection.Adenoviridae Infections: Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.Adenovirus Early Proteins: Proteins encoded by adenoviruses that are synthesized prior to, and in the absence of, viral DNA replication. The proteins are involved in both positive and negative regulation of expression in viral and cellular genes, and also affect the stability of viral mRNA. Some are also involved in oncogenic transformation.Adenovirus E1B Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E1B region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in regulation of the levels of early and late viral gene expression.Adenovirus E3 Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E3 region of ADENOVIRUSES but not essential for viral replication. The E3 19K protein mediates adenovirus persistence by reducing the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens on the surface of infected cells.Adenovirus E4 Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E4 region of ADENOVIRUSES. The E4 19K protein transactivates transcription of the adenovirus E2F protein and complexes with it.Adenovirus E1 Proteins: The very first viral gene products synthesized after cells are infected with adenovirus. The E1 region of the genome has been divided into two major transcriptional units, E1A and E1B, each expressing proteins of the same name (ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS and ADENOVIRUS E1B PROTEINS).Genetic Vectors: DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.Adenoviruses, Canine: Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS that causes fever, edema, vomiting, and diarrhea in dogs and encephalitis in foxes. Epizootics have also been caused in bears, wolves, coyotes, and skunks. The official species name is Canine adenovirus and it contains two serotypes.Adenovirus E2 Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E2 region of ADENOVIRUSES. Several of these are required for viral DNA replication.Mastadenovirus: A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that infects MAMMALS including humans and causes a wide range of diseases. The type species is Human adenovirus C (see ADENOVIRUSES, HUMAN).Adenoviruses, Porcine: Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing neurological disease in pigs.Aviadenovirus: A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that infects birds. The type species is FOWL ADENOVIRUS A.Genetic Therapy: Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.Fowl adenovirus A: The type species of the genus AVIADENOVIRUS, family ADENOVIRIDAE, an oncogenic virus of birds. This is also called CELO virus for chick embryo lethal orphan virus.DNA, Viral: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Gene Transfer Techniques: The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.Capsid Proteins: Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Virus Replication: The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.Receptors, Virus: Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.Oncolytic Virotherapy: Use of attenuated VIRUSES as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to selectively kill CANCER cells.Oncolytic Viruses: Tumor-selective, replication competent VIRUSES that have antineoplastic effects. This is achieved by producing cytotoxicity-enhancing proteins and/or eliciting an antitumor immune response. They are genetically engineered so that they can replicate in CANCER cells but not in normal cells, and are used in ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY.Keratoconjunctivitis: Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.Transduction, Genetic: The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.Viral Proteins: Proteins found in any species of virus.Genes, Viral: The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.Oncogene Proteins, Viral: Products of viral oncogenes, most commonly retroviral oncogenes. They usually have transforming and often protein kinase activities.Conjunctivitis, Viral: Inflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Adenovirus Vaccines: Vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family ADENOVIRIDAE.Capsid: The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.Cell Transformation, Viral: An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.Transgenes: Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral: Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.Helper Viruses: Viruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing gene function of the defective (satellite) virus. Helper and satellite may be of the same or different genus.Defective Viruses: Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.beta-Galactosidase: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.RNA, Viral: Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Gene Expression Regulation, Viral: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Enterovirus: A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".DNA Replication: The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.ConjunctivitisPlasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Atadenovirus: A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that comprises viruses of several species of MAMMALS and BIRDS. The type species is Ovine adenovirus D.Simian virus 40: A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.Mice, Nude: Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.Virus Cultivation: Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Genome, Viral: The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.Mice, Inbred BALB CCricetinae: A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Respiratory Tract Infections: Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.Recombination, Genetic: Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Viruses: Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Antigens, Viral, Tumor: Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Serotyping: Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.Inclusion Bodies, Viral: An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.DNA Restriction Enzymes: Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.Pneumonia, Viral: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.Haplorhini: A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).Antigens, Viral: Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)Antigens, CD46: A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Cell Line, Transformed: Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.Dependovirus: A genus of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, which are dependent on a coinfection with helper adenoviruses or herpesviruses for their efficient replication. The type species is Adeno-associated virus 2.Viral Vaccines: Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Gastroenteritis: INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.Mice, Inbred C57BLKB Cells: This line KB is now known to be a subline of the ubiquitous KERATIN-forming tumor cell line HeLa. It was originally thought to be derived from an epidermal carcinoma of the mouth, but was subsequently found, based on isoenzyme analysis, HeLa marker chromosomes, and DNA fingerprinting, to have been established via contamination by HELA CELLS. The cells are positive for keratin by immunoperoxidase staining. KB cells have been reported to contain human papillomavirus18 (HPV-18) sequences.DNA, Recombinant: Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.Oncogenic Viruses: Viruses that produce tumors.Tropism: The directional growth of an organism in response to an external stimulus such as light, touch, or gravity. Growth towards the stimulus is a positive tropism; growth away from the stimulus is a negative tropism. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Injections, Intralesional: Injections introduced directly into localized lesions.Thymidine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and thymidine to ADP and thymidine 5'-phosphate. Deoxyuridine can also act as an acceptor and dGTP as a donor. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.21.Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays: In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.Green Fluorescent Proteins: Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.Lac Operon: The genetic unit consisting of three structural genes, an operator and a regulatory gene. The regulatory gene controls the synthesis of the three structural genes: BETA-GALACTOSIDASE and beta-galactoside permease (involved with the metabolism of lactose), and beta-thiogalactoside acetyltransferase.Sigmodontinae: A subfamily of the family MURIDAE comprised of 69 genera. New World mice and rats are included in this subfamily.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Hybridization, Genetic: The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.Neutralization Tests: The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).Vaccines, Synthetic: Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.Cell Transformation, Neoplastic: Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Mouth Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Nuclear Proteins: Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.Virus Diseases: A general term for diseases produced by viruses.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.NFI Transcription Factors: Transcription factors that were originally identified as site-specific DNA-binding proteins essential for DNA REPLICATION by ADENOVIRUSES. They play important roles in MAMMARY GLAND function and development.Neoplasms, Experimental: Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.Culture Techniques: Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.Satellite Viruses: Defective viruses which can multiply only by association with a helper virus which complements the defective gene. Satellite viruses may be associated with certain plant viruses, animal viruses, or bacteriophages. They differ from satellite RNA; (RNA, SATELLITE) in that satellite viruses encode their own coat protein.Molecular Weight: The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.Virion: The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Y-Box-Binding Protein 1: Y-box-binding protein 1 was originally identified as a DNA-binding protein that interacts with Y-box PROMOTER REGIONS of MHC CLASS II GENES. It is a highly conserved transcription factor that regulates expression of a wide variety of GENES.Integrin alphaV: An alpha integrin with a molecular weight of 160-kDa that is found in a variety of cell types. It undergoes posttranslational cleavage into a heavy and a light chain that are connected by disulfide bonds. Integrin alphaV can combine with several different beta subunits to form heterodimers that generally bind to RGD sequence-containing extracellular matrix proteins.Genes, Reporter: Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Luminescent Proteins: Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.Luciferases: Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.Viral Plaque Assay: Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.Complement Fixation Tests: Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.Virus Attachment: The binding of virus particles to receptors on the host cell surface. For enveloped viruses, the virion ligand is usually a surface glycoprotein as is the cellular receptor. For non-enveloped viruses, the virus CAPSID serves as the ligand.Neoplasm Transplantation: Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.Gene Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.Retinoblastoma Protein: Product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. It is a nuclear phosphoprotein hypothesized to normally act as an inhibitor of cell proliferation. Rb protein is absent in retinoblastoma cell lines. It also has been shown to form complexes with the adenovirus E1A protein, the SV40 T antigen, and the human papilloma virus E7 protein.Virology: The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of viruses, and VIRUS DISEASES.Genes: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Protein Biosynthesis: The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.AIDS Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.Ganciclovir: An ACYCLOVIR analog that is a potent inhibitor of the Herpesvirus family including cytomegalovirus. Ganciclovir is used to treat complications from AIDS-associated cytomegalovirus infections.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Eye Infections, Viral: Infections of the eye caused by minute intracellular agents. These infections may lead to severe inflammation in various parts of the eye - conjunctiva, iris, eyelids, etc. Several viruses have been identified as the causative agents. Among these are Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Poxvirus, and Myxovirus.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Transcriptional Activation: Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Cytoplasm: The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)Receptors, Vitronectin: Receptors such as INTEGRIN ALPHAVBETA3 that bind VITRONECTIN with high affinity and play a role in cell migration. They also bind FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; osteopontin; and THROMBOSPONDINS.Siadenovirus: A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE comprising species including viruses of frogs (FROGS AND TOADS) and TURKEYS. The type species is Frog adenovirus.Genetic Engineering: Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.Gene Targeting: The integration of exogenous DNA into the genome of an organism at sites where its expression can be suitably controlled. This integration occurs as a result of homologous recombination.Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.Centrifugation, Density Gradient: Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Carcinoma: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)Immunization, Secondary: Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.Templates, Genetic: Macromolecular molds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA REPLICATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA, and GENETIC TRANSLATION of RNA into POLYPEPTIDES.E1A-Associated p300 Protein: A member of the p300-CBP transcription factors that was originally identified as a binding partner for ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Open Reading Frames: A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).TritiumAntigens, Polyomavirus Transforming: Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.CHO Cells: CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.Virus Inactivation: Inactivation of viruses by non-immune related techniques. They include extremes of pH, HEAT treatment, ultraviolet radiation, IONIZING RADIATION; DESICCATION; ANTISEPTICS; DISINFECTANTS; organic solvents, and DETERGENTS.Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Trans-Activators: Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.Cell-Free System: A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)Cercopithecus aethiops: A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.Injections, Intramuscular: Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.Restriction Mapping: Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes: A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.Cytomegalovirus: A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.Virus Assembly: The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Deoxyribonucleoproteins: Proteins conjugated with deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) or specific DNA.Bacteriophage PRD1: Bacteriophage and type species in the genus Tectivirus, family TECTIVIRIDAE. They are specific for Gram-negative bacteria.Simplexvirus: A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, consisting of herpes simplex-like viruses. The type species is HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Antibodies, Neutralizing: Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.Enterovirus B, Human: A species of ENTEROVIRUS infecting humans and containing 36 serotypes. It is comprised of all the echoviruses and a few coxsackieviruses, including all of those previously named coxsackievirus B.Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).Peptide Biosynthesis: The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.Viral Core Proteins: Proteins found mainly in icosahedral DNA and RNA viruses. They consist of proteins directly associated with the nucleic acid inside the NUCLEOCAPSID.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Virus Internalization: The entering of cells by viruses following VIRUS ATTACHMENT. This is achieved by ENDOCYTOSIS, by direct MEMBRANE FUSION of the viral membrane with the CELL MEMBRANE, or by translocation of the whole virus across the cell membrane.Ebola Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER.T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic: Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.Enhancer Elements, Genetic: Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Nasopharynx: The top portion of the pharynx situated posterior to the nose and superior to the SOFT PALATE. The nasopharynx is the posterior extension of the nasal cavities and has a respiratory function.Genes, p53: Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.TATA Box: A conserved A-T rich sequence which is contained in promoters for RNA polymerase II. The segment is seven base pairs long and the nucleotides most commonly found are TATAAAA.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
(1/60) Late transcription and simultaneous replication of simian adenovirus 7 DNA as revealed by spreading lytically infected cell cultures.
Miller's technique of spreading DNA was applied to monkey cells productively infected with simian adenovirus 7. This permitted the visualization of cellular DNA transcription, both nucleolar and non-nucleolar, and of late transcription and replication of virus. Virus double-stranded DNA, thin fibres with very few nucleosome-like particles, were observed carrying either transcription or replication complexes. In addition, both RNP transcripts and replication forks were found on some virus duplex DNA. Virus single-stranded DNA replicative intermediates were identified on the basis of their increased thickness and contrast which results from the presence of a DNA binding protein. (+info)
(2/60) Biological activity of the intact and cleaved DNA of the simian adenovirus 7.
Only the deproteinized DNA preparations of the simian adenovirus of the type 7 (SA 7) exhibited transforming and tumorigenic activity. The complex of the SA7 DNA with terminal protein (TP) did not exhibit either transforming or tumorigenic activity in cell cultures. In contrast to the transforming potential the infectious titers of the DNA - TP complex for the monkey kidney cells were 30-50 times higher than those of pure DNA. Cleavage of the SA7 DNA by specific endonucleases enhanced the tumorigenic potential of pure DNA, suppressed its infectivity and did not affect the lack of transformation capacity of the DNA - TP complex. The onc-gene was localized in the left terminal fragment with the minimal size 4,3x10(6)D in the case of R.Sal I. The tumorigenic activity was found to decrease with an increase in the size of the DNA fragment containing the onc-gene. (+info)
(3/60) Chimpanzee adenovirus CV-68 adapted as a gene delivery vector interacts with the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor.
A replication-defective form of chimpanzee adenovirus type 68 (C68) has been developed to circumvent problems posed by widespread preexisting immunity to common human adenovirus vectors. To investigate the determinants of C68 tropism, its interaction with the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was studied. Although CHO cells were resistant to transduction by C68 as well as by adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), CHO cells expressing either human or murine CAR were transduced readily. C68 transduction, like Ad5 transduction, was blocked when cells were exposed to anti-CAR antibody or when virus was exposed to a soluble form of the CAR extracellular domain. These results indicate that gene delivery by C68 occurs by a CAR-dependent mechanism. (+info)
(4/60) Novel, chimpanzee serotype 68-based adenoviral vaccine carrier for induction of antibodies to a transgene product.
An E1-deletion-containing adenoviral recombinant based on the chimpanzee serotype 68 (AdC68) was developed to express the rabies virus glycoprotein. Mice immunized with this construct (AdC68rab.gp) developed antibodies to rabies virus and remained resistant to challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of rabies virus. In naive mice immunized intranasally, the rabies virus-specific antibody responses elicited by AdC68rab.gp were comparable with regard to both titers and isotype profiles to those induced by an adenoviral recombinant based on human serotype 5 (Adhu5) expressing the same transgene product. In contrast, subcutaneous immunization with the AdC68rab.gp vaccine resulted in markedly lower antibody responses to the rabies virus glycoprotein than the corresponding Adhu5 vaccine. Antibodies from AdC68rab.gp-immunized mice were strongly biased towards the immunoglobulin G2a isotype. The antibody response to the rabies virus glycoprotein presented by Adhu5rab.gp was severely compromised in animals preexposed to the homologous adenovirus. In contrast, the rabies virus-specific antibody response to the AdC68rab.gp vaccine was at most marginally affected by preexisting immunity to common human adenovirus serotypes, such as 2, 4, 5, 7, and 12. This novel vaccine carrier thus offers a distinct advantage over adenoviral vaccines based on common human serotypes. (+info)
(5/60) Comparative sequence analysis of the largest E1A proteins of human and simian adenoviruses.
The early region 1A (E1A) gene is the first gene expressed after infection with adenovirus and has been most extensively characterized in human adenovirus type 5 (hAd5). The E1A proteins interact with numerous cellular regulatory proteins, influencing a variety of transcriptional and cell cycle events. For this reason, these multifunctional proteins have been useful as tools for dissecting pathways regulating cell growth and gene expression. Despite the large number of studies using hAd5 E1A, relatively little is known about the function of the E1A proteins of other adenoviruses. In 1985, a comparison of E1A sequences from three human and one simian adenovirus identified three regions with higher overall levels of sequence conservation designated conserved regions (CR) 1, 2, and 3. As expected, these regions are critical for a variety of E1A functions. Since that time, the sequences of several other human and simian adenovirus E1A proteins have been determined. Using these, and two additional sequences that we determined, we report here a detailed comparison of the sequences of 15 E1A proteins representing each of the six hAd subgroups and several simian adenoviruses. These analyses refine the positioning of CR1, 2, and 3; define a fourth CR located near the carboxyl terminus of E1A; and suggest several new functions for E1A. (+info)
(6/60) A simian replication-defective adenoviral recombinant vaccine to HIV-1 gag.
In animal models, E1-deleted human adenoviral recombinants of the serotype 5 (AdHu5) have shown high efficacy as vaccine carriers for different Ags including those of HIV-1. Humans are infected by common serotypes of human adenovirus such as AdHu5 early in life and a significant percentage has high levels of neutralizing Abs to these serotypes, which will very likely impair the efficacy of recombinant vaccines based on the homologous virus. To circumvent this problem, a novel replication-defective adenoviral vaccine carrier based on an E1-deleted recombinant of the chimpanzee adenovirus 68 (AdC68) was developed. An AdC68 construct expressing a codon-optimized, truncated form of gag of HIV-1 induces CD8(+) T cells to gag in mice which at the height of the immune response encompass nearly 20% of the entire splenic CD8(+) T cell population. The vaccine-induced immune response provides protection to challenge with a vaccinia gag recombinant virus. Induction of transgene-specific CD8(+) T cells and protection against viral challenge elicited by the AdC68 vaccines is not strongly inhibited in animals preimmune to AdHu5 virus. However, the response elicited by the AdHu5 vaccine is greatly attenuated in AdHu5 preimmune animals. (+info)
(7/60) Complete nucleotide sequences and genome organization of four chimpanzee adenoviruses.
The complete nucleotide sequences for four adenoviruses-Simian Adenoviruses 21, 22, 23, and 24, originally isolated from chimpanzees, were determined. The genome organization of the chimpanzee adenoviruses was found to be similar to that of other adenoviruses. The viral gene products of the adenoviruses Simian Adenoviruses 22, 23, and 24 are very closely related to those of the (previously sequenced) chimpanzee adenovirus Simian Adenovirus 25. Simian Adenovirus 21 is most similar to human subgroup B adenoviruses HAdV-3, HAdV-7, and HAdV-35. Analysis of the capsid proteins hexon and fiber of the chimpanzee adenoviruses also supports the placement of Simian Adenovirus 21 in subgroup B and Simian Adenoviruses 22, 23, and 24 in subgroup E. (+info)
(8/60) Analysis of the first complete genome sequence of an Old World monkey adenovirus reveals a lineage distinct from the six human adenovirus species.
Simian adenovirus 3 (SAdV-3) is one of several adenoviruses that were isolated decades ago from Old World monkeys. Determination of the complete DNA sequence of SAdV-3 permitted the first full genomic comparison of a monkey adenovirus with adenoviruses of humans (HAdVs) and chimpanzees, which are recognized formally as constituting six of the species (HAdV-A to HAdV-F) within the genus Mastadenovirus. The SAdV-3 genome is 34 246 bp in size and has a G+C content of 55.3 mol%. It contains all the genes that are characteristic of the genus Mastadenovirus and has a single VA-RNA gene and six genes in each of the E3 and E4 regions. The genetic organization is the same as that of HAdV-12, a member of the HAdV-A species. Phylogenetic analyses showed that although SAdV-3 is related marginally more closely to HAdV-A and HAdV-F than to other species, it represents a unique lineage that branched at an early stage of primate adenovirus divergence. The results imply that the genetic layout in SAdV-3 and HAdV-12 may also have characterized the common ancestor of all sequenced primate adenoviruses. (+info)
Miller's technique of spreading DNA was applied to monkey cells productively infected with simian adenovirus 7. This permitted the visualization of cellular DNA transcription, both nucleolar and non-nucleolar, and of late transcription and replication of virus. Virus double-stranded DNA, thin fibres with very few nucleosome-like particles, were observed carrying either transcription or replication complexes. In addition, both RNP transcripts and replication forks were found on some virus duplex DNA. Virus single-stranded DNA replicative intermediates were identified on the basis of their increased thickness and contrast which results from the presence of a DNA binding protein. (+info)
(2/60) Biological activity of the intact and cleaved DNA of the simian adenovirus 7.
Only the deproteinized DNA preparations of the simian adenovirus of the type 7 (SA 7) exhibited transforming and tumorigenic activity. The complex of the SA7 DNA with terminal protein (TP) did not exhibit either transforming or tumorigenic activity in cell cultures. In contrast to the transforming potential the infectious titers of the DNA - TP complex for the monkey kidney cells were 30-50 times higher than those of pure DNA. Cleavage of the SA7 DNA by specific endonucleases enhanced the tumorigenic potential of pure DNA, suppressed its infectivity and did not affect the lack of transformation capacity of the DNA - TP complex. The onc-gene was localized in the left terminal fragment with the minimal size 4,3x10(6)D in the case of R.Sal I. The tumorigenic activity was found to decrease with an increase in the size of the DNA fragment containing the onc-gene. (+info)
(3/60) Chimpanzee adenovirus CV-68 adapted as a gene delivery vector interacts with the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor.
A replication-defective form of chimpanzee adenovirus type 68 (C68) has been developed to circumvent problems posed by widespread preexisting immunity to common human adenovirus vectors. To investigate the determinants of C68 tropism, its interaction with the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) was studied. Although CHO cells were resistant to transduction by C68 as well as by adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), CHO cells expressing either human or murine CAR were transduced readily. C68 transduction, like Ad5 transduction, was blocked when cells were exposed to anti-CAR antibody or when virus was exposed to a soluble form of the CAR extracellular domain. These results indicate that gene delivery by C68 occurs by a CAR-dependent mechanism. (+info)
(4/60) Novel, chimpanzee serotype 68-based adenoviral vaccine carrier for induction of antibodies to a transgene product.
An E1-deletion-containing adenoviral recombinant based on the chimpanzee serotype 68 (AdC68) was developed to express the rabies virus glycoprotein. Mice immunized with this construct (AdC68rab.gp) developed antibodies to rabies virus and remained resistant to challenge with an otherwise lethal dose of rabies virus. In naive mice immunized intranasally, the rabies virus-specific antibody responses elicited by AdC68rab.gp were comparable with regard to both titers and isotype profiles to those induced by an adenoviral recombinant based on human serotype 5 (Adhu5) expressing the same transgene product. In contrast, subcutaneous immunization with the AdC68rab.gp vaccine resulted in markedly lower antibody responses to the rabies virus glycoprotein than the corresponding Adhu5 vaccine. Antibodies from AdC68rab.gp-immunized mice were strongly biased towards the immunoglobulin G2a isotype. The antibody response to the rabies virus glycoprotein presented by Adhu5rab.gp was severely compromised in animals preexposed to the homologous adenovirus. In contrast, the rabies virus-specific antibody response to the AdC68rab.gp vaccine was at most marginally affected by preexisting immunity to common human adenovirus serotypes, such as 2, 4, 5, 7, and 12. This novel vaccine carrier thus offers a distinct advantage over adenoviral vaccines based on common human serotypes. (+info)
(5/60) Comparative sequence analysis of the largest E1A proteins of human and simian adenoviruses.
The early region 1A (E1A) gene is the first gene expressed after infection with adenovirus and has been most extensively characterized in human adenovirus type 5 (hAd5). The E1A proteins interact with numerous cellular regulatory proteins, influencing a variety of transcriptional and cell cycle events. For this reason, these multifunctional proteins have been useful as tools for dissecting pathways regulating cell growth and gene expression. Despite the large number of studies using hAd5 E1A, relatively little is known about the function of the E1A proteins of other adenoviruses. In 1985, a comparison of E1A sequences from three human and one simian adenovirus identified three regions with higher overall levels of sequence conservation designated conserved regions (CR) 1, 2, and 3. As expected, these regions are critical for a variety of E1A functions. Since that time, the sequences of several other human and simian adenovirus E1A proteins have been determined. Using these, and two additional sequences that we determined, we report here a detailed comparison of the sequences of 15 E1A proteins representing each of the six hAd subgroups and several simian adenoviruses. These analyses refine the positioning of CR1, 2, and 3; define a fourth CR located near the carboxyl terminus of E1A; and suggest several new functions for E1A. (+info)
(6/60) A simian replication-defective adenoviral recombinant vaccine to HIV-1 gag.
In animal models, E1-deleted human adenoviral recombinants of the serotype 5 (AdHu5) have shown high efficacy as vaccine carriers for different Ags including those of HIV-1. Humans are infected by common serotypes of human adenovirus such as AdHu5 early in life and a significant percentage has high levels of neutralizing Abs to these serotypes, which will very likely impair the efficacy of recombinant vaccines based on the homologous virus. To circumvent this problem, a novel replication-defective adenoviral vaccine carrier based on an E1-deleted recombinant of the chimpanzee adenovirus 68 (AdC68) was developed. An AdC68 construct expressing a codon-optimized, truncated form of gag of HIV-1 induces CD8(+) T cells to gag in mice which at the height of the immune response encompass nearly 20% of the entire splenic CD8(+) T cell population. The vaccine-induced immune response provides protection to challenge with a vaccinia gag recombinant virus. Induction of transgene-specific CD8(+) T cells and protection against viral challenge elicited by the AdC68 vaccines is not strongly inhibited in animals preimmune to AdHu5 virus. However, the response elicited by the AdHu5 vaccine is greatly attenuated in AdHu5 preimmune animals. (+info)
(7/60) Complete nucleotide sequences and genome organization of four chimpanzee adenoviruses.
The complete nucleotide sequences for four adenoviruses-Simian Adenoviruses 21, 22, 23, and 24, originally isolated from chimpanzees, were determined. The genome organization of the chimpanzee adenoviruses was found to be similar to that of other adenoviruses. The viral gene products of the adenoviruses Simian Adenoviruses 22, 23, and 24 are very closely related to those of the (previously sequenced) chimpanzee adenovirus Simian Adenovirus 25. Simian Adenovirus 21 is most similar to human subgroup B adenoviruses HAdV-3, HAdV-7, and HAdV-35. Analysis of the capsid proteins hexon and fiber of the chimpanzee adenoviruses also supports the placement of Simian Adenovirus 21 in subgroup B and Simian Adenoviruses 22, 23, and 24 in subgroup E. (+info)
(8/60) Analysis of the first complete genome sequence of an Old World monkey adenovirus reveals a lineage distinct from the six human adenovirus species.
Simian adenovirus 3 (SAdV-3) is one of several adenoviruses that were isolated decades ago from Old World monkeys. Determination of the complete DNA sequence of SAdV-3 permitted the first full genomic comparison of a monkey adenovirus with adenoviruses of humans (HAdVs) and chimpanzees, which are recognized formally as constituting six of the species (HAdV-A to HAdV-F) within the genus Mastadenovirus. The SAdV-3 genome is 34 246 bp in size and has a G+C content of 55.3 mol%. It contains all the genes that are characteristic of the genus Mastadenovirus and has a single VA-RNA gene and six genes in each of the E3 and E4 regions. The genetic organization is the same as that of HAdV-12, a member of the HAdV-A species. Phylogenetic analyses showed that although SAdV-3 is related marginally more closely to HAdV-A and HAdV-F than to other species, it represents a unique lineage that branched at an early stage of primate adenovirus divergence. The results imply that the genetic layout in SAdV-3 and HAdV-12 may also have characterized the common ancestor of all sequenced primate adenoviruses. (+info)
Adenoviridae
Yamamoto H, Shimojo H (August 1971). "Multiplicity reactivation of human adenovirus type 12 and simian virus 40 irradiated by ... Adenoviruses Stanford University - Adenoviruses Adenoviruses General Concepts General information on Adenovirus DNA virus ... Tupaia adenovirus (TAV) (Tree shrew adenovirus 1) has been isolated from tree shrews. Otarine adenovirus 1 has been isolated ... In babies, adenoviruses can also cause coughing fits that look almost exactly like whooping cough. Adenoviruses can also cause ...
Mastadenovirus
serotype 14: can cause potentially fatal adenovirus infections. Canine adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1) can lead to death in puppies, or ... Ovine mastadenovirus A Ovine mastadenovirus B Porcine mastadenovirus A Porcine mastadenovirus B Porcine mastadenovirus C Simian ...
VA RNA
Kidd, AH; Garwicz D; Oberg M (1995). "Human and simian adenoviruses: phylogenetic inferences from analysis of VA RNA genes". ... These two VA RNA genes are distinct genes in the adenovirus genome. VA RNAI is the major species with VA RNAII expressed at a ... The VA (viral associated) RNA is a type of non-coding RNA found in adenovirus. It plays a role in regulating translation. There ... Ma, Y; Mathews MB (1996). "Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VA RNA I". RNA. 2 (9): ...
Herpes simplex virus
... adenovirus simian virus 40, vaccinia virus, reovirus, poliovirus and herpes simplex virus. When HSV particles are exposed to ...
Thomas J. Kelly (scientist)
Kelly, T J; Rose, J A (1971). "Simian virus 40 integration site in an adenovirus 7-simian virus 40 hybrid DNA molecule". ... adenovirus and SV40, which cause tumors in animals. He joined the faculty in the Department of Microbiology at the Johns ... "Replication of adenovirus and SV40 chromosomes in vitro". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 317 (1187): 429-438. Bibcode: ... "The DNA-activated protein kinase is required for the phosphorylation of replication protein A during simian virus 40 DNA ...
Microbial genetics
Multiplicity reactivation has been found to occur with pathogenic viruses including influenza virus, HIV-1, adenovirus simian ...
Helper dependent virus
... which was originally discovered as a contaminant in a sample of simian adenovirus. Though AAV is considered to be dependent on ... "Gutless adenovirus: Last-generation adenovirus for gene therapy". Gene Therapy. 12: S18-27. doi:10.1038/sj.gt.3302612. PMID ... 1965). "Adenovirus-Associated Defective Virus Particles". Science. 149 (3685): 754-6. doi:10.1126/science.149.3685.754. PMID ... "Production of high-titer recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors in the absence of helper adenovirus". Journal of Virology. ...
SV40
Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Shimojo, H (August 1971). "Multiplicity reactivation of human adenovirus type 12 and simian virus 40 ... SV40 is an abbreviation for simian vacuolating virus 40 or simian virus 40, a polyomavirus that is found in both monkeys and ... Barbanti-Brodano, G; Sabbioni, S; Martini, F; Negrini, M; Corallini, A; Tognon, M (2004). "Simian virus 40 infection in humans ... Martini, F; Corallini, A; Balatti, V; Sabbioni, S; Pancaldi, C; Tognon, M (9 July 2007). "Simian virus 40 in humans". ...
Eugene O. Major
Throughout his career, Major has conducted research on viruses including BK virus, adenoviruses, JC virus, simian virus 40 ( ... Major, E. O.; Matsumura, P. (1984). "Human embryonic kidney cells: stable transformation with an origin-defective simian virus ... Bourne, KA; Major, EO; Khoobyarian, N (1978). "A variant of adenovirus 12 producing cytoplasmic accumulation of capsid proteins ...
List of MeSH codes (B04)
... adenoviruses, human MeSH B04.280.030.500.675 --- adenoviruses, porcine MeSH B04.280.030.500.700 --- adenoviruses, simian MeSH ... adenoviruses, porcine MeSH B04.909.204.097.500.700 --- adenoviruses, simian MeSH B04.909.204.097.750 --- siadenovirus MeSH ... simian immunodeficiency virus MeSH B04.820.650.805.851 --- simian t-lymphotropic virus 1 MeSH B04.820.650.805.855 --- simian t- ... simian t-lymphotropic virus 1 MeSH B04.909.777.731.805.855 --- simian t-lymphotropic virus 2 MeSH B04.909.777.731.850 --- ...
Bruce William Stillman
... starting with studying DNA replication of human adenovirus as a model. He then began to study how the genome of simian virus 40 ...
California National Primate Research Center
Origins of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques at the New England Regional Primate Research Center. J. Med. ... The research center was the site of this outbreak in what is being considered the first known case of an adenovirus jumping ... In 2009 an outbreak of a monkey-killing cold virus identified as an adenovirus infected both monkeys and humans, with the ... There is a growing evidence of the contribution of CNPRC to the origins of Simian Immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Evidence from ...
Oncovirus
The adenovirus E1B protein (55K) prevents p53 from regulating genes by binding to the site on p53 which binds to the genome. In ... Simian virus 40 (SV40), a polyomavirus, can cause tumors in rodent models but is not oncogenic in humans. This phenomenon has ... Adenoviruses can lead to tumors in rodent models but do not cause cancer in humans; however, they have been exploited as ... 1961: Simian Vacuolating virus 40 (SV40) discovered by Eddy at NIH, and Hillman and Sweet at Merck laboratory as a rhesus ...
Cross-species transmission
Simian foamy viruses (SFV) is an enzootic retrovirus that has high rates of cross-species transmission and has been known to ... Diseases, such as HIV and human adenoviruses have been associated with NHP interactions. In places where contact between humans ... titi monkey adenovirus) is a highly divergent, sharing ...
Harold Ginsberg
Ginsberg showed the process by which the adenovirus caused disease after entering host cells, leading to the creation of ... At the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Ginsberg performed research on Simian immunodeficiency virus, a ... He was on the faculty of Western Reserve University starting in 1951, where research he conducted showed that adenoviruses, ... "he had accomplished all he could with adenoviruses" before moving on to study HIV. A resident of both Woods Hole, Massachusetts ...
Ed Harlow
Whyte, P (1988). "Association between an oncogene and an anti-oncogene: the adenovirus E1A proteins bind to the retinoblastoma ... "Monoclonal antibodies specific for simian virus 40 tumor antigens." Journal of Virology 39.3 (1981): 861-869. Tsai, Li-Huei, et ... "Association between an oncogene and an anti-oncogene: the adenovirus E1A proteins bind to the retinoblastoma gene product." ( ... Harlow, E (1981). "Monoclonal antibodies specific for simian virus 40 tumor antigens". J Virol. 39: 861-9. PMC 171319 . PMID ...
DNA virus
Benson SD, Bamford JK, Bamford DH, Burnett RM (1999). "Viral evolution revealed by bacteriophage PRD1 and human adenovirus coat ... Family Papillomaviridae Family Phycodnaviridae Family Plasmaviridae Family Polydnaviruses Family Polyomaviridae-includes Simian ... Phylogenetic analysis of these genes places the adenoviruses (Adenoviridae), bacteriophages (Caudovirales) and the plant and ... Lipothrixviridae Family Rudiviridae Unassigned families Family Adenoviridae-includes viruses which cause human adenovirus ...
N6-Methyladenosine
Many RNA viruses including SV40, adenovirus, herpes virus, Rous sarcoma virus, and influenza virus have been known to contain ... Aloni Y, Dhar R, Khoury G (October 1979). "Methylation of nuclear simian virus 40 RNAs". Journal of Virology. 32 (1): 52-60. ...
Vectors in gene therapy
Adenoviruses are viruses that carry their genetic material in the form of double-stranded DNA. They cause respiratory, ... For example, the most popular retroviral vector for use in gene therapy trials has been the lentivirus Simian immunodeficiency ... It was found that in the absence of the E1B-55Kd viral protein, adenovirus caused very rapid apoptosis of infected, p53(+) ... Concerns about the safety of adenovirus vectors were raised after the 1999 death of Jesse Gelsinger while participating in a ...
Polyomaviridae
Kelley WL, Georgopoulos C (April 1997). "The T/t common exon of simian virus 40, JC, and BK polyomavirus T antigens can ... and adenovirus". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 53 (3): 532-542. doi:10.7589/2016-04-082. PMID 28192039. Dela Cruz FN, Li L, ... "Induction of cyclin D1 by simian virus 40 small tumor antigen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ...
FCGR1A
De SK, Venkateshan CN, Seth P, Gajdusek DC, Gibbs CJ (Mar 1998). "Adenovirus-mediated human immunodeficiency virus-1 Nef ... Eizuru Y, Minamishima Y (1989). "Induction of Fc (IgG) receptor(s) by simian cytomegaloviruses in human embryonic lung ...
SV40 large T antigen
... (Simian Vacuolating Virus 40 TAg) is a hexamer protein that is a dominant-acting oncoprotein derived from ... SV40 large TAg, other polyomavirus large T antigens, adenovirus E1a proteins, and oncogenic human papillomavirus E7 proteins ... Chen S, Paucha E (July 1990). "Identification of a region of simian virus 40 large T antigen required for cell transformation ...
Marburg virus disease
Martini, G. A.; Schmidt, H. A. (1968). "Spermatogenic transmission of the "Marburg virus". (Causes of "Marburg simian disease ... "Complex adenovirus-vectored vaccine protects guinea pigs from three strains of Marburg virus challenges". Virology. 353 (2): ...
Transporter Classification Database
Family 1.A.103 The Simian Virus 5 (Parainfluenza Virus 5) SH (SV5-SH) Family 1.A.104 The Proposed Flagellar Biosynthesis Na+ ... envelope anion-channel-forming Tic110 family 1.A.19 Type A influenza virus matrix-2 channel family 1.A.20 BCL2/Adenovirus E1B- ...
List of MeSH codes (C02)
... adenovirus infections, human MeSH C02.256.076.381 --- hepatitis, infectious canine MeSH C02.256.430.400 --- hepatitis b MeSH ... simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome MeSH C02.782.815.616.900 --- visna MeSH C02.782.815.622 --- leukemia, feline MeSH ...
DNA vaccination
An effective prime-boost strategy for the simian malarial model P. knowlesi has also been demonstrated. Rhesus monkeys were ... adenovirus tripartite leader (TPL) sequences and modifications to the polyadenylation and transcriptional termination sequences ... Shigella or Listeria vectors for oral administration to the intestinal mucosa and recombinant adenovirus vectors. Another ...
Mastadenovirus - Wikipedia
serotype 14: can cause potentially fatal adenovirus infections. Canine adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1) can lead to death in puppies, or ... Ovine mastadenovirus A Ovine mastadenovirus B Porcine mastadenovirus A Porcine mastadenovirus B Porcine mastadenovirus C Simian ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastadenovirus
Prevention of Primary Simian Adenovirus Type 7 (SA7) Tumors in Hamsters by Adoptive Transfer of Lymphoid Cells: Role of...
Prevention of Primary Simian Adenovirus Type 7 (SA7) Tumors in Hamsters by Adoptive Transfer of Lymphoid Cells: Role of ... Datta S.K., Trentin J.J., McCormick K.J. (1981) Prevention of Primary Simian Adenovirus Type 7 (SA7) Tumors in Hamsters by ...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-0495-2_16
A simian-adenovirus-vectored rabies vaccine suitable for thermostabilisation and clinical development for low-cost single-dose...
ChAdOx2 RabG is based upon a simian adenovirus-vectored candidate previously shown to achieve protection after a single dose in ... Adenoviruses Is the Subject Area "Adenoviruses" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0006870 Safety and Tolerability of Conserved Region Vaccines Vectored by Plasmid DNA, Simian Adenovirus and Modified Vaccinia Virus...
... a non-replicating simian (chimpanzee) adenovirus ChAdV-63 and a non-replicating poxvirus, modified vaccinia virus Ankara. A ... safety concerns associated with human adenovirus serotype-5 vectors. To tackle HIV-1 variation, we designed a unique T-cell ... Adenoviruses Is the Subject Area "Adenoviruses" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0101591
Immunogenicity and efficacy of the novel cancer vaccine based on simian adenovirus and MVA vectors alone and in combination...
The simian adenovirus, ChAdOx1, and modified vaccinia Ankara virus, MVA, encoding a prostate cancer-associated antigen, the six ... Immunogenicity and efficacy of the novel cancer vaccine based on simian adenovirus and MVA vectors alone and in combination ... More News: Adenoviruses , Allergy & Immunology , Cancer , Cancer & Oncology , Cancer Vaccines , Epithelial Cancer , ... We are pioneering approaches to treat advanced CaP that employ conditionally replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses that ...
https://medworm.com/176206404/immunogenicity-and-efficacy-of-the-novel-cancer-vaccine-based-on-simian-adenovirus-and-mva-vectors-a/
Development of a novel simian adenovirus 24 based vaccine vector | Retrovirology | Full Text
Human adenovirus serotype 5 is a potent vaccine vector, but its use has been hampered by high seroprevalence amongst people in ... Here we describe the development of a simian Ad24 (sAd24)-based vaccine vector. ... using a panel of 106 rhesus macaque sera and 128 human sera from Rwanda and South Africa using a luciferase-based adenovirus ...
https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-4690-9-S2-P309 Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple Species ...
Home » Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple ... Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple Species ... Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple Species ... Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple Species ...
http://www.nouscom.com/2012/01/04/vaccine-vectors-derived-from-a-large-collection-of-simian-adenoviruses-induce-potent-cellular-immunity-across-multiple-species/ Isolation of a novel monkey adenovirus reveals a new phylogenetic clade in the evolutionary history of simian adenoviruses |...
Human Adenovirus A to G, and Simian Adenovirus A). In this study, a novel adenovirus was isolated from a colony of cynomolgus ... Sequence analysis of these four genes showed that the new isolate had 80% identity to other primate adenoviruses and lacked ... Adenoviruses of primates include human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) isolates classified into 8 species ( ... on SAdV and represents an important contribution to the understanding of the evolutionary history of primate adenoviruses. ...
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-422X-8-125
Adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 tumor antigen, and human papillomavirus E7 protein share the capacity to disrupt the...
We suggest that the ability of E1A, the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen, and E7 to dissociate the E2F-pRb complex may be a ... We now show that the E7 protein and the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen can dissociate the E2F-pRb complex, dependent on ... the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen, and the human papillomavirus E7 protein share a short amino acid sequence that ... The adenovirus E1A gene product, the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen, and the human papillomavirus E7 protein share a short ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Adenovirus-E1A%2C-simian-virus-40-tumor-antigen%2C-and-Chellappan-Kraus/a23bd7f8d7986d97223474dbd24d77e8bbdb8285
The structure and expression of two defective adenovirus 2/simian virus 40 hybrids - CSHL Scientific Digital Repository
Two new defective adenovirus 2/simian virus 40 hybrids (Ad2+ D1 and Ad2 + D2) have been isolated from the population known as ... The DNA of Ad2+D1 is almost equal in size to that of its helper, adenovirus 2. It contains an insertion of simian virus 40 ( ... The structure and expression of two defective adenovirus 2/simian virus 40 hybrids ... The structure and expression of two defective adenovirus 2/simian virus 40 hybrids. J Mol Biol, 120 (2). pp. 209-47. ISSN 0022- ...
http://repository.cshl.edu/33300/ HIV vaccine; Adenovirus serotype 5; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; CD8+T cells; CD4+T cells; Step trial Archives | BioLife...
Tag: HIV vaccine; Adenovirus serotype 5; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus; CD8+T cells; CD4+T cells; Step trial. ...
https://www.biolifesolutions.com/tag/hiv-vaccine-adenovirus-serotype-5-simian-immunodeficiency-virus-cd8t-cells-cd4t-cells-step-trial/
Ask.com - What's Your Question?
Replicating Adenovirus-Simian Immunodeficiency ... - ResearchGate www.researchgate.net/profile/Katherine_Mckinnon/publication/ ... Adenovirus-Simian_Immunodeficiency_Virus_SIV_Vectors_Efficiently_Prime_SIV-Specific_Systemic_and_Mucosal_Immune_Responses_by_ ... Targeting_Myeloid_Dendritic_Cells_and_Persisting_in_Rectal_Macr/links/53d90a1d0cf2e38c6331dfad/Replicating-Adenovirus-Simian- ...
https://www.ask.com/web?q=MANNERING%20v.%20WYETH%20et%20al The Adenoviruses | Springer for Research & Development
The discovery of adenoviruses naturally induced a new interest in viruses of the human upper respiratory tract since previously ... The discovery of adenoviruses naturally induced a new interest in viruses of the human upper respiratory tract since previously ... Indeed, the field of molecular virology has evolved during the period since their dis- covery, and adenoviruses have played a ... Harold S. Ginsberg vii Contents Chapter 1 An Overview 1 Harold S. Ginsberg Chapter 2 The Architecture of Adenoviruses M. V. ...
https://rd.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-7935-5
Case-Control Study of Cancer among US Army Veterans Exposed to Simian Virus 40-contaminated Adenovirus Vaccine : American...
Exposure to adenovirus vaccine was assigned on the basis of known periods of adenovirus vaccine administration and dates of ... Simian virus 40 (SV40) was an accidental contaminant of vaccines produced in monkey kidney tissue cultures in the 1950s and ... Simian virus 40 (SV40) was an accidental contaminant of vaccines produced in monkey kidney tissue cultures in the 1950s and ... To determine if entry into US Army service during periods of administration of SV40-contaminated adenovirus vaccine was ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/aje/kwh212
Vero-SF-ACF ATCC ® CCL-81.5™ Cercopithecus aethiops
... and simian adenoviruses.. The parental Vero cell line has been show to be resistant to infection by the following viruses: ... Temperature dependence of the synthesis of adenovirus tumor and viral antigens. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 127: 642-646, 1968. ... Temperature dependence of the synthesis of adenovirus tumor and viral antigens. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 127: 642-646, 1968. ...
https://www.atcc.org/en/Global/Products/3/0/5/7/CCL-81,-d-,5.aspx?p=1&rel=%7B0%7D Vero ATCC ® CCL-81™ Cercopithecus aethiops kidney normal
Simian adenovirus 39 Simian adenovirus 32 Simian adenovirus 34 Simian adenovirus 31 Simian adenovirus 33 Simian adenovirus 36 ... Simian adenovirus 3 Simian adenovirus 17 Simian adenovirus 11 Simian adenovirus 1 Simian adenovirus 20 Simian adenovirus 20 ... Simian adenovirus 18 Simian adenovirus 16 Simian adenovirus 8 Simian adenovirus 17 Simian adenovirus 19 Simian adenovirus 21 ... Simian adenovirus 25 Simian adenovirus 22 Simian adenovirus 23 Simian adenovirus 38 Simian adenovirus 37 Simian adenovirus 27 ...
https://www.atcc.org/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/By_Tissue/Kidney/CCL-81.aspx VA RNA - Wikipedia
Kidd, AH; Garwicz D; Oberg M (1995). "Human and simian adenoviruses: phylogenetic inferences from analysis of VA RNA genes". ... These two VA RNA genes are distinct genes in the adenovirus genome. VA RNAI is the major species with VA RNAII expressed at a ... The VA (viral associated) RNA is a type of non-coding RNA found in adenovirus. It plays a role in regulating translation. There ... Ma, Y; Mathews MB (1996). "Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VA RNA I". RNA. 2 (9): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VA_RNA
A Study of AdCh63 AMA1 Alone and With MVA AMA1 - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
This is an open label phase I study, to assess the safety of a novel malaria vaccine, AdCh63 AMA1, simian adenovirus encoding ... There are a number of trials currently ongoing in Oxford which are aimed at examining a simian adenovirus as a delivery vehicle ... Other Name: Simian adenovirus, modified vaccinia Ankara virus expressing malaria antigen AMA1 ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01095055?term=NCT01095055&rank=1 A Study of AdCh63 ME−TRAP Alone and With MVA ME−TRAP - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Simian adenoviruses have not been used previously in a clinical trial in humans. However, they are under active development as ... This is an open label phase I study, to assess the safety of a novel malaria vaccine, AdCh63 ME-TRAP, simian adenovirus ... Clinical assessment of a recombinant simian adenovirus ChAd63: a potent new vaccine vector. J Infect Dis. 2012 Mar 1;205(5):772 ... Seropositive for simian adenovirus 63 (antibodies to AdCh63) at a titre ,1 ;200 ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00890019 ELM: enhanced lowest common ancestor based method for detecting a pathogenic virus from a large sequence dataset | BMC...
... the simian host was infected with a novel simian adenovirus, which is close to Simian adenovirus 3, Simian adenovirus 18 and ... We found Simian adenovirus 49, Simian adenovirus 18 and Simian adenovirus 1 in dataset 3 (Figure 3C), suggesting results ... 468 were assigned into Simian adenovirus 49 (Figure 4C). The most assigned taxon in BLAST viruses was Simian adenovirus 49, but ... Simian adenovirus 3 and Human adenovirus 54 were also changed, suggesting that ELM failed to exclude the false assignment of ...
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2105-15-254
- serotype 14: can cause potentially fatal adenovirus infections. (wikipedia.org)
- As with human adenoviral vectors, different simian vectors induced either more or less potent immune responses in mice. (nouscom.com)
- Described are vaccines comprising recombinant vectors, such as recombinant adenoviruses. (patents.com)
- Cell-mediated immunity and neutralizing antibodies contribute to control of human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) infection, but the role of nonneutralizing antibodies is not defined. (asm.org)
- The simian adenovirus, ChAdOx1, and modified vaccinia Ankara virus, MVA, encoding a prostate cancer-associated antigen, the six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1), induced strong sustained antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c male mice. (medworm.com)
- Sequence analysis of these four genes showed that the new isolate had 80% identity to other primate adenoviruses and lacked recombination events. (biomedcentral.com)
- 9. The recombinant polynucleotide vector of claim 8, wherein the recombinant polynucleotide vector is packaged into a replication-defective adenovirus selected from the group consisting of human adenovirus serotypes Ad11, Ad24, Ad26, Ad34, Ad35, Ad48, Ad49, and Ad50. (patents.com)
- We have pursued the use of E3-region deleted adenovirus (Ad) recombinant vaccines ( 18 , 33 , 44 ). (asm.org)
- Therefore, the authors deepened the vector pool by isolating more than 1000 adenovirus strains from chimpanzees. (nouscom.com)
- Chiu concluded that staff members had been exposed to the new virus, and that the virus may have jumped from baboon to human, an idea also supported by follow-up experiments in which laboratory strains of simian adenovirus C efficiently infected both human and baboon cells. (healthcanal.com)
- In 2009, scientists demonstrated that a more virulent strain of human adenovirus arose from recombination with other distinct strains of milder human adenoviruses. (healthcanal.com)
- Simian adenoviruses have not been used previously in a clinical trial in humans. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Among primates, adenoviruses (AdVs) were identified in humans, apes (chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas), several species of Old World monkeys (OWMs) and a few species of New World monkeys (NWMs). (huveta.hu)
- Adenoviruses commonly infect humans, causing colds, flu-like symptoms and sometimes even death, but now UC San Francisco researchers have discovered that a new species of adenovirus can spread from primate to primate, and potentially from monkey to human. (healthcanal.com)
- Adenoviruses to date have not generally been linked to cross-species infections between monkeys and humans," Chiu said. (healthcanal.com)
- In light of these findings, however, he said the normal vigilance in tracking animal viruses that might also infect humans should extend beyond influenza and coronaviruses to include adenoviruses. (healthcanal.com)
- Neutralizing antibodies against sAd24 were determined using a panel of 106 rhesus macaque sera and 128 human sera from Rwanda and South Africa using a luciferase-based adenovirus neutralization assay. (biomedcentral.com)
- Re-examining the samples many years later, Chiu and his colleagues found antibodies targeted to simian adenovirus C in the human samples. (healthcanal.com)
- The discovery of adenoviruses naturally induced a new interest in viruses of the human upper respiratory tract since previously unknown viruses infecting this portion of the human body had not been identified in 20 years, and their unique characteristics stimulated investigations into the biochemical events essential for replication of animal viruses. (springer.com)
- Adenovirus (Ad) E1A expression is essential for Ad replication and Ad-mediated transformation ( 34 ). (asm.org)
- Previously, we reported that sequential oral/oral or intranasal/oral (I/O) priming with replication-competent adenovirus type 5 host range mutant (Ad5hr)-SIV recombinants, followed by intramuscular envelope protein boosting, elicited systemic and mucosal cellular immunity and exhibited equivalent, significant reductions of chronic viremia after rectal SIV mac251 challenge. (asm.org)
- Adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 tumor antigen, and human papillomavirus E7 protein share the capacity to disrupt the interaction between transcription factor E2F and the retinoblastoma gene product. (semanticscholar.org)
- The adenovirus E1A gene product, the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen, and the human papillomavirus E7 protein share a short amino acid sequence that constitutes a domain required for the transforming activity of these proteins. (semanticscholar.org)
- Two new defective adenovirus 2/simian virus 40 hybrids (Ad2+ D1 and Ad2 + D2) have been isolated from the population known as Ad2++ HEY (Lewis & Rowe, 1970). (cshl.edu)
- Barban, S., 1973, Electrophoretic differences in the capsid proteins of simian virus 40 plaque mutants, J. Virol . (springer.com)
- This new virus likely formed when an existing adenovirus recombined with another, generating a new strain that was highly virulent to baboons. (healthcanal.com)
- The N-terminal region of the adenovirus (Ad) 12S E1A gene product targets several cellular proteins that are essential for the induction of S phase, cellular immortalization, cellular transformation, transcriptional repression, and transcriptional activation. (asm.org)
- Adenoviruses infecting primates belong to the genus Mastadenovirus . (biomedcentral.com)
- In contrast, viruses that use DNA as their genetic material, such as adenoviruses, are thought to have less chance of spreading between species because they replicate with fewer mutations that could serve as the basis for infection-enhancing changes. (healthcanal.com)
- In addition to the γ determinant of the fiber protein, the main type-specific epitope in adenovirus is the ε determinant present on the hexon capsid protein. (biomedcentral.com)
- The exciting discoveries made with adenoviruses have had such a pro- found effect on knowledge in basic virology, molecular biology, viral ge- netics, human and animal infections, and cell transformation that this seemed a propitious time to have some of the major contributors review this field. (springer.com)
- The VA (viral associated) RNA is a type of non-coding RNA found in adenovirus. (wikipedia.org)
- UCSF researchers previously identified a new adenovirus in New World titi monkeys that killed most of the monkeys infected during an outbreak in a closed monkey colony in California in 2009. (healthcanal.com)
- To date, at least 52 distinct human adenovirus (HAdV) types have been described. (biomedcentral.com)
- These two VA RNA genes are distinct genes in the adenovirus genome. (wikipedia.org)
- Indeed, the field of molecular virology has evolved during the period since their dis- covery, and adenoviruses have played a major role in this development. (springer.com)
- This volume pays tribute to the late Wallace Rowe, Robert Huebner, and Maurice Hilleman whose initial discoveries of adenoviruses have tremendously enriched virology. (springer.com)
- Datta S.K., Trentin J.J., McCormick K.J. (1981) Prevention of Primary Simian Adenovirus Type 7 (SA 7 ) Tumors in Hamsters by Adoptive Transfer of Lymphoid Cells: Role of Different Cell Types. (springer.com)
- Secondary and tertiary structure in the central domain of adenovirus type 2 VA RNA I". RNA. (wikipedia.org)
- Moreover, the hexon and the protease genes have been characterized in most adenovirus types providing a large amount of data for taxonomic classification of new isolates. (biomedcentral.com)