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Adenovirus E1A ProteinsAdenoviruses, HumanAdenovirus E4 ProteinsAdenovirus E1B ProteinsAdenovirus Early ProteinsAdenovirus E3 ProteinsAdenoviridaeAdenovirus Infections, HumanAdenovirus E2 ProteinsAdenoviridae InfectionsAdenovirus E1 ProteinsOncogene Proteins, ViralGenetic VectorsHeLa CellsCell LineMastadenovirusAdenoviruses, CanineMolecular Sequence DataTranscription, GeneticGenes, ViralDNA, ViralCell Transformation, ViralE1A-Associated p300 ProteinPromoter Regions, GeneticTranscription FactorsBase SequenceDNA-Binding ProteinsTransfectionGene Expression Regulation, ViralRetinoblastoma ProteinAntigens, Viral, TumorVirus ReplicationTranscription Factor DP1Adenoviruses, PorcineViral ProteinsAviadenovirusRetinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1Genetic TherapyNuclear ProteinsE2F Transcription FactorsFowl adenovirus AGene Transfer TechniquesTranscriptional ActivationAmino Acid SequenceMutationCapsid ProteinsPlasmidsGene Expression RegulationTrans-ActivatorsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsProtein BindingTumor Cells, CulturedSimian virus 40Binding SitesCell Line, TransformedReceptors, VirusTumor Suppressor Protein p53Oncolytic VirotherapyActivating Transcription FactorsRNA, MessengerAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingOncolytic VirusesKeratoconjunctivitisTransduction, GeneticCell NucleusRetinoblastoma-Like Protein p107CREB-Binding ProteinCell Transformation, NeoplasticChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseCells, CulturedApoptosisDNA ReplicationPapillomavirus E7 ProteinsGene ExpressionE2F1 Transcription FactorRepressor ProteinsRNA, ViralOncogenesKB CellsConjunctivitis, ViralCell Cycle ProteinsEnhancer Elements, GeneticCarrier ProteinsAdenovirus VaccinesTATA BoxOpen Reading FramesDependovirusCapsidCloning, MolecularRecombinant ProteinsPrecipitin TestsCell CycleProtein Phosphatase 2AcetyltransferasesPhosphoproteinsTransgenesTATA-Box Binding ProteinDNA, RecombinantTranscription Factor TFIIDCytopathogenic Effect, ViralProto-Oncogene ProteinsGenesHelper VirusesCell Line, TumorGenes, RetinoblastomaDNA, ConcatenatedDefective VirusesPolymerase Chain ReactionCricetinaeMice, NudeDNA Tumor VirusesDNADNA PrimersConserved SequenceCell DivisionMolecular Weightbeta-GalactosidaseDown-RegulationFibroblastsKidneyMice, Inbred BALB CGenes, ReporterDNA Mutational AnalysisChromosome Deletion3T3 CellsRetinoblastoma-Like Protein p130Blotting, WesternEnterovirusCell Nucleus Structuresp300-CBP Transcription FactorsAlcohol OxidoreductasesConjunctivitisE2F2 Transcription FactorCyclinsRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidSequence Homology, Amino AcidStructure-Activity RelationshipProto-Oncogene Proteins c-junPhosphorylationAtadenovirusOligonucleotide ProbesLuciferasesYY1 Transcription FactorVirus CultivationPapillomaviridaeGenes, p53RNA Polymerase IIIMembrane ProteinsTumor Suppressor ProteinsRestriction MappingGenome, ViralCercopithecus aethiopsPolyomavirusProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycCytoplasmHistone AcetyltransferasesProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenKineticsRNA SplicingUbiquitin-Protein LigasesProtein Structure, TertiaryG-Box Binding FactorsRespiratory Tract InfectionsRecombination, GeneticGenetic Complementation TestAntibodies, ViralOncogene ProteinsCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinVirusesSerotypingInclusion Bodies, ViralSequence AlignmentMutagenesisDNA Restriction EnzymesPneumonia, ViralHaplorhiniTime FactorsAntigens, ViralFluorescent Antibody TechniqueRNA Polymerase IINucleic Acid HybridizationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2Antigens, CD46Sequence DeletionMacromolecular SubstancesGene DeletionProtein BiosynthesisViral VaccinesSignal TransductionZinc FingersRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidCOS CellsGastroenteritisBinding, CompetitiveMice, Inbred C57BLCell SurvivalRats, Inbred F344Oncogenic VirusesDNA, ComplementaryTropismCytomegalovirus
Adenovirus E1A Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E1A genome region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in positive regulation of transcription of the early genes of host infection.Adenoviruses, Human: Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing a wide range of diseases in humans. Infections are mostly asymptomatic, but can be associated with diseases of the respiratory, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. Serotypes (named with Arabic numbers) have been grouped into species designated Human adenovirus A-F.Adenovirus E4 Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E4 region of ADENOVIRUSES. The E4 19K protein transactivates transcription of the adenovirus E2F protein and complexes with it.Adenovirus E1B Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E1B region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in regulation of the levels of early and late viral gene expression.Adenovirus Early Proteins: Proteins encoded by adenoviruses that are synthesized prior to, and in the absence of, viral DNA replication. The proteins are involved in both positive and negative regulation of expression in viral and cellular genes, and also affect the stability of viral mRNA. Some are also involved in oncogenic transformation.Adenovirus E3 Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E3 region of ADENOVIRUSES but not essential for viral replication. The E3 19K protein mediates adenovirus persistence by reducing the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex antigens on the surface of infected cells.Adenoviridae: A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.Adenovirus Infections, Human: Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.Adenovirus E2 Proteins: Proteins transcribed from the E2 region of ADENOVIRUSES. Several of these are required for viral DNA replication.Adenoviridae Infections: Virus diseases caused by the ADENOVIRIDAE.Adenovirus E1 Proteins: The very first viral gene products synthesized after cells are infected with adenovirus. The E1 region of the genome has been divided into two major transcriptional units, E1A and E1B, each expressing proteins of the same name (ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS and ADENOVIRUS E1B PROTEINS).Oncogene Proteins, Viral: Products of viral oncogenes, most commonly retroviral oncogenes. They usually have transforming and often protein kinase activities.Genetic Vectors: DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.HeLa Cells: The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Mastadenovirus: A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that infects MAMMALS including humans and causes a wide range of diseases. The type species is Human adenovirus C (see ADENOVIRUSES, HUMAN).Adenoviruses, Canine: Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS that causes fever, edema, vomiting, and diarrhea in dogs and encephalitis in foxes. Epizootics have also been caused in bears, wolves, coyotes, and skunks. The official species name is Canine adenovirus and it contains two serotypes.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Genes, Viral: The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.DNA, Viral: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Cell Transformation, Viral: An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus.E1A-Associated p300 Protein: A member of the p300-CBP transcription factors that was originally identified as a binding partner for ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS.Promoter Regions, Genetic: DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.Transcription Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.DNA-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.Transfection: The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Gene Expression Regulation, Viral: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic factors influence the differential control of gene action in viruses.Retinoblastoma Protein: Product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. It is a nuclear phosphoprotein hypothesized to normally act as an inhibitor of cell proliferation. Rb protein is absent in retinoblastoma cell lines. It also has been shown to form complexes with the adenovirus E1A protein, the SV40 T antigen, and the human papilloma virus E7 protein.Antigens, Viral, Tumor: Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.Virus Replication: The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.Transcription Factor DP1: A transcription factor that possesses DNA-binding and E2F-binding domains but lacks a transcriptional activation domain. It is a binding partner for E2F TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and enhances the DNA binding and transactivation function of the DP-E2F complex.Adenoviruses, Porcine: Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS, causing neurological disease in pigs.Viral Proteins: Proteins found in any species of virus.Aviadenovirus: A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that infects birds. The type species is FOWL ADENOVIRUS A.Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1: A ubiquitously expressed regulatory protein that contains a retinoblastoma protein binding domain and an AT-rich interactive domain. The protein may play a role in recruiting HISTONE DEACETYLASES to the site of RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN-containing transcriptional repressor complexes.Genetic Therapy: Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.Nuclear Proteins: Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.E2F Transcription Factors: A family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that control expression of a variety of GENES involved in CELL CYCLE regulation. E2F transcription factors typically form heterodimeric complexes with TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DP1 or transcription factor DP2, and they have N-terminal DNA binding and dimerization domains. E2F transcription factors can act as mediators of transcriptional repression or transcriptional activation.Fowl adenovirus A: The type species of the genus AVIADENOVIRUS, family ADENOVIRIDAE, an oncogenic virus of birds. This is also called CELO virus for chick embryo lethal orphan virus.Gene Transfer Techniques: The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.Transcriptional Activation: Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Capsid Proteins: Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.Trans-Activators: Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Simian virus 40: A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Cell Line, Transformed: Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.Receptors, Virus: Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.Oncolytic Virotherapy: Use of attenuated VIRUSES as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to selectively kill CANCER cells.Activating Transcription Factors: Activating transcription factors were originally identified as DNA-BINDING PROTEINS that interact with early promoters from ADENOVIRUSES. They are a family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors that bind to the consensus site TGACGTCA of the cyclic AMP response element, and are closely related to CYCLIC AMP-RESPONSIVE DNA-BINDING PROTEIN.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming: Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.Oncolytic Viruses: Tumor-selective, replication competent VIRUSES that have antineoplastic effects. This is achieved by producing cytotoxicity-enhancing proteins and/or eliciting an antitumor immune response. They are genetically engineered so that they can replicate in CANCER cells but not in normal cells, and are used in ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY.Keratoconjunctivitis: Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.Transduction, Genetic: The transfer of bacterial DNA by phages from an infected bacterium to another bacterium. This also refers to the transfer of genes into eukaryotic cells by viruses. This naturally occurring process is routinely employed as a GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUE.Cell Nucleus: Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p107: A negative regulator of the CELL CYCLE that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. It contains a conserved pocket region that binds E2F4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR and interacts with viral ONCOPROTEINS such as POLYOMAVIRUS TUMOR ANTIGENS; ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS; and PAPILLOMAVIRUS E7 PROTEINS.CREB-Binding Protein: A member of the p300-CBP transcription factor family that was initially identified as a binding partner for CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN. Mutations in CREB-binding protein are associated with RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME.Cell Transformation, Neoplastic: Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.DNA Replication: The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.Papillomavirus E7 Proteins: ONCOGENE PROTEINS from papillomavirus that deregulate the CELL CYCLE of infected cells and lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. Papillomavirus E7 proteins have been shown to interact with various regulators of the cell cycle including RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and certain cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.E2F1 Transcription Factor: An E2F transcription factor that interacts directly with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and CYCLIN A and activates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION required for CELL CYCLE entry and DNA synthesis. E2F1 is involved in DNA REPAIR and APOPTOSIS.Repressor Proteins: Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.RNA, Viral: Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Oncogenes: Genes whose gain-of-function alterations lead to NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. They include, for example, genes for activators or stimulators of CELL PROLIFERATION such as growth factors, growth factor receptors, protein kinases, signal transducers, nuclear phosphoproteins, and transcription factors. A prefix of "v-" before oncogene symbols indicates oncogenes captured and transmitted by RETROVIRUSES; the prefix "c-" before the gene symbol of an oncogene indicates it is the cellular homolog (PROTO-ONCOGENES) of a v-oncogene.KB Cells: This line KB is now known to be a subline of the ubiquitous KERATIN-forming tumor cell line HeLa. It was originally thought to be derived from an epidermal carcinoma of the mouth, but was subsequently found, based on isoenzyme analysis, HeLa marker chromosomes, and DNA fingerprinting, to have been established via contamination by HELA CELLS. The cells are positive for keratin by immunoperoxidase staining. KB cells have been reported to contain human papillomavirus18 (HPV-18) sequences.Conjunctivitis, Viral: Inflammation, often mild, of the conjunctiva caused by a variety of viral agents. Conjunctival involvement may be part of a systemic infection.Cell Cycle Proteins: Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.Enhancer Elements, Genetic: Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.Adenovirus Vaccines: Vaccines used to prevent infection by any virus from the family ADENOVIRIDAE.TATA Box: A conserved A-T rich sequence which is contained in promoters for RNA polymerase II. The segment is seven base pairs long and the nucleotides most commonly found are TATAAAA.Open Reading Frames: A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).Dependovirus: A genus of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, which are dependent on a coinfection with helper adenoviruses or herpesviruses for their efficient replication. The type species is Adeno-associated virus 2.Capsid: The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Precipitin Tests: Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.Cell Cycle: The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.Protein Phosphatase 2: A phosphoprotein phosphatase subtype that is comprised of a catalytic subunit and two different regulatory subunits. At least two genes encode isoforms of the protein phosphatase catalytic subunit, while several isoforms of regulatory subunits exist due to the presence of multiple genes and the alternative splicing of their mRNAs. Protein phosphatase 2 acts on a broad variety of cellular proteins and may play a role as a regulator of intracellular signaling processes.Acetyltransferases: Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from acetyl coenzyme A, to another compound. EC 2.3.1.PhosphoproteinsTransgenes: Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.TATA-Box Binding Protein: A general transcription factor that plays a major role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA POLYMERASES. It binds specifically to the TATA BOX promoter element, which lies close to the position of transcription initiation in RNA transcribed by RNA POLYMERASE II. Although considered a principal component of TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR TFIID it also takes part in general transcription factor complexes involved in RNA POLYMERASE I and RNA POLYMERASE III transcription.DNA, Recombinant: Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.Transcription Factor TFIID: The major sequence-specific DNA-binding component involved in the activation of transcription of RNA POLYMERASE II. It was originally described as a complex of TATA-BOX BINDING PROTEIN and TATA-BINDING PROTEIN ASSOCIATED FACTORS. It is now know that TATA BOX BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE PROTEINS may take the place of TATA-box binding protein in the complex.Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral: Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.Genes: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.Helper Viruses: Viruses which enable defective viruses to replicate or to form a protein coat by complementing the missing gene function of the defective (satellite) virus. Helper and satellite may be of the same or different genus.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Genes, Retinoblastoma: Tumor suppressor genes located on human chromosome 13 in the region 13q14 and coding for a family of phosphoproteins with molecular weights ranging from 104 kDa to 115 kDa. One copy of the wild-type Rb gene is necessary for normal retinal development. Loss or inactivation of both alleles at this locus results in retinoblastoma.DNA, Concatenated: Head to tail array of covalently joined DNA sequences generated by concatenation. Concatenated DNA is attached end to end in contrast to CATENATED DNA which is attached loop to loop.Defective Viruses: Viruses which lack a complete genome so that they cannot completely replicate or cannot form a protein coat. Some are host-dependent defectives, meaning they can replicate only in cell systems which provide the particular genetic function which they lack. Others, called SATELLITE VIRUSES, are able to replicate only when their genetic defect is complemented by a helper virus.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Cricetinae: A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.Mice, Nude: Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.DNA Tumor Viruses: DNA viruses producing malignant tumors. Of the six major groupings of DNA viruses four contain members which are actually or potentially oncogenic: the Adenoviridae, the Herpesviridae, the Papovaviridae, and the Poxviridae.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Conserved Sequence: A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.Molecular Weight: The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.beta-Galactosidase: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.Down-Regulation: A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Fibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Mice, Inbred BALB CGenes, Reporter: Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.DNA Mutational Analysis: Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.Chromosome Deletion: Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.3T3 Cells: Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.Retinoblastoma-Like Protein p130: A negative regulator of the CELL CYCLE that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. RBL2 contains a conserved pocket region that binds E2F4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR and E2F5 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. RBL2 also interacts with viral ONCOPROTEINS such as POLYOMAVIRUS TUMOR ANTIGENS; ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS; and PAPILLOMAVIRUS E7 PROTEINS.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Enterovirus: A genus of the family PICORNAVIRIDAE whose members preferentially inhabit the intestinal tract of a variety of hosts. The genus contains many species. Newly described members of human enteroviruses are assigned continuous numbers with the species designated "human enterovirus".Cell Nucleus Structures: Structures that are part of or contained in the CELL NUCLEUS.p300-CBP Transcription Factors: A family of histone acetyltransferases that is structurally-related to CREB-BINDING PROTEIN and to E1A-ASSOCIATED P300 PROTEIN. They function as transcriptional coactivators by bridging between DNA-binding TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and the basal transcription machinery. They also modify transcription factors and CHROMATIN through ACETYLATION.Alcohol Oxidoreductases: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).ConjunctivitisE2F2 Transcription Factor: An E2F transcription factor that interacts directly with RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN and CYCLIN A. E2F2 activates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION required for CELL CYCLE entry and DNA synthesis.Cyclins: A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. They generally function as ENZYME ACTIVATORS that drive the CELL CYCLE through transitions between phases. A subset of cyclins may also function as transcriptional regulators.Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid: Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun: Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Atadenovirus: A genus of ADENOVIRIDAE that comprises viruses of several species of MAMMALS and BIRDS. The type species is Ovine adenovirus D.Oligonucleotide Probes: Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.Luciferases: Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.YY1 Transcription Factor: A ubiquitously expressed zinc finger-containing protein that acts both as a repressor and activator of transcription. It interacts with key regulatory proteins such as TATA-BINDING PROTEIN; TFIIB; and ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS.Virus Cultivation: Process of growing viruses in live animals, plants, or cultured cells.Papillomaviridae: A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.Genes, p53: Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.RNA Polymerase III: A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Tumor Suppressor Proteins: Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.Restriction Mapping: Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.Genome, Viral: The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.Cercopithecus aethiops: A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.Polyomavirus: A genus of potentially oncogenic viruses of the family POLYOMAVIRIDAE. These viruses are normally present in their natural hosts as latent infections. The virus is oncogenic in hosts different from the species of origin.Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc: Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-myc genes. They are normally involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Elevated and deregulated (constitutive) expression of c-myc proteins can cause tumorigenesis.Cytoplasm: The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)Histone Acetyltransferases: Enzymes that catalyze acyl group transfer from ACETYL-CoA to HISTONES forming CoA and acetyl-histones.Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen: Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.RNA Splicing: The ultimate exclusion of nonsense sequences or intervening sequences (introns) before the final RNA transcript is sent to the cytoplasm.Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases: A diverse class of enzymes that interact with UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES and ubiquitination-specific protein substrates. Each member of this enzyme group has its own distinct specificity for a substrate and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubiquitin-protein ligases exist as both monomeric proteins multiprotein complexes.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.G-Box Binding Factors: A family of transcription factors found primarily in PLANTS that bind to the G-box DNA sequence CACGTG or to a consensus sequence CANNTG.Respiratory Tract Infections: Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.Recombination, Genetic: Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.Genetic Complementation Test: A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Oncogene Proteins: Proteins coded by oncogenes. They include proteins resulting from the fusion of an oncogene and another gene (ONCOGENE PROTEINS, FUSION).Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein: A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium-regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated CALCIUM-CALMODULIN-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.Viruses: Minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells.Serotyping: Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.Inclusion Bodies, Viral: An area showing altered staining behavior in the nucleus or cytoplasm of a virus-infected cell. Some inclusion bodies represent "virus factories" in which viral nucleic acid or protein is being synthesized; others are merely artifacts of fixation and staining. One example, Negri bodies, are found in the cytoplasm or processes of nerve cells in animals that have died from rabies.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Mutagenesis: Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.DNA Restriction Enzymes: Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.Pneumonia, Viral: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.Haplorhini: A suborder of PRIMATES consisting of six families: CEBIDAE (some New World monkeys), ATELIDAE (some New World monkeys), CERCOPITHECIDAE (Old World monkeys), HYLOBATIDAE (gibbons and siamangs), CALLITRICHINAE (marmosets and tamarins), and HOMINIDAE (humans and great apes).Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Antigens, Viral: Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.RNA Polymerase II: A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.Nucleic Acid Hybridization: Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2: Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma.Antigens, CD46: A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.Sequence Deletion: Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.Macromolecular Substances: Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.Gene Deletion: A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.Protein Biosynthesis: The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.Viral Vaccines: Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Zinc Fingers: Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid: Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.COS Cells: CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)Gastroenteritis: INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.Binding, Competitive: The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.Mice, Inbred C57BLCell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Rats, Inbred F344Oncogenic Viruses: Viruses that produce tumors.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Tropism: The directional growth of an organism in response to an external stimulus such as light, touch, or gravity. Growth towards the stimulus is a positive tropism; growth away from the stimulus is a negative tropism. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Cytomegalovirus: A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.

Development of porcine adenovirus-3 as an expression vector. (1/211)

Porcine adenovirus-3 (PAV-3) was developed as an expression vector using homologous recombination in Escherichia coli BJ 5183. As a prerequisite, the complete genome of PAV-3 was first introduced as a PacI restriction fragment into a bacterial plasmid. The plasmid, when PacI restricted and transfected into swine testicular cells, produces an infectious virus. The potential of this procedure was demonstrated by the construction of several PAV-3 recombinants. Part of the E3 region, which is nonessential for virus replication under cell culture conditions, was identified and deleted from the virus genome. The gene for glycoprotein D (gD) of pseudorabies virus (PRV), which elicits PRV-neutralizing antibodies in pigs, was cloned and expressed from the E3 region of PAV-3. A 50 kDa polypeptide was identified in recombinant PAV-3-infected cell lysates by immunoprecipitation assays using gD-specific monoclonal antibodies. In another experiment, a region between the right inverted terminal repeat and the promoter of the E4 region was used to clone and express the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of SV40 immediate early promoter. CAT gene expression was observed irrespective of the orientation of the CAT gene. These results indicate that the helper-independent recombinant PAV-3 could be used as an expression vector and has potential as a recombinant vaccine vector in pigs.  (+info)

Adenovirus E4 open reading frame 4-induced dephosphorylation inhibits E1A activation of the E2 promoter and E2F-1-mediated transactivation independently of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. (2/211)

Previous studies have shown that the cell cycle-regulated E2F transcription factor is subjected to both positive and negative control by phosphorylation. Here we show that in transient transfection experiments, adenovirus E1A activation of the viral E2 promoter is abrogated by coexpression of the viral E4 open reading frame 4 (E4-ORF4) protein. This effect does not to require the retinoblastoma protein that previously has been shown to regulate E2F activity. The inhibitory activity of E4-ORF4 appears to be specific because E4-ORF4 had little effect on, for example, E4-ORF6/7 transactivation of the E2 promoter. We further show that the repressive effect of E4-ORF4 on E2 transcription works mainly through the E2F DNA-binding sites in the E2 promoter. In agreement with this, we find that E4-ORF4 inhibits E2F-1/DP-1-mediated transactivation. We also show that E4-ORF4 inhibits E2 mRNA expression during virus growth. E4-ORF4 has previously been shown to bind to and activate the cellular protein phosphatase 2A. The inhibitory effect of E4-ORF4 was relieved by okadaic acid, which inhibits protein phosphatase 2A activity, suggesting that E4-ORF4 represses E2 transcription by inducing transcription factor dephosphorylation. Interestingly, E4-ORF4 did not inhibit the transactivation capacity of a Gal4-E2F hybrid protein. Instead, E4-ORF4 expression appears to result in reduced stability of E2F/DNA complexes.  (+info)

Novel role for E4 region genes in protection of adenovirus vectors from lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (3/211)

Target cells infected with adenovirus (Ad) vectors containing intact E3 and E4 regions were found to be relatively resistant to lysis by Ad-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Elements from both the E3 and the E4 regions were required for this effect, leading to the identification of a previously undescribed role for E4 gene products in resistance to cytolysis.  (+info)

Distinct regulation of p53 and p73 activity by adenovirus E1A, E1B, and E4orf6 proteins. (4/211)

Multiple adenovirus (Ad) early proteins have been shown to inhibit transcription activation by p53 and thereby to alter its normal biological functioning. Since these Ad proteins affect the activity of p53 via different mechanisms, we examined whether this inhibition is target gene specific. In addition, we analyzed whether the same Ad early proteins have a comparable effect on transcription activation by the recently identified p53 homologue p73. Our results show that the large E1B proteins very efficiently inhibited the activity of p53 on the Bax, p21(Waf1), cyclin G, and MDM2 reporter constructs but had no effect on the activation of the same reporter constructs by p73, with the exception of some inhibition of the Bax promoter by Ad12 E1B. The repressive effect of the E1A proteins on p53 activity is less than that seen with the large E1B proteins, but the E1A proteins inhibit the activity of both p53 and p73. We could not detect significant inhibition of p53 functions by E4orf6, but a clear repression of the transcription activation by p73 by this Ad early protein was observed. In addition, we found that stable expression of the Ad5 E1A and that of the E1B protein both caused increased p73 protein expression. The large E1B and the E4orf6 proteins together do not target the p73 protein for rapid degradation after adenoviral infection, as has previously been found for the p53 protein, probably because the large E1B protein does not interact with p73. Our results suggest that the p53 and p73 proteins are both inactivated after Ad infection and transformation but via distinct mechanisms.  (+info)

E1(-)E4(+) adenoviral gene transfer vectors function as a "pro-life" signal to promote survival of primary human endothelial cells. (5/211)

Although endothelial cells are quiescent and long-lived in vivo, when they are removed from blood vessels and cultured in vitro they die within days to weeks. In studies of the interaction of E1(-)E4(+) replication-deficient adenovirus (Ad) vectors and human endothelium, the cells remained quiescent and were viable for prolonged periods. Evaluation of these cultures showed that E1(-)E4(+) Ad vectors provide an "antiapoptotic" signal that, in association with an increase in the ratio of Bcl2 to Bax levels, induces the endothelial cells to enter a state of "suspended animation," remaining viable for at least 30 days, even in the absence of serum and growth factors. Although the mechanisms initiating these events are unclear, the antiapoptoic signal requires the presence of E4 genes in the vector genome, suggesting that one or more E4 open reading frames of subgroup C Ad initiate a "pro-life" program that modifies cultured endothelial cells to survive for prolonged periods.  (+info)

An arginine-faced amphipathic alpha helix is required for adenovirus type 5 e4orf6 protein function. (6/211)

A region in the carboxy terminus of the protein encoded by open reading frame 6 in early region 4 (E4orf6) of adenovirus type 5 was determined to be required for directing nuclear localization of the E1B 55-kDa protein and for efficient virus replication. A peptide encompassing this region, corresponding to amino acids 239 through 255 of the E4orf6 protein, was analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The peptide showed evidence of self-interaction and displayed the characteristic spectra of an amphipathic alpha helix in the helix-stabilizing solvent trifluoroethanol. Disrupting the integrity of this alpha helix in the E4orf6 protein by proline substitutions or by removing amino acids 241 through 250 abolished its ability to direct the E1B 55-kDa protein to the nucleus when both proteins were transiently expressed in HeLa cells. Expression of E4orf6 variants that failed to direct nuclear localization of the E1B 55-kDa protein failed to enhance replication of the E4 mutant virus, dl1014, whereas expression of the wild-type E4orf6 protein restored growth of dl1014 to near-wild-type levels. These results suggest that the E4orf6 protein contains an arginine-faced, amphipathic alpha helix that is critical for a functional interaction with the E1B 55-kDa protein in the cell and for the function of the E4orf6 protein during a lytic infection.  (+info)

The role of human TFIIB in transcription start site selection in vitro and in vivo. (7/211)

The general transcription factor TFIIB plays a crucial role in selecting the transcription initiation site in yeast. We have analyzed the human homologs of TFIIB mutants that have previously been shown to affect transcription start site selection in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite the distinct mechanisms of transcription start site selection observed in S. cerevisiae and humans, the role of TFIIB in this process is similar. However, unlike their yeast counterparts, the human mutants do not show a severe defect in supporting either basal transcription or transcription stimulated by an acidic activator in vitro. Transient transfection analysis revealed that, in addition to a role in transcription start site selection, human TFIIB residue Arg-66 performs a critical function in vivo that is bypassed in vitro. Furthermore, although correct transcription start site selection is dependent upon an arginine residue at position 66 in human TFIIB, innate function in vivo is determined by the charge of the residue alone. Our observations raise questions as to the evolutionary conservation of TFIIB and uncover an additional function for TFIIB that is required in vivo but can be bypassed in vitro.  (+info)

Generation of an adenovirus vector lacking E1, e2a, E3, and all of E4 except open reading frame 3. (8/211)

Toxicity and immunity associated with adenovirus backbone gene expression is an important hurdle to overcome for successful gene therapy. Recent efforts to improve adenovirus vectors for in vivo use have focused on the sequential deletion of essential early genes. Adenovirus vectors have been constructed with the E1 gene deleted and with this deletion in combination with an E2a, E2b, or E4 deletion. We report here a novel vector (Av4orf3nBg) lacking E1, E2a, and all of E4 except open reading frame 3 (ORF3) and expressing a beta-galactosidase reporter gene. This vector was generated by transfection of a plasmid carrying the full-length vector sequence into A30.S8 cells that express E1 and E2a but not E4. Production was subsequently performed in an E1-, E2a-, and E4-complementing cell line. We demonstrated with C57BL/6 mice that the Av4orf3nBg vector effected gene transfer with an efficiency comparable to that of the Av3nBg (wild-type E4) vector but that the former exhibited a higher level of beta-galactosidase expression. This observation suggests that E4 ORF3 alone is able to enhance RNA levels from the beta-galactosidase gene when the Rous sarcoma virus promoter is used to drive transgene expression in the mouse liver. In addition, we observed less liver toxicity in mice injected with the Av4orf3nBg vector than those injected with the Av3nBg vector at a comparable DNA copy number per cell. This study suggests that the additional deletion of E4 in an E1 and E2a deletion background may be beneficial in decreasing immunogenicity and improving safety and toxicity profiles, as well as increasing transgene capacity and expression for liver-directed gene therapy.  (+info)

Ebf1 - Synthetic Small Molecule Inhibitors of Hh SignalingEbf1 - Synthetic Small Molecule Inhibitors of Hh Signaling
Weve identified a spliced transcript which has sequences in the HCMV UL29 and UL28 open up reading frames. with this prediction both spliced and unspliced UL29/28 transcript was within RNA isolated from polysomes. FLAG-tagged proteins in the UL29/28 locus gathered within nuclear viral replication centers through the early stage of infection. Later after infection it had been within the cytoplasm aswell and the proteins was present and resistant to proteinase treatment in partly purified arrangements of viral Pentagastrin contaminants. Disruption from the UL29/28 locus by mutation led to a 10-fold reduction in the degrees of DNA replication plus a similar. Continue Reading. ...
746029 - Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at Bugzilla/Search.pm line 1588.746029 - Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at Bugzilla/Search.pm line 1588.
Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at Bugzilla/Search.pm line 1588. at Bugzilla/Search.pm line 1588 Bugzilla::Search::_cc_nonchanged(...) called at Bugzilla/Search.pm line 1172 Bugzilla::Search::do_search_function(...) called at Bugzilla/Search.pm line 968 Bugzilla::Search::init(...) called at Bugzilla/Search.pm line 414 Bugzilla::Search::new(...) called at buglist.cgi line ...
351 E3p key F09 - Chem 351 Name K E Nielson Practice Exam 3 Show answers clearly/cross out any answers you dont want graded...351 E3p key F09 - Chem 351 Name K E Nielson Practice Exam 3 Show answers clearly/cross out any answers you don't want graded...
View Notes - 351 E3p key F09 from CHEM 351 at BYU. Chem 351 Name K E. Nielson Practice Exam 3 Show answers clearly/cross out any answers you dont want graded. Draw structures when possible with
Adenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5kD Protein legal definition of Adenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5kD ProteinAdenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5kD Protein legal definition of Adenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5kD Protein
Definition of Adenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5kD Protein in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is Adenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5kD Protein? Meaning of Adenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5kD Protein as a legal term. What does Adenovirus E3 10.4K/14.5kD Protein mean in law?
Analysen zur Funktion des E1B-55K-Proteins von Adenovirus Typ 5 im lytischen Replikationszyklus - University of Regensburg...Analysen zur Funktion des E1B-55K-Proteins von Adenovirus Typ 5 im lytischen Replikationszyklus - University of Regensburg...
To investigate the role of the E1B/E4-complex in Ad5 replication we generated virus mutants carrying amino acid exchanges (1) in the NES of E1B-55K, E4orf6 and both proteins, (2) in the SUMO1 conjugation site (SCS) of E1B-55K and (3) in the p53- and MRN-interacting domain of E1B-55K. These studies confirm that E1B-55K and presumably the E1B/E4-complex is exported to the cytoplasm via the export receptor CRM1 in infected cells. As opposed to the E4orf6 NES functional inactivation of the corresponding motif in E1B-55K causes an almost complete redistribution of the viral protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and its accumulation at the periphery of the viral replication centers. Interestingly, however, this nuclear restriction imposed upon the NES mutant protein is fully compensated by concurrent inactivation of the adjacent SCS. These findings indicate that SUMOylation plays a role in the targeting of E1B-55K to the viral transcription and replication centers and implicate that SUMO1 ...
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Human BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa Interacting Protein 1 (BNIP1) Protein (GST tag), Recombinant | ABIN1346798Human BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa Interacting Protein 1 (BNIP1) Protein (GST tag), Recombinant | ABIN1346798
Recombinant BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa Interacting Protein 1 (BNIP1) Protein (GST tag). Species: Human. Source: Wheat germ. Order product ABIN1346798.
Novel serial code concatenation strategies for error floor mitigation of low-density parity-check and turbo product codes -...Novel serial code concatenation strategies for error floor mitigation of low-density parity-check and turbo product codes -...
This paper presents a novel multiple serial code concatenation (SCC) strategy to combat the error-floor problem in iterated sparse graph-based error correc
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa Interacting Protein 3-Like (BNIP3L) AntikörperBCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa Interacting Protein 3-Like (BNIP3L) Antikörper
Reaktivität: Fledermaus, Rind (Kuh), Hund and more. 114 verschiedene BNIP3L Antikörper vergleichen. Alle direkt auf antikörper-online bestellbar!
Globe LEDs | Bulbtronics.comGlobe LEDs | Bulbtronics.com
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String FormulasString Formulas
String Concatenation. You can combine two string into a single string by using either the CONCATENATE function or the & operator. Unfortunately, neither of these can be used in an array formula to selectively build up a result string based on other criteria. See String Concatenation For Array Formulas for a VBA function that can be used in an array formula to build a string based on selection criteria. This page last updated: 2-November-2007 ...
Solaris Volume Manager Administration GuideSolaris Volume Manager Administration Guide
The Solaris Volume Manager Administration Guide provides instructions on using Solaris Volume Manager to manage disk storage, including creating, modifying, and using RAID-0 (concatenation and stripe) volumes, RAID-1 (mirror) volumes, RAID-5 volumes, and soft partitions.
豬生殖與呼吸綜合症病毒ORF3基因之表現 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統豬生殖與呼吸綜合症病毒ORF3基因之表現 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統
為了解豬生殖與呼吸綜合症病毒ORF3蛋白之表現及性質，本研究將台灣分離株MD-001之ORF3基因構築於真核綠色螢光蛋白表現載體，以便追蹤ORF3綠色螢光融合蛋白的表現。結果顯示實驗組之ORF3綠色螢光蛋白只出現在細胞質，並有聚集在細胞一端的情況；而控制組之綠色螢光蛋白則均勻分佈於整個細胞。此外，實驗組表現之綠色螢光的細胞數量雖然不多，但其表現細胞卻多呈圓形化。以西方轉漬法可確認綠色螢光蛋白在控制組細胞內的表現，但是不管在細胞內或培養的上清液中皆無法偵測到ORF3綠色螢光蛋白。為瞭解此結果是否與表現量過低有關，進一步分析兩組細胞表現的綠色螢光蛋白mRNA，發現實驗組與控制組的基因表現量無明顯差異。未來需要設計不同實驗釐清上述現象是否為ORF3蛋白可能具有細胞毒性相關特性或是與綠色螢光蛋白融合所致
Adenolipomatosis definitionAdenolipomatosis definition
... adenolipomatosis adenolipomatosis ad·e·no·li·po·ma·to·sis (ādn-ō-lĭ-pōmə-tōsĭs) n. A condition marked by the development of multiple adenolipomas.
C7orf52抗体| Abcam中国C7orf52抗体| Abcam中国
购买C7orf52兔多克隆抗体(ab121702)，C7orf52抗体经WB,IHC-P,ICC/IF验证，可与人样本反应。产品出库一年都在质保范围内。中国现货速达。
C2orf42 | 遺伝子情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンターC2orf42 | 遺伝子情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
遺伝子「C2orf42」の詳細情報です。J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンターは研究者、文献、特許などの情報をつなぐことで、異分野の知や意外な発見などを支援する新しいサービスです。またJST内外の良質なコンテンツへ案内いたします。
C1orf127 | 遺伝子情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンターC1orf127 | 遺伝子情報 | J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンター
遺伝子「C1orf127」の詳細情報です。J-GLOBAL 科学技術総合リンクセンターは研究者、文献、特許などの情報をつなぐことで、異分野の知や意外な発見などを支援する新しいサービスです。またJST内外の良質なコンテンツへ案内いたします。
Functions of the adenovirus E1B tumour antigens - CSHL Scientific Digital RepositoryFunctions of the adenovirus E1B tumour antigens - CSHL Scientific Digital Repository
The adenovirus E1B gene products are required for productive infection of human cells and for complete transformation of rodent cells in cooperation with the E1A gene products. Two major, unrelated polypeptides of 55,000 (55K) and 19,000 (19K) daltons are encoded by the E1B region. The 55K protein is required for efficient DNA replication, late mRNA transport to the cytoplasm and shut-off of cellular mRNA transport in productively infected cells. This protein is required for virus-mediated, but not DNA-mediated, transformation of rodent cells. It appears that the 55K protein does not directly contribute to cell transformation, but influences the oncogenicity of adenoviruses when they are inoculated into newborn hamsters. In contrast, the 19K protein is required for adenovirus induced cellular transformation and oncogenicity and localizes to membranes of the nuclear envelope, cytoplasm and the cell surface in transformed cells. This protein affects the efficiency of virus growth in some, but not ...
RFC 5831 - GOST R 34.11-94: Hash Function AlgorithmRFC 5831 - GOST R 34.11-94: Hash Function Algorithm
RFC 5831 GOST R 34.11-94 March 2010 The hash function, defined in GOST R 34.11-94, is used for digital signature systems based on the asymmetric cryptographic algorithm according to GOST R 34.10-2001 (see section 3). 3. Conventions Used in This Document The following notations are used in GOST R 34.11-94: V_all is a set of all finite words in the alphabet V = {0,1}. The words are read from right to left and the alphabet symbols are numbered from right to left (i.e., the rightmost symbol of the word has the number one, the second rightmost symbol has number two, etc.). Vk is a set of all words in alphabet V = {0,1} of length k bits (k=16,64,256). ,A, is the length of a word A belonging to V_all. A,,B is a concatenation of words A, B belonging to V_all. Its length is ,A, + ,B,, where the left ,A, symbols come from the word A, and the right ,B, symbols come from the word B. One can also use the notation A,,B = A * B. A^k is a concatenation of k copies of the word A (A belongs to V_all). ,N,_k is a ...
RE: DATAFILE??RE: DATAFILE??
Subject: RE: DATAFILE?? The best way to find out is to try it. You will probably find that it depends. If you use a LMT and do uniform extents then it will do it by concatenation. (fill up the first file then move on to the 2nd etc.). If you create an LMT and do automatic extents then it is different. It does it by striping. The first extent goes in the first file, the 2nd in the 2nd file... You can see this by setting up a small test. Jim -----Original Message ...
Confessions of an Overachiever (III) | K E GarlandConfessions of an Overachiever (III) | K E Garland
Part I and Part II Somewhere in between all of that driving I had to ask myself what are you doing? While I believe in hard work, Im also a firm believer that life shouldnt be hard work. Theres a difference between a challenge and an uphill battle. Facing challenges in order to attain goals…
Confessions of an Overachiever (III) | K E GarlandConfessions of an Overachiever (III) | K E Garland
Part I and Part II Somewhere in between all of that driving I had to ask myself what are you doing? While I believe in hard work, Im also a firm believer that life shouldnt be hard work. Theres a difference between a challenge and an uphill battle. Facing challenges in order to attain goals…
İstatistik - Çağlayan Kitap & Yayıncılık & Eğitimİstatistik - Çağlayan Kitap & Yayıncılık & Eğitim
Dünyaca bilinen yayınevlerinin özellikle teknik kitaplar konusunda yıllardır sürdürmüş olduğu ithalatı ile muhtelif konularda binlerce kitap stoklarında mevcuttur. Ayrıca, İngilizce üniversite ders kitapları, uygulama, el ve referans kitaplarının satışı ile hizmet vermektedir. 2004 yılının Ağustosunda www.caglayan.com sitesinin yayınına başlamış ve hızla büyüyen ilgi ile geliştirilmektedir ...
The adenovirus E4 11k protein binds and relocalizes the cytoplasmic P-body component Ddx6 to aggresomes<...The adenovirus E4 11k protein binds and relocalizes the cytoplasmic P-body component Ddx6 to aggresomes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The adenovirus E4 11k protein binds and relocalizes the cytoplasmic P-body component Ddx6 to aggresomes. AU - Greer, Amy E.. AU - Hearing, Patrick. AU - Ketner, Gary W. PY - 2011/8/15. Y1 - 2011/8/15. N2 - The adenovirus E4 11k protein, product of E4 ORF3, is required in infection for processes including normal accumulation of viral late mRNAs. 11. k restructures both the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells by relocalizing specific host cell target proteins, most strikingly components of nuclear PML oncogenic domains. It is likely that in many cases relocalization inactivates target proteins to produce 11. ks effects, although the mechanism and targets for stimulation of late mRNA accumulation is unknown. We have identified a new set of proteins relocalized by 11. k: at least five protein components of cytoplasmic mRNA processing bodies (p-bodies) are found in 11. k-induced cytoplasmic aggresomes, sites where proteins are inactivated or destroyed. One of these p-body ...
Conserved region 2 of adenovirus E1A has a function distinct from pRb binding required to prevent cell cycle arrest by p16...Conserved region 2 of adenovirus E1A has a function distinct from pRb binding required to prevent cell cycle arrest by p16...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Conserved region 2 of adenovirus E1A has a function distinct from pRb binding required to prevent cell cycle arrest by p16(INK4a) or p27(Kip1). AU - Alevizopoulos, Konstantinos. AU - Sanchez, Belén. AU - Amati, Bruno. PY - 2000/4/13. Y1 - 2000/4/13. N2 - Ectopic expression of the CDK inhibitors (CKIs) p16(INK4a) and p27(Kip1) in Rat1 fibroblasts induces dephosphorylation and activation of Retinoblastoma-family proteins (pRb, p107 and p130), their association with E2F proteins, and cell cycle arrest in G1. The growth-inhibitory action of p16, in particular, is believed to be mediated essentially via pRb activation. The 12S E1A protein of human Adenovirus 5 associates with pRb-family proteins via residues in its Conserved Regions (CR) 1 and 2, in particular through the motif LXCXE in CR2. These interactions are required for E1A to prevent G1 arrest upon co-expression of CKIs. We show here that mutating either of two conserved motifs adjacent to LXCXE in CR2, GFP and SDDEDEE, also ...
Prod m koda Superb 1,8 TSi BI-Xenon*Navi*K e*PDC Benz n Kombi - Tempomat - Sedadla potah - Alu kola - auto inzer t na Cars.czProd m koda Superb 1,8 TSi BI-Xenon*Navi*K e*PDC Benz n Kombi - Tempomat - Sedadla potah - Alu kola - auto inzer t na Cars.cz
detail vozidla:, koda, Superb, 1.8 TSi BI-Xenon*Navi*K e*PDC, Benz n, Kombi, V provozu od 2010, Cena vozidla 244444,- K , SUPRKARA - CERTIFIKOVAN T V NORD +CEBIA+, B eclav, Jihomoravsk kraj
K e ek roborovsk (Phodopus roborovskii) - Rodentia - Hlodavci - My ovit , K e kovit , Plchovit | Animals HoldingK e ek roborovsk (Phodopus roborovskii) - Rodentia - Hlodavci - My ovit , K e kovit , Plchovit | Animals Holding
M popelav edou podsadu a okrov r ov , dlouh pes ky. B icho i cel spodn st t la je b l . Vousky sm uj hodn kup edu a d vaj tak charakteristick tvar um ku. Zvl tnost jsou ochlupen chodidla. Barevn mutace nejsou zn my.
trying to concatenate the last column variable into the rangetrying to concatenate the last column variable into the range
Hi, Keep getting an error on line 6. I cant seem to solve the concatenation Im trying to get the last column variable into the range. remove dashes from part numbers on DSV base data sheet first...
F# News: 2013F# News: 2013
The last point of interest is the performance of these different functions when applied to a very long input string. As none of these functions uses repeated concatenation they are all linear time. When given ten million strings on this machine the simplest solution takes 0.79s, the functional state machine takes 0.81s, the imperative state machine takes 54s and the solution using String.init takes just 0.38s. Given such a small performance difference, the winning solution in the vast majority of cases is the simplest solution ...
C15orf59抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-C15orf59抗体C15orf59抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-C15orf59抗体
C15orf59兔多克隆抗体(ab122729)可与人样本反应并经IHC, ICC/IF实验严格验证。中国75%以上现货，所有产品均提供质保服务，可通过电话、电邮或微信获得本地专属技术支持。
Interaction of CtBP with adenovirus E1A suppresses immortalization of primary epithelial cells and enhances virus replication...Interaction of CtBP with adenovirus E1A suppresses immortalization of primary epithelial cells and enhances virus replication...
Adenovirus E1A induces cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and promotes viral replication through interaction with p300/CBP, TRRAP/p400 multi-protein complex and the retinoblastoma (pRb) family proteins through distinct domains in the E1A N-terminal region. The C-terminal region of E1A suppresses E1A/Ras co-transformation and interacts with FOXK1/K2, DYRK1A/1B/HAN11 and CtBP1/2 (CtBP) protein complexes. To specifically dissect the role of CtBP interaction with E1A, we engineered a mutation (DL→AS) within the CtBP-binding motif, PLDLS, and investigated the effect of the mutation on immortalization and Ras cooperative transformation of primary cells and viral replication. Our results suggest that CtBP-E1A interaction suppresses immortalization and Ras co-operative transformation of primary rodent epithelial cells without significantly influencing the tumorigenic activities of transformed cells in immunodeficient and immunocompetent animals. During productive infection, CtBP-E1A ...
PHP: array merge - ManualPHP: array merge - Manual
I propose that `array_concat` be created as an alias of `array_merge`. The concatenation of an associative array is also consistent with trying to merge the hash maps. For example there is a Stack Overflow question on concatenating two dictionaries that is marked as a duplicate of the function How to merge two Python dictionaries. That is, it is consistent that hash map concatenation is the same as hash map merging ...
Pet Hračka Bite Odolný kočičí hudební zvuk Molars hračka Teddy Gold kožešinová móda hračka kůže S | Gearbest ČeskoPet Hračka Bite Odolný kočičí hudební zvuk Molars hračka Teddy Gold kožešinová móda hračka kůže S | Gearbest Česko
Prodám Pet Hračka Bite Odolný kočičí hudební zvuk Molars hračka Teddy Gold kožešinová móda hračka kůže S, prodej končí brzy. Objevte inspirativní cenově dostupné nákupy v Gearbestu!
CH310N Spring09 HW02-1 - Sessler CH310N Homework Problem Set 2 Due Thursday February 5th 1 K E Y Please write the first three...CH310N Spring09 HW02-1 - Sessler CH310N Homework Problem Set 2 Due Thursday February 5th 1 K E Y Please write the first three...
View Notes - CH310N_Spring09_HW02-1 from CH 53185 at University of Texas. Sessler CH310N Homework Problem Set 2 Due Thursday February 5th 1 K E Y Please write the first three letters of your last
KEGG ORTHOLOGY: K04498KEGG ORTHOLOGY: K04498
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the adenovirus E1A-associated 300-kD protein (p300) reveals a protein with properties of a transcriptional adaptor ...
Adenovirus early region genes | definition of adenovirus early region genes by Medical dictionaryAdenovirus early region genes | definition of adenovirus early region genes by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of adenovirus early region genes in the Medical Dictionary? adenovirus early region genes explanation free. What is adenovirus early region genes? Meaning of adenovirus early region genes medical term. What does adenovirus early region genes mean?
Adenovirus genome - WikipediaAdenovirus genome - Wikipedia
Adenovirus genomes are linear, non-segmented double-stranded (ds) DNA molecules that are typically 26-46 Kbp long, containing 23-46 protein-coding genes. The example used for the following description is Human adenovirus E, a mastadenovirus with a 36 Kbp genome containing 38 protein-coding genes. While the precise number and identity of genes varies among adenoviruses, the basic principles of genome organization and the functions of most of the genes described in this article are shared among all adenoviruses. The 38 genes in the Human Adenovirus E genome are organized in 17 transcription units, each containing 1-8 coding sequences. Alternative splicing during processing of the pre-mRNAs produced by each transcription unit enable multiple different mRNAs to be produced from one transcription unit. The E1A, E1B, E2A, E2B, E3, and E4 transcription units are successively transcribed early in the viral reproductive cycle. The proteins coded for by genes within these transcription units are mostly ...
Repression of cytochrome P‐450c gene expression by cotransfection with adenovirus E1a DNA<...Repression of cytochrome P‐450c gene expression by cotransfection with adenovirus E1a DNA<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Repression of cytochrome P‐450c gene expression by cotransfection with adenovirus E1a DNA. AU - SOGAWA, Kazuhiro. AU - HANDA, Hiroshi. AU - FUJISAWA‐SEHARA, Atsuko. AU - HIROMASA, Takako. AU - YAMANE, Miyuki. AU - FUJII‐KURIYAMA, Yoshiaki. PY - 1989/5. Y1 - 1989/5. N2 - Gene expression of rat cytochrome P‐450c (P‐450c) depends upon inducible enhancers scattered in the 5′‐upstream region of the gene. We show that expression of the P‐450c gene is repressed by contransfection with adenovirus E1a DNA, regardless of the presence or absence of inducers, in a transient expression system of HeLa cells. Since cotransfection of either 13S or 12S E1a cDNA was effective in the repression, the region necessary for repression could be separated from that of transactivation of other adenovirus early genes. Moreover, we investigated the regions responsible for the inhibitory activity using in‐frame deletion mutants lacking internal or external portions of the E1a proteins. The ...
2V6.11 [JHU-67] ATCC ® CRL-2784™ Homo sapiens kidney2V6.11 [JHU-67] ATCC ® CRL-2784™ Homo sapiens kidney
This line was derived from the human embryonic kidney line, 293 in 2001. 293 cells were transfected with the plasmid pVgRXR bearing a Zeocin-resistance selectable marker to obtain 293VgRXR cells. This population was subsequently transfected with the plasmid pEKORF6 containing Ad5 E4 ORF 6 that encodes E4 34K. pEKORF6 is a derivative of the plasmid pIndHydro that contains a hygromycin resistance gene. The vectors contain SV40 viral DNA sequences. The 2V6.11 cell line was originally selected in hygromycin-containing medium and cloned by single-colony isolation with a cloning cylinder. The 2V6.11 cells inducibly express the human adenovirus E4, 34kDa protein (E4 ORF6). 2V6.11 cells exhibit little or no constitutive E4 biologic activity. Induction by ponasterone A, an ecdysone analog, however, results in E4 biologic activity and levels of E4 34kDa protein that are detectable by immunoblotting. These cells can be used as a tool to study the biology of the adenoviral E4 oncoprotein.
Re^3: glob behaviorRe^3: glob behavior
A : U:/TEMP/TEMP/A : U:/TEMP/TEMP/A/Test01.txt, Use of uninitialized value $file in concatenation (.) or string at ... + line 17. D : U:/TEMP/TEMP/D : , C : U:/TEMP/TEMP/C : U:/TEMP/TEMP/C/Test03.txt, Use of uninitialized value $file in concatenation (.) or string at ... + line 17. E : U:/TEMP/TEMP/E : , B : U:/TEMP/TEMP/B : U:/TEMP/TEMP/B/Test02.txt ...
MIR1538 Human Adenovirus (NR 031719) | Applied Biological Materials Inc.MIR1538 Human Adenovirus (NR 031719) | Applied Biological Materials Inc.
Premade Human MIR1538 Adenovirus (NR_031719), ready-to-use and available with your choice of HA tag, His tag, GFP reporter or untagged.
Phoenix-AMPHO ATCC ® CRL-3213™ Homo sapiens kidneyPhoenix-AMPHO ATCC ® CRL-3213™ Homo sapiens kidney
HEK 293T/17 cells were transformed with adenovirus E1a carrying a temperature sensitive T antigen co-selected with neomycin. Transformation was brought about by the insertion of approximately 4.5 kilobases of viral genome into human chromosome 19.
Kevin RothKevin Roth
Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kd interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) regulates hypoxia-induced neural precursor cell death. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology. 68:1326-1338. 2009 ...
Adenovirus Type 9 (E4 Orf1) - AP30021PU-N | acris-antibodies.comAdenovirus Type 9 (E4 Orf1) - AP30021PU-N | acris-antibodies.com
Adenovirus Type 9, 0.1 mg. The many different serotypes of human adenoviruses (Ad) are divided into six subgroups, of which all Ad subgroup A and B and two subgroup D Ads can elicit tumors in infected rodents.
Adenovirus E3 protein modulates leukocyte functionsAdenovirus E3 protein modulates leukocyte functions
2013 (English)In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, ISSN 0027-8424, E-ISSN 1091-6490, Vol. 110, no 50, 19976-19977 p.Article in journal, Editorial material (Other academic) Published ...
SearchSearch
Human and many other animals can detect, recognize, and classify natural actions in a very short time. How this is achieved by the visual system and how to make machines understand natural actions have been the focus of neurobiological studies and computational modeling in the last several decades. A key issue is what spatial-temporal features should be encoded and what the characteristics of their occurrences are in natural actions. Current global encoding schemes depend heavily on segmenting while local encoding schemes lack descriptive power. Here, we propose natural action structures, i.e., multi-size, multi-scale, spatial-temporal concatenations of local features, as the basic features for representing natural actions. In this concept, any action is a spatial-temporal concatenation of a set of natural action structures, which convey a full range of information about natural actions. We took several steps to extract these structures. First, we sampled a large number of sequences of patches ...
Human adenovirus A serotype 12 (HAdV-12) (Human adenovirus 12)Human adenovirus A serotype 12 (HAdV-12) (Human adenovirus 12)
Your basket is currently empty. i ,p>When browsing through different UniProt proteins, you can use the basket to save them, so that you can back to find or analyse them later.,p>,a href=/help/basket target=_top>More...,/a>,/p> ...
alkaa - Wiktionaryalkaa - Wiktionary
Historically, the verbs concatenation depended on geography: alkaa tehdä (alkaa + infinitive) was dominant in Eastern dialects and alkaa tekemään (alkaa + illative of third infinitive) in Western dialects. However, as Finnish went through several reforms in the 1800s with the goal of including Eastern characteristics in the then-Western-dominated standard language, alkaa + infinitive became standard. The Western usage persisted in colloquial contexts and by late 1900s became increasingly equal with the Eastern one. Eventually in February 2014, the Institute for the Languages of Finland formally accepted both the forms.[1] ...
CiNii 博士論文 - Molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis in transgenic mice carrying E1A and E1B genes of human adenovirusCiNii 博士論文 - Molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis in transgenic mice carrying E1A and E1B genes of human adenovirus
眼窩静脈叢採取血液と心臓採取血液の血液生化学値の比較-眼窩静脈叢採取血液での酵素値の上昇- / p99 (0165.jp2 ...
ADENOVIRUS INFECTION: SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT (Doctors Ask - Diseases 2018)ADENOVIRUS INFECTION: SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT (Doctor's Ask - Diseases 2018)
Doctors Ask: Adenovirus infection is exposed to all segments of the population. Basic manifestations of adenovirus infection The latent (incubation period) is usually 5-7 days. The disease most often begins acutely, from the phenomena of intoxication: slight increase in temperature, rashes in the body, chills, lethargy, headache, loss of appetite, etc.
Appendix A: Exercise SolutionsAppendix A: Exercise Solutions
Save this as ch02_q1.htm. We get the degrees centigrade the user wants to convert by using the prompt() function, and store it inside the degCent variable.. We then do our calculation, which uses the data stored in degCent and converts it to Fahrenheit. The result is assigned to the degFahren variable.. Finally, we write the results to the web page, building it up in a sentence using the concatenation operator +. Note how JavaScript knows in the calculation that degCent is to be treated as a number, but in the document.write() it knows that it should be treated as text for concatenation. So how does it know? Simple, it looks at the context. In the calculation, degCent is surrounded by numbers and numerical only operators, such as * and /. In the document.write(), degCent is surrounded by strings, hence JavaScript assumes the + means concatenate.. ...
A Fortuitous Concatenation: 2011A Fortuitous Concatenation: 2011
Race and gender considerations are mentioned, but it is not clear if these were separate criteria, or if they only had a bearing on which BSA formula to use. To give them the benefit of the doubt, I will leave them in as bonus benchmarks. The authors then go on to recommend the data from Detroit as the "optimal" data set.. While I dont disagree with any of these benchmarks, I do think some clarification might be useful. An allometric equation is certainly a useful approach for describing the growth of structures-- the biologic relationship between structure and body size-- and I am a big fan of this approach. A "sophisticated" analysis like the LMS method is a completely different approach, independent and ignorant of any underlying biologic process. I am also a big fan of this type of analysis. The message here is that you either do a predictive analysis, preferably using an allometric equation OR you do a descriptive analysis, preferably using the LMS method.. The principle feature of the LMS ...
Gentaur Molecular :bio-gentaur \ Adenovirus Type 14 Culture Fluid \ GEN0810108CFGentaur Molecular :bio-gentaur \ Adenovirus Type 14 Culture Fluid \ GEN0810108CF
Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , bio-gentaur \ Adenovirus Type 14 Culture Fluid \ GEN0810108CF for more molecular products just contact us
AdenovirusAdenovirus
This post is about adenovirus infection, a major cause of illness both minor and severe in the United States, especially among children in group settings.
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Addgene: pKK-BI16-ORF1-3C-mRuby3 ORF2-TEV-mClover3Addgene: pKK-BI16-ORF1-3C-mRuby3 ORF2-TEV-mClover3
Plasmid pKK-BI16-ORF1-3C-mRuby3_ORF2-TEV-mClover3 from Dr. Andrzej Dziembowskis lab is published in PLoS One. 2018 Mar 28;13(3):e0194887. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194887. eCollection 2018. This plasmid is available through Addgene.
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PapillomaviridaePapillomaviridae
MPDZMPDZ
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
TFDP1TFDP1
GABPAGABPA
Adenovirus genomeAdenovirus genome
Adenovirus E1B proteinAdenovirus E1B protein
Tight junction protein 2Tight junction protein 2
E4F1E4F1
S100A10S100A10
HNRPUL1HNRPUL1
Genetically modified virusGenetically modified virus
List of MeSH codes (D23)List of MeSH codes (D23)
Human papillomavirus infectionHuman papillomavirus infection
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Adenovirus E1A ProteinsAdenoviruses, HumanAdenovirus E4 ProteinsAdenovirus E1B ProteinsAdenovirus Early ProteinsAdenovirus E3 ProteinsAdenoviridaeAdenovirus Infections, HumanAdenovirus E2 ProteinsAdenoviridae InfectionsAdenovirus E1 ProteinsOncogene Proteins, ViralGenetic VectorsHeLa CellsCell LineMastadenovirusAdenoviruses, CanineMolecular Sequence DataTranscription, GeneticGenes, ViralDNA, ViralCell Transformation, ViralE1A-Associated p300 ProteinPromoter Regions, GeneticTranscription FactorsBase SequenceDNA-Binding ProteinsTransfectionGene Expression Regulation, ViralRetinoblastoma ProteinAntigens, Viral, TumorVirus ReplicationTranscription Factor DP1Adenoviruses, PorcineViral ProteinsAviadenovirusRetinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1Genetic TherapyNuclear ProteinsE2F Transcription FactorsFowl adenovirus AGene Transfer TechniquesTranscriptional ActivationAmino Acid SequenceMutationCapsid ProteinsPlasmidsGene Expression RegulationTrans-ActivatorsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsProtein BindingTumor Cells, CulturedSimian virus 40Binding SitesCell Line, TransformedReceptors, VirusTumor Suppressor Protein p53Oncolytic VirotherapyActivating Transcription FactorsRNA, MessengerAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingOncolytic VirusesKeratoconjunctivitisTransduction, GeneticCell NucleusRetinoblastoma-Like Protein p107CREB-Binding ProteinCell Transformation, NeoplasticChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseCells, CulturedApoptosisDNA ReplicationPapillomavirus E7 ProteinsGene ExpressionE2F1 Transcription FactorRepressor ProteinsRNA, ViralOncogenesKB CellsConjunctivitis, ViralCell Cycle ProteinsEnhancer Elements, GeneticCarrier ProteinsAdenovirus VaccinesTATA BoxOpen Reading FramesDependovirusCapsidCloning, MolecularRecombinant ProteinsPrecipitin TestsCell CycleProtein Phosphatase 2AcetyltransferasesPhosphoproteinsTransgenesTATA-Box Binding ProteinDNA, RecombinantTranscription Factor TFIIDCytopathogenic Effect, ViralProto-Oncogene ProteinsGenesHelper VirusesCell Line, TumorGenes, RetinoblastomaDNA, ConcatenatedDefective VirusesPolymerase Chain ReactionCricetinaeMice, NudeDNA Tumor VirusesDNADNA PrimersConserved SequenceCell DivisionMolecular Weightbeta-GalactosidaseDown-RegulationFibroblastsKidneyMice, Inbred BALB CGenes, ReporterDNA Mutational AnalysisChromosome Deletion3T3 CellsRetinoblastoma-Like Protein p130Blotting, WesternEnterovirusCell Nucleus Structuresp300-CBP Transcription FactorsAlcohol OxidoreductasesConjunctivitisE2F2 Transcription FactorCyclinsRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidSequence Homology, Amino AcidStructure-Activity RelationshipProto-Oncogene Proteins c-junPhosphorylationAtadenovirusOligonucleotide ProbesLuciferasesYY1 Transcription FactorVirus CultivationPapillomaviridaeGenes, p53RNA Polymerase IIIMembrane ProteinsTumor Suppressor ProteinsRestriction MappingGenome, ViralCercopithecus aethiopsPolyomavirusProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycCytoplasmHistone AcetyltransferasesProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenKineticsRNA SplicingUbiquitin-Protein LigasesProtein Structure, TertiaryG-Box Binding FactorsRespiratory Tract InfectionsRecombination, GeneticGenetic Complementation TestAntibodies, ViralOncogene ProteinsCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinVirusesSerotypingInclusion Bodies, ViralSequence AlignmentMutagenesisDNA Restriction EnzymesPneumonia, ViralHaplorhiniTime FactorsAntigens, ViralFluorescent Antibody TechniqueRNA Polymerase IINucleic Acid HybridizationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2Antigens, CD46Sequence DeletionMacromolecular SubstancesGene DeletionProtein BiosynthesisViral VaccinesSignal TransductionZinc FingersRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidCOS CellsGastroenteritisBinding, CompetitiveMice, Inbred C57BLCell SurvivalRats, Inbred F344Oncogenic VirusesDNA, ComplementaryTropismCytomegalovirus
Adenovirus E4 Proteins - MeSH - NCBIAdenovirus E4 Proteins - MeSH - NCBI
Interacting domains of E2F1, DP1, and the adenovirus E4 protein. | Journal of VirologyInteracting domains of E2F1, DP1, and the adenovirus E4 protein. | Journal of Virology
The adenovirus E4-6/7 protein transactivates the E2 promoter by inducing dimerization of a heteromeric E2F complex. | Molecular...The adenovirus E4-6/7 protein transactivates the E2 promoter by inducing dimerization of a heteromeric E2F complex. | Molecular...
Adenovirus type 9 E4 open reading frame 1 encodes a transforming protein required for the production of mammary tumors in rats....Adenovirus type 9 E4 open reading frame 1 encodes a transforming protein required for the production of mammary tumors in rats....
The adenovirus E4 11k protein binds and relocalizes the cytoplasmic P-body component Ddx6 to aggresomes<...The adenovirus E4 11k protein binds and relocalizes the cytoplasmic P-body component Ddx6 to aggresomes<...
Adenovirus-9 E4 Orf1 Antibodies: Novus BiologicalsAdenovirus-9 E4 Orf1 Antibodies: Novus Biologicals
The adenovirus type 5 E1b 55K and E4 Orf3 proteins associate in infected cells and affect ND10 components. | Microbiology...The adenovirus type 5 E1b 55K and E4 Orf3 proteins associate in infected cells and affect ND10 components. | Microbiology...
The adenovirus E4 11 k protein binds and relocalizes the cytoplasmic P-body component Ddx6 to aggresomes. - Semantic ScholarThe adenovirus E4 11 k protein binds and relocalizes the cytoplasmic P-body component Ddx6 to aggresomes. - Semantic Scholar
Relocalization of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex by the adenovirus E4 ORF3 protein is required for viral replication<...Relocalization of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex by the adenovirus E4 ORF3 protein is required for viral replication<...
A New Crucial Protein Interaction Element That Targets the Adenovirus E4-ORF1 Oncoprotein to Membrane VesiclesA New Crucial Protein Interaction Element That Targets the Adenovirus E4-ORF1 Oncoprotein to Membrane Vesicles
Analyses of melanoma-targeted oncolytic adenoviruses with tyrosinase enhancer/promoter-driven E1A, E4, or both in submerged...Analyses of melanoma-targeted oncolytic adenoviruses with tyrosinase enhancer/promoter-driven E1A, E4, or both in submerged...
Adenovirus E1B protein - WikipediaAdenovirus E1B protein - Wikipedia
The adenovirus E4-ORF3 protein stimulates SUMOylation of general transcription factor TFII-I to direct proteasomal degradation ...The adenovirus E4-ORF3 protein stimulates SUMOylation of general transcription factor TFII-I to direct proteasomal degradation ...
Roles for the E4 orf6, orf3, and E1B 55-kilodalton proteins in cell cycle-independent adenovirus replication - Fingerprint ...Roles for the E4 orf6, orf3, and E1B 55-kilodalton proteins in cell cycle-independent adenovirus replication - Fingerprint ...
Nuclear matrix localization and SUMO-1 modification of adenovirus type 5 E1b 55K protein are controlled by E4 Orf6 protein |...Nuclear matrix localization and SUMO-1 modification of adenovirus type 5 E1b 55K protein are controlled by E4 Orf6 protein |...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | The Role of F-Box Proteins during Viral Infection | HTMLIJMS | Free Full-Text | The Role of F-Box Proteins during Viral Infection | HTML
Fatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a ornithine transcarbamylase deficient patient following adenoviral gene...Fatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a ornithine transcarbamylase deficient patient following adenoviral gene...
Reich NC[au] - PubMed - NCBIReich NC[au] - PubMed - NCBI
Adenovirus genome - WikipediaAdenovirus genome - Wikipedia
DNA viruses Flashcards by Isabel Leach | BrainscapeDNA viruses Flashcards by Isabel Leach | Brainscape
Viruses | Free Full-Text | A Novel Iminosugar UV-12 with Activity against the Diverse Viruses Influenza and Dengue (Novel...Viruses | Free Full-Text | A Novel Iminosugar UV-12 with Activity against the Diverse Viruses Influenza and Dengue (Novel...
Adenovirus Type 9 (E4 Orf1) - AP30021PU-N | acris-antibodies.comAdenovirus Type 9 (E4 Orf1) - AP30021PU-N | acris-antibodies.com
Frontiers in Bioscience: A virtual library of medicineFrontiers in Bioscience: A virtual library of medicine
Efficient Replication of Adenovirus Despite the Overexpression of Active and Nondegradable p53 | Cancer ResearchEfficient Replication of Adenovirus Despite the Overexpression of Active and Nondegradable p53 | Cancer Research
Rb and Prohibitin Target Distinct Regions of E2F1 for Repression and Respond to Different Upstream Signals | Molecular and...Rb and Prohibitin Target Distinct Regions of E2F1 for Repression and Respond to Different Upstream Signals | Molecular and...
Frontiers | Importance of Promyelocytic Leukema Protein (PML) for Kaposis Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication |...Frontiers | Importance of Promyelocytic Leukema Protein (PML) for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication |...
E4-ORF3 Is The Viruss Swiss Army KnifeE4-ORF3 Is The Virus's Swiss Army Knife
3:24 am3:24 am
The influenza virus NEP (NS2 protein) mediates the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins | The EMBO JournalThe influenza virus NEP (NS2 protein) mediates the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins | The EMBO Journal
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Adenovirus E1A ProteinsAdenoviruses, HumanAdenovirus E4 ProteinsAdenovirus E1B ProteinsAdenovirus Early ProteinsAdenovirus E3 ProteinsAdenoviridaeAdenovirus Infections, HumanAdenovirus E2 ProteinsAdenoviridae InfectionsAdenovirus E1 ProteinsOncogene Proteins, ViralGenetic VectorsHeLa CellsCell LineMastadenovirusAdenoviruses, CanineMolecular Sequence DataTranscription, GeneticGenes, ViralDNA, ViralCell Transformation, ViralE1A-Associated p300 ProteinPromoter Regions, GeneticTranscription FactorsBase SequenceDNA-Binding ProteinsTransfectionGene Expression Regulation, ViralRetinoblastoma ProteinAntigens, Viral, TumorVirus ReplicationTranscription Factor DP1Adenoviruses, PorcineViral ProteinsAviadenovirusRetinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1Genetic TherapyNuclear ProteinsE2F Transcription FactorsFowl adenovirus AGene Transfer TechniquesTranscriptional ActivationAmino Acid SequenceMutationCapsid ProteinsPlasmidsGene Expression RegulationTrans-ActivatorsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsProtein BindingTumor Cells, CulturedSimian virus 40Binding SitesCell Line, TransformedReceptors, VirusTumor Suppressor Protein p53Oncolytic VirotherapyActivating Transcription FactorsRNA, MessengerAntigens, Polyomavirus TransformingOncolytic VirusesKeratoconjunctivitisTransduction, GeneticCell NucleusRetinoblastoma-Like Protein p107CREB-Binding ProteinCell Transformation, NeoplasticChloramphenicol O-AcetyltransferaseCells, CulturedApoptosisDNA ReplicationPapillomavirus E7 ProteinsGene ExpressionE2F1 Transcription FactorRepressor ProteinsRNA, ViralOncogenesKB CellsConjunctivitis, ViralCell Cycle ProteinsEnhancer Elements, GeneticCarrier ProteinsAdenovirus VaccinesTATA BoxOpen Reading FramesDependovirusCapsidCloning, MolecularRecombinant ProteinsPrecipitin TestsCell CycleProtein Phosphatase 2AcetyltransferasesPhosphoproteinsTransgenesTATA-Box Binding ProteinDNA, RecombinantTranscription Factor TFIIDCytopathogenic Effect, ViralProto-Oncogene ProteinsGenesHelper VirusesCell Line, TumorGenes, RetinoblastomaDNA, ConcatenatedDefective VirusesPolymerase Chain ReactionCricetinaeMice, NudeDNA Tumor VirusesDNADNA PrimersConserved SequenceCell DivisionMolecular Weightbeta-GalactosidaseDown-RegulationFibroblastsKidneyMice, Inbred BALB CGenes, ReporterDNA Mutational AnalysisChromosome Deletion3T3 CellsRetinoblastoma-Like Protein p130Blotting, WesternEnterovirusCell Nucleus Structuresp300-CBP Transcription FactorsAlcohol OxidoreductasesConjunctivitisE2F2 Transcription FactorCyclinsRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidSequence Homology, Amino AcidStructure-Activity RelationshipProto-Oncogene Proteins c-junPhosphorylationAtadenovirusOligonucleotide ProbesLuciferasesYY1 Transcription FactorVirus CultivationPapillomaviridaeGenes, p53RNA Polymerase IIIMembrane ProteinsTumor Suppressor ProteinsRestriction MappingGenome, ViralCercopithecus aethiopsPolyomavirusProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mycCytoplasmHistone AcetyltransferasesProliferating Cell Nuclear AntigenKineticsRNA SplicingUbiquitin-Protein LigasesProtein Structure, TertiaryG-Box Binding FactorsRespiratory Tract InfectionsRecombination, GeneticGenetic Complementation TestAntibodies, ViralOncogene ProteinsCyclic AMP Response Element-Binding ProteinVirusesSerotypingInclusion Bodies, ViralSequence AlignmentMutagenesisDNA Restriction EnzymesPneumonia, ViralHaplorhiniTime FactorsAntigens, ViralFluorescent Antibody TechniqueRNA Polymerase IINucleic Acid HybridizationProto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2Antigens, CD46Sequence DeletionMacromolecular SubstancesGene DeletionProtein BiosynthesisViral VaccinesSignal TransductionZinc FingersRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidCOS CellsGastroenteritisBinding, CompetitiveMice, Inbred C57BLCell SurvivalRats, Inbred F344Oncogenic VirusesDNA, ComplementaryTropismCytomegalovirus
GenesVectorsEarly proteinsEncodesInfectionGenomeAdenoviralCellularE4orf61996Journal of VirolPromoterBindsTranscriptionReplicative adenovirusAntibodiesVitroVirusesAmino AcidsWild-type adenovirusNuclearSpecificityDegradationTargetsHumanGene expressionExpressionORF1VivoReplication defectiveCellsLocalizationViral DNA replicationSequencesTypeInhibitPeptidesInteractionsRegulatoryGenomes are linearStructuralInteracts2001Oncolytic adenovirusesHexonInactivatesPromyelocyticVector55kDa proteinEncode
Genes40
Vectors17
Early proteins1
Encodes8
Infection19
Genome15
Adenoviral7
Cellular36
E4orf613
19963
Journal of Virol1
Promoter15
Binds6
Transcription14
Replicative adenovirus2
Antibodies5
Vitro9
  • In contrast, both proteins did not react when synthesized in vitro. (rupress.org)
  • Recombinant adenoviruses currently are used for a variety of purposes, including gene transfer in vitro , vaccination in vivo , and gene therapy ( 1 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
  • SRPK1 was the first SR protein kinase to be cloned, on the basis of its ability to phosphorylate SR proteins in vitro ( 8 , 9 ), and two other structurally related kinases, SRPK2 and SRPK3, also have been shown to phosphorylate SR proteins ( 16 , 31 ). (asm.org)
  • However, under certain in vitro conditions, a TTSS can also secrete proteins into a culture medium. (asm.org)
  • Furthermore, growth conditions were defined that trigger the secretion of SPI2 substrate proteins in vitro ( 2 ). (asm.org)
  • We were interested in analyzing the secretion of STE proteins and other putative substrate proteins of the TTSS of SPI2 under in vitro conditions. (asm.org)
  • In vitro experiments indicated that GKRP was able to increase both GK protein and enzymatic activity levels, suggesting that another role for GKRP is to stabilize and/or protect GK. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 0.01), In summary, autologous mature DC genetically modified with an adenovirus encoding EBV antigens stimulate the generation of EBV-specific CD8(+) effector T cells in vitro, supporting the potential application of EBV-based adenovirus vector vaccination for the immunotherapy of the EBV-associated malignancies. (unifg.it)
  • The proteins used in this study were translated in vitro using the TNT rabbit reticulocyte lysate system (Promega). (biomedcentral.com)
Viruses5
Amino Acids2
  • Using a yeast two-hybrid assay system, we find that the E2F1 hydrophobic heptad repeat (E2F1 amino acid residues 206 to 283) allows interaction with a corresponding domain of the DP1 protein (amino acids 196 to 245). (asm.org)
  • The F-box domain is a protein structural motif of about 50 amino acids that mediates protein-protein interactions. (mdpi.com)
Wild-type adenovirus2
  • The properties of these CRAds were compared with wild-type adenovirus (Adwt) and our previous CRAd with a targeted E1A CRII mutation (AdTyrΔ24) in submerged cultures of melanoma cells and nonmelanoma control cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Expression of the late viral gene product, hexon protein, was observed in C3H and C57BL/6 mice injected with E4 wild-type adenovirus constructs Adv-cmv-beta-Gal (BG), Adv-cmv-hp53 (WT), and empty E1- vector Adv-E4 (EW) 3 to 28 days after injection, but was undetectable in mice treated with E4 modified empty E1- vector Adv-GAL4 (EG) or Adv-cmv-hp53-GAL4 (G4). (nih.gov)
Nuclear15
Specificity1
Degradation4
Targets2
  • Our laboratory established that when oxygen is available, pVHL targets for destruction another protein called hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). (dana-farber.org)
  • As SRPK-dependent herpes simplex virus (HSV) splicing and SRPK-mediated phosphorylation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein have been reported ( 4 , 25 , 33 ), it is reasonable to expect that SR proteins and SRPK might be suitable targets for therapeutic modulation of various viral infections. (asm.org)
Human25
Gene expression5
Expression7
ORF17
Vivo3
Replication defective1
Cells23
Localization2
Viral DNA replication3
Sequences6
  • The present invention provides a hybrid vector construct which comprises a portion of an adenovirus, 5' and 3' ITR sequences from an AAV, and a selected transgene. (google.com)
  • 3. The vector according to claim 2 wherein said adenovirus sequences further comprise a functional deletion in the E1 gene. (google.com)
  • Among the most broadly distributed protein interaction domains, PSD95 -disc large-zonula occludens (PDZ) domains are usually able to bind carboxy-terminal sequences of their partners. (xenbase.org)
  • The term ATF was first used in 1987 to refer to a putative polypeptide with the activity to bind to the sites on the adenovirus E2, E3, and E4 promoters with sequences similar to the consensus TGACGT(C/A)(G/A) (Lee et al. (springer.com)
  • The isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is based on or derived from an adenovirus, has at least one functional encapsidation signal and at least one functional Inverted Terminal Repeat, and lacks overlapping sequences with the nucleic acid of the cell. (freepatentsonline.com)
  • Otherwise, the overlapping sequences would enable homologous recombination leading to replication competent adenovirus in the primary cell into which the isolated recombinant nucleic acid molecule is to be transferred. (freepatentsonline.com)
Type13
  • First, wild-type adenoviruses (Adwt) are nononcogenic in humans. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Regulated splicing of adenovirus type 5 E4 transcripts and regulated cytoplasmic accumulation of E4 mRNA. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Adenovirus type 5 expresses proteins that regulate the activity and stability of the tumor suppressor p53. (aacrjournals.org)
  • they believe that if the properties of a specific type of cold virus, the adenovirus, can be mimicked, then new cancer therapies can be developed. (eurasiareview.com)
  • A single injection of a type of virus known as adenoviruses can help give up the habit of drinking, a study indicates. (medindia.net)
  • Type III secretion systems (TTSS) are complex molecular machines found in a large number of gram-negative pathogens that mediate, in a contact-dependent manner, the translocation of effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm into a eukaryotic host cell ( 12 ). (asm.org)
  • A skin biopsy of finger, 100µm section, immunostained for pan-neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5, localized with Cy3 (red and yellow) and basement membrane marker, type IV collagen, with Cy2 (green). (jacksonimmuno.com)
  • Fas is a 45k Daltons type I membrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor superfamily of receptors ( 3 - 5 ), and FasL is a 40k Daltons type II membrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family ( 6 , 7 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The death in the USA of an 18 year old with ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency after intrahepatic arterial injection of an adenovirus vector carrying a wild-type version of the defective enzyme has precipitated a flurry of reports and congressional hearings focusing on the ethics of such trials and on the very nature of clinical research itself. (bmj.com)
  • Further, we identified a cluster of three putative type-1-transmembrane glycoproteins with IG-like domains (ORF-9, ORF-10, ORF-11) which are good candidates to substitute for the missing immunomodulatory functions of mammalian adenoviruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Live adenovirus vaccines have been used by the United States military for decades to prevent adenovirus type 4 (Ad4)- and Ad7-induced severe upper respiratory disease in recruits ( 1 ). (asm.org)
  • p>This indicates the type of evidence that supports the existence of the protein. (uniprot.org)
  • section specifies the position and type of each DNA-binding domain present within the protein. (uniprot.org)
Inhibit3
Peptides4
  • result suggests fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 peptides participate in the evolution of Ad7. (cdc.gov)
  • Fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 peptides were chosen for study because of close proximity to a mutation site at 0.93 map units, and hexon and E3 peptides were chosen because of their reported genetic heterogeneities. (cdc.gov)
  • B, Coomassie-stained protein gel after pull-down assay on Caco2 and HEK 293T cell extracts using E6 or E6δTQL peptides as affinity reagents. (xenbase.org)
  • B, Coomassie-stained protein gel after pull-down assay on Caco-2 cell extracts using Vangl2 or Vangl2δTSV peptides as affinity reagents. (xenbase.org)
Interactions6
  • This review describes the role of F-box proteins and the use of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in virus-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
  • Besides the F-box domain, other domains and motifs related to protein-protein interactions are usually present in the C -terminal region of FBPs, such as leucine rich repeats (LRR), WD40 repeats (WD), Kelch repeats, proline-rich and others. (mdpi.com)
  • This dominant negative activity of HESX1(R160C) is mediated by the Hesx1 repression domain, supporting the idea that the repression domain is implicated in interactions between homeodomain proteins. (biologists.org)
  • A, schematic representation of the identification of interactions between the collection of PDZ domains and a protein of interest (POI) using a yeast two-hybrid assay. (xenbase.org)
  • The pathway maps illustrate protein interactions and regulation to provide a comprehensive picture of signaling and disease processes. (bio-rad.com)
  • PDZ domains are 80-90 amino acid domains that function as docking regions for protein-protein interactions [ 6 , 7 ], and PDZ-containing proteins were originally thought mainly to act as scaffolding proteins for bringing other proteins in proximity to one another, often at the cell membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulatory5
Genomes are linear1
Structural4
  • Potential advantages of a full cDNA versus a mini-gene include: maintaining structural-functional protein domains, evading protein misfolding, and avoiding novel epitopes that could be immunogenic. (plos.org)
  • The Influenza A virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a multifunctional virulence factor with several protein-protein interaction domains, involved in preventing apoptosis of the infected cell and in evading the interferon response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Influenza A virus NS1 protein (non-structural protein 1) is extremely important in the pathology of the virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Cap gene encode three structural proteins (VP1, VP2 and VP3) which assemble at a ratio of approximately 1:1:10, to form a mature AAV particle which is approximately 22nm. (signagen.com)
Interacts2
20011
  • The vast majority of transport receptors are members of a conserved family of homologous proteins known as importins or exportins, and collectively known as karyopherins (reviewed by Conti and Izaurralde, 2001 ). (biologists.org)
Oncolytic adenoviruses1
Hexon4
  • Encapsidation proteins IVa2, 52K, and L1, and hexon assembly protein 100K are involved in assembly of viral capsids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compared to their presence in strains of Ad7d, 2 restriction isolated in Korea during nationwide outbreaks from 1995 to fragments (8,400 and 2,650 bp) are lost in strains of Ad7l, 2000, the genetic variabilities of Ad7d and Ad7l were stud- which contain a new fragment equal in length to the sum ied by sequence analysis of hexon, fiber, E3, and E4 open of those 2 fragments. (cdc.gov)
  • Phylogenetic trees based on hexon, fiber, and E4 sug- early region 4 (E4) (unpub. (cdc.gov)
  • IIIa, hexon, penton base) as well as crucial functional proteins (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
Inactivates3
Promyelocytic1
Vector2
55kDa protein1
Encode1
  • This surprising result suggests that the basic properties of the replication cycle are similar in both groups whereas they encode a completely different set of proteins for host interaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Interacting domains of E2F1, DP1, and the adenovirus E4 protein. | Journal of Virology
Interacting domains of E2F1, DP1, and the adenovirus E4 protein. | Journal of Virology (jvi.asm.org)
Adenovirus-9 E4 Orf1 Antibodies: Novus Biologicals
Adenovirus-9 E4 Orf1 Antibodies: Novus Biologicals (novusbio.com)
The adenovirus E4-6/7 protein transactivates the E2 promoter by inducing dimerization of a heteromeric E2F complex. | Molecular...
The adenovirus E4-6/7 protein transactivates the E2 promoter by inducing dimerization of a heteromeric E2F complex. | Molecular... (mcb.asm.org)
Adenovirus type 9 E4 open reading frame 1 encodes a transforming protein required for the production of mammary tumors in rats....
Adenovirus type 9 E4 open reading frame 1 encodes a transforming protein required for the production of mammary tumors in rats.... (jvi.asm.org)
Frontiers | Importance of Promyelocytic Leukema Protein (PML) for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication |...
Frontiers | Importance of Promyelocytic Leukema Protein (PML) for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Replication |... (frontiersin.org)
The influenza virus NEP (NS2 protein) mediates the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins | The EMBO Journal
The influenza virus NEP (NS2 protein) mediates the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoproteins | The EMBO Journal (emboj.embopress.org)
Forschung | Universitätsklinikum Ulm
Forschung | Universitätsklinikum Ulm (uniklinik-ulm.de)
Interregional Coevolution Analysis Revealing Functional and Structural Interrelatedness between Different Genomic Regions in...
Interregional Coevolution Analysis Revealing Functional and Structural Interrelatedness between Different Genomic Regions in... (jvi.asm.org)
William G. Kaelin Jr., MD - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Boston, MA
William G. Kaelin Jr., MD - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Boston, MA (dana-farber.org)
Cell cycle regulation of PML modification and ND10 composition | Journal of Cell Science
Cell cycle regulation of PML modification and ND10 composition | Journal of Cell Science (jcs.biologists.org)
The differential role of HTRA1 in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cell line proliferation | SpringerLink
The differential role of HTRA1 in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical cell line proliferation | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Table of Contents | Journal of Virology
Table of Contents | Journal of Virology (jvi.asm.org)
Table of Contents | Journal of Virology
Table of Contents | Journal of Virology (jvi.asm.org)
Type III Secretion of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Translocated Effectors and SseFG | Infection and Immunity
Type III Secretion of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Translocated Effectors and SseFG | Infection and Immunity (iai.asm.org)
Multiple nuclear-replicating viruses require the stress-induced protein ZC3H11A for efficient growth | PNAS
Multiple nuclear-replicating viruses require the stress-induced protein ZC3H11A for efficient growth | PNAS (pnas.org)
Secondary Antibody Gallery - Jackson ImmunoResearch
Secondary Antibody Gallery - Jackson ImmunoResearch (jacksonimmuno.com)
University of Pennsylvania || Gene Therapy Program || Immunology Core || B cell assays
University of Pennsylvania || Gene Therapy Program || Immunology Core || B cell assays (med.upenn.edu)
Molecular effects of novel mutations in Hesx1/HESX1 associated with human pituitary disorders | Development
Molecular effects of novel mutations in Hesx1/HESX1 associated with human pituitary disorders | Development (dev.biologists.org)
Anti-ATM (phospho S1981) antibody [10H11.E12] (ab36810) References
Anti-ATM (phospho S1981) antibody [10H11.E12] (ab36810) References (abcam.com)
Transduction with recombinant adeno-associated virus for gene therapy is limited by leading-strand synthesis. | Journal of...
Transduction with recombinant adeno-associated virus for gene therapy is limited by leading-strand synthesis. | Journal of... (jvi.asm.org)
Belotti E et al. (2013), The human PDZome: a gateway to PSD95-Disc large... - Paper
Belotti E et al. (2013), The human PDZome: a gateway to PSD95-Disc large... - Paper (xenbase.org)
Dynamics of HIV Latency and Reactivation in a Primary CD4+ T Cell Model | proLékaře.cz
Dynamics of HIV Latency and Reactivation in a Primary CD4+ T Cell Model | proLékaře.cz (prolekare.cz)
Combined Systems Approaches Reveal Highly Plastic Responses to Antimicrobial Peptide Challenge in | proLékaře.cz
Combined Systems Approaches Reveal Highly Plastic Responses to Antimicrobial Peptide Challenge in | proLékaře.cz (prolekare.cz)
Anti-GABPA antibody | GeneTex
Anti-GABPA antibody | GeneTex (genetex.com)
Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by a Specific Inhibitor of Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase | Antimicrobial...
Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by a Specific Inhibitor of Serine-Arginine-Rich Protein Kinase | Antimicrobial... (aac.asm.org)
Replication-Deficient Human Adenovirus Type 35 Vectors for Gene Transfer and Vaccination: Efficient Human Cell Infection and...
Replication-Deficient Human Adenovirus Type 35 Vectors for Gene Transfer and Vaccination: Efficient Human Cell Infection and... (jvi.asm.org)
The adenovirus type 5 E1b 55K and E4 Orf3 proteins associate in infected cells and affect ND10 components. | Microbiology...
The adenovirus type 5 E1b 55K and E4 Orf3 proteins associate in infected cells and affect ND10 components. | Microbiology... (microbiologyresearch.org)
Recruitment of the SWI-SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complex as a Mechanism of Gene Activation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor τ1...
Recruitment of the SWI-SNF Chromatin Remodeling Complex as a Mechanism of Gene Activation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor τ1... (mcb.asm.org)
Produktübersicht anti-GTF2I Antikörper
Produktübersicht anti-GTF2I Antikörper (antikoerper-online.de)
Reannotation of the CELO genome characterizes a set of previously unassigned open reading frames and points to novel modes of...
Reannotation of the CELO genome characterizes a set of previously unassigned open reading frames and points to novel modes of... (bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com)
ATF3 Activating Transcription Factor 3 | Springer for Research & Development
ATF3 Activating Transcription Factor 3 | Springer for Research & Development (rd.springer.com)
Novel Approaches for Vaccination Against HPV-Induced Cancers | SpringerLink
Novel Approaches for Vaccination Against HPV-Induced Cancers | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Richard J. Grand, MD | Boston Children's Hospital
Richard J. Grand, MD | Boston Children's Hospital (childrenshospital.org)