Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase
Mitoguazone
Carboxy-Lyases
Putrescine
S-Adenosylmethionine
Ornithine Decarboxylase
Spermidine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine
Glutamate Decarboxylase
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the alpha-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on L-cysteate, L-cysteine sulfinate, and L-aspartate. EC 4.1.1.15.
Dopa Decarboxylase
Histidine Decarboxylase
Methylation
Uroporphyrinogen Decarboxylase
An enzyme that catalyzes the decarboxylation of UROPORPHYRINOGEN III to coproporphyrinogen III by the conversion of four acetate groups to four methyl groups. It is the fifth enzyme in the 8-enzyme biosynthetic pathway of HEME. Several forms of cutaneous PORPHYRIAS are results of this enzyme deficiency as in PORPHYRIA CUTANEA TARDA; and HEPATOERYTHROPOIETIC PORPHYRIA.
Orotidine-5'-Phosphate Decarboxylase
Tyrosine Decarboxylase
Eflornithine
A new method for the assay of tissue. S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethione. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the metabolism of S-adenosylhomocysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and polyamines in rat liver. (1/292)
The hepatic synthesis and accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine, S-adenosylmethionine and polyamines were studied in normal and vitamin B-6-deficient male albino rats. A method involving a single chromatography on a phosphocellulose column was developed for the determination of S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine from tissue samples. Feeding the rat with pyridoxine-deficient diet for 3 or 6 weeks resulted in a four- to five-fold increase in the concentration of S-adenosylhomocysteine, whereas that of S-adenosylmethionine was only slighly elevated. The concentration of putrescine was decreased to half, that of spermidine was somewhat decreased and that of spermine remained fairly constant. The activities of L-ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, L-methionine adenosyltransferase and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase were moderately increased. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase showed no requirement for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The major effect of pyridoxine deficiency of S-adenosylmethionine metabolism seems to be a block in the utilization of S-adenosylhomocysteine, resulting in the accumulation of this metabolite to a concentration that may inhibit biological methylation reactions. (+info)Agmatine modulates polyamine content in hepatocytes by inducing spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase. (2/292)
Agmatine has been proposed as the physiological ligand for the imidazoline receptors. It is not known whether it is also involved in the homoeostasis of intracellular polyamine content. To show whether this is the case, we have studied the effect of agmatine on rat liver cells, under both periportal and perivenous conditions. It is shown that agmatine modulates intracellular polyamine content through its effect on the synthesis of the limiting enzyme of the interconversion pathway, spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase (SSAT). Increased SSAT activity is accompanied by depletion of spermidine and spermine, and accumulation of putrescine and N1-acetylspermidine. Immunoblotting with a specific polyclonal antiserum confirms the induction. At the same time S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity is significantly increased, while ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the rate of spermidine uptake are reduced. This is not due to an effect on ODC antizyme, which is not significantly changed. All these modifications are observed in HTC cells also, where they are accompanied by a decrease in proliferation rate. SSAT is also induced by low oxygen tension which mimics perivenous conditions. The effect is synergic with that promoted by agmatine. (+info)Mechanistic studies of the processing of human S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme. Isolation of an ester intermediate. (3/292)
Human S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is synthesized as a proenzyme that undergoes an autocatalytic cleavage reaction generating the alpha and beta subunits and forming the pyruvate prosthetic group, which is derived from an internal Ser residue (Ser-68). The mechanism of this processing reaction was studied using site-directed mutagenesis of conserved residues (His-243 and Ser-229) located close to the cleavage site. Mutant S229A failed to process, and mutant S229C cleaved very slowly, whereas mutant S229T processed normally, suggesting that the hydroxyl group of residue 229 is required for the processing reaction where Ser-229 may act as a proton acceptor. Mutant His-243A cleaved very slowly, forming a small amount of the correctly processed pyruvoyl enzyme but a much larger proportion of the alpha subunit with an amino-terminal Ser. The cleavage to form the latter was greatly enhanced by hydroxylamine. This result suggests that the N-O acyl shift needed for ester formation occurs normally in this mutant but that the next step, which is a beta-elimination reaction leading to the two subunits, does not occur. His-243 may therefore act as the basic residue that extracts the hydrogen of the alpha-carbon of Ser-68 in the ester in order to facilitate this reaction. The availability of the recombinant H243A S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme provides a useful model system to examine the processing reaction in vitro and test the design of specific inactivators aimed at blocking the production of the pyruvoyl prosthetic group. (+info)Identification of functionally important residues of Arabidopsis thaliana S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. (4/292)
The Arabidopsis thaliana S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) cDNA (GenBank(TM) U63633) was cloned, and the AdoMetDC protein was expressed, purified, and characterized. The K(m) value for S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) is 23.1 microM and the K(i) value for methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG) is 0.15 microM. Site-specific mutagenesis was performed on the AdoMetDC to introduce mutations at conserved cysteine (Cys(50), Cys(83), and Cys(230)) and lysine(81) residues, chosen by examination of the conserved sequence and proved to be involved in enzymatic activity by chemical modification. The AdoMetDC mutants K81A and C83A retained up to 60 and 10% of wild type activity, respectively, demonstrating that lysyl and sulfhydryl groups are required for full catalytic activity. However, changing Cys(50) and Cys(230) to alanine had minimal effects on the catalytic activity. Changing Lys(81) to alanine produced an altered substrate specificity. When lysine was used as a substrate instead of AdoMet, the substrate specificity for lysine increased 6-fold. The K(m) value for AdoMet is 11-fold higher than that of the wild type, but the V(max) value is more than 60%. Taken together, the results suggest that the lysine(81) residue is critical for substrate binding. (+info)Putrescine does not support the migration and growth of IEC-6 cells. (5/292)
The migration of IEC-6 cells is inhibited when the cells are depleted of polyamines by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Exogenous putrescine, spermidine, and spermine completely restore cell migration inhibited by DFMO. Because polyamines are interconverted during their synthesis and catabolism, the specific role of individual polyamines in intestinal cell migration, as well as growth, remains unclear. In this study, we used an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, diethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone)(DEGBG), to block the synthesis of spermidine and spermine from putrescine. We found that exogenous putrescine does not restore migration and growth of IEC-6 cells treated with DFMO plus DEGBG, whereas exogenous spermine does. In addition, the normal distribution of actin filaments required for migration, which is disrupted in polyamine-deficient cells, could be achieved by adding spermine but not putrescine along with DFMO and DEGBG. These results indicate that putrescine, by itself, is not essential for migration and growth, but that it is effective because it is converted into spermidine and/or spermine. (+info)Tumor progression is accompanied by significant changes in the levels of expression of polyamine metabolism regulatory genes and clusterin (sulfated glycoprotein 2) in human prostate cancer specimens. (6/292)
Using Northern blotting, the expression levels of the genes for polyamine metabolism regulatory proteins and clusterin have been measured in a series of 23 human prostate cancers (CaPs) dissected from radical prostatectomy specimens. Patient matched, nontumor tissue was dissected from benign areas of the gland. The results indicate that transcripts encoding ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), ODC antizyme, adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) were significantly higher, whereas clusterin (sulfated glycoprotein 2) mRNA was significantly lower in tumors compared with the benign tissue. All mRNA levels were compared with those of histone H3 and growth arrest-specific gene 1, markers of cell proliferation and cell quiescence, respectively, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a housekeeping gene. In poorly differentiated and locally invasive CaPs and in tumors with unfavorable prognosis or total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels > 10.0 ng/ml at diagnosis, an overall increase in the levels of H3 mRNA and a decrease in growth arrest-specific gene 1 mRNA was detected, indicative of higher proliferation activity, whereas the differences in expression levels for the polyamine metabolism and clusterin genes were higher. ODC and SSAT changes were positively correlated in normal tissue but not in high-grade cancer, whereas ODC antizyme and SSAT changes were positively correlated in more malignant CaPs but not in normal tissue. Tumor classification based on the changes in expression levels of all of the genes studied could be correlated to differentiation grade and local invasiveness classification systems in 72.2 and 83.3% of the cases, respectively. In a 1-year follow-up period, three patients whose CaPs ranked as less aggressive according to clinical staging, but classified as advanced cancers with the proposed molecular classification, showed increases in total PSA levels, indicative of tumor relapse. Thus, molecular classification, based on gene expression, may enhance the available prognostic tools for prostate tumors. (+info)Changes in gene expression in response to polyamine depletion indicates selective stabilization of mRNAs. (7/292)
We used differential display analysis to identify mRNAs responsive to changes in polyamine synthesis. As an overproducing model we used the kidneys of transgenic hybrid mice overexpressing ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, two key enzymes in polyamine biosynthesis. To identify mRNAs that respond to polyamine starvation, we treated Rat-2 cells with alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a specific inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis. We isolated 41 partial cDNA clones, representing 37 differentially expressed mRNAs. Of these, 15 have similarity with known genes, five appear to be similar to reported expressed sequence tags and seventeen clones were novel sequences. Of the 35 mRNAs expressed differentially after alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment, 26 were up-regulated. The expression of only three mRNAs was altered in the transgenic animals and all three were down-regulated. Determination of mRNA half-life of three of the mRNAs up-regulated in response to polyamine depletion revealed that the accumulation results from stabilization of the messages. Because most of the transcripts identified from Rat-2 cells suffering polyamine starvation were accumulated, we conclude that polyamine depletion, while blocking cell growth, is stabilizing mRNAs. This may be due to the lack of spermidine for post-translational modification of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A, which plays a major role in mRNA turnover. The coupling of mRNA stabilization with cell-growth arrest in response to polyamine starvation provides cells with an economical way to resume growth after recovery from polyamine deficiency. (+info)In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, polyamines are synthesized by a bifunctional ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. (8/292)
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are crucial for cell differentiation and proliferation. Interference with polyamine biosynthesis by inhibition of the rate-limiting enzymes ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) has been discussed as a potential chemotherapy of cancer and parasitic infections. Usually both enzymes are individually transcribed and highly regulated as monofunctional proteins. We have isolated a cDNA from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum that encodes both proteins on a single open reading frame, with the AdoMetDC domain in the N-terminal region connected to a C-terminal ODC domain by a hinge region. The predicted molecular mass of the entire transcript is 166 kDa. The ODC/AdoMetDC coding region was subcloned into the expression vector pASK IBA3 and transformed into the AdoMetDC- and ODC-deficient Escherichia coli cell line EWH331. The resulting recombinant protein exhibited both AdoMetDC and ODC activity and co-eluted after gel filtration on Superdex S-200 at approximately 333 kDa, which is in good agreement with the molecular mass of approximately 326 kDa determined for the native protein from isolated P. falciparum. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the recombinant ODC/AdoMetDC revealed a heterotetrameric structure of the active enzyme indicating processing of the AdoMetDC domain. The data presented describe the occurrence of a unique bifunctional ODC/AdoMetDC in P. falciparum, an organization which is possibly exploitable for the design of new antimalarial drugs. (+info)
Selective regulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity by the spermine analogue 6-spermyne | Biochemical Journal
Effect of Inhibitors of S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase on Polyamine Content and Growth of L1210 Cells<...
Biochemical and Pharmacological Roles of Adenosylmethionine by Italy) International Round Table on Adenosylmethionine and -...
Engineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life. - Nuffield Department...
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Radical S‐Adenosylmethionine (SAM) Superfamily
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ProZyme Plus
Modifications of major aspects of myocardial ribonucleic acid metabolism as a response to noradrenaline. Action of the hormone...
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Part 08: AMINO ACIDS
Radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes: mechanism, control and function. - Semantic Scholar
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Effects of the tumor promotor TPA and serum on ornithine decarboxylase induction and polyamine synthesis in normal and...
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Prozyme
Structural studies of the S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding proteins<...
RCSB PDB
- 1P7L: S-Adenosylmethionine synthetase complexed with AMPPNP and Met. Literature Report Page
Structure Cluster
- 1MXC: S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE SYNTHETASE WITH 8-BR-ADP 3D Similarity Report Page
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trans-2-Butenyl acetate
Pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase domain-containing protein 1
MMP2 Proenzyme protein | Technique alternative | 01011944227
S-Adenosylmethioninamine
It is produced by decarboxylation of S-adenosyl methionine. Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Spermidine synthase Spermine ...
LdcC RNA motif
The genes presumably regulated by ldcC RNAs are decarboxylases of arginine, ornithine, S-adenosylmethionine or other substrates ...
Herbert Tabor
... and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Tabor was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1977. In 1986, Tabor and his ... The research has concentrated on the structure and regulation of ornithine decarboxylase, spermidine synthase, spermine ...
AZIN2
"Adenovirus-mediated expression of both antisense ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibits lung ... "Human ornithine decarboxylase paralogue (ODCp) is an antizyme inhibitor but not an arginine decarboxylase" (PDF). The ... Antizyme inhibitor 2 (AzI2) also erroneously known as arginine decarboxylase (ADC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by ... Pitkänen LT, Heiskala M, Andersson LC (October 2001). "Expression of a novel human ornithine decarboxylase-like protein in the ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... adenosylmethionine decarboxylase MeSH D08.811.520.224.125.100 - aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase MeSH D08.811.520.224. ... glutamate decarboxylase MeSH D08.811.520.224.125.300 - histidine decarboxylase MeSH D08.811.520.224.125.350 - indole-3-glycerol ... ornithine decarboxylase MeSH D08.811.520.224.125.450 - orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase MeSH D08.811.520.224.125.500 - ... tyrosine decarboxylase MeSH D08.811.520.224.125.900 - uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase MeSH D08.811.520.224.187 - ...
Spermidine synthase
Spermine synthase Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Ikeguchi Y, Bewley MC, Pegg AE (January 2006). "Aminopropyltransferases: ... No known spermidine synthase can use S-adenosyl methionine. This is prevented by a conserved aspartatyl residue in the active ... The putrescine-N-methyl transferase whose substrates are putrescine and S-adenosyl methionine and which is evolutionary related ... site, which is thought to repel the carboxyl moiety of S-adenosyl methionine. ...
Protein primary structure
... especially decarboxylases such as S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) that exploit the electron-withdrawing power of the ...
List of EC numbers (EC 4)
... adenosylmethionine decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.51: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate 4-decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.52: 6- ... aspartate 1-decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.12: aspartate 4-decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.13: deleted EC 4.1.1.14: valine decarboxylase EC 4.1. ... cis-aconitate decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.7: benzoylformate decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.8: oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.9: malonyl- ... phosphate decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.24: aminobenzoate decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.25: tyrosine decarboxylase EC 4.1.1.26: Now included ...
Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
The enzyme adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to S- ... S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) plays an essential regulatory role in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway by ... Pegg AE, Xiong H, Feith DJ, Shantz LM (November 1998). "S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase: structure, function and regulation ... Unlike many amino acid decarboxylases AdoMetDC uses a covalently bound pyruvate residue as a cofactor rather than the more ...
Ornithine decarboxylase
"Comparison of androgen regulation of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene expression in rodent ... Ornithine decarboxylase at herkules.oulu.fi Ornithine+decarboxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17, ODC) catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine (a product of the urea cycle) ... Therefore, ornithine decarboxylase is an essential enzyme for cell growth, producing the polyamines necessary to stabilize ...
S-Adenosyl methionine
Here, SAM is decarboxylated by adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) to form S-adenosylmethioninamine. This compound ... S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM), also known under the commercial names of SAMe, SAM-e, or AdoMet, is a common cosubstrate involved ... S-Adenosyl methionine consists of the adenosyl cation attached to the sulfur of methionine. It is synthesized from ATP and ... Chiang P, Gordon R, Tal J, Zeng G, Doctor B, Pardhasaradhi K, McCann P (1996). "S-Adenosylmethionine and methylation". FASEB J ...
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
... because O-methylation of the excessive amounts of L-Dopa can deplete methyl donors such as S-adenosyl methionine and ... which encodes an enzyme called aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Babies with severe aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase ... The aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency enzyme is involved in the synthesis of dopamine and serotonin, both of which ... July 2021). "Gene therapy for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency by MR-guided direct delivery of AAV2-AADC to ...
Spermine
Thereafter the enzyme spermidine synthase effects two N-alkylation by decarboxy-S-Adenosyl methionine. The intermediate is ... Spermine biosynthesis in animals starts with decarboxylation of ornithine by the enzyme Ornithine decarboxylase in the presence ...
Putrescine
Plants that had been inoculated with P. indica had presented an excess of arginine decarboxylase. This is used in the process ... Spermidine synthase uses putrescine and S-adenosylmethioninamine (decarboxylated S-adenosyl methionine) to produce spermidine. ... Putrescine is synthesized in small quantities by healthy living cells by the action of ornithine decarboxylase. Putrescine is ... The conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme arginine decarboxylase (ADC). Agmatine is transformed into N-carbamoylputrescine by ...
Melatonin
A decarboxylase with cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) removes CO2 from 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan to produce 5-hydroxytryptamine ... N-Acetylserotonin is methylated at the hydroxyl position by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to produce S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH ... Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase and S-adenosyl methionine convert N-acetylserotonin into melatonin through methylation of the ... This intermediate (5-HTP) is decarboxylated by pyridoxal phosphate and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase to produce serotonin. ...
Mescaline
These create dopamine, which then experiences methylation by a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) by an S-adenosyl methionine ... Tyrosine can either undergo a decarboxylation via tyrosine decarboxylase to generate tyramine and subsequently undergo an ... monophenol hydroxylase or first be hydroxylated by tyrosine hydroxylase to form L-DOPA and decarboxylated by DOPA decarboxylase ...
Adrenaline
Then it is subsequently decarboxylated to give dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase). Dopamine ... This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), which utilizes S-adenosyl methionine ( ...
Catechol-O-methyltransferase
When given with an inhibitor of dopa decarboxylase (carbidopa or benserazide), levodopa is optimally saved. This "triple ... which is donated by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Any compound having a catechol structure, like catecholestrogens and catechol- ...
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
"Lack of enhancement of dimethyltryptamine formation in rat brain and rabbit lung in vivo by methionine or S-adenosylmethionine ... the biosynthesis begins with its decarboxylation by an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) enzyme (step 1). The resulting ... catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from cofactor S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM), via nucleophilic attack, to tryptamine. ... is biosynthesized by aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase (INMT). Studies have ...
SpeF leader
2005). "Evidence for a second class of S-adenosylmethionine riboswitches and other regulatory RNA motifs in alpha- ... the majority of species analysed it is located in the leader of an operon containing the speF gene an ornithine decarboxylase ...
Reelin
Guidotti A, Ruzicka W, Grayson DR, Veldic M, Pinna G, Davis JM, Costa E (January 2007). "S-adenosyl methionine and DNA ... "GABAergic dysfunction in schizophrenia and mood disorders as reflected by decreased levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 ... As one study shows, S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) concentration in patients' prefrontal cortex is twice as high as in the ... "Histone hyperacetylation induces demethylation of reelin and 67-kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase promoters". Proceedings of the ...
Roland Douce
Cohen-Addad C, Pares S, Sieker L, Neuburger M, Douce R (1995). "The lipoamide arm in the glycine decarboxylase complex is not ... chloroplasts are autonomous for de novo methionine synthesis and can import S-adenosyl methionine from the cytosol". J Biol ... Douce R, Bourguignon J, Neuburger M, Rébeillé F (2001). "The glycine decarboxylase system: a fascinating complex". Trends Plant ... in particular of the proteins involved in photorespiration and the subunits of the glycine-decarboxylase complex. Chloroplasts ...
Radical SAM
Radical S-Adenosylmethionine Enzymes: Radical S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) Enzymes in Cofactor Biosynthesis: A Treasure Trove of ... a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase involved in the blasticidin S biosynthetic pathway". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e68545. ... Pierrel F, Douki T, Fontecave M, Atta M (November 2004). "MiaB protein is a bifunctional radical-S-adenosylmethionine enzyme ... Grell TA, Goldman PJ, Drennan CL (February 2015). "SPASM and twitch domains in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) radical enzymes". The ...
Choline
This is a S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) precursor. SAM is a common reagent in biological methylation reactions. For example, it ... which is catalyzed by a serine decarboxylase. The synthesis of choline from ethanolamine may take place in three parallel ... Choline is required to produce acetylcholine - a neurotransmitter - and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor. ... S-adenosylmethionine). SAM is the substrate for almost all methylation reactions in mammals. It has been suggested that ...
Amino acid synthesis
Finally, DAP decarboxylase LysA mediates the last step of the lysine synthesis and is common for all studied bacterial species ... On the other hand, PurR, a protein which plays a role in purine synthesis and S-adeno-sylmethionine are known to down regulate ... The repressor protein MetJ, in cooperation with the corepressor protein S-adenosyl-methionine, mediates the repression of ...
Amino acid
Ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine are precursors of polyamines. Aspartate, glycine, and glutamine are precursors of ... and eflornithine drug that inhibits ornithine decarboxylase and used in the treatment of sleeping sickness. Amino acids are ... through the transsulfuration pathway or by the demethylation of methionine via the intermediate metabolite S-adenosylmethionine ...
3-O-Methyldopa
DDC acting as decarboxylase inhibitor makes COMT main metabolic pathway catalyzing this conversion of Levodopa. This process is ... The necessary cofactor for this enzymatic reaction is s-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Its half-life (approximately 15 hours) is ... On the other hand, the possibility of blocking peripheral decarboxylation by adding an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC ... This reaction happen in the process of decarboxylation by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) also called dopa- ...
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase is the enzyme that is used to decarboxylate phosphatidylserine in the first pathway. The ... S-Adenosyl methionine can subsequently methylate the amine of phosphatidylethanolamines to yield phosphatidylcholines. ...
Alan R. Battersby
... for example histidine decarboxylase and tyrosine decarboxylase. Alan Battersby married Margaret Ruth née Hart in 1949. She was ... were investigated using methyl-labelled S-adenosyl methionine. It was not until a genetically-engineered strain of Pseudomonas ...
List of enzymes
Category:EC 3.3 Adenosylmethionine hydrolase S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase Alkenylglycerophosphocholine hydrolase ... Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28) RubisCO (EC 4.1.1.39) Category:EC 4.1.2 Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC ... EC 4.1.1 Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) Uridine monophosphate synthetase (EC 4.1.1.23) ...
Choline
This is a S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) precursor. SAM is a common reagent in biological methylation reactions. For example, it ... which is catalyzed by a serine decarboxylase.[10] The synthesis of choline from ethanolamine may take place in three parallel ... Barak AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Junnila M, Tuma DJ (June 1993). "Dietary betaine promotes generation of hepatic S-adenosylmethionine ... S-adenosylmethionine).[4] SAM is the substrate for almost all methylation reactions in mammals. It has been suggested that ...
Fatty acid synthesis
BCKA decarboxylase and relative activities of α-keto acid substrates The BCKA decarboxylase enzyme is composed of two subunits ... S-adenosyl-methionine donates a methyl group to the double bond of oleic acid. This methylation reaction forms the intermediate ... A decarboxylase is essential for branched-chain fatty acid synthetase". J Biol Chem. 263 (34): 18386-96. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258 ... All of these factors may affect chain length, and HSFs have been demonstrated to alter the specificity of BCKA decarboxylase ...
Neurotransmitter
These conversions require vitamin B6, vitamin C, and S-adenosylmethionine. A few studies suggest potential antidepressant ... and the biosynthetic enzyme aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 6: ...
Thiamine
... which use S-adenosyl methionine as a cofactor. The starting material is 5-aminoimidazole ribotide, which undergoes a ... pyruvate decarboxylase (in yeast) several additional bacterial enzymes The enzymes transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH ...
Epigenetics of schizophrenia
... folate and vitamin B12 which are required for the creation S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), are also linked with increasing the ... "Nicotine decreases DNA methyltransferase 1 expression and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 promoter methylation in GABAergic ...
List of EC numbers (EC 2)
... malonate decarboxylase holo-[acyl-carrier protein] synthase EC 2.7.7.67: CDP-2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol synthase EC ... adenosylmethionine cyclotransferase EC 2.5.1.5: galactose-6-sulfurylase EC 2.5.1.6: methionine adenosyltransferase EC 2.5.1.7: ... adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate transaminase EC 2.6.1.63: kynurenine-glyoxylate transaminase EC 2.6.1.64: glutamine- ... S-adenosylmethionine:tRNA ribosyltransferase-isomerase EC 2.4.99.18: dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase ...
Bacterial microcompartment
For example, by adding this peptide to pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase, researchers have engineered an ethanol ... which obtain the catalytic radical from the cleavage of S-adenosylmethionine. One GRM locus in Clostridium phytofermentans has ...
MTAP
This takes place after MTA is generated from S-adenosylmethionine. MTAP was identified for the first time and characterized ... November 2004). "Loss of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and elevated ornithine decarboxylase is common in pancreatic cancer ... "Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase regulates ornithine decarboxylase by production of downstream metabolites". The Journal of ...
Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase - Wikipedia
The enzyme adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to S- ... S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) plays an essential regulatory role in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway by ... Pegg AE, Xiong H, Feith DJ, Shantz LM (November 1998). "S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase: structure, function and regulation ... Unlike many amino acid decarboxylases AdoMetDC uses a covalently bound pyruvate residue as a cofactor rather than the more ...
Adenosylmetionindekarboxylas (Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase) - Mede
Separation and partial purification of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine and spermine synthases from rat liver ...
Separation and partial purification of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine and spermine synthases from rat liver ... Separation and partial purification of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine and spermine synthases from rat liver ... The purification of S-adenoxyl-L-methionine decarboxylase from rat liver: inability to separate decarboxylation from spermidine ... Stimulation of the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine by putrescine in mammalian tissues. ...
Single-turnover kinetic analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi S- adenosylmethionine decarboxylase<...
... adenosylmethionine decarboxylase",. abstract = "Trypanosoma cruzi S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) catalyzes the ... Single-turnover kinetic analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi S- adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Lisa N. Kinch, Margaret A. Phillips ... Kinch, LN & Phillips, MA 2000, Single-turnover kinetic analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi S- adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, ... Trypanosoma cruzi S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) catalyzes the pyruvoyl-dependent decarboxylation of S- ...
Frontiers | Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling and Metabolic Analysis Uncover Multiple Molecular Responses of the Grass...
... "adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activity" molecular function category (Figure 3B), which is related to spermidine and ... S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; Spd, spermidine; Spm, spermine. The red or green colors respectively indicate increase or ... "adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activity" and "spermine biosynthetic process" (Figure 3). The decrease of glutamate ... and also affected the expression of glycine-related genes such as glycine decarboxylase (Figure 4). The decrease in putrescine ...
Polyamine metabolism in brain tumours: diagnostic relevance of quantitative biochemistry | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &...
ODC=Ornithine decarboxylase; SAMDC=S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; dec S-adenosylmethionine=decarboxylated S- ... S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC). The spermidine/spermidine ratio, which has been found to be increased in ... 1991) C-fos and ornithine decarboxylase gene expression in brain as early markers of neurotoxicity. Brain Res 544:291-296. ... 1986) Role of ornithine decarboxylase and the polyamines in nervous system development: a review. Brain Res Bull 17:307-320. ...
Predicted Orthologs - RBBH
spe-2 gene cDNA ORF clone, Neurospora crassa OR74A - GenScript
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Comment. Comment: PROVISIONAL REFSEQ: This record has not yet been subject to final NCBI ... Neurospora crassa OR74A S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (spe-2), mRNA.. pcDNA3.1-C-(k)DYK or customized vector. 7-9. $342.30 ... 961695.1 Neurospora crassa OR74A S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (spe-2), mRNA. ...
Fitxa persona
SCOP 1.67: Class d: Alpha and beta proteins (a+b)
d.156: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase [56275] (1 superfamily). duplication of beta-alpha-beta(4)-alpha-beta-alpha-beta(2) ... d.130: S-adenosylmethionine synthetase [55972] (1 superfamily). duplication: consists of 3 similar intertwined domains. ... d.125: Ornithine decarboxylase C-terminal domain [55903] (1 superfamily). complex alpha+beta motif. ... d.155: Pyruvoyl-dependent histidine and arginine decarboxylases [56270] (1 superfamily). duplication of beta-alpha-beta(2) ...
Effect of sulfasalazine on human neuroblastoma: analysis of sepiapterin reductase (SPR) as a new therapeutic target | BMC...
Inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase by inhibitor SAM486A connects polyamine metabolism with p53-Mdm2-Akt/protein ... We also showed that S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC, also known as SAMDC or AMD) is important for PA production in ... Targeting ornithine decarboxylase impairs development of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Cancer Res. 2009;69(2):547-53. ... Ornithine decarboxylase inhibition by {alpha}-difluoromethylornithine activates opposing signaling pathways via phosphorylation ...
Code System Concept
IMSEAR at SEARO: Search
CoP: Co-expressed Biological Processes
GSE22886 UNSTIM VS STIM MEMORY TCELL DN
STEPdb: Sub-cellular Topologies of E.coli Polypeptides.
2016 International Meeting for Autism Research: Gestational Valproic Acid Alters Polyamine Metabolism in the Mouse Placenta:...
ISMARA results: PKNOX1 TGIF2
SeneQuest
adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1. Link to human ortholog Link to mouse ortholog Search for interactions with genes linked to ... adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity [GO:0004014], putrescine binding [GO:0019810], protein binding [GO:0005515], lyase ... S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process [GO:0046500], in utero embryonic development [GO:0001701], polyamine biosynthetic ...
EOD24910 details
i5k - EOG84F8QC
Role of polyamine metabolism in plant pathogen interactions
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) is responsible for the synthesis of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine which is ... S-Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase; SPD: Spermidine; SPDS: Spermidine Synthase; SPM: Spermine; SPMS: Spermine Synthase ... catalysed by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), or indirectly by the decarboxylation of arginine by arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ... Pepper arginine decarboxylase is required for polyamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling in cell death and defense ...
gpuA protein (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) - STRING interaction network
Putative s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine to S- ... Putative s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine to S- ... Putative s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine to S- ... S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme; Catalyzes the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine to S- ...
ECMDB: Arginine and proline metabolism
Find Research outputs
- Yonsei University
Phosphoproteome
Model Search | BioModels
Cluster 81 details
Ornithine11
- The purpose was to investigate whether the content of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, and the activity of the first metabolic key enzyme of polyamine metabolism, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), represent biochemical markers of malignancy in brain tumours. (bmj.com)
- Biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine and their metabolic precursor putrescine is mainly regulated by changes in the activity of the first key enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17 ), which catalyzes the decarboxylation of the amino acid ornithine to the diamine putrescine (fig 1 ). (bmj.com)
- Placentas were dissected and assigned to analysis by (1) qRT-PCR of mRNA of polyamine pathway enzymes ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC), adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 (AMD1) and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), (2) SDS-PAGE-Western of ODC protein or (3) Hematoxylin-Eosin histochemistry for determination of placenta mid-sagittal cross-sectional area (following cryostat sectioning). (confex.com)
- Briefly, PUT is synthesized by the decarboxylation of ornithine, catalysed by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), or indirectly by the decarboxylation of arginine by arginine decarboxylase (ADC), via agmatine. (heighpubs.org)
- In liver cells recovering from reversible ischemia the increase in RNA synthesis by isolated nuclei is preceded by activation of ornithine decarboxylase, leading in turn to an increase in putrescine concentration. (unimi.it)
- therefore, ornithine decarboxylase activation does not seem to be a necessary prerequisite for the increase in RNA synthesis. (unimi.it)
- but pre-treatment of the animals with cycloheximide--which has a dual effect on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase--abolishes the post-ischemic enhancement of RNA synthesis. (unimi.it)
- In contrast with regenerating liver, changes in ornithine decarboxylase activity and putrescine concentrations in reversible ischemia are not associated to changes in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity and in spermine and spermidine concentrations that seem to be characteristic of tissues where increases in RNA synthesis are followed by DNA synthesis and cell multiplication. (unimi.it)
- Included in these are reactions catalyzed with the biosynthetic enzymes, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), as well as the spermidine and spermine synthases. (gasyblog.com)
- It goes through complicated regulation, mostly MK-4305 predicated on the induction of a distinctive, nonenzymatic, regulatory proteins called ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (OAZ) (Hayashi et al. (gasyblog.com)
- Renal toxicity was assessed in 19 patients receiving methyl acetylenic putrescine (MAP), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. (ox.ac.uk)
Spermine3
- S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) plays an essential regulatory role in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway by generating the n-propylamine residue required for the synthesis of spermidine and spermine from putrescein. (wikipedia.org)
- Plasmodium falciparum S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (PfAdoMetDC) plays an important role during the synthesis of polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine. (unizulu.ac.za)
- 2012) revealed that heat shock in Arabidopsis caused the induction of a spermine synthase gene ( SPMS ), S-adenosylmethionine gene, and an arginine decarboxylase 2 gene. (inquiriesjournal.com)
Putrescine2
- Stimulation of the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine by putrescine in mammalian tissues. (wikidata.org)
- Putrescine is synthesized from L-arginine by the reactions which are catalysed by the enzymes arginine decarboxylase and agmatinase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Proenzyme1
- W Tolbert, D. , Graham, D. E. , White, R. H. , and Ealick, S. E. (2003) Pyruvoyl-dependent arginine decarboxylase from Methanococcus jannaschii: crystal structures of the self-cleaved and S53A proenzyme forms . (cornell.edu)
SAMDC1
- S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) is responsible for the synthesis of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine which is used for the addition of the aminopropyl moiety. (heighpubs.org)
Decarboxylation3
- Trypanosoma cruzi S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) catalyzes the pyruvoyl-dependent decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is an important step in the biosynthesis of polyamines. (elsevier.com)
- A sweet-smelling amino corrosive decarboxylase (AADC) catalyst begins the biosynthesis with its decarboxylation. (psychemedicald.com)
- In plants, the first step in de novo biosynthesis of choline is the decarboxylation of serine into ethanolamine , which is catalyzed by a serine decarboxylase . (wikipedia.org)
Arginine1
- In the present study, expression of the catalase gene ( CAT ) related to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the polyamine metabolism related genes, diamine oxidase ( DAO ) and arginine decarboxylase ( ADC ), were localized in developing Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds. (biomedcentral.com)
AdoMetDC1
- Unlike many amino acid decarboxylases AdoMetDC uses a covalently bound pyruvate residue as a cofactor rather than the more common pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme DOPA decarboxylase2
- L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the brain and various parts of the body by the enzyme DOPA decarboxylase. (wikipathways.org)
- 5-HTP is able to cross the blood brain barrier (Patrick &Ames, 2015) where it is absorbed by brain nuclei which convert 5-HTP to serotonin (HT-hydroxytryptamine) in the presence of the enzyme dopa decarboxylase, and cofactors: zinc, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and magnesium (ERB, 2012). (brainfoodbrainfood.com)
Glutamic acid decarbox1
- PLP is a cofactor for glutamic acid decarboxylase, the enzyme that produces GABA, such that PLP deficiency results in insufficient GABA. (medscape.com)
Protein2
- They have discovered and biochemically characterized the enzymes responsible for the key C−N bond cleavage reaction that converts choline to TMA: the glycyl radical enzyme (GRE) choline TMA-lyase (CutC) and its corresponding radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) activating protein (CutD). (tissueandcells.com)
- The NF-kB protein then goes to nucleus and activates expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which generates nitric oxide (NO). It also activates aconitate decarboxylase (Irg1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). (pathbank.org)
DOPA-Decarboxylase1
- The Carbidopa is a DOPA-Decarboxylase and cannot cross the blood brain barrier, so it inhibits only peripheral enzymes that metabolize the primary drug (Levodopa), thus preventing the conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine peripherally. (longecity.org)
Enzymes1
- These proteins can be divided into two main groups which show little sequence similarity either to each other, or to other pyruvoyl-dependent amino acid decarboxylases: class I enzymes found in bacteria and archaea, and class II enzymes found in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
Synthesis1
- With methionine deficiency, S -adenosylmethionine accumulates, resulting in the inhibition of sphingolipid and myelin synthesis. (medscape.com)
Genes1
- In a 22015 study, the expression of the muscle-specific androgen-responsive genes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and myostatin were decreased by orchidectomy and restored by MK-2866 and DHT in control mice. (phoenixgenresearch.com)
Catalyzes1
- The enzyme adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl methionine to S-adenosylmethioninamine. (wikipedia.org)
Tryptophan2
- The activities of tryptophan decarboxylase and the two N-methyl-transferases increased rapidly to maximal rates of substrate conversion at day 5 of 95, 1000, and 2200 micromoles per hour per milliliter, respectively. (erowid.org)
- Tryptophan decarboxylase uses pyridoxal phosphate (PALP) as a coenzyme and has the following kinetic constants: K(m) (PALP) = 2.5 micromolar, K(m) (TRP) = 200 micromolar, K(i) (MT) = 5 millimolar, and K(i) (DMT) = 4 millimolar. (erowid.org)
MRNA1
- Neurospora crassa OR74A S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (spe-2), mRNA. (genscript.com)
Glutamate1
- Glutamate is metabolized by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) to gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). (vetlexicon.com)
Inhibitor1
- The traditional way to do this [take a dopamine precursor] is to administer the L-dopa along with a peripheral DDC (dopamine decarboxylase) inhibitor such as carbidopa as well as with a COMT (Catechol-O-methyl transferase) inhibitor. (longecity.org)
Choline1
- [4] Choline is required to produce acetylcholine - a neurotransmitter - and S -adenosylmethionine (SAM), a universal methyl donor. (wikipedia.org)
Serotonin1
- Furthermore, three of the supplements listed below--St. John's Wort, SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine), and 5-HTP--enhance the serotonin system. (lifeextensionvitamins.com)
Kinetic1
- Kinch, LN & Phillips, MA 2000, ' Single-turnover kinetic analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi S- adenosylmethionine decarboxylase ', Biochemistry , vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 3336-3343. (elsevier.com)
Expression1
- Increased Irg1 (actonitate decarboxylase) expression leads to accumulation of succinate, which results in the succinylation of phosphofructokinase M2 (PKM2) [3]. (pathbank.org)
Source1
- ethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase 1 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Found1
- This predicted S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase is found in a single copy in most Bacteria. (crispr.dk)
Structure1
- Toms, A. V. , Kinsland, C. , McCloskey, D. E. , Pegg, A. E. , and Ealick, S. E. (2004) Evolutionary links as revealed by the structure of Thermotoga maritima S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase . (cornell.edu)
Class1
- Well characterized family members include pyruvate formate-lyase, class III (anaerobic) ribonucleotide reductase, benzylsuccinate synthase, and 4- hydroxyphenylacetate decarboxylase.The glycyl radical is installed by a dedicated partner enzyme that is a member of the radical SAM enzyme superfamily. (tissueandcells.com)