Adenosine
Adenosine Triphosphate
Receptor, Adenosine A2A
Receptor, Adenosine A1
Adenosine Deaminase
Receptor, Adenosine A3
Adenosine Kinase
Receptor, Adenosine A2B
Adenosine Monophosphate
Receptors, Adenosine A2
Receptors, Purinergic P1
Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists
Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists
Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists
Guanosine Triphosphate
Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists
Receptors, Purinergic
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Adenosine Diphosphate
Apyrase
Theophylline
A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.
Magnesium
Nucleotides
Uridine Triphosphate
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)
Phosphocreatine
Receptors, Purinergic P2
5'-Nucleotidase
Phosphorus Isotopes
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Inosine
A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Cyclic AMP
Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists
Energy Metabolism
Coformycin
2-Chloroadenosine
Thiamine Triphosphate
3-((4-Amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl)-4-methyl-5-(4,6,8,8-tetrahydroxy-3,5,7-trioxa-4,6,8-triphosphaoct-1-yl)thiazolium hydroxide, inner salt, P,P',P''-trioxide. The triphosphate ester of thiamine. In Leigh's disease, this compound is present in decreased amounts in the brain due to a metabolic block in its formation.
Phenethylamines
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.
Nucleosides
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Rabbits
Dipyridamole
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Myocardium
Receptors, Purinergic P2X
Hypoxanthines
Inosine Triphosphate
Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate
5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.
Cells, Cultured
Ribonucleosides
Cytidine Triphosphate
Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2
Purines
Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
Tubercidin
Pyrophosphatases
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Glycolysis
A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Phosphotransferases
ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase
Oligomycins
A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).
Carbon Isotopes
Cyanides
Guinea Pigs
Erythrocytes
Deoxyribonucleotides
Oxygen Consumption
Firefly Luciferin
Binding Sites
Glucose
Thymine Nucleotides
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Cell Membrane
Phosphorus Radioisotopes
Dogs
Iodoacetates
Hypoxanthine
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Blood Platelets
Platelet Aggregation
Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists
Cell-Free System
A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)
Ribonucleotides
Nucleoside-Triphosphatase
An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates to nucleoside diphosphates. It may also catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleotide triphosphates, diphosphates, thiamine diphosphates and FAD. The nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolases I and II are subtypes of the enzyme which are found mostly in viruses.
Cattle
Rats, Inbred Strains
Ouabain
Pentostatin
Adenylate Cyclase
Lactic Acid
Purine Nucleotides
Enzyme Activation
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Chromatography, Paper
Cell Membrane Permeability
Deoxyadenosines
Sodium
Rats, Wistar
Edetic Acid
Tachyphylaxis
Biological Transport, Active
Theobromine
3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9)
GTP-Binding Proteins
Regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches. They control a wide range of biological processes including: receptor signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and protein synthesis. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.
Purinergic P2X Receptor Antagonists
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Phosphorus
Protein Binding
Uncoupling Agents
Suramin
A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.
Ethenoadenosine Triphosphate
Hexokinase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and a D-hexose to ADP and a D-hexose 6-phosphate. D-Glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, sorbitol, and D-glucosamine can act as acceptors; ITP and dATP can act as donors. The liver isoenzyme has sometimes been called glucokinase. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.1.
Iodoacetic Acid
Mutation
Perchlorates
Dinucleoside Phosphates
Muscle Contraction
Adenosine Phosphosulfate
Liver
Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate
Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases
Potassium Channels
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Thioinosine
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Pyruvate Kinase
Substrate Specificity
Vasodilation
Nucleotidases
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Succinates
Oxygen
Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate
A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508)
Potassium Cyanide
Amino Acid Sequence
Phosphorylation
Biological Transport
Triazines
Polyphosphates
Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase
An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.
Stimulation, Chemical
The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate
Muscle, Smooth
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Extracellular Space
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate
Antimycin A
Models, Molecular
Hyperemia
Models, Biological
Nicorandil
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Inhibitory innervation of cat sphincter of Oddi. (1/29202)
1 Electrical stimulation with trains of 0.1-0.2 ms pulses of the cat isolated sphincter of Oddi inhibited the spontaneous contractile activity and lowered base-line tension considerably. A contraction usually followed the period of stimulation. 2 These inhibitory effects were prevented by tetrodotoxin 0.1-0.5 mug/ml but were not reduced by hexamethonilm, morphine, or blockade of alpha- or beta-adrenoreceptors of cholinoceptors with phenoxy-benzamine propranolol or atropine, respectively. 3 Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) inhibited the spontaneous sphincter activity and caused relaxation thus mimicking the effects of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (C8-CCK), isoprenaline and prostaglandin E1 and E2. 4 ATP alone (greater than 100 mug/ml) or ATP (greater than 10 mug/ml) plus dipyridamole (1 mug/ml), relaxed the sphincter to the same degrees as did the field stimulation. 5 In sphincter maximally contracted by acetylcholine, the effect of stimulation was more marked than that recorded in uncontracted preparations. 6 The present findings suggest that the sphincter of Oddi receives inhibitory nerves that are neither cholinergic nor adrenergic. (+info)Membrane deinsertion of SecA underlying proton motive force-dependent stimulation of protein translocation. (2/29202)
The proton motive force (PMF) renders protein translocation across the Escherichia coli membrane highly efficient, although the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. The membrane insertion and deinsertion of SecA coupled to ATP binding and hydrolysis, respectively, are thought to drive the translocation. We report here that PMF significantly decreases the level of membrane-inserted SecA. The prlA4 mutation of SecY, which causes efficient protein translocation in the absence of PMF, was found to reduce the membrane-inserted SecA irrespective of the presence or absence of PMF. The PMF-dependent decrease in the membrane-inserted SecA caused an increase in the amount of SecA released into the extra-membrane milieu, indicating that PMF deinserts SecA from the membrane. The PMF-dependent deinsertion reduced the amount of SecA required for maximal translocation activity. Neither ATP hydrolysis nor exchange with external SecA was required for the PMF-dependent deinsertion of SecA. These results indicate that the SecA deinsertion is a limiting step of protein translocation and is accelerated by PMF, efficient protein translocation thereby being caused in the presence of PMF. (+info)A novel nucleotide incorporation activity implicated in the editing of mitochondrial transfer RNAs in Acanthamoeba castellanii. (3/29202)
In Acanthamoeba castellanii, most of the mtDNA-encoded tRNAs are edited by a process that replaces one or more of the first three nucleotides at their 5' ends. As a result, base pairing potential is restored at acceptor stem positions (1:72, 2:71, and/or 3:70, in standard tRNA nomenclature) that are mismatched according to the corresponding tRNA gene sequence. Here we describe a novel nucleotide incorporation activity, partially purified from A. castellanii mitochondria, that has properties implicating it in mitochondrial tRNA editing in this organism. This activity is able to replace nucleotides at the first three positions of a tRNA (positions 1, 2, and 3), matching the newly incorporated residues through canonical base pairing to the respective partner nucleotide in the 3' half of the acceptor stem. Labeling experiments with natural (Escherichia coli tRNATyr) and synthetic (run-off transcripts corresponding to A. castellanii mitochondrial tRNALeu1) substrates suggest that the nucleotide incorporation activity consists of at least two components, a 5' exonuclease or endonuclease and a template-directed 3'-to-5' nucleotidyltransferase. The nucleotidyltransferase component displays an ATP requirement and generates 5' pppN... termini in vitro. The development of an accurate and efficient in vitro system opens the way for detailed studies of the biochemical properties of this novel activity and its relationship to mitochondrial tRNA editing in A. castellanii. In addition, the system will allow delineation of the structural features in a tRNA that identify it as a substrate for the labeling activity. (+info)A processive single-headed motor: kinesin superfamily protein KIF1A. (4/29202)
A single kinesin molecule can move "processively" along a microtubule for more than 1 micrometer before detaching from it. The prevailing explanation for this processive movement is the "walking model," which envisions that each of two motor domains (heads) of the kinesin molecule binds coordinately to the microtubule. This implies that each kinesin molecule must have two heads to "walk" and that a single-headed kinesin could not move processively. Here, a motor-domain construct of KIF1A, a single-headed kinesin superfamily protein, was shown to move processively along the microtubule for more than 1 micrometer. The movement along the microtubules was stochastic and fitted a biased Brownian-movement model. (+info)Low resting potential and postnatal upregulation of NMDA receptors may cause Cajal-Retzius cell death. (5/29202)
Using in situ patch-clamp techniques in rat telencephalic slices, we have followed resting potential (RP) properties and the functional expression of NMDA receptors in neocortical Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells from embryonic day 18 to postnatal day 13, the time around which these cells normally disappear. We find that throughout their lives CR cells have a relatively depolarized RP (approximately -50 mV), which can be made more hyperpolarized (approximately -70 mV) by stimulation of the Na/K pump with intracellular ATP. The NMDA receptors of CR cells are subjected to intense postnatal upregulation, but their similar properties (EC50, Hill number, sensitivity to antagonists, conductance, and kinetics) throughout development suggest that their subunit composition remains relatively homogeneous. The low RP of CR cells is within a range that allows for the relief of NMDA channels from Mg2+ blockade. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CR cells may degenerate and die subsequent to uncontrolled overload of intracellular Ca2+ via NMDA receptor activation by ambient glutamate. In support of this hypothesis we have obtained evidence showing the protection of CR cells via in vivo blockade of NMDA receptors with dizocilpine. (+info)Purinogen is not an endogenous substrate used in endothelial cells during substrate deprivation. (6/29202)
Porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) are known to be metabolically robust. They are capable of surviving extended periods of complete lack of exogenous substrate, and purine release has been shown to be significantly up-regulated. The endogenous substrates used during substrate deprivation, as well as the sources responsible for the increased purine release, have not been completely identified. We tested the possibility that a phosphoglyceroyl-ATP-containing polymer, purinogen, might support PAEC hibernation induced by lack of exogenous substrate. This involved isolation of the acid-insoluble fraction of PAEC, which was presumed to contain purinogen, and analysis by HPLC and 31P NMR. No evidence supporting the presence of triphosphate-containing compounds (purinogen) was found. Similar results were obtained in the rat heart. The majority of the products in the acid-insoluble, alkaline-treated fraction were identified as RNA degradation products (2'- and 3'-nucleoside monophosphates). A [14C]adenosine labelling experiment showed that incorporation of adenosine into the acid-insoluble fraction was almost completely prevented after inhibition of RNA synthesis with actinomycin D. Furthermore, RNA isolated from PAEC and subsequently treated with alkali showed a profile that was almost identical with the HPLC profile of the acid-insoluble fraction. Finally, substrate-free incubation of the cells did not quantitatively or qualitatively influence the distribution of acid-insoluble derivatives. We conclude that PAEC survival during the absence of exogenous substrate is not supported by purinogen but rather by some other, yet-to-be-identified, endogenous substrate. (+info)An RNA switch at the 5' splice site requires ATP and the DEAD box protein Prp28p. (7/29202)
Pre-mRNA splicing requires dramatic RNA rearrangements hypothesized to be catalyzed by ATP-dependent RNA unwindases of the DExD/H box family. In a rearrangement critical for the fidelity of 5' splice site recognition, a base-pairing interaction between the 5' splice site and U1 snRNA must be switched for a mutually exclusive interaction between the 5' splice site and U6 snRNA. By lengthening the U1:5' splice site duplex, we impeded this switch in a temperature-dependent manner and prevented formation of the spliceosome's catalytic core. Using genetics, we identified the DExD/H box protein Prp28p as a potential mediator of the switch. In vitro, the switch requires both Prp28p and ATP. We propose that Prp28p directs isomerization of RNA at the 5' splice site and promotes fidelity in splicing. (+info)Splicing factor Prp8 governs U4/U6 RNA unwinding during activation of the spliceosome. (8/29202)
The pre-mRNA 5' splice site is recognized by the ACAGA box of U6 spliceosomal RNA prior to catalysis of splicing. We previously identified a mutant U4 spliceosomal RNA, U4-cs1, that masks the ACAGA box in the U4/U6 complex, thus conferring a cold-sensitive splicing phenotype in vivo. Here, we show that U4-cs1 blocks in vitro splicing in a temperature-dependent, reversible manner. Analysis of splicing complexes that accumulate at low temperature shows that U4-cs1 prevents U4/U6 unwinding, an essential step in spliceosome activation. A novel mutation in the evolutionarily conserved U5 snRNP protein Prp8 suppresses the U4-cs1 growth defect. We propose that wild-type Prp8 triggers unwinding of U4 and U6 RNAs only after structurally correct recognition of the 5' splice site by the U6 ACAGA box and that the mutation (prp8-201) relaxes control of unwinding. (+info)
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Substrate-level phosphorylation
Adenosine triphosphate is a major "energy currency" of the cell. The high energy bonds between the phosphate groups can be ... "Adenosine Triphosphate". Drugs. 58 (2): 211-232. doi:10.2165/00003495-199958020-00002. ISSN 0012-6667. PMID 10473017. S2CID ...
Regrelor
Nave CR (2005). "Adenosine Triphosphate". Hyper Physics [serial on the Internet]. Georgia State University. Douglass JG, Patel ... Regrelor was synthesized from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), an endogenous chemical involved in metabolism. The authors noted ...
ATP hydrolysis
"ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate". cnx.org. Retrieved 2018-05-16. Wackerhage, H.; Hoffmann, U.; Essfeld, D.; Leyk, D.; Mueller, K.; ... The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, ... process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP ... adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another inorganic phosphate (Pi). ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy ...
Pyrosequencing
PPi is pyrophosphate APS is adenosine 5-phosphosulfate; ATP is adenosine triphosphate; O2 is oxygen molecule; AMP is adenosine ... The addition of one of the four deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) (dATPαS, which is not a substrate for a luciferase, is ... This incorporation releases pyrophosphate (PPi). ATP sulfurylase converts PPi to ATP in the presence of adenosine 5´ ... and with the substrates adenosine 5´ phosphosulfate (APS) and luciferin. ...
Arachnocampa
... adenosine triphosphate, the energy molecule; and oxygen. It occurs in modified excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules in ...
List of OMIM disorder codes
APC Adenosine deaminase deficiency, partial; 102700; ADA Adenosine triphosphate, elevated, of erythrocytes; 102900; PKLR ...
Olga Kennard
... including the first three-dimensional structure of adenosine triphosphate and particularly the different forms of DNA. Together ... "Three dimensional structure of adenosine triphosphate". Nature. 225 (5230): 333-336. Bibcode:1970Natur.225..333K. doi:10.1038/ ...
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease
Increased breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP; the molecule used as energy currency in all living things), which results ...
Frances Ashcroft
Ashcroft, F. M. (1988). "Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate-Sensitive Potassium Channels". Annual Review of Neuroscience. 11: 97-118. ...
Energy charge
Atkinson DE, Walton GM (July 1967). "Adenosine triphosphate conservation in metabolic regulation. Rat liver citrate cleavage ...
Plasma gelsolin
"Human Plasma Gelsolin Binds Adenosine Triphosphate". The Journal of Biochemistry. 108 (4): 505-506. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals. ...
Proton pump
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) driven proton pumps (also referred to as proton ATPases or H+ -ATPases) are proton pumps driven by ... or adenosine triphosphate (ATP; proton ATPases). Complex I (EC 1.6.5.3) (also referred to as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase or ... the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Three classes of proton ATPases are found in nature. In a single cell (for ...
Enzyme catalysis
Lymn RW, Taylor EW (December 1971). "Mechanism of adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis by actomyosin". Biochemistry. 10 (25): 4617 ... adenosine triphosphate). Many cofactors are vitamins, and their role as vitamins is directly linked to their use in the ... White HD, Belknap B, Webb MR (September 1997). "Kinetics of nucleoside triphosphate cleavage and phosphate release steps by ...
Edwin W. Taylor
Lymn, R. W.; Taylor, E. W. (1971-12-07). "Mechanism of adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis by actomyosin". Biochemistry. 10 (25 ... In 1987, S. Rosenfeld and Taylor evaluated the regulatory mechanism of actin-sub fragment 1 nucleoside triphosphate. They were ... Finlayson, Birdwell; Taylor, Edwin William (1969-03-01). "Hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates by myosin during the transient ...
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies
Rizzo, Joseph F. (1995). "Adenosine triphosphate deficiency: a genre of optic neuropathy". Neurology. 45 (1): 11-6. doi:10.1212 ...
ATP deaminase
This enzyme is also called adenosine triphosphate deaminase. Chung ST, Aida K (January 1967). "Purification and properties of ...
ABCC8
Aguilar-Bryan L, Bryan J (1999). "Molecular biology of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels". Endocr. Rev. 20 (2 ... 1996). "Adenosine diphosphate as an intracellular regulator of insulin secretion". Science. 272 (5269): 1785-7. doi:10.1126/ ...
Kir6.2
Aguilar-Bryan L, Bryan J (1999). "Molecular biology of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels". Endocr. Rev. 20 (2 ...
Enzyme
Examples include NADH, NADPH and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Some coenzymes, such as flavin mononucleotide (FMN), flavin ... carried by adenosine triphosphate the acetyl group, carried by coenzyme A formyl, methenyl or methyl groups, carried by folic ...
Colin Nichols
Nichols, C. G.; Lederer, W. J. (1991). "Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in the cardiovascular system". The ... "Adenosine Diphosphate as an Intracellular Regulator of Insulin Secretion". Science. 272 (5269): 1785-7. doi:10.1126/science. ...
Membrane channel
They release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activate purinergic receptors. On the other hand, purinergic receptor ...
Mildred Cohn
"Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of adenosine di- and triphosphate. II. Effect of complexing with divalent metal ions". The ... particularly reactions of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). She received the nation's highest science award, the National Medal of ... "Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectra of adenosine diphosphate and triphosphate. I. Effect of PH". The Journal of Biological ...
Deep biosphere
Life requires enough energy to construct adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Where there is sunlight, the main processes for ...
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Sirturo is an adenosine triphosphate synthase (ATP synthase) inhibitor. The following drugs are experimental compounds that are ...
Adrenergic blocking agent
Adenosine triphosphate(ATP), is then catalyzed to form cAMP. cAMP will facilitate release of protein kinase A as well as ...
Firefly luciferin
As with all other luciferins, oxygen is required to elicit light; however, it has also been found adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ... Green A, McElroy WD (1956). "Function of adenosine triphosphate in the activation of luciferin". Arch Biochem Biophys. 64 (2): ...
Lombricine kinase
Gaffney TJ, Rosenberg H, Ennor AH (1964). "The purification and properties of adenosine triphosphate-lombricine ...
Luciferin
The chemistry is unusual, as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required for light emission, in addition to molecular oxygen. ... Green A, Mcelroy WD (October 1956). "Function of adenosine triphosphate in the activation of luciferin". Archives of ...
Acylglycerol kinase
Pieringer RA, Hokin LE (March 1962). "Biosynthesis of lysophosphatdic acid from monoglyceride and adenosine triphosphate". The ...
Nitrogenase
Cohn, Mildred; Hughes, Thomas R. (1962). "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Adenosine Di- and Triphosphate". Journal of ...
অ্যাডিনোসিন ট্রাইফসফেট - উইকিপিডিয়া
"Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt Product Information" (PDF)। Sigma। ২০১৯-০৩-২৩ তারিখে মূল (PDF) থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। ... triphosphate to adenosine 5′-diphosphate" (PDF): 12733-12737। পিএমআইডি 3528161। ২০০৭-০৯-২৭ তারিখে মূল (PDF) থেকে আর্কাইভ করা। ...
Glycolysis
CH3COCO2H). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ... Thus, these cells rely on anaerobic metabolic processes such as glycolysis for ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Some tumor cells ... Each liberates an oxygen atom when it binds to an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecule, contributing 2 O overall ...
അഡിനോസിൻ ഡൈഫോസ്ഫേറ്റ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
adenosine). *Agonists: 2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine. *2-Cl-IB-MECA. *2'-MeCCPA ...
Herbivore
They can have several functions that disrupt herbivores such as inhibiting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) formation, molting ...
Favipiravir
It mimics both guanosine and adenosine for the viral RdRP. Incorporating two such bases in a row stops primer extension, ... triphosphate (favipiravir-RTP), available in both oral and intravenous formulations.[11][12] In 2014, favipiravir was approved ... "The ambiguous base-pairing and high substrate efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) Ribofuranosyl 5'-triphosphate towards ...
DNA repair
... byproducts of the constant production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via oxidative phosphorylation, create a highly oxidative ... PARP1 synthesizes polymeric adenosine diphosphate ribose (poly (ADP-ribose) or PAR) chains on itself. Next the chromatin ...
Biological computing
When adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is added, the actin filaments or microtubules are propelled through the channels, thus ...
Bedaquiline
... tuberculosis to make adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP).[1] ...
Adenozin-monofosfat - Википедија
Kunitz M (1962). „Hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate by crystalline yeast pyrophosphatase. Effect of zinc and magnesium ions" ... Adenosine+monophosphate на US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... Rosano TG, Clayson KJ, Strandjord PE (1976). „Evaluation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and fluoride as adenylate kinase ...
Paul D. Boyer, ìwé-ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Adenosine triphosphate. Àwọn ẹ̀bùn àyẹ́sí. Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1997). ...
Adenozin trifosfat
Adenosine+triphosphate Jmol-3D slike Slika 1 SMILES. O=P(O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OC[[email protected]]3O[[email protected]@H](n2cnc1c(ncnc12)N)[[email protected]](O)[[email protected]@H] ...
Brain ischemia
... the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) drop rapidly, approaching zero within 4 minutes. In the absence of biochemical ...
Metabolism
One central coenzyme is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the universal energy currency of cells. This nucleotide is used to ... causing the active site of the synthase domain to change shape and phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate - turning it into ATP. ...
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
The cytosol of the host cell contains nutrients, adenosine triphosphate, amino acids, and nucleotides which are used by the ...
Sodium-potassium pump
The sodium-potassium pump (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, Na⁺/K⁺ pump, or sodium- ... and inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) in different intracellular compartments. Protein-protein interactions play a ... Skou JC (February 1957). "The influence of some cations on an adenosine triphosphatase from peripheral nerves". Biochimica et ...
Mitochondrial DNA
... such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the ...
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
... which uses other forms of energy such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or a proton gradient. Since it can transport things ...
ATP6V0A2
Derks R, Beaman K (2005). "Regeneration and tolerance factor modulates the effect of adenosine triphosphate-induced interleukin ...
Rastrick High School
... winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1997 for discovery of an enzyme mechanism in the synthesis of Adenosine triphosphate ...
Bioluminescence
... and sometimes also the energy-carrying molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In evolution, luciferins vary little: one in ... adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate (PP) as waste products. Other cofactors may be required, such as calcium (Ca2+ ...
Enzyme inhibitor
... and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) respectively. As enzymes have evolved to bind their substrates tightly, and most reversible ... triphosphate analogs. Kinetics of incorporation into DNA and induction of inhibition". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 ...
Fabio Cannavaro
This chemical is, in partnership with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), fundamental to the ability of the body to produce muscular ...
Find-me signals
... adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), uridine triphosphate (UTP) and uridine diphosphate (UDP); the lipids ...
Index of biochemistry articles
... adenosine - adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - adenosine monophosphate (AMP) - adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - adenovirus - ...
Calcium concentration microdomains
Since it opposes the normal flow of ions during an action potential, energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is used ...
Manuel Morales
1956) The Enthalpy Change of Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis J Biol Chem 218: 945-959 (pdf) "List of past presidents, ... 1956) The Enthalpy Change of Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis Journal of Biological Chemistry 218: 945-959 (pdf) Mendelson RA ...
Synchrotron Radiation Source
Adenosine Triphosphate), a key component of the body's energy transport, and Sir Venki Ramakrishnan for his work on the ...
Cytidylate kinase
Ruffner BW, Anderson EP (November 1969). "Adenosine triphosphate: uridine monophosphate-cytidine monophosphate ...
Prostatic acid phosphatase
When in distress, nerve cells release a chemical known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which in turn invokes a painful ... ATP is broken down into AMP (adenosine monophosphate), which PAP converts into adenosine, a molecule known to suppress pain. ... October 2008). "Prostatic acid phosphatase is an ectonucleotidase and suppresses pain by generating adenosine". Neuron. 60 (1 ...
Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) Adenosine-tetraphosphatase Adenosine methylene triphosphate ATPases ... Energy ATP and Exercise PubChem entry for Adenosine Triphosphate KEGG entry for Adenosine Triphosphate (CS1: long volume value ... Gajewski, E.; Steckler, D.; Goldberg, R. (1986). "Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5′-triphosphate to adenosine 5 ... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as ...
Adenosine Triphosphate News, Research - Page 2
Physiology, Adenosine Triphosphate - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. The structure of ATP is a ... nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups ... Physiology, Adenosine Triphosphate. Jacob Dunn; Michael H. Grider.. Author Information. Authors. Jacob Dunn1; Michael H. Grider ... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. The structure of ATP is a ...
Adenosine triphosphate - Food
Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP Supplement) - Proteinfactory
Triphosphate (ATP supplement). Get the best ATP supplement right here. ... is a clinically validated and patented form of Adenosine 5- ... Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate (ATP supplement) can be used for lean ... "PEAK ATP® is a clinically validated and patented form of Adenosine 5-Triphosphate (ATP supplement) Disodium shown to improve ... Study shows effects of oral adenosine-5-triphosphate supplementation on athletic performance, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and ...
RCSB PDB - 5BSM: Crystal structure of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase complexed with magnesium and Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Buffer - Cytoskeleton, Inc.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Complete
Creator: Rodbell, Martin, 1925-1998 / Language: English / Subject: Adenosine Triphosphate - Martin Rodbell - Profiles in...
Language: English / Subject: Nucleotides and Adenosine Triphosphate - Martin Rodbell - Profiles in Science Search Results
Pyruvate Utilization, Phosphocholine and Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Are Markers of Human Breast Tumor Progression: A 31P- and...
Evidence for a role of the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 in the externalization of annexin I from...
Evidence for a role of the adenosine 5-triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 in the externalization of annexin I from ... "Evidence for a Role of the Adenosine 5-Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 in the Externalization of Annexin I from ... "Evidence for a Role of the Adenosine 5-Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 in the Externalization of Annexin I from ... Chapman, L., Epton, M., Buckingham, J., Morris, J., & Christian, H. (2003). Evidence for a role of the adenosine 5- ...
Cardioprotective benefits of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener diazoxide are lost with administration...
Background Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive (KATP) potassium channel opener diazoxide (DZX) maintains myocyte volume and ... N2 - Background Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive (KATP) potassium channel opener diazoxide (DZX) maintains myocyte volume and ... AB - Background Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive (KATP) potassium channel opener diazoxide (DZX) maintains myocyte volume and ... Cardioprotective benefits of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener diazoxide are lost with administration ...
Fibromyalgia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Fibromyalgia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Fibromyalgia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
IMSEAR at SEARO: Adenosine triphosphate content of Mycobacterium leprae by percoll buoyant density centrifugation.
Adenosine triphosphate content of Mycobacterium leprae by percoll buoyant density centrifugation.. Authors: Sharma, V K. Kaur, ... Adenosine triphosphate assay was carried out by (i) enzyme treatment method in 18 patients and (ii) percoll buoyant density ... Adenosine triphosphate content of Mycobacterium leprae by percoll buoyant density centrifugation. Indian Journal of ...
Key Definitions & Abbreviations | Environmental Cleaning in RLS | HAI | CDC
Phosphorus-32 Labeled Compounds : Adenosine 5'-triphosphate [g-32P] tetra(triethylammonium) salt
Biology: ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate - VOER
As its name suggests, adenosine triphosphate is comprised of adenosine bound to three phosphate groups ([link]). Adenosine is a ... The answer lies with an energy-supplying molecule called adenosine triphosphate, or ATP. ATP is a small, relatively simple ... The reason that these bonds are considered "high-energy" is because the products of such bond breaking-adenosine diphosphate ( ... It has an adenosine backbone with three phosphate groups attached.. ...
"Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism" | Glembotski...
Table - Evolution of Sequence Type 4821 Clonal Complex Meningococcal Strains in China from Prequinolone to Quinolone Era, 1972...
Chemical Compound ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE - overview | canSAR.ai
Adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride in radiation injury<...
title = "Adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride in radiation injury",. abstract = "Although adenosine triphosphate-magnesium ... Adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride in radiation injury. A. J. Senagore, J. W. Milson, R. K. Walshaw, U. Mostoskey, R. ... Adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride in radiation injury. / Senagore, A. J.; Milson, J. W.; Walshaw, R. K. et al. ... Adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride in radiation injury. In: Surgery. 1992 ; Vol. 112, No. 5. pp. 933-939. ...
DISODIUM ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE | L'OREAL
Adenosine Triphosphate - Page 5 | KUPDF
Adenosine Triphosphate | Definition , Types & Examples
Humans can produce adenosine triphosphate in their bodies. ... Adenosine Triphosphate is a molecule that helps to produce ... Adenosine Triphosphate , Definition, Types & Examples. Definition of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP):. What is Adenosine ... Structure of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP):. What are the components of Adenosine triphosphate ATP? ATP is a molecule that ... The function of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP):. Functions are described below:. *The cell has 20 billion ATP molecules. However ...
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt manufacturer,supplier - Highassay Chemical
Biology 2e, The Cell, Metabolism, ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate | OpenEd CUNY
Increased expression of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ channels in mitral dysfunction: mechanically stimulated...
The aim of this study was to test whether adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel expression relates to mechanical ... The aim of this study was to test whether adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel expression relates to mechanical ... Increased expression of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ channels in mitral dysfunction: mechanically stimulated ...
DiphosphateProduce adenosine triphosphateGlycolysisMonophosphateMetabolismMitochondriaStands for Adenosine triphosphateMagnesiumDisodium adenosine triphosphateMolecule adenosine triphosphateMoleculesEnzymeNucleosideElectron TransGenerateMitochondrialNucleotidesProteinsKATPPhysiologySubstancesEndothelial cellsAdenineExtracellular signalinCarbohydratesSugar riboseSkeletal muscleHydrolysisCreatineMuscleEnzymesPancreaticCassetteCellsFuelAcidVascularReceptorsComponentsDysfunctionReactionsNucleotide
Diphosphate13
- When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (wikipedia.org)
- Researchers discovered compounds able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 macrodomain 1 and adenosine diphosphate-ribose binding via high throughput screening. (news-medical.net)
- The reason that these bonds are considered "high-energy" is because the products of such bond breaking-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and one inorganic phosphate group (P i )-have considerably lower free energy than the reactants: ATP and a water molecule. (edu.vn)
- The addition or removal of phosphate results in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (ibiologia.com)
- CP hands over its extra phosphate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thus regenerating ATP. (ibiologia.com)
- ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate, and it's not only one of the most important molecules in the body, but it's also one of the most numerous. (kitabdukan.com)
- a phosphate group is transferred to another molecule in a process called phosphorylation, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (cosmosmagazine.com)
- Adenosine 5′-diphosphate disodium salt has been used as a purinergic G protein-coupled receptor P2Y12 agonistin platelet activation tests in blood samples. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) is an adenine nucleotide involved in energy storage and nucleic acid metabolism via its conversion into ATP by ATP synthases. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The enzyme hexokinase (HK) catalyzes the reaction between glucose and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (cdc.gov)
- When a cell needs energy, it breaks this bond to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule. (nfpt.com)
- CD39 and CD73 are a representative set of coupled ectonucleotidases, where CD39 first converts ATP and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into AMP, after which the AMP product is dephosphorylated into adenosine by CD73. (biorxiv.org)
- British chemist Peter Mitchell developed chemiosmotic theory in 1961, to explain how the mitochondria of living cells generate energy by converting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (nndb.com)
Produce adenosine triphosphate3
- The vast majority of eukaryotic cells perform oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which uses the energy generated by mitochondrial oxidation to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (nature.com)
- Creatine helps your body to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in muscle tissue. (fitnesshealthzone.com)
- They are also called oxidative muscles, which refers to how they produce adenosine triphosphate, abbreviated as ATP. (southernstandard.com)
Glycolysis2
- The skeletal muscle utilizes glycolysis (anaerobic) and mitochondria (aerobic) to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (frontiersin.org)
- The body uses magnesium for other biosynthetic processes, too, such as glycolysis and forming cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (purebulk.com)
Monophosphate4
- In its many reactions related to metabolism, the adenine and sugar groups remain unchanged, but the triphosphate is converted to di- and monophosphate, giving respectively the derivatives ADP and AMP. (wikipedia.org)
- Norepinephrine activated adenylate cyclase through β -adrenoceptors, thereby significantly increased the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which enhanced the analgesic activity of MA [ 25 , 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In some instances, the second phosphate group can also be further broken down to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP) . (nfpt.com)
- Ectonucleotidases localized to a synaptic junction degrade such nucleotides into metabolites like adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or adenosine, oftentimes in a sequential manner. (biorxiv.org)
Metabolism3
- Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is involved in the regulation of a variety of biologic processes, including neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and liver glucose metabolism. (essense-of-life.com)
- Magnesium is an essential element in human metabolism and is required for over 300 enzyme reactions, including all reactions requiring adenosine triphosphate. (europa.eu)
- This chemical action generates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), an enzyme that produces energy for plant metabolism. (gardenguides.com)
Mitochondria6
- by which mitochondria generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy source. (medlineplus.gov)
- Oxygen is used in mitochondria to generate adenosine triphosphate during oxidative phosphorylation. (reference.com)
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) energy molecules are made in the mitochondria via the Krebs cycle. (orthomolecular.org)
- Among them are mitochondria, which are used to generate adenosine triphosphate molecules - a universal energy source consumed in various cellular processes. (astrobiology.com)
- When a nutrient from our food enters a cell, the mitochondria there burn it - a process called respiration - in a way that captures its energy by producing another energy-rich molecule, called adenosine triphosphate. (newscientist.com)
- Found in the mitochondria, Coenzyme Q10 supports the formation of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), the basic cellular energy molecule. (kvsupply.com)
Stands for Adenosine triphosphate1
- ATP stands for Adenosine triphosphate, and it is usually administered in liposomal form via a spray during a hair transplant procedure. (hairlosscure2020.com)
Magnesium2
- Although adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl 2 ) has demonstrated cytoprotective effects in a variety of adverse pathophysiologic conditions, its ability to alter radiation injury is unknown. (utmb.edu)
- From an athletic point of view, magnesium helps to produce and regulate levels of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). (smartglobalhealth.org)
Disodium adenosine triphosphate1
- Disodium adenosine triphosphate is used to maintain the skin in good condition. (loreal.com)
Molecule adenosine triphosphate2
- Now, a new study in mice has found that remote inflammation spreads by neuron crosstalk, and that the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a key role in this by acting as a neurotransmitter and inflammation enhancer. (cosmosmagazine.com)
- An organelle in the cytoplasm of cells, which produces most of the energy-rich molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cells. (thefreedictionary.com)
Molecules4
- The structure of Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt's molecules can be abbreviated as AP ~ P ~P, where A representative of adenosine, P behalf of phosphate groups, ~ represents a particular chemical bond, called the high-energy phosphate bond, high-energy phosphate bond cleavage, the large amount of energy is released out. (prius-biotech.com)
- CH 3 COCO 2 H ). The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). (wikipedia.org)
- Nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are locally released, short-lived, yet potent estracelfular signaling molecules. (cnrs.fr)
- It is important for energy transfer in cells as part of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and is found in many other biologically important molecules. (rsc.org)
Enzyme2
- Adenosine triphosphate assay was carried out by (i) enzyme treatment method in 18 patients and (ii) percoll buoyant density gradient method in 21 patients. (who.int)
- Today, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) does the job of linking amino acids into proteins, activated by an enzyme called aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. (livescience.com)
Nucleoside4
- From the perspective of biochemistry, ATP is classified as a nucleoside triphosphate, which indicates that it consists of three components: a nitrogenous base (adenine), the sugar ribose, and the triphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
- The structure of ATP is a nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups. (nih.gov)
- Adenosine is a nucleoside consisting of the nitrogenous base adenine and a five-carbon sugar, ribose. (edu.vn)
- From a biochemical perspective, ATP consists of three components (nucleoside triphosphate). (kitabdukan.com)
Electron Trans1
- This energy is produced via the electron transport chain in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (puritan.com)
Generate1
- All plants and animals were thought to use oxygen to generate a fuel called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which powers cellular processes. (freethoughtblogs.com)
Mitochondrial1
- In a study supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP ( http://www.bv.fapesp.br/en/auxilios/88748 ), Nicodemo partnered with Professor Fábio Ermínio Mingatto and students at FCAT-USP to investigate the effects of pyraclostrobin, a strobilurin fungicide widely used as a crop spray, on the mitochondrial bioenergetics of silkworms (Bombyx mori) and their production of cocoons. (brightsurf.com)
Nucleotides1
- Synapsed cells can communicate using exocytosed nucleotides like adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (biorxiv.org)
Proteins1
- In atp adenosine triphosphate, the energy released when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and AMP is used to fuel metabolic reactions and other cellular processes, such as the movement of proteins within cells, by active transport across plasma membranes and muscle contraction. (ibiologia.com)
KATP3
- The aim of this study was to test whether adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel expression relates to mechanical and hypoxic stress within the left human heart.The KATP channels play a vital role in preserving the metabolic integrity of the stressed heart. (univr.it)
- Both propofol and thiamylal inhibit adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. (asahq.org)
- This study was performed to assess the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) in these effects. (silverchair.com)
Physiology1
- Adenosine is a naturally occurring extracellular signaling molecule that facilitates essential functions in human biology and physiology. (nfpt.com)
Substances1
- Effects of adenosine triphosphate and other substances on hydroxyproline-induced inhibition of Avena coleoptile elongation (Unpublished thesis). (txstate.edu)
Endothelial cells1
- The intracellular calcium dynamics in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in response to wall shear stress (WSS) and/or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have been commonly regarded as an important factor in regulating VEC function and behavior including proliferation, migration and apoptosis. (preprints.org)
Adenine1
- ATP consists of an adenine attached by the 9-nitrogen atom to the 1′ carbon atom of a sugar (ribose), which in turn is attached at the 5' carbon atom of the sugar to a triphosphate group. (wikipedia.org)
Extracellular signalin1
- Adenosine 5-triphosphate is a well-known extracellular signaling molecule and neurotransmitter recognized to activate purinergic P2X receptors. (careersfromscience.org)
Carbohydrates3
- Muscle cells metabolize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from either carbohydrates or fats to produce the energy for physical activity. (acefitness.org)
- These powerhouses, located within cells, convert carbohydrates (glucose, in their most elemental form) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (nfpt.com)
- It helps synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy and metabolize carbohydrates. (purebulk.com)
Sugar ribose1
- It has a nitrogenous base, a sugar-ribose, and triphosphate. (kitabdukan.com)
Skeletal muscle1
- To facilitate this process, adenosine contributes to the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow by stimulating prostaglandin and nitric oxide synthesis. (nfpt.com)
Hydrolysis1
- Hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate by crystalline yeast pyrophosphatase. (wikipedia.org)
Creatine4
- This is due to the role of creatine in the regeneration of adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy source required for most muscle activity. (usda.gov)
- In the phosphagen system of energy generation, ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is generated through creatine phosphate. (eatbettermovemore.org)
- The key function of creatine is to help create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides the muscles with energy. (illpumpyouup.com)
- Naturally found in raw meat, and mostly destroyed by cooking, creatine produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cells. (lifestylemarkets.com)
Muscle2
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate (ATP supplement) can be used for lean muscle building and energy, It is distributed and manufactured by the TSI group. (proteinfactory.com)
Enzymes1
- Pretreatment with a combination of quercetin and α-tocopherol ameliorates adenosine triphosphatases and lysosomal enzymes in myocardial infarcted rats. (scielo.br)
Pancreatic1
- Nateglinide interacts with the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ̶ sensitive potassium channel on pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
Cassette3
- Evidence for a role of the adenosine 5'-triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 in the externalization of annexin I from pituitary folliculo-stellate cells. (ox.ac.uk)
- ABCB6 is an associate from the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette category of transporter protein that's increasingly named another physiological and therapeutic focus on. (conferencedequebec.org)
- These include targeting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, inducing cell apoptosis, inhibiting DNA repair, regulating metabolic reprogramming, or using combination therapy. (naturalnews.com)
Cells5
- ATP is broken down into adenosine, which binds with receptors on nerve cells. (ibiologia.com)
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is an energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. (kitabdukan.com)
- ATP - adenosine triphosphate, the vital energy source that keeps our body's cells alive, runs amok at the site of a spinal cord injury, pouring into the area around the wound and killing the cells that normally allow us to move, scientists report in the cover story of the August issue of Nature Medicine. (news-medical.net)
- Adenosine forms from the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy source in cells. (nfpt.com)
- Bacteria-derived adenosine triphosphate (ATP) limits T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the Peyer's patches (PPs) via P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) an. (researchgate.net)
Fuel2
- They do this by producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the muscle's basic fuel source. (livingsocial.com)
- Our bodies produce the energy needed to fuel our daily tasks from a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (verywellhealth.com)
Acid2
- DGK phosphorylates DGK in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), producing phosphatidic acid (PA). (bl.uk)
- However, researchers found that two gout medications which zone in on uric acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) could be a valuable approach. (hcplive.com)
Vascular1
- Adenosine triphosphate-evoked vascular changes in human skin: mechanism of action. (semanticscholar.org)
Receptors1
- Upon its conversion to adenosine by ecto-ADPases, platelet activation is inhibited via adenosine receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Components2
- What are the components of Adenosine triphosphate ATP? (ibiologia.com)
- Equivalence of Microbial Biomass Measures Based on Membrane Lipid and Cell Wall Components, Adenosine Triphosphate, and Direct Counts in Subsurface Aquifer Sediments (Journal Version). (epa.gov)
Dysfunction1
- Increased expression of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ channels in mitral dysfunction: mechanically stimulated transcription and hypoxia-induced protein stability? (univr.it)
Reactions1
- This molecule acts as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of RNA, DNA and ATP, otherwise known as adenosine triphosphate. (livestrong.com)
Nucleotide1
- However, attractive crowder/nucleotide interactions decrease the rate and efficiency of adenosine production, which in turn increases the availability of ATP and AMP within the synapse relative to crowder-free configurations. (biorxiv.org)