Adenosine diphosphate ribose. Medical search

A polynucleotide formed from the ADP-RIBOSE moiety of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES.

A pentose active in biological systems usually in its D-form.

Esters formed between the aldehydic carbon of sugars and the terminal phosphate of adenosine diphosphate.

A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of multiple ADP-RIBOSE groups from nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) onto protein targets, thus building up a linear or branched homopolymer of repeating ADP-ribose units i.e., POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

A strong oxidizing agent.

An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.

An important compound functioning as a component of the coenzyme NAD. Its primary significance is in the prevention and/or cure of blacktongue and PELLAGRA. Most animals cannot manufacture this compound in amounts sufficient to prevent nutritional deficiency and it therefore must be supplemented through dietary intake.

The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.

A subclass of adenosine A2 receptors found in LEUKOCYTES, the SPLEEN, the THYMUS and a variety of other tissues. It is generally considered to be a receptor for ADENOSINE that couples to the GS, STIMULATORY G-PROTEIN.

A subtype of ADENOSINE RECEPTOR that is found expressed in a variety of tissues including the BRAIN and DORSAL HORN NEURONS. The receptor is generally considered to be coupled to the GI, INHIBITORY G-PROTEIN which causes down regulation of CYCLIC AMP.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADENOSINE to INOSINE with the elimination of AMMONIA.

A subclass of purinergic P2Y receptors that have a preference for ADP binding and are coupled to GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT, GI. The P2Y12 purinergic receptors are found in PLATELETS where they play an important role regulating PLATELET ACTIVATION.

Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.

A subtype of ADENOSINE RECEPTOR that is found expressed in a variety of locations including the BRAIN and endocrine tissues. The receptor is generally considered to be coupled to the GI, INHIBITORY G-PROTEIN which causes down regulation of CYCLIC AMP.

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.

A subclass of adenosine A2 receptors found in the CECUM, the COLON, the BLADDER, and a variety of other tissues. It is generally considered to be a low affinity receptor for ADENOSINE that couples to the GS, STIMULATORY G-PROTEIN.

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P2Y RECEPTORS. Included under this heading are antagonists for specific P2Y receptor subtypes.

Laboratory examination used to monitor and evaluate platelet function in a patient's blood.

Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.

A subclass of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS that are generally considered to be coupled to the GS, STIMULATORY G-PROTEIN which causes up regulation of CYCLIC AMP.

Compounds that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS.

A series of progressive, overlapping events, triggered by exposure of the PLATELETS to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.

Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS.

A class of cell surface receptors that prefer ADENOSINE to other endogenous PURINES. Purinergic P1 receptors are widespread in the body including the cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, and nervous systems. There are at least two pharmacologically distinguishable types (A1 and A2, or Ri and Ra).

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS.

A somewhat heterogeneous class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or related groups (excluding methyl groups). EC 2.5.

A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.

Phosphoric or pyrophosphoric acid esters of polyisoprenoids.

Ribose substituted in the 1-, 3-, or 5-position by a phosphoric acid moiety.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS.

An enzyme that is found in mitochondria and in the soluble cytoplasm of cells. It catalyzes reversible reactions of a nucleoside triphosphate, e.g., ATP, with a nucleoside diphosphate, e.g., UDP, to form ADP and UTP. Many nucleoside diphosphates can act as acceptor, while many ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates can act as donor. EC 2.7.4.6.

An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.

Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.

The process whereby PLATELETS adhere to something other than platelets, e.g., COLLAGEN; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; MICROFIBRILS; or other "foreign" surfaces.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The five-carbon building blocks of TERPENES that derive from MEVALONIC ACID or deoxyxylulose phosphate.

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)

Cell surface proteins that bind PURINES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The best characterized classes of purinergic receptors in mammals are the P1 receptors, which prefer ADENOSINE, and the P2 receptors, which prefer ATP or ADP.

Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.

Compounds that bind to and stimulate PURINERGIC P1 RECEPTORS.

A subclass of purinergic P2Y receptors that have a preference for ATP and ADP. The activated P2Y1 receptor signals through the G-PROTEIN-coupled activation of PHOSPHOLIPASE C and mobilization of intracellular CALCIUM.

Compounds that bind to and block the stimulation of PURINERGIC P2 RECEPTORS.

A class of cell surface receptors for PURINES that prefer ATP or ADP over ADENOSINE. P2 purinergic receptors are widespread in the periphery and in the central and peripheral nervous system.

A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.

Surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Many of these are receptors.

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

Disorder characterized by a decrease or lack of platelet dense bodies in which the releasable pool of adenine nucleotides and 5HT are normally stored.

Retraction of a clot resulting from contraction of PLATELET pseudopods attached to FIBRIN strands. The retraction is dependent on the contractile protein thrombosthenin. Clot retraction is used as a measure of platelet function.

Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

A phospholipid from the platelet membrane that contributes to the blood clotting cascade by forming a phospholipid-protein complex (THROMBOPLASTIN) which serves as a cofactor with FACTOR VIIA to activate FACTOR X in the extrinsic pathway of BLOOD COAGULATION.

An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.

A family of nucleotide diphosphate kinases that play a role in a variety of cellular signaling pathways that effect CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; and APOPTOSIS. They are considered multifunctional proteins that interact with a variety of cellular proteins and have functions that are unrelated to their enzyme activity.

The parent cells that give rise to cells in the MEGAKARYOCYTE lineage, and ultimately BLOOD PLATELETS.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Precursors in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. They are physiologically active compounds, having effect on vascular and airway smooth muscles, platelet aggregation, etc.

A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Duration of blood flow after skin puncture. This test is used as a measure of capillary and platelet function.

An enzyme that, in the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, catalyzes the condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallylpyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and geranylpyrophosphate. The enzyme then catalyzes the condensation of the latter compound with another molecule of isopentenyl pyrophosphate to yield pyrophosphate and farnesylpyrophosphate. EC 2.5.1.1.

Enzymes that catalyze the shifting of a carbon-carbon double bond from one position to another within the same molecule. EC 5.3.3.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A3 RECEPTORS.

Purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).

A glycoprotein enzyme present in various organs and in many cells. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of a 5'-ribonucleotide to a ribonucleoside and orthophosphate in the presence of water. It is cation-dependent and exists in a membrane-bound and soluble form. EC 3.1.3.5.

Activation of Go-proteins by membrane depolarization traced by in situ photoaffinity labeling of galphao-proteins with [alpha32P]GTP-azidoanilide. (1/1280)

Evidence for depolarization-induced activation of G-proteins in membranes of rat brain synaptoneurosomes has been previously reported (Cohen-Armon, M., and Sokolovsky, M. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 2595-2605; Cohen-Armon, M., and Sokolovsky, M. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 9824-9838). In the present work we identify the activated G-proteins as Go-proteins by tracing their depolarization-induced in situ photoaffinity labeling with [alpha32P]GTP-azidoanilide (GTPAA). Labeled GTPAA was introduced into transiently permeabilized rat brain-stem synaptoneurosomes. The resealed synaptoneurosomes, while being UV-irradiated, were depolarized. Relative to synaptoneurosomes at resting potential, the covalent binding of [alpha32P]GTPAA to Galphao1- and Galphao3-proteins, but not to Galphao2- isoforms, was enhanced by 5- to 7-fold in depolarized synaptoneurosomes, thereby implying an accelerated exchange of GDP for [alpha32P]GTPAA. Their depolarization-induced photoaffinity labeling was independent of stimulation of Go-protein-coupled receptors and could be reversed by membrane repolarization, thus excluding induction by transmitters release. It was, however, dependent on depolarization-induced activation of the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC), regardless of Na+ current. The alpha subunit of VGSC was cross-linked and co-immunoprecipitated with Galphao-proteins in depolarized brain-stem and cortical synaptoneurosomes. VGSC alpha subunit most efficiently cross-linked with guanosine 5'-O-2-thiodiphosphate-bound rather than to guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)-bound Galphao-proteins in isolated synaptoneurosomal membranes. These findings support a possible involvement of VGSC in depolarization-induced activation of Go-proteins. (+info)

CD38 signaling in B lymphocytes is controlled by its ectodomain but occurs independently of enzymatically generated ADP-ribose or cyclic ADP-ribose. (2/1280)

CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed by many cell types including lymphocytes. Signaling through CD38 on B lymphocytes can mediate B cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine secretion. Additionally, coligation of CD38 and the B cell Ag receptor can greatly augment B cell Ag receptor responses. Interestingly, the extracellular domain of CD38 catalyzes the conversion of NAD+ into nicotinamide, ADP-ribose (ADPR), and cyclic ADPR (cADPR). cADPR can induce intracellular calcium release in an inositol trisphosphate-independent manner and has been hypothesized to regulate CD38-mediated signaling. We demonstrate that replacement of the cytoplasmic tail and the transmembrane domains of CD38 did not impair CD38 signaling, coreceptor activity, or enzyme activity. In contrast, independent point mutations in the extracellular domain of CD38 dramatically impaired signal transduction. However, no correlation could be found between CD38-mediated signaling and the capacity of CD38 to catalyze an enzyme reaction and produce cADPR, ADPR, and/or nicotinamide. Instead, we propose that CD38 signaling and coreceptor activity in vitro are regulated by conformational changes induced in the extracellular domain upon ligand/substrate binding, rather than on actual turnover or generation of products. (+info)

Lymphocyte migration through brain endothelial cell monolayers involves signaling through endothelial ICAM-1 via a rho-dependent pathway. (3/1280)

Lymphocyte extravasation into the brain is mediated largely by the Ig superfamily molecule ICAM-1. Several lines of evidence indicate that at the tight vascular barriers of the central nervous system (CNS), endothelial cell (EC) ICAM-1 not only acts as a docking molecule for circulating lymphocytes, but is also involved in transducing signals to the EC. In this paper, we examine the signaling pathways in brain EC following Ab ligation of endothelial ICAM-1, which mimics adhesion of lymphocytes to CNS endothelia. ICAM-1 cross-linking results in a reorganization of the endothelial actin cytoskeleton to form stress fibers and activation of the small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein Rho. ICAM-1-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the actin-associated molecule cortactin and ICAM-1-mediated, Ag/IL-2-stimulated T lymphocyte migration through EC monolayers were inhibited following pretreatment of EC with cytochalasin D. Pretreatment of EC with C3 transferase, a specific inhibitor of Rho proteins, significantly inhibited the transmonolayer migration of T lymphocytes, endothelial Rho-GTP loading, and endothelial actin reorganization, without affecting either lymphocyte adhesion to EC or cortactin phosphorylation. These data show that brain vascular EC are actively involved in facilitating T lymphocyte migration through the tight blood-brain barrier of the CNS and that this process involves ICAM-1-stimulated rearrangement of the endothelial actin cytoskeleton and functional EC Rho proteins. (+info)

Evidence of a role for cyclic ADP-ribose in long-term synaptic depression in hippocampus. (4/1280)

Ca2+ released from presynaptic and postsynaptic intracellular stores plays important roles in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, including long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength. At Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus, presynaptic ryanodine receptor-gated stores appear to mobilize some of the Ca2+ necessary to induce LTD. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) has recently been proposed as an endogenous activator of ryanodine receptors in sea urchin eggs and several mammalian cell types. Here, we provide evidence that cADPR-mediated signaling pathways play a key role in inducing LTD. We show that biochemical production of cGMP increases cADPR concentration in hippocampal slices in vitro, and that blockade of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, cADPR receptors, or ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores each prevent the induction of LTD at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. A lack of effect of postsynaptic infusion of either cADPR antagonist indicates a probable presynaptic site of action. (+info)

Poly-ADP ribose polymerase activates nuclear proteasome to degrade oxidatively damaged histones. (5/1280)

The 20S proteasome has been shown to be largely responsible for the degradation of oxidatively modified proteins in the cytoplasm. Nuclear proteins are also subject to oxidation, and the nucleus of mammalian cells contains proteasome. In human beings, tumor cells frequently are subjected to oxidation as a consequence of antitumor chemotherapy, and K562 human myelogenous leukemia cells have a higher nuclear proteasome activity than do nonmalignant cells. Adaptation to oxidative stress appears to be one element in the development of long-term resistance to many chemotherapeutic drugs and the mechanisms of inducible tumor resistance to oxidation are of obvious importance. After hydrogen peroxide treatment of K562 cells, degradation of the model proteasome peptide substrate suc-LLVY-MCA and degradation of oxidized histones in nuclei increases significantly within minutes. Both increased proteolytic susceptibility of the histone substrates (caused by modification by oxidation) and activation of the proteasome enzyme complex occur independently during oxidative stress. This rapid up-regulation of 20S proteasome activity is accompanied by, and depends on, poly-ADP ribosylation of the proteasome, as shown by inhibitor experiments, 14C-ADP ribose incorporation assays, immunoblotting, in vitro reconstitution experiments, and immunoprecipitation of (activated) proteasome with anti-poly-ADP ribose polymerase antibodies. The poly-ADP ribosylation-mediated activated nuclear 20S proteasome is able to remove oxidatively damaged histones more efficiently and therefore is proposed as an oxidant-stimulatable defense or repair system of the nucleus in K562 leukemia cells. (+info)

Rho and Rho kinase mediate thrombin-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis and migration. (6/1280)

Aberrant regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration is associated with the pathophysiology of vascular disorders such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, and graft rejection. To elucidate molecular mechanisms that regulate proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, we determined whether signaling through the small G protein Rho is involved in thrombin- and phenylephrine-stimulated proliferation and migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Thrombin and the thrombin peptide SFLLRNP stimulated DNA synthesis of RASMCs as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Both ligands also increased cell migration as measured by the Boyden chamber method. L-Phenylephrine failed to induce either of these responses but increased inositol phosphate accumulation and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in these cells, which indicated that the cells were responsive to alpha1-adrenergic stimulation. The C3 exoenzyme, which ADP-ribosylates and inactivates Rho, fully inhibited both thrombin-stimulated proliferation and migration but had no effect on inositol phosphate accumulation. In addition, Y-27632, an inhibitor of the Rho effector p160ROCK/Rho kinase, decreased thrombin-stimulated DNA synthesis and migration. To directly examine Rho activation, Rho-[35S]GTPgammaS binding was measured. The addition of the thrombin peptide SFLLRNP, but not phenylephrine, to RASMC lysates resulted in a significant increase in Rho-[35S]GTPgammaS binding. Thrombin and SFLLRNP, but not phenylephrine, also increased membrane-associated Rho in intact RASMCs, consistent with selective activation of Rho by thrombin. These results indicate that thrombin activates Rho in RASMCs and establish Rho as a critical mediator of thrombin receptor effects on DNA synthesis and cell migration in these cells. (+info)

Identification of critical, conserved vicinal aspartate residues in mammalian and bacterial ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases. (7/1280)

NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases and ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases catalyze opposing arms of a putative ADP-ribosylation cycle. ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases from mammalian tissues and Rhodospirillum rubrum exhibit three regions of similarity in deduced amino acid sequence. We postulated that amino acids in these consensus regions could be critical for hydrolase function. To test this hypothesis, hydrolase, cloned from rat brain, was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli and purified by glutathione-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Conserved amino acids in each of these regions were altered by site-directed mutagenesis. Replacement of Asp-60 or Asp-61 with Ala, Gln, or Asn, but not Glu, significantly reduced enzyme activity. The double Asp-60 --> Glu/Asp-61 --> Glu mutant was inactive, as were Asp-60 --> Gln/Asp-61 --> Gln or Asp-60 --> Asn/Asp-61 --> Asn. The catalytically inactive single and double mutants appeared to retain conformation, since they bound ADP-ribose, a substrate analogue and an inhibitor of enzyme activity, with affinity similar to that of the wild-type hydrolase and with the expected stoichiometry of one. Replacing His-65, Arg-139, Asp-285, which are also located in the conserved regions, with alanine did not change specific activity. These data clearly show that the conserved vicinal aspartates 60 and 61 in rat ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase are critical for catalytic activity, but not for high affinity binding of the substrate analogue, ADP-ribose. (+info)

An antagonist of cADP-ribose inhibits arrhythmogenic oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ in heart cells. (8/1280)

Oscillations of Ca2+ in heart cells are a major underlying cause of important cardiac arrhythmias, and it is known that Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores (the sarcoplasmic reticulum) is fundamental to the generation of such oscillations. There is now evidence that cADP-ribose may be an endogenous regulator of the Ca2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (the ryanodine receptor), raising the possibility that cADP-ribose may influence arrhythmogenic mechanisms in the heart. 8-Amino-cADP-ribose, an antagonist of cADP-ribose, suppressed oscillatory activity associated with overloading of intracellular Ca2+ stores in cardiac myocytes exposed to high doses of the beta-adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol or the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain. The oscillations suppressed by 8-amino-cADP-ribose included intracellular Ca2+ waves, spontaneous action potentials, after-depolarizations, and transient inward currents. Another antagonist of cADP-ribose, 8-bromo-cADP-ribose, was also effective in suppressing isoproterenol-induced oscillatory activity. Furthermore, in the presence of ouabain under conditions in which there was no arrhythmogenesis, exogenous cADP-ribose was found to be capable of triggering spontaneous contractile and electrical activity. Because enzymatic machinery for regulating the cytosolic cADP-ribose concentration is present within the cell, we propose that 8-amino-cADP-ribose and 8-bromo-cADP-ribose suppress cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations by antagonism of endogenous cADP-ribose, which sensitizes the Ca2+ release channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to Ca2+. (+info)

... adenosine diphosphate ribose) with histones". Biochemistry. 31 (5): 1379-1385. doi:10.1021/bi00120a014. PMID 1736995. Fatokun, ... Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is a mediator of necrotic cell death by ATP depletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96: 13978-13982 ... PARP-1 accomplishes many of its roles through regulating poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). PAR is a polymer that varies in length and can ... PAR, which is responsible for the activation of AIF, is regulated in the cell by the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthanatos

"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolases and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose synthesis in rat liver". Biochemical ... ADP-ribose + nicotinamide Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NAD+ and H2O, whereas its two products are ADP-ribose and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD _nucleosidase

PARP1 synthesizes polymeric adenosine diphosphate ribose (poly (ADP-ribose) or PAR) chains on itself. Next the chromatin ... In further steps, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is required and may be an early step in MMEJ. There is pairing of ... The PARP1 protein, attached to both DDB1 and DDB2, then PARylates (creates a poly-ADP ribose chain) on DDB2 that attracts the ... December 2016). "The poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent chromatin remodeler Alc1 induces local chromatin relaxation upon DNA damage". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair

Complex I is also blocked by adenosine diphosphate ribose - a reversible competitive inhibitor of NADH oxidation - by binding ... by ADP-ribose". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics. 1320 (3): 256-64. doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(97)00029-7. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_complex_I

"Chemical and metabolic properties of adenosine diphosphate ribose derivatives of nuclear proteins". Biochem J. 1975;147:523-529 ... ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, an enzyme that hydrolyses poly(ADP-ribose) to produce free ADP-ribose. Studies have shown poly-ADP- ... Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are found mostly in eukaryotes and catalyze the transfer of multiple ADP-ribose molecules ... Originally, this group was thought to be a linear sequence of ADP-ribose units covalently bonded through a ribose glycosidic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADP-ribosylation

... adenosine diphosphate ribose) and the other with nicotinamide at this position. The nicotinamide moiety can be attached in two ... Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is carried out by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. The poly(ADP-ribose) structure is involved in the ... It acts as a coenzyme in redox reactions, as a donor of ADP-ribose moieties in ADP-ribosylation reactions, as a precursor of ... Another function of this coenzyme in cell signaling is as a precursor of cyclic ADP-ribose, which is produced from NAD+ by ADP- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide

... that the hardening of arteries caused by the build-up of calcium may be triggered by polymeric adenosine diphosphate ribose ( ... 1 June 2019). "Poly(ADP-Ribose) Links the DNA Damage Response and Biomineralization". Cell Reports. 27 (11): 3124-3138.e13. doi ... 1 May 2014). "NMR spectroscopy of native and in vitro tissues implicates polyADP ribose in biomineralization". Science. 344 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melinda_Duer

... diphosphate ribose (cADPR), nicotinic acid adenine diphosphate ribose 2'-phosphate (NAADP) and adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_V._L._Potter

... of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR ... or cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+, although CD157 is a much weaker catalyst than CD38. cADPR is required for regulation of ... Human ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2) at the PDBe-KB. Ortolan E, Vacca P, Capobianco A, et al. (2003). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BST1

... that catalyze the formation of nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) or cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+. ... Lee HC, Zhao YJ (2019). "Resolving the topological enigma in Ca 2+ signaling by cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SARM1

Histidine biosynthesis is carefully regulated by feedback inhibition/ R5P can be converted to adenosine diphosphate ribose, ... The enzyme ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase converts ribose-5-phosphate into phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate. R5P consists of a ... Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) is both a product and an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The last step of the oxidative ... Ribose 5-phosphate isomerase deficiency, the rarest disease in the world, is also linked to an imbalance of R5P. Although the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose_5-phosphate

... (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. ADPR is ... Adenosine diphosphate ADP-ribosylation Ribose Braidy N, Berg J, Clement J, Sachdev P (2019). "Role of Nicotinamide Adenine ... September 2004). "TRPM2 channel opening in response to oxidative stress is dependent on activation of poly(ADP-ribose) ... Lee HC (2011). "Cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP: fraternal twin messengers for calcium signaling". Science China Life Sciences. 54 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_ribose

ATP is created during cellular respiration from adenosine diphosphate (ATP with one less phosphate group). Ribose is a building ... Ribokinase catalyzes the conversion of d-ribose to d-ribose 5-phosphate. Once converted, d-ribose-5-phosphate is available for ... Supplemental d-ribose can bypass part of the pentose phosphate pathway, an energy-producing pathway, to produce d-ribose-5- ... Ribose has been detected in meteorites. Ribose is an aldopentose (a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms) that, in its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose

Stern AI, Avron M (1966). "An adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose:orthophosphate adenylyltransferase from Euglena gracilis". ... D-ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase. Other names in common use include ADP ribose phosphorylase, and adenosine ... ADP-ribose Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ADP and D-ribose 5-phosphate, whereas its two products are phosphate and ... In enzymology, a ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.35) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ADP + D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose-5-phosphate_adenylyltransferase

... and begins the synthesis of a polymeric adenosine diphosphate ribose (poly (ADP-ribose) or PAR) chain, which acts as a signal ... ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). NAD+ is required as substrate for generating ADP-ribose monomers. It has been thought that ... Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of proteins involved in a number of cellular processes such as DNA repair, ... Bürkle A, Brabeck C, Diefenbach J, Beneke S (May 2005). "The emerging role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in longevity". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly_(ADP-ribose)_polymerase

ADP-ribose). Miwa M, Sugimura T (October 1971). "Splitting of the ribose-ribose linkage of poly(adenosine diphosphate-robose) ... linkage of ribose-ribose bond to produce free ADP-ribose Specific to (1-2') linkage of ribose-ribose bond of poly( ... Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.143) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction hydrolyses ... Poly(ADP-ribose)+glycohydrolase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Biology portal. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poly(ADP-ribose)_glycohydrolase

The sugar ribose unit was also replaced with a cyclopentyl group to avoid possible instability of the glycosidic bond. The ... Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitors are a drug class of antiplatelet agents, used in the treatment of acute ... P2Y12 receptor is a G-coupled receptor and is activated by adenosine diphosphate. ADP binds to the P2Y12 receptor that leads to ... OCLC 870265462.[page needed] Angiolillo, Dominick J.; Luis Ferreiro, José (January 2010). "Platelet Adenosine Diphosphate P2Y12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_receptor_inhibitor

... a sugar backbone attached to adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose. The diphosphate group of ... Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is ... ADP in the blood is converted to adenosine by the action of ecto-ADPases, inhibiting further platelet activation via adenosine ... ADP can be interconverted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ATP contains one more phosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate

... adenosine diphosphate glucose MeSH D09.408.620.569.070.125 - adenosine diphosphate ribose MeSH D09.408.620.569.070.125.040 - o- ... cyclic adp-ribose MeSH D09.408.620.569.070.125.600 - poly adenosine diphosphate ribose MeSH D09.408.620.569.200 - cytidine ... nucleoside diphosphate sugars MeSH D09.408.620.569.070 - adenosine diphosphate sugars MeSH D09.408.620.569.070.075 - ... uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid MeSH D09.408.620.569.727.800 - uridine diphosphate xylose MeSH D09.408.782.250 - escin MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D09)

This is distinct from adenosine diphosphate, where the two phosphate groups are attached in a chain to the 5' carbon atom in ... bisphosphate is a form of an adenosine nucleotide with two phosphate groups attached to different carbons in the ribose ring. ... Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is produced as a product of sulfotransferase enzymes from the donation of a sulfate group from the ... This product is then hydrolysed by 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase to give adenosine monophosphate, which can then be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_3',5'-bisphosphate

ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NUDT9 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89 ... "Entrez Gene: NUDT9 nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 9". Lin S, Gasmi L, Xie Y, et al. (2002). "Cloning ... expression and characterisation of a human Nudix hydrolase specific for adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose (ADP-ribose)". Biochim. ... 2004). "Interaction of C17orf25 with ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase NUDT9 detected via yeast two-hybrid method". Sheng Wu Hua Xue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUDT9

As a substituent it takes the form of the prefix cytidylyl-. CMP can be phosphorylated to cytidine diphosphate by the enzyme ... CMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase cytosine; hence, a ribonucleoside ... CMP kinase, with adenosine triphosphate or guanosine triphosphate donating the phosphate group. Since cytidine triphosphate is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytidine_monophosphate

In E. coli AThTP is synthesized from thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) according to the following reaction catalyzed by thiamine ... ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1) activity". J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 57 (2): 192-6. doi:10.3177/jnsv.57.192. PMID 21697640 ... Adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP), or thiaminylated adenosine triphosphate, is a natural thiamine adenine nucleotide. It ... diphosphate adenylyl transferase: ThDP + ATP (ADP) ↔ AThTP + PPi (Pi) The molecule is made up of thiamine and adenosine joined ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_thiamine_triphosphate

Nucleotide exchange factors are proteins that catalyze the release of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to facilitate binding of ... disrupting the binding of three side chains to the adenine and ribose rings of the nucleotide. This conformational change ... adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP has three phosphate groups and the removal of one of the phosphate groups releases energy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrpE

Important molecules: ADP - Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (Adenosine pyrophosphate (APP)) is an important organic compound in ... a sugar backbone attached to a molecule of adenine and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose. ATP - A ... Often called "cellular power plants", mitochondria generate most of cells' supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body's ... and mediating biochemical reactions that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is a major energy intermediate in living ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_cell_biology

... adenosine diphosphate glucose MeSH D13.695.827.708.070.125 - adenosine diphosphate ribose MeSH D13.695.827.708.070.125.040 - o- ... adenosine diphosphate glucose MeSH D13.695.667.138.124.070.125 - adenosine diphosphate ribose MeSH D13.695.667.138.124.070. ... adenosine diphosphate glucose MeSH D13.695.827.068.124.070.125 - adenosine diphosphate ribose MeSH D13.695.827.068.124.070. ... cyclic adp-ribose MeSH D13.695.827.708.070.125.600 - poly adenosine diphosphate ribose MeSH D13.695.827.708.260 - cytidine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D13)

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) Adenosine-tetraphosphatase Adenosine methylene triphosphate ATPases ... ATP consists of an adenine attached by the 9-nitrogen atom to the 1′ carbon atom of a sugar (ribose), which in turn is attached ... When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). ... Gajewski, E.; Steckler, D.; Goldberg, R. (1986). "Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5′-triphosphate to adenosine 5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

ATP and diphosphate, whereas its two products are ATP and 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate. This enzyme belongs to the ... Other names in common use include phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphorylase, adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, ... diphosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ATP + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate Thus, the two substrates of this ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-ATP:diphosphate phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-transferase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_phosphoribosyltransferase

Cellular processes, especially muscles, then convert the ATP into adenosine diphosphate (ADP), freeing the energy to do work.[ ... nucleotidase removes the ribose and phosphorus from AMP, increasing levels of adenosine measured in muscle cells by ~16-25×, ... Adenosine mediates pain through adenosine receptors. MADD causes an increase of free adenosine during heavy activity which may ... In the brain, excess adenosine decreases alertness and causes sleepiness. In this way, adenosine may play a role in fatigue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_monophosphate_deaminase_deficiency_type_1

Adenosine thiamine diphosphate (AThDP) or thiaminylated adenosine diphosphate exists in small amounts in vertebrate liver, but ... a major route for the biosynthesis of the pentose sugars deoxyribose and ribose. The mitochondrial PDH and OGDH are part of ... and adenosine thiamine diphosphate (AThDP). While the coenzyme role of thiamine diphosphate is well-known and extensively ... Adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP) or thiaminylated adenosine triphosphate has recently been discovered in Escherichia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine

... contains a thymine base joined to a ribose pentose sugar. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-Methyluridine

Adenosine thiamine diphosphateEdit. Adenosine thiamine diphosphate (AThDP) or thiaminylated adenosine diphosphate exists in ... a major route for the biosynthesis of the pentose sugars deoxyribose and ribose. The mitochondrial PDH and OGDH are part of ... Adenosine thiamine triphosphateEdit. Adenosine thiamine triphosphate (AThTP) or thiaminylated adenosine triphosphate has ... and adenosine thiamine diphosphate (AThDP). While the coenzyme role of thiamine diphosphate is well-known and extensively ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamin

Défhosfáit adanóisín Adenosine diphosphate (ADP). *Aonfhosfáit adanóisín Adenosine monophosphate (AMP). *Trífhosfáit adanóisín ... Ribofuranose, Ribose. *Ricin. *Aigéad ribeanúicléasach RNA - Ribonucleic acid. *RuBisCO. S[cuir in eagar , athraigh foinse]. * ...

https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosta_Bithmhóiliní

... is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. ... guanosine diphosphate (GDP), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP). These forms play important roles in various biochemical ... adenosine). *Agonists: 2-(1-Hexynyl)-N-methyladenosine. *2-Cl-IB-MECA. *2'-MeCCPA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanosine

"Thermodynamics of the hydrolysis of adenosine 5′-triphosphate to adenosine 5′-diphosphate" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 261 (27): ... In terms of its structure, ATP consists of an adenine attached by the 9-nitrogen atom to the 1′ carbon atom of a sugar (ribose ... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes. Found in all forms of life, ATP ... Adenosine 5′-(γ-thiotriphosphate) is an extremely common ATP analog in which one of the gamma-phosphate oxygens is replaced by ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

... and it is produced by ATP synthase from inorganic phosphate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP, the di meaning two phosphate groups ... These enzymes reduce the sugar residue from ribose to deoxyribose by removing oxygen.[1] ... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency": ... Walker for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the other ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP

Complex I is also blocked by adenosine diphosphate ribose - a reversible competitive inhibitor of NADH oxidation - by binding ... by ADP-ribose". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1320 (3): 256-64. doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(97)00029-7. PMID 9230920.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NADH_dehydrogenase_

Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase. *Amidophosphoribosyltransferase. *Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase. *AIR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase

... diphosphate (UDP); 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate (dGTP) induces reduction of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP); and 2'- ... Catalysis of ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphates (NDPs) involves a reduction at the 2'-carbon of ribose 5-phosphate to form the 2'- ... In all classes, binding of ATP or dATP to the allosteric site induces reduction of cytidine 5'-diphosphate (CDP) and uridine 5 ... dTDP (deoxythymidine diphosphate) is synthesized by another enzyme (thymidylate kinase) from dTMP (deoxythymidine monophosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide_reductase

Each liberates an oxygen atom when it binds to an ADP (adenosine diphosphate) molecule, contributing 2 O overall ... NADPH is also formed by the pentose phosphate pathway which converts glucose into ribose, which can be used in synthesis of ... The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH ( ... Thus, these cells rely on anaerobic metabolic processes such as glycolysis for ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Some tumor cells ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

DNA, however, requires deoxyribose, which is missing the 2'-hydroxyl (-OH group) on the ribose. The reaction to remove this -OH ... The nucleoside, adenosine, is then deaminated and hydrolyzed to form hypoxanthine via adenosine deaminase and nucleosidase ... The conversion of a nucleoside-diphosphate (NDP) to a nucleoside-triphosphate (NTP) is catalyzed by nucleoside diphosphate ... For example, the uracil base can be combined with ribose-1-phosphate to create uridine monophosphate or UMP. A similar reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_metabolism

... and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This CK enzyme reaction is reversible and thus ATP can be generated from PCr and ADP. ... CK catalyses the conversion of creatine and utilizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine (PCr) ... Thiamine-diphosphate. 2.7.6: diphosphotransferase. (P2O7). *Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatine_kinase

Ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase EC 5.5.1.14. Syn-copalyl-diphosphate synthase EC 5.5.1.15. Terpentedienyl-diphosphate synthase ... D-ribose pyranase EC 5.5.1.22 Steroid Delta Isomerase Category:EC 5.99 (other isomerases)Edit. *Category:EC 5.99.1 * ... Adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4). *GTP cyclohydrolase I (EC 3.5.4.16). *Category:EC 3.5.5 (In nitriles) *Nitrilase (EC 3.5.5.1) ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enzymes

This, like most of the remainder of transcription, is an energy-dependent process, consuming adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or ... Thiamine-diphosphate. 2.7.6: diphosphotransferase. (P2O7). *Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_polymerase_II_holoenzyme

Langan TA (1969). "Action of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent histone kinase in vivo". J. Biol. Chem. 244 (20): 5763-, 5 ... Thiamine-diphosphate. 2.7.6: diphosphotransferase. (P2O7). *Ribose-phosphate diphosphokinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_serine/threonine_protein_kinase

CMP into cytidine diphosphate or deoxycytidine diphosphate, which nucleoside diphosphate kinase can phosphorylate into cytidine ... Uridine phosphorylase or pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase adds ribose 1-phosphate to the free base uracil, forming uridine. ... can phosphorylate UMP into uridine diphosphate, which nucleoside diphosphate kinase can phosphorylate into uridine triphosphate ... Thymidylate kinase can phosphorylate TMP into thymidine diphosphate, which nucleoside diphosphate kinase can phosphorylate into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_salvage

... causing the active site of the synthase domain to change shape and phosphorylate adenosine diphosphate - turning it into ATP. ... Each nucleotide is composed of a phosphate attached to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar group which is attached to a nitrogenous ... Individual nucleosides are made by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose sugar. These bases are heterocyclic rings containing ... One central coenzyme is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the universal energy currency of cells. This nucleotide is used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

... adenosine - adenosine diphosphate (ADP) - adenosine monophosphate (AMP) - adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - adenovirus - ... ribose - ribosomal protein - ribosomal protein S6 kinase - ribosome - RNA - RNA virus - RNA-binding protein - RNA-directed DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

DNA is defined by containing 2'-deoxy-ribose nucleic acid while RNA is defined by containing ribose nucleic acid. In some ... Ribonucleoside diphosphate (NDP) is reduced by thioredoxin to a deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate (dNTP). The general reaction is ... Other variations include adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). ... The pathway begins with the conversion of Ribose-5-Phosphate(R5P) to phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) by enzyme ribose- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

The conversion of NTPs to dNTPs can only be done in the diphosphate form. Typically a NTP has one phosphate removed to become a ... "ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate , Boundless Biology". courses.lumenlearning.com-US. Retrieved 2017-11-12. Carvalho AT, Szeler K, ... The term nucleoside refers to a nitrogenous base linked to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose). Nucleotides are ... Once AMP or GMP are formed, they can be phosphorylated by ATP to their diphosphate and triphosphate forms. Purine synthesis is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate

5-Phospho-α-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) → Orotidine 5'-phosphate + Pyrophosphate Orotidine 5'-monophosphate is decarboxylated ... Fumarate is then cleaved off forming adenosine monophosphate. This step is catalyzed by adenylosuccinate lyase. Inosine ... The covalent linkage between the ribose and pyrimidine occurs at position C1 of the ribose unit, which contains a pyrophosphate ... First, the diphosphate from UDP is produced, which in turn is phosphorylated to UTP. Both steps are fueled by ATP hydrolysis: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide

... is an analog of adenosine with the D-ribose replaced with D-arabinose. As you can see from figure 1.1 that it is a ... This prevents the reduction of nucleotide diphosphates, causing a reduction of viral replication. Vidarabine is more toxic and ... The use of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase to increase the half-life of vidarabine has also been tried, and drugs such as ... This is where ara-ATP is incorporated into the DNA strand replacing many of the adenosine bases. This results in the prevention ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidarabine

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Cyclase. A Membrane-bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of Cyclic ADP-Ribose ( ... cADPR) from Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme generally catalyzes the Hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-Ribose, as ... well, and sometimes the synthesis of Cyclic ADP-Ribose 2 phosphate (2-P-cADPR) from NADP. ...

http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/definitions-a/adenosine-diphosphate-ribose-cyclase.html

... adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have offered patients carrying cancers with mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 ... Strategies for the Use of Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. Cecilia E. Ström. ... Treatments with Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have offered patients carrying cancers with ... Ström, C.E.; Helleday, T. Strategies for the Use of Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors in Cancer ...

http://mdpi.com/2218-273X/2/4/635

... diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an intracellular signalling molecule generated from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). ... Adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an intracellular signalling molecule generated from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ... Synthesis of phosphonoacetate analogues of the second messenger adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose (ADPR)† ... Synthesis of phosphonoacetate analogues of the second messenger adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) O. Baszczyňski, J. M. ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2020/RA/C9RA09284F

Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in differentiating cardiac muscle ... Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in differentiating cardiac muscle ... Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in differentiating cardiac muscle ... Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase activity and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in differentiating cardiac muscle ...

http://www.biochemj.org/content/154/2/387

Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. ADPR is ... Adenosine diphosphate ADP-ribosylation Ribose Braidy N, Berg J, Clement J, Sachdev P (2019). "Role of Nicotinamide Adenine ... September 2004). "TRPM2 channel opening in response to oxidative stress is dependent on activation of poly(ADP-ribose) ... Lee HC (2011). "Cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP: fraternal twin messengers for calcium signaling". Science China Life Sciences. 54 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_ribose

Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been found to be remarkably toxic to cells ... Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been found to be remarkably toxic to cells ... Novel poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, AZD2461, down-regulates VEGF and induces apoptosis in ...

http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_id=2652&&

Cyclic Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Analogues. / Galione, Antony (Inventor); Potter, Barry (Inventor).. IPC No.: C07H19/20. ... title = "Cyclic Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Analogues",. abstract = "A compound having formula (1) where at least one of X,3, ... Galione, A & Potter, B 1998, Cyclic Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Analogues, Patent No. WO9843992 (A1), IPC No. C07H19/20. ... The compound 7-deaza-8-bromo-cyclic adenosine 5-diphosphate ribose has been shown to be a stable hydrolysis-resistant cADPR ...

https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/cyclic-adenosine-diphosphate-ribose-analogues

D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP =, 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + adenosine 5-monophosphate Stable Identifier ... D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP => 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + adenosine 5-monophosphate (Homo sapiens) ... D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP => 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + adenosine 5-monophosphate (Bos taurus) ... D-ribose 5-phosphate + ATP => 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) + adenosine 5-monophosphate (Canis familiaris) ...

https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-73580

Note: *The Download PDF brochure only consist of Table of Content (ToC), Research Framework of the actual report, and Research Methodology adopted for it ...

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-pdf/2029

Synthesis of Terminal Ribose Analogues of Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate Ribose as Probes for the Transient Receptor Potential Cation ... Synthesis of Terminal Ribose Analogues of Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate Ribose as Probes for the Transient Receptor Potential Cation ... Potter B, Watt JM, Baszczynski O. Synthesis of Terminal Ribose Analogues of Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate Ribose as Probes for the ... Synthesis of Terminal Ribose Analogues of Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate Ribose as Probes for the Transient Receptor Potential Cation ...

https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/synthesis-of-terminal-ribose-analogues-of-adenosine-5-diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate ribose is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Adenosine diphosphate ribose exists in all ... NAD + water → hydron + Niacinamide + Adenosine diphosphate ribose NAD + water ↔ hydron + Niacinamide + Adenosine diphosphate ... Adenosine diphosphate ribose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleotide sugars. These are purine ... ADP-ribose + H(2)O = AMP + D-ribose 5- phosphate. Gene Name:. YSA1. Uniprot ID:. Q01976 Molecular weight:. 26086.80078. ...

http://www.ymdb.ca/compounds/YMDB00360

BRCA1 CpG island hypermethylation predicts sensitivity to poly(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase inhibitors. Journal of ... BRCA1 CpG island hypermethylation predicts sensitivity to poly(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase inhibitors. In: Journal ... BRCA1 CpG island hypermethylation predicts sensitivity to poly(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase inhibitors. / Veeck, ... title = "BRCA1 CpG island hypermethylation predicts sensitivity to poly(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase inhibitors", ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/brca1-cpg-island-hypermethylation-predicts-sensitivity-to-polyade-3

Adenosine diphosphate ribose Resource Information The topic Adenosine diphosphate ribose represents a specific aggregation or ... Data Citation of the Topic Adenosine diphosphate ribose. Copy and paste the following RDF/HTML data fragment to cite this ... Adenosine diphosphate ribose,/a,,/span, - ,span property=potentialAction typeOf=OrganizeAction,,span property=agent ... Adenosine diphosphate ribose,/a,,/span, - ,span property=potentialAction typeOf=OrganizeAction,,span property=agent ...

http://link.collegeofphysicians.org/resource/Obw2-476Ciw/

You are here: Home » Latest News » Archives for Adenosine diphosphate ribose. Tag Archives: Adenosine diphosphate ribose. ... Posted in News , Tagged Adenosine diphosphate ribose, Cassandra Balinas, Dr Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Hélène Cabanas, impaired ...

https://wames.org.uk/cms-english/tag/adenosine-diphosphate-ribose/

Neuroprotective effect of peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor ...

https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.3171%252Fjns.2004.101.4.0669/reader

... provides the in-depth analysis of the pipeline assets across the Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) ... Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors- Pipeline Insights, 2015, ... Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors Overview. • Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose ... Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors Assessment by Molecule Type • Poly Adenosine Diphosphate ( ...

http://www.gosreports.com/poly-adenosine-diphosphate-adp-ribose-polymerase-parp-inhibitors-pipeline-insights-2015/

... adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1; HPF1: Histone PARylation factor 1; PARG: poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase; RNF146: ... Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as therapeutic target: lessons learned from its inhibitors.. Cseh AM1,2, Fábián Z ... Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as therapeutic target: lessons learned from its inhibitors ... Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as therapeutic target: lessons learned from its inhibitors ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=phg&id=12512

Cyclic adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose-mediated cellular signalling: New insights using synthetic ligands ... Cyclic adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose-mediated cellular signalling: New insights using synthetic ligands ...

https://www.pharm.ox.ac.uk/publications/678565

Synthesis of phosphonoacetate analogues of the second messenger adenosine 5ʹ-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) ... Synthesis of phosphonoacetate analogues of the second messenger adenosine 5ʹ-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) ... Synthesis of phosphonoacetate analogues of the second messenger adenosine 5ʹ-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) ...

https://www.pharm.ox.ac.uk/publications/1077985

Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose is an endogenous Ca2+ mobilizer involved in. * Post author By gasyblog ... Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose is an endogenous Ca2+ mobilizer involved in diverse cellular processes. have been ... synthesized by us, such as those using an ether linkage to substitute for the ribose of cIDPR (16C23). These mimics not only ...

http://www.gasyblog.com/2018/03/07/cyclic-adenosine-diphosphate-ribose-is-an-endogenous-ca2-mobilizer-involved-in/

Recently, a metabolite of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+), termed cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose (cADPr), has ... Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose, Calcium, Cell Line, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cyclic ADP-Ribose, Humans, Signal ... Characterization of cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose-induced Ca2+ release in T lymphocyte cell lines. ... Characterization of cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose-induced Ca2+ release in T lymphocyte cell lines. ...

https://pharm.ox.ac.uk/publications/678622

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) mobilize Ca2+ from two different types of ... Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / biosynthesis * Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / chemistry * Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / ... A unified mechanism of enzymatic synthesis of two calcium messengers: cyclic ADP-ribose and NAADP Biol Chem. Jul-Aug 1999;380(7 ... Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) mobilize Ca2+ from two different types of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10494827/?dopt=Abstract

... diphosphate ribose (cADPR) analogs based on the cyclic inosine 5-diphosphate ribose (cIDPR) template were synthesized by ... Replacing the base N9-ribose with a butyl chain generates inhibitors of cADPR hydrolysis by the human ADP-ribosyl cyclase CD38 ... Taken together, these analogs confirm that the northern ribose is critical for CD38 activity and inhibition, provide new ... catalytic domain (shCD38), illustrating the nonessential nature of the southern ribose for binding. Butyl substitution ...

https://pharm.ox.ac.uk/publications/677784

Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase by the active form of vitamin D. / Mabley, Jon G.; Wallace, Rebecca ... Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase by the active form of vitamin D. In: International journal of ... Mabley JG, Wallace R, Pacher P, Murphy K, Szabó C. Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase by the active ... Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase by the active form of ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/inhibition-of-polyadenosine-diphosphate-ribose-polymerase-by-the-

Note. FUS = fused in sarcoma; KD = knockdown; PARP = adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose polymerase; HR = homologous ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25289647

ADP-ribose polymerase:. Adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase. AP-1:. Activator protein 1. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2012/247597/

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Peroxynitrite production and activation of poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) ... Peroxynitrite production and activation of poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose) synthetase in spinal cord injury. ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/peroxynitrite-production-and-activation-of-poly-adenosine-diphosp/fingerprints/

The enzyme poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) involved in the process of repair of DNA in damaged cells. ... Malkoc E et al, 2014: Efficacy of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition in extracorporeal shock wave-induced ... adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition in extracorporeal shock wave-induced renal injury. ... However, its activation in damaged cells can lead to adenosine triphosphate depletion and death. Thus, we designed a study to ...

http://stosswelle.ch/us/disciplines-and-products/urology/literature-database-blog/database/entry/malkoc-e-et-al-2014-efficacy-of-poly-adenosine-diphosphate-ribose-polymerase-inhibition-in-extracorporeal-shock-wave-induced-renal-injury.html

this molecule can interfere with next messenger pathways by performing as an adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose acceptor ... this molecule can interfere with 2nd messenger pathways by performing as an adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose acceptor thereby ...

http://urat1inhibitor.com/2016/03/23/this-molecule-can-interfere-with-next-messenger-pathways-by-performing-as-an-adenosine-diphosphate-adp-ribose-acceptor-therefore-inhibiting-adp-ribosylation-of-proteins-9/

... deoxy-cADPR 10 and its ribose counterpart 8-phenyl-cADPR 5 are reported, including improved syntheses of established ... The structural features needed for antagonism at the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) receptor are unclear. Chemoenzymatic syntheses ... 2-deoxy cyclic adenosine 5-diphosphate ribose derivatives: importance of the 2-hydroxyl motif for the antagonistic activity ... 2-deoxy cyclic adenosine 5-diphosphate ribose derivatives: importance of the 2-hydroxyl motif for the antagonistic activity ...

https://www.cardioscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/106264

Treatments with Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have offered patients carrying cancers with mutated BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes a new and in many cases effective option for disease control. (mdpi.com)
Poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been found to be remarkably toxic to cells with defects in homologous recombination, particularly cells with BRCA-mutated backgrounds. (ac.ir)
DelveInsight's, Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors- Pipeline Insights, 2015, provides the in-depth analysis of the pipeline assets across the Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors. (gosreports.com)
The Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors Report helps to identify emerging players with potentially strong product information and create effective counter-strategies to gain competitive advantage. (gosreports.com)
DelveInsight's, Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors- Pipeline Insights, 2015 Report covers the Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors pipeline molecules at various stages of development like Pre-registration phase, clinical phases (Phase III, Phase II & Phase I), pre-clinical and discovery phases. (gosreports.com)
The Report also provides Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors related therapeutic assessments by molecule type, route of administration, monotherapy and combination products. (gosreports.com)
The Report also highlights the discontinued and inactive projects in pipeline for Poly Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) Ribose Polymerase (PARP) Inhibitors. (gosreports.com)
MACRO: The Macro domain is a 180 amino acids long region that mediate ADP-ribose binding associated with catalytic domains of PARP or sirtuins. (cdc.gov)
In these diseases poly[adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have also proved effective as anti-inflammatory agents. (utmb.edu)
The enzyme poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) involved in the process of repair of DNA in damaged cells. (stosswelle.ch)
Purpose To examine the effects of combined blockade of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) on accelerated senescence in irradiated H460 and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. (monash.edu)
Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown clinical activity in epithelial ovarian cancer, leading both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency to approve olaparib for tumors characterized by BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. (hematologyandoncology.net)
The best example of this to date is the use of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of BRCA1- or BRCA2- mutant EOC. (hematologyandoncology.net)
The inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a potential synthetic lethal therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers with specific DNA-repair defects, including those arising in carriers of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. (nih.gov)
citation needed] Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a nuclear enzyme that is found universally in all eukaryotes and is encoded by the PARP-1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
It belongs to the PARP family, which is a group of catalysts that transfer ADP-ribose units from NAD (nicotinamide dinucleotide) to protein targets, thus creating branched or linear polymers. (wikipedia.org)
PARP-1 accomplishes many of its roles through regulating poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). (wikipedia.org)
Niraparib is an orally available, highly selective poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, with potent activity against PARP-1 and PARP-2 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-repair polymerases. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The last 2 years have ushered in a new era in ovarian cancer therapy with the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). (dovepress.com)
The BRCA (breast cancer susceptibility gene) mutation status seems to be associated with the development of brain metastases from ovarian cancer and these patients may benefit from treatment with PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase) inhibitors. (dovepress.com)
One of the earliest events during single-strand break repair (SSBR) is the rapid synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), followed by its rapid degradation by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). (asm.org)
While the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) is important for rapid rates of chromosomal SSBR, the relative importance of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and PARP-2 and of the subsequent degradation of PAR by PARG is unclear. (asm.org)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is an abundant and stable component of chromatin and is the major source of PAR synthesis following DNA strand breakage ( 27 , 40 ). (asm.org)
PARP stands for poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase, a type of enzyme that helps repair DNA damage in cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) are present in higher eukaryotes only (for a review, see ref. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
PARP-1 activation is initiated by binding to SSB ( 12 , 13 ) and triggers synthesis and transfer of ADP-ribose polymers on various nuclear proteins associated with chromatin, including PARP-1 ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The DNA damage-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) is, together with PARP-1, an active player of the base excision repair process, thus defining its key role in genome surveillance and protection. (asm.org)
In addition, our data show that PARP activity regulates the DNA binding activity of TRF2 via both a covalent heteromodification of the dimerization domain of TRF2 and a noncovalent binding of poly(ADP-ribose) to the myb domain of TRF2. (asm.org)
Veliparib is an investigational oral poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerases (PARP) inhibitor being evaluated in multiple tumor types. (drugs.com)
Most importantly, caspase activity results in a selective substrate specificity, since poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), lamin B, and Wee1 kinase, but not DNA fragmentation factor (DFF45) or replication factor C (RFC140), are processed. (rupress.org)
Emerging data suggest that drugs that target poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes may represent a novel and effective means of treating tumors with these DNA repair defects, including prostate cancers. (cancernetwork.com)
2] In this review, we will specifically examine the molecular rationale for one of these targeted approaches, poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition, in prostate cancer. (cancernetwork.com)

ADPR is created from cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) by the CD38 enzyme using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a cofactor. (wikipedia.org)
A Membrane -bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of Cyclic ADP-Ribose ( cADPR ) from Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD). (online-medical-dictionary.org)
This enzyme generally catalyzes the Hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-Ribose , as well, and sometimes the synthesis of Cyclic ADP-Ribose 2' phosphate (2'-P- cADPR ) from NADP . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) mobilize Ca2+ from two different types of intracellular stores and through completely independent mechanisms. (nih.gov)
The structural features needed for antagonism at the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) receptor are unclear. (ox.ac.uk)

The compound 7-deaza-8-bromo-cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose has been shown to be a stable hydrolysis-resistant cADPR antagonist. (bath.ac.uk)
Recently, a metabolite of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ (NAD+), termed "cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose" (cADPr), has been described to release Ca2+ from caffeine-sensitive internal stores of cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose (cADPR) analogs based on the cyclic inosine 5'-diphosphate ribose (cIDPR) template were synthesized by recently developed stereo- and regioselective N1-ribosylation. (ox.ac.uk)
Replacing the base N9-ribose with a butyl chain generates inhibitors of cADPR hydrolysis by the human ADP-ribosyl cyclase CD38 catalytic domain (shCD38), illustrating the nonessential nature of the "southern" ribose for binding. (ox.ac.uk)
Taken together, these analogs confirm that the "northern" ribose is critical for CD38 activity and inhibition, provide new insight into the mechanism of cADPR hydrolysis by CD38, and may aid future inhibitor design. (ox.ac.uk)
2'-deoxy cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose derivatives: importance of the 2'-hydroxyl motif for the antagonistic activity of 8-substituted cADPR derivatives. (ox.ac.uk)
Chemoenzymatic syntheses of novel 8-substituted 2'-deoxy-cADPR analogues, including 8-bromo-2'-deoxy-cADPR 7, 8-amino-2'-deoxy-cADPR 8, 8- O-methyl-2'-deoxy-cADPR 9, 8-phenyl-2'-deoxy-cADPR 10 and its ribose counterpart 8-phenyl-cADPR 5 are reported, including improved syntheses of established antagonists 8-amino-cADPR 2 and 8-bromo-cADPR 3. (ox.ac.uk)

Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase as therapeutic target: lessons learned from its inhibitors. (cdc.gov)
Use of selective inhibitors of the Ca 2+ -mobilizing messengers inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, as well as desensitization of homogenates to each of these molecules, failed to inhibit the response to 2-hydroxycarbazole. (aspetjournals.org)
Emergence of truly "individualized" therapy: the poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. (nih.gov)
However, more patients in the chemotherapy group received subsequent therapy (with poly [adenosine diphosphate-ribose] polymerase inhibitors, chemotherapy, platinum, and hormonal treatment). (medscape.com)

Adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) is an ester molecule formed into chains by the enzyme poly ADP ribose polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
Binding of the nucleotide adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) to the cytosolic NUDT9 homology (NUDT9H) domain activates the channel. (bath.ac.uk)
A detailed understanding of how ADPR interacts with the TRPM2 ligand binding domain is lacking, hampering the rational design of modulators, but the terminal ribose of ADPR is known to be essential for activation. (bath.ac.uk)
To study its role in more detail, we designed synthetic routes to novel analogues of ADPR and 2′-deoxy-ADPR that were modified only by removal of a single hydroxyl group from the terminal ribose. (bath.ac.uk)
Hydrolyzes ADP-ribose (ADPR) to AMP and ribose 5'-phosphate. (hmdb.ca)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases are a family of DNA-dependent nuclear enzymes catalyzing the transfer of ADP-ribose moieties from cellular nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide to a variety of target proteins. (cdc.gov)
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to NICOTINAMIDE and ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE. (bioportfolio.com)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity in nuclei isolated from differentiating cardiac muscle of the rat has been characterized and its activity measured during development. (biochemj.org)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is inhibited by ATP, thymidine, nicotinamide, theophylline, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and caffeine and stimulated by actinomycin D. The activity measured under optimal assay conditions increases during differentiation of cardiac muscle and is inversely related to the rate of DNA synthesis and to the activities of DNA polymerase α and thymidine kinase. (biochemj.org)
When DNA synthesis and the activity of DNA polymerase α are inhibited in cardiac muscle of the 1-day-old neonatal rat by dibutyryl cyclic AMP or isoproterenol, the specific activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase measured in isolated nuclei is increased. (biochemj.org)
These data suggest that NAD + and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase may be involved with the repression of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in differentiating cardiac muscle. (biochemj.org)
Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in tumors from BRCA mutation carriers. (nih.gov)
Here, we show that silent rRNA genes after the passage of the replication fork and recruits DNA methyltransferases and histone modifier enzymes the poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 (PARP1/ARTD1) to re-establish silent rDNA chromatin (Li et al. (scribd.com)

Potter, B , Watt, JM & Baszczynski, O 2019, ' Synthesis of Terminal Ribose Analogues of Adenosine 5′-Diphosphate Ribose as Probes for the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel TRPM2 ', Journal of Organic Chemistry , vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 6143-6157. (bath.ac.uk)
Synthesis of hexose mono- and diphosphate from adenosine and ribose 5-phosphate in human blood. (springer.com)
One of the earliest responses to DNA strand breakage is the induction of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) synthesis (reviewed in references 17 and 35 ). (asm.org)
Publications] Ikai,K.: 'Poly(adenosine diphosphateーribose)synthesis in transformed mouse epidermal cells in culture' Acta Histochem.Cytochem.24. (nii.ac.jp)

Cytosolic phophoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase catalyzes the reaction of D-ribose 5-phosphate and ATP to form 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose and AMP. (reactome.org)
1. Cloning of cDNA coding for poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase : A complete amino acid sequence of bovine poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase was determined by cDNA cloning. (nii.ac.jp)
Cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding bovine thymus poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase : evolutionarily conserved segments and their potential functions. (nii.ac.jp)

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase by the active form of vitamin D'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (utmb.edu)

These new insight into the physiologic roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases widens the range of human pathologies in which pharmacologic inhibition of these enzymes might have a therapeutic potential. (cdc.gov)
Inhibition of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase by the active form of vitamin D . International journal of molecular medicine , 19 (6), 947-952. (utmb.edu)
Malkoc E et al, 2014: Efficacy of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition in extracorporeal shock wave-induced renal injury. (stosswelle.ch)
The modification of the 40-kD protein was ascribed to ADP-ribosylation of a cysteine residue on the basis of inhibition of labeling by nicotinamide and the release of [3H]ADP-ribose from the labeled protein by mercuric acetate. (biomedsearch.com)

Rib-ADP stands for the adenosine diphosphate-ribose moiety. (anl.gov)
Arginine adenosine-5'-diphosphoribosylation (ADP-ribosylation) is an enzyme-catalyzed, potentially reversible posttranslational modification, in which the ADP-ribose moiety is transferred from NAD(+) to the guanidino moiety of arginine. (nih.gov)
ADP-ribosylarginine specific hydrolases (ARHs) can restore target protein function by hydrolytic removal of the entire ADP-ribose moiety. (nih.gov)
ADP-ribosylation of arginine is a reversible posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins in which the ADP-ribose moiety is transferred from NAD+ to the guanidino group of arginine under release of nicotinamide (Fig. 1). (nih.gov)

Poly adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose polymerases (PARPs) are proteins that help repair DNA mutations. (rochester.edu)
Among the immediate eukaryotic cellular responses to DNA damage is the modification of histones and nuclear proteins by ADP-ribose polymers catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). (asm.org)
Wild-type (WT) RAS proteins are guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-hydrolyzing proteins [guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases)] that cycle between GTP- and guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-bound states. (sciencemag.org)

Galione, A & Potter, B 1998, Cyclic Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose Analogues , Patent No. WO9843992 (A1), IPC No. C07H19/20. (bath.ac.uk)

Cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose analogs without a "southern" ribose inhibit ADP-ribosyl cyclase-hydrolase CD38. (ox.ac.uk)

Adenosine diphosphate ribose exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. (ymdb.ca)

Enzymatic phosphorylation of nucleoside diphosphates. (springer.com)

Although they have been considered as resident nuclear elements of the DNA repair machinery, recent works revealed a more intricate physiologic role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with numerous extranuclear activities. (cdc.gov)
Indeed, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases participate in fundamental cellular processes like chromatin remodelling, transcription or regulation of the cell-cycle. (cdc.gov)
Here, we overview our current knowledge on extranuclear functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases with a particular focus on the mitochondrial ones and discuss potential fields of future clinical applications. (cdc.gov)
NAD + exerts potent effects through the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases, and the recently characterized sirtuin enzymes. (aspetjournals.org)

An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate in the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY. (curehunter.com)
In contrast to arginine, which, at neutral pH, is positively charged, ADP-ribose carries two negatively charged phosphate moieties. (nih.gov)
Plasma levels of taurine, lathosterol, bile acids (taurocholate and glycodeoxycholate), nicotinamide, and adenosine-5-phosphate were significantly higher in asthmatics compared with healthy controls. (jimmunol.org)

The presence of high levels of PAR in cells following DNA strand breakage is very transient because the polymer is rapidly degraded by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). (asm.org)

Adenosine diphosphate ribose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purine nucleotide sugars. (ymdb.ca)

A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. (bioportfolio.com)

have been synthesized by us, such as those using an ether linkage to substitute for the ribose of cIDPR (16C23). (gasyblog.com)

and 4) the difference in effects of adenosine and inosine in activating the pump in energy-depleted ghosts. (springer.com)

However, its activation in damaged cells can lead to adenosine triphosphate depletion and death. (stosswelle.ch)
Apoptosis was determined from the percentage of cells positive for poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase. (aappublications.org)
To study the role of ADP-ribosylation, this reaction was inhibited by depletion of NAD+ (the ADP-ribose donor) or by using selective pharmacological blockers in permeabilized cells. (nih.gov)

Anatomy2

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs74

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes8

Activation of Go-proteins by membrane depolarization traced by in situ photoaffinity labeling of galphao-proteins with [alpha32P]GTP-azidoanilide. (1/1280)

CD38 signaling in B lymphocytes is controlled by its ectodomain but occurs independently of enzymatically generated ADP-ribose or cyclic ADP-ribose. (2/1280)

Lymphocyte migration through brain endothelial cell monolayers involves signaling through endothelial ICAM-1 via a rho-dependent pathway. (3/1280)

Evidence of a role for cyclic ADP-ribose in long-term synaptic depression in hippocampus. (4/1280)

Poly-ADP ribose polymerase activates nuclear proteasome to degrade oxidatively damaged histones. (5/1280)

Rho and Rho kinase mediate thrombin-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis and migration. (6/1280)

Identification of critical, conserved vicinal aspartate residues in mammalian and bacterial ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases. (7/1280)

An antagonist of cADP-ribose inhibits arrhythmogenic oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ in heart cells. (8/1280)

Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose

Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars

Ribose

NAD+ Nucleosidase

Adenosine Diphosphate Sugars

Cyclic ADP-Ribose

Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases

Adenosine Diphosphate

Adenosine

NAD

Periodic Acid

Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose

Niacinamide

Platelet Aggregation

Receptor, Adenosine A2A

Receptor, Adenosine A1

Blood Platelets

Adenine Nucleotides

Adenosine Deaminase

Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12

Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose

Receptor, Adenosine A3

Adenosine Monophosphate

Adenosine Kinase

Receptor, Adenosine A2B

Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists

Platelet Function Tests

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Receptors, Adenosine A2

Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists

Platelet Activation

Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists

Receptors, Purinergic P1

Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases

Apyrase

Polyisoprenyl Phosphates

Ribosemonophosphates

Adenosine Triphosphate

Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists

Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase

Ticlopidine

Blood Platelet Disorders

Platelet Adhesiveness

Kinetics

Hemiterpenes

Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists

Aspirin

Receptors, Purinergic

Xanthines

Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists

Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1

Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists

Receptors, Purinergic P2

Theophylline

Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins

Thrombin

Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency

Clot Retraction

Fibrinogen

Epinephrine

Adenosine Triphosphatases

Platelet Factor 3

Thromboxane A2

Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)

NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases

Megakaryocyte Progenitor Cells

Diphosphates

Nucleotides

Magnesium

Prostaglandin Endoperoxides

Inosine

Pentosephosphates

Bleeding Time

Dimethylallyltranstransferase

Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases

Phosphates

Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists

Cyclic AMP

Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists