Adenosine
Receptor, Adenosine A2A
Receptor, Adenosine A1
Adenosine Deaminase
Receptor, Adenosine A3
Receptor, Adenosine A2B
Adenosine Kinase
Receptors, Adenosine A2
Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists
Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists
Receptors, Purinergic P1
Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists
Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists
Adenosine Monophosphate
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide)
Theophylline
A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.
Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists
Receptors, Purinergic
2-Chloroadenosine
Phenethylamines
Inosine
A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)
5'-Nucleotidase
Cyclic AMP
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Tubercidin
Coformycin
Dipyridamole
Theobromine
3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9)
Pentostatin
Adenosine Phosphosulfate
Purines
Thioinosine
Triazines
Deoxyadenosines
Aminophylline
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Nucleoside Transport Proteins
Hypoxanthine
Nucleotidases
Hypoxanthines
Nucleosides
Apyrase
Adenylate Cyclase
Bucladesine
Cells, Cultured
Guinea Pigs
Ribonucleosides
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Adenosylhomocysteinase
Receptors, Purinergic P2
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Myocardium
Rats, Wistar
Nucleotides
Dogs
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
Colforsin
Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
Magnesium
Caffeine
A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
Extracellular Space
Hyperemia
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
Vasodilation
Rabbits
Isoproterenol
S-Adenosylhomocysteine
Radioligand Assay
Dinucleoside Phosphates
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1
Adenosine Diphosphate Sugars
Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists
Guanosine
Enzyme Inhibitors
Rats, Inbred Strains
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2
Platelet Aggregation
Phosphotransferases
Enzyme Activation
Cell Membrane
Suramin
A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.
3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.
Formycins
Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
Stimulation, Chemical
The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase
Potassium Channels
Cattle
Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial
Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render the myocardium resistant to the deleterious effects of ISCHEMIA or REPERFUSION. The period of pre-exposure and the number of times the tissue is exposed to ischemia and reperfusion vary, the average being 3 to 5 minutes.
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Binding Sites
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Uridine Triphosphate
Affinity Labels
Dideoxyadenosine
A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.
Isopentenyladenosine
Depression, Chemical
The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Analysis of a ubiquitous promoter element in a primitive eukaryote: early evolution of the initiator element. (1/6258)
Typical metazoan core promoter elements, such as TATA boxes and Inr motifs, have yet to be identified in early-evolving eukaryotes, underscoring the extensive divergence of these organisms. Towards the identification of core promoters in protists, we have studied transcription of protein-encoding genes in one of the earliest-diverging lineages of Eukaryota, that represented by the parasitic protist Trichomonas vaginalis. A highly conserved element, comprised of a motif similar to a metazoan initiator (Inr) element, surrounds the start site of transcription in all examined T. vaginalis genes. In contrast, a metazoan-like TATA element appears to be absent in trichomonad promoters. We demonstrate that the conserved motif found in T. vaginalis protein-encoding genes is an Inr promoter element. This trichomonad Inr is essential for transcription, responsible for accurate start site selection, and interchangeable between genes, demonstrating its role as a core promoter element. The sequence requirements of the trichomonad Inr are similar to metazoan Inrs and can be replaced by a mammalian Inr. These studies show that the Inr is a ubiquitous, core promoter element for protein-encoding genes in an early-evolving eukaryote. Functional and structural similarities between this protist Inr and the metazoan Inr strongly indicate that the Inr promoter element evolved early in eukaryotic evolution. (+info)Expression of both P1 and P2 purine receptor genes by human articular chondrocytes and profile of ligand-mediated prostaglandin E2 release. (2/6258)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression and function of purine receptors in articular chondrocytes. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to screen human chondrocyte RNA for expression of P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. Purine-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from chondrocytes, untreated or treated with recombinant human interleukin-1alpha (rHuIL-1alpha), was assessed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: RT-PCR demonstrated that human articular chondrocytes transcribe messenger RNA for the P1 receptor subtypes A2a and A2b and the P2 receptor subtype P2Y2, but not for the P1 receptor subtypes A1 and A3. The P1 receptor agonists adenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine did not change PGE2 release from chondrocytes. The P2Y2 agonists ATP and UTP stimulated a small release of PGE2 that was potentiated after pretreatment with rHuIL-1alpha. PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP cotreatment was not additive, but release in response to coaddition of ATP and bradykinin (BK) or UTP and BK was additive, consistent with ATP and UTP competition for the same receptor site. The potentiation of PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP after rHuIL-1alpha pretreatment was mimicked by phorbol myristate acetate. CONCLUSION: Human chondrocytes express both P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. The function of the P1 receptor subtype is not yet known, but stimulation of the P2Y2 receptor increases IL-1-mediated PGE2 release. (+info)Presynaptic action of adenosine on a 4-aminopyridine-sensitive current in the rat carotid body. (3/6258)
1. Plasma adenosine concentration increases during hypoxia to a level that excites carotid body chemoreceptors by an undetermined mechanism. We have examined this further by determining the electrophysiological responses to exogenous adenosine of sinus nerve chemoafferents in vitro and of whole-cell currents in isolated type I cells. 2. Steady-state, single-fibre chemoafferent discharge was increased approximately 5-fold above basal levels by 100 microM adenosine. This adenosine-stimulated discharge was reversibly and increasingly reduced by methoxyverapamil (D600, 100 microM), by application of nickel chloride (Ni2+, 2 mM) and by removal of extracellular Ca2+. These effects strongly suggest a presynaptic, excitatory action of adenosine on type I cells of the carotid body. 3. Adenosine decreased whole-cell outward currents at membrane potentials above -40 mV in isolated type I cells recorded during superfusion with bicarbonate-buffered saline solution at 34-36 C. This effect was reversible and concentration dependent with a maximal effect at 10 microM. 4. The degree of current inhibition induced by 10 microM adenosine was voltage independent (45.39 +/- 2. 55 % (mean +/- s.e.m.) between -40 and +30 mV) and largely ( approximately 75 %), but not entirely, Ca2+ independent. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP, 5 mM) decreased the amplitude of the control outward current by 80.60 +/- 3.67 % and abolished the effect of adenosine. 5. Adenosine was without effect upon currents near the resting membrane potential of approximately -55 mV and did not induce depolarization in current-clamp experiments. 6. We conclude that adenosine acts to inhibit a 4-AP-sensitive current in isolated type I cells of the rat carotid body and suggest that this mechanism contributes to the chemoexcitatory effect of adenosine in the whole carotid body. (+info)A comparison of an A1 adenosine receptor agonist (CVT-510) with diltiazem for slowing of AV nodal conduction in guinea-pig. (4/6258)
1. The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacological properties (i.e. the AV nodal depressant, vasodilator, and inotropic effects) of two AV nodal blocking agents belonging to different drug classes; a novel A1 adenosine receptor (A1 receptor) agonist, N-(3(R)-tetrahydrofuranyl)-6-aminopurine riboside (CVT-510), and the prototypical calcium channel blocker diltiazem. 2. In the atrial-paced isolated heart, CVT-510 was approximately 5 fold more potent to prolong the stimulus-to-His bundle (S-H interval), a measure of slowing AV nodal conduction (EC50 = 41 nM) than to increase coronary conductance (EC50 = 200 nM). At concentrations of CVT-510 (40 nM) and diltiazem (1 microM) that caused equal prolongation of S-H interval (approximately 10 ms), diltiazem, but not CVT-510, significantly reduced left ventricular developed pressure (LVP) and markedly increased coronary conductance. CVT-510 shortened atrial (EC50 = 73 nM) but not the ventricular monophasic action potentials (MAP). 3. In atrial-paced anaesthetized guinea-pigs, intravenous infusions of CVT-510 and diltiazem caused nearly equal prolongations of P-R interval. However, diltiazem, but not CVT-510, significantly reduced mean arterial blood pressure. 4. Both CVT-510 and diltiazem prolonged S-H interval, i.e., slowed AV nodal conduction. However, the A1 receptor-selective agonist CVT-510 did so without causing the negative inotropic, vasodilator, and hypotensive effects associated with diltiazem. Because CVT-510 did not affect the ventricular action potential, it is unlikely that this agonist will have a proarrythmic action in ventricular myocardium. (+info)A new synthesis of 5'-deoxy-8,5'-cyclo-adenosine and -inosine: conformationally-fixed purine nucleosides (nucleosides and nucleotides. XVI). (5/6258)
A versatile method for the synthesis of 5'-deoxy-8,5'-cycloadenosine, a conformationally-fixed "anti" type of adenosine, was presented. Irradiation of 2', 3'-O-isopropylidene-5'-deoxy-5'-phenylthioadenosine with 60W Hg vapor lamp afforded 2',3'-O-isopropylidene-5'-deoxy-8,5'-cycloadenosine in high yield. The use of other 5'-alkylthio derivatives also gave the cycloadenosine, though the yields were rather poor. Deacetonation of the cyclocompound with 0.1N HCl gave 5'-deoxy-8,5'-cycloadenosine. The cycloinosine derivative was similarly prepared. The nmr, mass and CD spectra of 5'-deoxy-8,5'-cycloadenosine were given and discussed with the previously reported results. (+info)End group of naturally terminated and UV lesion terminated T7 in vitro RNA. (6/6258)
The 3' terminal nucleosides of RNA transcribed in vitro by E. coli RNA polymerase from T7 DNA and UV irradiated TN DNA were determined. The 3' terminal nucleoside of naturally terminated (t1 termination site) RNA cytidine. In the case of RNA terminated at UV lesions, it is cytidine in 0 per cent of the molecules and adenosine in the remaining 30 per cent. Cytidine trialcohols are labile in high concentrations of KOH and at high temperature and appear to convert to uridine. (+info)Nucleoside-3'-phosphotriesters as key intermediates for the oligoribonucleotide synthesis. III. An improved preparation of nucleoside 3'-phosphotriesters, their 1H NMR characterization and new conditions for removal of 2-cyanoethyl group. (7/6258)
An improved procedure for the transformation of 5'-O-monomethoxytrityl-2'-O-acetyl-3'-phosphates of uridine la, inosine ib and 6-N-benzoyladenosine lc into corresponding 3'/2,2,2-trichloroethyl, 2-cyanoethyl/-phosphates iiaic is reported. H NMR characterization of nucleoside 3'-phosphotriesters is presented. New conditions i.e. anhydrous triethylamine-pyridine treatment have been found for the selective removal of 2-cyanoethyl group from nucleoside 3'-phosphotriesters in the presence of neighbouring 2'-O-acetyl one. (+info)Electrophysiologic effects of adenosine in patients with supraventricular tachycardia. (8/6258)
BACKGROUND: We correlated the electrophysiologic (EP) effects of adenosine with tachycardia mechanisms in patients with supraventricular tachycardias (SVT). METHODS AND RESULTS: Adenosine was administered to 229 patients with SVTs during EP study: atrioventricular (AV) reentry (AVRT; n=59), typical atrioventricular node reentry (AVNRT; n=82), atypical AVNRT (n=13), permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT; n=12), atrial tachycardia (AT; n=53), and inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST; n=10). There was no difference in incidence of tachycardia termination at the AV node in AVRT (85%) versus AVNRT (86%) after adenosine, but patients with AVRT showed increases in the ventriculoatrial (VA) intervals (13%) compared with typical AVNRT (0%), P<0.005. Changes in atrial, AV, or VA intervals after adenosine did not predict the mode of termination of long R-P tachycardias. For patients with AT, there was no correlation with location of the atrial focus and adenosine response. AV block after adenosine was only observed in AT patients (27%) or IST (30%). Patients with IST showed atrial cycle length increases after adenosine (P<0.05) with little change in activation sequence. The incidence of atrial fibrillation after adenosine was higher for those with AVRT (15%) compared with typical AVNRT (0%) P<0.001, or atypical AVNRT (0%) but similar to those with AT (11%) and PJRT (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The EP response to adenosine proved of limited value to identify the location of AT or SVT mechanisms. Features favoring AT were the presence of AV block or marked shortening of atrial cycle length before tachycardia suppression. Atrial fibrillation was more common after adenosine in patients with AVRT, PJRT, or AT. Patients with IST showed increases in cycle length with little change in atrial activation sequence after adenosine. (+info)
Role of Adenosine A1 Receptors in Modulating Extracellular Adenosine Levels | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental...
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Biofyzikální ústav AV ČR
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PRKCE
Yang Z, Sun W, Hu K (Apr 2012). "Molecular mechanism underlying adenosine receptor-mediated mitochondrial targeting of protein ... Yang Z, Sun W, Hu K (Apr 2012). "Molecular mechanism underlying adenosine receptor-mediated mitochondrial targeting of protein ... adenosine; hypoxia and Akt-induced stem cell factor; ROS generated via pharmacologic activation of the mitochondrial potassium- ...
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Adenosine triphosphate is a major "energy currency" of the cell. The high energy bonds between the phosphate groups can be ... ISBN 978-3-642-33430-6. Agteresch, Hendrik J.; Dagnelie, Pieter C.; van den Berg, J Willem; Wilson, J H. (1999). "Adenosine ...
Regrelor
Nave CR (2005). "Adenosine Triphosphate". Hyper Physics [serial on the Internet]. Georgia State University. Douglass JG, Patel ... Regrelor was synthesized from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), an endogenous chemical involved in metabolism. The authors noted ...
Nucleoside triphosphate
"ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate , Boundless Biology". courses.lumenlearning.com-US. Retrieved 2017-11-12. Carvalho AT, Szeler K, ... For example, dATP stands for deoxyribose adenosine triphosphate. NTPs are the building blocks of RNA, and dNTPs are the ...
ATPase
Kielley WW (1961). "Myosin adenosine triphosphatase". In Boyer PD, Lardy H, Myrbäck K (eds.). The Enzymes. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adenosine triphosphatases. "ATP synthase - a splendid molecular machine" ATPase at the ... Martin SS, Senior AE (November 1980). "Membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities in rat pancreas". Biochimica et Biophysica ... "The membrane-bound copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Cu-ATPase), which selectively binds copper ions, transports ...
Caffeine
... acts by blocking binding of adenosine to the adenosine A1 receptor, which enhances release of the neurotransmitter ... When caffeine is consumed, it antagonizes adenosine receptors; in other words, caffeine prevents adenosine from activating the ... an agent that reduces the effects of adenosine). The caffeine molecule is structurally similar to adenosine, and is capable of ... a receptor complex composed of 1 adenosine A1 receptor and 1 adenosine A2A receptor) in the axon terminal of glutamate neurons ...
Phosphate sulfate
"Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-07-14. (CS1 German-language sources (de), CS1: long ... In biochemistry, metabolism of sulfate may use such a group, for example with adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Frost, Ray L.; ...
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter family
hENT4 is uniquely selective for adenosine, and also transports a variety of organic cations. The generalized transport reaction ... Noji T, Karasawa A, Kusaka H (Jul 2004). "Adenosine uptake inhibitors". European Journal of Pharmacology. 495 (1): 1-16. doi: ... They are blocked by adenosine reuptake inhibitors like dipyridamole and dilazep, drugs used clinically for their vasodilatory ... By regulating the concentration of adenosine available to cell surface receptors, mammalian ENTs additionally influence ...
Stimulant
Adenosine receptors are thought to be a large driver of drowsiness and sleep, and their action increases with extended ... Caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist, and only indirectly increases catecholamine transmission in the brain. Pitolisant ... Caffeine has been found to increase striatal dopamine in animal models, as well as inhibit the inhibitory effect of adenosine ... Kamiya T, Saitoh O, Yoshioka K, Nakata H (June 2003). "Oligomerization of adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in living ...
ATP hydrolysis
The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate (Pi). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, ... "ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate". cnx.org. Retrieved 2018-05-16. Wackerhage, H.; Hoffmann, U.; Essfeld, D.; Leyk, D.; Mueller, K.; ... adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another inorganic phosphate (Pi). ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy ... catabolic reaction process by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine ...
Striatum
... they also express adenosine A1 receptors), while dynorphinergic MSNs connect the striatum with the substantia nigra (pars ... and express the peptides dynorphin and substance P and dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 but not A2A receptors ... These two ... "Adenosine-cannabinoid receptor interactions. Implications for striatal function". Br. J. Pharmacol. 160 (3): 443-453. doi: ... can be differentiated by their output connectivity and their expression of dopamine and adenosine receptors and neuropeptides. ...
Ribose-5-phosphate adenylyltransferase
Other names in common use include ADP ribose phosphorylase, and adenosine diphosphoribose phosphorylase. Evans WR, San Pietro A ... Stern AI, Avron M (1966). "An adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose:orthophosphate adenylyltransferase from Euglena gracilis". ... 1966). "Phosphorolysis of adenosine diphosphoribose". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 113 (1): 236-44. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(66)90178-0 ...
Biochemical cascade
Adenosine is very relevant in bone metabolism, as it plays a role in formation and activation of both osteoclasts and ... Adenosine acts by binding to purinergic receptors and influencing adenylyl cyclase activity and the formation of cAMP and PKA ... Then, it converts adenosine triphosphate into cyclic AMP, which activates Protein kinase A. PKA leads to protein tyrosine ... There are two main types of purinergic receptors, P1 binding to adenosine, and P2 binding to ATP or ADP, presenting different ...
Nucleus accumbens
... and express the peptide enkephalin and a high density of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors (they also express adenosine ... In contrast, the D2-type medium spiny neurons in the NAcc shell which express adenosine A2A receptors have no role in ... Ferré S, Lluís C, Justinova Z, Quiroz C, Orru M, Navarro G, Canela EI, Franco R, Goldberg SR (June 2010). "Adenosine- ... The indirect pathway (i.e., D2-type) neurons in the NAcc core which co-express adenosine A2A receptors activation-dependently ...
Basal ganglia
This pathway consists of MSNs that express dopamine receptor D2, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, and adenosine receptor ... and adenosine receptor A1. The direct pathway has been proposed to facilitate motor actions, timing of motor actions, gating of ... "Adenosine-cannabinoid receptor interactions. Implications for striatal function". British Journal of Pharmacology. 160 (3): 443 ...
TRNA dimethylallyltransferase
Kline LK, Fittler F, Hall RH (1969). "N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenosine. Biosynthesis in transfer ribonucleic acid in vitro". ...
Pyrosequencing
PPi is pyrophosphate APS is adenosine 5-phosphosulfate; ATP is adenosine triphosphate; O2 is oxygen molecule; AMP is adenosine ... This incorporation releases pyrophosphate (PPi). ATP sulfurylase converts PPi to ATP in the presence of adenosine 5´ ... and with the substrates adenosine 5´ phosphosulfate (APS) and luciferin. The addition of one of the four deoxynucleotide ...
Anxiety
... increased adenosine receptor function; increased cortisol. In the central nervous system (CNS), the major mediators of the ...
Nucleic acid metabolism
The nucleoside, adenosine, is then deaminated and hydrolyzed to form hypoxanthine via adenosine deaminase and nucleosidase ... "Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency". Learn.Genetics. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014 ... IMP is then converted to AMP (adenosine monophosphate) using GTP and aspartate, which is converted into fumarate. While IMP can ... Adenylate kinase is a specific nucleoside-monophosphate kinase that functions only on adenosine-monophosphate. Carbohydrate ...
Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase
Ghosh HP, Preiss J (1966). "Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase. A regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of starch ... I. Purification and properties of the adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase of Arthrobacter species NRRL B1973". J. Biol ... Other names in common use include ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase, glucose 1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, adenosine diphosphate ... glucose pyrophosphorylase, adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, ADP-glucose synthase, ...
Medium spiny neuron
... and express the peptide enkephalin and a high density of dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors (they also express adenosine ... adenosine A1 receptors, dynorphin peptides, and substance P peptides. Indirect pathway MSNs inhibit their output structure and ... and express the peptides dynorphin and substance P and dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 but not A2A receptors (Ferréet al., 1997; ... "Adenosine-cannabinoid receptor interactions. Implications for striatal function". Br. J. Pharmacol. 160 (3): 443-453. doi: ...
Ribose 5-phosphate
Histidine biosynthesis is carefully regulated by feedback inhibition/ R5P can be converted to adenosine diphosphate ribose, ... Evans WR, San Pietro A (January 1966). "Phosphorolysis of adenosine diphosphoribose". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. ... Adenosine triphosphate). Formation of each molecule is controlled by the flow of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) in two different ...
Purine
Adenosine activates adenosine receptors. The word purine (pure urine) was coined by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1884. He ... and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In order to perform these essential cellular processes, both purines and pyrimidines are ... adenosine) with ribose moiety. These nucleosides with phosphoric acid form corresponding nucleotides (deoxyguanylate, ...
List of OMIM disorder codes
APC Adenosine deaminase deficiency, partial; 102700; ADA Adenosine triphosphate, elevated, of erythrocytes; 102900; PKLR ...
Prostaglandin D2
Nagata N, Urade Y (2012). "[Sleep-wake regulation by prostaglandin D2 and adenosine]". Brain Nerve. 64 (6): 621-8. PMID ... PGD2 with Adenosine promotes sleep. In silico simulations have predicted the following as potential inhibitors of PGD2 synthase ...
Wouter Van Belle
"Belgian Asociality - Adenosine Trifosfaat Preparaat". Ultratop. Retrieved 10 November 2021. "BiezeBaaze - Wachten op misschien ... Adenosine Trifosfaat Preparaat (1995), #44 in Flanders BiezeBaaze, Wachten op misschien (2003), #31 in Flanders Flip Kowlier ...
SCH-442,416
July 2008). "Brain adenosine A2A receptor occupancy by a novel A1/A2A receptor antagonist, ASP5854, in rhesus monkeys: ... SCH-442,416 is a highly selective adenosine A2a subtype receptor antagonist. It is widely used in its 11C radiolabelled form to ... April 2005). "In vivo imaging of adenosine A2A receptors in rat and primate brain using [11C]SCH442416". European Journal of ... El Yacoubi M, Costentin J, Vaugeois JM (December 2003). "Adenosine A2A receptors and depression". Neurology. 61 (11 Suppl 6): ...
Cladribine
However, unlike adenosine, it is relatively resistant to breakdown by the enzyme adenosine deaminase, which causes it to ... Chemically, it mimics nucleoside adenosine; however, unlike adenosine, cladribine has a chlorine molecule at position 2, which ... Carson had studied adenosine deaminase deficiency and recognised that because the lack of adenosine deaminase led to the ... renders it partially resistant to breakdown by adenosine deaminase. This causes it to accumulate in cells and interfere with ...
Arachnocampa
... adenosine triphosphate, the energy molecule; and oxygen. It occurs in modified excretory organs known as Malpighian tubules in ...
Ammonia kinase
Dowler MJ, Nakada HI (1968). "Yeast phosphoramidate-adenosine diphosphate phosphotransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 243 (7): 1434-40 ... Other names in common use include phosphoramidate-adenosine diphosphate phosphotransferase, and phosphoramidate-ADP- ...
Adenosine deaminase 2 deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics
Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) deficiency is a disorder characterized by abnormal inflammation of various tissues. Explore ... Garg N, Kasapcopur O, Foster J 2nd, Barut K, Tekin A, Kizilkilic O, Tekin M. Novel adenosine deaminase 2 mutations in a child ... Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase Type 2: A Description of Phenotype and Genotype in Fifteen Cases. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 ... Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) deficiency is a disorder characterized by abnormal inflammation of various tissues. Signs and ...
Adenosine-Guided Ablation Reduces Arrhythmia Recurrence
Using adenosine to help unmask dormant pulmonary vein conduction following ablation, researchers reduced atrial tachyarrhythmia ... The Adenosine Following Pulmonary Vein Isolation to Target Dormant Conduction Elimination (ADVICE) trial was presented here at ... Adenosine may be used during the AF ablation procedure to detect pulmonary veins at risk of later reconnection, the so-called ... "If a routine strategy of adenosine testing is used with elimination of dormant conduction when present, which it is in about ...
Pharmacologic Stress Testing Technique: Approach Considerations, Adenosine Technique, Dipyridamole (Persantine) Technique
Adenosine Technique. Dosing and practical considerations. The use of adenosine requires an infusion pump that delivers the dose ... Adenosine-walk protocol. For patients who are able, combined low-level treadmill exercise during adenosine infusion has been ... Adenosine is infused at a rate of 140 mcg/kg/min for 6 minutes. At the 3-minute mark, the stress radiopharmaceutical is ... Spare adenosine A2a receptors are associated with positive exercise stress test in coronary artery disease. Mol Med. 2016 Jul ...
Adenosine - Wikipedia
When adenosine enters the circulation, it is broken down by adenosine deaminase, which is present in red blood cells and the ... Adenosine is believed to be an anti-inflammatory agent at the A2A receptor. Topical treatment of adenosine to foot wounds in ... Adenosine used as a second messenger can be the result of de novo purine biosynthesis via adenosine monophosphate (AMP), though ... Adenosine has been shown to promote thickening of hair on people with thinning hair. A 2013 study compared topical adenosine ...
Caffeine and adenosine
... as does adenosine, exerts effects on neurons and glial cells of all brain areas. In consequence, caffeine, when acting as an AR ... Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine receptors (ARs): A1, A2A, A3, and A2B ... Caffeine and adenosine J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S3-15. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-1379. ... Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine receptors (ARs): A1, A2A, A3, and A2B ...
Adenosine Triphosphate News, Research - Page 2
Adenocard, Adenoscan (adenosine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
... adenosine), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, ... Push adenosine as fast as possible (1-3 sec). While keeping pressure on adenosine syringe plunger, push NS flush as fast as ... encoded search term (adenosine (Adenocard%2C Adenoscan)) and adenosine (Adenocard, Adenoscan) What to Read Next on Medscape ... FDA Issues Warning on Regadenoson, Adenosine * Selective adenosine-receptor agonist for resting perfusion scans now on the ...
Physiology, Adenosine Triphosphate - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. The structure of ATP is a ... The intravenous adenosine infusion acts on the A1 adenosine receptor, initiating a signaling cascade that ultimately aids the ... Adenosine also decreased postoperative opioid usage, suggesting a potential long-lasting A1 adenosine receptor activation. ... Physiology, Adenosine Triphosphate. Jacob Dunn; Michael H. Grider.. Author Information. Authors. Jacob Dunn1; Michael H. Grider ...
Adenosine 5′-diphosphate =90 16178-48-6 C10H13N5Na2O10P2
Adenosine 5′-diphosphate disodium salt ≥90%; CAS Number: 16178-48-6; EC Number: 240-314-7; Synonyms: 5′-ADP-Na2; find Sigma- ... Upon its conversion to adenosine by ecto-ADPases, platelet activation is inhibited via adenosine receptors. ... Adenosine 5′-diphosphate disodium salt has been used as a purinergic G protein-coupled receptor P2Y12 agonistin platelet ... Adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) is an adenine nucleotide involved in energy storage and nucleic acid metabolism via its ...
DailyMed - RED GINSENG VITALIZING HYDROG EL MASK- niacinamide, adenosine patch
Adenosine (UNII: K72T3FS567) (ADENOSINE - UNII:K72T3FS567) Adenosine. 0.016 g in 40 g. ... RED GINSENG VITALIZING HYDROG EL MASK- niacinamide, adenosine patch. Out of scope - Out of scope for RxNorm and will not ... RED GINSENG VITALIZING HYDROG EL MASK- niacinamide, adenosine patch. To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and ... RED GINSENG VITALIZING HYDROG EL MASK- niacinamide, adenosine patch. If this SPL contains inactivated NDCs listed by the FDA ...
JCI -
Adenosine kinase inhibition promotes survival of fetal adenosine deaminase-deficient thymocytes by blocking dATP...
An adenosine receptor agonist does not mimic and an adenosine receptor antagonist does not prevent the effects of ADA ... Adenosine receptor expression. Adenosine receptor expression was analyzed by RT-PCR with RNA prepared from day-15 fetal ... Elevated adenosine can force reversal of the hydrolytic reaction to form SAH from adenosine and homocysteine (22). ... Adenosine receptor expression in murine fetal thymocytes. Adenosine receptor expression was analyzed by RT-PCR with RNA from ...
Adenosine A2A Receptors | Adenosine Receptors | Tocris Bioscience
View and buy high purity products active at Adenosine A2A Receptors from Tocris Bioscience. ... Adenosine A2A Receptors. Adenosine A2A receptors are members of the adenosine receptor group of G-protein-coupled receptors ... CD39 and CD73 are ectonucleotidases that convert ATP to adenosine, elevating concentrations of adenosine locally. Adenosine is ... Adenosine A2A receptors are members of the adenosine receptor group of G-protein-coupled receptors that also includes A1, A2B ...
Free Brochure Report of Adenosine Market is available for Download
The Efficacy and Safety of Succinylated Atelocollagen and Adenosine for the Treatment of Periorbital Wrinkles
However, we did not observe any effects of adenosine on periorbital wrinkles. Succinylated atelocollagen may be an effective ... right or left periorbital area was treated with either a solution containing succinylated atelocollagen and adenosine or a ... application of succinylated atelocollagen on periorbital wrinkles and to compare the results of treatment with adenosine, a ... D. Ryu, J. Jung, K. Chung, H. Suh, S. Oh and J. Lee, "The Efficacy and Safety of Succinylated Atelocollagen and Adenosine for ...
Direct Association of Adenosine Deaminase with a T Cell Activation Antigen, CD26 - NASA/ADS
Amino acid sequence analysis and immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that this 43-kilodalton protein was adenosine ... Direct Association of Adenosine Deaminase with a T Cell Activation Antigen, CD26 *Kameoka, Junichi ... Amino acid sequence analysis and immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that this 43-kilodalton protein was adenosine ...
Search of: adenosine AND Deaminase AND stem cell AND Vector AND Vector AND Hematopoietic - Results on Map - ClinicalTrials.gov
Adenosine and its Role in ATP and Athletic Energy
Adenosine Triphosphate is present in every living cell of the body. It is also available as a dietary supplement. Each year, ... Adenosine forms from the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy source in cells. Chemically, ATP is an ... Adenosine and the ATP Equation. Adenosine is a naturally occurring extracellular signaling molecule that facilitates essential ... Interval training seems to offer the greatest opportunity for elevated adenosine to occur. Adenosine production is dependent ...
RCSB PDB - 1QYR: 2.1 Angstrom Crystal structure of KsgA: A Universally Conserved Adenosine Dimethyltransferase
... to two adjacent adenosine bases in 16S rRNA. This enzyme and the resulting modified adenosine bases appear to be conserved in ... to two adjacent adenosine bases in 16S rRNA. This enzyme and the resulting modified adenosine bases appear to be conserved in ... 2.1 Angstrom Crystal structure of KsgA: A Universally Conserved Adenosine Dimethyltransferase. *PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb1QYR/pdb ... which methylate a single adenosine base in 23S rRNA and confer resistance to the MLS-B group of antibiotics. Despite their ...
Portage targets adenosine pathway with Tarus acquisition - BioProcess InsiderBioProcess International
Portage Biotech will gain four assets targeting various aspects of the adenosine pathway through the acquisition of Tarus ... TT-53 (now PORT-8):a dual inhibitor of adenosine receptors 2A and 2B (A2A/A2B), which aims to treat solid tumors. Portage plans ... TT-10 (now PORT-6):an adenosine receptor type 2A (A2A) inhibitor to treat solid tumors. It has been granted IND clearance and ... TT-4 (now PORT-7): an adenosine receptor type 2B (A2B) inhibitor to treat solid tumors, clinical development is expected to ...
Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP Supplement) - Proteinfactory
... is a clinically validated and patented form of Adenosine 5-Triphosphate (ATP supplement). Get the best ATP supplement right ... Adenosine 5-Triphosphate (ATP Supplement). Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate (ATP supplement) can be used for lean muscle building and ... "PEAK ATP® is a clinically validated and patented form of Adenosine 5-Triphosphate (ATP supplement) Disodium shown to improve ... Study shows effects of oral adenosine-5-triphosphate supplementation on athletic performance, skeletal muscle hypertrophy and ...
LOINC LG42243-2 - Adenosine monophosphate.cyclic|Pt|Ser/Plas
Cefazolin sodium and Adenosine interactions starting with G - eHealthMe
Adenosine analogs and sleep in rats. | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
The effects of N6-L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine, cyclohexyladenosine and adenosine-5-N-ethylcarboxamide on sleep were examined ... for 0.1 mumol/kg of cyclohexyl-adenosine and 0.3 mumol/kg of N6-L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine, respectively. Slow-wave sleep1 ... that activation of A1 rather than A2 receptors contributed to the sleep effects of the drugs because adenosine and adenosine ... Adenosine analogs and sleep in rats.. M Radulovacki, R M Virus, M Djuricic-Nedelson and R D Green ...
Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists | Profiles RNS
Adenosine A1 and A2A receptor regulation of protein phosphatase 2A in the murine heart. J Cell Physiol. 2008 Jul; 216(1):83-90. ... Yang D, Chen H, Koupenova M, Carroll SH, Eliades A, Freedman JE, Toselli P, Ravid K. A new role for the A2b adenosine receptor ... Adenosine A2A and beta-adrenergic calcium transient and contractile responses in rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart ... "Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ...
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Complete
Search of: adenosine AND Deaminase AND stem cell AND Vector AND Vector AND Deaminase - Results by Topic - ClinicalTrials.gov
Presynaptic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission by adenosine in rat hippocampus: analysis of unitary EPSP variance...
Presynaptic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission by adenosine in rat hippocampus: analysis of unitary EPSP variance ... Presynaptic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission by adenosine in rat hippocampus: analysis of unitary EPSP variance ... Presynaptic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission by adenosine in rat hippocampus: analysis of unitary EPSP variance ... Presynaptic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission by adenosine in rat hippocampus: analysis of unitary EPSP variance ...
Atrial Flutter Converted to Sinus Rhythm by Adenosine Infusion
| Kansas Journal of Medicine
Modulation of adenosine signalling in sheep adipose tissue by growth hormone | Biochemical Society Transactions | Portland Press
TriphosphateReceptorsNucleosideMonophosphateKinaseMetabolismRole of adenosinePathwayIntravenousSubtypesMoleculeAgonistEffect of adenosineResponse to adenosineInjectionCyclic AdenosineExtracellular adenosineAntagonists on operant behaviorExertsCardiacDeficiencyCaffeineAntiarrhythmicInhibitionEnzyme called adenosineIncrease adenosine levelsProteinPotentPathwaysLevels of adenosineRelease of adenosineFunction of adenosineSuggest that adenosineTheophyllineEffectsInosineTriphosphataseDipyridamoleUptakeTherapeuticRiboseIntracellular adenosineDerivativesInfusionEnzymesNECAIMSEAR at SEAROSupraventricular tachycardiaMyocardialConcentrationsDrugsDoseCellular
Triphosphate34
- Its derivatives include the energy carriers adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate, also known as AMP/ADP/ATP. (wikipedia.org)
- Scientists have developed a prototype sensor that could help doctors rapidly measure adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate levels in blood samples from patients, aiding in the rapid assessment of the severity of some diseases. (news-medical.net)
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level. (nih.gov)
- Adenosine Triphosphate is present in every living cell of the body. (nfpt.com)
- Adenosine forms from the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy source in cells. (nfpt.com)
- These powerhouses, located within cells, convert carbohydrates (glucose, in their most elemental form) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (nfpt.com)
- Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate (ATP supplement) can be used for lean muscle building and energy, It is distributed and manufactured by the TSI group. (proteinfactory.com)
- PEAK ATP® is a clinically validated and patented form of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (ATP supplement) Disodium shown to improve body composition and athletic performance by increasing muscular excitability, blood flow and recovery. (proteinfactory.com)
- Prior research has focused largely on the two major ectonucleotidases, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1/cluster of differentiation (CD)39 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73, which catalyze the breakdown of extracellular ATP into adenosine, and on the subsequent activation of different subtypes of adenosine receptors with mixed findings of antitumor and protumor effects. (utu.fi)
- As its name suggests, adenosine triphosphate is comprised of adenosine bound to three phosphate groups ( [link] ). (edu.vn)
- Although adenosine triphosphate-magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl 2 ) has demonstrated cytoprotective effects in a variety of adverse pathophysiologic conditions, its ability to alter radiation injury is unknown. (utmb.edu)
- Disodium adenosine triphosphate is used to maintain the skin in good condition. (loreal.com)
- In atp adenosine triphosphate, the energy released when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and AMP is used to fuel metabolic reactions and other cellular processes, such as the movement of proteins within cells, by active transport across plasma membranes and muscle contraction. (ibiologia.com)
- What are the components of Adenosine triphosphate ATP? (ibiologia.com)
- ATP stands for Adenosine triphosphate, and it is usually administered in liposomal form via a spray during a hair transplant procedure. (hairlosscure2020.com)
- Effects of adenosine triphosphate and other substances on hydroxyproline-induced inhibition of Avena coleoptile elongation (Unpublished thesis). (txstate.edu)
- Extracellular adenosine triphosphate increases cation permeability of chronic lymphocytic leukemic lymphocytes. (austin.org.au)
- Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known to reversibly increase the cation permeability of a variety of freshly isolated and cultured cell types. (austin.org.au)
- SAMe, also known as S-Adenosyl Methionine, is a supplement made from Adenosine Triphosphate and Methionine and is used as a treatment for mild depression, boosting mood and nergy levels. (trackmystack.com)
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is an energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things. (kitabdukan.com)
- Adenosine triphosphate is an organic compound and hydrotropic that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. (kitabdukan.com)
- ABCB6 is an associate from the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette category of transporter protein that's increasingly named another physiological and therapeutic focus on. (conferencedequebec.org)
- Now, a new study in mice has found that remote inflammation spreads by neuron crosstalk, and that the molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a key role in this by acting as a neurotransmitter and inflammation enhancer. (cosmosmagazine.com)
- Adenosine Triphosphate Sampling Pen market is segmented by Type and by Application . (znewsafrica.com)
- Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Adenosine Triphosphate Sampling Pen market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. (znewsafrica.com)
- The interaction between Fe content titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biomolecules has been envisioned. (edu.in)
- The structure of Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt's molecules can be abbreviated as AP ~ P ~P, where A representative of adenosine, P behalf of phosphate groups, ~ represents a particular chemical bond, called the high-energy phosphate bond, high-energy phosphate bond cleavage, the large amount of energy is released out. (prius-biotech.com)
- Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt is a kind of coenzyme. (prius-biotech.com)
- Adenosine triphosphate is used as Pharmaceutical Raw Material. (prius-biotech.com)
- Both propofol and thiamylal inhibit adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. (asahq.org)
- ADENOSINE triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels are composed of two different types of protein subunits, i.e. , a sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and an inwardly rectifying K + channel (Kir6). (asahq.org)
- ATP - adenosine triphosphate, the vital energy source that keeps our body's cells alive, runs amok at the site of a spinal cord injury, pouring into the area around the wound and killing the cells that normally allow us to move, scientists report in the cover story of the August issue of Nature Medicine. (news-medical.net)
- Stimulate the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (nutrimedical.com)
- Adenosine 5-triphosphate is a well-known extracellular signaling molecule and neurotransmitter recognized to activate purinergic P2X receptors. (careersfromscience.org)
Receptors48
- Methylxanthines (e.g. caffeine found in coffee, theophylline found in tea, or theobromine found in chocolate) have a purine structure and bind to some of the same receptors as adenosine. (wikipedia.org)
- Caffeine has a three-dimensional structure similar to that of adenosine," which allows it to bind and block its receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- Caffeine causes most of its biological effects via antagonizing all types of adenosine receptors (ARs): A1, A2A, A3, and A2B and, as does adenosine, exerts effects on neurons and glial cells of all brain areas. (nih.gov)
- In consequence, caffeine, when acting as an AR antagonist, is doing the opposite of activation of adenosine receptors due to removal of endogenous adenosinergic tonus. (nih.gov)
- Adenosine A 2A receptors are members of the adenosine receptor group of G-protein-coupled receptors that also includes A 1 , A 2B and A 3 . (tocris.com)
- Adenosine is a crucial mediator of altered immune function in cancer as it binds A 2A and A 2B receptors on lymphocytes silencing the antitumor immune response. (tocris.com)
- Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Adenosine A 2A Receptors to showcase our products. (tocris.com)
- a dual inhibitor of adenosine receptors 2A and 2B (A2A/A2B), which aims to treat solid tumors. (bioprocessintl.com)
- Studies suggest that targeting the A2A and A2B receptors in cancers where adenosine is highly expressed could reduce immunosuppression and improve immune response to tumors, potentially reducing cancer progression and improving outcomes for patients. (bioprocessintl.com)
- Compounds that selectively bind to and activate ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS. (umassmed.edu)
- It appears, therefore, that activation of A1 rather than A2 receptors contributed to the sleep effects of the drugs because adenosine and adenosine analogs activate A1 receptors in nanomolar quantities whereas activation of A2 receptors requires micromolar concentration of these compounds. (aspetjournals.org)
- Use of selective adenosine receptor antagonists revealed that adenosine A2(B) receptors (A2(B)R) mediate the early HAS1 induction, whereas late HAS1 induction was mediated via A2(A)R and A3R. (nih.gov)
- 5. We conclude that, using the agents tested, the A2B adenosine receptor cloned from human brain expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells exhibits an identical pharmacological profile to native A2B receptors in guinea-pig brain. (garvan.org.au)
- A valued reader of this site, Rachelle Holmes at Chicago Plastic Surgery Center , wrote to suggest the importance of understanding the adenosine A1 receptors in the mechanism of action of acupuncture for pain management. (thecamreport.com)
- Glucocorticoid receptor activation leads to up-regulation of adenosine A1 receptors and down-regulation of adenosine A2 responses in DDT1 MF-2 smooth muscle cells. (aspetjournals.org)
- The effect of glucocorticoid treatment of DDT1 MF-2 smooth muscle cells on the signaling via two adenosine receptors with opposing actions on cAMP generation was examined. (aspetjournals.org)
- Treatment with dexamethasone caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in the number of adenosine A1 receptors but did not affect the KD or the proportions of receptors in high and low affinity states. (aspetjournals.org)
- In addition, the adenosine A2 receptors were down-regulated, as indicated by the fact that the ability of the A2 receptor agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine to increase cAMP formation was decreased by 20-30% in dexamethasone-treated cells. (aspetjournals.org)
- The function of adenosine is controlled through four G-protein coupled receptors: A 1 , A 2A , A 2B and A 3 . (medscape.com)
- Adenosine receptors are ubiquitous and are activated by different ranges of endogenous adenosine concentrations. (medscape.com)
- A 2 subtypes are cyclic adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-elevating, Gs protein-coupled receptors positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. (medscape.com)
- A multifunctional, ubiquitous molecule, adenosine acts at cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors, as well as numerous enzymes, including protein kinases and adenylyl cyclase. (guidetopharmacology.org)
- Adenosine acts as an activator (agonist) on (purinergic) adenosine receptors throughout the body. (selfhacked.com)
- Four adenosine receptors have been identified (A1, A2a, A2B, and A3), but as a drug, it mainly activates receptors in the so-called cardiac atrioventricular (AV) nodal tissue and those within the blood vessels to achieve its therapeutic effects [ 8 ]. (selfhacked.com)
- H did Powered by the Warsaw Tank book Adenosine receptors in health and disease 2009 of the great 501(c)(3 Corps in Italy during 1944. (stoneriverinc.com)
- book Adenosine receptors communications of drinks! (stoneriverinc.com)
- The book Adenosine receptors in will modify written to organized book email. (stoneriverinc.com)
- Through its receptors, adenosine is able to inhibit the acute inflammatory process, increase the protection capacity of the epithelial barrier, and reduce the damage due to an overactivation of the immune system, such as that occurring in cytokine storms. (uniroma5.it)
- In the NAc, subtypes of dopamine (DA) and adenosine (ADO) receptors are co-localized in distinct subpopulations of neurons where they play antagonistic roles on cellular functioning. (grantome.com)
- Our potent Pan Adenosine receptors fluorescent antagonist shows affinity for hA1, hA2A, hA2B and hA3 Adenosine receptors (Ki =20.9 nM, 171 nM, 44,7nM and 95.2 nM respectively in radioligand binding assays). (celtarys.com)
- Our potent and partially selective hA1 Adenosine receptor fluorescent antagonist shows higher affinity for hA1 (Ki =8.60 nM) compared to hA2A, hA2B and hA3 Adenosine receptors (Ki= 98.38 nM, 72.24 and 231.01 nM respectively in radioligand binding assays). (celtarys.com)
- We hypothesize that both striatal gene induction and catalepsy elicited by haloperidol arise from the combined effect of excitatory adenosinergic and glutamatergic inputs acting at adenosine A(2A) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, respectively. (elsevier.com)
- These results indicate that the haloperidol-induced increases in c-fos and NT gene expression in the dorsolateral striatum and catalepsy are driven largely by adenosine and glutamatergic inputs acting at A(2A) and NMDA receptors. (elsevier.com)
- Chartoff, EH, Ward, RP & Dorsa, DM 1999, ' Role of adenosine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in mediating haloperidol-induced gene expression and catalepsy ', Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol. 291, no. 2, pp. 531-537. (elsevier.com)
- ATP is broken down into adenosine, which binds with receptors on nerve cells. (ibiologia.com)
- However, there are exceptions: One is the discovery that certain drugs that bind to a class of adenosine receptors on neurons (ADORA1) can restore memory in transgenic mice that already have become demented. (curealz.org)
- Researchers use A3 adenosine receptors to activate 'off signals' for chronic pain. (health-innovations.org)
- Objectives Caffeine is extensively consumed as a psychostimulant drug, acting on A1 and A2A adenosine receptors blockade. (edu.br)
- Our goal was to evaluate the effect of chronic caffeine exposure during gestation and breast-feeding in the functionality of adenosine A1 receptors in infant rats at P14. (edu.br)
- Human and animal studies have converged to suggest that caffeine consumption prevents memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer's disease through the antagonism of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). (universiteitleiden.nl)
- We describe here the synthesis and biological activity of new 8-azaadenines bearing both a phenyl group on C(2) and a 9-benzyl group substituted in the ortho position with a Cl or a F atom or a CF3 group, to verify the synergistic effect of a combination of these substitution patterns on binding with the A1 adenosine receptors. (unipi.it)
- Agonists and antagonists of the other types of adenosine receptors had no significant effect. (lih.lu)
- To assess the effects of adenosine A2A receptors on BBB permeability in vitro and in vivo. (tischms.org)
- The involvement of adenosine A 2A receptors in regulating aspects of instrumental response output and behavioral activation may have implications for the treatment of effort-related psychiatric dysfunctions, such as psychomotor slowing and anergia in depression. (elsevier.com)
- Adenosine exerts its effects by interacting with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3, respectively. (indexindex.com)
- Our results showed that adenosine, the endogenous agonist of adenosine receptors, and CPA, a selective agonist of A(1) receptor, decreased the atrial chronotropism of NWR and SHR in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, culminating in cardiac arrest (0 bpm). (unifesp.br)
- Pre-incubation of tissues from both strains with DPCPX, a selective A(1) receptor antagonist, inhibited the negative chronotropic effect of CPA, while simultaneous inhibition of A(2) and A(3) receptors, with ZM241385 and MRS1523, did not change the adenosine chronotropic effects. (unifesp.br)
- These data indicate that the negative chronotropic effect of adenosine in right atrium depends exclusively on the activation of A(1) receptors. (unifesp.br)
Nucleoside13
- Adenosine is one of the four nucleoside building blocks of RNA (and its derivative deoxyadenosine is a building block of DNA), which are essential for all life. (wikipedia.org)
- This is being contended and it is now considered a relative contraindication (however, selective adenosine antagonists are being investigated for use in treatment of asthma) Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that modulates many physiological processes. (wikipedia.org)
- Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside with a short half-life that regulates many physiological functions involving the heart and cardiovascular system. (medscape.com)
- The endogenous, ubiquitous purine-nucleoside adenosine exerts multiple biochemical effects that serve important roles in cardiac and vascular biology. (medscape.com)
- It is inactivated either by extracellular metabolism via adenosine deaminase (also producing ammonia) or, following uptake by nucleoside transporters, via adenosine deaminase or adenosine kinase (requiring ATP as co-substrate). (guidetopharmacology.org)
- Adenosine is a nucleoside consisting of the nitrogenous base adenine and a five-carbon sugar, ribose. (edu.vn)
- Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside occurring in all cells of the body. (medlibrary.org)
- Adenosine Injection is antagonized competitively by methylxanthines such as caffeine and theophylline, and potentiated by blockers of nucleoside transport such as dipyridamole. (medlibrary.org)
- It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. (lmdb.ca)
- While these results place adenosine nucleosidase in the non-specific inosine-uridine nucleoside hydrolases (IU-NH), significant differences in its substrate specificity compared to the lead enzyme of the class, (IU-NH) from Crithidia fasciculata were found. (mtsu.edu)
- Adenosine is nucleoside that is composed of adenine and d-ribose. (ecmdb.ca)
- Adenosine, a naturally produced nucleoside, has been shown to have cardioprotective effects and to inhibit secretion of various cytokines. (lih.lu)
- CBD inhibited adenosine uptake via equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and synergistically enhanced adenosine's TNF-α suppression upon LPS treatment. (thecannabisadvisory.com)
Monophosphate22
- Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is pervasive in signal transduction. (wikipedia.org)
- In some instances, the second phosphate group can also be further broken down to form adenosine monophosphate (AMP) . (nfpt.com)
- The effect of benzo( a )pyrene on the accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in mouse skin in response to isoproterenol has been measured. (aacrjournals.org)
- ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE INJECTION is a potent vasodilator to increase the flow of blood to cardiac and skeletal muscles. (horsemedsupplies.com)
- Actions: ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE INJECTION is used as a potent natural vasodilator which produces a marked increase in blood circulation to both skeletal and cardiac muscles. (horsemedsupplies.com)
- DO NOT administer ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE INJECTION by the intravenous (IV) route under any circumstances. (horsemedsupplies.com)
- Intracellular adenosine is rapidly metabolized either via phosphorylation to adenosine monophosphate by adenosine kinase, or via deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase in the cytosol. (medlibrary.org)
- Adenosine monophosphate formed by phosphorylation of adenosine is incorporated into the high-energy phosphate pool. (medlibrary.org)
- Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. (lmdb.ca)
- The importance of adenyl cyclase and adenosine 3′,5′- monophosphate in the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by adrenocorticosteroids has been tested in HTC cells derived from a rat hepatoma and grown in tissue culture. (wustl.edu)
- Under various experimental conditions, with or without glucocorticoids, neither adenyl cyclase nor cyclic adenosine monophosphate could be detected in HTC cells. (wustl.edu)
- In addition, neither the cyclic nucleotide nor N 6 ,O 2 ′-dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate caused increased activity of the transaminase in HTC cells. (wustl.edu)
- We conclude that induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by glucocorticoids is not mediated by the adenyl cyclase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate system. (wustl.edu)
- The addition or removal of phosphate results in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (ibiologia.com)
- Regulation of renal gluconeogenesis by calcium ions, hormones and adenosine 3': 5'-cyclic monophosphate. (elsevier.com)
- Solanki, V & Murray, A 1982, ' The Effect of Ischemia on Cyclic Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Accumulation in Mouse Skin ', Journal of Investigative Dermatology , vol. 78, pp. 48-51. (edu.au)
- We have induced and controlled normal aggregation of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebas by electrophoretic release of pulses of cyclic adenosine monophosphate from a microelectrode. (princeton.edu)
- Norepinephrine activated adenylate cyclase through β -adrenoceptors, thereby significantly increased the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which enhanced the analgesic activity of MA [ 25 , 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Cells were harvested and then analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to measure the quantity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α ( AMPK-α ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-β ( C/EBPβ ), G protein-coupled receptor 41 ( GPR41 ), GPR43 , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ( PPARγ ), and stearoyl CoA desaturase ( SCD ) mRNA relative to ribosomal protein subunit 9 ( RPS9 ). (animbiosci.org)
- The impact of Cr source on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity has also been reported in vitro and in vivo [ 12 ]. (animbiosci.org)
- Schramm, VL & Fullin, FA 1978, ' Kinetics of adenosine monophosphate nucleosidase inactivation by phosphate and protection by substrate and allosteric activator ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 253, no. 7, pp. 2161-2167. (elsevier.com)
- Activating Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Mediates Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Protection From Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. (amedeo.com)
Kinase10
- New findings, needed for more effective therapeutic approaches, require consideration of redundant pathways controlling intratumoral adenosine levels, including the alternative NAD-inactivating pathway through the CD38-ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase (ENPP)1-CD73 axis, the counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathway, and cellular adenosine uptake and its phosphorylation by adenosine kinase. (utu.fi)
- A study led by Texas A&M AgriLife Research provides compelling evidence of the important role of hepatocyte adenosine kinase in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD. (gleetune.com)
- Since adenosine kinase has a lower K m and V max than adenosine deaminase, deamination plays a significant role only when cytosolic adenosine saturates the phosphorylation pathway. (medlibrary.org)
- The study, "Hepatocyte Adenosine Kinase Promotes Excessive Fat Deposition and Liver Inflammation," appeared in September in the journal Gastroenterology . (loire-net.tv)
- An important player in the proper function of hepatocytes is an enzyme called adenosine kinase, ADK. (loire-net.tv)
- The research demonstrated that hepatocyte adenosine kinase promotes excessive fat deposition and liver inflammation and is a key factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease," he said. (loire-net.tv)
- If further research validates the effects of dietary components on inhibiting adenosine kinase in hepatocytes, scientists could develop new approaches for managing this disease. (loire-net.tv)
- Wu said the new study strongly indicates that an unhealthy diet, such as a diet with enriched saturated fatty acids, has a stimulatory effect on increasing the adenosine kinase protein amount in the liver. (loire-net.tv)
- The inhibition of MMP-9 secretion by adenosine, as well as the calcium effect, was prevented by the protein kinase A inhibitor H-89. (lih.lu)
- Structure of human adenosine kinase at 1.5 A resolution. (expasy.org)
Metabolism8
- dipyridamole increases levels of adenosine by decreasing metabolism. (medscape.com)
- This review provides a holistic view of extracellular and intracellular adenosine metabolism as an integrated complex network and summarizes recent data on the underlying mechanisms through which adenosine and its precursors ATP and ADP control cancer immunosurveillance, tumor angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, cancer-associated thrombosis, blood flow, and tumor perfusion. (utu.fi)
- SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The discovery of the role of adenosine as immune checkpoint regulator in cancer has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting extracellular adenosine metabolism and signaling in multiple clinical trials and preclinical models. (utu.fi)
- The authors concluded, "These observations indicate that adenosine mediates the effects of acupuncture and that interfering with adenosine metabolism may prolong the clinical benefit of acupuncture. (thecamreport.com)
- Extracellular adenosine is thought to be produced either by export or by metabolism, predominantly through ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity (also producing inorganic phosphate). (guidetopharmacology.org)
- Adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells. (luxist.com)
- Here, we investigated the hypothesis that the activation of the low-affinity adenosine receptor, the A2B receptor (A(2B)R), promotes glucose uptake in neurons and astrocytes, thereby linking brain activity with energy metabolism. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
- Adenosine is the final product of ATP metabolism, mainly derived from the action of 5'- nucleotidase cleavage of AMP. (unina.it)
Role of adenosine1
- The goal of this study is to determine the role of adenosine signaling in retinal inflammation and its potential modulation by CBD. (thecannabisadvisory.com)
Pathway5
- Portage Biotech will gain four assets targeting various aspects of the adenosine pathway through the acquisition of Tarus Therapeutics. (bioprocessintl.com)
- According to Portage, the ability to evaluate all four investigational drugs alone or together will establish the best patient populations and oncology/non-oncology settings to make use of the adenosine pathway. (bioprocessintl.com)
- Our four newly acquired assets from Tarus Therapeutics will enable a comprehensive exploration of how targeting different aspects of the adenosine pathway could improve response in multiple cancer and non-cancer indications," said Walters. (bioprocessintl.com)
- Therefore, the adenosine pathway becomes an important therapeutic target to improve the effectiveness of immune therapies. (utu.fi)
- KSHV relies on manipulating the host cell N6-methyl adenosine (m6A) RNA modification pathway to enhance virus replication. (cam.ac.uk)
Intravenous9
- Of these, 534 received intravenous adenosine 20 minutes after PVI to determine whether dormant PV conduction remained. (medscape.com)
- If one intravenous line is used, take care to inject the radiopharmaceutical slowly because a bolus or any forceful injection will cause an abrupt increase in the infusion rate of the adenosine running through the same line. (medscape.com)
- Adenosine is used as an intravenous medication for some cardiac arrhythmias. (wikipedia.org)
- Adenosine Injection is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution for rapid bolus intravenous injection. (medlibrary.org)
- The intravenous bolus dose of 6 or 12 mg adenosine injection usually has no systemic hemodynamic effects. (medlibrary.org)
- A cumulative 60% of patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia had converted to normal sinus rhythm within one minute after an intravenous bolus dose of 6 mg adenosine injection (some converted on 3 mg and failures were given 6 mg), and a cumulative 92% converted after a bolus dose of 12 mg. (medlibrary.org)
- Intravenous adenosine injection is indicated for the following. (medlibrary.org)
- After 12 weeks, cardiac electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) was performed before and during intravenous infusion of adenosine, and myocardial perfusion (ml/min per g) and coronary microvascular permeability index (arbitrary units) were calculated. (elsevier.com)
- Adenosine InjectionUSP is AP-rated to AdenocardIV Injection (King PharmaceuticalsResearch and Development Inc). Theproduct should be given as a rapidbolus by the peripheral intravenous(IV) route. (pharmacytimes.com)
Subtypes4
- Cellular signaling by adenosine occurs through four known adenosine receptor subtypes (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3). (wikipedia.org)
- Our potent and selective hA3 Adenosine receptor fluorescent antagonist shows a high affinity and selectivity for hA3 receptor over the other receptor subtypes (Ki =6.13 nM for A3 receptor in radioligand binding assay). (celtarys.com)
- There is high interest in the development of potent and selective ligands for these adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes, primarily for their therapeutic potential but also as pharmacological tools in receptor studies. (indexindex.com)
- The adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes expressed in rat retinal microglial cells was assessed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. (thecannabisadvisory.com)
Molecule8
- Adenosine is a naturally occurring extracellular signaling molecule that facilitates essential functions in human biology and physiology. (nfpt.com)
- When a cell needs energy, it breaks this bond to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule. (nfpt.com)
- The reason that these bonds are considered "high-energy" is because the products of such bond breaking-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and one inorganic phosphate group (P i )-have considerably lower free energy than the reactants: ATP and a water molecule. (edu.vn)
- CP hands over its extra phosphate molecule to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thus regenerating ATP. (ibiologia.com)
- ATP (Adenosine tri-phosphate) is an important molecule found in all living things. (kitabdukan.com)
- Adenosine acts as a regulatory signaling molecule in other areas of the nervous system, so the team hypothesized that A3AR might also play a role in regulating pain signals during pain processing. (health-innovations.org)
- a phosphate group is transferred to another molecule in a process called phosphorylation, and ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). (cosmosmagazine.com)
- Adenosine is a multi-tasking, high-energy molecule that exists naturally in our bodies. (aceology.com)
Agonist12
- Ex Vivo Perfusion With Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist Enhances Rehabilitation of Murine Donor Lungs After Circulatory Death. (umassmed.edu)
- Ex vivo lung perfusion with adenosine A2A receptor agonist allows prolonged cold preservation of lungs donated after cardiac death. (umassmed.edu)
- The adenosine receptor agonist NECA (10 μM) caused a strong induction of HA synthase (HAS)1 at 6 h and a weaker induction again after 24 h. (nih.gov)
- Direct injection of an adenosine A1 receptor agonist mimicked the pain relieving effect of acupuncture. (thecamreport.com)
- 1 The effects of seven agonist and three antagonist adenosine receptor ligands were compared on the guinea-pig sinoatrial (SA) node (isolated right atrium) and atrioventricular (AV) node (perfused whole heart). (uu.nl)
- 4 The agonist potency and antagonist affinity data obtained are consistent with previous findings showing that the AV and SA node data are pharmacologically indistinguishable and belong to the adenosine A1-receptor class. (uu.nl)
- Capadenoson (BAY 68-4986) is a new adenosine A1 receptor agonist. (mosdj.com)
- The effect of adenosine was mimicked by the adenosine A2a receptor agonist CGS21680 and was inhibited by both the A2a antagonist SCH5826 and A2a RNA silencing. (lih.lu)
- The effect of GR190178, a selective low-efficacy adenosine A1 receptor agonist, on the treatment of neuropathic hyperalgesia in the rat. (ox.ac.uk)
- Adenosine A2A Receptor Agonist, 2-p-(2-Carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride hydrate (CGS21680), Inhibits Inflammation and Increases Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF-2) Tissue Expression in Carrageenan Induced Rat Paw Edema. (unina.it)
- The purpose of the present work was to investigate on the antinflammatory effect of systemic administration of the adenosine A2A agonist, 2-p-(2- Carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride hydrate (CGS21680), in the rat model of carrageenan-induced paw edema. (unina.it)
- NIDDK announces the availability of a highly selective A1 adenosine receptor (AR) agonist. (nih.gov)
Effect of adenosine2
- Unlike dipyridamole, the effect of adenosine dissipates promptly with discontinuation of the infusion. (medscape.com)
- The aim of our study was to determine the effect of adenosine on the secretion of MMP-9 by neutrophils. (lih.lu)
Response to adenosine2
- The aim of this study was to examine the regulation and function of HA matrix in response to adenosine in human coronary artery SMC (HCASMC). (nih.gov)
- The response to adenosine in JET is a temporary loss of conduction to the atria leading to continuation of the tachycardia but with atrioventricular dissociation. (wikipedia.org)
Injection16
- Tips for Trainers: Use ADENOSINE INJECTION in combination with Racehorse Meds B12 with Phosphorous Injection 24 hours and again 4-6 hours pre-event, to improve blood and nutrient supply to hard working muscles. (horsemedsupplies.com)
- Each mL contains 3 mg adenosine and 9 mg sodium chloride in Water for Injection. (medlibrary.org)
- Adenosine Injection slows conduction time through the A-V node, can interrupt the reentry pathways through the A-V node, and can restore normal sinus rhythm in patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), including PSVT associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. (medlibrary.org)
- Adenosine Injection is not blocked by atropine. (medlibrary.org)
- As adenosine injection requires no hepatic or renal function for its activation or inactivation, hepatic and renal failure would not be expected to alter its effectiveness or tolerability. (medlibrary.org)
- Valsalva maneuver), should be attempted prior to adenosine injection administration. (medlibrary.org)
- It is important to be sure the adenosine injection solution actually reaches the systemic circulation (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).Adenosine Injection does not convert atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia to normal sinus rhythm. (medlibrary.org)
- Adenosine Injection exerts its effect by decreasing conduction through the A-V node and may produce a short lasting first-, second- or third-degree heart block. (medlibrary.org)
- The recommended adenosine injection dose is 0.14 mg/kg/min infused over six minutes (total dose of 0.84 mg/kg) ( Table 1 ). (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Visually inspect adenosine injection for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Do not administer adenosine injection if it contains particulate matter or is discolored. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- There are no data on the safety or efficacy of alternative adenosine injection infusion protocols. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- The safety and efficacy of adenosine injection administered by the intracoronary route have not been established. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Adenosine Injection is indicated as an adjunct to thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients unable to exercise adequately. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Adenosine Injection USPis available in a 2-mL, 3-mg/mL prefilledsyringe and in 3-mg/mL, 2-mL, and4-mL injectable single-dose vials. (pharmacytimes.com)
- L'agrégation plaquettaire induite par le collagène dans des échantillons de plasma riche en plaquettes de 14 lapins sains a été mesurée par turbidimétrie en utilisant un agrégomètre, avant et une heure après une injection intra- veineuse d'alun. (who.int)
Cyclic Adenosine1
- An approach to a carbocyclic analogue of cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose. (ox.ac.uk)
Extracellular adenosine2
- While extracellular adenosine is primarily cleared by cellular uptake with a half-life of less than 10 seconds in whole blood, excessive amounts may be deaminated by an ecto-form of adenosine deaminase. (medlibrary.org)
- ATP consumption during intense neuronal activity leads to peaks of both extracellular adenosine levels and increased glucose uptake in the brain. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Antagonists on operant behavior1
- However, little is known about the effects of selective adenosine antagonists on operant behavior when these drugs are administered alone. (elsevier.com)
Exerts1
- [ 1-3 ] Adenosine is known to regulate myocardial and coronary circulatory functions and exerts potent vasodilatory effects in most vascular beds of mammalian species. (medscape.com)
Cardiac3
- Because of its potent vasodilation effect on cardiac muscles, adenosine is effective in the treatment and prevention of heart strain and exercise induced changes in horses. (horsemedsupplies.com)
- Therefore, herein, we evaluated whether modifications of adenosine receptor signaling may contribute to the cardiac dysfunction observed in hypertension. (unifesp.br)
- Isolated right atria from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) or normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) were used to investigate the influence of adenosine receptor signaling cascade in the cardiac chronotropism. (unifesp.br)
Deficiency7
- Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) deficiency is a disorder characterized by abnormal inflammation of various tissues. (medlineplus.gov)
- Meyts I, Aksentijevich I. Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 (DADA2): Updates on the Phenotype, Genetics, Pathogenesis, and Treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- Adenosine Deaminase (ADA)-Deficient Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID) in the US Immunodeficiency Network (USIDNet) Registry. (duke.edu)
- 1. Treatment with autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transduced with human ADA via a lentiviral vector showed sustained ADA expression in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency from adenosine deaminase deficiency. (2minutemedicine.com)
- Reports and Data has recently published a new research report on Global Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency Market that covers current development scenario and emerging trends of the market. (icrowdnewswire.com)
- The report applies advanced statistical tools such as Porter's Five Forces analysis and SWOT analysis to shed light on the competitive landscape of the global Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency market. (icrowdnewswire.com)
- The report covers all the critical and essential information relating to the global Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency market which helps the readers and clients gain a thorough understanding of the market. (icrowdnewswire.com)
Caffeine2
- Caffeine acts by blocking binding of adenosine to the adenosine A1 receptor, which enhances release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (wikipedia.org)
- Methods: Six drugs were tested: two nonselective adenosine antagonists (caffeine and theophylline), two adenosine A 1 antagonists (DPCPX and CPT), and two adenosine A 2A antagonists (istradefylline (KW6002) and MSX-3). (elsevier.com)
Antiarrhythmic5
- Because of the effects of adenosine on AV node-dependent SVTs, adenosine is considered a class V antiarrhythmic agent. (wikipedia.org)
- Adenosine is not chemically related to other antiarrhythmic drugs. (medlibrary.org)
- Adenosine is classified as a miscellaneous antiarrhythmic drug. (selfhacked.com)
- Unlike adenosine, other drugs for treating arrhythmias are categorized under classes I to IV of antiarrhythmic agents (Vaughan-Williams classification scheme) [ 8 ]. (selfhacked.com)
- Our aim was to investigate the combined therapeutic effect of two common antiarrhythmic compounds, adenosine and lidocaine (AL), on mortality, arrhythmia frequency and duration, and infarct size in the rat model of regional ischemia. (edu.au)
Inhibition2
- Inhibition of enzymes involved in adenosine degradation increased the acupuncture-elicited increase in adenosine, as well as its anti-pain effect. (thecamreport.com)
- These results suggest that the activated A 2A AR in the retinal microglial cells plays a major role in anti-inflammation in the retina, and that CBD anti-inflammatory effects are linked to adenosine uptake inhibition. (thecannabisadvisory.com)
Enzyme called adenosine1
- This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called adenosine deaminase 2. (medlineplus.gov)
Increase adenosine levels2
- Various popular training methods, such as cycling and interval training, may increase adenosine levels and thereby might enhance the response of adenosine-influenced adaptive mechanisms. (nfpt.com)
- The vasodilatory effect of GLP-1 is not abolished by theophylline and GLP-1 does not increase adenosine levels, indicating an adenosine-independent mechanism of GLP-1 coronary vasodilatation. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein4
- Adenosine A1 and A2A receptor regulation of protein phosphatase 2A in the murine heart. (umassmed.edu)
- Adenosine A2A receptor stimulation increases angiogenesis by down-regulating production of the antiangiogenic matrix protein thrombospondin 1. (umassmed.edu)
- To test if A2AR activation in the hippocampus is actually sufficient to impair memory function and to begin elucidating the intracellular pathways operated by A2AR, we have developed a chimeric rhodopsin-A2AR protein (optoA2AR), which retains the extracellular and transmembrane domains of rhodopsin (conferring light responsiveness and eliminating adenosine-binding pockets) fused to the intracellular loop of A2AR to confer specific A2AR signaling. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- Moreover, 1 mu g/ml pertussis toxin, which inactivates the G alpha i protein subunit, reduced by 80% the negative chronotropic effects of adenosine in the NWR atrium, with minor effects in SHR tissue. (unifesp.br)
Potent1
- Our potent and selective hA2A Adenosine receptor fluorescent ligand shows high affinity and selectivity for hA2A receptor (Ki =8.35 nM for hA2A receptor in radioligand binding assay). (celtarys.com)
Pathways4
- Of the 534 patients who received adenosine during the 20-minute period, 284 patients were identified as having dormant PV-conduction pathways. (medscape.com)
- There was no difference in the complication rates among those undergoing adenosine-guided ablation of identified pathways. (medscape.com)
- The total follow-up included 401 patients, including the 117 patients without any adenosine-identified dormant conduction pathways. (medscape.com)
- Through modulation of forward and reverse cholesterol transport pathways, adenosine can improve cholesterol balance and thereby protect macrophages from lipid overload and foam cell transformation. (medscape.com)
Levels of adenosine1
- sevelamer decreases levels of adenosine by increasing elimination. (medscape.com)
Release of adenosine1
- A 2A receptor agonists are the focus of efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to develop new cardiovascular therapies, and pharmacological actions of the atheroprotective and anti-inflammatory drug methotrexate are mediated via release of adenosine and activation of the A 2A receptor. (medscape.com)
Function of adenosine1
- Thus, in regard to stress or injury, the function of adenosine is primarily that of cytoprotection preventing tissue damage during instances of hypoxia, ischemia, and seizure activity. (wikipedia.org)
Suggest that adenosine2
- In conclusion, the current data suggest that adenosine via adenosine A2(B)R and A2(A)R/A3R induces HAS1. (nih.gov)
- Conclusions: These results suggest that adenosine A 2A antagonists enhance operant response rates, but A 1 antagonists do not. (elsevier.com)
Theophylline3
- For a stress/rest protocol, adenosine does not require reversal, whereas dipyridamole requires theophylline administration to assure prompt reversal of its stress effects. (medscape.com)
- The recommended dose may be increased in patients on theophylline since methylxanthines prevent binding of adenosine at receptor sites. (wikipedia.org)
- theophylline decreases effects of adenosine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
Effects16
- For patients who are able, combined low-level treadmill exercise during adenosine infusion has been demonstrated in several reports to be associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of adverse effects (eg, flushing, nausea, headache). (medscape.com)
- The dose is often decreased in patients on dipyridamole (Persantine) and diazepam (Valium) because adenosine potentiates the effects of these drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- Methylxanthines act as competitive antagonists of adenosine and can blunt its pharmacological effects. (wikipedia.org)
- green tea decreases effects of adenosine by unspecified interaction mechanism. (medscape.com)
- hawthorn increases effects of adenosine by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)
- nicotine inhaled increases effects of adenosine by unknown mechanism. (medscape.com)
- From providing the backbone for basic energy transfer to its role in cell signaling, adenosine has such far-reaching effects as inducing vasodilation, regulating activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and reducing blood pressure and heart rate. (nfpt.com)
- The effects of N6-L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine, cyclohexyladenosine and adenosine-5'-N-ethylcarboxamide on sleep were examined in rats. (aspetjournals.org)
- These effects consist of 1) increased slow-wave sleep2 from 6.6 to 45.7%, in all doses used for cyclohexyladenosine and adenosine-5'-N-ethylcarboxamide and for 0.1 and 0.3 mumol/kg of N6-L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine and 2) increased values for rapid-eye-movement-sleep, amounting to 56.2 and 51.6% for 0.1 mumol/kg of cyclohexyl-adenosine and 0.3 mumol/kg of N6-L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine, respectively. (aspetjournals.org)
- Of these four, it is the A 2A receptor that is in a large part responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine as well as defense against excess cholesterol accumulation. (medscape.com)
- Also relevant are anti-platelet agents that decrease platelet activation and adhesion and reduce thrombotic occlusion of atherosclerotic arteries by antagonizing adenosine diphosphate-mediated effects on the P2Y12 receptor. (medscape.com)
- The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of adenosine on cell types found in the arterial wall that are involved in atherosclerosis, to describe use of adenosine and its receptor ligands to limit excess cholesterol accumulation and to explore clinically applied anti-platelet effects. (medscape.com)
- Rationale: Adenosine A 2A antagonists can reverse many of the behavioral effects of dopamine antagonists, including actions on instrumental behavior. (elsevier.com)
- Objective: The present studies were undertaken to investigate the potential for rate-dependent stimulant effects of both selective and nonselective adenosine antagonists. (elsevier.com)
- Enzyme kinetic measurements of the effects of actin on the heavy meromyosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) are used for a study of the binding of heavy meromyosin to actin. (nebraska.edu)
- The A2A receptor (A2AR) plays a central role in many antiinflammatory effects of adenosine. (elsevier.com)
Inosine3
- Inosine formed by deamination of adenosine can leave the cell intact or can be degraded to hypoxanthine, xanthine, and ultimately uric acid. (medlibrary.org)
- Reduced adenosine-to-inosine miR-455-5p editing promotes melanoma growth and metastasis. (phalanxbiotech.com)
- Regioselective bisphosphorylation of the primary 5'-hydroxyl groups leads to a carbocyclic, inosine analogue of seco adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose(3). (ox.ac.uk)
Triphosphatase1
- Is the Subject Area "Adenosine triphosphatase" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Dipyridamole1
- Dipyridamole potentiates the action of adenosine, requiring the use of lower doses. (wikipedia.org)
Uptake4
- Intravenously administered adenosine is rapidly cleared from the circulation via cellular uptake, primarily by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. (medlibrary.org)
- Adenosine A2B receptor activation stimulates glucose uptake in the mouse forebrain. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
- Finally, incubation of hippocampal, frontocortical, or striatal slices of C57Bl/6j mice at 37 °C, with either MRS1754 (200 nM) or adenosine deaminase (3 U/mL) significantly reduced glucose uptake. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
- Adenosine uptake and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release in cells or in retinas were determined. (thecannabisadvisory.com)
Therapeutic2
- Such properties are some of the reasons why adenosine and its derivatives are implemented in many therapeutic areas. (nfpt.com)
- Here we identify major gaps in knowledge that need to be filled to improve the therapeutic gain from agents targeting key components of the adenosine metabolic network and, on this basis, provide a holistic view of the cancer purinome as a complex and integrated network. (utu.fi)
Ribose2
- Researchers discovered compounds able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 macrodomain 1 and adenosine diphosphate-ribose binding via high throughput screening. (news-medical.net)
- Adenosine is produced by the condensation of ribose and adenine biochemically or by fermentation. (thermofisher.com)
Intracellular adenosine1
- Intracellular adenosine may be produced by cytosolic 5'-nucleotidases or through S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (also producing L-homocysteine ). (guidetopharmacology.org)
Derivatives2
- Adenosine (symbol A) is an organic compound that occurs widely in nature in the form of diverse derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
- Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. (ecmdb.ca)
Infusion2
- The use of adenosine requires an infusion pump that delivers the dose (140 mcg/kg/min) over a 6-minute period. (medscape.com)
- When larger doses are given by infusion, adenosine decreases blood pressure by decreasing peripheral resistance. (medlibrary.org)
Enzymes2
- The KsgA enzymes are homologous to another family of RNA methyltransferases, the Erm enzymes, which methylate a single adenosine base in 23S rRNA and confer resistance to the MLS-B group of antibiotics. (rcsb.org)
- Special attention is given to differences and commonalities in the purinome of different cancers, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, subcellular compartmentalization of the adenosine system, and novel roles of purine-converting enzymes as targets for cancer therapy. (utu.fi)
NECA2
- 3. Of these agents, NECA was observed to exhibit the greatest intrinsic activity in CHO.A2B4 cells (ca. 10 fold stimulation of cyclic AMP), while, in comparison, maximal responses to adenosine (32% NECA response), 2-chloroadenosine (61%), and APNEA (73%) were reduced. (garvan.org.au)
- Adenosine and/or NECA curves were obtained in the absence and presence of the antagonists 8-cyclopentyl-l,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), 9-chloro-2-(2-furany1)-5,6- dihydro-l ,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-imine (CGS 15943) and N6-(endonorbornan-2-yl)-9-methyladenine (N-0861). (uu.nl)
IMSEAR at SEARO2
Supraventricular tachycardia2
- In individuals with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), adenosine is used to help identify and convert the rhythm. (wikipedia.org)
- Adenosine is used to treat certain types of irregular heartbeat called paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia or SVT [ 13 ]. (selfhacked.com)
Myocardial3
- Adenosine is used as an adjunct to thallium (TI 201) or technetium (Tc99m) myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (nuclear stress test) in patients unable to undergo adequate stress testing with exercise. (wikipedia.org)
- Conclusions: Resting and hyperaemic myocardial perfusion using a normalised upslope analysis during adenosine CMR is a highly reproducible technique in patients with NIDCM. (datadryad.org)
- Therefore, adenosine may represent a new approach to prevent matrix degradation and remodeling after myocardial injury. (lih.lu)
Concentrations1
- CD39 and CD73 are ectonucleotidases that convert ATP to adenosine, elevating concentrations of adenosine locally. (tocris.com)
Drugs1
- The results indicate that the effect on sleep of all three adenosine analogs was obtained with nanomolar doses of the drugs and that it diminished or disappeared when the drug dose reached micromolar range (0.9 mumol/kg). (aspetjournals.org)
Dose3
- Only 0.9-mumol/kg dose of cyclohexyladenosine and N6-L-(phenylisopropyl)adenosine increased wakefulness and decreased total sleep, whereas the same dose of adenosine-5'-N-ethylcarboxamide increased total sleep during the 0- to 3-hr time interval. (aspetjournals.org)
- Take adenosine as recommended and do not change its dose and frequency or stop taking it without your doctor's approval. (selfhacked.com)
- The effect was dose-dependent and was not specific to fMLP because adenosine also inhibited MMP-9 secretion by LPS- or H2O2-stimulated neutrophils. (lih.lu)
Cellular1
- Cellular production of adenosine is greatly enhanced in inflamed tissues, ischemic tissues and under hypoxia, where ATP is released from damaged cells. (unina.it)