Adenoma islet cell. Medical search

A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.

A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.

The transference of pancreatic islets within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

A primary malignant neoplasm of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the non-INSULIN-producing cell types, the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS) in GLUCAGONOMA and SOMATOSTATINOMA, respectively.

A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)

An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.

A type of pancreatic cell representing about 50-80% of the islet cells. Beta cells secrete INSULIN.

A benign neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is characterized by a well-defined nodular lesion, usually less than 2.5 cm. Most adrenocortical adenomas are nonfunctional. The functional ones are yellow and contain LIPIDS. Depending on the cell type or cortical zone involved, they may produce ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE.

A pancreatic beta-cell hormone that is co-secreted with INSULIN. It displays an anorectic effect on nutrient metabolism by inhibiting gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying and postprandial GLUCAGON secretion. Islet amyloid polypeptide can fold into AMYLOID FIBRILS that have been found as a major constituent of pancreatic AMYLOID DEPOSITS.

A benign epithelial tumor of the LIVER.

A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.

A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.

A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)

A type of pancreatic cell representing about 5-20% of the islet cells. Alpha cells secrete GLUCAGON.

A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.

A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

An almost always malignant GLUCAGON-secreting tumor derived from the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS. It is characterized by a distinctive migratory ERYTHEMA; WEIGHT LOSS; STOMATITIS; GLOSSITIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; hypoaminoacidemia; and normochromic normocytic ANEMIA.

A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, and other organs. SRIF can also inhibit the release of THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; and GLUCAGON besides acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In a number of species including humans, there is an additional form of somatostatin, SRIF-28 with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal.

A pituitary tumor that secretes GROWTH HORMONE. In humans, excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE leads to ACROMEGALY.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.

Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.

A pituitary adenoma which secretes ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN, leading to CUSHING DISEASE.

Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.

A 36-amino acid pancreatic hormone that is secreted mainly by endocrine cells found at the periphery of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS and adjacent to cells containing SOMATOSTATIN and GLUCAGON. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), when administered peripherally, can suppress gastric secretion, gastric emptying, pancreatic enzyme secretion, and appetite. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been associated with OBESITY in rats and mice.

A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.

Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals.

A pituitary adenoma which secretes PROLACTIN, leading to HYPERPROLACTINEMIA. Clinical manifestations include AMENORRHEA; GALACTORRHEA; IMPOTENCE; HEADACHE; visual disturbances; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA.

A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the alpha-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on L-cysteate, L-cysteine sulfinate, and L-aspartate. EC 4.1.1.15.

Antibodies specific to INSULIN.

Endocrine cells found throughout the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and in islets of the PANCREAS. D cells secrete SOMATOSTATIN that acts in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin acts on a variety of tissues including the PITUITARY GLAND; gastrointestinal tract; pancreas; and KIDNEY by inhibiting the release of hormones, such as GROWTH HORMONE; GASTRIN; INSULIN; and RENIN.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

A small tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland whose cells stain with basic dyes. It may give rise to excessive secretion of ACTH, resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A strain of non-obese diabetic mice developed in Japan that has been widely studied as a model for T-cell-dependent autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in which insulitis is a major histopathologic feature, and in which genetic susceptibility is strongly MHC-linked.

Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Glucose in blood.

A pancreatic polypeptide of about 110 amino acids, depending on the species, that is the precursor of insulin. Proinsulin, produced by the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, is comprised sequentially of the N-terminal B-chain, the proteolytically removable connecting C-peptide, and the C-terminal A-chain. It also contains three disulfide bonds, two between A-chain and B-chain. After cleavage at two locations, insulin and C-peptide are the secreted products. Intact proinsulin with low bioactivity also is secreted in small amounts.

Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.

A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain an extracellular RDGS-adhesion recognition motif and a single cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphate domain.

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

Peptide hormones secreted into the blood by cells in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS of the pancreas. The alpha cells secrete glucagon; the beta cells secrete insulin; the delta cells secrete somatostatin; and the PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.

The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).

A strain of Rattus norvegicus which is a model for spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN-DEPENDENT).

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.

Tumor suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of human chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI) and GARDNER SYNDROME, as well as some sporadic colorectal cancers.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

A general term collectively applied to tumors associated with the APUD CELLS series, irrespective of their specific identification.

Cell surface proteins that bind somatostatin and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Somatostatin is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Activated somatostatin receptors on pituitary cells inhibit the release of growth hormone; those on endocrine and gastrointestinal cells regulate the absorption and utilization of nutrients; and those on neurons mediate somatostatin's role as a neurotransmitter.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.

A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.

Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.

A tumor that secretes VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE, a neuropeptide that causes VASODILATION; relaxation of smooth muscles; watery DIARRHEA; HYPOKALEMIA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. Vipomas, derived from the pancreatic ISLET CELLS, generally are malignant and can secrete other hormones. In most cases, Vipomas are located in the PANCREAS but can be found in extrapancreatic sites.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.

In vivo method of screening investigative anticancer drugs and biologic response modifiers for individual cancer patients. Fresh tumor tissue is implanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompetent mice or rats; gross and histological assessments follow several days after tumor treatment in situ.

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)

Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.

A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.

Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

A fibrous protein complex that consists of proteins folded into a specific cross beta-pleated sheet structure. This fibrillar structure has been found as an alternative folding pattern for a variety of functional proteins. Deposits of amyloid in the form of AMYLOID PLAQUES are associated with a variety of degenerative diseases. The amyloid structure has also been found in a number of functional proteins that are unrelated to disease.

Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.

A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME.

A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat hormone-secreting tumors; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC; HYPERINSULINISM; hypergastrinemia; and small bowel fistula.

Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.

Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.

Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

An irregular unpaired bone situated at the SKULL BASE and wedged between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones (FRONTAL BONE; TEMPORAL BONE; OCCIPITAL BONE). Sphenoid bone consists of a median body and three pairs of processes resembling a bat with spread wings. The body is hollowed out in its inferior to form two large cavities (SPHENOID SINUS).

Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Secretory cells of the ductless glands. They secrete HORMONES directly into the blood circulation (internal secretion) to be carried to the target cells. The secreted chemicals can be PEPTIDES; STEROIDS; NEUROPEPTIDES; or BIOGENIC AMINES.

Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.

A subfamily of HELIX-TURN-HELIX DNA-binding proteins that contain a variable length loop adjacent to the HTH motif. The loop connects two anti-parallel strands and forms a wing when bound to DNA.

A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.

A glucose transport facilitator that is expressed primarily in PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; LIVER; and KIDNEYS. It may function as a GLUCOSE sensor to regulate INSULIN release and glucose HOMEOSTASIS.

A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. They play important roles in the aggregation, packaging, sorting, and processing of secretory protein prior to secretion. They are cleaved to release biologically active peptides. There are various types of granins, usually classified by their sources.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and D-glucose to ADP and D-glucose 6-phosphate. They are found in invertebrates and microorganisms, and are highly specific for glucose. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.2.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.

The transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.

A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.

Tumors or cancer of the DUODENUM.

A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that includes two distinctive targeting motifs; an N-terminal motif specific for the INSULIN RECEPTOR, and a C-terminal motif specific for the SH3 domain containing proteins. This subtype includes a hydrophobic domain which localizes it to the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period of time; usually applies to those substances which are formed by glandular tissues and are released by them into biological fluids, e.g., secretory rate of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, secretory rate of gastric acid by the gastric mucosa.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A SOMATOSTATIN-secreting tumor derived from the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS). It is also found in the INTESTINE. Somatostatinomas are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS; CHOLELITHIASIS; STEATORRHEA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. The majority of somatostatinomas have the potential for METASTASIS.

Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.

The process by which organs are kept viable outside of the organism from which they were removed (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.

Transplantation between animals of different species.

A group of islet cells (10-35%) which secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE, a hormone that regulates APPETITE and FOOD INTAKE.

The major component (about 80%) of the PANCREAS composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as TRYPSINOGEN; LIPASE; AMYLASE; and RIBONUCLEASE. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the DUODENUM.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A bony prominence situated on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. It houses the PITUITARY GLAND.

A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the sigmoid flexure.

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

The common precursor polypeptide of pancreatic GLUCAGON and intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Proglucagon is the 158-amino acid segment of preproglucagon without the N-terminal signal sequence. Proglucagon is expressed in the PANCREAS; INTESTINES; and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Posttranslational processing of proglucagon is tissue-specific yielding numerous bioactive peptides.

Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.

INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Substances which lower blood glucose levels.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.

A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.

The sudden loss of blood supply to the PITUITARY GLAND, leading to tissue NECROSIS and loss of function (PANHYPOPITUITARISM). The most common cause is hemorrhage or INFARCTION of a PITUITARY ADENOMA. It can also result from acute hemorrhage into SELLA TURCICA due to HEAD TRAUMA; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; or other acute effects of central nervous system hemorrhage. Clinical signs include severe HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; bilateral visual disturbances; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; and COMA.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

A subclass of LIM domain proteins that include an additional centrally-located homeodomain region that binds AT-rich sites on DNA. Many LIM-homeodomain proteins play a role as transcriptional regulators that direct cell fate.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions.

A generic name for film produced from wood pulp by the viscose process. It is a thin, transparent sheeting of regenerated cellulose, moisture-proof and sometimes dyed, and used chiefly as food wrapping or as bags for dialysis. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Cells with the capacity to take up and decarboxylate the amine precursors DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE or 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN. This is a property of endocrine cells of neural and non-neural origin. APUDOMA is a general term collectively applied to tumors associated with APUD cells.

Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.

The proteinaceous component of the pancreatic stone in patients with PANCREATITIS.

An inherited autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by the disorganized formation of new islets in the PANCREAS and CONGENITAL HYPERINSULINISM. It is due to focal hyperplasia of pancreatic ISLET CELLS budding off from the ductal structures and forming new islets of Langerhans. Mutations in the islet cells involve the potassium channel gene KCNJ11 or the ATP-binding cassette transporter gene ABCC8, both on CHROMOSOME 11.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type.

The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).

A negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling which is mutant in ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI and GARDNER SYNDROME.

Excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.

Hard or soft soluble containers used for the oral administration of medicine.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. The tissue may be autologous, heterologous, or homologous.

A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.

An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Transmembrane proteins that form the beta subunits of the HLA-DQ antigens.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)

A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between TRANSVERSE COLON and the SIGMOID COLON.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.

Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Mutations and allelic deletions of the MEN1 gene are associated with a subset of sporadic endocrine pancreatic and neuroendocrine tumors and not restricted to foregut neoplasms. (1/311)

Endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPT) and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) occur sporadically and rarely in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). We analyzed the frequency of allelic deletions and mutations of the recently identified MEN1 gene in 53 sporadic tumors including 30 EPT and 23 NET (carcinoids) of different locations and types. Allelic deletion of the MEN1 locus was identified in 18/49 (36.7%) tumors (13/30, 43.3% in EPT and 5/19, 26.3% in NET) and mutations of the MEN1 gene were present in 8/52 (15.3%) tumors (4/30 (13.3%) EPT and 4/22 (18.1%) NET). The somatic mutations were clustered in the 5' region of the coding sequence and most frequently encompassed missense mutations. All tumors with mutations exhibited a loss of the other allele and a wild-type sequence of the MEN1 gene in nontumorous DNA. In one additional patient with a NET of the lung and no clinical signs or history of MEN1, a 5178-9G-->A splice donor site mutation in intron 4 was identified in both the tumor and blood DNA, indicating the presence of a thus far unknown MEN1 syndrome. In most tumor groups the frequency of allelic deletions at 11q13 was 2 to 3 times higher than the frequency of identified MEN1 gene mutations. Some tumor types, including rare forms of EPT and NET of the duodenum and small intestine, exhibited mutations more frequently than other types. Furthermore, somatic mutations were not restricted to foregut tumors but were also detectable in a midgut tumor (15.2% versus 16.6%). Our data indicate that somatic MEN1 gene mutations contribute to a subset of sporadic EPT and NET, including midgut tumors. Because the frequency of mutations varies significantly among the investigated tumor subgroups and allelic deletions are 2 to 3 times more frequently observed, factors other than MEN1 gene inactivation, including other tumor-suppressor genes on 11q13, may also be involved in the tumorigenesis of these neoplasms. (+info)

Induction of adenocarcinoma from hamster pancreatic islet cells treated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in vitro. (2/311)

Our previous studies in the hamster pancreatic cancer model have indicated that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas derive not only from ductal/ductular cells but also from islets. To verify the presence of carcinogen-responsive cells within islets, we tested the effect of the pancreatic carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) on recently established continuous hamster pancreatic islet culture. Isolated pure pancreatic islets of hamsters were treated in vitro with BOP at a concentration of 0.25 mM three times a week for 19 weeks. Each treatment week was designed as a stage. The growth of these cells, designated KL5B, was compared with untreated cultured islets, designated KL5N. As in our previous study, between 14 and 21 days of culture, exocrine and intermediary cells developed within both KL5N and KL5B islets, which were then replaced by undifferentiated cells. No differences were found in the growth patterns of KL5N and KL5B until stage 4, when KL5B cells showed accelerated cell growth and cell pleomorphism, which increased gradually at later stages of treatment. Anchorage-independent and in vivo growth did not appear until stage 19. Mutation of c-Ki-ras at codon 12 (GGT-->GAT) was detected in KL5B cells but not in KL5N cells. In vivo KL5B cells formed anaplastic invasive cancer with areas of glandular formation, overexpressed TGF-alpha and EGFR, expressed cytokeratin, vimentin, laminin and alpha-1 antitrypsin and reacted strongly with L-phytohemagglutinin and tomato lectin. Some cells within islets are responsive to the carcinogenic effects of BOP. Whether these cells represent islet cell precursors (stem cells) or malignant transdifferentiated islet cells remains to be seen. (+info)

Hyperinsulinism: molecular aetiology of focal disease. (3/311)

Persistent hypoglycaemia in infancy is most commonly caused by hyperinsulinism. A case is reported of the somatic loss of the maternal 11p in an insulin secreting focal adenoma in association with a germline SUR-1 mutation on the paternal allele in a baby boy with hyperinsulinism diagnosed at 49 days old. A reduction to homozygosity of an SUR-1 mutation is proposed as a critical part of the cause of focal hyperinsulinism. (+info)

The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART is expressed in anorectic and non-anorectic pancreatic islet tumors and in the normal islet of Langerhans. (4/311)

The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART (cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript) is expressed at high levels in anorectic rat glucagonomas but not in hypoglycemic insulinomas. However, a non-anorectic metastasis derived from the glucagonoma retained high CART expression levels and produced circulating CART levels comparable to that of the anorectic tumors. Moreover, distinct glucagonoma lines derived by stable HES-1 transfection of the insulinoma caused severe anorexia but retained low circulating levels of CART comparable to that of insulinoma bearing or control rats. Islet tumor associated anorexia and circulating CART levels are thus not correlated, and in line with this peripheral administration of CART (5-50 mg/kg) produced no effect on feeding behavior. In the rat two alternatively spliced forms of CART mRNA exist and quantitative PCR revealed expression of both forms in the hypothalamus, in the different islet tumors, and in the islets of Langerhans. Immunocytochemistry as well as in situ hybridization localized CART expression to the somatostatin producing islet D cell. A potential endocrine/paracrine role of islet CART remains to be clarified. (+info)

Mutations of the DPC4/Smad4 gene in neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. (5/311)

Tumors of the endocrine pancreas are extremely rare, and molecular mechanisms leading to their development are not well understood. A candidate tumor suppressor gene, DPC4, located at 18q21, has recently been shown to be inactivated in half of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts. The close anatomical relationship of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas prompted us to determine the role of DPC4 in the tumorigenesis of 25 pancreatic islet cell tumors (11 insulinomas, nine non-functioning endocrine carcinomas, three gastrinomas, two vipomas). A mutation screening of the highly conserved COOH-terminal domain of DPC4 (exons 8-11) was performed by single-strand conformational variant (SSCP) analysis and a PCR-based deletion assay. Five of nine (55%) non-functioning endocrine pancreatic carcinomas revealed either point mutations, small intragenic deletions or homozygous deletion of DPC4 sequences compared to none of the insulinomas, gastrinomas or vipomas. These results suggest that DPC4 is an important target gene promoting tumorigenesis of non-functioning neuroendocrine pancreatic carcinomas. (+info)

Cellular composition and anatomic distribution in nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors: immunohistochemical study of 30 cases. (6/311)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytological pattern and distribution in nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors. METHODS: Using labeled streptavidin-biotin (LSAB), immunohistochemical staining for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin was performed on 30 nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors from 30 patients. The cellular composition and anatomic distribution in these tumors were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 30 tumor tissues, 22 (73.3%) were found to contain cells immunoreactive to 1-4 kinds of peptide hormones; 17 (56.7%) showed positive staining for more than one peptide and up to 4 peptides; and 8 (26.7%) showed negative immunoreaction to all antiserum applied. No tumor was found to contain immunoreactive gastrin. Among 17 multihormonal tumors, 4 contained 2 kinds of peptide hormones, 8 had 3 kinds, and 5 harbored 4 kinds of peptide hormones. In addition, the difference in the number and type of positive endocrine cells between the tumors arising from the head of the pancreas and those arising from the body and tail of the pancreas were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemically, the high positive rate to peptide hormones suggests that the nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors are actually not nonfunctioning; they are asymptomatic pancreatic endocrine tumors. Moreover, an uneven distribution of positive endocrine cells in the nonfunctioning pancreas endocrine tumors within the pancreas was identified. (+info)

Immunohistochemical expression of chromogranins A and B, prohormone convertases 2 and 3, and amidating enzyme in carcinoid tumors and pancreatic endocrine tumors. (7/311)

Although chromogranin A (CgA) is widely distributed in neuroendocrine tumors, the distribution of chromogranin B (CgB) has not been elucidated. Hormones produced by tumors are sometimes prohormones and not necessarily bioactive hormones. Prohormones have to be processed into bioactive peptides by prohormone convertases (PCs), and some of them have to be amidated by peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase (PGM). Whether PCs and PGM are present or not in tumors may explain why some tumors are functioning and some are nonfunctioning. We investigated 45 carcinoids and 16 pancreatic endocrine tumors. Of the carcinoids, CgA was expressed in most of the tumors, except for the rectal and ovarian carcinoids, which expressed CgB strongly. The expressions of PC2, PC3, and PGM were 31%, 100%, and 87%, respectively. In the pancreatic tumors, CgA was expressed in all tumors, whereas CgB was not expressed in any tumor. The expressions of PC2, PC3, and PGM were 63%, 88%, and 63%, respectively. PC3 was expressed in all of the functioning tumors but not in two of the four nonfunctioning tumors. PC2 and PGM were not expressed in three of the four nonfunctioning tumors. In conclusion, expression of CgA and CgB was different depending on the tumor location. High frequency of PCs and PGM may explain why even nonfunctioning tumors produce some inconspicuous peptides. (+info)

Immunohistochemical localization of betacellulin, a new member of the EGF family, in normal human pancreas and islet tumor cells. (8/311)

Betacellulin (BTC) purified from mouse beta cell tumor (betaTC-3) is a new member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family which can bind receptor tyrosine kinase, EGF receptor (erbB1) and erbB4. It has been demonstrated that proBTC mRNA was abundantly expressed in human pancreas tissue, and that BTC converted amylase-secreting rat acinar cell line (AR42J) into insulin-secreting cells, suggesting that BTC might be important for the growth and/or differentiation of islet cells. However, the cell type producing BTC in the pancreas has not been clarified. In this study, we examined the localization of BTC in human pancreas and islet cell tumors. Immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies to human BTC revealed that this protein was produced in alpha cells and duct cells, and probably in beta cells in normal adult pancreas. Furthermore, strong immunoreactivity to BTC was detected in primitive duct cells of the fetal pancreas, and both insulinoma and glucagonoma cells also showed positive immunoreactivity to BTC. EGF receptor (erbB1) and erbB4 were expressed mainly in islet and duct cells, and duct cells, respectively. These results demonstrate the localization of BTC and its receptors, and suggest that BTC may be one of the factors that have physiologically important roles such as growth and differentiation of islet cells in the human pancreas. (+info)

... diffuse hyperplasia or multiple adenomas are more common than solitary adenomas. Pancreatic islet cell tumors are today the ... of islet cell tumors originate from a β-cell, secrete insulin (insulinoma), and can cause fasting hypoglycemia. β-cell tumors ... Multiple adenomas or diffuse islet cell hyperplasia commonly occurs. About 30% of tumors are malignant and have local or ... Most islet cell tumors secrete pancreatic polypeptide, the clinical significance of which is unknown. Gastrin is secreted by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia_type_1

... "islet cell adenoma". Beta cells secrete insulin in response to increases in blood glucose. The resulting increase in insulin ... The first report of a surgical cure of hypoglycemia by removing an islet cell tumour was in 1929.[citation needed] An ... Insulinoma is one of the most common types of tumours arising from the islets of Langerhans cells (pancreatic endocrine tumours ... Streptozotocin is used in islet cell carcinomas which produce excessive insulin. Combination chemotherapy is used, either ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinoma

Priestley, J. T.; Comfort, M. W.; Radcliffe, J. (1944). "Total Pancreatectomy for Hyperinsulinism Due to an Islet-Cell Adenoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Taggart_Priestley

... and increased pancreatic islet-cell adenoma in male rats. In reproductive toxicity studies performed in rats and rabbits, no ... Workers exposed to glyphosate were about twice as likely to get B cell lymphoma. A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis ... of the same studies found a correlation between occupational exposure to glyphosate formulations and increased risk of B cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphosate

... of mammary adenocarcinomas and of pancreatic islet cell adenomas and carcinomas. An increase in the incidence of mammary ... An increase in the incidence of pancreatic islet cell tumours has been observed for some other D2 antagonists. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuclopenthixol

... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C19.344.421.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C19.344.421.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C19.344.421.500.124 ... growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma MeSH C19.344.609.792 - prolactinoma MeSH C19.344.762.500 - sertoli-leydig cell tumor ... MeSH C19.053.098.265 - adrenal cortex neoplasms MeSH C19.053.098.265.500 - adrenocortical adenoma MeSH C19.053.098.265.750 - ... granulosa cell tumor MeSH C19.344.410.464 - luteoma MeSH C19.344.410.531 - meigs syndrome MeSH C19.344.410.648 - sertoli-leydig ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C19)

... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C06.301.761.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C06.301.761.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C06.301.761.500.124 ... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C06.689.667.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C06.689.667.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C06.689.667.500.124 ... adenoma, liver cell MeSH C06.301.623.160 - carcinoma, hepatocellular MeSH C06.301.623.460 - liver neoplasms, experimental MeSH ... adenoma, liver cell MeSH C06.552.697.160 - carcinoma, hepatocellular MeSH C06.552.697.580 - liver neoplasms, experimental MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C06)

Islet cell adenoma or adenomatosis Islet cell carcinoma Adult nesidioblastosis Autoimmune insulin syndrome Noninsulinoma ... Hyperinsulinism due to diffuse overactivity of beta cells, such as in many of the forms of congenital hyperinsulinism, and more ... Streptozotocin is a specific beta cell toxin and has been used to treat insulin-producing pancreatic carcinoma. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinsulinemic_hypoglycemia

... a hereditary disorder characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia and pancreatic islet-cell and pituitary adenomas, is caused by a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetrance

... emphasis that was placed on the observed precise histological recapitulation of normal islet cell structure within the adenomas ... In that report, these lesions were adjudicated as histologically benign adenoma growths, that were associated with severe, long ... Neuroendocrine tumor Laidlaw GF (1938). "Nesidioblastoma, the islet tumor of the pancreas". Am J Pathol. 14 (2): 125-34. PMC ... a more diffuse hyperplasia of the pancreatic beta cells is found, often with an abnormal microscopic appearance. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesidioblastoma

It often affects the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cells, and anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. MEN1 may also cause ... Various types of headaches are common in patients with pituitary adenomas. The adenoma may be the prime causative factor behind ... Pituitary adenomas are classified as endocrine tumors (not brain tumors). Pituitary adenomas are classified based upon ... of AIP mutation carriers will develop a pituitary adenoma. AIP mutation associated pituitary adenomas (either presenting as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma

Pancreatic tumours involve the islet cells, giving rise to gastrinomas or insulinomas. In rare cases, adrenal cortex tumours ... MEN1 pituitary tumours are adenomas of anterior cells, typically prolactinomas or growth hormone-secreting. ... cell division, cell proliferation, and genome stability. Insulinomas are neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas with an ... oftentimes a large deletion occurring in the predisposed endocrine cell and providing cells with the survival advantaged needed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEN1

In mammals the primary sensors for this are the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. The beta cells respond to a rise in the ... over-production of parathyroid hormone by a parathyroid adenoma resulting in the typically features of hyperparathyroidism, ... Here blood sugar regulation is unable to function because the beta cells of the pancreatic islets are destroyed and cannot ... The fat cells take up glucose through special glucose transporters (GLUT4), whose numbers in the cell wall are increased as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis

... familial Pancreatic diseases Pancreatic islet cell neoplasm Pancreatic islet cell tumors Pancreatic lipomatosis duodenal ... of Mantoux Palsy cerebral Panayiotopoulos syndrome Pancreas agenesis Pancreas divisum Pancreatic adenoma Pancreatic beta cell ... stenosis with Café au lait spot Punctate acrokeratoderma freckle like pigmentation Punctate inner choroidopathy Pure red cell ... chronic arthritis Pavone-Fiumara-Rizzo syndrome Peanut hypersensitivity Pearson's marrow/pancreas syndrome Pediatric T-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(P)

The islet cell autoantibodies are absent in MODY in at least some populations (Japanese, Britons). Persistence of a low insulin ... Liver adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma in MODY type 3 Renal cysts, rudimentary or bicornuate uterus, vaginal aplasia, ... found that about one quarter of Central European MODY patients are positive for islet cell autoantibodies (GABA and IA2A). ... Urbanova J, Rypackova B, Prochazkova Z, Kucera P, Cerna M, Andel M, Heneberg P (2014). "Positivity for islet cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturity-onset_diabetes_of_the_young

PIN III M8149/0 Canalicular adenoma M8150/0 Islet cell adenoma (C25._) Islet cell tumor, benign Nesidioblastoma Islet cell ... M8550/0 Acinar cell adenoma Acinar adenoma Acinic cell adenoma M8550/1 Acinar cell tumor Acinic cell tumor M8550/3 Acinar cell ... M8150/3 Islet cell carcinoma (C25._) Islet cell adenocarcinoma (M8151/0) Insulinoma, NOS (C25._) Beta cell adenoma M8151/3 ... Oxyphilic adenoma Oncocytic adenoma Oncocytoma Hurthle cell adenoma (C73.9) Hurthle cell tumor Follicular adenoma, oxyphilic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases_for_Oncology

... they cannot penetrate cell membranes. Thus, GH exerts some of its effects by binding to receptors on target cells, where it ... Eventually, the adenoma may become large enough to cause headaches, impair vision by pressure on the optic nerves, or cause ... liver uptake of glucose Promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver Contributes to the maintenance and function of pancreatic islets ... cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development. GH also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone

... as well as hepatocellular adenoma. HNF-1 protein is present in clear cell carcinoma of ovary. In humans, mutations in HNF1A ... and GLUT2 transporter expression in pancreatic β-cells and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene expression in pancreatic islets ... It has been shown to affect intestinal epithelial cell growth and cell lineages differentiation. For instance, HNF1A is an ... "Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1A Is a Cell-Intrinsic Transcription Factor Required for B Cell Differentiation and Development in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNF1A

... adenoma, bile duct MeSH C04.557.470.035.095 - adenoma, chromophobe MeSH C04.557.470.035.100 - adenoma, islet cell MeSH C04.557. ... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C04.588.274.761.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C04.588.274.761.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C04.588. ... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C04.588.322.421.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C04.588.322.421.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C04.588. ... liver cell MeSH C04.557.470.035.140 - adenoma, oxyphilic MeSH C04.557.470.035.155 - adenoma, pleomorphic MeSH C04.557.470.035. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C04)

"Pyruvate kinase M2 is a target of the tumor-suppressive microRNA-326 and regulates the survival of glioma cells". Neuro- ... "Altered microRNA expression profile in human pituitary GH adenomas: down-regulation of miRNA targeting HMGA1, HMGA2, and E2F1 ... "Increased expression of microRNA miR-326 in type 1 diabetic patients with ongoing islet autoimmunity". Diabetes/Metabolism ... and miR-326 in the adipogenic differentiation process of adipose-derived stem cells". OMICS. 13 (4): 331-6. doi:10.1089/omi. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-326_microRNA_precursor_family

... of the lung Bronchial adenomas/carcinoids Small cell lung cancer Mesothelioma Non-small cell lung cancer Non-small cell lung ... islet cell Rectal cancer Small intestine cancer Bladder cancer Cervical cancer Endometrial cancer Extragonadal germ cell tumor ... cell lymphoma Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma Mast cell leukemia Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma Multiple myeloma/plasma cell ... leukemia Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma Hairy cell leukemia Hepatosplenic T-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cancer_types

... pancreatic islet cells and lymphoid cells. PAX8 and other transcription factors play a role in binding to DNA and regulating ... nephrogenic adenomas, ovarian cancer cells, bladder, prostate, and endometrial carcinomas. Expression of PAX8 is also induced ... cell polarity and transport, cell motility and adhesion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, ... cell-cycle processes). PAX8 is shown to be involved in tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, signal transduction, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX8

This protein is thought to be involved in potassium chloride-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation. This protein plays ... and pancreatic islet of Langerhans-specific Ca2+-binding protein". J Biol Chem. 275 (32): 24740-51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001974200 ... "Proteomics and transcriptomics analyses of secretagogin down-regulation in human non-functional pituitary adenomas". Pituitary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretagogin

... is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or ... An increased incidence of pituitary adenomas has been reported in rats given synthetic salmon calcitonin for 1 year. This is ... The CALC1 gene belongs to a superfamily of related protein hormone precursors including islet amyloid precursor protein, ... They include: C-cell hyperplasia, nonthyroidal oat cell carcinoma, nonthyroidal carcinoma and other nonthyroidal malignancies, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitonin

Cell. 125 (4): 801-14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032. PMID 16713569. Dasgupta I, Sanglas L, Enghild JJ, Lindberg I (September ... Lloyd RV, Jin L (March 1994). "Analysis of chromogranin/secretogranin messenger RNAs in human pituitary adenomas". Diagnostic ... "Secretory protein 7B2 is associated with pancreatic hormones within normal islets and some experimentally induced tumors". ... Insect cell-specific processing and secretion". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (23): 17886-93. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCG5

The alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets that release insulin and glucagon and smaller amounts ... Cushing's disease is characterized by the hypersecretion of the adrenocorticotropic hormone due to a pituitary adenoma that ... The ability of a target cell to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of receptors, within the cell or on its plasma ... Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake and metabolism by most body cells. Somatostatin is released by delta cells and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_gland

P27 transcription has also been linked to another tumor suppressor gene, MEN1, in pancreatic islet cells where it promotes ... the CDKN1B gene has been reported in families affected by the development of primary hyperparathyroidism and pituitary adenomas ... Studies of various cell lines including glioblastoma cell lines, three prostate cancer cell lines, and a breast tumor cell line ... Lack of CDKN1B expression appears to release the hair cells from natural cell-cycle arrest. Because hair cell death in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDKN1B

It is associated with islet cell regeneration and diabetogenesis and may be involved in pancreatic lithogenesis. Reg family ... "Expression of peptide-23/pancreatitis-associated protein and Reg genes in human pituitary and adenomas: comparison with other ... "Entrez Gene: REG1B regenerating islet-derived 1 beta (pancreatic stone protein, pancreatic thread protein)". De Reggi M, Gharib ... "A novel gene activated in regenerating islets". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (5): 2111-4. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69176-8. PMID 2963000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REG1B

... modulates pancreatic islet β-cell function strongly implicating its significant association with GDM risk. T alleles of ... "Association of the TCF7L2 polymorphism with colorectal cancer and adenoma risk". Cancer Causes & Control. 19 (9): 975-980. doi: ... Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. ... It was also shown that in Tcf7l2 knockout mice the number of proliferating cells in cortical neural progenitor cells is reduced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF7L2

Beta cells 60% of the cells present in islet of Langerhans are beta cells. Beta cells secrete insulin. Along with glucagon, ... Cushing's disease is characterized by the hypersecretion of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) due to a pituitary adenoma ... Delta cells F Cells Ovaries Granulosa cells Testis Leydig cells The fetal endocrine system is one of the first systems to ... Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell resulting in a change in cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_system

... an adenocarcinoma or an adenoma. PTPRK mRNA was shown to be significantly reduced by RT-PCR in human lung cancer-derived cell ... "Profile and differential expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases in mouse pancreatic islet tumor cell lines". Pancreas. 16 ... PTPkappa mediates homophilic cell-cell aggregation via its extracellular domain. PTPkappa only mediates binding between cells ... In these cells, adhesion to matrigel, transwell migration, and cell growth were all increased following the reduction of PTPRK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTPRK

Beta cell - Beta cells (β cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin. Beta cells ... systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth. Adenoma - (plural adenomas or adenomata) is a ... White blood cell - White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are ... All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_medicine

... islet cell - islet cell cancer - islet of Langerhans cell - isoflavone - isointense - isolated hepatic perfusion - isolated ... tubulovillous adenoma - tumor - tumor antigen vaccine - tumor board review - tumor burden - tumor debulking - tumor ... cell - cell differentiation - cell motility - cell proliferation - cell respiration - cell adhesion - cellular adoptive ... systemic therapy T cell - T-3 - T-cell depletion - T-cell lymphoma - T138067 - T4N5 liposomal lotion - T900607 - TAC-101 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles

reported a case series of 8 patients with a syndrome of pituitary, parathyroid, and pancreatic islet adenomas.[citation needed ... that occurs in the predisposed endocrine cell as loss of the remaining wild-type allele and gives cells the survival advantage ... In 1903 Erdheim described the case of an acromegalic patient with a pituitary adenoma and three enlarged parathyroid glands.[ ... The older names, "multiple endocrine adenomas" and "multiple endocrine adenomatosis" (MEA), have been replaced by the current ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia

Diseases [C] » Neoplasms [C04] » Neoplasms by Site » Digestive System Neoplasms » Pancreatic Neoplasms » Adenoma, Islet Cell ... Diseases [C] » Neoplasms [C04] » Neoplasms by Site » Endocrine Gland Neoplasms » Pancreatic Neoplasms » Adenoma, Islet Cell ... Diseases [C] » Digestive System Diseases [C06] » Digestive System Neoplasms » Pancreatic Neoplasms » Adenoma, Islet Cell ... Diseases [C] » Endocrine System Diseases [C19] » Endocrine Gland Neoplasms » Pancreatic Neoplasms » Adenoma, Islet Cell ...

https://www.cdek.liu.edu/mesh/D007516/

Insulinoma; Islet cell adenoma, Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; Hypoglycemia - insulinoma. Images. *. Endocrine glands ... Insulins job is to reduce the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood by helping sugar move into cells. ... Octreotide scan (special test that checks for specific hormone-producing cells in the body) ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000387.htm

Hyperinsulinemia: islet cell adenomas, islet cell dysplasia; typically presents in the first year of life.. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/725783_2

HYPERGLYCEMIA occurs commonly after removal of an islet cell tumor, but the cause is not fully understood. It has been ... Glucose Induced Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia: Persistence Following Removal of an Islet Cell Adenoma. Arch Intern Med. ... Glucose Induced Hyperglycemia and Hyperinsulinemia: Persistence Following Removal of an Islet Cell Adenoma. ... HYPERGLYCEMIA occurs commonly after removal of an islet cell tumor, but the cause is not fully understood. It has been ...

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/573405

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia_type_1

In the 24-month rat study, pancreatic islet cell adenomas significantly exceeded the control rate in the low dose level. Doses ... Tubular cells with vacuolization and granularization. Degenerative tubular cells, plasma cells, and lymphocyturia ,20% of ... The hepatocellular carcinomas and pancreatic islet cell adenomas were not dose related. Published reports indicate that co- ... Glomerulitis (mononuclear cells)c. Aspiration Cytology. CyA deposits in tubular and endothelial cells Fine isometric ...

https://www.rxlist.com/gengraf-oral-solution-drug.htm

... islet cell hyperplasia, nesidioblastosis, extrapancreatic malignancy, islet cell adenoma, or adenomatosis ... Indicated for hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism associated with inoperable islet cell adenoma or carcinoma, or ...

http://reference.medscape.com/drug/proglycem-diazoxide-342311

In the 24-month oral (diet) rat study, conducted at 0.5, 2, and 8 mg/kg/day, pancreatic islet cell adenomas significantly ... The hepatocellular carcinomas and pancreatic islet cell adenomas were not dose related. The low doses in mice and rats are ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/cequa-ophthalmic-solution.html

Malonaldehyde produced adenomas and carcinomas of the thyroid gland and adenomas of the pancreatic islet cells during a long ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=glutaraldehyde&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&D1=10&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&PageNo=8&RecNo=74&View=f&

An increased incidence of pituitary adenomas, pancreas islet cell adenomas, and adrenal gland benign pheochromocytomas was also ... including hepatocellular adenomas, thyroid follicular adenomas, and mammary gland fibroadenomas. ... Prucalopride had no effect on potassium current in hERG-transfected HEK cells at concentrations up to 1 micromolar (50 times ... Cardiac histology revealed an increase in focal infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in the heart at a dose of 80 mg/kg/ ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=bca1e4c6-4b2b-4876-8ab3-654629c4ff1b&audience=consumer

Islet cell adenoma (morphologic abnormality). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Islet cell adenoma (morphologic abnormality) ... Islet cell adenoma (morphologic abnormality) {76345009 , SNOMED-CT } Parent/Child (Relationship Type) Pancreatic microadenoma ( ... Benign adenomatous neoplasm - category (morphologic abnormality) {399908004 , SNOMED-CT } Islet cell neoplasm (morphologic ... Islet cell tumor, benign Current Synonym true false 200594010 Islet cell adenomatosis Current Synonym true false ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=76345009

... but not dose-related increase of pancreatic islet cell adenomas in females and of testicular interstitial cell adenomas in ... In a majority of these cases, a pituitary adenoma was diagnosed with a majority of pituitary apoplexy cases occurring within 2 ... In rats, a dose-related increase of benign pituitary hyperplasia and benign pituitary adenomas was noted at 24 months when the ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1563a30b-66e0-445d-ba3e-1ccd5218133f

... but not dose-related increase of pancreatic islet-cell adenomas in females and of testicular interstitial cell adenomas in ... In rats, a dose-related increase of benign pituitary hyperplasia and benign pituitary adenomas was noted at 24 months when the ... In a majority of these cases, a pituitary adenoma was diagnosed, with a majority of pituitary apoplexy cases occurring within 2 ...

https://www.rxlist.com/lupron-depot-ped-drug.htm

1 Adenoma, Islet Cell --complications. *1 Angiography. *1 Barium Sulfate --diagnostic use ... Non-functioning pancreatic islet cell tumor presenting with gastrointestinal hemorrhage.. Goenka, M K; Kochhar, R; Gupta, N M; ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/1369/simple-search?query=&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&filter_field_1=author&filter_type_1=equals&filter_value_1=Mehta%2C+S+K&etal=0&filtername=author&filterquery=Gupta%2C+N+M&filtertype=equals

Adenoma of islet cells with hyperinsulinism: a review. Ann Surg. 1935. 101:1299. ... Insulin-producing islet cell tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1989 Mar. 18(1):45-74. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Islet cell tumors of the pancreas. Surg Clin North Am. 1995 Oct. 75(5):1025-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Endocrine system: pancreatic islet cell tumors. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Lichter AS, eds. Clinical Oncology. 2nd ed. New ...

https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/276943-treatment

... pancreatic islet-cell adenoma in male rats in two studies, and a promotion of skin tumours in an initiation-promotion study in ... pancreatic islet-cell adenoma in male rats in two studies, and a promotion of skin tumours in an initiation-promotion study in ... Glyphosate has been shown to induce DNA and chromosomal damage in mammals and in human and animal cells in vitro as well as ... For instance, B cell lymphoma was positively associated with phenoxy herbicides and glyphosate. In Argentina, a study found ...

https://biosafety-info.net/articles/traits-in-agriculture/herbicide-tolerance/scientists-back-up-whos-classification-of-glyphosate-as-probably-carcinogenic/

Multiple hepatocellular adenomas presenting in a male 8 years post-pancreaticoduodenectomy for islet cell tumor of the pancreas ... A rare case of clear cell variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sriram Kaliamoorthy1, Vijayparthiban Sethuraman2, Sathish ... Mast cells and oral pathologies: A Review. Reet Kamal1, Parveen Dahiya2, Niti Goyal2, Mukesh Kumar2, Neeta Sharma3, Hans Raj ... Current overview on dental stem cells applications in regenerative dentistry. Ramta Bansal1, Aditya Jain21Department of ...

https://jnsbm.org/journal-of-natural-science-biology-and-medicine-vol-6-issue-1-jan-jun-2015

These are usually islet cell tumors secreting gastrin and causing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in about two-thirds of cases. The ... Pituitary adenomas affect 15% to 50% of patients and are mostly prolactinomas, although tumors causing acromegaly and Cushings ... pheochromocytomas or islet cell tumors). However, these tumors constitute a minority of cases. The HHM is most commonly seen ... The macrophage-monocyte line of immune cells expresses the identical 1alpha-hydroxylase expressed in the kidneys that converts ...

https://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/endocrinology/hypercalcemia/

Islet Cell Adenoma Medicine & Life Sciences 61% * Pancreatic Carcinoma Medicine & Life Sciences 50% ... Pancreatic venous sampling is an important method for localizing hormone‐secreting islet cell tumors. ... Pancreatic venous sampling is an important method for localizing hormone‐secreting islet cell tumors.", ... Pancreatic venous sampling is an important method for localizing hormone‐secreting islet cell tumors. ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/pancreatic-arteriography-transhepatic-pancreatic-venography-and-p-2

2 cystic islet cell tumors, and 2 cases of mucinous ductal ectasia. Mean tumor size was 6 cm (2 to 16 cm). In 39% the patients ... Arteriography showed hypervascularity in 4 of 10 serous adenomas, 3 of 11 mucinous carcinomas, and 1 of 1 papillary cystic ... 2 cystic islet cell tumors, and 2 cases of mucinous ductal ectasia. Mean tumor size was 6 cm (2 to 16 cm). In 39% the patients ... 2 cystic islet cell tumors, and 2 cases of mucinous ductal ectasia. Mean tumor size was 6 cm (2 to 16 cm). In 39% the patients ...

https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cystic-tumors-of-the-pancreas-new-clinical-radiologic-and-patholo

MEN 1 is characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pituitary adenomas. MEN 2a includes ... Foci of larger acidophilic oxyphilic cells and clear cells are present. Adenomas may have clear cell variants. ... Two types of parathyroid hyperplasia exist: chief cell hyperplasia and water cell or clear cell hyperplasia. ... The adenoma may also be surrounded by a rim of normal parathyroid tissue. Chief cells, which have regular central nuclei, ...

http://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/874690-overview

The biosynthesis of insulin and a probable precursor of insulin by a human islet cell adenoma. Proceedings of the National ... UKPDS 25; auto antibodies to islet cell cytoplasm and glutanic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in type ... Measurement of C-peptide, which is co-secreted with insulin from beta cells of pancreas (proinsulin, insulin C-peptide) ... provides an index of endogenous insulin Production and pancreatic beta cell function. This study is to demonstrate or test the ...

http://www.ijstr.org/paper-references.php?ref=IJSTR-1013-7480

Pituitary adenoma, malignant schwannomas. Parathyroid and pancreatic islet cell tumors. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). AD. ... Metastases from certain tumor types that are highly chemosensitive, such as germ cell tumors or small-cell lung cancer, may ... New technologies, such as rare cell capture, may enhance identification of tumor cells in the CSF. ... Subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma, ependymomas, glioma, ganglioneuroma, hamartoma. Turcot syndrome. AD. Mutations in APCa ( ...

https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1130§ionid=79730603

Islet Cell Adenomas. * Endocrine Deficiencies * Adrenal Insufficiency. * Growth Hormone Insufficiency. * Hypothyroidism. * ... Causes/Pathophysiology: Unknown beta-cell abnormality leads to inappropriate insulin secretion.. Treatment: Glucose in mild ... Causes/Pathophysiology: Defect of pancreatic beta cell KATP channel (ABCC8, KCNJ11), glucokinase, short chain acyl-CoA ...

https://pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu/page/hypoglycemia

The success rate is good for benign islet-cell adenomas, and the success rate for malignant islet-cell tumors can be as high as ... Carcinomas account for only 10% of insulin-secreting islet cell tumors. Hypoglycemia in patients with islet cell adenomas ... Islet cell adenoma or carcinoma (insulinoma) is an uncommon and usually curable cause of fasting hypoglycemia and is most often ... The investigators point out that L-cells, which secrete GLP-1 and PYY, are affected by bariatric surgery, with, for example, an ...

https://www.staging.medscape.com/answers/122122-6288/what-is-the-significance-of-loss-of-consciousness-in-hypoglycemia-low-blood-sugar

Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated esophageal leiomyoma and pancreatic islet cell tumor. A subtotal parathyroidectomy with ... parathyroid adenoma, pituitary adenoma, pancreatic tumor, and adrenal tumor. ... Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated esophageal leiomyoma and pancreatic islet cell tumor. A subtotal parathyroidectomy with ... Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated esophageal leiomyoma and pancreatic islet cell tumor. A subtotal parathyroidectomy with ...

https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/multiple-endocrine-neoplasia-type-1-with-multiple-leiomyomas-link

Pancreatic islet cell tumors are today the major cause of death in persons with MEN-1. (wikipedia.org)
About 10-15% of islet cell tumors originate from a β-cell, secrete insulin (insulinoma), and can cause fasting hypoglycemia. (wikipedia.org)
β-cell tumors are more common in patients (wikipedia.org)
Most islet cell tumors secrete pancreatic polypeptide, the clinical significance of which is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Gastrin is secreted by many non-β-cell tumors (increased gastrin secretion in MEN 1 also often originates from the duodenum). (wikipedia.org)
A severe secretory diarrhea can develop and cause fluid and electrolyte depletion with non-β-cell tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Hypersecretion of glucagon, somatostatin, chromogranin, or calcitonin, ectopic secretion of ACTH resulting in Cushing's syndrome, and hypersecretion of somatotropin-releasing hormone (causing acromegaly) sometimes occur in non-β-cell tumors. (wikipedia.org)
These genetic changes result in no functional copies of the MEN1 gene in selected cells, allowing the cells to divide with little control and form tumors. (wikipedia.org)
Pancreatic venous sampling is an important method for localizing hormone‐secreting islet cell tumors. (elsevier.com)
mean age, 61 years) with cystic neoplasms of the pancreas, including 18 serous cystic adenomas, 15 benign mucinous cystic neoplasms, 27 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, 3 papillary cystic tumors, 2 cystic islet cell tumors, and 2 cases of mucinous ductal ectasia. (elsevier.com)
Arteriography showed hypervascularity in 4 of 10 serous adenomas, 3 of 11 mucinous carcinomas, and 1 of 1 papillary cystic tumors. (elsevier.com)
MEN1 is characterized by the presence of functioning and nonfunctioning tumors or hyperplasia of the pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, and pancreatic islet cells. (elsevier.com)
In the patient on Byetta, the tumors were adenomas, which means they start benign but can become cancerous. (schmidtlaw.com)
Here, we show that NCAM-deficient beta cell tumors grew leaky blood vessels with perturbed pericyte-endothelial cell-cell interactions and deficient perivascular deposition of ECM components. (mdc-berlin.de)
To directly address whether pericyte dysfunction increases the metastatic potential of solid tumors, we studied beta cell tumorigenesis in primary pericyte-deficient Pdgfb(ret/ret) mice. (mdc-berlin.de)
Benign neoplasms in the hamster include polyps, adrenal adenomas, splenic hemangiomas, islet cell pancreatic tumors, hepatic adenomas, squamous papillomas of the forestomach and fibroadenomas of the mammary gland [1]. (missouri.edu)
Armoring the rTCR-T cells with particular cytokines and/or chemokines and their receptors, or concentrating on the tumor stroma, can improve the infiltration price of the immune cells inside the strong tumors. (influenza-x.org)
Nonfunctioning islet cell tumors or pancreatic endocrine tumors are the most common type of malignant islet cell tumor. (elsevier.com)
To investigate potential markers predicting malignancy and poor prognosis in nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors, we analyzed the expression of Ki-67, topoisomerase IIα (Topollα), and p27, as well as a variety of clinicopathologic parameters in 76 cases of nonfunctioning islet cell tumors (23 benign cases and 53 malignant cases). (elsevier.com)
BACKGROUND: Partial (or sub-total) adrenalectomy, first proposed for the treatment of hereditary, bilateral pheochromocytoma in order to preserve adrenocortical function and avoid lifelong steroid replacement therapy, has been adopted more recently in case of sporadic, monolateral tumors, like functioning adenomas or pheochromocytomas, in order to minimize the risk of potential adrenal failure, especially in young patients. (wnt-receptor.com)
Like APUD tumors, normal islets in the pancreas also take up a small amount of 18 F-DOPA and decarboxylate it to produce insulin. (snmjournals.org)
Mutation of the MEN1 gene results in an inherited condition known as multiple endocrine neoplasia , or MEN, type I, where adenomas or malignant tumors form in the parathyroid gland , pituitary gland , and pancreas . (osmosis.org)
The presence of cells with stem-like properties in human brain tumors was firstly demonstrated by Ignatova et al. (hindawi.com)
In vitro , stem-like cells derived from brain tumors have high regenerative capacity and the ability to differentiate into neuronal or glial cells as they can express specific neural markers. (hindawi.com)
The tumors developed in mice model injected with glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) display high extensive migratory and infiltrative capacity, indicating that isolated brain tumor stem cells in vivo may induce tumor to the brain similar to those observed in glioblastoma multiforme [ 7 , 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Many scientific reports still debate on the origin of brain tumors, particularly whether they may derive from the dedifferentiation of a brain cell or from the transformation of a neural stem cell (NSC) or progenitor cell [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Several reports indicate that brain tumors might rise from the transformation of undifferentiated precursor cells, which are located not only in germinal regions of the developing and early-postnatal CNS, but also in regions of mature brain in which neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Carcinoid tumors are derived from sub-epithelial neuroendocrine cells, and may represent up to 80% of all appendiceal neoplasms. (introductiontoradiology.net)

Measurement of C-peptide, which is co-secreted with insulin from beta cells of pancreas (proinsulin, insulin C-peptide) provides an index of endogenous insulin Production and pancreatic beta cell function. (ijstr.org)
Herein, we report the case of a 44-year-old female with ectopic pancreas and serous oligocystic adenoma in the gastric antrum that mimicked a gastric lymphangioma. (biomedcentral.com)
The pancreas was explored searching for an adenoma in a patient with persistent hypoglycemia but since no adenoma was found a subtotal approximately 90% pancreatectomy was performed and the patient's hypoglycemia resolved. (pedsurglibrary.com)
So, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm is a cancer of neuroendocrine cells that are within the pancreas . (osmosis.org)
In addition to endocrine cells, the pancreas also has exocrine cells, which make up a majority of the gland. (osmosis.org)
It plays two main roles - there's the exocrine part of the pancreas which has acinar cells that make digestive enzymes that are secreted into the duodenum to help digest food. (osmosis.org)
There's also the endocrine part of the pancreas which has a few different types of islet cells, or neuroendocrine cells, each of which make different hormones. (osmosis.org)
G cells are found in the pancreas and stomach, and the secrete gastrin. (osmosis.org)
It is produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of Langerhans, in the pancreas, from where it is released into the bloodstream. (timberbrit.com)
Somatostatin is also produced by D cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and by few other tissues. (pharmacy180.com)
A cell present in the acinus of an acinous gland, e.g., of the pancreas. (unboundmedicine.com)
Serous cysto-adenoma (SCA) is a rare benign neoplasm of the pancreas. (biomedcentral.com)
secreted from the beta islet cells in the pancreas, transports glucose into the cells by increasing the permeability of glucose through the cellular membrane. (ndhealthfacts.org)
Ability of the beta cells of the pancreas to produce insulin. (ndhealthfacts.org)
The destruction or dysfunction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas contributes to a family of metabolic diseases known as diabetes mellitus. (prolekarniky.cz)
The system includes the pancreas (the scattered islets of Langerhans where insulin among other hormones is produced), the pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, gonadal and parathyroid glands also because of the neuroendocrine, renal, gastrointestinal and other organ systems. (drmaheshchavan.com)
Pancreas transplants areprimarily offered topersons with type 1withseverekidney disease or other life-threatening consequencesfrom uncontrolled glucose levels.Type 1 diabetes is caused by a loss or malfunction of the insulin producing cells, called pancreatic beta cells. (diabetestalk.net)
Beta cells ( cells) are a type of cell found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. (diabetestalk.net)

PanNENs in animals are categorised as adenoma or carcinoma, whereas in people they're categorised as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (PanNET) if well-differentiated, or as pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (PanNEC) if poorly differentiated. (influenza-x.org)
Carcinoma signet ring cell. (lookformedical.com)
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. (lookformedical.com)
Increased expression of these biomarkers in neoplastic epithelial cells of colorectal carcinoma is associated with adverse prognostic factors and could be considered as independent prognostic factors. (por-journal.com)
Introduction: The head and neck are frequent sites for the development of cutaneous cancer and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC), one of the more frequent malignant non-melanoma skin neoplasms in Chile (436 per 100,000 inhabitants). (bvsalud.org)
Introducción: La cabeza y el cuello son sitios frecuentes de desarrollo de cáncer cutáneo y el carcinoma epidermoide de piel (CEC) es una de las neoplasias malignas sin melanoma más frecuentes en Chile (436 por 100.000 habitantes). (bvsalud.org)
adenocystic carcinoma ( adenoid cystic carcinoma ) carcinoma marked by cylinders or bands of hyaline or mucinous stroma separated or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells, occurring in the mammary and salivary glands, and mucous glands of the respiratory tract. (thefreedictionary.com)
basal cell carcinoma the most common form of skin cancer, consisting of an epithelial tumor of the skin originating from neoplastic differentiation of basal cells , rarely metastatic but locally invasive and aggressive. (thefreedictionary.com)
bronchioalveolar carcinoma ( bronchiolar carcinoma ) ( bronchioloalveolar carcinoma ) ( bronchoalveolar carcinoma ) a variant type of adenocarcinoma of the lung , with columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells lining the alveolar septa and projecting into alveolar spaces in branching papillary formations. (thefreedictionary.com)
adenocarcinoma of the lung , large cell carcinoma , small cell carcinoma , and squamous cell carcinoma . (thefreedictionary.com)
cholangiocellular carcinoma a rare type of hepatocellular carcinoma arising from the cholangioles , consisting of two layers of cells surrounding a minute lumen. (thefreedictionary.com)
2. renal cell carcinoma . (thefreedictionary.com)
cylindrical cell carcinoma carcinoma in which the cells are cylindrical or nearly so. (thefreedictionary.com)
epidermoid carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma . (thefreedictionary.com)
giant cell carcinoma a poorly differentiated, highly malignant, epithelial neoplasm containing many large multinucleated tumor cells, such as occurs in the lungs. (thefreedictionary.com)
hepatocellular carcinoma primary carcinoma of the liver cells with hepatomegaly, jaundice, hemoperitoneum, and other symptoms of the presence of an abdominal mass. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hürthle cell carcinoma a malignant Hürthle cell tumor . (thefreedictionary.com)
large cell carcinoma a type of bronchogenic carcinoma of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size, a variety of squamous cell carcinoma that has undergone further dedifferentiation. (thefreedictionary.com)
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from normal epithelium, through dysplastic adenoma to invasive carcinoma. (ox.ac.uk)

Usually it involves the INSULIN -producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS , as in INSULINOMA , resulting in HYPERINSULINISM . (liu.edu)
The rate of insulin secretion is dependent on the ratio of ATP to ADP within the beta cell. (medscape.com)
1,2 In support of this view is the finding of decreased insulin content in pancreatic tissue adjacent to the adenoma. (jamanetwork.com)
5 The finding of increased plasma insulin following removal of the adenoma is given as evidence for this view. (jamanetwork.com)
4,5 These latter observations were of short duration, however, and it is possible that insulin produced by the adenoma may still have been in circulation. (jamanetwork.com)
auto antibodies to islet cell cytoplasm and glutanic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes. (ijstr.org)
Parent cells secreted primarily insulin and somatostatin with very small quantities of glucagon. (elsevier.com)
Specific receptors for insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin were demonstrated on parent cells and clones. (elsevier.com)
Parent cells bound 4.12 ± 0.46% insulin, 2.11 ± 0.29% glucagon, and 2.49 ± 1.24% somatostatin per 2 x 10 6 cells. (elsevier.com)
A patient with a metastatic islet cell tumour with clinical features of both insulin and glucagon excess is reported. (uea.ac.uk)
For quantitative detection of Insulin in Human serum, plasma, body fluids, tissue lysates or cell culture supernates. (kevinkongwellness.com)
Insulin, synthesized by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, consists of 2 dissimilar polypeptide chains, A and B, which are linked by 2 disulfide bonds. (kevinkongwellness.com)
It causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen inside these tissues, and improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after endurance training results from hemodynamic adaptations as well as increased cellular protein content of individual insulin signaling components and molecules involved in glucose transport and metabolism. (kevinkongwellness.com)
1. Steiner, D. F., Oyer, P. E. The biosynthesis of insulin and a probable precursor of insulin by a human islet cell adenoma. (kevinkongwellness.com)
It was initially thought that HI was caused by excessive secretion of insulin secondary to an abnormally high number of pancreatic islets resulting from an anomalous phenomenon of postnatal budding of endocrine cells off the pancreatic ducts called nesidioblastosis (from nesidion meaning island). (pedsurglibrary.com)
Owing to the impaired secretory function of the patient's pancreatic islets, liver dysfunction, hypothyroidism, severe hyperlipidemia, and huge hepatic adenoma, we adopted diet control, insulin therapy, and hepatic adenoma resection to alleviate this situation. (biomedcentral.com)
We also notice the absence of the insulin gene, a conclusion that may be explained by the fact that our phenotype is a partial one, incomplete, closer to islet cell progenitors than to insulin-producing progenitors. (wnt-receptor.com)
We chose to make use of the RIP1-Tag2 transgenic mouse model [ 18 ], wherein pancreatic islet carcinogenesis occurs secondary to the expression of the SV-40 large T-antigen (Tag) expression under the Rat Insulin Promoter (RIP). (biomedcentral.com)
The largest group of cells are the beta (β) cells which secrete insulin . (osmosis.org)
Insulin mainly lowers the blood glucose levels by transporting glucose into the cells, and also pushes potassium into cells, which decreases potassium in the blood. (osmosis.org)
Another group are the alpha (α) cells which secrete glucagon , a hormone that does exactly the opposite of insulin , it raises the blood glucose levels by getting the liver to generate glucose from amino acids and lipids , and to break down glycogen into glucose. (osmosis.org)
There are also Delta cells which secrete somatostatin , which decreases the release of other hormones, including insulin , glucagon , and serotonin. (osmosis.org)
It makes fat and muscle cells resistant to the action of insulin , and enhances the production of glucose by the liver. (timberbrit.com)
Insulin helps the cells absorb glucose, reducing blood sugar and providing the cells with glucose for energy. (timberbrit.com)
Insulinoma is a type of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) that originates from islet beta cells, which excessively secrete insulin and cause hypoglycemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Peripheral resistance to insulin due to decreased insulin receptors on target cells. (ndhealthfacts.org)
Subsequent lineage tracing experiments confirm that hormone-expressing endocrine cell types, including alpha cells (expressing glucagon), beta cells (insulin), delta cells (somatostatin), epsilon cells (ghrelin), and PP cells (pancreatic polypeptide), are Neurog3-derived [5] , [6] . (prolekarniky.cz)

in an attempt to differentiate them into islets of Langerhans in order to study their differentiation potential, as a future background for cell therapy. (wnt-receptor.com)
These neuroendocrine cells are present in clusters, or islands, called islets of Langerhans. (osmosis.org)
Finally, there are a few rare cell types called enterochromaffin cells, D1 cells, and G cells, which are scattered in the islets of Langerhans. (osmosis.org)

A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS . (liu.edu)
In the pathology department, using specific tumor markers, doctors use IHC to diagnose whether the tumor is benign or malignant, determine the stage and grade of the tumor, and determine the cell type and source of metastasis in order to find the location of the primary tumor. (medicaltrend.org)

In contrast to sporadic cases of hyperparathyroidism, diffuse hyperplasia or multiple adenomas are more common than solitary adenomas. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple adenomas or diffuse islet cell hyperplasia commonly occurs. (wikipedia.org)
Although a CT of her abdomen could not demonstrate an insulinoma she underwent a distal pancreatectomy and subsequent histology showed islet cell hyperplasia. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Cortisol tinggi biasanya terjadi pada penyakit adrenocortical hypersecretion, adrenal cortical hyperplasia,adenoma, primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, sindrom cushing dan tingggiya ACTH. (prodia.co.id)

When parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to receptors on these cells, the osteocytic membrane pumps calcium ions from the bone fluid into the extracellular fluid. (medscape.com)
This is the first case of MEN1 accompanied with multiple leiomyomas, parathyroid adenoma, pituitary adenoma, pancreatic tumor, and adrenal tumor. (elsevier.com)
Her medical history includes surgical removal of a pituitary prolactinoma and a parathyroid adenoma. (osmosis.org)

Malonaldehyde produced adenomas and carcinomas of the thyroid gland and adenomas of the pancreatic islet cells during a long term gavage treatment of rats. (cdc.gov)
Chronic administration of zuclopenthixol (30 mg/kg/day for two years) in rats resulted in small, but significant, increases in the incidence of thyroid parafollicular carcinomas and, in females, of mammary adenocarcinomas and of pancreatic islet cell adenomas and carcinomas. (forensicorder.com)
75% of lung non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLCs) are positive, adenocarcinomas (ACs) are significantly higher than squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), more than 90% of primary small cell lung cancers (SCLC) are positive, and TTF-1 is positive in non-small cell lung cancers (SCLC). (medicaltrend.org)
A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round "blue cells", granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. (nih.gov)

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. (lookformedical.com)
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
Prix cialis belgique anywhere from gynaecological or villous adenomas: malignant hypertension and can happen if cialis confusion is described in the user would regularly at which may require amputation. (davincipictures.com)
Colorectal cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease in which several and different molecular pathways are involved in transformation of normal colonic epithelium to malignant cells, tumor proliferation and invasion. (por-journal.com)
A rare, rapidly growing malignant tumor of neuroectodermal cell origin that arises in the chest and lungs It shares a common neuroectodermal origin with Ewing sarcoma (of bone). (tabers.com)

1. An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon and is found in the pancreatic islets. (unboundmedicine.com)

The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. (lookformedical.com)
We present a highly unusual case of bilateral and simultaneous pleomorphic adenoma and basal cell adenoma of the parotid gland. (bvsalud.org)
rests between a pleomorphic adenoma. (berea.edu)

An increase in prn risperidone gland, mammary gland, and pancreatic islet cell neoplasia mammary adenocarcinomas, pituitary and pancreatic adenomas was observed in prn risperidone risperidone carcinogenicity studies conducted in mice and ratssee 13. (cfm.org.br)
Most pancreatic cancers arise from exocrine cells and they're called adenocarcinomas , whereas only a minority arise from panNETs. (osmosis.org)
In lymphocytes, Bcl-2 is highly expressed in T-cells, pro-B cells and mature B-cells where lifespan is extended while downregulated in germinal center B-cells where apoptosis forms part of the developmental pathway in order to select only cells producing antibodies with high avidity Overexpression of Bcl-2 is common in many types of cancer, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukaemias, adenocarcinomas e. (evenimente-corporate.ro)
They comprise only 2% of adenomas and 7% of adenocarcinomas of appendix. (introductiontoradiology.net)

Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas begin in the somatotropic cells of the pituitary gland. (1doct.com)

We describe a patient, with reduced consciousness due to apoplexy of a gonadotroph adenoma, in whom there was spontaneous tumour shrinkage. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Gastric EP with serous oligocystic adenoma appearing as a giant gastric cyst is extremely rare. (biomedcentral.com)
The difficulty of making an accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis is highlighted, which may provide additional clinical experience for the diagnosis of EP with serous oligocystic adenoma in the stomach. (biomedcentral.com)

Previously we observed that neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) deficiency in beta tumor cells facilitates metastasis into distant organs and local lymph nodes. (mdc-berlin.de)
These data support a new model for how tumor cells trigger metastasis by perturbing pericyte-endothelial cell-cell interactions. (mdc-berlin.de)
Alongside its role in inflammation, its expression was reported to induce the migration of tumor cells. (por-journal.com)
The expanding knowledge of the molecular pathology of colon cancer resulted in classification of CRC into characteristic molecular subtypes based on gene expression in both tumor cells and infiltrating non tumorous stromal cells, to increase the accuracy of prognosis and design personalized therapies for better management of patients [ 4 ]. (por-journal.com)
Lumbar puncture demonstrates increased pressure and protein levels, decreased glucose levels, and (sometimes) tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (tabers.com)
An altered vascular network determines irregular blood flow, so that tumor cells spread rapidly beyond the diffusion distance of oxygen in the tissue, with the consequent formation of hypoxic or anoxic areas, where the bulk of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside. (hindawi.com)
Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (nih.gov)
Growth factors are important to regulate a variety of cellular processes, which can be secreted by neighboring cells, distant tissues and glands, or even tumor cells themselves. (cusabio.com)

Nonetheless, the presence of receptors on the cells for hormones secreted by the same cells strongly suggests autoregulation. (elsevier.com)
The apparent low affinity of some of these receptors and the presence of receptors for all three islet cell hormones on all islet cells supports the likelihood of paracrine controls. (elsevier.com)
GH acts on cell surface JAKSTAT protein kinase receptors (present on practically all cells). (pharmacy180.com)

Liver is the major source of circulating IGF1, while IGF1 produced by other target cells acts locally in a paracrine manner. (pharmacy180.com)

In hyperfunctioning islets (as in cases of insulinomas or primary hyperinsulinemia), the uptake can be quite pronounced, and 18 F-DOPA PET can be of value for evaluating those patients ( 11 ). (snmjournals.org)

The primary action of 1,25-(OH) 2 D3 is to promote gut absorption of calcium by stimulating formation of calcium-binding protein within the intestinal epithelial cells. (medscape.com)
High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. (lookformedical.com)
It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
In humans, lymphocytes are small cells (6 µm in diameter), columnar epithelial cells (10 µm x 20 µm) are medium-size cells, and mature ova (120 to 150 µm) are some of the largest cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
1. Either of two types of epithelial cells lining the alveoli of the lung. (unboundmedicine.com)
Type I cells are simple, thin squamous epithelial cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
2. In the mammary glands, the milk-secreting epithelial cells, which are activated during lactation. (unboundmedicine.com)
A fine needle aspiration (FNA) was performed, showing the presence of epithelial cells, without atypia (category II according the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology Guidelines) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Histologically, the pineal gland is composed of nests of cells in lobular profiles, with a resemblance to the "zellballens" of paraganglia, surrounded by connective tissue septa containing blood vessels and nerve fibers ( 2 , 3 , 4 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
Randomly distributed throughout the pineal gland in perivascular areas and between pinealocytes are astrocytes as the second main cell population of the pineal gland. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Glyphosate has been shown to induce DNA and chromosomal damage in mammals and in human and animal cells in vitro as well as cancers and tumours in rats/mice. (biosafety-info.net)
Transcriptomic characterization of four classes of cell-cell/cell-matrix genes in brains and hearts of wild type and connexin43 null mice. (elsevier.com)
Increased Expression of GLP-1R in Proliferating Islets of Men1 Mice is Detectable by [ 68 Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys 40 -Exendin-4 /PET. (nih.gov)
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first isolated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients proving that CSCs are able to reproduce many features of human AML in immunodeficient mice [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Genetic resistance to urethan-induced pulmonary adenomas in SMXA RI strains mice. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
Transgenic Expression of a Single Transcription Factor Pdx1 Induces Transdifferentiation of Pancreatic Acinar Cells to Endocrine Cells in Adult Mice. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
Open up in another window Ntrk2 Shape 1 (A) mmu-miR-132 can be more loaded in mice cells set alongside the co-expressed and co-regulated related mmu-miR-212. (health-media.net)

With pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms , neuroendocrine refers to pancreatic cells which release hormones in response to signals from the nerves, and neoplasm refers to a cancer. (osmosis.org)

In order to correctly differentiate placental stem cells into glucagon-secreting cells, we used a culture method on a scaffold BLZ945 solubility dmso with sequential exposure to different growth factors. (wnt-receptor.com)
Results: Our results show that exendin-4 is able to induce the differentiation of placental stem cells into glucagon-secreting cells. (wnt-receptor.com)
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is a naturally occurring peptide secreted by intestinal L-cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

The abnormalities included excessive amounts of beta-cells arranged in "eccentric" islets that were proliferating into the pancreatic ducts. (schmidtlaw.com)
Identification of protease serine S1 family member 53 as a mitochondrial protein in murine islet beta cells, Islets, Vol.14, No.1, 1-13, 2021. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
The onset of endocrine pancreatic islet beta-cells characterized by renal arteries are the prevention? (davincipictures.com)
There is no clear cut difference between an endocrinologist and a diabetologist: an endocrine doctor who is especially handling the care of individuals suffering from the endocrine disorder of the beta cells of the pancreatic islets which are called DM becomes a diabetologist. (drmaheshchavan.com)

The pinealocytes, or chief cells, have basophilic cytoplasm with large irregular nuclei and prominent nucleoli and are arranged in cords or follicles within the lobules. (basicmedicalkey.com)
In Harrison MR, Gollus MS. The spermatozoon, in contrast, forfeits most of its cytoplasm and organelles to transform into a motile cell capable of surviving and functioning outside of the male reproductive system (Fig. (forexsignalx.com)

Cloning of a housekeeping-type gene (MER5) preferentially expressed in murine erythroleukemia cells. (kumamoto-u.ac.jp)
To be able to check whether that is characteristic of the particular cell type or it really is a general trend we assessed the comparative miR-132/212 levels in a number of murine cells (Fig. 1A). (health-media.net)

The positive expression intensity of cell lung cancer (NSCLCs) is negatively correlated with the patient's prognosis, and can be used as an independent prognostic indicator. (medicaltrend.org)

His top areas of expertise are Pancreatic Cancer, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Pancreatic Adenoma, and Renal Oncocytoma. (medifind.com)

People with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 are born with one mutated copy of the MEN1 gene in each cell. (wikipedia.org)
Then, during their lifetime, the other copy of the gene is mutated in a small number of cells. (wikipedia.org)
Assessing tumor progression factors by somatic gene transfer into a mouse model: Bcl-xL promotes islet tumor cell invasion. (umassmed.edu)
TCR transgene into the T cells, together with gene modifying methods eliminating the endogenous TCR expression and disrupting particular inhibitory pathways may enhance adoptively transferred T cells. (influenza-x.org)
Molecular biology techniques were carried out to investigate the gene expression of the stem cells. (wnt-receptor.com)
The AMPK/mTOR pathway is involved in D-dopachrome tautomerase gene transcription in adipocytes differentiated from SGBS cells, a human preadipocyte cell line, Cytokine, Vol.96, 195-202, 2017. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Overexpression of the FOXO1 constitutive active form reduced transcriptional activity of the DDT gene in SGBS cells, but increased it in HEK293 cells. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Cell-type specific effects were also observed in the DDT gene expression of cells treated with AS1842856, a FOXO1 inhibitor. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50) gene, a member of cancer/testis antigens, encodes for a threonine protease enzyme which was first discovered in breast cancer cells. (por-journal.com)
Recent studies reported that activation of TSP50 gene through DNA hypomethylation stimulates proliferation and transformation of cells while hypermethylation with subsequent TSP50 gene silencing or knocking down are associated with inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and inducing apoptosis [ 7 ]. (por-journal.com)
Senescent cells also undergo widespread changes in gene expression, ultimately activating the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype ( SASP ). (nature.com)
This gene, often called a tumor suppressor gene, cannot protect cells from becoming cancerous when it isn't working properly. (choa.org)

abstract = "Cells grown in culture from rat islet cell tumor (parent cells) and clones obtained from them were used in this study. (elsevier.com)

Although it may seem counterintuitive that the cells that promote deposition of bone are involved in resorption, these cells form an interconnected network known as the osteocytic membrane overlying the bone matrix, but with a small layer of interposed fluid termed bone fluid. (medscape.com)
Conversely, tumor cell expression of NCAM in a fibrosarcoma model (T241) improved pericyte recruitment and increased perivascular deposition of ECM molecules. (mdc-berlin.de)
These proteins either arise from proteins expressed by cells at the deposition site (localized), or they precipitate systemically after production at a local site (systemic). (medscape.com)

The vast majority of them are non-Hodgkin s lymphomas (NHL), especially mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas (MALT) and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
ABBR: APUD cell Any of the constituent cells of a diffuse neuroendocrine system, having metabolic pathways that make and utilize serotonin (5-HT). (unboundmedicine.com)

In pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms , one of the many types of neuroendocrine cells mutates and starts dividing uncontrollably, forming a tumor over time. (osmosis.org)

Type II cells, which are smaller and more numerous than Type I cells, secrete pulmonary surfactant. (unboundmedicine.com)

HYPERGLYCEMIA occurs commonly after removal of an islet cell tumor, but the cause is not fully understood. (jamanetwork.com)
Adenomas of adrenal glands occurs occasionally in MEN 1 patients. (wikipedia.org)
However, 20% of the time, this genetic change occurs on its own in an oocyte or sperm cell prior to fertilization. (choa.org)

Eating trans fat also reduces the normal healthy responsiveness of endothelial cells, the cells that line all of our blood vessels. (horsemoms.com)
Ephrin-B2 is specifically expressed in arterial angioblasts, endothelial cells, and perivascular mesenchymal cells, whereas EphB4 is expressed in endothelial cells belonging to the venous lineage only. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms13

Diseases65

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes21

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Mutations and allelic deletions of the MEN1 gene are associated with a subset of sporadic endocrine pancreatic and neuroendocrine tumors and not restricted to foregut neoplasms. (1/311)

Induction of adenocarcinoma from hamster pancreatic islet cells treated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in vitro. (2/311)

Hyperinsulinism: molecular aetiology of focal disease. (3/311)

The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART is expressed in anorectic and non-anorectic pancreatic islet tumors and in the normal islet of Langerhans. (4/311)

Mutations of the DPC4/Smad4 gene in neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. (5/311)

Cellular composition and anatomic distribution in nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors: immunohistochemical study of 30 cases. (6/311)

Immunohistochemical expression of chromogranins A and B, prohormone convertases 2 and 3, and amidating enzyme in carcinoid tumors and pancreatic endocrine tumors. (7/311)

Immunohistochemical localization of betacellulin, a new member of the EGF family, in normal human pancreas and islet tumor cells. (8/311)

Adenoma

Islets of Langerhans

Adenoma, Islet Cell

Islets of Langerhans Transplantation

Carcinoma, Islet Cell

Adenoma, Pleomorphic

Adenoma, Villous

Insulin

Pituitary Neoplasms

Insulin-Secreting Cells

Adrenocortical Adenoma

Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

Adenoma, Liver Cell

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Insulinoma

Glucagon

Glucagon-Secreting Cells

Adenoma, Chromophobe

Pancreas

Glucose

Glucagonoma

Somatostatin

Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

Colorectal Neoplasms

Pancreatic Neoplasms

Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental

Colonic Polyps

ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

Pancreatic Ducts

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Adenoma, Acidophil

Immunohistochemistry

Colonoscopy

Adenomatous Polyps

Streptozocin

Prolactinoma

Glutamate Decarboxylase

Insulin Antibodies

Somatostatin-Secreting Cells

Autoantibodies

Adenoma, Basophil

Mice, Inbred NOD

Pancreatectomy

Blood Glucose

Proinsulin

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8

Hyperplasia

Alloxan

Pancreatic Hormones

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli

C-Peptide

Cells, Cultured

Mice, Transgenic

Glucose Tolerance Test

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Rats, Inbred BB

Graft Survival

Acromegaly

Homeodomain Proteins

Cushing Syndrome

Genes, APC

RNA, Messenger

Autoantigens

Apudoma

Receptors, Somatostatin

Rats, Wistar

Hyperparathyroidism

Diazoxide

Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Vipoma

Colonic Neoplasms

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Intestinal Neoplasms

Subrenal Capsule Assay

4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide

Apoptosis

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Tolbutamide

Neoplasms, Multiple Primary