Adenoma islet cell. Medical search

A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN.

A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.

The transference of pancreatic islets within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.

A primary malignant neoplasm of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the non-INSULIN-producing cell types, the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS) in GLUCAGONOMA and SOMATOSTATINOMA, respectively.

A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)

An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.

A type of pancreatic cell representing about 50-80% of the islet cells. Beta cells secrete INSULIN.

A benign neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is characterized by a well-defined nodular lesion, usually less than 2.5 cm. Most adrenocortical adenomas are nonfunctional. The functional ones are yellow and contain LIPIDS. Depending on the cell type or cortical zone involved, they may produce ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE.

A pancreatic beta-cell hormone that is co-secreted with INSULIN. It displays an anorectic effect on nutrient metabolism by inhibiting gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying and postprandial GLUCAGON secretion. Islet amyloid polypeptide can fold into AMYLOID FIBRILS that have been found as a major constituent of pancreatic AMYLOID DEPOSITS.

A benign epithelial tumor of the LIVER.

A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.

A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.

A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511)

A type of pancreatic cell representing about 5-20% of the islet cells. Alpha cells secrete GLUCAGON.

A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.

A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

An almost always malignant GLUCAGON-secreting tumor derived from the PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS. It is characterized by a distinctive migratory ERYTHEMA; WEIGHT LOSS; STOMATITIS; GLOSSITIS; DIABETES MELLITUS; hypoaminoacidemia; and normochromic normocytic ANEMIA.

A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, and other organs. SRIF can also inhibit the release of THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; and GLUCAGON besides acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In a number of species including humans, there is an additional form of somatostatin, SRIF-28 with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal.

A pituitary tumor that secretes GROWTH HORMONE. In humans, excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE leads to ACROMEGALY.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.

Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.

A pituitary adenoma which secretes ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN, leading to CUSHING DISEASE.

Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.

A 36-amino acid pancreatic hormone that is secreted mainly by endocrine cells found at the periphery of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS and adjacent to cells containing SOMATOSTATIN and GLUCAGON. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), when administered peripherally, can suppress gastric secretion, gastric emptying, pancreatic enzyme secretion, and appetite. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been associated with OBESITY in rats and mice.

A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.

Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals.

A pituitary adenoma which secretes PROLACTIN, leading to HYPERPROLACTINEMIA. Clinical manifestations include AMENORRHEA; GALACTORRHEA; IMPOTENCE; HEADACHE; visual disturbances; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA.

A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that catalyzes the alpha-decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid to form gamma-aminobutyric acid and carbon dioxide. The enzyme is found in bacteria and in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in determining GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in normal nervous tissues. The brain enzyme also acts on L-cysteate, L-cysteine sulfinate, and L-aspartate. EC 4.1.1.15.

Antibodies specific to INSULIN.

Endocrine cells found throughout the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and in islets of the PANCREAS. D cells secrete SOMATOSTATIN that acts in both an endocrine and paracrine manner. Somatostatin acts on a variety of tissues including the PITUITARY GLAND; gastrointestinal tract; pancreas; and KIDNEY by inhibiting the release of hormones, such as GROWTH HORMONE; GASTRIN; INSULIN; and RENIN.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

A small tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland whose cells stain with basic dyes. It may give rise to excessive secretion of ACTH, resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME. (Dorland, 27th ed)

A strain of non-obese diabetic mice developed in Japan that has been widely studied as a model for T-cell-dependent autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in which insulitis is a major histopathologic feature, and in which genetic susceptibility is strongly MHC-linked.

Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Glucose in blood.

A pancreatic polypeptide of about 110 amino acids, depending on the species, that is the precursor of insulin. Proinsulin, produced by the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, is comprised sequentially of the N-terminal B-chain, the proteolytically removable connecting C-peptide, and the C-terminal A-chain. It also contains three disulfide bonds, two between A-chain and B-chain. After cleavage at two locations, insulin and C-peptide are the secreted products. Intact proinsulin with low bioactivity also is secreted in small amounts.

Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.

A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain an extracellular RDGS-adhesion recognition motif and a single cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphate domain.

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

Peptide hormones secreted into the blood by cells in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS of the pancreas. The alpha cells secrete glucagon; the beta cells secrete insulin; the delta cells secrete somatostatin; and the PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.

The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A test to determine the ability of an individual to maintain HOMEOSTASIS of BLOOD GLUCOSE. It includes measuring blood glucose levels in a fasting state, and at prescribed intervals before and after oral glucose intake (75 or 100 g) or intravenous infusion (0.5 g/kg).

A strain of Rattus norvegicus which is a model for spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN-DEPENDENT).

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.

Tumor suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of human chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI) and GARDNER SYNDROME, as well as some sporadic colorectal cancers.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

A general term collectively applied to tumors associated with the APUD CELLS series, irrespective of their specific identification.

Cell surface proteins that bind somatostatin and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Somatostatin is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Activated somatostatin receptors on pituitary cells inhibit the release of growth hormone; those on endocrine and gastrointestinal cells regulate the absorption and utilization of nutrients; and those on neurons mediate somatostatin's role as a neurotransmitter.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.

A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.

Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.

A tumor that secretes VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE, a neuropeptide that causes VASODILATION; relaxation of smooth muscles; watery DIARRHEA; HYPOKALEMIA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. Vipomas, derived from the pancreatic ISLET CELLS, generally are malignant and can secrete other hormones. In most cases, Vipomas are located in the PANCREAS but can be found in extrapancreatic sites.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.

In vivo method of screening investigative anticancer drugs and biologic response modifiers for individual cancer patients. Fresh tumor tissue is implanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompetent mice or rats; gross and histological assessments follow several days after tumor treatment in situ.

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)

Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.

A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.

Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

A fibrous protein complex that consists of proteins folded into a specific cross beta-pleated sheet structure. This fibrillar structure has been found as an alternative folding pattern for a variety of functional proteins. Deposits of amyloid in the form of AMYLOID PLAQUES are associated with a variety of degenerative diseases. The amyloid structure has also been found in a number of functional proteins that are unrelated to disease.

Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.

A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME.

A potent, long-acting synthetic SOMATOSTATIN octapeptide analog that inhibits secretion of GROWTH HORMONE and is used to treat hormone-secreting tumors; DIABETES MELLITUS; HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC; HYPERINSULINISM; hypergastrinemia; and small bowel fistula.

Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.

Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.

Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

An irregular unpaired bone situated at the SKULL BASE and wedged between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones (FRONTAL BONE; TEMPORAL BONE; OCCIPITAL BONE). Sphenoid bone consists of a median body and three pairs of processes resembling a bat with spread wings. The body is hollowed out in its inferior to form two large cavities (SPHENOID SINUS).

Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Secretory cells of the ductless glands. They secrete HORMONES directly into the blood circulation (internal secretion) to be carried to the target cells. The secreted chemicals can be PEPTIDES; STEROIDS; NEUROPEPTIDES; or BIOGENIC AMINES.

Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.

A subfamily of HELIX-TURN-HELIX DNA-binding proteins that contain a variable length loop adjacent to the HTH motif. The loop connects two anti-parallel strands and forms a wing when bound to DNA.

A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.

A glucose transport facilitator that is expressed primarily in PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; LIVER; and KIDNEYS. It may function as a GLUCOSE sensor to regulate INSULIN release and glucose HOMEOSTASIS.

A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. They play important roles in the aggregation, packaging, sorting, and processing of secretory protein prior to secretion. They are cleaved to release biologically active peptides. There are various types of granins, usually classified by their sources.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and D-glucose to ADP and D-glucose 6-phosphate. They are found in invertebrates and microorganisms, and are highly specific for glucose. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.2.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.

The transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.

A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.

Tumors or cancer of the DUODENUM.

A subtype of non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases that includes two distinctive targeting motifs; an N-terminal motif specific for the INSULIN RECEPTOR, and a C-terminal motif specific for the SH3 domain containing proteins. This subtype includes a hydrophobic domain which localizes it to the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.

A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period of time; usually applies to those substances which are formed by glandular tissues and are released by them into biological fluids, e.g., secretory rate of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, secretory rate of gastric acid by the gastric mucosa.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A SOMATOSTATIN-secreting tumor derived from the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS). It is also found in the INTESTINE. Somatostatinomas are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS; CHOLELITHIASIS; STEATORRHEA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. The majority of somatostatinomas have the potential for METASTASIS.

Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.

The process by which organs are kept viable outside of the organism from which they were removed (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.

Transplantation between animals of different species.

A group of islet cells (10-35%) which secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE, a hormone that regulates APPETITE and FOOD INTAKE.

The major component (about 80%) of the PANCREAS composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as TRYPSINOGEN; LIPASE; AMYLASE; and RIBONUCLEASE. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the DUODENUM.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A bony prominence situated on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid bone. It houses the PITUITARY GLAND.

A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the sigmoid flexure.

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

The common precursor polypeptide of pancreatic GLUCAGON and intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Proglucagon is the 158-amino acid segment of preproglucagon without the N-terminal signal sequence. Proglucagon is expressed in the PANCREAS; INTESTINES; and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Posttranslational processing of proglucagon is tissue-specific yielding numerous bioactive peptides.

Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.

INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.

A family of DNA-binding transcription factors that contain a basic HELIX-LOOP-HELIX MOTIF.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

Substances which lower blood glucose levels.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.

A form of multiple endocrine neoplasia that is characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors in the PARATHYROID GLANDS, the PITUITARY GLAND, and the PANCREATIC ISLETS. The resulting clinical signs include HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; HYPERCALCEMIA; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; CUSHING DISEASE; GASTRINOMA; and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. This disease is due to loss-of-function of the MEN1 gene, a tumor suppressor gene (GENES, TUMOR SUPPRESSOR) on CHROMOSOME 11 (Locus: 11q13).

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.

The sudden loss of blood supply to the PITUITARY GLAND, leading to tissue NECROSIS and loss of function (PANHYPOPITUITARISM). The most common cause is hemorrhage or INFARCTION of a PITUITARY ADENOMA. It can also result from acute hemorrhage into SELLA TURCICA due to HEAD TRAUMA; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; or other acute effects of central nervous system hemorrhage. Clinical signs include severe HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; bilateral visual disturbances; UNCONSCIOUSNESS; and COMA.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

A subclass of LIM domain proteins that include an additional centrally-located homeodomain region that binds AT-rich sites on DNA. Many LIM-homeodomain proteins play a role as transcriptional regulators that direct cell fate.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions.

A generic name for film produced from wood pulp by the viscose process. It is a thin, transparent sheeting of regenerated cellulose, moisture-proof and sometimes dyed, and used chiefly as food wrapping or as bags for dialysis. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Cells with the capacity to take up and decarboxylate the amine precursors DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE or 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN. This is a property of endocrine cells of neural and non-neural origin. APUDOMA is a general term collectively applied to tumors associated with APUD cells.

Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid.

The proteinaceous component of the pancreatic stone in patients with PANCREATITIS.

An inherited autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by the disorganized formation of new islets in the PANCREAS and CONGENITAL HYPERINSULINISM. It is due to focal hyperplasia of pancreatic ISLET CELLS budding off from the ductal structures and forming new islets of Langerhans. Mutations in the islet cells involve the potassium channel gene KCNJ11 or the ATP-binding cassette transporter gene ABCC8, both on CHROMOSOME 11.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type.

The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).

A negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling which is mutant in ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI and GARDNER SYNDROME.

Excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Antineoplastic agent that is also used as a veterinary anesthetic. It has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Urethane is suspected to be a carcinogen.

Hard or soft soluble containers used for the oral administration of medicine.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. The tissue may be autologous, heterologous, or homologous.

A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.

An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

Transmembrane proteins that form the beta subunits of the HLA-DQ antigens.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)

A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between TRANSVERSE COLON and the SIGMOID COLON.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.

Excision of one or both adrenal glands. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Mutations and allelic deletions of the MEN1 gene are associated with a subset of sporadic endocrine pancreatic and neuroendocrine tumors and not restricted to foregut neoplasms. (1/311)

Endocrine pancreatic tumors (EPT) and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) occur sporadically and rarely in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). We analyzed the frequency of allelic deletions and mutations of the recently identified MEN1 gene in 53 sporadic tumors including 30 EPT and 23 NET (carcinoids) of different locations and types. Allelic deletion of the MEN1 locus was identified in 18/49 (36.7%) tumors (13/30, 43.3% in EPT and 5/19, 26.3% in NET) and mutations of the MEN1 gene were present in 8/52 (15.3%) tumors (4/30 (13.3%) EPT and 4/22 (18.1%) NET). The somatic mutations were clustered in the 5' region of the coding sequence and most frequently encompassed missense mutations. All tumors with mutations exhibited a loss of the other allele and a wild-type sequence of the MEN1 gene in nontumorous DNA. In one additional patient with a NET of the lung and no clinical signs or history of MEN1, a 5178-9G-->A splice donor site mutation in intron 4 was identified in both the tumor and blood DNA, indicating the presence of a thus far unknown MEN1 syndrome. In most tumor groups the frequency of allelic deletions at 11q13 was 2 to 3 times higher than the frequency of identified MEN1 gene mutations. Some tumor types, including rare forms of EPT and NET of the duodenum and small intestine, exhibited mutations more frequently than other types. Furthermore, somatic mutations were not restricted to foregut tumors but were also detectable in a midgut tumor (15.2% versus 16.6%). Our data indicate that somatic MEN1 gene mutations contribute to a subset of sporadic EPT and NET, including midgut tumors. Because the frequency of mutations varies significantly among the investigated tumor subgroups and allelic deletions are 2 to 3 times more frequently observed, factors other than MEN1 gene inactivation, including other tumor-suppressor genes on 11q13, may also be involved in the tumorigenesis of these neoplasms. (+info)

Induction of adenocarcinoma from hamster pancreatic islet cells treated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in vitro. (2/311)

Our previous studies in the hamster pancreatic cancer model have indicated that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas derive not only from ductal/ductular cells but also from islets. To verify the presence of carcinogen-responsive cells within islets, we tested the effect of the pancreatic carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) on recently established continuous hamster pancreatic islet culture. Isolated pure pancreatic islets of hamsters were treated in vitro with BOP at a concentration of 0.25 mM three times a week for 19 weeks. Each treatment week was designed as a stage. The growth of these cells, designated KL5B, was compared with untreated cultured islets, designated KL5N. As in our previous study, between 14 and 21 days of culture, exocrine and intermediary cells developed within both KL5N and KL5B islets, which were then replaced by undifferentiated cells. No differences were found in the growth patterns of KL5N and KL5B until stage 4, when KL5B cells showed accelerated cell growth and cell pleomorphism, which increased gradually at later stages of treatment. Anchorage-independent and in vivo growth did not appear until stage 19. Mutation of c-Ki-ras at codon 12 (GGT-->GAT) was detected in KL5B cells but not in KL5N cells. In vivo KL5B cells formed anaplastic invasive cancer with areas of glandular formation, overexpressed TGF-alpha and EGFR, expressed cytokeratin, vimentin, laminin and alpha-1 antitrypsin and reacted strongly with L-phytohemagglutinin and tomato lectin. Some cells within islets are responsive to the carcinogenic effects of BOP. Whether these cells represent islet cell precursors (stem cells) or malignant transdifferentiated islet cells remains to be seen. (+info)

Hyperinsulinism: molecular aetiology of focal disease. (3/311)

Persistent hypoglycaemia in infancy is most commonly caused by hyperinsulinism. A case is reported of the somatic loss of the maternal 11p in an insulin secreting focal adenoma in association with a germline SUR-1 mutation on the paternal allele in a baby boy with hyperinsulinism diagnosed at 49 days old. A reduction to homozygosity of an SUR-1 mutation is proposed as a critical part of the cause of focal hyperinsulinism. (+info)

The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART is expressed in anorectic and non-anorectic pancreatic islet tumors and in the normal islet of Langerhans. (4/311)

The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART (cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript) is expressed at high levels in anorectic rat glucagonomas but not in hypoglycemic insulinomas. However, a non-anorectic metastasis derived from the glucagonoma retained high CART expression levels and produced circulating CART levels comparable to that of the anorectic tumors. Moreover, distinct glucagonoma lines derived by stable HES-1 transfection of the insulinoma caused severe anorexia but retained low circulating levels of CART comparable to that of insulinoma bearing or control rats. Islet tumor associated anorexia and circulating CART levels are thus not correlated, and in line with this peripheral administration of CART (5-50 mg/kg) produced no effect on feeding behavior. In the rat two alternatively spliced forms of CART mRNA exist and quantitative PCR revealed expression of both forms in the hypothalamus, in the different islet tumors, and in the islets of Langerhans. Immunocytochemistry as well as in situ hybridization localized CART expression to the somatostatin producing islet D cell. A potential endocrine/paracrine role of islet CART remains to be clarified. (+info)

Mutations of the DPC4/Smad4 gene in neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. (5/311)

Tumors of the endocrine pancreas are extremely rare, and molecular mechanisms leading to their development are not well understood. A candidate tumor suppressor gene, DPC4, located at 18q21, has recently been shown to be inactivated in half of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts. The close anatomical relationship of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas prompted us to determine the role of DPC4 in the tumorigenesis of 25 pancreatic islet cell tumors (11 insulinomas, nine non-functioning endocrine carcinomas, three gastrinomas, two vipomas). A mutation screening of the highly conserved COOH-terminal domain of DPC4 (exons 8-11) was performed by single-strand conformational variant (SSCP) analysis and a PCR-based deletion assay. Five of nine (55%) non-functioning endocrine pancreatic carcinomas revealed either point mutations, small intragenic deletions or homozygous deletion of DPC4 sequences compared to none of the insulinomas, gastrinomas or vipomas. These results suggest that DPC4 is an important target gene promoting tumorigenesis of non-functioning neuroendocrine pancreatic carcinomas. (+info)

Cellular composition and anatomic distribution in nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors: immunohistochemical study of 30 cases. (6/311)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytological pattern and distribution in nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors. METHODS: Using labeled streptavidin-biotin (LSAB), immunohistochemical staining for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin was performed on 30 nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors from 30 patients. The cellular composition and anatomic distribution in these tumors were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 30 tumor tissues, 22 (73.3%) were found to contain cells immunoreactive to 1-4 kinds of peptide hormones; 17 (56.7%) showed positive staining for more than one peptide and up to 4 peptides; and 8 (26.7%) showed negative immunoreaction to all antiserum applied. No tumor was found to contain immunoreactive gastrin. Among 17 multihormonal tumors, 4 contained 2 kinds of peptide hormones, 8 had 3 kinds, and 5 harbored 4 kinds of peptide hormones. In addition, the difference in the number and type of positive endocrine cells between the tumors arising from the head of the pancreas and those arising from the body and tail of the pancreas were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemically, the high positive rate to peptide hormones suggests that the nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors are actually not nonfunctioning; they are asymptomatic pancreatic endocrine tumors. Moreover, an uneven distribution of positive endocrine cells in the nonfunctioning pancreas endocrine tumors within the pancreas was identified. (+info)

Immunohistochemical expression of chromogranins A and B, prohormone convertases 2 and 3, and amidating enzyme in carcinoid tumors and pancreatic endocrine tumors. (7/311)

Although chromogranin A (CgA) is widely distributed in neuroendocrine tumors, the distribution of chromogranin B (CgB) has not been elucidated. Hormones produced by tumors are sometimes prohormones and not necessarily bioactive hormones. Prohormones have to be processed into bioactive peptides by prohormone convertases (PCs), and some of them have to be amidated by peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase (PGM). Whether PCs and PGM are present or not in tumors may explain why some tumors are functioning and some are nonfunctioning. We investigated 45 carcinoids and 16 pancreatic endocrine tumors. Of the carcinoids, CgA was expressed in most of the tumors, except for the rectal and ovarian carcinoids, which expressed CgB strongly. The expressions of PC2, PC3, and PGM were 31%, 100%, and 87%, respectively. In the pancreatic tumors, CgA was expressed in all tumors, whereas CgB was not expressed in any tumor. The expressions of PC2, PC3, and PGM were 63%, 88%, and 63%, respectively. PC3 was expressed in all of the functioning tumors but not in two of the four nonfunctioning tumors. PC2 and PGM were not expressed in three of the four nonfunctioning tumors. In conclusion, expression of CgA and CgB was different depending on the tumor location. High frequency of PCs and PGM may explain why even nonfunctioning tumors produce some inconspicuous peptides. (+info)

Immunohistochemical localization of betacellulin, a new member of the EGF family, in normal human pancreas and islet tumor cells. (8/311)

Betacellulin (BTC) purified from mouse beta cell tumor (betaTC-3) is a new member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family which can bind receptor tyrosine kinase, EGF receptor (erbB1) and erbB4. It has been demonstrated that proBTC mRNA was abundantly expressed in human pancreas tissue, and that BTC converted amylase-secreting rat acinar cell line (AR42J) into insulin-secreting cells, suggesting that BTC might be important for the growth and/or differentiation of islet cells. However, the cell type producing BTC in the pancreas has not been clarified. In this study, we examined the localization of BTC in human pancreas and islet cell tumors. Immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies to human BTC revealed that this protein was produced in alpha cells and duct cells, and probably in beta cells in normal adult pancreas. Furthermore, strong immunoreactivity to BTC was detected in primitive duct cells of the fetal pancreas, and both insulinoma and glucagonoma cells also showed positive immunoreactivity to BTC. EGF receptor (erbB1) and erbB4 were expressed mainly in islet and duct cells, and duct cells, respectively. These results demonstrate the localization of BTC and its receptors, and suggest that BTC may be one of the factors that have physiologically important roles such as growth and differentiation of islet cells in the human pancreas. (+info)

... diffuse hyperplasia or multiple adenomas are more common than solitary adenomas. Pancreatic islet cell tumors are today the ... of islet cell tumors originate from a β-cell, secrete insulin (insulinoma), and can cause fasting hypoglycemia. β-cell tumors ... Multiple adenomas or diffuse islet cell hyperplasia commonly occurs. About 30% of tumors are malignant and have local or ... Most islet cell tumors secrete pancreatic polypeptide, the clinical significance of which is unknown. Gastrin is secreted by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia_type_1

... "islet cell adenoma". Beta cells secrete insulin in response to increases in blood glucose. The resulting increase in insulin ... The first report of a surgical cure of hypoglycemia by removing an islet cell tumour was in 1929. An insulinoma removed from a ... Insulinoma is one of the most common types of tumors arising from the islets of Langerhans cells (pancreatic endocrine tumors ... Streptozotocin is used in islet cell carcinomas which produce excessive insulin. Combination chemotherapy is used, either ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulinoma

"The biosynthesis of insulin and a probable precursor of insulin by a human islet cell adenoma". Proceedings of the National ... Within the pancreatic islets, beta cells constitute 65-80% of all the cells.[citation needed] Insulin consists of two ... "Metabolic fate of glucose in purified islet cells. Glucose-regulated anaplerosis in beta cells". The Journal of Biological ... Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans release insulin in two phases. The first-phase release is rapidly triggered in response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin

... and increased pancreatic islet-cell adenoma in male rats. In reproductive toxicity studies performed in rats and rabbits, no ... Workers exposed to glyphosate were about twice as likely to get B cell lymphoma. A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis ... of the same studies found a correlation between occupational exposure to glyphosate formulations and increased risk of B cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphosate

... of mammary adenocarcinomas and of pancreatic islet cell adenomas and carcinomas. An increase in the incidence of mammary ... An increase in the incidence of pancreatic islet cell tumours has been observed for some other D2 antagonists. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuclopenthixol

... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C19.344.421.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C19.344.421.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C19.344.421.500.124 ... growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma MeSH C19.344.609.792 - prolactinoma MeSH C19.344.762.500 - sertoli-leydig cell tumor ... MeSH C19.053.098.265 - adrenal cortex neoplasms MeSH C19.053.098.265.500 - adrenocortical adenoma MeSH C19.053.098.265.750 - ... granulosa cell tumor MeSH C19.344.410.464 - luteoma MeSH C19.344.410.531 - meigs syndrome MeSH C19.344.410.648 - sertoli-leydig ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C19)

... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C06.301.761.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C06.301.761.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C06.301.761.500.124 ... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C06.689.667.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C06.689.667.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C06.689.667.500.124 ... adenoma, liver cell MeSH C06.301.623.160 - carcinoma, hepatocellular MeSH C06.301.623.460 - liver neoplasms, experimental MeSH ... adenoma, liver cell MeSH C06.552.697.160 - carcinoma, hepatocellular MeSH C06.552.697.580 - liver neoplasms, experimental MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C06)

Islet cell adenoma or adenomatosis Islet cell carcinoma Adult nesidioblastosis Autoimmune insulin syndrome Noninsulinoma ... Hyperinsulinism due to diffuse overactivity of beta cells, such as in many of the forms of congenital hyperinsulinism, and more ... Streptozotocin is a specific beta cell toxin and has been used to treat insulin-producing pancreatic carcinoma. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinsulinemic_hypoglycemia

... a hereditary disorder characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia and pancreatic islet-cell and pituitary adenomas, is caused by a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetrance

... emphasis that was placed on the observed precise histological recapitulation of normal islet cell structure within the adenomas ... In that report, these lesions were adjudicated as histologically benign adenoma growths, that were associated with severe, long ... Neuroendocrine tumor Laidlaw GF (1938). "Nesidioblastoma, the islet tumor of the pancreas". Am J Pathol. 14 (2): 125-34. PMC ... a more diffuse hyperplasia of the pancreatic beta cells is found, often with an abnormal microscopic appearance. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesidioblastoma

Pancreatic tumours involve the islet cells, giving rise to gastrinomas or insulinomas. In rare cases, adrenal cortex tumours ... MEN1 pituitary tumours are adenomas of anterior cells, typically prolactinomas or growth hormone-secreting. ... cell division, cell proliferation, and genome stability. Insulinomas are neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas with an ... oftentimes a large deletion occurring in the predisposed endocrine cell and providing cells with the survival advantaged needed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEN1

It often affects the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cells, and anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. MEN1 may also cause ... benign adenoma, invasive adenoma, and carcinomas. Most adenomas are benign, approximately 35% are invasive and just 0.1% to 0.2 ... Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland. Pituitary adenomas are generally divided into three categories ... Various types of headaches are common in patients with pituitary adenomas. The adenoma may be the prime causative factor behind ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma

In mammals the primary sensors for this are the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. The beta cells respond to a rise in the ... over-production of parathyroid hormone by a parathyroid adenoma resulting in the typically features of hyperparathyroidism, ... Here blood sugar regulation is unable to function because the beta cells of the pancreatic islets are destroyed and cannot ... The fat cells take up glucose through special glucose transporters (GLUT4), whose numbers in the cell wall are increased as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis

... familial Pancreatic diseases Pancreatic islet cell neoplasm Pancreatic islet cell tumors Pancreatic lipomatosis duodenal ... of Mantoux Palsy cerebral Panayiotopoulos syndrome Pancreas agenesis Pancreas divisum Pancreatic adenoma Pancreatic beta cell ... stenosis with Café au lait spot Punctate acrokeratoderma freckle like pigmentation Punctate inner choroidopathy Pure red cell ... chronic arthritis Pavone-Fiumara-Rizzo syndrome Peanut hypersensitivity Pearson's marrow/pancreas syndrome Pediatric T-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(P)

The islet cell autoantibodies are absent in MODY in at least some populations (Japanese, Britons). Persistence of a low insulin ... Liver adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma in MODY type 3 Renal cysts, rudimentary or bicornuate uterus, vaginal aplasia, ... found that about one quarter of Central European MODY patients are positive for islet cell autoantibodies (GABA and IA2A). ... Urbanova J, Rypackova B, Prochazkova Z, Kucera P, Cerna M, Andel M, Heneberg P (2014). "Positivity for islet cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturity_onset_diabetes_of_the_young

Islet cell transplantation *see also digestive system procedures. Pituitary. *Hypophysectomy. *Transsphenoidal surgery * ... June 2007). "Apoplexy accompanying pituitary adenoma as a complication of preoperative anterior pituitary function tests". Acta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_rapid_anterior_pituitary_evaluation_panel

PIN III M8149/0 Canalicular adenoma M8150/0 Islet cell adenoma (C25._) Islet cell tumor, benign Nesidioblastoma Islet cell ... M8550/0 Acinar cell adenoma Acinar adenoma Acinic cell adenoma M8550/1 Acinar cell tumor Acinic cell tumor M8550/3 Acinar cell ... M8150/3 Islet cell carcinoma (C25._) Islet cell adenocarcinoma (M8151/0) Insulinoma, NOS (C25._) Beta cell adenoma M8151/3 ... Oxyphilic adenoma Oncocytic adenoma Oncocytoma Hurthle cell adenoma (C73.9) Hurthle cell tumor Follicular adenoma, oxyphilic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases_for_Oncology

... they cannot penetrate cell membranes. Thus, GH exerts some of its effects by binding to receptors on target cells, where it ... Eventually, the adenoma may become large enough to cause headaches, impair vision by pressure on the optic nerves, or cause ... liver uptake of glucose Promotes gluconeogenesis in the liver Contributes to the maintenance and function of pancreatic islets ... cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development. GH also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone

... as well as hepatocellular adenoma. HNF-1 protein is present in clear cell carcinoma of ovary In humans, mutations in HNF1A ... and GLUT2 transporter expression in pancreatic β-cells and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene expression in pancreatic islets ... It has been shown to affect intestinal epithelial cell growth and cell lineages differentiation. For instance, HNF1A is an ... "Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1A Is a Cell-Intrinsic Transcription Factor Required for B Cell Differentiation and Development in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNF1A

Cell. 125 (4): 801-14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032. PMID 16713569. Dasgupta I, Sanglas L, Enghild JJ, Lindberg I (September ... Lloyd RV, Jin L (March 1994). "Analysis of chromogranin/secretogranin messenger RNAs in human pituitary adenomas". Diagnostic ... "Secretory protein 7B2 is associated with pancreatic hormones within normal islets and some experimentally induced tumors". ... May 2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCG5

Bornstein's scientific focus lies on the adrenal gland as on organ of stress, stem cell research and advances in islet cell ... 1998). Aberrant interleukin-1 receptors in a cortisol-secreting adrenal adenoma causing Cushing's syndrome.. In: N Engl J Med. ... 2012). Isolation, characterization, and differentiation of progenitor cells from human adult adrenal medulla. In: Stem Cells ... In: Cell Metab. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.005 A. Chatzigeorgiou u. a. (2014). Blocking CD40-TRAF6 signaling is a therapeutic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_R._Bornstein

"Pyruvate kinase M2 is a target of the tumor-suppressive microRNA-326 and regulates the survival of glioma cells". Neuro- ... "Altered microRNA expression profile in human pituitary GH adenomas: down-regulation of miRNA targeting HMGA1, HMGA2, and E2F1 ... "Increased expression of microRNA miR-326 in type 1 diabetic patients with ongoing islet autoimmunity". Diabetes/Metabolism ... and miR-326 in the adipogenic differentiation process of adipose-derived stem cells". OMICS. 13 (4): 331-6. doi:10.1089/omi. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-326_microRNA_precursor_family

... cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development. It is a type ... These somatotroph adenomas are benign and grow slowly, gradually producing more and more GH. For years, the principal clinical ... Contributes to the maintenance and function of pancreatic islets. *Stimulates the immune system ... Somatotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland then synthesize and secrete GH in a pulsatile manner, in response to these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hgh

... adenoma, bile duct MeSH C04.557.470.035.095 - adenoma, chromophobe MeSH C04.557.470.035.100 - adenoma, islet cell MeSH C04.557. ... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C04.588.274.761.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C04.588.274.761.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C04.588. ... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C04.588.322.421.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C04.588.322.421.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C04.588. ... liver cell MeSH C04.557.470.035.140 - adenoma, oxyphilic MeSH C04.557.470.035.155 - adenoma, pleomorphic MeSH C04.557.470.035. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C04)

... islet cell Rectal cancer Bladder cancer Cervical cancer Endometrial cancer Extragonadal germ cell tumor Ovarian cancer Ovarian ... Bronchial adenomas/carcinoids Small cell lung cancer Mesothelioma Non-small cell lung cancer Pleuropulmonary blastoma Laryngeal ... cell lymphoma Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma Mast cell leukemia Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma Multiple myeloma/plasma cell ... leukemia Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma Hairy cell leukemia Hepatosplenic T-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cancer_types

... pancreatic islet cells and lymphoid cells. PAX8 and other transcription factors play a role in binding to DNA and regulating ... nephrogenic adenomas, ovarian cancer cells, bladder, prostate, and endometrial carcinomas. Tumors expressing the PAX8/PPARy are ... cell polarity and transport, cell motility and adhesion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with thyroid dysgenesis, ... cell-cycle processes). PAX8 is shown to be involved in tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, signal transduction, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX8

This protein is thought to be involved in potassium chloride-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation. This protein plays ... and pancreatic islet of Langerhans-specific Ca2+-binding protein". J Biol Chem. 275 (32): 24740-51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001974200 ... "Proteomics and transcriptomics analyses of secretagogin down-regulation in human non-functional pituitary adenomas". Pituitary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretagogin

... pancreatic islet cells and lymphoid cells.[8] PAX8 and other transcription factors play a role in binding to DNA and regulating ... nephrogenic adenomas, ovarian cancer cells, bladder, prostate, and endometrial carcinomas.[9] The mechanism of switching on the ... regulation of metanephric nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. • cell differentiation. • mesonephric tubule ... positive regulation of metanephric DCT cell differentiation. • negative regulation of mesenchymal cell apoptotic process ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX8

... is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid gland in ... An increased incidence of pituitary adenomas has been reported in rats given synthetic salmon calcitonin for 1 year. This is ... with PTH and Vitamin D3.The CALC1 gene belongs to a superfamily of related protein hormone precursors including islet amyloid ... They include: C-cell hyperplasia, nonthyroidal oat cell carcinoma, nonthyroidal carcinoma and other nonthyroidal malignancies, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitonin

... modulates pancreatic islet β-cell function strongly implicating its significant association with GDM risk. T alleles of ... "Association of the TCF7L2 polymorphism with colorectal cancer and adenoma risk". Cancer Causes & Control. 19 (9): 975-80. doi: ... TCF7L2 is primarily expressed in brain, liver, intestine and fat cells. It does not primarily operate in the β-cells in the ... Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (January 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell. 128 (1): 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF7L2

In mammals the primary sensors for this are the beta cells of the pancreatic islets.[34][35] The beta cells respond to a rise ... over-production of parathyroid hormone by a parathyroid adenoma resulting in the typically features of hyperparathyroidism, ... Here blood sugar regulation is unable to function because the beta cells of the pancreatic islets are destroyed and cannot ... The fat cells take up glucose through special glucose transporters (GLUT4), whose numbers in the cell wall are increased as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis

... a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. ... Islets of pancreas. *Alpha cell. *Beta cell. *PP cell. *Delta ... A lactotropic cell (also known as prolactin cell, epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell ... Prolactin cells are acidophilic by hematoxylin & eosin stains and comprise about 20% of all cells in the anterior pituitary ... This cell biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolactin_cell

... and increased pancreatic islet-cell adenoma in male rats.[8] In reproductive toxicity studies performed in rats and rabbits, no ... Workers exposed to glyphosate were about twice as likely to get B cell lymphoma.[7] A 2016 systematic review and meta-analysis ... of the same studies found a correlation between occupational exposure to glyphosate formulations and increased risk of B cell ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphosate

Islets of pancreas. *Alpha cell. *Beta cell. *PP cell. *Delta cell. *Epsilon cell ... Pituitary adenomas, noncancerous tumors that occur in the pituitary gland.. All of the functions of the pituitary gland can be ... There is also a non-endocrine cell population called folliculostellate cells. Intermediate[edit]. The intermediate lobe ... Endocrine cells of the anterior pituitary are controlled by regulatory hormones released by parvocellular neurosecretory cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_gland

The alpha and beta cells are the endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets that release insulin and glucagon and smaller amounts ... Endocrine disease is characterized by irregulated hormone release (a productive pituitary adenoma), inappropriate response to ... The ability of a target cell to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of receptors, within the cell or on its plasma ... Interaction of hormones at target cells Permissiveness is the situation in which a hormone cannot exert its full effects ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocrine_gland

Islets of pancreas. *Alpha cell. *Beta cell. *PP cell. *Delta cell. *Epsilon cell ... This hypersecretion often results in the formation of a pituitary adenoma (tumour), which are benign apart from a tiny fraction ... The pars distalis contains two types of cells including chromophobe cells and chromophil cells.[1] The chromophils can be ... further divided into acidophils (alpha cells) and basophils (beta cells).[1] These cells all together produce hormones of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary

... cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development. GH also ... These somatotroph adenomas are benign and grow slowly, gradually producing more and more GH. For years, the principal clinical ... Contributes to the maintenance and function of pancreatic islets. *Stimulates the immune system ... Somatotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland then synthesize and secrete GH in a pulsatile manner, in response to these ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatotropin

... "islet cell cancers",[28] even though it is now known that they do not actually arise from islet cells as previously thought.[27 ... benign: Hepatocellular adenoma. *Cavernous hemangioma. *hyperplasia: Focal nodular hyperplasia. *Nodular regenerative ... The pancreas has many functions, served by the endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans and the exocrine acinar cells. ... "Islet Cell Tumors of the Pancreas / Endocrine Neoplasms of the Pancreas". The Sol Goldman Pancreas Cancer Research Center. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer

Islets of pancreas. *Alpha cell. *Beta cell. *PP cell. *Delta cell. *Epsilon cell ... The most common neoplasm affecting the thyroid gland is a benign adenoma, usually presenting as a painless mass in the neck.[64 ... parafollicular cells.[4] These cells secrete calcitonin and so are also called C cells.[16] ... Follicular cells. The core of a follicle is surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells. When stimulated by thyroid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_isthmus

cell nucleus. • dendrite. • presynapse. Biological process. • regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration. • biological ... and pancreatic islet of Langerhans-specific Ca2+-binding protein". J Biol Chem. 275 (32): 24740-51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001974200 ... "Proteomics and transcriptomics analyses of secretagogin down-regulation in human non-functional pituitary adenomas". Pituitary ... This protein is thought to be involved in potassium chloride-stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation.[6] This protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCGN

Islet Cell Tumors of the Pancreas / Endocrine Neoplasms of the Pancreas. The Sol Goldman Pancreas Cancer Research Center. Johns ... 囊性腫瘤: 漿液性微囊性腺癌（英語：Serous microcystic adenoma） ... 胰臟內的腫瘤也可能來自身體的其他地方，但這種狀況很少見，僅佔所有胰臟腫瘤的2%，其中又以腎臟癌（英語：Renal cell carcinoma）最多，其次是大腸

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/胰臟癌

Islets of pancreas. *Alpha cell. *Beta cell. *PP cell. *Delta cell. *Epsilon cell ... March 2002). "Characterization of serotonin(4) receptors in adrenocortical aldosterone-producing adenomas: in vivo and in vitro ... by principal cells) and hydrogen ions (by intercalated cells of the collecting duct).[7] Sodium retention is also a response of ... by principal cells) and hydrogen ions (by intercalated cells of the collecting duct).[7] Sodium retention is also a response of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticular_layer

... and pancreatic islet adenomas. ... beta cell (Hyperinsulinism). *G cell (Zollinger-Ellison ... that occurs in the predisposed endocrine cell as loss of the remaining wild-type allele and gives cells the survival advantage ... The older names, "multiple endocrine adenomas" and "multiple endocrine adenomatosis" (MEA), have been replaced by the current ... In 1903 Erdheim described the case of an acromegalic patient with a pituitary adenoma and three enlarged parathyroid glands. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia

Islets of pancreas. *Alpha cell. *Beta cell. *PP cell. *Delta cell. *Epsilon cell ... Endocrine disease is characterized by misregulated hormone release (a productive pituitary adenoma), inappropriate response to ... Cells[edit]. There are many types of cells that make up the endocrine system and these cells typically make up larger tissues ... Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell resulting in a change in cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Endocrine_System

... an adenocarcinoma or an adenoma. PTPRK mRNA was shown to be significantly reduced by RT-PCR in human lung cancer-derived cell ... "Profile and differential expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases in mouse pancreatic islet tumor cell lines". Pancreas. 16 ... PTPkappa mediates homophilic cell-cell aggregation via its extracellular domain. PTPkappa only mediates binding between cells ... In these cells, adhesion to matrigel, transwell migration, and cell growth were all increased following the reduction of PTPRK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTPRK

P27 transcription has also been linked to another tumor suppressor gene, MEN1, in pancreatic islet cells where it promotes ... the CDKN1B gene has been reported in families affected by the development of primary hyperparathyroidism and pituitary adenomas ... Studies of various cell lines including glioblastoma cell lines, three prostate cancer cell lines, and a breast tumor cell line ... Lack of CDKN1B expression appears to release the hair cells from natural cell-cycle arrest. Because hair cell death in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDKN1B

It is associated with islet cell regeneration and diabetogenesis and may be involved in pancreatic lithogenesis. Reg family ... "Expression of peptide-23/pancreatitis-associated protein and Reg genes in human pituitary and adenomas: comparison with other ... "Entrez Gene: REG1B regenerating islet-derived 1 beta (pancreatic stone protein, pancreatic thread protein)". De Reggi M, Gharib ... "A novel gene activated in regenerating islets". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (5): 2111-4. PMID 2963000. Rouimi P, Bonicel J, Rovery M, De ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REG1B

Hyperinsulinism Due to Islet-cell Adenoma Br Med J 1949; 1 :680 ... Hyperinsulinism Due to Islet-cell Adenoma. Br Med J 1949; 1 doi ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/1/4606/680.2

THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF INSULIN AND A PROBABLE PRECURSOR OF INSULIN BY A HUMAN ISLET CELL ADENOMA. Donald F. Steiner and Philip E. ... THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF INSULIN AND A PROBABLE PRECURSOR OF INSULIN BY A HUMAN ISLET CELL ADENOMA ... THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF INSULIN AND A PROBABLE PRECURSOR OF INSULIN BY A HUMAN ISLET CELL ADENOMA ... THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF INSULIN AND A PROBABLE PRECURSOR OF INSULIN BY A HUMAN ISLET CELL ADENOMA ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/57/2/473

Islet Cell" by people in this website by year, and whether "Adenoma, Islet Cell" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Adenoma, Islet Cell" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Adenoma, Islet Cell*Adenoma, Islet Cell. *Adenomas, Islet Cell. *Islet Cell Adenoma ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Adenoma, Islet Cell" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.rush.edu/display/25801

Islet Cell; Nesidioblastoma; Islet Cell Tumor. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from ...

https://lookfordiagnosis.com/results.php?symptoms=Adenoma%2C+Islet+Cell%3B%20Nesidioblastoma%3B%20Islet%20Cell%20Tumor&lang=1&parent=%2F&mode=F

Pancreatic Alpha Cell Adenoma Pancreatic Beta Cell Adenoma Pancreatic Delta Cell Adenoma Pancreatic G-Cell Adenoma Pancreatic ... or islet cell cancer. Temsirolimus may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. ... Islet cell tumor cohort: prior and/or concurrent long-acting somatostatin analogue therapy is allowed, but not required; if ... ISLET CELL CANCER AND CARCINOID TUMOR (PERMANENTLY CLOSED TO ENROLLMENT). *Patient has evidence of progressive disease as ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01010126?cond=%22Liver+Neoplasms%22&rank=19

MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Islet Cell / diagnosis. Carcinoma, Islet Cell / therapy. Pancreatic Neoplasms / diagnosis. Pancreatic ... pancreatic alpha d islet cell adenoma expanded to all its synonyms; details. ... 1 pancreatic alpha d islet cell adenoma drug therapy 2000:2010[pubdate] *count=100 18 results Searchbox Export PDF RSS Email ... MeSH-major] Carcinoma, Islet Cell. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1. *[MeSH-minor] Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ...

http://www.bmlsearch.com/?kwr=pancreatic+alpha+d+islet+cell+adenoma+drug+therapy+2000:2010%5Bpubdate%5D&cxts=100&stmp=b1

... commercial-grade TDI caused pancreatic acinar cell adenomas in male rats (p,0.05); pancreatic islet cell adenomas (p,0.01 ), ... 1982]. Four TDA isomers (2,4-,2,5-,2,6-, and 3,4-TDA) enhanced the transformation of primary hamster embryo cells (HEC) by ... The commercial-grade TDI also caused hepatocellular adenomas (p,0.001) as well as hemangiomas or hemangiosarcomas (combined) (p ... Greene EJ, Friedman MA [1980]. In vitro cell transformation screening of 4 toluene diamine isomers. Mutat Res 79:363-375. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/90-101/default.html

... a benign tumor of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas that may produce signs of hypoglycemia. See more. ... Also called islet cell adenoma.. Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc ... a benign tumor of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas that may produce signs of hypoglycemia. ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/insuloma

CT and MR imaging have similar effectiveness in the detection of islet cell tumors if fat-saturated T1-weighted and delayed ... Adenoma, Islet Cell / diagnosis* * Adenoma, Islet Cell / diagnostic imaging * Adult * Aged * Female ... Islet cell tumor of the pancreas: biphasic CT versus MR imaging in tumor detection Radiology. 2000 Jul;216(1):163-71. doi: ... Conclusion: Biphasic (especially PVP) CT and MR imaging have similar effectiveness in the detection of islet cell tumors if fat ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10887243/?dopt=Abstract

Adenoma, Islet Cell. Adenoma. Pancreatic Neoplasms. Digestive System Neoplasms. Neoplasms by Site. Endocrine Gland Neoplasms. ... Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal. Neoplasms by Histologic Type. Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue. Adenocarcinoma. Carcinoma. Neoplasms ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04915144?term=insulinoma&

Adenoma, Islet Cell. Adenoma. Digestive System Diseases. Pancreatic Diseases. Endocrine System Diseases. Octreotide. ... Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal. Neoplasms by Histologic Type. Neoplasms. Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue. Neoplasms, Glandular and ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02489604?term=somatostatin+analogues&cond=Neuroendocrine+Tumors&rank=11

Insulinoma; Islet cell adenoma, Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; Hypoglycemia - insulinoma. Images. *. Endocrine glands ... Insulins job is to reduce the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood by helping sugar move into cells. ... Octreotide scan (special test that checks for specific hormone-producing cells in the body) ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000387.htm

... a TIE2 ligand and angiogenic factor expressed by activated endothelial cells (ECs), regresses the tumor vasculature and ... Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells convey proangiogenic programs that counteract the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy. Here, we ... Adenoma, Islet Cell * Angiopoietin-2 / antagonists & inhibitors * Angiopoietin-2 / physiology* * Animals * Cell Communication ... Our findings support a model wherein the ANG2-TIE2 axis mediates cell-to-cell interactions between TEMs and ECs that are ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21481792/?dopt=Abstract

This study randomized patients with advanced pancreatic islet cell tumors to receive either sunitinib or placebo. Patients who ... Adenoma, Islet Cell. *Carcinoma, Islet Cell. *Neuroendocrine Tumors. .map{width:100%;height:300px;margin-bottom:15px}. Name. ... Well-differentiated advanced/metastatic pancreatic islet cell tumor. - Tumor has shown progression within the past year.. ... Versus Placebo In Patients With Progressive Advanced/Metastatic Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors. Trial Phase: ...

http://www.knowcancer.com/cancer-trials/NCT00428597/

Adenoma of islet cells with hyperinsulinism: a review. Ann Surg. 1935. 101:1299. ... Although the term islet cell tumor is often used to identify neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas, this is a misnomer because ... Endocrine system: pancreatic islet cell tumors. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Lichter AS, eds. Clinical Oncology. 2nd ed. New ... Malignant islet cell tumor of the pancreas associated with high plasma calcitonin and somatostatin levels. Surgery. 1989 Feb. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/276943-overview

Pancreas Islet Cell: ADENOMA 0/50 8/50 2/50 ADENOMA OR CARCINOMA 2/50 1/50 2/50 COMBINED 2/50 9/50 4/50 ... Preputial Gland: ADENOMA 0/50 5/50 0/50; ADENOMA, ADENOCARCINOMA 0/50 3/50 0/50, OR CARCINOMA 1/50 0/50 0/50 COMBINED 1/50 8/50 ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/results/summaries/chronicstudies/tr200299/bydate/tr240levels/index.html

Benign islet cell adenoma (insulinoma). 200 Most common posterior mediastinal mass in a child ... Sickle cell disease. Congenital obstructive anomalies of the biliary tract. Total parenteral nutrition. Furosemide treatment. ... Hepatic adenomas are rare in childhood but have been reported in association with ... Sickle cell disease. Glycogen storage disease. Amyloidosis. Bilateral Wilms tumor. Acute glomerulonephritis. Acquired immune ...

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/pediatricradiologyflash-3793356/packs/5656497

... islet cell tumor explanation free. What is islet cell tumor? Meaning of islet cell tumor medical term. What does islet cell ... Looking for online definition of islet cell tumor in the Medical Dictionary? ... islet cell adenoma. *islet cell antibodies. *islet cell antibody. *islet cell antibody ... islet cell tumor. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia.. Related to islet cell tumor: Acinar cell carcinoma ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Islet+cell+tumor

Adenoma, Islet Cell. *Carcinoma, Islet Cell. .map{width:100%;height:300px;margin-bottom:15px}. Name. Location. ... Gastrinoma, Glucagonoma, Insulinoma, Islet Cell Carcinoma, Pancreatic Polypeptide Tumor, Recurrent Islet Cell Carcinoma, ... cell carcinoma. - Patient must have measurable disease by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. (RECIST) 1.1 criteria; ...

http://www.knowcancer.com/cancer-trials/NCT01824875/

Islet cell adenomas are an important consideration in infants and children with hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. Between ... Adenoma, Islet Cell / complications, pathology, surgery*. Child. Child, Preschool. Diazoxide / therapeutic use. Follow-Up ... Islet cell adenomas are an important consideration in infants and children with hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. Between ... Eight patients had single pancreatic adenomas, 5 of whom were infants under 1 yr of age. In 3 infants an adenoma was recognized ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Pancreatic-adenomas-in-infants-children/215734.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia_type_1

In the 24-month rat study, conducted at 0.5, 2, and 8 mg/kg/day, pancreatic islet cell adenomas significantly exceeded the ... The hepatocellular carcinomas and pancreatic islet cell adenomas were not dose related. ... Tubular cells with vacuolization and granularization. Degenerative tubular cells, plasma cells, and lymphocyturia , 20% of ... The T-helper cell is the main target, although the T-suppressor cell may also be suppressed. Cyclosporine also inhibits ...

https://www.rxlist.com/sandimmune-drug.htm

In the 24-month oral (diet) rat study, conducted at 0.5, 2, and 8 mg/kg/day, pancreatic islet cell adenomas significantly ... The hepatocellular carcinomas and pancreatic islet cell adenomas were not dose related. The low doses in mice and rats are ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/restasis-multidose.html

In the 24-month rat study, pancreatic islet cell adenomas significantly exceeded the control rate in the low dose level. Doses ... Tubular cells with vacuolization and granularization. Degenerative tubular cells, plasma cells, and lymphocyturia ,20% of ... The hepatocellular carcinomas and pancreatic islet cell adenomas were not dose related. Published reports indicate that co- ... Glomerulitis (mononuclear cells)c. Aspiration Cytology. CyA deposits in tubular and endothelial cells. Fine isometric ...

https://www.drugs.com/pro/gengraf.html

In the 24-month rat study, pancreatic islet cell adenomas significantly exceeded the control rate in the low dose level. Doses ... Tubular cells with vacuolization and granularization. Degenerative tubular cells, plasma cells, and lymphocyturia , 20% of ... The hepatocellular carcinomas and pancreatic islet cell adenomas were not dose related. Published reports indicate that co- ... Glomerulitis (mononuclear cells)c. Aspiration Cytology. CyA deposits in tubular and endothelial cells Fine isometric ...

https://www.rxlist.com/neoral-drug.htm

Focal disease was formerly called nesidioblastosis, islet adenomatosis, or beta-cell adenoma. Dozens of patients with ... which most pathologists label as islet adenomatosis or beta-cell adenoma. As patients present with hyperinsulinemic ... Cure of hypoglycemic hyperinsulinism by enucleation of a focal islet cell adenomatous hyperplasia. J Pediatr Surg. 1997. 32: ... Erythroblastosis fetalis: Neonates with severe Rh isoimmunization have islet cell hyperplasia and hyperinsulinism. The cause of ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/921258-clinical

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma

Insulin-secreting islet-cell adenoma. Contraindications. • Hypersensitivity to drug. • Hyperglycemia, diabetic coma ... Most of the glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle cells. When these and other body cells are saturated with glycogen, the ... The oxidation of glucose produces energy for the body cells; the rate of metabolism is controlled by a number of hormones the ... insulin is required for the use of glucose by cells; in diabetes mellitus, the level of glucose in the blood is excessive, and ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/D-glucose

... islet cell hyperplasia, nesidioblastosis, extrapancreatic malignancy, islet cell adenoma, or adenomatosis. Diazoxide Oral ... Adults: Inoperable islet cell adenoma or carcinoma, or extrapancreatic malignancy.. Infants and Children: Leucine sensitivity, ... and swine produced in the fetus an appreciable increase in blood glucose level and degeneration of the beta cells of the Islets ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=abe317a5-6c63-469c-89c8-9fedfe859c3d

Fetal hyperglycemia induces fetal pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia with resultant hyperinsulinemia and macrosomia. (medscape.com)
Erythroblastosis fetalis: Neonates with severe Rh isoimmunization have islet cell hyperplasia and hyperinsulinism. (medscape.com)
In contrast to sporadic cases of hyperparathyroidism, diffuse hyperplasia or multiple adenomas are more common than solitary adenomas. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple adenomas or diffuse islet cell hyperplasia commonly occurs. (wikipedia.org)
MEN 2A has an increased risk for parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia. (nih.gov)
Molecular genetic testing to identify a heterozygous germline RET pathogenic variant is indicated in all individuals with a diagnosis of primary C-cell hyperplasia or MTC or a clinical diagnosis of MEN 2. (nih.gov)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN 1) is a hereditary syndrome characterized by hyperplasia or sometimes adenomas of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islet cell tumors (also known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), and/or pituitary gland tumors. (merckmanuals.com)
Nesidioblastosis coexisting with islet cell tumor and intraductal papillary mucinous hyperplasia. (thefreelibrary.com)
5) Mucinous cell hyperplasia has been reported to be the most important precursor in the histogenesis of human pancreatic duct carcinoma. (thefreelibrary.com)
6) A spectrum of proliferation from nesidioblastosis to islet cell hyperplasia to multiple adenomas to metastases has previously been reported. (thefreelibrary.com)
Herein we report an extremely rare case of a combination intraductal papillary mucinous hyperplasia (IPMH) and endocrine neoplasm (islet cell tumor) of the pancreas. (thefreelibrary.com)
The p18-p21 double null mice, on the other hand, developed pituitary adenomas, multifocal gastric neuroendocrine hyperplasia, and lung bronchioalveolar tumors later in life. (asm.org)
MEN is often difficult to recognize in its early stages because the pattern of endocrine gland hyperplasia (an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the gland) and tumour development varies. (britannica.com)
The most common disorder associated with MEN1 is primary hyperparathyroidism (characterized by the presence of parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia), which occurs in about 90 percent of patients. (britannica.com)
Mutations in the MEN1 gene are associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1), which is characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia and tumors of the pituitary and pancreatic islets. (pnas.org)
Mutations of the MEN1 gene located on chromosome 11q13 are associated with the development of a variety of endocrine neoplasms, including parathyroid hyperplasia and adenomas, pituitary adenomas, and pancreatic islet cell tumors. (pnas.org)
Heterozygous Men1 knockout mice develop progressive islet cell hyperplasia associated with loss of the other Men1 allele, which ultimately culminates in formation of insulin-producing adenomas over a 1- to 2-year period ( 4 - 7 ). (pnas.org)
This resulting loss of feedback inhibition causes unopposed gastrin release and this causes hyperplasia of ECL cells. (medscape.com)
An unusual case of insulinoma is described in a 40-yr-old woman whose resected pancreas showed multiple adenomas with lymph node metastasis, associated hyperplasia of islets, and nesidioblastosis. (diabetesjournals.org)
In cases that are assumed to be healthy, the most frequent causes of hypoglycemia are drugs, insulinoma, islet cell hyperplasia/nesidioblastosis, and factitious hypoglycemia due to surreptitious administration of insulin or sulfonylureas. (hindawi.com)
An example is multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN 1), a disorder characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia and pancreatic islet-cell and pituitary adenomas. (wikidoc.org)
MEN 1 involves primarily hyperplasia or sometimes adenomas of the parathyroid glands (with resultant hyperparathyroidism ) and tumors of the pancreatic islet cells and/or pituitary gland. (merckmanuals.com)
MEN 2A involves primarily medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hyperplasia or sometimes adenomas of the parathyroid glands (with resultant hyperparathyroidism), and occasionally cutaneous lichen amyloidosis. (merckmanuals.com)

a benign tumor of the insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas that may produce signs of hypoglycemia. (dictionary.com)
[ 13 ] APUD cells were once believed to originate from the embryologic neural crest, but current evidence suggests that these cells-and thus endocrine tumors of the pancreas and other endocrine tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract (eg, carcinoid tumors)-actually develop from the embryologic endoderm. (medscape.com)
Although the term islet cell tumor is often used to identify neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas, this is a misnomer because many pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors do not develop directly from islet cells. (medscape.com)
[ 15 ] Instead, the tumors arise from APUD stem cells, which are pluripotential neuroendocrine cells located within the ductular epithelium of the exocrine pancreas and elsewhere in the distal foregut. (medscape.com)
dePeyster FA: Planning the appropriate operations for islet cell tumors of the pancreas. (springer.com)
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited tumor syndrome, phenotypically characterised by the development of multiple endocrine tumors or hypersecretory states of the parathyroid, anterior pituitary, or islet cells of the pancreas. (ajnr.org)
An insulinoma is a tumor of the pancreas that is derived from beta cells and secretes insulin. (wikipedia.org)
Mixed exocrine (ductal and acinar tumors) and endocrine (islet cell tumor) tumors of the pancreas are rare. (thefreelibrary.com)
Coexistence of endocrine and exocrine tumors of the pancreas with nesidioblastosis is of particular interest because of the direct implication as to the origin and histogenesis of pancreatic endocrine cells and the relationship between endocrine and exocrine cells. (thefreelibrary.com)
Stefanini P, Carboni M, Patrassi N, Basoli A (1974) Beta-islet cell tumors of the pancreas: results of a study on 1,067 cases. (springermedizin.de)
Histologic examination of the surgically removed tissues revealed pancreas islet cell tumor, adrenal cortical adenoma and thyroid adenoma. (koreamed.org)
The expression of cripto gene product was examined immunohistochemically in 45 surgically resected pancreatic tumors, including 32 invasive ductal carcinomas, 4 intraductal papillary adenocarcinomas, 4 intraductal papillary adenomas, 2 mucinous cystadenomas, 2 islet cell tumors, and one solid and cystic tumor, and compared with that in 32 areas of accompanying chronic pancreatitis present in the cases of invasive ductal carcinomas and 5 non-tumorous areas of pancreas without pancreatitis. (nih.gov)
Duct epithelial cells and acinar cells were negative but islet cells were positive in the pancreas tissues without pancreatitis. (nih.gov)
It is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas . (academic.ru)
Pancreas Surgery: Pancreas cancer (pancreatic carcinoma), neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas (islet cell tumors, insulinoma, gastrinoma), and cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. (uhealthsystem.com)
Investigating the cellular signaling pathways leading to the development of endocrine tumors, such as thyroid tumors, primary hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid adenomas), adrenal nodules, and neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. (uhealthsystem.com)
The endocrine pancreas is derived from neural crest cells and secretes hormones: thus, it is part of the neuroendocrine system. (ovid.com)

Adults: Inoperable islet cell adenoma or carcinoma, or extrapancreatic malignancy. (nih.gov)
Broder LE, Carter SK: Pancreatic islet cell carcinoma. (springer.com)
Possible cancers linked to glyphosate exposure include non-Hodgkin lymphoma, renal tubule carcinoma, pancreatic islet-cell adenoma, and skin tumors. (greatplainslaboratory.com)
Disease is predisposed by hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, pancreatic islet cell and cystic tumors or epididymis tumors under the mutation or deletion at the tumor suppressor gene. (scirp.org)
Conditions associated with MEN2 include medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland , pheochromocytomas (tumours characterized by high blood pressure), hyperparathyroidism , ganglioneuromas (tumours derived from cells originating in the neural crest during embryological development), and a tall, lean body with long extremities (similar to the physical appearance of individuals affected by Marfan syndrome ). (britannica.com)
The group also found that mouse studies linked glyphosate to an increased risk of renal tubule carcinoma, pancreatic islet-cell adenoma and skin tumors. (youhavealawyer.com)

About 10-15% of islet cell tumors originate from a β-cell, secrete insulin (insulinoma), and can cause fasting hypoglycemia. (wikipedia.org)
Islet-cell neoplasms (rare in cats Insulinoma ). (vetstream.com)
Pancreatic islet cell adenomas with autonomous insulin production, commonly termed as insulinoma, are rare gastropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) with an estimated incidence of 1 or 4 per million [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

The cells in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms are termed amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells because they have a high amine content, are capable of amine precursor uptake, and contain an amino acid decarboxylase. (medscape.com)
In order to model the spectrum of MYCN-driven neoplasms in mice, we transgenically overexpressed MYCN under the control of the human GFAP-promoter that, among other targets, drives expression in neural progenitor cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
Patients may develop hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid gland adenomas, pituitary gland adenomas, pancreatic islet cell neoplasms, and carcinoid tumors. (fpnotebook.com)
These pigmented pancreatic neoplasms are similar histologically and radiographically to the "black adenoma" of the adrenal gland. (elsevier.com)
The clinically relevant pancreatic neoplasms can be categorized by their cell of origin (Table 1). (ovid.com)
The purpose of this lesson is to review four of the most common and radiologically interesting pancreatic neoplasms: ductal adenocarcinoma, microcystic adenoma, mucinous cystic neoplasms, and islet cell neoplasms. (ovid.com)

Here, we show that blocking angiopoietin-2 (ANG2), a TIE2 ligand and angiogenic factor expressed by activated endothelial cells (ECs), regresses the tumor vasculature and inhibits progression of late-stage, metastatic MMTV-PyMT mammary carcinomas and RIP1-Tag2 pancreatic insulinomas. (nih.gov)
Pituitary adenomas are generally divided into three categories dependent upon their biological functioning: benign adenoma, invasive adenoma, and carcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
Most adenomas are benign, approximately 35% are invasive and just 0.1% to 0.2 are carcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
Streptozotocin is used in islet cell carcinomas which produce excessive insulin. (wikipedia.org)
Scattered endocrine cells have been reported to be present in exocrine pancreatic carcinomas, including ductal, mucinous cystic, and acinar cell carcinomas. (thefreelibrary.com)
All pancreatic ductal tumors including adenomas and carcinomas showed positive staining with no difference in terms of staining intensity among intraductal tumors and invasive carcinomas with or without mucin hypersecretion. (nih.gov)
Increased adrenal cortical tumors in female and male Osborne-Mendel rats and positive trends for thyroid follicular adenomas and pancreatic islet-cell carcinomas in male rats in one study. (epa.gov)
Malonaldehyde produced adenomas and carcinomas of the thyroid gland and adenomas of the pancreatic islet cells during a long term gavage treatment of rats. (cdc.gov)
Our findings suggest that COX-2 inhibitors might be potentially effective against pancreatic carcinomas and that COX-2 may be involved in certain biological processes in pancreatic islets. (aacrjournals.org)

An islet cell adenoma that secretes insulin. (dictionary.com)
What cells will take up sugar independent of insulin? (brainscape.com)
Beta cells secrete insulin in response to increases in blood glucose. (wikipedia.org)
Steiner DF, Oyer PE (1967) The biosynthesis of insulin and a probable precursor of insulin by a human islet cell adenoma. (springer.com)
Pancreatic tumors usually form in the islet cells , which over-secrete insulin , causing a decrease in blood glucose levels. (thefullwiki.org)
The RIP1-Tag2 transgenic mouse model overexpresses SV40 T antigen under the control of the insulin promoter, resulting in development of islet cell tumors 4 . (nature.com)
The assay is especially valuable for acute ascertainment of the insulin secretory capabilities of patients with type 1 diabetes or of transplanted beta cells. (springer.com)
In the beta cell most, but not all, proinsulin is converted into insulin in a multi-step process that requires prohormone proconvertase 1/3, prohormone proconvertase 2 and carboxypeptidase E. (As described in [ 7 ], in humans the pathway on the right is more efficient, as indicated by the heavier arrows. (springer.com)
Nesidioblastosis is a hyperfunctional disorder of pancreatic insulin-producing cells characterized by hypertrophic [beta] cells within enlarged or normal-appearing islets, small scattered endocrine cell clusters, and ductuloinsular complexes. (thefreelibrary.com)
The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is not well understood but patients exhibit a reduced population of islet beta-cells, reduced secretory function of islet beta-cells that survive, and peripheral tissue insulin resistance. (wikidoc.org)
Coinciding disorders may include pancreatic islet-cell tumours, such as gastric acid-secreting tumours (gastrinomas), pancreatic polypeptide -secreting tumours, insulin -secreting tumours (insulinomas), and, less commonly, glucagon -secreting, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide -secreting, or somatostatin -secreting tumours. (britannica.com)
Immunohistochemical stains showed that neoplastic cells expressed chromogranin and synaptophysin but did not express HMB-45, S-100 protein, glucagon, or insulin. (elsevier.com)
Insulin causes cells in the liver , muscle , and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood , storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle. (academic.ru)

The principal glands involved in this syndrome are the parathyroid glands , the pancreatic islets of Langerhans , and the anterior pituitary gland . (britannica.com)

Islet cell adenomas are an important consideration in infants and children with hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. (biomedsearch.com)
In children whose hyperinsulinism appears beyond 1 yr of age, surgery is indicated, since an adenoma is likely. (biomedsearch.com)
Whipple AO, Frantz VK (1935) Adenoma of islet cells with hyperinsulinism: a review. (springermedizin.de)

Most patients with MEN1, as well as people with a familial risk of developing MEN1, have germ line mutations (mutations that affect all cells in the body) in a tumour suppressor gene designated MEN1 . (britannica.com)

The islet cell tumors appeared closely related to nesidioblastosis. (thefreelibrary.com)
The association of nesidioblastosis with this continuum of proliferative changes adds further evidence for a ductular origin of islet Cell tumors. (diabetesjournals.org)

Retrospective quantitative, qualitative, and receiver operating characteristic analyses of biphasic CT and MR imaging were performed in 19 patients with 26 histopathologically proved islet cell tumors. (nih.gov)

[ 1 ] In 1927, Wilder et al described the first hormone-producing pancreatic tumor syndrome in a patient with hypoglycemia and a metastatic islet cell tumor, extracts of which caused hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)
One infant is whom the adenoma was not included in the subtotal pancreatectomy died postoperatively with intractable hypoglycemia. (biomedsearch.com)
Beta-cell neoplasia results in hypoglycemia which produces the mainly neurological clinical signs of weakness, collapse, lethargy. (vetstream.com)

The three adenomas identified on brush cytology could not be distinguished from adenocarcinoma morphologically. (bmj.com)

brown tumor a giant-cell granuloma produced in and replacing bone, occurring in osteitis fibrosa cystica and due to hyperparathyroidism. (thefreedictionary.com)
The use of preoperative imaging modalities to accurately predict the location of parathyroid adenomas in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (uhealthsystem.com)

Hypersecretion of glucagon, somatostatin, chromogranin, or calcitonin, ectopic secretion of ACTH resulting in Cushing's syndrome, and hypersecretion of somatotropin-releasing hormone (causing acromegaly) sometimes occur in non-β-cell tumors. (wikipedia.org)

There were three false positive cytological diagnoses mainly as a result of the misinterpretation of cases with relatively scant and/or degenerative atypical epithelial cells. (bmj.com)
Menin plays a role in regulating cellular proliferation because Men1 knockout mice show increased proliferation in neuroendocrine tissues ( 7 ), down-modulation of menin in epithelial cells stimulates proliferation ( 8 ), and menin knockout fibroblasts proliferate more rapidly than wild-type cells as assayed by tritiated thymidine incorporation ( 9 ). (pnas.org)
MMP mRNA expression is under tight, cell type-dependent control, with expression of individual MMPs associated with specific inflammatory, connective tissue, or epithelial cell types. (sciencemag.org)

Bonfils S, Bader JP: The diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with special reference to the multiple endocrine adenomas, in Progress in Gastroenterology , Vol. 2 ( GB Jersey Glass, editor). (springer.com)

The cystic lesions with the largest one being 1 cm in diameter, were reported as microcystic adenoma ( Figure 2 ) and at the immunophenotypic studies, the cells that were covering the cystic structures were determined CD 34 negative and cytokeratine 8/18, cytokeratine 19 positive. (scirp.org)
Islet cell tumors were positively stained but the solid and cystic tumor was negative. (nih.gov)

Laparoscopy predicts metastatic disease and spares laparotomy in selected patients with pancreatic nonfunctioning islet cell tumors. (curehunter.com)

A severe secretory diarrhea can develop and cause fluid and electrolyte depletion with non-β-cell tumors. (wikipedia.org)
The explanation of such observations may lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms, which regulate the response of the normal endocrine cell to secretory stimulation. (elsevier.com)

Typically, MEN1 syndrome tumors begin 2 decades earlier than sporadic tumors of the same endocrine cells, demonstrate multiplicity, and are frequently recurrent. (ajnr.org)
Pituitary adenomas may develop sporadically or as part of the MEN1 syndrome. (ajnr.org)
Malignant islet cell tumors due to MEN 1 syndrome often have a more benign course than do sporadically occurring malignant islet cell tumors. (merckmanuals.com)
Cushing's disease is Cushing's syndrome caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Some of the incidentally discovered adrenal adenomas have subclinical Cushing's syndrome associated with glucose intolerance and hypertension. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

Most islet cell tumors secrete pancreatic polypeptide, the clinical significance of which is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Most islet cell tumors, including nonfunctioning tumors, secrete pancreatic polypeptide. (merckmanuals.com)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is the association of neoplastic transformation of parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic islet cells. (koreamed.org)
This gene codes for a protein called menin that normally helps prevent neoplastic proliferation (uncontrolled new growth) of cells. (britannica.com)
8. A method for inducing cell death in a neoplastic tissue in a subject comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of a composition according to claim 1. (freepatentsonline.com)
The cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells was pink and granular and contained abundant brown-black pigment. (elsevier.com)
In this regard, the MEN syndromes may well provide the most intriguing models for studying the relationship of proliferation and neoplastic transformation of endocrine cells to synthesis and secretion of their hormone and monoamine products. (elsevier.com)

Glucagonoma is one form of islet cell neoplasm and involves pancreatic alpha cells. (meta.org)

hyperglycemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia (K outside of cells, and a buffer for acid). (brainscape.com)

A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. (rush.edu)
Duodenal gastrinomas, carcinoid tumors of the foregut, benign adrenal adenomas, and lipomas also occur. (merckmanuals.com)
Fine needle aspiration cytology showed benign hyperplastic follicular cells only. (koreamed.org)
In contrast, benign tumors showed weak expression or no expression of COX-2, and only islet cells displayed COX-2 expression in normal pancreatic tissues. (aacrjournals.org)

Aoyagi T, Summerskill WHJ: Gastric secretion with ulcerogenic islet cell tumor: Importance of basal acid output. (springer.com)
In some patients, particularly those with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis, this can progress and result in the development of type I gastric ECL-cell neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours. (medscape.com)
In addition, the presence of gastric parietal cell or intrinsic factor antibodies, anaemia, high MCV (mean cell volume) and a low serum vitamin B12 level support the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis (pernicious anaemia). (medscape.com)
The epithelium is variously described as resembling that of gastric mucosa (i.e., with tubular glands) or of intestinal mucosa (i.e., with goblet cells). (siumed.edu)

Inferior petrosal sinus sampling confirms pituitary Cushing's disease and lateralizes the adenoma. (hku.hk)

These observations might suggest that the machinery for synthesizing and secreting currently recognizable hormones has little to do with the properties which lead to cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness or potential for metastasis. (elsevier.com)
Tumor cells are envisioned to produce enzymes that destroy the matrix barriers surrounding the tumor, permitting invasion into surrounding connective tissues, entry and exit from blood vessels, and metastasis to distant organs ( Fig. 1 A). MMPs were prime candidates for these activities because MMP family members collectively degrade all structural components of the ECM. (sciencemag.org)
Indeed, several MMPs were first identified as a result of the cloning of their cDNAs from tumors or tumor cell lines (gelatinase A/MMP-2, stromelysin-1/MMP-3, matrilysin/MMP-7, gelatinase B/MMP-9, stromelysin-2/MMP-10, and MT1-MMP/MMP-14), or as metastasis-specific genes from advanced tumors (stromelysin-3/MMP-11, collagenase-3/MMP-13). (sciencemag.org)
MMPs (represented by scissors) were classically viewed as being produced and secreted by tumor cells, degrading basement membrane and extracellular matrix components, thereby facilitating tumor cell invasion and metastasis. (sciencemag.org)

its cells also show a lesser degree of anaplasia than those of a malignant tumor do. (thefreedictionary.com)
C h apther what tests are ordered according to the malignant variant o gbs have longer pt and aptthelevated urine protein, red blood cells, and or procedures. (roanokechowan.edu)

Adenoma, Islet Cell" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)

Gastrin is secreted by many non-β-cell tumors (increased gastrin secretion in MEN 1 also often originates from the duodenum). (wikipedia.org)

Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and regulate the function of cells and tissues throughout the body. (thefullwiki.org)

Anatomy18

Organisms13

Diseases65

Chemicals and Drugs62

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes21

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Mutations and allelic deletions of the MEN1 gene are associated with a subset of sporadic endocrine pancreatic and neuroendocrine tumors and not restricted to foregut neoplasms. (1/311)

Induction of adenocarcinoma from hamster pancreatic islet cells treated with N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in vitro. (2/311)

Hyperinsulinism: molecular aetiology of focal disease. (3/311)

The hypothalamic satiety peptide CART is expressed in anorectic and non-anorectic pancreatic islet tumors and in the normal islet of Langerhans. (4/311)

Mutations of the DPC4/Smad4 gene in neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors. (5/311)

Cellular composition and anatomic distribution in nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors: immunohistochemical study of 30 cases. (6/311)

Immunohistochemical expression of chromogranins A and B, prohormone convertases 2 and 3, and amidating enzyme in carcinoid tumors and pancreatic endocrine tumors. (7/311)

Immunohistochemical localization of betacellulin, a new member of the EGF family, in normal human pancreas and islet tumor cells. (8/311)

Adenoma

Islets of Langerhans

Adenoma, Islet Cell

Islets of Langerhans Transplantation

Carcinoma, Islet Cell

Adenoma, Pleomorphic

Adenoma, Villous

Insulin

Pituitary Neoplasms

Insulin-Secreting Cells

Adrenocortical Adenoma

Islet Amyloid Polypeptide

Adenoma, Liver Cell

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Insulinoma

Glucagon

Glucagon-Secreting Cells

Adenoma, Chromophobe

Pancreas

Glucose

Glucagonoma

Somatostatin

Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

Colorectal Neoplasms

Pancreatic Neoplasms

Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental

Colonic Polyps

ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

Pancreatic Ducts

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Adenoma, Acidophil

Immunohistochemistry

Colonoscopy

Adenomatous Polyps

Streptozocin

Prolactinoma

Glutamate Decarboxylase

Insulin Antibodies

Somatostatin-Secreting Cells

Autoantibodies

Adenoma, Basophil

Mice, Inbred NOD

Pancreatectomy

Blood Glucose

Proinsulin

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8

Hyperplasia

Alloxan

Pancreatic Hormones

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli

C-Peptide

Cells, Cultured

Mice, Transgenic

Glucose Tolerance Test

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Rats, Inbred BB

Graft Survival

Acromegaly

Homeodomain Proteins

Cushing Syndrome

Genes, APC

RNA, Messenger

Autoantigens

Apudoma

Receptors, Somatostatin

Rats, Wistar

Hyperparathyroidism

Diazoxide

Salivary Gland Neoplasms

Vipoma

Colonic Neoplasms

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Intestinal Neoplasms

Subrenal Capsule Assay

4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide

Apoptosis

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Tolbutamide

Neoplasms, Multiple Primary