Adenoma bile duct. Medical search

The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.

A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

The largest bile duct. It is formed by the junction of the CYSTIC DUCT and the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

Passages external to the liver for the conveyance of bile. These include the COMMON BILE DUCT and the common hepatic duct (HEPATIC DUCT, COMMON).

Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.

Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.

Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).

A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.

Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.

Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.

An imaging test of the BILIARY TRACT in which a contrast dye (RADIOPAQUE MEDIA) is injected into the BILE DUCT and x-ray pictures are taken.

Predominantly extrahepatic bile duct which is formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts, which are predominantly intrahepatic, and, in turn, joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct.

A benign, slow-growing tumor, most commonly of the salivary gland, occurring as a small, painless, firm nodule, usually of the parotid gland, but also found in any major or accessory salivary gland anywhere in the oral cavity. It is most often seen in women in the fifth decade. Histologically, the tumor presents a variety of cells: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous cells, showing all forms of epithelial growth. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Impairment of bile flow in the large BILE DUCTS by mechanical obstruction or stricture due to benign or malignant processes.

The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).

The largest lymphatic vessel that passes through the chest and drains into the SUBCLAVIAN VEIN.

Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.

Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.

A benign neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is characterized by a well-defined nodular lesion, usually less than 2.5 cm. Most adrenocortical adenomas are nonfunctional. The functional ones are yellow and contain LIPIDS. Depending on the cell type or cortical zone involved, they may produce ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and/or ANDROSTENEDIONE.

The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.

Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.

A benign epithelial tumor of the LIVER.

Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.

Any surgical procedure performed on the biliary tract.

Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the COMMON BILE DUCT.

Incision of Oddi's sphincter or Vater's ampulla performed by inserting a sphincterotome through an endoscope (DUODENOSCOPE) often following retrograde cholangiography (CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE). Endoscopic treatment by sphincterotomy is the preferred method of treatment for patients with retained or recurrent bile duct stones post-cholecystectomy, and for poor-surgical-risk patients that have the gallbladder still present.

A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.

Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

Any of the ducts which transport saliva. Salivary ducts include the parotid duct, the major and minor sublingual ducts, and the submandibular duct.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A benign tumor of the anterior pituitary in which the cells do not stain with acidic or basic dyes.

Linear TETRAPYRROLES that give a characteristic color to BILE including: BILIRUBIN; BILIVERDIN; and bilicyanin.

Minute intercellular channels that occur between liver cells and carry bile towards interlobar bile ducts. Also called bile capillaries.

Non-invasive diagnostic technique for visualizing the PANCREATIC DUCTS and BILE DUCTS without the use of injected CONTRAST MEDIA or x-ray. MRI scans provide excellent sensitivity for duct dilatation, biliary stricture, and intraductal abnormalities.

Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.

A pair of excretory ducts of the middle kidneys (MESONEPHROI) of an embryo, also called mesonephric ducts. In higher vertebrates, Wolffian ducts persist in the male forming VAS DEFERENS, but atrophy into vestigial structures in the female.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

A pituitary tumor that secretes GROWTH HORMONE. In humans, excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE leads to ACROMEGALY.

The sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla within the duodenal papilla. The COMMON BILE DUCT and main pancreatic duct pass through this sphincter.

Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).

Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.

A pair of ducts near the WOLFFIAN DUCTS in a developing embryo. In the male embryo, they degenerate with the appearance of testicular ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. In the absence of anti-mullerian hormone, mullerian ducts give rise to the female reproductive tract, including the OVIDUCTS; UTERUS; CERVIX; and VAGINA.

A pituitary adenoma which secretes ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN, leading to CUSHING DISEASE.

Retrograde bile flow. Reflux of bile can be from the duodenum to the stomach (DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX); to the esophagus (GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX); or to the PANCREAS.

A congenital anatomic malformation of a bile duct, including cystic dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct or the large intrahepatic bile duct. Classification is based on the site and type of dilatation. Type I is most common.

FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cirrhosis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.

Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.

The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Surgical formation of an opening (stoma) into the COMMON BILE DUCT for drainage or for direct communication with a site in the small intestine, primarily the DUODENUM or JEJUNUM.

INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.

The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.

Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.

A benign tumor, usually found in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, whose cells stain with acid dyes. Such pituitary tumors may give rise to excessive secretion of growth hormone, resulting in gigantism or acromegaly. A specific type of acidophil adenoma may give rise to nonpuerperal galactorrhea. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.

Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

A pituitary adenoma which secretes PROLACTIN, leading to HYPERPROLACTINEMIA. Clinical manifestations include AMENORRHEA; GALACTORRHEA; IMPOTENCE; HEADACHE; visual disturbances; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA.

Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.

The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.

A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).

Surgical formation of an opening through the ABDOMINAL WALL into the JEJUNUM, usually for enteral hyperalimentation.

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.

A small tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland whose cells stain with basic dyes. It may give rise to excessive secretion of ACTH, resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

A tubular duct that conveys TEARS from the LACRIMAL GLAND to the nose.

Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.

Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.

Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.

Excision of all or part of the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A Y-shaped surgical anastomosis of any part of the digestive system which includes the small intestine as the eventual drainage site.

Paired ducts in the human male through which semen is ejaculated into the urethra.

A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.

The destruction of a calculus of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces, including crushing with a lithotriptor through a catheter. Focused percutaneous ultrasound and focused hydraulic shock waves may be used without surgery. Lithotripsy does not include the dissolving of stones by acids or litholysis. Lithotripsy by laser is LITHOTRIPSY, LASER.

The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.

A condition characterized by the formation of CALCULI and concretions in the hollow organs or ducts of the body. They occur most often in the gallbladder, kidney, and lower urinary tract.

Tumors or cancer of the DUODENUM.

A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.

A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the duodenum.

The excision of the head of the pancreas and the encircling loop of the duodenum to which it is connected.

Any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician, surgeon, or other health professional, especially infections acquired by a patient during the course of treatment.

Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

Surgery of the smooth muscle sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla to relieve blocked biliary or pancreatic ducts.

A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.

Instruments for the visual examination of interior structures of the body. There are rigid endoscopes and flexible fiberoptic endoscopes for various types of viewing in ENDOSCOPY.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.

A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.

The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.

Experimentally induced chronic injuries to the parenchymal cells in the liver to achieve a model for LIVER CIRRHOSIS.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

A branch of the celiac artery that distributes to the stomach, pancreas, duodenum, liver, gallbladder, and greater omentum.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.

An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

Recycling through liver by excretion in bile, reabsorption from intestines (INTESTINAL REABSORPTION) into portal circulation, passage back into liver, and re-excretion in bile.

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.

Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.

Adenocarcinoma of the common hepatic duct bifurcation. These tumors are generally small, sharply localized, and seldom metastasizing. G. Klatskin's original review of 13 cases was published in 1965. Once thought to be relatively uncommon, tumors of the bifurcation of the bile duct now appear to comprise more than one-half of all bile duct cancers. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1457)

Any fluid-filled closed cavity or sac that is lined by an EPITHELIUM. Cysts can be of normal, abnormal, non-neoplastic, or neoplastic tissues.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.

An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones.

Ultrasonography of internal organs using an ultrasound transducer sometimes mounted on a fiberoptic endoscope. In endosonography the transducer converts electronic signals into acoustic pulses or continuous waves and acts also as a receiver to detect reflected pulses from within the organ. An audiovisual-electronic interface converts the detected or processed echo signals, which pass through the electronics of the instrument, into a form that the technologist can evaluate. The procedure should not be confused with ENDOSCOPY which employs a special instrument called an endoscope. The "endo-" of endosonography refers to the examination of tissue within hollow organs, with reference to the usual ultrasonography procedure which is performed externally or transcutaneously.

A subclass of ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS whose transport of organic anions is driven either directly or indirectly by a gradient of sodium ions.

A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.

Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.

Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)

Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Fragmentation of CALCULI, notably urinary or biliary, by LASER.

Congenital cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC). It consists of 2 types: simple Caroli disease is characterized by bile duct dilatation (ectasia) alone; and complex Caroli disease is characterized by bile duct dilatation with extensive hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PORTAL). Benign renal tubular ectasia is associated with both types of Caroli disease.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

A benign neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. In some instances, considerable portions of the neoplasm, or even the entire mass, may be cystic. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The narrow tube connecting the YOLK SAC with the midgut of the EMBRYO; persistence of all or part of it in post-fetal life produces abnormalities, of which the commonest is MECKEL DIVERTICULUM.

A benign neoplasm of muscle (usually smooth muscle) with glandular elements. It occurs most frequently in the uterus and uterine ligaments. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excess levels of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) or other GLUCOCORTICOIDS from endogenous or exogenous sources. It is characterized by upper body OBESITY; OSTEOPOROSIS; HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; HIRSUTISM; AMENORRHEA; and excess body fluid. Endogenous Cushing syndrome or spontaneous hypercortisolism is divided into two groups, those due to an excess of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN and those that are ACTH-independent.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

Tumor suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of human chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI) and GARDNER SYNDROME, as well as some sporadic colorectal cancers.

Establishment of an opening into the gallbladder either for drainage or surgical communication with another part of the digestive tract, usually the duodenum or jejunum.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Interference with the secretion of tears by the lacrimal glands. Obstruction of the LACRIMAL SAC or NASOLACRIMAL DUCT causing acute or chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac (DACRYOCYSTITIS). It is caused also in infants by failure of the nasolacrimal duct to open into the inferior meatus and occurs about the third week of life. In adults occlusion may occur spontaneously or after injury or nasal disease. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p250)

Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.

Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium.

The part of the membranous labyrinth that traverses the bony vestibular aqueduct and emerges through the bone of posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) where it expands into a blind pouch called the endolymphatic sac.

A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).

A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)

A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-19 in ductal epithelia and gastrointestinal epithelia.

Tumors or cancer of the PAROTID GLAND.

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

Organic or functional motility disorder involving the SPHINCTER OF ODDI and associated with biliary COLIC. Pathological changes are most often seen in the COMMON BILE DUCT sphincter, and less commonly the PANCREATIC DUCT sphincter.

Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.

The act of dilating.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Tumors or cancer of the ADRENAL GLANDS.

A disease of the PITUITARY GLAND characterized by the excess amount of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secreted. This leads to hypersecretion of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) by the ADRENAL GLANDS resulting in CUSHING SYNDROME.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 7-alpha-hydroxylation of CHOLESTEROL in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP7, converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol which is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS.

Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

A condition caused by the overproduction of ALDOSTERONE. It is characterized by sodium retention and potassium excretion with resultant HYPERTENSION and HYPOKALEMIA.

A system of vessels in which blood, after passing through one capillary bed, is conveyed through a second set of capillaries before it returns to the systemic circulation. It pertains especially to the hepatic portal system.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

An irregular unpaired bone situated at the SKULL BASE and wedged between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones (FRONTAL BONE; TEMPORAL BONE; OCCIPITAL BONE). Sphenoid bone consists of a median body and three pairs of processes resembling a bat with spread wings. The body is hollowed out in its inferior to form two large cavities (SPHENOID SINUS).

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the GALLBLADDER.

Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.

A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597)

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A genus of trematode liver flukes of the family Opisthorchidae. It consists of the following species: O. felineus, O. noverca (Amphimerus noverca), and O. viverrini. The intermediate hosts are snails, fish, and AMPHIBIANS.

Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.

A species of trematode flukes of the family Opisthorchidae. Many authorities consider this genus belonging to Opisthorchis. It is common in China and other Asiatic countries. Snails and fish are the intermediate hosts.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.

A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

A spiral tube that is firmly suspended in the bony shell-shaped part of the cochlea. This ENDOLYMPH-filled cochlear duct begins at the vestibule and makes 2.5 turns around a core of spongy bone (the modiolus) thus dividing the PERILYMPH-filled spiral canal into two channels, the SCALA VESTIBULI and the SCALA TYMPANI.

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.

The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Promoting effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone on rat glandular stomach carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. (1/118)

The modifying effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), a mutagenic by-product in chlorinated water, on the development of glandular stomach cancers were investigated in Wistar rats. A total of 120 males, 6 weeks of age, were divided into six groups. After initiation with 100 ppm N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) solution and 5% NaCl diet for 8 weeks, 30 rats each in groups 1-3 were given MX in the drinking water at concentrations of 30, 10, or 0 ppm for the following 57 weeks. Ten animals each in groups 4-6 were administered the MX without prior carcinogen exposure. There were no statistical significant differences in final body weights between the groups. The incidences and multiplicities of adenocarcinomas in the glandular stomachs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the initiated 30 ppm MX group than those in the MNNG/NaCl group. The incidences of atypical hyperplasias in the glandular stomachs were also significantly increased (P < 0.05 or 0.01) by the MX treatments. With their multiplicity, the effects were clearly dose dependent. Interestingly, the 30 ppm MX alone itself induced atypical hyperplasias in the pylorus, although the incidences and severity were low. Moreover, MX showed a tendency to enhance the development of intrahepatic cholangiocellular tumors and thyroid follicular cell tumors in the MNNG-treated animals. The results of the present study thus indicate that MX exerts promoting effects when given during the postinitiation phase of two-stage glandular stomach carcinogenesis in rats. (+info)

Immunohistochemical localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 3-nitrotyrosine in rat liver tumors induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine. (2/118)

Human liver cancers have been associated mainly with chronic inflammations such as viral hepatitis B or C. This suggests that prolonged cell damage by chronic inflammation is critical in cancer development. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO.) and its derivative (NOx, peroxynitrite) has been implicated as a cause of tissue damage by inflammation, thus contributing to tumor promotion. We have demonstrated the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker of peroxynitrite formation, by immunohistochemistry in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat liver tissues induced by continuous infusion of N-nitrosodiethylamine with mini-pumps. The preneoplastic lesions were characterized by proliferation of phenotypically altered hepatic foci (PAHF), dysplastic hepatocytes and oval cells. Histologically, the tumors were hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) of trabecular, (pseudo)glandular and solid types with or without cholangiocellular involvement. iNOS was located mainly in oval cells, capillary endothelial and muscular cells, epithelia of cholangiomas and glandular HCCs. 3-Nitrotyrosine was observed in the cytoplasms of PAHF and dysplastic hepatocytes in preneoplasias and in the cytoplasms of some living or apoptotic HCC cells, connective tissues, proteinaceous fluids, sinusoidal endothelia of tumorous hepatocytes and cholangiomas in tumors. From these observations, we suggest that: (i) chronic tissue damage by chemical carcinogens may act to induce iNOS and peroxynitrite formation; (ii) oval cells play a key role in development and/or growth of tumor tissues by producing NO. via iNOS, which may also cause tissue damage by peroxynitrite; (iii) iNOS can be considered as a phenotypic marker in cells of oval cell lineage and neovascularized capillaries in tumor tissues. (+info)

Primary liver carcinoma in genetic hemochromatosis reveals a broad histologic spectrum. (3/118)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a well-known complication of genetic hemochromatosis (GH). However, the frequency of primary liver carcinoma (PLC) with biliary differentiation, such as cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma (CHCC), in GH remains unclear We analyzed the histologic type of 20 PLCs occurring in the background of GH; all patients were homozygotic for the C282Y mutation. Ten were depleted of iron by successive phlebotomies, while the remaining 10 were untreated. Histologically, 13 cases were classified as HCC, 3 as CC, and 4 as CHCC. Immunohistochemical detection of Hep Par 1, cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and MUC1 supported this classification; PLC with biliary differentiation was immunoreactive for MUC1 in 86% (6/7) of cases and for CK19 in 100% (7/7) of cases. The nontumoral liver exhibited no cirrhosis or extensive fibrosis in 6 cases. Von Meyenburg complexes were present in 11 cases and intraparenchymal bile duct adenomas in 3. These data suggest that PLCs in patients with GH present a wide histologic spectrum, with tumors showing frequent biliary differentiation; may arise on a nonfibrotic or a cirrhotic liver; and often are associated with Von Meyenburg complexes and to a lesser extent with bile duct adenomas. (+info)

Management strategies in resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. (4/118)

Between 1960 and 1990, resection was performed in 23 of 122 patients who underwent surgical treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Local excision of the lesion alone was performed in 10 cases (43%). Hepatic resection for tumor extending to the secondary bile ducts or hepatic parenchyma was performed in 13 cases (57%): extended right hepatectomy (3), right hepatectomy (1), extended left hepatectomy (6), left hepatectomy (2), and left lobectectomy (1). In three other cases, resection by total hepatectomy and liver transplantation was performed, but these were not included in the analysis of results for resection. Significant operative complications occurred in only two cases (8.7%), and the operative mortality rate was zero. In four cases, complete excision of the tumor could not be achieved macroscopically (macroscopic curative resection rate 19/122; 15.6%). In nine cases, the margins of the resected specimens were free from tumor on histologic examination (microscopic curative resection rate, 9/122; 7.4%). In 10 cases, the resection margins were found to contain tumor on histologic examination. The overall survival rate was 87% at 1 year, 63% at 2 years, and 25% at 3 years (median survival, 24 months). The survival and freedom from recurrence rates for patients with free resection margins was superior to that for patients with involved resection margins or residual macroscopic disease. A potentially curative resection, with histologically negative margins and no recurrence to date, was achieved in seven patients using the following procedures: local excision for two type I lesions; left hepatectomy plus excision of segment 1 for two type IIIb lesions and one type IV lesion; right hepatectomy and right hepatectomy plus excision of segment 1 for two type IIIa lesions. These results indicate that improved survival in hilar cholangiocarcinoma can be achieved by resection, with minimal morbidity and zero mortality rates, if histologically free resection margins are obtained. To achieve this, we recommend the following procedures for each type of lesion, based on our experience and on anatomic considerations: local excision for type I; local excision plus resection of segment 1 for type II; local excision, resection of segment 1, and right or left hepatectomy for types IIIa and b; hepatectomy plus liver transplantation for type IV. (+info)

Low frequency of p53 gene mutation in tumors induced by aflatoxin B1 in nonhuman primates. (5/118)

Aflatoxin B1 has been suggested as a causative agent for a G to T mutation at codon 249 in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas from southern Africa and Qidong in China. To test this hypothesis, nine tumors induced by aflatoxin B1 in nonhuman primates were analyzed for mutations in the p53 gene. These included four hepatocellular carcinomas, two cholangiocarcinomas, a spindle cell carcinoma of the bile duct, a hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver, and an osteogenic sarcoma of the tibia. None of the tumors showed changes at the third position of codon 249 by cleavage analysis of the HaeIII enzyme site at codon 249. A point mutation was identified in one hepatocellular carcinoma at the second position of codon 175 (G to T transversion) by sequencing analysis of the four conserved domains (II to V) in the p53 gene. These data suggest that mutations in the p53 gene are not necessary in aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in nonhuman primates. The occurrence of mutation in codon 249 of the p53 gene in selective samples of human hepatocellular cancers may indicate involvement of environmental carcinogens other than aflatoxin B1 or that hepatitis B virus-related hepatitis is a prerequisite for aflatoxin B1 induction of G to T transversion in codon 249. (+info)

Evaluation of liver tumors using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET: characterization of tumor and assessment of effect of treatment. (6/118)

To evaluate glucose metabolism in patients with tumors involving the liver, 35 patients with liver lesions had PET using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). FDG (148 MBq) was injected and radioactivity of the tumor was scanned dynamically by PET. The rate constants (k1, k2, k3, k4) of FDG in a metabolic model were calculated. The results were compared to hexokinase activity in the excised tumor specimens. k3 was found to reflect tumor hexokinase activity. When k3 was used as an index (cut-off value: 0.025), it was possible to distinguish benign and malignant tumors. k4 was significantly higher in hepatocellular carcinoma. By using k3 and k4 as indices, one could assess the degree of differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. After treatment, k3 decreased according to the effectiveness of therapy and thus may be a useful index for quantitatively assessing tumor viability. (+info)

Analysis of failure after curative irradiation of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. (7/118)

Thirty-four patients with subtotally resected or unresectable carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts received radiation therapy; a minimum of 45 Gy (external beam) to the tumor and regional lymph nodes +/- 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Seventeen patients received an external beam boost of 5 to 15 Gy to the tumor, and a specialized boost was used in the remaining 17 patients (iridium-192 transcatheter seeds in 10 and intraoperative radiation therapy [IORT] with electrons in seven). The median time to death in all 34 patients was 12 months (range, 4 to 98-months). The only patients who survived longer than 18 months were those either with gross total or subtotal resection before external irradiation (2 of 6) or who received specialized boosts (192Ir, 3 of 10; IORT, 3 of 7). Local failure was documented in 9 of 17 patients who received external beam irradiation alone +/- 5-FU, 3 of 10 patients who received an 192Ir boost, and 2 of 6 patients who received an IORT boost with curative intent. (+info)

Clinical evaluation of a new serum tumour marker CA 242 in pancreatic carcinoma. (8/118)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the new monoclonal tumour marker CA 242 in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and to compare it with the established markers CA 50 and CEA. Serum concentrations were determined in 113 patients with jaundice, in 20 patients with laboratory values suggesting cholestasis, and in 60 patients with a suspicion to have chronic pancreatitis. Twenty-four of these 193 patients had pancreatic carcinoma and two patients had carcinoma of papilla of Vater. The sensitivities of CA 242, CA 50 and CEA were 80.7%, 96.1%, and 92.3%, respectively. The specificities were 79.0%, 58.0%, and 59.2%. The sensitivities of combinations of CA 50 and CEA with CA 242 did not exceed the sensitivity of CA 50 alone. The specificity of CA 242 was improved by combining it with CEA (92.2%). The serum marker CA 242 seems to be less sensitive than CEA and CA 50 in the detection of pancreatic carcinoma, but it may prove useful because of its high specificity. (+info)

Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver) ... hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). Chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis, chronic alcohol abuse or ... bile duct) spasm of sphincter of Oddi biliary cyst biliary atresia ICD-10 codes K70-K77: Liver Diseases [1] (Diseases of liver ... of liver malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder malignant neoplasm of other parts of biliary tract extrahepatic bile duct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hepato-biliary_diseases

... malignant M8160/0 Bile duct adenoma (C22.1, C24.0) Cholangioma (M8160/3) Cholangiocarcinoma (C22.1, C24.0) Bile duct carcinoma ... benign Mesonephric adenoma Wolffian duct adenoma M9110/1 Mesonephric tumor, NOS Wolffian duct tumor M9110/3 Mesonephroma, ... Black adenoma Pigmented adenoma M8373/0 Adrenal cortical adenoma, clear cell (C74.0) M8374/0 Adrenal cortical adenoma, ... Infiltrating duct adenocarcinoma Duct adenocarcinoma, NOS Duct carcinoma, NOS Duct cell carcinoma Ductal carcinoma, NOS M8501/2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases_for_Oncology

Bile duct cystadenoma (8161) or biliary cystadenoma is a slow-growing tumour arising from bile ducts of the liver. The presence ... Cystadenoma (or "cystoma") is a type of cystic adenoma. When malignant, it is called cystadenocarcinoma. When not otherwise ... of endocrine cells in the tumour also indicates its origin from the glands surrounding the bile ducts. The incidence is 1-5 in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystadenoma

... gastrointestinal Colon cancer Extrahepatic bile duct cancer Gallbladder cancer Gastric (stomach) cancer Gastrointestinal ... Adenocarcinoma of the lung Bronchial adenomas/carcinoids Small cell lung cancer Mesothelioma Non-small cell lung cancer Non- ... Cerebral astrocytoma Glioblastoma Glioma Medulloblastoma Neuroblastoma Oligodendroglioma Pineal astrocytoma Pituitary adenoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cancer_types

Injury to hepatocyte and bile duct cells lead to accumulation of bile acid inside the liver. This promotes further liver damage ... Hepatocellular carcinoma, angiosarcoma, and liver adenomas are the ones usually reported. Causes: Vinyl chloride, combined oral ... it can produce features similar to primary biliary cirrhosis due to progressive destruction of small bile ducts (vanishing duct ... diclofenac Liver injury leads to impairment of bile flow and cases are predominated by itching and jaundice. Histology may show ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatotoxicity

... common bile duct neoplasms MeSH C06.130.320.120 - bile duct neoplasms MeSH C06.130.320.120.280 - common bile duct neoplasms ... adenoma, islet cell MeSH C06.301.761.249.500 - insulinoma MeSH C06.301.761.500 - carcinoma, islet cell MeSH C06.301.761.500.124 ... MeSH C06.130.120.120 - bile duct neoplasms MeSH C06.130.120.120.280 - common bile duct neoplasms MeSH C06.130.120.123 - biliary ... bile duct neoplasms MeSH C06.301.120.250.250 - common bile duct neoplasms MeSH C06.301.120.401 - gallbladder neoplasms MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C06)

... adenoma, bile duct MeSH C04.557.470.035.095 - adenoma, chromophobe MeSH C04.557.470.035.100 - adenoma, islet cell MeSH C04.557. ... bile duct neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.120.250.250 - common bile duct neoplasms MeSH C04.588.274.120.401 - gallbladder neoplasms ... adenoma MeSH C04.557.470.035.012 - acth-secreting pituitary adenoma MeSH C04.557.470.035.025 - adenoma, acidophil MeSH C04.557. ... adenoma, oxyphilic MeSH C04.557.470.035.155 - adenoma, pleomorphic MeSH C04.557.470.035.175 - adenoma, sweat gland MeSH C04.557 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C04)

... of the biliary system is called cholescintigraphy and is done to diagnose obstruction of the bile ducts by a ... Tc99m-sestamibi is used to detect parathyroid adenomas. To detect metastases/function of thyroid, the isotopes technetium-99m ... The radiopharmaceutical then goes into the bile ducts, the gallbladder, and the intestines. The gamma camera is placed on the ... It can also diagnose gallbladder diseases, e.g. bile leaks of biliary fistulas. In cholescintigraphy, the injected radioactive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintigraphy

Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma constitute less than 5% of intrahepatic cysts originating from the bile duct. ... It is a type of cystic adenoma (cystadenoma). Mucinous cystadenomata may arise in a number of locations; however, mucinous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucinous_cystadenoma

The device was also used to detect cancerous margins near adjacent structures of the pancreas such as the bile duct. The system ... accuracy and from follicular thyroid adenomas with 94.7% accuracy. The report also demonstrated the ability of the MasSpec Pen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MasSpec_Pen

... laparoscopic bile duct exploration, laparoscopic hernia repair, simultaneuse laparoscopic surgery were defended. At present ... in villous adenomas is greater than that of others and has higher potential for malignancy (2017). Research has shown that the ... common bile duct exploration and resection, choledocho-duodenostomy, choledocho-yeyunostomy, fundoplication, liver, pancreas, ... In patients with cholecysto-choledocholithiasis one-stage laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and cholecystectomy has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuru_Bayramov

Other primary sites that have been reported include colon, rectum, stomach, gallbladder, bile ducts, small intestine, urinary ... 2007) argued that continued use of non-malignant terms, i.e., adenoma, for those frequent cases with low-grade features (such ... Bradley states that an adenoma, by definition, is a tumor confined to the appendiceal mucosa with absolutely no evidence of ... proposed separating pseudomyxoma peritonei cases into two diagnostic categories: adenoma (disseminated peritoneal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomyxoma_peritonei

Cholangiocarcinoma, or bile duct cancer Vaginal cancer Cancer of the urachus Stomach cancer Prostate cancer The term ... Next, they suggested that k-Ras becomes activated and the polyp becomes a small, benign adenoma. The adenoma, lacking the " ... Adenocarcinoma is the malignant counterpart to adenoma, which is the benign form of such tumors. Sometimes adenomas transform ... The gastroenterologist uses a colonoscopy to find and remove these adenomas and polyps to prevent them from continuing to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenocarcinoma

... and bile duct proliferation. The first reported isolation of 'Riddelliine' was done by Richard H. F. Manske, a chemist at the ... In mice, oral administration of riddelliine led to hemangiosarcomas in the liver in males and to broncho-alveolar adenomas and ... cellular carcinomas and/or adenomas in the liver and mononuclear cell leukemia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddelliine

... bile ducts, pancreas, and testicles. The polyps often bleeds and may cause obstruction that would require surgery. Any polyps ... villous adenoma): Tubular Adenoma: 5% risk of cancer Tubulovillous adenoma: 20% risk of cancer Villous adenoma: 40% risk of ... Neoplastic polyps of the bowel are often benign hence called adenomas. An adenoma is a tumor of glandular tissue, that has not ... villous adenoma which are long finger like projections on the surface, and tubulovillous adenoma which has features of both.: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorectal_polyp

Histopathologically, an increased incidence of portal inflammatory cells infiltrate the liver and also bile duct proliferation ... of mice had lung adenomas(8% in control), 27% skin adenomas (0% in control), 11% malignant lymphomas (0% in control). Similar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzotrichloride

... a bile acid-sensitive ion channel highly expressed in bile ducts". FASEB J. 26 (10): 4122-30. doi:10.1096/fj.12-207043. PMID ... Genetic variation in the key bile acid synthesis enzyme, CYP7A1, influenced the effectiveness of UDCA in colorectal adenoma ... The bile acid pool size is between 4-6 g, which means that bile acids are recycled several times each day. About 95% of bile ... These conjugated bile acids are often referred to as bile salts. The pKa of the unconjugated bile acids are between 5 and 6.5, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid

... common bile duct - comorbidity - compassionate use trial - complementary and alternative medicine - complete blood count (CBC ... tubulovillous adenoma - tumor - tumor antigen vaccine - tumor board review - tumor burden - tumor debulking - tumor ... bile duct - biliary - bilirubin - binding agent - bioavailable - biochanin A - biochemical reactions - biological response ... intrahepatic bile ducts - intrahepatic infusion - intralesional - intraluminal intubation and dilation - Intramuscular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oncology_articles

155 Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts 156 Malignant neoplasm of gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts ... of uncertain behavior of endocrine glands and nervous system 237.0 Pituitary gland and craniopharyngeal duct Pituitary adenoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_140–239:_neoplasms

It receives and stores bile, produced by the liver, via the common hepatic duct and releases it via the common bile duct into ... Adenoma - (plural adenomas or adenomata) is a benign tumor of epithelial tissue with glandular origin, glandular ... Bile duct - is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile. Bile, required for the digestion of food, is ... which joins with the cystic duct (carrying bile to and from the gallbladder) to form the common bile duct, which opens into the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_medicine

... bile duct, pancreas, small intestine and colon/rectum. The field defect adjacent to a colon cancer consists of the inner ... and MGMT genes in colorectal cancer associated with adenoma-carcinoma sequence". Langenbecks Arch Surg. 396 (7): 1017-26. doi: ... Gong L, Debruyne PR, Witek M, Nielsen K, Snook A, Lin JE, Bombonati A, Palazzo J, Schulz S, Waldman SA (2009). "Bile acids ... "Bile acids induce ectopic expression of intestinal guanylyl cyclase C through nuclear factor-kappaB and Cdx2 in human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_cancerization

... obstructed bile duct, impaired liver function, and pancreatic disease The primary side effects of the drug are gastrointestinal ... "Aberrant crypt foci of the colon as precursors of adenoma and cancer". N Engl J Med. 339 (18): 1277-84. doi:10.1056/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlistat

Causes include Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goitre, solitary thyroid adenoma, inflammation, and a pituitary adenoma ... Segments of the duct and cysts that occur high in the neck are lined by stratified squamous epithelium, which is essentially ... perhaps by increasing the rate of secretion of cholesterol in bile. Cardiovascular. The hormones increase the rate and strength ... A persistent thyroglossal duct is the most common clinically significant birth defect of the thyroid gland. A persistent sinus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid

Bile acids, at high levels in the colons of humans eating a high fat diet, also cause DNA damage and contribute to colon cancer ... Discrete localized enlargements of normal structures (ureters, blood vessels, intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary ducts, ... and CDKN2A/p16 in colorectal adenomas". World J. Gastroenterol. 16 (28): 3553-60. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i28.3553. PMC 2909555. ... a secondary bile acid". Arch. Toxicol. 85 (8): 863-71. doi:10.1007/s00204-011-0648-7. PMC 3149672. PMID 21267546. Katsurano M, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasm

... bile ducts, kidneys, and spleen may be imaged. However, sound waves may be blocked by gas in the bowel and attenuated to ... A similar localization procedure with methylene blue, can be done to locate parathyroid adenomas. Joint injections can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasound

Disturbance of the epithelium lining the hepatic bile ducts is frequently observed in response to chronic liver inflammation, ... November 2012). "Adenoma-linked barrier defects and microbial products drive IL-23/IL-17-mediated tumour growth". Nature. 491 ( ... and increased proliferation of these ducts is associated with liver cancer. Evidence suggests that the enhanced proliferation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_lymphoid_cell

An important function is the production and control of bile acids. Too much bile acid can be toxic to cells and its synthesis ... The effect of vasopressin on the kidney tubules is to reabsorb water from the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts, ... over-production of parathyroid hormone by a parathyroid adenoma resulting in the typically features of hyperparathyroidism, ... An example of this is in the control of bile acids in the liver. Some centers, such as the renin-angiotensin system, control ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis

Bilious vomiting syndrome is vomiting in response to bile-induced inflammation of the stomach. Bile salts interfere with the ... Imperforate lacrimal punctum is a congenital disorder of dogs involving the lack of an opening to the nasolacrimal duct (tear ... Acromegaly is also possible from a somatotroph adenoma. The hormone somatostatin can also be useful in treatment. Since ... Gallbladder mucocele is a disease whereby the gallbladder becomes extended with bile and mucous, which can lead to the blockage ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dog_diseases

Discrete localized enlargements of normal structures (ureters, blood vessels, intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary ducts, ... Bile acids, at high levels in the colons of humans eating a high fat diet, also cause DNA damage and contribute to colon cancer ... and MGMT genes in colorectal cancer associated with adenoma-carcinoma sequence". Langenbecks Arch Surg. 396 (7): 1017-26. doi: ... "Carcinogenicity of deoxycholate, a secondary bile acid". Arch. Toxicol. 85 (8): 863-71. doi:10.1007/s00204-011-0648-7. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumour

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplasia

FREM1 Bile acid malabsorption, primary; 613291; SLC10A2 Bile acid synthesis defect, congenital, 2; 235555; AKR1D1 Bile acid ... TCF4 Pituitary adenoma, ACTH-secreting; 219090; AIP Pituitary adenoma, growth hormone-secreting; 102200; AIP Pituitary adenoma ... DCTN1 Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, type I; 261550; AMH Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, type II; 261550; AMHR2 ... PRKN Adenomas, multiple colorectal; 608456; MUTYH Adenomas, salivary gland pleomorphic; 181030; PLAG1 Adenomatous polyposis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

Pathologic examination results showed pancreatic cancer (n = 282; 43%), ampullary cancer (n = 70; 11%), distal common bile duct ... periampullary adenoma (n = 21; 3%), cystadenocarcinoma (n = 14; 2%), cystadenoma (n = 25; 4%), and other (n = 45; 7%). The ...

https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/1997/09000/Six_Hundred_Fifty_Consecutive.4.aspx

Unfortunately, most benign bile duct strictures (biliary strictures) are iatrogenic, resulting from operative trauma (see ... Bile duct stricture (biliary stricture) is an uncommon but challenging clinical condition that requires a coordinated ... Ampullary carcinoma: Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater usually arises from a benign adenoma. This condition is less common ... the exact prevalence of bile duct strictures is unknown. One major category of bile duct strictures is postoperative bile duct ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/186850-overview

Although adenomas have functioning hepato¬cytes they lack bile ducts. Altered hepato¬cellular metabolism may inhibit the uptake ... It is the second most common benign lesion of the liver after haemangioma and contains hepatocytes, bile duct elements, Kupffer ... The uptake of SPIO in hepatic adenomas is poor compared to FNH.11 Only 20 per cent of signal loss on T2W is usually seen in ... Hepatic Adenoma and Focal Nodular Hyperplasia: MR Findings with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Enhanced MRI (SPIO). SPIO is a ...

https://ispub.com/IJRA/9/2/3406

... developed thyroid follicular cell carcinomas and follicular cell and papillary adenomas ... and alveolar bronchiolar adenomas. Although not statistically significant, uncommon tumors such as bile duct adenomas, ... bile duct inflammation, suppression of bile excretion, and clinical hepatitis [NIOSH 1976]. In other case studies, it was ... 1979]. Bile duct proliferation and spongiosis hepatitis were observed in the livers of 3 of 8 male Spraque-Dawley rats fed ad ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/86-115/default.html

Tubulovillous Adenoma Colon or Rectum. Zenkers Diverticulum. Esophageal Stricture. Common Bile Duct Stones. ... gallbladder and bile ducts.. *Laparoscopic Surgery - Simple cases like weight loss, hernias and gallbladder problems as well as ...

https://www.wakehealth.edu/specialty/g/general-surgery

Renal cell adenomas and carcinomas, liver hepatomas, hemangiomas, hepatocarcinomas, and bile duct adenomas and carcinomas were ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=skin&t3=1&f1=%2A&s5=percutaneous&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=dermal&t4=1&terms=7&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&f2=%2A&t2=1&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&s3=dermatitis&f3=%2A&s4=cutaneous&EndYear=&f4=%2A&f5=%2A&whichdate=DP&D1=10&PageNo=343&RecNo=3423&View=f&

... with bile duct adenomas. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/177216-44043/what-is-the-significance-of-high-ferritin-levels-in-the-evaluation-of-hemochromatosis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Classification_of_Diseases_for_Oncology

... and bile duct proliferation. The area of central scarring and nodular architecture can be absent in some cases (atypical FNH) ... The most challenging differential diagnosis for FNH is hepatic adenoma (HA). It is an important distinction to make because HA ... bile duct proliferation, and fibrous septae.. FNH and HA overlap in occasional cases and recent information provides an ... There is no longer a telangiectactic variant of FNH, as this has been reclassified as an inflammatory hepatic adenoma. However ...

https://www.cap.org/member-resources/pathology-case-challenge/liver-2018-4

Expertise, Disease and Conditions: Abdominal Pain, Anal Fistula, Anemias, Barretts Esophagus, Bile Duct Disease, Bloating, ... Adenoma, Hepatic Encephalopathy, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Hepatomegaly (Enlarged Liver), Jaundice, Liver Cancer, Liver Cysts, ... Expertise, Disease and Conditions: Barretts Esophagus, Bile Duct Disease, Burping Belching, Chest Pain, Cholangiocarcinoma, ... Bile Duct Disease, Cholangiocarcinoma, Cholestatic Liver Diseases of Childhood, Cirrhosis, Colonoscopy, Elevated Liver Tests, ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gastroenterology_hepatology/appointments_locations/bayview-baltimore.html

... liver and intrahepatic bile ducts), Program (TCGA),Project (TCGA-LIHC), Disease Type (Adenomas and adenocarcinomas); Files(425 ... Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts), Program (TCGA), Project (TCGA-LIHC), Disease Type (Adenomas and adenocarcinomas); Files ( ... liver and intrahepatic bile ducts); Files(423): Data Category: Clinical, Data Format: BCR XML] (Table 1) were obtained from ... Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements of ROS1, FRK and IL6 activating JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas. ...

https://medsci.org/v18p0984.htm

... liver cell adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, bile duct tumours, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and other ... or 19 helps to highlight bile ducts and is very useful in the assessment of general morphology, bile duct damage, ductopenia, ... The fibro-obliterative lesions and lack of bile duct in the portal area adjacent to large artery and vein are characteristic. ... Primary sclerosing cholangitis is characterised by loss of medium and large-sized bile ducts. ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/18775

... while bile duct proliferation is probably associated with the altered architecture of the liver. Changes in the liver may be ... The development of altered cell foci and the single occurrence of a hepatocellular adenoma in males at this dosage is probably ... while bile duct proliferation is probably associated with the altered architecture of the liver. Changes in the liver may be ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/sv/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/10111/7/9/1

Bile duct adenoma (morphologic abnormality). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Bile duct adenoma (morphologic abnormality). ... Bile duct adenoma Active Synonym false false 66206017 Cholangioma Active Synonym false false ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=39471001

Adenoma, Bile Duct 1 0 Heroin Dependence 1 0 Hypersensitivity 1 0 ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/huGEPedia.action?firstQuery=NCAM1&geneID=4684&typeSubmit=GO&check=y&typeOption=gene&which=2&pubOrderType=pubD

1 Adenoma Pleomorphic. *1 Arrhythmias, Cardiac. *1 Bile Ducts Obstruction, Extrahepatic. *1 Biochemistry ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/125323/simple-search?query=&filter_field_1=dateIssued&filter_type_1=equals&filter_value_1=%5B1953+TO+1959%5D&filter_field_2=dateIssued&filter_type_2=equals&filter_value_2=1956&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&etal=0&start=10

Radiological and histopathological analyses of two bile duct adenoma cases focused on washout in the portal phase of contrast- ...

https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2017&publicationYear=2019&publicationYear=2020&publicationYear=2021&author=b3d194e3-bb55-462d-8b5a-052bc1893df9&format=&nofollow=true&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false&page=1674

Endoscopic cholangioscopy, used to detect and treat of stones, tumors and diseases of the bile duct; this technology is ... Ampullary adenomas. Malignant conditions of the pancreatic-biliary system. *Pancreatic cancer (adenocarcinoma) ... Endoscopic-ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of solid, cystic, and complex tumors of the pancreas and bile ducts ... Optical coherence tomography, used to detect benign and malignant diseases of the bile duct ...

https://www.massgeneral.org/digestive/treatments-and-services/pancreas?TRILIBIS_EMULATOR_UA=ulvhbdkubeqb%2Culvhbdkubeqb%2Culvhbdkubeqb%2Culvhbdkubeqb

Diagnosis: Bile duct adenoma Week 176: Case 5. Diagnosis: osteoclast-like giant cellsUndifferentiated carcinoma Week 170: Case ... Diagnosis: bile ductobstructionTraumatic neuroma Week 181: Case 6. Diagnosis: AMLAngiomyolipoma Week 181: Case 4. ... Diagnosis: Bile duct hamartoma Week 201: Case 4. Diagnosis: Well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma Week 198: Case 6. ...

https://apps.pathology.jhu.edu/sp/category/liver/page/2/

Colon adenoma:1,,Colonoscopist:1,,Common bile duct stone:1,,Complete Small Bowel Study:1,,Complications:1,,Conscious sedation:1 ... Gastric adenoma:1,,Gastric cell:1,,Gastric diverticulum:1,,Gastric neoplasm:1,,Gastric neoplasms:1,,Gastric phytobezoars:1,, ...

https://scholarworks.korea.ac.kr/kumedicine/researcher-profile?ep=462

... bile duct hyperplasia and cyst, and cholangiofibrosis. The incidences of these lesions were often decreased in the 4,600 µg/kg ... At the 53-week interim evaluation, three 4,600 µg/kg rats had liver cholangiocarcinoma and one had hepatocellular adenoma. At 2 ... At 2 years, there were marginally increased incidences of exocrine pancreatic adenoma or carcinoma in the 460, 1,000, and 4,600 ... Pancreas: acinar adenoma (0/52, 0/52, 0/52, 2/52, 3/52, 1/47, 0/49); acinar adenoma or carcinoma (0/52, 0/52, 0/52, 2/52, 3/52 ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/publications/reports/tr/500s/tr559/index.html

Bile duct adenoma and biliary papillomatosis.. *Carolis disease (cystic dilatation of ducts) ... Bile duct tumors that involve the common hepatic duct bifurcation are referred to as Klatskin tumors regardless of whether they ... There is a 9-18% five year survival for proximal bile duct lesions and 20-30% for distal lesions.. Median survival for patients ... Hilar tumours- en bloc resection of the extrahepatic bile ducts and gall bladder, regional lymphadenectomy, and Roux-en-Y ...

https://www.gastrotraining.com/category/pancreaticobiliary/biliary-gi-cancers-pancreaticobiliary/cholangiocarcinoma-biliary-gi-cancers-pancreaticobiliary-pancreaticobiliary

Most of the malignant liver tumors were positive for EZH2, but neither of the adenomas, cirrhotic/dysplastic nodules, reactive ... 17 metastatic liver tumors 24 hepatocellular adenomas, 15 high grade dysplastic nodules, 3 biliary cystadenomas, 3 biliary ... It has been described to distinguish reliably hepatocellular carcinomas from liver adenomas and other benign hepatocellular ... note the unstained nuclei of the non tumorous bile duct in the center¸D/positively stained highly differentiated CCC (Klatskin ...

https://diagnosticpathology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-1596-7-86

Intrahepatic bile duct adenoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis B accompanied by elevation of alpha-fetoprotein Jem Ma Ahn, ...

https://www.e-cmh.org/current/?vol=21&no=4

Inthesmallproportionof patients in whom bile duct drainage is not possible endoscopically, the percutaneous route ... Treatment includes surgical removal of the adenoma and biopsy of the remaining parathyroid glands to rule out parathyroid ... All glomeruli lie in the cortex, and tubules dip in and out of the medulla, where the collecting ducts merge to form the ducts ... Primary biliary cirrhosis is a disease commonly found in middleaged women that affects smaller bile ducts and, as the name ...

https://hopeforheartsfoundation.org/support/order-cheap-cp-colchi/

34, 35] The tumor may spread locally to the duodenal wall, pancreas, or bile duct, or it may spread by metastases to local and ... The incidence of stones in the common duct is increased in the setting of papillary cancers or adenomas. Whether this ... Coexisting gallbladder or common bile duct (CBD) stones (13%-20% of cases) ... distal bile duct, pancreatic, and duodenal cancers. However, without careful histologic analysis, it is difficult, if not ...

http://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/187464-overview

How do Bile duct injuries Sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy differ from those during open cholecystectomy . ... Duodenal villous Adenoma, Trop Gastoenterol Jan-Mar 1999;20(1),40-41 ...

https://www.yashodahospitals.com/doctor/malakpet/bariatric-surgery/dr-m-manisegaran/

More than 80% of gastrinomas arise within the triangle defined as the confluence of the cystic and common bile duct superiorly ... type I and are associated with hyperparathyroidism and pituitary adenomas. These MEN I associated tumors have been observed to ... 1] splenic hilum, omentum, liver, gallbladder, common bile duct, and the ovary. ...

https://www.staging.medscape.com/answers/184332-159486/what-is-gastrinoma

Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F l mice receiving MDA as 4,4′-methylenedianiline dihydrochloride ad libitum in drinking water for 2 years developed thyroid follicular cell carcinomas and adenomas, C-cell adenomas of the thyroid, hepatocellular carcinomas and adenomas, alveolar bronchiolar adenomas, malignant lymphomas, and benign tumors of the adrenal gland. (cdc.gov)
Periampullary carcinoma includes tumors arising in the head, neck, or uncinate process of the pancreas, tumors arising in the distal common bile duct, tumors arising in the duodenum, as well as tumors arising from the ampulla of Vater. (medscape.com)
Bile duct tumors that involve the common hepatic duct bifurcation are referred to as Klatskin tumors regardless of whether they arise from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic portion of the biliary tree. (gastrotraining.com)
EZH2 expression was examined in 44 hepatocellular carcinomas, 23 cholangiocarcinomas, 31 hepatoblastomas, 16 other childhood tumor types (rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor and rhabdoid tumor), 17 metastatic liver tumors 24 hepatocellular adenomas, 15 high grade dysplastic nodules, 3 biliary cystadenomas, 3 biliary hamartomas and 3 Caroli's diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
Most of the malignant liver tumors were positive for EZH2, but neither of the adenomas, cirrhotic/dysplastic nodules, reactive and hamartomatous biliary ductules stained positively. (biomedcentral.com)
It also can be challenging, especially in case of highly differentiated tumors, to distinguish these from dysplastic nodules or hepatocellular adenomas. (biomedcentral.com)
Periampullary cancers can be broadly considered as tumors arising within 1 cm of the ampulla of Vater and include ampullary, distal bile duct, pancreatic, and duodenal cancers. (medscape.com)
Although malignant tumors of the main papilla are more common, a number of benign neoplasms also may arise in the periampullary area, including benign adenomas (tubular and villous), lipomas, hamartomas, fibromas, and neurogenic tumors. (medscape.com)
Tumors of the liver occur when there is an error in the regulation of growth of any of the cells in the liver, including the liver cells themselves (hepatocytes), the bile duct cells, or the blood vessels within the liver. (oncolink.org)
Other benign tumors include adenomas (benign tumors of the hepatocytes) and focal nodular hyperplasia (a localized growth of several types of liver cells). (oncolink.org)
DICER1 tumor predisposition (DICER1) is characterized by an increased risk for pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), pulmonary cysts, thyroid gland neoplasia (multinodular goiter, adenomas, and/or thyroid cancer), ovarian tumors (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, gynandroblastoma, and sarcoma), and cystic nephroma. (nih.gov)
Objective: to characterize the clinical and endoscopic bile duct tumors of patients. (bvsalud.org)
Tumors of the gallbladder and bile duct there are main four kinds of tumors or cancer related to malfunction in the gallbladder and in the duct. (majordiseases.com)

Most of these patients die of complications of tumor invasion and metastasis rather than from the bile duct stricture per se. (medscape.com)
Wistar rats receiving a single injection of 2,2′-dihydroxy-N-nitrosodipropylamine (a tumor initiator) followed by 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA) in the diet for 19 weeks, developed thyroid follicular cell carcinomas and follicular cell and papillary adenomas. (cdc.gov)
Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, shown in the image below, is a rare malignant tumor arising within 2 cm of the distal end of the common bile duct, where it passes through the wall of the duodenum and ampullary papilla. (medscape.com)
A benign tumor of the intrahepatic bile ducts. (bvsalud.org)
The most common benign tumor of the ampulla is the villous adenoma. (medscape.com)
In our institute, the indication of endoscopic papillectomy is set for adenoma or early cancer without tumor growth in the bile duct or the pancreatic duct. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Cholesterol polyps are associated with papillomas and adenomas are few types of this tumor. (majordiseases.com)

Moreover, a central scar may be found in some patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma , hepatic adenoma , or intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma . (medscape.com)
Cholangiocarcinoma can happen anywhere in the biliary tree from the bile ducts to the papilla of Vater. (majordiseases.com)

Focal Nodular Hyperplasia and Hepatic Adenoma : Differentiation with Low Index Contrast Enhanced Sonography. (ispub.com)
There is no longer a telangiectactic variant of FNH, as this has been reclassified as an inflammatory hepatic adenoma. (cap.org)

Malignant strictures are usually the result of either a primary bile duct cancer (ie, causing a narrowing of the bile duct lumen and obstructing the flow of bile) or extrinsic compression of the bile ducts by a neoplasm in an adjacent organ, such as the gallbladder, pancreas, or liver (see image below). (medscape.com)
It is the second most common benign lesion of the liver after haemangioma and contains hepatocytes, bile duct elements, Kupffer cells and fibrous tissue. (ispub.com)
Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery - General surgical treatment for benign and malignant diseases of the liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts. (wakehealth.edu)
It has been described to distinguish reliably hepatocellular carcinomas from liver adenomas and other benign hepatocellular lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
Bile is a liquid produced by the liver to help digestion. (taxandbizafrique.com)
Cancer in liver, cancer in the bile duct and liver adenoma also reduces the functional capacity of the liver and may cause liver failure. (liverhelplineindia.com)
These cancers can arise from the bile ducts within the liver (known as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas) or from the bile ducts as they lead away from the liver (known as extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas). (oncolink.org)
Increased Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver-1 by Placental Stem Cells Promotes Hepatic Regeneration in a Bile-Duct-Ligated Rat Model. (chamc.co.kr)
Here we report a rare case of Caroli's disease limited to one liver segment, which was initially misdiagnosed as an intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. (bvsalud.org)

In a series of 52 patients with biopsy-proven ampullary adenomas or carcinomas, Ponchon et al noted a normal endoscopic appearance of the papilla in 37% of patients. (medscape.com)

One fourth of gastrinomas are related to multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I and are associated with hyperparathyroidism and pituitary adenomas. (medscape.com)
Szürkehályog optikai szonda Pituitary Adenoma: Diagnosis. (dekormatrica.hu)
A pituitary adenoma may be suspected based on symptoms, the medical history, and physical findings. (dekormatrica.hu)
Although studies suggest that the optimal treatment for pituitary adenomas. (berea.edu)
We report a case of MEN-1 with duodeno-pancreatic gastrinoma , parathyroid hyperplasia , pituitary adenoma , adrenal adenoma , and lipomas, whose rare association with a malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) represents an undescribed combination. (lookfordiagnosis.com)

More than 80% of gastrinomas arise within the triangle defined as the confluence of the cystic and common bile duct superiorly, the second and third portions of the duodenum inferiorly, and the neck and body of the pancreas medially. (medscape.com)

USS- Diagnosis should be suspected when ducts are dilated. (gastrotraining.com)

When preoperative endoscopic biopsy identifies a lesion as an ampullary adenoma with no high-risk features (eg, high-grade dysplasia), treatment with local resection (ampullectomy) may be considered, if the patient is not a candidate for pancreaticoduodenectomy. (medscape.com)
This video illustrates two cases of ampullary adenoma treated with endoscopic papillectomy (a.k.a. (csurgeries.com)

The common bile duct merges with the pancreatic duct of Wirsung to form a common channel that exits through the ampulla into the duodenum. (medscape.com)
Sphincter of oddi dysfunction is malfunctioning of a small smooth muscle sphincter situated at the intersection of the bile duct and pancreatic duct in the duodenum. (majordiseases.com)

The most distal portion of the common bile duct is dilated (ie, forms the ampulla of Vater) and is surrounded by the sphincter of Oddi, which spirals upward around the terminal portion of the duct. (medscape.com)

However, not all bile duct strictures are benign. (medscape.com)
Nonetheless, both benign and malignant bile duct strictures can be associated with distressing symptoms and excessive morbidity. (medscape.com)
Strictures of the bile duct can be benign or malignant. (medscape.com)
Benign strictures develop when the bile ducts are injured in some way. (medscape.com)
Depending on the nature of the insult, bile duct strictures can be single or multiple. (medscape.com)
Atrophy of the hepatic segment or lobe drained by the involved bile ducts, associated with hypertrophy of the unaffected segments, can occur, especially with chronic high-grade strictures. (medscape.com)
Most strictures after a laparoscopic procedure are short and occur more commonly in the common hepatic duct (ie, distal to the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts). (medscape.com)
The causes of benign bile duct strictures are usually surgical inexperience, failure to recognize abnormal biliary anatomy and congenital anomalies, acute inflammation, misplacement of clips, excessive use of cautery, and excessive dissection around the major bile ducts, resulting in ischemic injury. (medscape.com)

We report a 69-year-old man with double cancers in the common bile duct . (lookfordiagnosis.com)

Focused parathyroidectomy entails an image-guided exploration of a single parathyroid adenoma with the utilization of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) …Hiatal herniation, in which the abdominal organs protrude into the chest cavity, may also result from the aging process. (ava-hall.de)
Notice the adenoma, benign tumorin the parathyroid gland. (kd-group.ro)

Cholangiocarcinomas arise from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts. (gastrotraining.com)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic cholangiogram demonstrating an isolated mid-hepatic duct stricture as a result of pancreatic cancer. (medscape.com)
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic cholangiogram demonstrating a long bile duct stricture that represents external compression by gallbladder cancer. (medscape.com)
One cancer was located between the superior and middle parts of the bile duct, while the other cancer was in the inferior part of the bile duct. (lookfordiagnosis.com)

Injury to bile ducts can occur during either laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy. (medscape.com)

Focal intrahepatic benign bile duct stricture after cholecystectomy. (medscape.com)

The gallbladder attacks symptoms are caused by the gallbladder stones, in which a stone blocks the neck of the gallbladder and does not allow the bile duct to flow the bile. (majordiseases.com)
Its sub types are Pure Cholesterol stones (10%) Mixed stone (90%) composed of cholesterol, bile pigments and calcium. (majordiseases.com)

Bile duct stricture (also called biliary stricture) is an uncommon but challenging clinical condition that requires a coordinated multidisciplinary approach involving gastroenterologists, radiologists, and surgical specialists. (medscape.com)

Klatskin tumorobstructing his bile ducts? (kd-group.ro)

Adenoma, Basophil" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)

Acute cholangitis Choledocholithiasis In it a rare disease in which stone in produced in the bile ducts, it is very painful and causes inflammation by blocking the flow of bile. (majordiseases.com)

Positron emission tomography - PET scan permits visualization of cholangiocarcinomas because of the high glucose uptake of bile duct epithelium. (gastrotraining.com)

The nodules are divided by fibrous septae that contain marked bile ductular proliferation. (cap.org)

Gallstones may be caused by an imbalance in the chemical make-up of bile inside the gallbladder. (taxandbizafrique.com)
As bile, substances become hard, and they form gallstones, which is common in women. (majordiseases.com)
When bile substances become hard and they form gallstones, which is common in women with age of 40 or more. (majordiseases.com)

Also sustained portal phase enhancement is more common in FN H than in adenoma. (ispub.com)

Classical FNH is characterized by the presence of three histopathologic findings: abnormal nodular architecture, abnormal vasculature, and bile duct proliferation. (cap.org)

Anatomy43

Organisms8

Diseases106

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment57

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care10

Promoting effects of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone on rat glandular stomach carcinogenesis initiated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. (1/118)

Immunohistochemical localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase and 3-nitrotyrosine in rat liver tumors induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine. (2/118)

Primary liver carcinoma in genetic hemochromatosis reveals a broad histologic spectrum. (3/118)

Management strategies in resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. (4/118)

Low frequency of p53 gene mutation in tumors induced by aflatoxin B1 in nonhuman primates. (5/118)

Evaluation of liver tumors using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET: characterization of tumor and assessment of effect of treatment. (6/118)

Analysis of failure after curative irradiation of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. (7/118)

Clinical evaluation of a new serum tumour marker CA 242 in pancreatic carcinoma. (8/118)

Bile Ducts

Adenoma

Common Bile Duct

Bile

Bile Duct Diseases

Bile Acids and Salts

Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic

Bile Duct Neoplasms

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic

Common Bile Duct Diseases

Cholestasis

Adenoma, Bile Duct

Pancreatic Ducts

Gallstones

Common Bile Duct Neoplasms

Adenoma, Villous

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde

Cholangiography

Hepatic Duct, Common

Adenoma, Pleomorphic

Cholestasis, Extrahepatic

Cystic Duct

Cholelithiasis

Thoracic Duct

Pituitary Neoplasms

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic

Adrenocortical Adenoma

Biliary Tract

Cholecystectomy

Jaundice, Obstructive

Adenoma, Liver Cell

Cholangitis

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures

Ligation

Choledocholithiasis

Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic

Gallbladder

Biliary Tract Diseases

Ampulla of Vater

Salivary Ducts

Liver

Adenoma, Chromophobe

Bile Pigments

Bile Canaliculi

Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance

Biliary Fistula

Cholangiocarcinoma

Wolffian Ducts

Colorectal Neoplasms

Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

Sphincter of Oddi

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic

Colonic Polyps

Mullerian Ducts

ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

Bile Reflux

Choledochal Cyst

Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary

Biliary Atresia

Taurocholic Acid

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

Choledochostomy

Pancreatitis

Drainage

Gallbladder Neoplasms

Adenoma, Acidophil

Colonoscopy

Adenomatous Polyps

Immunohistochemistry

Bilirubin

Prolactinoma

Cholangitis, Sclerosing

Cholic Acids

Chenodeoxycholic Acid

Cholagogues and Choleretics

Jejunostomy

Jaundice

Kidney Tubules, Collecting

Adenoma, Basophil

Biliary Tract Neoplasms