Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous: An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Pancreatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).Esophageal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.Adenocarcinoma, Papillary: An adenocarcinoma containing finger-like processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. It occurs most frequently in the ovary and thyroid gland. (Stedman, 25th ed)Barrett Esophagus: A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal: Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar: A carcinoma thought to be derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Stomach Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.Cardia: That part of the STOMACH close to the opening from ESOPHAGUS into the stomach (cardiac orifice), the ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION. The cardia is so named because of its closeness to the HEART. Cardia is characterized by the lack of acid-forming cells (GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS).Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Colonic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Esophagogastric Junction: The area covering the terminal portion of ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of STOMACH at the cardiac orifice.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Keratin-7: A type II keratin found associated with KERATIN-19 in ductal epithelia and gastrointestinal epithelia.Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Carcinoma, Squamous Cell: A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Endometrial Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.Neoplasms, Multiple Primary: Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.Precancerous Conditions: Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Intestinal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.Prostatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.Tumor Cells, Cultured: Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.Duodenal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the DUODENUM.Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell: A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.Carcinoma, Endometrioid: An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of cells resembling the glandular cells of the ENDOMETRIUM. It is a common histological type of ovarian CARCINOMA and ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA. There is a high frequency of co-occurrence of this form of adenocarcinoma in both tissues.Cecal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the CECUM.Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental: Experimentally induced mammary neoplasms in animals to provide a model for studying human BREAST NEOPLASMS.Neoplasm Invasiveness: Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell: An adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of varying combinations of clear and hobnail-shaped tumor cells. There are three predominant patterns described as tubulocystic, solid, and papillary. These tumors, usually located in the female reproductive organs, have been seen more frequently in young women since 1970 as a result of the association with intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed)Metaplasia: A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Colorectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.Rectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.Ampulla of Vater: A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.Genes, ras: Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.Common Bile Duct Neoplasms: Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.Keratin-20: A type I keratin expressed predominately in gastrointestinal epithelia, MERKEL CELLS, and the TASTE BUDS of the oral mucosa.Tissue Array Analysis: The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.Ileal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer in the ILEUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).Adenoma: A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Pancreaticoduodenectomy: The excision of the head of the pancreas and the encircling loop of the duodenum to which it is connected.DNA, Neoplasm: DNA present in neoplastic tissue.Jejunal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer in the JEJUNUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.Neoplasm Metastasis: The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.Lymphatic Metastasis: Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.Neoplasm Proteins: Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung: A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.Carcinoma, Adenosquamous: A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma.Carcinoembryonic Antigen: A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.Carcinoma, Acinar Cell: A malignant tumor arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (Latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (Latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumor appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1240; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p575)Neoplasm Transplantation: Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.Esophagus: The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Gastrectomy: Excision of the whole (total gastrectomy) or part (subtotal gastrectomy, partial gastrectomy, gastric resection) of the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)Mice, Nude: Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PARANASAL SINUSES.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Carcinoma in Situ: A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor: A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.Pancreatectomy: Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)Fatal Outcome: Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.Antigens, Neoplasm: Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.Uterine Cervical Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Mucins: High molecular weight mucoproteins that protect the surface of EPITHELIAL CELLS by providing a barrier to particulate matter and microorganisms. Membrane-anchored mucins may have additional roles concerned with protein interactions at the cell surface.Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, from the MOUTH to the ANAL CANAL.Tumor Suppressor Protein p53: Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control CELL PROLIFERATION and APOPTOSIS. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in LEUKEMIA; OSTEOSARCOMA; LUNG CANCER; and COLORECTAL CANCER.Appendiceal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the APPENDIX.Pancreatic Ducts: Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.Cell Proliferation: All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.Gene Expression Profiling: The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.Gallbladder Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.DeoxycytidineSigmoid Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the SIGMOID COLON.Esophagectomy: Excision of part (partial) or all (total) of the esophagus. (Dorland, 28th ed)Endometrial Hyperplasia: Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.Cell Transformation, Neoplastic: Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.Ovarian Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A premalignant change arising in the prostatic epithelium, regarded as the most important and most likely precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The neoplasia takes the form of an intra-acinar or ductal proliferation of secretory cells with unequivocal nuclear anaplasia, which corresponds to nuclear grade 2 and 3 invasive prostate cancer.ras Proteins: Small, monomeric GTP-binding proteins encoded by ras genes (GENES, RAS). The protooncogene-derived protein, PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS), plays a role in normal cellular growth, differentiation and development. The oncogene-derived protein (ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS)) can play a role in aberrant cellular regulation during neoplastic cell transformation (CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC). This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.Carcinoma, Large Cell: A tumor of undifferentiated (anaplastic) cells of large size. It is usually bronchogenic. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Neoplasms, Experimental: Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.CA-19-9 Antigen: Sialylated Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigen found in many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, especially pancreatic tumors.Uterine Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.Mammary Neoplasms, Animal: Tumors or cancer of the MAMMARY GLAND in animals (MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL).Mucin-2: A gel-forming mucin found predominantly in SMALL INTESTINE and variety of mucous membrane-containing organs. It provides a protective, lubricating barrier against particles and infectious agents.Gastric Mucosa: Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.Apoptosis: One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.Carcinoma: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Carcinoma, Small Cell: An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)Adenoma, Villous: An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed)Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Prostate: A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the RECTUM.Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis: Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.Pancreas: A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Transplantation, Heterologous: Transplantation between animals of different species.Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine: A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round "blue cells", granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small ("oat") cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Mucin-1: Carbohydrate antigen elevated in patients with tumors of the breast, ovary, lung, and prostate as well as other disorders. The mucin is expressed normally by most glandular epithelia but shows particularly increased expression in the breast at lactation and in malignancy. It is thus an established serum marker for breast cancer.Loss of Heterozygosity: The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.RNA, Neoplasm: RNA present in neoplastic tissue.Cystadenocarcinoma: A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic: Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.Esophagoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the esophagus.Genes, erbB-1: The proto-oncogene c-erbB-1 codes for the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from the viral homolog v-erbB which was isolated from an avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) where it was contained as a fragment of the chicken c-ErbB-1 gene lacking the amino-terminal ligand-binding domain. Overexpression of erbB-1 genes occurs in a wide range of tumors, commonly squamous carcinomas of various sites and less commonly adenocarcinomas. The human c-erbB-1 gene is located in the chromosomal region 7p14 and 7p12.Mesothelioma: A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Cisplatin: An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.Biopsy, Needle: Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.Proto-Oncogene Proteins: Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.Anal Sacs: A pair of anal glands or sacs, located on either side of the ANUS, that produce and store a dark, foul-smelling fluid in carnivorous animals such as MEPHITIDAE and DOGS. The expelled fluid is used as a defensive repellent (in skunks) or a material to mark territory (in dogs).QuinazolinesCystadenocarcinoma, Serous: A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)Cell Division: The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Neoplasms, Unknown Primary: Metastases in which the tissue of origin is unknown.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Ki-67 Antigen: A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.Cyclooxygenase 2: An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.DNA Mutational Analysis: Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate: Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.Chemotherapy, Adjuvant: Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.HT29 Cells: Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells such as the GOBLET CELLS.Pleural Effusion, Malignant: Presence of fluid in the PLEURAL CAVITY as a complication of malignant disease. Malignant pleural effusions often contain actual malignant cells.Mucin-4: A transmembrane mucin that is found in a broad variety of epithelial tissue. Mucin-4 may play a role in regulating cellular adhesion and in cell surface signaling from the ERBB-2 RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE. Mucin-4 is a heterodimer of alpha and beta chains. The alpha and beta chains result from the proteolytic cleavage of a precursor protein.In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence: A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.Gastroesophageal Reflux: Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Hysterectomy: Excision of the uterus.Gene Amplification: A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.beta Catenin: A multi-functional catenin that participates in CELL ADHESION and nuclear signaling. Beta catenin binds CADHERINS and helps link their cytoplasmic tails to the ACTIN in the CYTOSKELETON via ALPHA CATENIN. It also serves as a transcriptional co-activator and downstream component of WNT PROTEIN-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Urachus: An embryonic structure originating from the ALLANTOIS. It is a canal connecting the fetal URINARY BLADDER and the UMBILICUS. It is normally converted into a fibrous cord postnatally. When the canal fails to be filled and remains open (patent urachus), urine leaks through the umbilicus.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Radiotherapy, Adjuvant: Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.Up-Regulation: A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.Pancreatitis, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.Neoplasms, Complex and Mixed: Neoplasms composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue.Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous: A malignant cystic or semisolid tumor most often occurring in the ovary. Rarely, one is solid. This tumor may develop from a mucinous cystadenoma, or it may be malignant at the onset. The cysts are lined with tall columnar epithelial cells; in others, the epithelium consists of many layers of cells that have lost normal structure entirely. In the more undifferentiated tumors, one may see sheets and nests of tumor cells that have very little resemblance to the parent structure. (Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p184)Nose Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the NOSE.Neoplasm Grading: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Colon: The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.Carcinoid Tumor: A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)DNA Methylation: Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.Bile Duct Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus: A BETARETROVIRUS that causes pulmonary adenomatosis in sheep (PULMONARY ADENOMATOSIS, OVINE).Intestinal Mucosa: Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.Digestive System Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Genes, Tumor Suppressor: Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.Drug Resistance, Neoplasm: Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Nitrosamines: A class of compounds that contain a -NH2 and a -NO radical. Many members of this group have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Genes, p53: Tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of human chromosome 17 and coding for the phosphoprotein p53.Carcinosarcoma: A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Smad4 Protein: A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. The complex then translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Vaginal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.Neoadjuvant Therapy: Preliminary cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone/endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, etc.) that precedes a necessary second modality of treatment.Pulmonary Adenomatosis, Ovine: A contagious, neoplastic, pulmonary disease of sheep characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pneumocytes and epithelial cells of the lung. It is caused by JAAGSIEKTE SHEEP RETROVIRUS.Cadherins: Calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They are important in the formation of ADHERENS JUNCTIONS between cells. Cadherins are classified by their distinct immunological and tissue specificities, either by letters (E- for epithelial, N- for neural, and P- for placental cadherins) or by numbers (cadherin-12 or N-cadherin 2 for brain-cadherin). Cadherins promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism as in the construction of tissues and of the whole animal body.Histocytochemistry: Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Rats, Inbred F344Epithelium: One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.Duodenogastric Reflux: Retrograde flow of duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the STOMACH.
Stimulation of thymidine uptake and cell proliferation in mouse embryo fibroblasts by conditioned medium from mammary cells in culture. (1/18479)
Undialyzed conditioned medium from several cell culture sources did not stimulate thymidine incorporation or cell overgrowth in quiescent, density-inhibited mouse embryo fibroblast cells. However, dialyzed conditioned medium (DCM) from clonal mouse mammary cell lines MCG-V14, MCG-T14, MCG-T10; HeLa cells; primary mouse adenocarcinoma cells; and BALB/c normal mouse mammary epithelial cells promoted growth in quiescent fibroblasts. The amount of growth-promoting activity produced per cell varied from 24% (HeLa) to 213% (MCG-V14) of the activity produced by primary tumor cells. The production of growth-promoting activity was not unique to tumor-derived cells or cells of high tumorigenicity. The amount of growth-promoting activity produced per cell in the active cultures was not correlated with any of the following: tumorigenicity, growth rat, cell density achieved at saturation, cell type, or species of cell origin. It is concluded that transformed and non-transformed cells of diverse origin, cell type, and tumorigenicity can produce growth factors in culture. The growth-promoting potential of the active media from primary tumor cultures accumulated with time of contact with cells and was too great to be accounted for entirely by the removal of low-molecular-weight inhibitors by dialysis. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that conditioned medium from the active cultures contained a dialyzable, growth-promoting activity. Different cell lines exhibited differential sensitivity to tumor cell DCM and fetal bovine serum. Furthermore, quiescent fibroblasts were stimulated by primary tumor cell DCM in the presence of saturating concentrations of fetal bovine serum. These observations support the notion that the active growth-promoting principle in primary tumor cell DCM may not be a serum factor(s). (+info)Classification of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. (2/18479)
Eleven human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines established in this laboratory were classified into three groups based on morphological features (light and electron microscopy), modal chromosome number, and ability to synthesize carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Group 1 cell lines contained both dedifferentiated and differentiating cells growing in tight clusters or islands of epithelium-like cells; their modal chromosome number was about 47, and they synthesized small to moderate amounts of CEA. Group 2 cell lines were more dedifferentiated, were hyperdiploid, and synthesized small amounts of CEA. Group 3 cell lines were morphologically similar to those of Group 1 by light microscopy. They differed ultrastructurally by containing microvesicular bodies; the modal chromosome number varied from hyperdiploid to hypertriploid or they had bimodal populations of hypodiploid and hypertriploid cells, and they synthesized relatively large amounts of CEA. No correlation could be found between Broder's grade or Duke's classification of the original tumor and modal chromosome number or ability to synthesize CEA. These findings support Nowell's hypothesis that the stem line is different for each solid tumor, which makes it difficult to relate chromosomal changes to the initiation of the neoplastic state. (+info)Expression of Bcl-2 protein is decreased in colorectal adenocarcinomas with microsatellite instability. (3/18479)
Bcl-2 is known to inhibit apoptosis and is thought to play a role in colorectal tumour development. Studies of the promoter region of bcl-2 have indicated the presence of a p53 responsive element which downregulates bcl-2 expression. Since p53 is commonly mutated in colorectal cancers, but rarely in those tumours showing microsatellite instability (MSI), the aim of this study was to examine the relationship of bcl-2 protein expression to MSI, as well as to other clinicopathological and molecular variables, in colorectal adenocarcinomas. Expression of bcl-2 was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 71 colorectal cancers which had been previously assigned to three classes depending upon their levels of MSI. MSI-high tumours demonstrated instability in three or more of six microsatellite markers tested, MSI-low tumours in one or two of six, and MSI-null in none of six. Bcl-2 expression in tumours was quantified independently by two pathologists and assigned to one of five categories, with respect to the number of cells which showed positive staining: 0, up to 5%; 1, 6-25%; 2, 26-50%; 3, 51-75%; and 4, > or =76%. Bcl-2 negative tumours were defined as those with a score of 0. Bcl-2 protein expression was tested for association with clinicopathological stage, differentiation level, tumour site, age, sex, survival, evidence of p53 inactivation and MSI level. A significant association was found between bcl-2 expression and patient survival (P = 0.012, Gehan Wilcoxon test). Further, a significant reciprocal relationship was found between bcl-2 expression and the presence of MSI (P = 0.012, Wilcoxon rank sum test). We conclude that bcl-2 expressing colorectal cancers are more likely to be MSI-null, and to be associated with improved patient survival. (+info)Reactive oxygen intermediate-dependent NF-kappaB activation by interleukin-1beta requires 5-lipoxygenase or NADPH oxidase activity. (4/18479)
We previously reported that the role of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in NF-kappaB activation by proinflammatory cytokines was cell specific. However, the sources for ROIs in various cell types are yet to be determined and might include 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and NADPH oxidase. 5-LOX and 5-LOX activating protein (FLAP) are coexpressed in lymphoid cells but not in monocytic or epithelial cells. Stimulation of lymphoid cells with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) led to ROI production and NF-kappaB activation, which could both be blocked by antioxidants or FLAP inhibitors, confirming that 5-LOX was the source of ROIs and was required for NF-kappaB activation in these cells. IL-1beta stimulation of epithelial cells did not generate any ROIs and NF-kappaB induction was not influenced by 5-LOX inhibitors. However, reintroduction of a functional 5-LOX system in these cells allowed ROI production and 5-LOX-dependent NF-kappaB activation. In monocytic cells, IL-1beta treatment led to a production of ROIs which is independent of the 5-LOX enzyme but requires the NADPH oxidase activity. This pathway involves the Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases, two enzymes which are not required for NF-kappaB activation by IL-1beta in epithelial cells. In conclusion, three different cell-specific pathways lead to NF-kappaB activation by IL-1beta: a pathway dependent on ROI production by 5-LOX in lymphoid cells, an ROI- and 5-LOX-independent pathway in epithelial cells, and a pathway requiring ROI production by NADPH oxidase in monocytic cells. (+info)Multiple target sites of allelic imbalance on chromosome 17 in Barrett's oesophageal cancer. (5/18479)
Twelve Barrett's adenocarcinomas have been analysed for the occurrence of allelic imbalance (LOH) on chromosome 17 using 41 microsatellite markers. This study provides evidence for 13 minimal regions of LOH, six on 17p and seven on 17q. Four of these centre in the vicinity of the known tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) TP53 (17p13.1), NFI (17q11.2), BRCA1 (17q21.1), and a putative TSG (17p13.3). The tumours all displayed relatively small regions of LOH (1-10 cM), and in several tumours extensive regions of LOH were detected. One tumour displayed only two very small regions of LOH; 17p11.2 and 17p13.1. The frequency of allelic imbalance has been calculated based on the LOH encompassing only one minimal region, and based on all the LOH observations. By both evaluations the highest LOH frequencies were found for regions II (p53), III (17p13.1 centromeric to p53), IV (17p12), V (17p11.2) and VII (NF1, 17q11.2). Our data supports the existence of multiple TSGs on chromosome 17 and challenges the view that p53 is the sole target of LOH on 17p in Barrett's adenocarcinoma. (+info)In vivo isolated kidney perfusion with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in tumour-bearing rats. (6/18479)
Isolated perfusion of the extremities with high-dose tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plus melphalan leads to dramatic tumour response in patients with irresectable soft tissue sarcoma or multiple melanoma in transit metastases. We developed in vivo isolated organ perfusion models to determine whether similar tumour responses in solid organ tumours can be obtained with this regimen. Here, we describe the technique of isolated kidney perfusion. We studied the feasibility of a perfusion with TNF-alpha and assessed its anti-tumour effects in tumour models differing in tumour vasculature. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) proved to be only 1 microg TNF-alpha. Higher doses appeared to induce renal failure and a secondary cytokine release with fatal respiratory and septic shock-like symptoms. In vitro, the combination of TNF-alpha and melphalan did not result in a synergistic growth-inhibiting effect on CC 531 colon adenocarcinoma cells, whereas an additive effect was observed on osteosarcoma ROS-1 cells. In vivo isolated kidney perfusion, with TNF-alpha alone or in combination with melphalan, did not result in a significant anti-tumour response in either tumour model in a subrenal capsule assay. We conclude that, because of the susceptibility of the kidney to perfusion with TNF-alpha, the minimal threshold concentration of TNF-alpha to exert its anti-tumour effects was not reached. The applicability of TNF-alpha in isolated kidney perfusion for human tumours seems, therefore, questionable. (+info)Reirradiation combined with hyperthermia in recurrent breast cancer results in a worthwhile local palliation. (7/18479)
Both experimental and clinical research have shown that hyperthermia (HT) gives valuable additional effects when applied in combination with radiotherapy (RT). The purpose of this study was evaluation of results in patients with recurrent breast cancer, treated at the Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center (DHCC) with reirradiation (re-RT; eight fractions of 4 Gy twice weekly) combined with HT. All 134 patients for whom such treatment was planned were included in the analysis. The complete response rate in 119 patients with macroscopic tumour was 71%. Including the 15 patients with microscopic disease, the local control rate was 73%. The median duration of local control was 32 months, and toxicity was acceptable. The complete response (CR) rate was higher, and the toxicity was less with the later developed 433-MHz HT technique compared with the 2450-MHz technique used initially. With this relatively well-tolerated treatment, palliation by local tumour control of a worthwhile duration is achieved in the majority of patients. The technique used for hyperthermia appeared to influence the achieved results. The value of HT in addition to this re-RT schedule has been confirmed by a prospective randomized trial in a similar patient group. In The Netherlands, this combined treatment is offered as standard to patients with breast cancer recurring in previously irradiated areas. (+info)Treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with the long-acting somatostatin analogue lanreotide: in vitro and in vivo results. (8/18479)
Fourteen patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with the long-acting somatostatin (SST) analogue lanreotide. No objective response was obtained, and the median survival was 4 months (range 1.8-7 months). Pancreatic cancer could not be visualized by means of SST-receptor (R) scintigraphy in our patients. In vitro data also demonstrated absence of SSTR2 expression, suggesting pancreatic cancer not to be a potential target for treatment with SST analogues. (+info)Colorectal adenocarcinoma. Field stain. Granuloma. Field stain. Chunge, CN.; Ngige, S.; Bwibo, CR.; Mulega, PC.; Kilonzo, JF.; ...
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which affects the exocrine part of the pancreas, is by far the most common form. The many types of ... Pancreatic adenocarcinoma typically has poor outcomes with the average percentage alive for at least one and five years after ... ISBN 978-0-7020-3085-7. Ryan DP, Hong TS, Bardeesy N (September 2014). "Pancreatic adenocarcinoma". N. Engl. J. Med. 371 (11): ... Pancreatic cancers, particularly the most common type, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, remain very difficult to treat, and are ...
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma typically has a very poor prognosis: after diagnosis, 25% of people survive one year and 5% live for ... Typically, pancreatic adenocarcinoma first spreads to nearby lymph nodes, and later to the liver or to the peritoneal cavity, ... These adenocarcinomas start within the part of the pancreas which makes digestive enzymes. Several other types of cancer, which ... Pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the other less common exocrine cancers have a very poor prognosis, as they are normally diagnosed ...
Mäkinen MJ (January 2007). "Colorectal serrated adenocarcinoma". Histopathology. 50 (1): 131-50. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006. ...
... s are overwhelmingly adenocarcinomas (90%). Histologically, there are two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma ( ... Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa and then the ... Obesity is a physical risk factor that has been found to increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma by contributing to the ... Diffuse type adenocarcinoma (mucinous, colloid, linitis plastica or leather-bottle stomach) tumour cells are discohesive and ...
Mucinous adenocarcinoma Grubor, NM.; Colovic, RB.; Atkinson, HD.; Micev, MT. (2013). "Giant biliary mucinous cystadenoma of the ...
Motoi N, Szoke J, Riely GJ, Seshan VE, Kris MG, Rusch VW, Gerald WL, Travis WD (June 2008). "Lung adenocarcinoma: modification ... De Oliveira Duarte Achcar R, Nikiforova MN, Yousem SA (May 2009). "Micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma: EGFR, K-ras, and BRAF ... Stahel RA (July 2007). "Adenocarcinoma, a molecular perspective". Annals of Oncology. 18 (Suppl 9): ix147-9. doi:10.1093/annonc ... "Morphologic features of adenocarcinoma of the lung predictive of response to the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase ...
June 2008). "Lung adenocarcinoma: modification of the 2004 WHO mixed subtype to include the major histologic subtype suggests ... Other analyses suggest that, in at least in some cases, more highly differentiated variants of NSCLC (i.e. adenocarcinoma) can ... The most common forms of NSCLC identified as components within c-SCLC are large cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous ... De Oliveira Duarte Achcar R, Nikiforova MN, Yousem SA (May 2009). "Micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma: EGFR, K-ras, and BRAF ...
Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma • Polynoxylin • Polyvinyl siloxane • Post-canine megadontia • Post and core • Posterior ...
... lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells; human colorectal cancer cells; corneal epithelial cells; and Jurkat T-cell leukemia cells. The ... is expressed in benign prostatic epithelium and reduced in prostate adenocarcinoma". The American Journal of Pathology. 155 (1 ... "Arachidonic acid metabolism in growth control of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells". Biochemistry. Biokhimiia. 67 (9): 1021- ...
Subsequent studies have shown an approximate 40-fold increased risk of vaginal/cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma in women ... Herbst AL, Ulfelder H, Poskanzer DC (April 1971). "Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy ... clear cell adenocarcinoma) of the vagina and/or cervix. DES Diethylstilbestrol Provides resources and social media links for ... who had been diagnosed with vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma had been exposed prenatally to DES. ...
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma from biopsy. H&E stain. Micrograph of the endometrium. Micrograph of decidualized endometrium due ...
Adenocarcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor, originating from superficial glandular epithelial cells lining the colon and ... "Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (colon)". pathologyatlas.ro. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Sostres C ... This occurs in mucinous adenocarcinoma, in which cells are poorly differentiated. If the mucus remains inside the tumor cell, ... The most common form of colon cancer is adenocarcinoma (98% of cases). Other, rarer types include lymphoma, adenosquamous and ...
". "IM Quiz: Pleural Adenocarcinoma". ...
EGFR Adenocarcinoma of lung, somatic; 211980; BRAF Adenocarcinoma of lung, somatic; 211980; ERBB2 Adenocarcinoma of lung, ... somatic; 211980; PRKN Adenocarcinoma, ovarian, somatic; 604370; PRKN Adenomas, multiple colorectal; 608456; MUTYH Adenomas, ... ACADS Adenocarcinoma of lung, response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in; 211980; ...
"Jejunal adenocarcinoma: an elusive diagnosis". Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2 (3): 197-201. doi:10.1007/s13193-011-0101 ... "The liver Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of Colorectal Cancer With Synchronous Isolated Hepatic Tuberculosis". Hepatitis Monthly. 13 ...
It is considered an adenocarcinoma. There are two subtypes: sporadic (that is, non-hereditary) and hereditary. Both such ...
Adenocarcinoma has been linked to effects of long-term acid reflux. Tobacco is a risk factor for both types. Both types are ... Adenocarcinomas tend to occur nearer the stomach and squamous cell carcinomas nearer the throat, but either may arise anywhere ... Adenocarcinoma arises from glandular cells present in the lower third of the esophagus, often where they have already ... Esophageal adenocarcinoma age-adjusted incidence increased in New Mexico from 1973 to 1997. This increase was found in non- ...
Basophil adenocarcinoma Mucoid cell adenocarcinoma M8310/0 Clear cell adenoma M8310/3 Clear cell adenocarcinoma, NOS Clear cell ... M8140/2 Adenocarcinoma in situ, NOS (M8140/3) Adenocarcinoma, NOS M8140/6 Adenocarcinoma, metastatic, NOS M8141/3 Scirrhous ... Parietal cell adenocarcinoma M8215/3 Adenocarcinoma of anal glands (C21.1) Adenocarcinoma of anal ducts M8220/0 Adenomatous ... NOS M8210/3 Adenocarcinoma in adeonmatous polyp Adenocarcinoma in tubular adenoma Carcinoma in adeomatous polyp Adenocarcinoma ...
Its histology is usually adenocarcinoma. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Gardner syndrome, Lynch syndrome, Muir-Torre ... of a prognostic nomogram designed for gastric cancer in predicting outcome of patients with R0 resected duodenal adenocarcinoma ...
For non-adenocarcinoma urachal cancer a diagnostic classification scheme has been proposed by Paner et al. Surgery is the ... Mostofi, F. K.; Thomson, R. V.; Dean, A. L. (1955-08-01). "Mucous adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder". Cancer. 8 (4): 741- ... Wheeler, J. D.; Hill, W. T. (1954-01-01). "Adenocarcinoma involving the urinary bladder". Cancer. 7 (1): 119-135. doi:10.1002/ ... The histology can be difficult to distinguish especially from colorectal cancer and primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary ...
C. High-grade prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN). D. Prostatic adeno-carcinoma (PCA). Lifestyle alterations to address ...
Jakus, S.; Edmonds, P.; Dunton, C.; Holland, G. (Jan 2002). "Atypical polypoid adenomyoma mimicking cervical adenocarcinoma". J ... The microscopic differential diagnosis includes endometrial carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma. Adenomyoma Cervical ...
An association with adenocarcinoma was made in 1975. Shaheen NJ, Richter JE (March 2009). "Barrett oesophagus". Lancet. 373 ( ... 2011). "Incidence of adenocarcinoma among patients with Barrett's esophagus". N Engl J Med. 365: 1375-83. doi:10.1056/ ... Koppert LB, Wijnhoven BP, van Dekken H, Tilanus HW, Dinjens WN (2005). "The molecular biology of esophageal adenocarcinoma". J ... Reid BJ, Li X, Galipeau PC, Vaughan TL (February 2010). "Barrett oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: time for a new ...
... differentiate between adenocarcinoma and peritoneal mesothelioma; and seek to identify the origin of tumors in patients ...
cells, it is generally considered as an adenocarcinoma (ADC).. Inclusion Criteria:. - Adenocarcinoma R0 resection Primary ... choice for localized esophageal adenocarcinoma.. Signet-ring cell carcinoma is a unique histologic subtype of adenocarcinoma ... adenocarcinoma in which the predominant component (more than 50% of the tumor) consists of. isolated or small groups of SRC in ... Adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is an aggressive. neoplasm and has a poor prognosis. ...
Primary signet cell adenocarcinoma is diagnosed by eliminating the adenocarcinomas of other organs such as gastrointestinal ... Celik, O., Budak, S., Ekin, G., Akarken, I., & Ilbey, Y. O. (2014). A case with primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of the ... In this case report, we present a case with primary signet cell adenocarcinoma of the prostate who received docetaxel ... Prognosis of the classical type is worse than the adenocarcinoma of the prostate. ...
The detailed histopathological examination was suggestive of Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma. In view of close margins, ... Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is a rare salivary gland neoplasm with an indolent course. It occurs primarily in ... Polymorphous Low Grade Adenocarcinoma of the Parotid in a Teenager. Article 10, Volume 29, Issue 5 - Issue Serial Number 94, ... Polymorphous low‑grade adenocarcinoma: A study of 40 cases with long‑term follow up and an evaluation of the importance of ...
Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma; A Hidden Cancer Tumours of the apocrine glands of the anal sac represent 2% of all canine skin and ... Most tumours are malignant (adenocarcinoma) with 46-90% of tumours having spread at time of diagnosis. Early diagnosis, ...
Media related to Adenocarcinomas at Wikimedia Commons "Adenocarcinoma"-NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms Surgical Videos, Images ... Several of the most common forms of cancer are adenocarcinomas, and the various sorts of adenocarcinoma vary greatly in all ... Nearly 40% of lung cancers are adenocarcinoma, which usually originates in peripheral lung tissue. Most cases of adenocarcinoma ... Adenocarcinoma (/ˌædɪnoʊkɑːrsɪˈnoʊmə/; plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata /ˌædɪnoʊkɑːrsɪˈnoʊmɪtə/) is a type of ...
Ceruminous adenocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm derived from ceruminous glands of the external auditory canal. This tumor is ... The most common tumor type is ceruminous adenoid cystic carcinoma and ceruminous adenocarcinoma, NOS. Pain is the most common ... The tumors are separated into three main histologic or microscopic types: Ceruminous adenocarcinoma, NOS Ceruminous adenoid ... Synonyms have included cylindroma, ceruminoma, ceruminous adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), ceruminous adenoid ...
The term pancreatic cancer encompasses both exocrine and endocrine tumours (see box 1), of which over 80% are adenocarcinomas. ... Search terms were pancreatic cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pancreatic neoplasia or neoplasm. Only papers written in ... and current management of so called curable and incurable pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The main surgical options available to ... Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. BMJ 2012; 344 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e2476 (Published 16 May 2012) Cite this as: BMJ 2012; ...
Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that forms in the glandular cells near the lower part of the ... Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. *Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma facts. *What is gastroesophageal junction ... What are risk factors for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma?. *What are gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma ... What are risk factors for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma?. *What are gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma ...
Adenocarcinomas occur in distal esophagus and often involve esophagogastric junction. Radiotherapy plays a key role in ... Kwong D.L.W., Lam K.O. (2018) Radiotherapy for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. In: Lam A. (eds) Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Methods ... Radiotherapy Esophageal adenocarcinoma Neoadjuvant Palliative Chemoradiotherapy This is a preview of subscription content, log ... Adenocarcinomas occur in distal esophagus and often involve esophagogastric junction. Radiotherapy plays a key role in ...
I just got Dads records and they state he had Adenocarcinoma. Can anyone tell me what that means??I am age 47 - Father, ... I think that adenocarcinoma is cancer of a gland, but Im no expert. The prostate is a gland. Someone smarter than I should ... I just got Dads records and they state he had Adenocarcinoma. Can anyone tell me what that means?? ... BTW - a definition of Adenocarcinoma can be found at:. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenocarcinoma ...
Malignant adenocarcinomas invade other tissues and often metastasize.. Diagnosing and treating adenocarcinomas Adenocarcinomas ... What is adenocarcinoma?. Adenocarcinoma is a cancer originating in glandular tissue. The tissues affected are part of a larger ... The leading cancer of the colon is adenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinomas are extremely common in the lungs. Other organs that may ... Which organs are affected with adenocarcinomas?. Adenocarcinoma can occur in some higher mammals, including humans. These ...
The pathology of the polyp was reported as adenocarcinoma in situ. He presented to our clinic 2 years later chiefly complaining ... Biopsy showed it was an adenocarcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was 2.21 ng/dl. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed that ... we encountered two patients with adenocarcinoma on the hemorrhoidectomy wound after hemorrhoidectomy. ...
... for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma at the NCCN 14th Annual... ... pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the second most common cause of ... "NCCN Announces Updates To Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Guidelines." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 14 Mar. 2009. Web.. 19 ... for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma at the NCCN 14th Annual Conference. Margaret A. Tempero, MD, of UCSF Helen Diller Family ... 2009, March 14). "NCCN Announces Updates To Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Guidelines." Medical News Today. Retrieved from. https:// ...
Adenocarcinoma Clinical Research Trial Listings in Oncology Family Medicine on CenterWatch ... Adenocarcinoma Clinical Trials. A listing of Adenocarcinoma medical research trials actively recruiting patient volunteers. ... LDE225 + Everolimus in Advanced Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma Study Groups: If participant is found to be eligible to take ... adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ...
MOL] Adenocarcinoma. *To: "[email protected]" ,[email protected], ... My mother was diagnosed with Adenocarcinoma May 8 of the stomach. It has spread to her liver with "several" spots, a 5" tumor ...
Recently a relative of my was diagnosed as having adenocarcinoma of the lung. I have been searching the WEB over and cannot ...
AAdenocarcinomaAdenoviridaeAnimalsBALBBiologicalBurdenCC57BLCellCellsCulturedDiseaseEndothelialExperimentalFactorFemaleGenetic ... 80AdenocarcinomaAdultAgedAntibodiesCCellChemistryDDisease-FreeEndothelialFactorGrowthHumansImmunohistochemistryLaboratoriesLine ... 1AdenocarcinomaAutocrineBreastCCarcinomaCellColorectalCommunicationEndothelialExpressionFactorGeneGrowthHumanHumansHypoxia ... AAdenocarcinomaAnimalsAntibodiesBreastCarcinomaCellCellsCulturedDose-ResponseDown-RegulationDrugEndothelialEpidermalExpression ...
Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that forms in the glandular cells near the lower part of the ... Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma facts. *A gastroesophageal (GE) junction adenocarcinoma is a cancer that begins in ... home/cancer center/cancer a-z list/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma index/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma ... Palmdale Doctors and Specialists for Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. Doctors in Palmdale, CA. Dont see your city? ...
This chest x-ray shows adenocarcinoma of the lung. There is a rounded light spot in the right upper lung (left side of the ... This chest x-ray shows adenocarcinoma of the lung. There is a rounded light spot in the right upper lung (left side of the ...
If a person is genetically predisposed to develop small intestine adenocarcinoma, tests (see below) can be done to find it ... Can Small Intestine Cancer (Adenocarcinoma) Be Found Early?. (Note: This information is about small intestine cancers called ... But small intestine adenocarcinomas are rare, and no effective screening tests have been found for these cancers, so routine ... adenocarcinomas. To learn about other types of cancer that can start in the small intestine, see Gastrointestinal Carcinoid ...
Papillary adenocarcinoma definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. ... papillary adenocarcinoma. n.. *An adenocarcinoma containing fingerlike processes of vascular connective tissue covered by ...
The most frequent tumor of the duodenum is adenocarcinoma [1, 2]. Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum may arise from duodenal polyps ... I. A. Spira, A. Ghazi, and W. I. Wolff, "Primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum," Cancer, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 1721-1726, 1977. ... Psoas Muscle Infiltration Masquerading Distant Adenocarcinoma. Kamel A. Gharaibeh,1 Arnaldo Lopez-Ruiz,1 and Tauqeer Yousuf1,2 ... D. M. Rose, S. N. Hochwald, D. S. Klimstra, and M. F. Brennan, "Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma: a ten-year experience with 79 ...
Anal adenocarcinoma occurrence in children is very rare. In this study, we discuss one case of anal adenocarcinoma in a 12-year ... An Exceptional Adenocarcinoma in a Girl. Bangaly Traore,1 Ibrahima Kalil Cisse,1 Malick Bah,1 and Ahmed Monzomba Keita2 ... Anal adenocarcinoma is very rare and usually occurs in the elderly. We present a case of a 12-year-old girl with an anal margin ... Anal adenocarcinoma occurrence in a 12-year-old child is extremely rare. The average age is 65 years or older [5, 6]. To our ...
... adenocarcinoma, admission, alcohol abuse, alcohol consumption, alcoholic, ampulla adenocarcinoma, ampullectomy, anal canal, ... Video Tag: Gastric Adenocarcinoma. SAGES Webinar : Preparing for the ABSITE-December 2017. ... esophageal adenocarcinoma, esophageal obstruction, esophagus, EUA, EUS, exam under anesthesia, external-beam radiation, ... gastric adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, gastric mucosa, gastric outlet obstruction, gastric polyps, gastric ulcer, gastric ...
Metastatic epstein Barr Virus type retropharyngeal adenocarcinoma; need for access for chemo therapy. Can I just icd-9 198.89 ... Metastatic epstein Barr Virus type retropharyngeal adenocarcinoma; need for access for chemo therapy.. Can I just icd-9 198.89 ...
PrimaryCancerDuctalPancreasColorectal adenocarcinomaLung adenocarcinomasGlandular tissueColonBladder adenocarcinomaMetastatic adenocarcinomaProstate cancerEsophagogastric junctionTissueDiagnosisChemotherapyAcinarPancreatic cancerEsophageal cancerSubtypesRisk of esophagealTissuesEpithelialMRNAUrachal adenocarcinomaPoorly differentiated adenocarcinomaEpidemiologyOccurSignet ringEndometrial adenocarcinomaGastroesophageal adenocarcinomaClassificationLungsIncidenceEtiologyProgressionGastric AdenocarcinomaSymptomsUlcerative colitisResectionGastrointestinalSecretory propertiesAdenomasPulmonary adenocarcinomaSquamousOccurrencePathologyOvarian
- Primary signet cell adenocarcinoma is diagnosed by eliminating the adenocarcinomas of other organs such as gastrointestinal tract organs. (pagepressjournals.org)
- In this case report, we present a case with primary signet cell adenocarcinoma of the prostate who received docetaxel chemotherapy because of short prostate specific antigen doubling time. (pagepressjournals.org)
- Adenocarcinoma: This type of cancer begins in gland cells in the vagina. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Thus invasive ductal carcinoma, the most common form of breast cancer, is adenocarcinoma but does not use the term in its name-however, esophageal adenocarcinoma does to distinguish it from the other common type of esophageal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
- over 80% of pancreatic cancers are ductal adenocarcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
- The three most common histopathological types collectively represent approximately three-quarters of breast cancers: Invasive ductal carcinoma: 55% of breast cancers Ductal carcinoma in situ: 13% Invasive lobular carcinoma: 5% The vast majority of colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incurable lethal disease whose incidence rate is growing. (nih.gov)
- Biopsy showing carcinoma with ductal features indicates more advanced cancer at prostatectomy and shortened progression time than Gleason ≤ 7 acinar adenocarcinoma. (auanet.org)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a deadly cancer, killing patients within a year. (news-medical.net)
- In clinical practice, pancreatic cancer is synonymous with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which constitutes 90% of all primary malignant tumors arising from the pancreatic gland. (medscape.com)
- Can radiomics detect pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? (auntminnie.com)
- April 25, 2019 -- Radiomics and a machine-learning algorithm can differentiate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from a normal pancreas on CT studies, potentially enabling earlier diagnosis of this highly lethal cancer, according to research published online April 23 in the American Journal of Roentgenology . (auntminnie.com)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most deadly forms of cancer. (pnas.org)
- The majority of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is of ductal origin and contains a large desmoplastic component thought to promote tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor microenvironment. (pnas.org)
- All of these models show progressive neoplastic lesions, termed mPanIN ( 12 ), and develop locally invasive, and in some cases, metastatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (pnas.org)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents an immune quiescent tumor that is resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. (jci.org)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a major cause of cancer-related death in the U.S., and its incidence is increasing ( CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67(1):7-30, CA Cancer J Clin 2012;62(2):118-128). (lww.com)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common form of pancreatic cancer, making up more than 80 percent of cases. (nih.gov)
- Desmoplastic tumor stroma characterizes the primary tumor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but its role in tumor progression and metastasis is less clear. (endocrineweb.com)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the fifth commonest cause of cancer-related mortality in the UK and by 2030 will cause more deaths than breast cancer. (qub.ac.uk)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. (mdpi.com)
- Immunohistochemical antibody cocktail staining (p63/ HMWCK/[alpha]-methylacyl-CoA racemase) of ductal adenocarcinoma and Gleason pattern 4 cribriform and noncribriform acinar adenocarcinomas of the prostate. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of prostate cancer (PCa). (urotoday.com)
- Histopathologic evaluation revealed primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. (scielo.br)
- These histopathologic findings were compatible with poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland, T3N0M0. (scielo.br)
- O exame histopatológico revelou adenocarcinoma ductal primário da glândula lacrimal. (scielo.br)
- Estes achados histopatológicos foram compatíveis com o diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma ductal pouco diferenciado da glândula lacrimal, T3N0M0. (scielo.br)
- Distinct subtypes of lacrimal gland adenocarcinoma such as primary ductal adenocarcinoma have been recently reported in the literature (2-8) . (scielo.br)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains amongst the most lethal human cancers. (mdpi.com)
- The host stromal response to an invasive epithelial carcinoma is frequently called a desmoplastic reaction (DR) and is a universal feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). (aacrjournals.org)
- A hallmark in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the presence of 'desmoplasia,' which is defined as proliferation of fibrotic tissue with an altered ECM conducive to tumor growth and metastasis. (aacrjournals.org)
- up to 80% of pancreas adenocarcinoma patients have diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. (usp.br)
- The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes between pancreas adenocarcinoma of patients who had and who did not have diabetes mellitus before surgery. (usp.br)
- This is a prospective, non-randomised, open label, Phase I, dose escalation study of plerixafor (MozobilTM) in patients with histological documentation of advanced pancreatic, high grade serous ovarian or colorectal adenocarcinoma. (centerwatch.com)
- May also have enteric morphology (looks like colorectal adenocarcinoma) . (auanet.org)
- SOX9 was upregulated at both the mRNA and protein level in the majority of lung adenocarcinomas compared with normal tissue. (bmj.com)
- Here we report a large-scale project to characterize copy-number alterations in primary lung adenocarcinomas. (broadinstitute.org)
- On the basis of genomic and functional analyses, we identify NKX2-1 (NK2 homeobox 1, also called TITF1), which lies in the minimal 14q13.3 amplification interval and encodes a lineage-specific transcription factor, as a novel candidate proto-oncogene involved in a significant fraction of lung adenocarcinomas. (broadinstitute.org)
- Here we report a large, training-testing, multi-site, blinded validation study to characterize the performance of several prognostic models based on gene expression for 442 lung adenocarcinomas. (nature.com)
- This study also provides the largest available set of microarray data with extensive pathological and clinical annotation for lung adenocarcinomas. (nature.com)
- Well differentiated adenocarcinomas tend to resemble the glandular tissue that they are derived from, while poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas may not. (wikipedia.org)
- Adenocarcinoma is a cancer originating in glandular tissue. (news-medical.net)
- Adenocarcinoma is a cancer that originates in glandular tissue. (bionity.com)
- There are numerous types of metastatic adenocarcinoma because the cancerous cells that form in glandular tissue or the surface layers of organs can spread to many different locations in the body. (wisegeek.com)
- The leading cancer of the colon is adenocarcinoma, and adenocarcinomas are extremely common in the lungs. (news-medical.net)
- S. E. Kim, E. P. Heo, T. J. Yoon and T. H. Kim, "Segmentally Distributed Neurofibromatosis Associated with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon," The Journal of Dermatology, Vol. 29, No. 6, 2002, pp. 350-353. (scirp.org)
- an adenocarcinoma of the colon has a different prognosis and treatment than an adenocarcinoma of the ovary . (nextbio.com)
- A novel treatment approach prolonging survival in an uncommon metastatic primary bladder adenocarcinoma. (urotoday.com)
- Primary bladder adenocarcinoma (PBA) is an epithelial malignancy with pure glandular differentiation, without evidence of typical urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma. (urotoday.com)
- What Are the Different Types of Metastatic Adenocarcinoma? (wisegeek.com)
- Metastatic adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that forms in the epithelial cells of the body and then travels to another location or metastasizes to another organ in the body. (wisegeek.com)
- Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the bowel accounts for over 90 percent of all colorectal cancers. (wisegeek.com)
- Almost all breast cancers begin in the the glands of the breast, known as the ducts or lobules, meaning almost all breast cancer is the result of a metastatic adenocarcinoma. (wisegeek.com)
- The cytological profile and immunohistochemical characteristics of the biopsy sample were consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma, probably of pancreatic origin. (mja.com.au)
- prostate cancer is nearly always adenocarcinoma cervical cancer: most is squamous cell cancer, but 10-15% of cervical cancers are adenocarcinomas stomach cancer Most breast cancers start in the ducts or lobules, and are adenocarcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
- This cancer has also been referred to as esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. (medicinenet.com)
- Siewert JR, Marcus F, Werner M et al (2000) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: results of surgical therapy based on anatomical/topographic classification in 1,002 consecutive patients. (springer.com)
- An adenocarcinoma containing fingerlike processes of vascular connective tissue covered by neoplastic epithelium, projecting into cysts or the cavity of glands or follicles. (dictionary.com)
- Adenocarcinomas are cancers of the ovary lining and are epithelial in tissue type. (microscopyu.com)
- These adenomas can develop into cancerous tissue, which is then classified as an adenocarcinoma. (wisegeek.com)
- In addition, recurrent lung adenocarcinoma tissue showed significantly higher SOX9 expression than that of a primary lesion. (bmj.com)
- Adenocarcinoma in situ, which occurs most often in the cervix, may become cancer and spread to nearby normal tissue. (cancer.gov)
- Our aim is to provide updated information on primary and secondary bladder adenocarcinomas, with focus on pathologic features, differential diagnosis, and clinical relevance. (urotoday.com)
- Should always include metastasis or extension from an intestinal adenocarcinoma, before making the diagnosis. (auanet.org)
- My sister's diagnosis is poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. (wisegeek.com)
- Ultrasound is also a valuable tool in the diagnosis of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. (petmd.com)
- SOX9 may be an important biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma which could aid in the early detection and diagnosis of NSCLC. (bmj.com)
- Describe the advantages and disadvantages of this technique for diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- V. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative techniques for diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- A diagnosis of adenocarcinoma which is not further described, known as adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified or adenocarcinoma NOS , is significant because it indicates a cancerous process is present. (nextbio.com)
- Adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified is often a preliminary diagnosis and can frequently be clarified by a pathologist with the use of immunohistochemistry . (nextbio.com)
- After surgery, the patient may undergo chemotherapy and radiation to prevent the adenocarcinoma coming back. (news-medical.net)
- Researchers are still trying to find out which chemotherapy drugs are best for small intestine adenocarcinoma. (cancer.ca)
- The treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma includes surgical resection, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy depending on the clinical staging. (isciii.es)
- trifluridine/tipiracil) for adult patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma previously treated with at least two prior lines of chemotherapy. (curetoday.com)
- Treatment for adenocarcinoma of the bronchus usually includes some combination of surgery, chemotherapy , and radiation therapy . (freemd.com)
- Occurs more commonly in combination with acinar adenocarcinoma. (auanet.org)
- However, a variant of acinar adenocarcinoma , termed pseudohyperplastic carcinoma (48) (Figure 11, B through D), can, especially on lower-power magnification, look very much like such benign hyperplastic glands even in needle biopsy material. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Neither EGFR protein nor EGFR mRNA was detected in more advanced lesions such as acinar adenocarcinomas (in situ). (tudelft.nl)
- These findings suggest that down-regulation of EGFR at the protein level may abrogate negative constraints on cell growth, which may stimulate the development of putative preneoplastic AACN to more advanced lesions and, ultimately, acinar adenocarcinomas. (tudelft.nl)
- Search terms were pancreatic cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pancreatic neoplasia or neoplasm. (bmj.com)
- The term pancreatic cancer encompasses both exocrine and endocrine tumours (see box 1), of which over 80% are adenocarcinomas. (bmj.com)
- Human pancreatic cancer develops from preinvasive neoplasias, typically intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), although intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia and mucinous cystic neoplasia can also give rise to adenocarcinoma ( 3 ). (pnas.org)
- Although once a rare cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma now accounts for about half of esophageal cancer cases in the United States and other Western countries, the researchers said. (medpagetoday.com)
- We evaluated epidemiologic trends and survival for bladder cancer histologic subtypes in California patients by comparing urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and non-urothelial subtypes including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (ADC), and small-cell carcinoma (SmCC). (urotoday.com)
- Colonization with strains positive for the CagA protein were associated with 59% reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.62), reported Farin Kamangar, M.D., Ph.D., of the National Cancer Institute here, and Farhad Islami, Ph.D., of the University of Tehran in Iran and King's College London. (medpagetoday.com)
- Occupation and risk of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. (biomedsearch.com)
- Adenocarcinomas can arise in many tissues of the body owing to the ubiquitous nature of glands within the body, and, more fundamentally, to the potency of epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Since epithelium and glandular tissues are widely occurring in the body, adenocarcinoma can affect several organs. (news-medical.net)
- Malignant adenocarcinomas invade other tissues and often metastasize. (news-medical.net)
- Nasal adenocarcinoma is a slow, progressive, local infiltration by cancer cells of tissues lining the inside of the nose. (petwave.com)
- Adenocarcinomas can arise in many tissues of the body due to the ubiquitous nature of glands within the body. (nextbio.com)
- Malignant adenocarcinomas invade other tissues and often metastasize given enough time to do so. (nextbio.com)
- The term adenocarcinoma is derived from 'adeno' meaning 'pertaining to a gland' and ' carcinoma ', which describes a cancer that has developed in the epithelial cells. (bionity.com)
- Also, in ductular adenocarcinomas TGF-α and EGFR (but not EGF) mRNA levels were significantly higher than in normal pancreatic homogenates. (tudelft.nl)
- Similar immunohistochemical staining (CDX2+, CK7+ and β-catenin-) with urachal adenocarcinoma. (auanet.org)
- Those arising from the urachus ( urachal adenocarcinoma , ~1/3), and those arising from the bladder itself (~2/3) (image A) . (auanet.org)
- Patient underwent upper endoscopy, which showed a duodenal mass that was biopsied which also reported poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. (hindawi.com)
- More encouraging is the increase in understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, genetics, and epidemiology in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, along with the results of translational research. (mskcc.org)
- We used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database of the National Cancer Institute to identify all patients who were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma between 1973 and 2006. (aacrjournals.org)
- Adenocarcinoma can occur in some higher mammals, including humans. (news-medical.net)
- Recent high-throughput sequencing efforts have shown that the majority of somatic point mutations in primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma are missense mutations and that most occur at low frequency ( 5 ). (pnas.org)
- There are two types of adenocarcinoma that occur in the lung: adenocarcinoma of the bronchus and bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma . (freemd.com)
- Other morphologies include signet ring cell , which can diffusely spread into the bladder, and adenocarcinoma, not otherwise classifiable , or a mixed of these different patterns. (auanet.org)
- bcl-2 and p53 in endometrial adenocarcinoma. (nih.gov)
- Common symptoms and signs of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma include difficulty or pain with swallowing and unintentional weight loss . (medicinenet.com)
- There is no known way to prevent gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, but it is possible to minimize certain risk factors. (medicinenet.com)
- This type of cancer is still know as adenocarcinoma lung cancer, because the classification of the cancer is determined by the point of origin. (wisegeek.com)
- Classification of normal colorectal mucosa and adenocarcinoma by morphometry. (biomedsearch.com)
- An adenocarcinoma that forms in the lining of the lungs, causing lung cancer , may metastasize itself to the cells in the person's bones. (wisegeek.com)
- The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the lung is increasing in the United States, however, the difficulties in obtaining lung cancer families and representative samples of early to late stages of the disease have lead to the intense study of mouse models for lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
- Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Incidence: Are We Reaching the Peak? (aacrjournals.org)
- A steep increase in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been observed between 1973 and 2001, but recent trends have not been reported. (aacrjournals.org)
- Our aim was to examine recent trends in esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence. (aacrjournals.org)
- Incidence trends were analyzed for esophageal adenocarcinoma overall and by stage using joinpoint regression. (aacrjournals.org)
- Overall esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence increased from 3.6 per million in 1973 to 25.6 per million in 2006. (aacrjournals.org)
- Stage-specific trend analyses suggest that the change in overall esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence largely reflects a plateau in the incidence of early stage disease. (aacrjournals.org)
- The incidence of early stage esophageal adenocarcinoma seems to have plateaued. (aacrjournals.org)
- Despite the prevalence and significant morbidity resulting from estrogen receptor positive (ER + ) breast adenocarcinomas, there are only a few models of this cancer subtype available for drug development and arguably none for studying etiology. (osti.gov)
- In conclusion, this model is appropriate for studies of the etiology of ovarian hormone independent adenocarcinomas, for identification of therapeutic targets, predictive testing, and drug development. (osti.gov)
- Our results suggest that, overall, workplace exposures play a minor role in the etiology and upward trend of esophageal and gastric cardia adenocarcinomas. (biomedsearch.com)
- Genetic clonal diversity predicts progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. (nih.gov)
- However, whether WNT5B contributes to the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) remains unclear. (nature.com)
- Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. (avhandlingar.se)
- BackgroundThe overall aim of this thesis was to improve the oncological treatment strategies in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma (EGAC). (avhandlingar.se)
- But small intestine adenocarcinomas are rare, and no effective screening tests have been found for these cancers, so routine testing for people without any symptoms is not recommended. (cancer.org)
- In adenocarcinoma of the prostate, the symptoms may vary depending upon the presence, extent, and location of metastasis to other parts of the body. (petmd.com)
- Identifying the symptoms and signs of Nasal Adenocarcinoma in dogs is the first step to knowing if your dog requires medical attention. (petwave.com)
- What are the symptoms of adenocarcinoma of the bronchus? (freemd.com)
- Common symptoms of adenocarcinoma of the bronchus include cough , coughing up blood , and wheezing . (freemd.com)
- What are the risks factors for developing adenocarcinoma in ulcerative colitis (UC)? (medscape.com)
- Discriminant analysis was conducted between histologically normal mucosa (n = 10) and adenocarcinoma in ulcerative colitis (n = 20). (biomedsearch.com)
- Treated by en bloc resection of bladder, urachal remnant, and umbilicus. (auanet.org)
- The prognosis for cats with adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract is usually poor. (petmd.com)
- Immunohistochemical stains showed that the cells were positive for CK7 and CK20, monoclonal antibodies for labeling epithelium of gastrointestinal tract, especially adenocarcinoma. (isciii.es)
- To be classified as adenocarcinoma, the cells do not necessarily need to be part of a gland, as long as they have secretory properties. (wikipedia.org)
- Adenocarcinoma cells do not necessarily need to be part of a gland but may possess secretory properties. (news-medical.net)
- Sometimes adenomas transform into adenocarcinomas, but most do not. (wikipedia.org)
- The gastroenterologist uses a colonoscopy to find and remove these adenomas and polyps to prevent them from continuing to acquire genetic changes that will lead to an invasive adenocarcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
- Gefitinib is superior to carboplatin-paclitaxel as an initial treatment for pulmonary adenocarcinoma among nonsmokers or former light smokers in East Asia. (nih.gov)
- Anal adenocarcinoma is considered more aggressive than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Anal adenocarcinoma occurrence in children is very rare. (hindawi.com)
- Anal adenocarcinoma occurrence in a 12-year-old child is extremely rare. (hindawi.com)
- On the basis of these findings, about half of the four-fold increased occurrence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Western countries could be the result of the "prominent decline of H. pylori colonization in the past few decades," the investigators wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
- Here, we reported a case of 58-year-old woman with concomitant occurrence of SN and lung adenocarcinoma. (scirp.org)
- R. Morita, N. Oiso and A. Kawada, "Concomitant Occurrence of Segmental Neurofibromatosis and Lung Adenocarcinoma," Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications , Vol. 2 No. 4, 2012, pp. 265-266. (scirp.org)
- The pathology of the polyp was reported as adenocarcinoma in situ. (springer.com)
- His pathology was a stage 3 adenocarcinoma at that time. (sages.org)
- Although it is well known that BRCA and PALB2 gene mutations are associated with a heightened risk of breast and ovarian cancers , it is less well known that these mutations are also associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. (mskcc.org)