Adaptor Protein Complex Subunits

Adaptor Protein Complex 3

Adaptor Protein Complex 1

Adaptor Protein Complex 2

Adaptor Protein Complex 4

Adaptor Protein Complex delta Subunits

Adaptor Protein Complex mu Subunits

Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport

Adaptor Protein Complex gamma Subunits

Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits

Adaptor Protein Complex alpha Subunits

Protein Subunits

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing

Clathrin

Multiprotein Complexes

Protein Binding

Human Characteristics

Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Proteins

List of adaptins

AP4M1

AP2A2

AP3B1

PIK3R4

X-linked intellectual disability

AP3S2

AP3B2

AP1M1

AP2B1

AP2M1

AP1B1

AP4B1

AP1G2

AP1S1

AP3D1

AP3S1

AP1M2

AP3M1

AP1S2

CCDC47

NKG2D

AP1G1

Chromatin remodeling

Sec61 alpha 1

EPN2

Ribosome biogenesis

Synergin gamma

AP2S1

AP5S1

ABL (gene)

SF3B1

Trimeric autotransporter adhesin

EXOC3

MYD88

COG7

FCER1A

ATP5S

N-end rule

Adapter molecule crk

INPP5D

Pattern recognition receptor

DDB1

SNX8

Cav1.2

Non-catalytic tyrosine-phosphorylated receptor

PTK2

NEDD9

GAB2

Innate immune system

Focal adhesion

SCF complex

Insulin receptor

DAP3

Valosin-containing protein

FLNA

MAP1LC3B

G beta-gamma complex

Belongs to the adaptor complexes2

• The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma-adaptin protein and it belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunits family. (nih.gov)
• This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric adaptor-related protein comlex 3 (AP-3), which belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. (nih.gov)

Substrate adaptor3

• CUL3-BTB E3 ligases are important regulators of development and frequently mutated in human diseases CUL3 BTB E3 ligases are multi-subunit E3s that consist of a stable catalytic core given by CUL3 and RBX1 and one of ~90 human interchangeable BTB proteins that serve as substrate adaptor. (nih.gov)
• To this end, we aim to develop chaperonin-inspired therapeutics and/or substrate adaptor molecules, to prevent aggregation and/or refold proteins responsible for misfolded- protein diseases. (nih.gov)
• Nrf2 is negatively regulated by Keap1, a substrate adaptor protein for the Cullin3 (Cul3)-containing E3-ligase complex, which targets Nrf2 for ubiquitination and degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). (nih.gov)

Genes7

• The physiological importance of these interactions is underscored by the observation that AAGAB-knockout cells exhibit reduced levels of AP-4 subunits and accumulation of ATG9A at the TGN like those in cells with mutations in AP-4-subunit genes. (nih.gov)
• The names of the genes that provide instructions for each subunit are given in parentheses. (nih.gov)
• Mutations in the genes that provide instructions for any of the subunits-ε, β4, μ4, and σ4-cause a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia called AP-4-deficiency syndrome. (nih.gov)
• The other 7 HPS genes code for proteins that combine in Biogenesis of Lysosome-related Organelles Complexes (HPS7 and HPS8 in BLOC1-1, HPS3, HPS5, and HPS6 in BLOC-2, and HPS1 and HPS4 in Bloc-3). (nih.gov)
• 661 genes in signature reported in the publication with PubMedID ChIP_K27me3_17603471_mouseNPC from the ESCAPE Omics Signatures of Genes and Proteins for Stem Cells dataset. (maayanlab.cloud)
• The genes encoding SWIRM domain proteins in Oryza sativa are widely expressed, especially in pistils. (hindawi.com)
• The genes were identified from this enormous amount of data using complex prediction models and then they were numbered for easy identification. (wordpress.com)

Clathrin adaptors1

• Coatomer consists of two subcomplexes: the membrane-targeting, ADP ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1):GTP-binding βγδζ-COP F-subcomplex, which is related to the adaptor protein (AP) clathrin adaptors, and the cargo-binding αβ'ϵ-COP B-subcomplex. (princeton.edu)

Sigma2

• The key to the identification of this complex was the cloning and sequencing of two widely expressed, mammalian cDNAs encoding new homologs of the adaptor beta and sigma subunits named beta4 and sigma4, respectively. (nih.gov)
• Mutations in the gene encoding the Sigma 2 subunit of the adaptor protein 1 complex, AP1S2, cause X-linked mental retardation. (nature.com)

Mutations6

• AP-4 has received particular attention in recent years because mutations in any of its subunits cause a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia referred to as "AP-4-deficiency syndrome. (nih.gov)
• Autosomal-Recessive Mutations in AP3B2, Adaptor-Related Protein Complex 3 Beta 2 Subunit, Cause an Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy with Optic Atrophy. (bvsalud.org)
• Mutations in the UPF3B gene, which encodes a protein involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, have recently been described in four families with specific (Lujan-Fryns and FG syndromes), nonspecific X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) and autism. (nature.com)
• Our results demonstrate that in addition to Lujan-Fryns and FG syndromes, UPF3B protein truncation mutations can cause also nonspecific XLMR. (nature.com)
• Dysregulation of or mutations in many of these CUL3-BTB complexes lead to human diseases (Figure 3, Asmar et al, ECR, 2020 ) and we are eager to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of how this occurs. (nih.gov)
• Mutations in other populations result in the production of an abnormally short, nonfunctional version of the protein or prevent the protein from reaching the cell surface. (medlineplus.gov)

Vesicle coat2

• The encoded subunit binds clathrin and is phosphorylated by a casein kinase-like protein, which mediates synaptic vesicle coat assembly. (nih.gov)
• Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components involved both in vesicle formation and cargo selection. (radiopaedia.ir)

Vesicular transport1

• They control the vesicular transport of proteins in different trafficking pathways (PubMed: 10066790, PubMed: 10436028). (radiopaedia.ir)

Heterotetrameric complex2

• Adaptor protein 4 (AP-4) is a heterotetrameric complex composed of ε, β4, μ4, and σ4 subunits that mediates export of a subset of transmembrane cargos, including autophagy protein 9A (ATG9A), from the trans -Golgi network (TGN). (nih.gov)
• Adaptins, together with medium and small subunits, form a heterotetrameric complex called an adaptor, whose role is to promote the formation of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. (nih.gov)

Transmembrane1

• We investigate the molecular mechanisms by which transmembrane proteins (referred to as cargo) are sorted to different compartments of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)

Lysosomes5

• Protein complexes associated with HPS, including AP-3, BLOC-1, BLOC-2 and BLOC-3, and a Rab32/38 guanine nucleotide exchange factor comprised of HPS1 and HPS4 protein subunits, are involved in the formation of melanosomes, platelet δ-granules, lamellar bodies and lysosomes. (ersjournals.com)
• Since the early 1990s, Dr. Bonifacino's group has conducted research on signals and adaptor proteins that mediate protein sorting to endosomes and lysosomes. (nih.gov)
• This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. (utsouthwestern.edu)
• Adaptins are important components of clathrin-coated vesicles transporting ligand-receptor complexes from the plasma membrane or from the trans-Golgi network to lysosomes. (nih.gov)
• The AP-3 complex plays a role in protein trafficking to lysosomes and specialized organelles. (nih.gov)

Mediate3

• Here we report the identification and characterization of AP-4, a novel protein complex related to the heterotetrameric AP-1, AP-2, and AP-3 adaptors that mediate protein sorting in the endocytic and late secretory pathways. (nih.gov)
• Work in our laboratory focuses on the molecular machineries that mediate these processes, including (1) sorting signals and adaptor proteins that select cargo proteins for packaging into the transport carriers, (2) microtubule motors that drive movement of the transport carriers and other organelles through the cytoplasm, and (3) tethering factors that promote fusion of the transport carriers to acceptor compartments. (nih.gov)
• Such subunits are characterized by specific structural frames that mediate protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. (hindawi.com)

Homologs2

• Gel filtration, sedimentation velocity, and immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that beta4 is a component of a multisubunit complex (AP-4) that also contains the sigma4 polypeptide and two additional adaptor subunit homologs named mu4 (mu-ARP2) and epsilon. (nih.gov)
• Ada2-types SWIRM domain-containing proteins are homologs of transcriptional adaptor ADA2a, which promotes histone lysine acetylation and transcriptional activation and acts as a molecular scaffold within the SAGA remodeling complex [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

Gamma-adaptin-binding2

• Here, we report that the alpha- and gamma-adaptin-binding protein (AAGAB, also known as p34) binds to and stabilizes the AP-4 ε and σ4 subunits, thus promoting complex assembly. (nih.gov)
• New work by the Bonifacino Lab shows that alpha- and gamma-adaptin-binding protein (AAGAB) binds to and stabilizes the AP-4 ε and σ4 subunits , promoting assembly of the complex. (nih.gov)

Binds3

• 15. Geraniin extracted from the rind of Nephelium lappaceum binds to dengue virus type-2 envelope protein and inhibits early stage of virus replication. (nih.gov)
• The motif binds at a site distinct from that used by the homologous AP μ subunits to bind YxxΦ cargo motifs with its two tryptophan residues sitting in compatible pockets. (princeton.edu)
• The synaptic membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffold protein membrane protein palmitoylated 2 (MPP2) is a component of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-associated protein complexes and also binds to the synaptic cell adhesion molecule SynCAM 1. (fu-berlin.de)

Biogenesis2

• Relationships of protein complexes involved in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), biogenesis of intracellular organelles and clinical manifestations of disease. (ersjournals.com)
• BLOC: biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex. (ersjournals.com)

Isoform9

• The only isoform for the δ subunit of the AP-3 complex is encoded by AP3D1. (bvsalud.org)
• 0 73.9 73.9 1% 8e-13 72.00 194 XP_024590985.1 arrestin domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [Phocoena sinus] 0 77.8 77.8 1% 1e-12 69.81 455 XP_032482905.1 uncharacterized protein LOC112393140 isoform X1 [Neophocaena. (nih.gov)
• 0 72.0 72.0 1% 4e-11 70.00 331 XP_032502770.1 protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase TIPARP isoform X1 [Phocoen. (nih.gov)
• 1706337 71.2 71.2 1% 7e-11 70.00 331 XP_024588942.1 diphthine methyltransferase isoform X2 [Phocoena sinus] Phocoena sinus vaquita 42100 70.5 70.5 1% 9e-11 72.92 309 XP_032489869.1 calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2. (nih.gov)
• narwhal 40151 67.4 67.4 1% 3e-09 73.81 610 XP_029088883.1 target of rapamycin complex 2 subunit MAPKAP1 isoform X3. (nih.gov)
• 0 66.6 66.6 1% 4e-09 68.75 425 XP_032490454.1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF125 isoform X2 [Delphinapterus. (nih.gov)
• beluga whale 9749 63.9 63.9 1% 5e-09 68.75 238 XP_022442616.1 breast cancer metastasis-suppressor 1-like protein isoform X1. (nih.gov)
• Phocoena sinus vaquita 42100 65.5 65.5 1% 6e-09 71.43 378 XP_032480351.1 WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 isoform X4. (nih.gov)
• 0 65.1 65.1 1% 8e-09 76.19 369 XP_032466749.1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF125 isoform X1 [Delphinapterus. (nih.gov)

Receptor1

• In order to explore MPP2-associated protein complexes, we used a quantitative comparative proteomics approach and identified multiple γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subunits among novel synaptic MPP2 interactors. (fu-berlin.de)

Molecules2

• The adaptin family of proteins is composed of four classes of molecules named alpha, beta-, beta prime- and gamma- adaptins. (nih.gov)
• An adaptor protein complex involved in transport of molecules between the TRANS-GOLGI NETWORK and the endosomal-lysosomal system. (harvard.edu)

Kinase2

• The cargo adaptor protein CLINT1 is phosphorylated by the Numb-associated kinase BIKE and mediates dengue virus infection. (stanford.edu)
• The TYROBP gene (also known as the DAP12 gene) provides instructions for making a protein called the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein. (medlineplus.gov)

Catalytic1

• These changes in chromatin involve activities of many chromatin-modifying complexes, consisting of both catalytic and noncatalytic subunits [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Cargo2

• The identification of proteins that interact with AP-4 has shed light on the mechanisms of AP-4-dependent cargo sorting and distribution within the cell. (nih.gov)
• We found that CLINT1, a cargo-specific adaptor implicated in bidirectional Golgi-to-endosome trafficking, emerged as a predominant hit in both screens. (stanford.edu)

Homologous1

• Swi3p-type SWIRM domain-containing proteins are homologous to the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes SWI/SNF. (hindawi.com)

Formation of clathrin-coated1

• From NCBI Gene: Adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3 complex) is a heterotrimeric protein complex involved in the formation of clathrin-coated synaptic vesicles. (nih.gov)

Trans -Golgi2

• Immunofluorescence analyses showed that AP-4 is associated with the trans-Golgi network or an adjacent structure and that this association is sensitive to the drug brefeldin A. We propose that, like the related AP-1, AP-2, and AP-3 complexes, AP-4 plays a role in signal-mediated trafficking of integral membrane proteins in mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
• This protein along with the complex is thought to function at some trafficking step in the complex pathways between the trans-Golgi network and the cell surface. (nih.gov)

Findings4

• These findings demonstrate that AP-4 assembly is not spontaneous but AAGAB-assisted, further contributing to the understanding of an adaptor protein complex that is critically involved in development of the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
• By demonstrating that AP-4 assembly is not spontaneous but rather depends on AAGAB, the findings advance understanding of an adaptor protein complex that is critically involved in development of the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
• The structural basis for CCT subunit containing complexes is yet to be defined, but early findings in native gels suggest that complexes are quite large and possibly contain several subunits. (nih.gov)
• Systematic Analysis of Brain MRI Findings in Adaptor Protein Complex 4-Associated Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. (harvard.edu)

Target proteins2

• To orchestrate these decisions, stem cells make frequent use of ubiquitylation, an essential post-translational modification that alters the stability, activity, localization, or interaction landscape of target proteins (Figure 2). (nih.gov)
• Most approved antiviral therapeutics target proteins encoded by a single virus, providing a narrow spectrum of coverage. (stanford.edu)

CUL34

• In particular, projects in our lab center around CUL3-based E3 ligases, a large family of multi-subunit E3s that uses one of ~90 BTB proteins as substrate adaptors. (nih.gov)
• One specific E3 ligase complex we are currently studying is CUL3-KBTBD8, which regulates signaling pathways that promote neural crest specification ( Werner et al, Nature 2015 , Werner et al, Elife 2018 ) and when dysregulated results in the craniofacial development disease Treacher Collins Syndrome. (nih.gov)
• Many of these BTB proteins as well as CUL3 itself are mutated in diverse human diseases. (nih.gov)
• In this review, we will discuss the regulation of each CRL using the Cul3-Keap1-E3 ligase complex as the primary focus. (nih.gov)

Neuronal1

• The neuronal localization pattern of the UPF3B protein and its function in mRNA surveillance suggests a potential function in the regulation of the expression and degradation of various mRNAs present at the synapse. (nature.com)

Coat1

• 19. Coat protein complex I facilitates dengue virus production. (nih.gov)

Interacts2

• The encoded protein is part of the heterotetrameric AP-3 protein complex which interacts with the scaffolding protein clathrin. (utsouthwestern.edu)
• The TYROBP protein interacts with several other proteins on the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Multisubunit1

• SWIRM domain-containing proteins make up large multisubunit complexes by interacting with other chromatin modification factors and may have an important function in plants. (hindawi.com)

AP3B12

• AP3B1, codes for a protein of known function. (nih.gov)
• The AP3B1 gene encodes the ≤3A subunit of Adaptor Protein complex-3, or AP-3. (nih.gov)

Interactions4

• Brown PH, Balbo A, and Schuck P. Characterizing protein-protein interactions by sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation. (nih.gov)
• Balbo A, Brown PH, Braswell EH, and Schuck P. Measuring protein-protein interactions by equilibrium sedimentation. (nih.gov)
• In Protein-ligand Interactions: hydrodynamics and calorimetry, pp. 287-318. (nih.gov)
• Chromodomains were commonly found in proteins associated with the remodeling and manipulation of chromatin, mediating specific interactions with proteins and RNA by recognizing lysine methylation in histone tails [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Mammalian1

• We subsequently validated 19 of 47 putative BIKE interactors using mammalian cell-based protein-protein interaction assays. (stanford.edu)

Cellular2

• Here, we summarize progress and challenges in the development of broad-spectrum antivirals that target either viral elements (proteins, genome structures, and lipid envelopes) or cellular proviral factors co-opted by multiple viruses via newly discovered compounds or repurposing of approved drugs. (stanford.edu)
• In the case of HD , we will use the eukaryotic chaperonin and/or engineered chaperonin-derivatives to prevent the cellular toxicity associated with protein aggregation. (nih.gov)

Missense1

• We did not detect any obvious difference in the localization between the wild-type UPF3B and the proteins carrying the two missense changes identified. (nature.com)

Variants2

• In Arabidopsis, there are four variants of Swi3-type proteins. (hindawi.com)
• Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. (nih.gov)

Chromosomal2

• SWIRM (Swi3p, Rsc8p, and Moira) domain is an alpha-helical domain of about 85 residues in chromosomal proteins. (hindawi.com)
• At present, some of these conserved chromosomal protein modules are well studied, such as the bromodomain, the chromodomain, and the SANT domain. (hindawi.com)

Regulates1

• The signaling adapter protein DAP12 regulates multinucleation during osteoclast development. (medlineplus.gov)

Homolog2

• We also show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arf GTPase-activating protein (GAP) homolog Gcs1p uses a related WxxF motif at its extreme C terminus to bind to δ-COP at the same site in the same way. (princeton.edu)
• 0 71.2 71.2 1% 9e-11 72.92 372 XP_029068147.1 coenzyme Q-binding protein COQ10 homolog B, mitochondrial. (nih.gov)

Plasma1

• Approximately 30% of total plasma magnesium is protein-bound and approximately 70% is filterable through artificial membranes (15% complexed, 55% free Mg 2+ ions). (medscape.com)

AP3B21

• AP3B2 encodes the neuron -specific subunit of the AP-3 complex. (bvsalud.org)

Histone1

• SANT domains tether to both DNA and proteins and are essential for histone acetyltransferase activity [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Synaptic1

• We further show that GABAA receptors are found together with MPP2 in a subset of dendritic spines and thus highlight MPP2 as a scaffold that serves as an adaptor molecule, linking peripheral synaptic elements critical for inhibitory regulation to central structures at the PSD of glutamatergic synapses. (fu-berlin.de)

Beta1

• The protein encoded by this gene represents the beta subunit of the neuron-specific AP-3 complex and was first identified as the target antigen in human paraneoplastic neurologic disorders. (nih.gov)

Endosomes1

• May function in protein sorting in late endosomes or multivesucular bodies (MVBs). (nih.gov)

Folding-defective1

• in contrast, VHL Disease arises from the loss-of-function of a folding-defective mutant protein. (nih.gov)

Ubiquitous1

• AP-3: an adaptor-like protein complex with ubiquitous expression. (nih.gov)

Scaffold1

• Recent advances in imaging technology have highlighted that scaffold proteins and receptors are arranged in subsynaptic nanodomains. (fu-berlin.de)

Mesh1

• Adaptor Protein Complex 4" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

Mutation3

• T mutation resulted in UPF3B mRNA degradation and consequent absence of the UPF3B protein. (nature.com)
• We investigated the mitochondrial import of nuclear-encoded proteins in these fibroblasts and in another cell model carrying a SPART loss-of-function mutation. (bvsalud.org)
• This mutation deletes a significant portion of the TYROBP gene, which prevents the cell from producing any protein from this gene. (medlineplus.gov)

Large2

• The subunits that make up the large, medium and small chains of adaptor proteins. (nih.gov)
• Simplified schematic of protein ubiquitylation a) In large part, the specificity of ubiquitylation is mediated by ~600 human ubiquitin E3 ligases, which interact with substrates and ubiquitin-loaded E2 enzymes to catalyze the transfer of ubiquitin to substrates. (nih.gov)

Physiological1

• Recent studies indicate that plant SWIRM domain-containing proteins function in various plant physiological and developmental processes. (hindawi.com)

Inhibitory1

• 10. Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Induces Vascular Leakage through Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Autophagy. (nih.gov)

Mitochondrial2

• Herein, we report the identification of a role of Spartin in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. (bvsalud.org)
• In both cell models the mitochondrial import was impaired, leading to a significant decrease in different proteins, including two key enzymes involved in CoQ10 (CoQ) synthesis, COQ7 and COQ9, with a severe reduction in CoQ content, versus control cells. (bvsalud.org)

Component1

• Gene Function in summary: Component of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4). (radiopaedia.ir)