Rimantadine
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
Viral Matrix Proteins
Drug Resistance, Viral
Antiviral Agents
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Influenza, Human
Encyclopedias as Topic
Crystallization
Volatilization
X-Ray Diffraction
The scattering of x-rays by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. Analysis of the crystal structure of materials is performed by passing x-rays through them and registering the diffraction image of the rays (CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY). (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Nanotechnology
Petroleum
Isomerism
Newspapers
Journalism, Medical
Research Report
Nanoparticles
Drug Carriers
Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.
Abstracting and Indexing as Topic
Albumins
Data Mining
Serum Albumin
Nanodiamonds
Diamond
Chemistry, Physical
Physicochemical Phenomena
Physics
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
Influenza A virus
The type species of the genus INFLUENZAVIRUS A that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces.
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
Influenza Vaccines
Vaccines used to prevent infection by viruses in the family ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE. It includes both killed and attenuated vaccines. The composition of the vaccines is changed each year in response to antigenic shifts and changes in prevalence of influenza virus strains. The vaccine is usually bivalent or trivalent, containing one or two INFLUENZAVIRUS A strains and one INFLUENZAVIRUS B strain.
Disease Outbreaks
Identification of selective mechanism-based inactivators of cytochromes P-450 2B4 and 2B5, and determination of the molecular basis for differential susceptibility. (1/428)
Rabbit cytochromes P-450 (P-450) 2B4 and 2B5 differ by only 12 amino acid residues yet they exhibit unique steroid hydroxylation profiles. Previous studies have led to the identification of active site residues that are determinants of these specificities. In this study, mechanism-based inactivators were identified that discriminate between the closely related 2B4 and 2B5 enzymes. A previously characterized inhibitor, 2-ethynylnaphthalene (2EN), was found to be selective for 2B4 inactivation. As inhibitor metabolism and the partition ratio affect susceptibility, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to assess the stability of the productive binding orientation of 2EN within 2B4 and 2B5 three-dimensional models. Although 2EN was stable within the 2B4 model, it exhibited substantial movement away from the heme moiety in the 2B5 model. However, heterologously expressed 2B5 was found to catalyze the oxidation of 2EN to the stable product 2-naphthylacetic acid. Thus, the increased mobility of 2EN may result in reduced susceptibility of 2B5 by increasing the probability that the reactive ketene intermediate hydrolyzes with water instead of reacting with active site residues. Another compound, 1-adamantyl propargyl ether (1APE), selectively inactivated 2B5. The structural basis for 2EN and 1APE susceptibility was assessed using active site mutants. Interconversion of 2EN susceptibility was observed for 2B4 or 2B5 mutants containing a single alteration at residue 363. Single substitutions in 2B4 also conferred susceptibility to 1APE; however, multiple alterations were required to reduce the susceptibility of 2B5. These alterations may influence inhibitor susceptibility by affecting the stability of the productive binding orientation. (+info)Guest exchange in an encapsulation complex: a supramolecular substitution reaction. (2/428)
Encapsulation complexes are reversibly formed assemblies in which small molecule guests are completely surrounded by large molecule hosts. The assemblies are held together by weak intermolecular forces and are dynamic: they form and dissipate on time scales ranging from milliseconds to days-long enough for many interactions, even reactions, to take place within them. Little information is available on the exchange process, how guests get in and out of these complexes. Here we report that these events can be slow enough for conventional kinetic studies, and reactive intermediates can be detected. Guest exchange has much in common with familiar chemical substitution reactions, but differs in some respects: no covalent bonds are made or broken, the substrate is an assembly rather than a single molecule, and at least four molecules are involved in multiple rate-determining steps. (+info)Eukaliuric diuresis and natriuresis in response to the KATP channel blocker U37883A: micropuncture studies on the tubular site of action. (3/428)
1. Systemic application of U37883A, a blocker of ATP sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, elicits diuresis and natriuresis without significantly altering urinary potassium excretion. 2. To elucidate tubular sites of action upstream to the distal nephron, micropuncture experiments were performed in nephrons with superficial glomeruli of anaesthetized Munich-Wistar-Fromter rats during systemic application of U37883A (1, 5 or 15 mg kg-1 i.v.). 3. The observed eukaliuric diuresis and natriuresis in response to U37883A at 15 mg kg-1 was accompanied by an increase in early distal tubular flow rate (VED) from 10 - 18 nl min(-1) reflecting a reduction in fractional reabsorption of fluid up to this site (FR-fluid) of 13%. The latter proposed an effect on water-permeable segments such as the proximal tubule which could fully account for the observed reduction in fractional reabsorption of Na+ up to the early distal tubule (FR-Na+) of 8% and the increase in early distal tubular Na+ concentration ([Na+]ED) from 35 - 51 mM whereas [K+]ED was left unaltered. 4. In comparison, furosemide (3 mg kg-1 i.v.), which acts in the water-impermeable thick ascending limb, elicited diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis which were associated with a fall in FR-Na+ of 10% with no change in FR-fluid, and a rise in [Na+]ED from 42 - 117 mM and [K+]ED from 1.2 - 5.7 mM with no change in VED. 5. Direct late proximal tubular fluid collections confirmed a significant inhibition of fluid reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule in response to systemic application of U37883A. 6. These findings suggest that the diuretic and natriuretic effect upstream to the distal tubule in response to systemic application of U37883A involves actions on water-permeable segments such as the proximal convoluted tubule. (+info)Analysis of vasoconstrictor responses to histamine in the hindlimb vascular bed of the rabbit. (4/428)
Hemodynamic responses to histamine were investigated in the anesthetized rabbit. Intravenous injections of histamine induced dose-dependent decreases in systemic arterial pressure that were blocked by the H(1)-receptor antagonist pyrilamine but not the H(2) antagonist cimetidine. Injections of histamine and the H(1) agonist 6-[2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamine]-N-(4-trifuormethylphenyl)-heptan ecardo xamide dimaleate (HTMT) into the hindlimb perfusion circuit increased hindlimb perfusion pressure, whereas the H(2) agonist dimaprit decreased perfusion pressure and the H(3)-receptor agonist R-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine did not alter perfusion pressure. Pyrilamine reduced hindlimb vasoconstrictor responses to histamine and HTMT but did not alter vasodilator responses to dimaprit. Cimetidine reduced the response to dimaprit but did not alter vasoconstrictor responses to histamine or HTMT. The H(3)-receptor antagonist thioperamide was without effect on responses to the histamine agonists. These data suggest the presence of H(1) and H(2) receptors and that histamine for the most part acts by stimulating H(1) receptors to produce vasoconstriction in the hindlimb vascular bed of the rabbit. Responses to histamine, HTMT, and norepinephrine were significantly enhanced by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor at a time when vasodilator responses to dimaprit were unaltered and responses to acetylcholine were significantly reduced. Responses to histamine and the H(1) and H(2) agonists were not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meclofenamate or by ATP-sensitive K(+) channel, alpha-adrenergic, or angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonists. The present data suggest that H(1) receptors mediate both systemic vasodepressor and hindlimb vasoconstrictor responses to histamine. (+info)Block of human aorta Kir6.1 by the vascular KATP channel inhibitor U37883A. (5/428)
1. A human aorta cDNA library was screened at low stringency with a rat pancreatic Kir6.1 cDNA probe and a homologue of Kir6.1 (hKir6.1) was isolated and sequenced. 2. Metabolic poisoning of Xenopus laevis oocytes with sodium azide and application of the K+ channel opener drug diazoxide induced K+ channel currents in oocytes co-injected with cRNA for hKir6.1 and hamster sulphonylurea receptor (SUR1), but not in oocytes injected with water or cRNA for hKir6.1 or SUR1 alone. 3. K+ channel currents due to hKir6.1+SUR1 or mouse Kir6.2+SUR1 were strongly inhibited by 1 microM glibenclamide. K+-current carried by hKir6.1+SUR1 was inhibited by the putative vascular-selective KATP channel inhibitor U37883A (IC50 32 microM) whereas current carried by Kir6.2+SUR1 or Shaker K+ channels was unaffected. 4. The data support the hypothesis that hKir6.1 is a component of the vascular KATP channel, although the lower sensitivity of hKir6.1+SUR1 to U37883A compared with native vascular tissues suggests the need for another factor or subunit. Furthermore, the data suggest that pharmacology of KATP channels can be determined by the pore-forming subunit as well as the sulphonylurea receptor and point to a molecular basis for the pharmacological distinction between vascular and pancreatic/cardiac KATP channels. (+info)Inhibition of vascular K(ATP) channels by U-37883A: a comparison with cardiac and skeletal muscle. (6/428)
1 The aim of this study was to investigate the selectivity of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel inhibitor U-37883A (4-morpholinecarboximidine-N-1-adamantyl-N'-1-cyclohexyl). Membrane currents through K(ATP) channels were recorded in single muscle cells enzymatically isolated from rat mesenteric artery, cardiac ventricle and skeletal muscle (flexor digitorum brevis). K(ATP) currents were induced either by cell dialysis with 0.1 mM ATP and 0.1 mM ADP, or by application of synthetic potassium channel openers (levcromakalim or pinacidil). 2 U-37883A inhibited K(ATP) currents in smooth muscle cells from rat mesenteric artery. Half inhibition of 10 microM levcromakalim-induced currents occurred at a concentration of 3.5 microM. 3 Relaxations of rat mesenteric vessels caused by levcromakalim were reversed by U-37883A. 1 microM levcromakalim-induced relaxations were inhibited at a similar concentration of U-37883A (half inhibition, 1.1 microM) to levcromakalim-induced KATP currents. 4 K(ATP) currents activated by 100 microM pinacidil were also studied in single myocytes from rat mesenteric artery, skeletal muscle and cardiac ventricle. 10 microM U-37883A substantially inhibited K(ATP) currents in vascular cells, but had little effect in skeletal or cardiac myocytes. Higher concentrations of U-37883A (100 microM) caused a modest decrease in K(ATP) currents in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The sulphonylurea K(ATP) channel antagonist glibenclamide (10 microM) abolished currents in all muscle types. 5 The effect of U-37883A on vascular inward rectifier (KIR) and voltage-dependent potassium (KV) currents was also examined. While 10 microM U-37883A had little effect on these currents, some inhibition was apparent at higher concentrations (100 microM) of the compound. 6 We conclude that U-37883A inhibits K(ATP) channels in arterial smooth muscle more effectively than in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, this compound is selective for K(ATP) channels over KV and KIR channels in smooth muscle cells. (+info)Early increases in renal kallikrein secretion on administration of potassium or ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockers in rats. (7/428)
1 This study aimed to examine whether administration of potassium or ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) blockers caused early increases in renal kallikrein (KK) secretion. To clarify this mechanism, the effect on renal KK secretion of a KATP channel blocker was compared with the effect resulting from use of an osmotic diuretic or volume load. Furthermore, the effect on potassium-induced increases in renal KK secretion by an additional treatment using a KATP channel blocker was examined. Lastly, the effect of a KATP channel blocker on renal KK secretion was also examined in superfused slices of kidney cortex. 2 Intravenous infusion of potassium augmented renal KK secretion within 30 min while urine volume increased gradually in both the potassium loading and control groups. 3 Administration of the KATP channel blocker, 4-morpholinecarboximidine-N-1-adamantyl-N'-cyclohexylhydr ochloride (PNU-37883A) or glibenclamide, caused a dose-dependent increase in renal KK secretion. 4 The concentration of KK in urine was higher in the PNU-37883A group as compared to the osmotic-diuretic or volume-load group. 5 PNU-37883A had no additive effect on the potassium-induced increase in renal KK secretion. 6 Renal KK secretion increased in slices of kidney cortex incubated with PNU-37883A within 10 min of superfusion. 7 In conclusion, administration of both potassium and KATP channel blockers induced early increases in renal KK secretion in the absence of the washout phenomenon. Potassium loading may have increased renal KK secretion through the same mechanism as the KATP channel blocker. (+info)Effects of the bcr/abl kinase inhibitors AG957 and NSC 680410 on chronic myelogenous leukemia cells in vitro. (8/428)
The tyrphostin AG957 (NSC 654705) inhibits p210bcr/abl, the transforming kinase responsible for most cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The present studies were performed to determine the fate of AG957-treated cells and assess the selectivity of AG957 for CML myeloid progenitors. When K562 cells (derived from a patient with blast crisis CML) were treated with AG957, dose- and time-dependent p210bc/abl down-regulation was followed by mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and apoptotic morphological changes. These apoptotic changes were inhibited by transfection with cDNA encoding dominant negative caspase-9 but not dominant-negative FADD or blocking anti-Fas antibodies. In additional experiments, a 24-h AG957 exposure caused dose-dependent inhibition of K562 colony formation in soft agar. To extend these studies to clinical samples of CML, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 chronic phase CML patients and normal controls were assayed for the growth of hematopoietic colonies in vitro in the presence of increasing concentrations of AG957. These assays demonstrated selectivity of AG957 for CML progenitors, with median IC50s (CML versus normal) of 7.3 versus >20 microM AG957 in granulocyte colony-forming cells (P < 0.001), 5.3 versus >20 microM in granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (P < 0.05), and 15.5 versus > 20 microM in erythroid colony-forming cells (P > 0.05). The adamantyl ester of AG957 (NSC 680410) down-regulated p210bcr/abl in K562 cells and inhibited granulocyte colony formation in CML specimens at lower concentrations without enhanced toxicity in normal progenitors. These observations not only demonstrate that AG957-induced p210bcr/abl down-regulation is followed by activation of the cytochrome c/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway but also indicate that this class of kinase inhibitor exhibits selectivity worthy of further evaluation. (+info)
Adamantane - Wikipedia
Molecular evaluation of M2 protein of Iranian avian influenza viruses of H9N2 subtype in order to find mutations of adamantane...
List of Adamantane from different suppliers on Echemi
Specific binding of adamantane drugs and direction of their polar amines in the pore of the influenza M2 transmembrane domain...
Diamondoid - Wikipedia
Diamant - Liquid Adamantane For R&D | Ray Peat Forum
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More data confirm DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (Galvus) offers special advantages for elderly Type 2 diabetes patients -...
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2-methyl-2-adamantyl) prop-2-enoate 249562-06-9 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR Spectrum
1-adamantyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-2-enoate 188739-82-4 H-NMR | C-NMR Spectral Analysis NMR Spectrum
Cost-effectiveness of vildagliptin for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazil: findings and implications<...
Metformin + vildagliptin : usage, side effects, expert advice and metformin + vildagliptin based medicines | 1mg
Comparison of vildagliptin and gliclazide in combination with metformin, in Muslim patients with t2 diabetes mellitus fasting...
Nanotechnology Now - Press Release: Application of Adamantane
Machine Phase: mechanosynthesis with penta-adamantane
Adamantane, 2-(1-piperazinyl)
Synthesis, molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 1,3-bis(1-adamantyl)-2-phenylpropan-1,3-diones
Tolerability and efficacy of glycemic control with saxagliptin in olde | CIA
Drug Interaction Study of Saxagliptin in Combination With Dapagliflozin in Healthy Participants - Study Results -...
Saxagliptin - Wikipedia
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Imaging Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R) Expression Using Iodine-124-Labeled 1-(4-Iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl)guanidine ([ 124 I]IPAG) |...
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Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin as an Add-On Therapy in Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated With Basal...
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Isophthalic acid, 2-adamantyl ethyl ester
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Dicyclopentadiene
Schleyer, Paul von R.; Donaldson, M. M.; Nicholas, R. D.; Cupas, C. (1973). "Adamantane". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume ... On reaction with aluminium chloride at elevated temperature, this C10 hydrocarbon rearranges to adamantane. Dicyclopentadiene ... which undergoes acid-catalyzed rearrangement to adamantane. Merck Index, 11th Edition, 2744 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical ...
Bromantane
Other adamantane antivirals subsequently followed, such as rimantadine (1-(1-aminoethyl)adamantane) and adapromine (1-(1- ... Bromantane is an adamantane derivative. It is also known as adamantylbromphenylamine, from which its name was derived. In the ... Bromantane, sold under the brand name Ladasten, is an atypical psychostimulant and anxiolytic drug of the adamantane family ... Morozov, I. S.; Ivanova, I. A.; Lukicheva, T. A. (2001). "Actoprotector and Adaptogen Properties of Adamantane Derivatives (A ...
Diamondoid
... s also known as nanodiamonds or condensed adamantanes may include one or more cages (adamantane, diamantane, ... Examples include: Adamantane (C10H16) Iceane (C12H18) BC-8 (C14H20) Diamantane (C14H20) also diadamantane, two face-fused cages ... Adamantane derivatives have been proposed as a functionalizing molecule for enhancing electron-tunneling-based DNA sequencing ... García, J. C.; Justo, J. F.; Machado, W. V. M.; Assali, L. V. C. (2009). "Functionalized adamantane: building blocks for ...
Fenoldopam
... causes arterial/arteriolar vasodilation leading to a decrease in blood pressure by activating peripheral D1 receptors.[5] It decreases afterload and also promotes sodium excretion via specific dopamine receptors along the nephron. The renal effect of fenoldopam and dopamine may involve physiological antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system in the kidney.[6] In contrast to dopamine, fenoldopam is a selective D1 receptor agonist with no effect on beta adrenoceptors, although there is evidence that it may have some alpha-1 [7] and alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.[5] D1 receptor stimulation activates adenylyl cyclase and raises intracellular cyclic AMP, resulting in vasodilation of most arterial beds, including renal, mesenteric, and coronary arteries.[8] to cause a reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Fenoldopam has a rapid onset of action (4 minutes) and short duration of action (, 10 minutes) and a linear dose-response relationship at usual clinical doses.[9] ...
Captodiame
... (INN), also known as captodiamine, is an antihistamine sold under the trade names Covatine, Covatix, and Suvren which is used as a sedative and anxiolytic. The structure is related to diphenhydramine.[1] A 2004 study suggested captodiame may be helpful in preventing benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in people discontinuing benzodiazepine treatment.[1] In addition to its actions as an antihistamine, captodiamine has been found to act as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and σ1 receptor and D3 receptor agonist.[2] It produces antidepressant-like effects in rats.[2] However, captodiamine is unique among antidepressant-like drugs in that it increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hypothalamus but not in the frontal cortex or hippocampus.[2] This unique action may be related to its ability to attenuate stress-induced anhedonia and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the hypothalamus.[2] ...
Domperidone
The hormone prolactin stimulates lactation (production of breast milk). Dopamine, released by the hypothalamus stops the release of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Domperidone, by acting as an anti-dopaminergic agent, results in increased prolactin secretion, and thus promotes lactation (that is, it is a galactogogue). In some nations, including Australia, domperidone is used off-label, based on uncertain and anecdotal evidence of its usefulness, as a therapy for mothers who are having difficulty breastfeeding.[24][25] In the United States, domperidone is not approved for this or any other use.[26][27] A study called the EMPOWER trial was designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of domperidone in assisting mothers of preterm babies to supply breast milk for their infants.[28] The study randomized 90 mothers of preterm babies to receive either domperidone 10 mg orally three times daily for 28 days (Group A) or placebo 10 mg orally three times daily for 14 days followed by domperidone ...
BMY-14802
InChI=1S/C18H22F2N4O/c19-15-5-3-14(4-6-15)17(25)2-1-7-23-8-10-24(11-9-23)18-21-12-16(20)13-22-18/h3-6,12-13,17,25H,1-2,7-11H2 ...
Etilevodopa
Djaldetti Ruth; Giladi Nir; Hassin-Baer Sharon; Shabtai Hertzel; Melamed Eldad (November-December 2003). "Pharmacokinetics of Etilevodopa Compared to Levodopa in Patient's With Parkinson's Disease: An Open-label, Randomized, Crossover Study". Clinical Neuropharmacology. 26 (6): 322-326. doi:10.1097/00002826-200311000-00012. PMID 14646613 ...
WAY-100635
... has also been found to increase the analgesic effects of opioid drugs in a dose-dependent manner, in contrast to 5-HT1A agonists such as 8-OH-DPAT which were found to reduce opioid analgesia.[22][23] However, since 5-HT1A agonists were also found to reduce opioid-induced respiratory depression and WAY-100635 was found to block this effect,[24] it is likely that 5-HT1A antagonists might worsen this side effect of opioids. Paradoxically, chronic administration of the very high efficacy 5-HT1A agonist befiradol results in potent analgesia following an initial period of hyperalgesia, an effect most likely linked to desensitisation and/or downregulation of 5-HT1A receptors (i.e. analogous to a 5-HT1A antagonist-like effect).[25][26][27] As with other 5-HT1A silent antagonists such as UH-301 and robalzotan, WAY 100635 can also induce a head-twitch response in rodents.[28] ...
PD-168,077
Melis MR, Succu S, Sanna F, Melis T, Mascia MS, Enguehard-Gueiffier C, Hubner H, Gmeiner P, Gueiffier A, Argiolas A (October 2006). "PIP3EA and PD-168077, two selective dopamine D4 receptor agonists, induce penile erection in male rats: site and mechanism of action in the brain". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (7): 2021-30. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05043.x. PMID 17067298 ...
Dopamine receptor
The present meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the magnitude of the effects of methylphenidate and amphetamine on cognitive functions central to academic and occupational functioning, including inhibitory control, working memory, short-term episodic memory, and delayed episodic memory. In addition, we examined the evidence for publication bias. Forty-eight studies (total of 1,409 participants) were included in the analyses. We found evidence for small but significant stimulant enhancement effects on inhibitory control and short-term episodic memory. Small effects on working memory reached significance, based on one of our two analytical approaches. Effects on delayed episodic memory were medium in size. However, because the effects on long-term and working memory were qualified by evidence for publication bias, we conclude that the effect of amphetamine and methylphenidate on the examined facets of healthy cognition is probably modest overall. In some situations, a small advantage may be ...
Bromocriptine
Most frequent side effects are nausea, orthostatic hypotension, headaches, and vomiting through stimulation of the brainstem vomiting centre.[9] Vasospasms with serious consequences such as myocardial infarction and stroke that have been reported in connection with the puerperium, appear to be extremely rare events.[10] Peripheral vasospasm (of the fingers or toes) can cause Raynaud's Phenomenon. Bromocriptine use has been anecdotally associated with causing or worsening psychotic symptoms (its mechanism is in opposition of most antipsychotics, whose mechanisms generally block dopamine).[11] Pulmonary fibrosis has been reported when bromocriptine was used in high doses for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.[12] Use to suppress milk production after childbirth was reviewed in 2014 and it was concluded that in this context a causal association with serious cardiovascular, neurological or psychiatric events could not be excluded with an overall incidence rate estimated to range between 0.005% ...
Mesoridazine
... (Serentil) is a piperidine neuroleptic drug belonging to the class of drugs called phenothiazines, used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is a metabolite of thioridazine. The drug's name is derived from the methylsulfoxy and piperidine functional groups in its chemical structure. It has central antiadrenergic, antidopaminergic, antiserotonergic and weak muscarinic anticholinergic effects. Serious side effects include akathisia, tardive dyskinesia and the potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Mesoridazine was withdrawn from the United States market in 2004 due to dangerous side effects, namely irregular heart beat and QT-prolongation of the electrocardiogram.[1] It currently appears to be unavailable worldwide. ...
Trifluoperazine
Brand names include Eskazinyl, Eskazine, Jatroneural, Modalina, Stelazine, Terfluzine, Trifluoperaz, Triftazin. In the United Kingdom and some other countries, trifluoperazine is sold and marketed under the brand 'Stelazine'. The drug is sold as tablet, liquid and 'Trifluoperazine-injectable USP' for deep intramuscular short-term use. GP studying pharmacological data has indicated cases of neck vertebrae irreversible fusing leading to NHS preparations being predominantly of the liquid form trifluoperazine as opposed to the tablet form as in Stela zine etc. In the past, trifluoperazine was used in fixed combinations with the MAO inhibitor (antidepressant) tranylcypromine (tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine) to attenuate the strong stimulating effects of this antidepressant. This combination was sold under the brand name Jatrosom N. Likewise a combination with amobarbital (potent sedative/hypnotic agent) for the amelioration of psychoneurosis and insomnia existed under the brand name Jalonac. In ...
Raclopride
... is a synthetic compound that acts as a selective antagonist on D2 dopamine receptors.[1] Its selectivity to the cerebral D2 receptors is characterized by its respective Ki-values, which are as follows: 1.8, 3.5, 2400 and 18000 nM for D2, D3, D4 and D1 receptors respectively. It can be radiolabelled with radioisotopes, e.g. 3H or 11C and used as a tracer for in vitro imaging (autoradiography) as well as in vivo imaging positron emission tomography (PET). Images obtained by cerebral PET scanning (e.g. PET/CT or PET/MRI) allow the non-invasive assessment of the binding capacity of the cerebral D2 dopamine receptor, which can be useful for the diagnosis of movement disorders. In particular, cerebral D2 receptor binding as measured by carbon-11-raclopride (11C-raclopride) has shown to reflect disease severity of Huntington's disease, a genetical disease characterized by selective degeneration of cerebral D2 receptors.[2] Other studies have investigated the relationship of D2 receptor ...
Quinagolide
InChI=1S/C20H33N3O3S/c1-4-10-22-14-17(21-27(25,26)23(5-2)6-3)11-16-12-18-15(13-19(16)22)8-7-9-20(18)24/h7-9,16-17,19,21,24H,4-6,10-14H2,1-3H3/t16-,17+,19-/m1/s1 ...
L-DOPA
... crosses the protective blood-brain barrier, whereas dopamine itself cannot. Thus, L-DOPA is used to increase dopamine concentrations in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and dopamine-responsive dystonia. This treatment was made practical and proven clinically by George Cotzias and his coworkers, for which they won the 1969 Lasker Prize.[4][5] Once L-DOPA has entered the central nervous system, it is converted into dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, also known as DOPA decarboxylase. Pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) is a required cofactor in this reaction, and may occasionally be administered along with L-DOPA, usually in the form of pyridoxine.. Besides the central nervous system, L-DOPA is also converted into dopamine from within the peripheral nervous system. Excessive peripheral dopamine signaling causes many of the adverse side effects seen with sole L-DOPA administration. To bypass these effects, it is standard clinical practice to coadminister (with ...
List of dopaminergic drugs
Adamantanes: Amantadine • Memantine • Rimantadine Aminotetralins: 7-OH-DPAT • 8-OH-PBZI • Rotigotine • UH-232 Benzazepines: 6- ...
Adamantanone
... is the ketone of adamantane. A white solid, it is prepared by oxidation of adamantane. It is a precursor to ... several adamantane derivatives. Adamantanone and some related polycyclic ketones, are reluctant to form enolates. This barrier ...
Ruthenium tetroxide
For example, it will oxidize adamantane to 1-adamantanol. Because it is such an aggressive oxidant, reaction conditions must be ... "Rigid Multivalent Scaffolds Based on Adamantane". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 73 (3): 1056-1060. doi:10.1021/jo702310g. ...
Adapromine
These findings might also extend to the other adamantanes such as adapromine, rimantadine, and bromantane and could explain the ... Morozov, I. S.; Ivanova, I. A.; Lukicheva, T. A. (2001). "Actoprotector and Adaptogen Properties of Adamantane Derivatives (A ... Tromantadine Spasov, A. A.; Khamidova, T. V.; Bugaeva, L. I.; Morozov, I. S. (2000). "Adamantane derivatives: Pharmacological ... Adapromine is an antiviral drug of the adamantane group related to amantadine (1-aminoadamantane), rimantadine (1-(1-aminoethyl ...
Hexamethylenetetramine
It has a cage-like structure similar to adamantane. It is useful in the synthesis of other organic compounds, including ... Garcia, J. C.; Justo, J. F.; Machado, W. V. M.; Assali, L. V. C. (2009). "Functionalized adamantane: building blocks for ... The molecule has a symmetric tetrahedral cage-like structure, similar to adamantane, whose four "corners" are nitrogen atoms ...
Iceane
Adamantane Twistane Propellane Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane Fieser, L. F. (1965). "Extensions in the use of plastic ...
Propellane
Highly reactive 1,3-dehydro derivative of adamantane". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91 (16): 4593-4593. doi:10.1021/ja01044a072. Tian, X; ... This compound is formally derived from adamantane by removing two hydrogens and adding an internal bond. It can be viewed as [ ...
Building block (chemistry)
Garcia, J. C.; Justo, J. F.; Machado, W. V. M.; Assali, L. V. C. (2009). "Functionalized adamantane: building blocks for ...
Francine Caron
Detailed bibliography published by the web site Adamantane. ...
Self-assembly
Garcia JC, Justo JF, Machado WV, Assali LV (2009). "Functionalized adamantane: building blocks for nanostructure self-assembly ...
Phosphorus trioxide
This colorless solid is structurally related to adamantane. It is formally the anhydride of phosphorous acid, H3PO3, but cannot ...
1,3-Dehydroadamantane
Highly reactive 1,3-dehydro derivative of adamantane". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91 (16): 4593-4593. doi:10.1021/ja01044a072. Matsuoka ... which can be obtained from adamantane by removal of two hydrogen atoms to create an internal bond. It is a polycyclic ...
Diamantane
Adamantane was the first, and "Congressane", as diamantane came to be known, was only the second member of an entire family of ... Olah, G. A; Ramaiah, P.; Rao, C. B.; Sandford, G.; Golam, R.; Trivedi, N. J.; Olah, J. A. (1993). "Nitration of adamantane and ... Diamantane then became as readily available as adamantane and its chemistry could be studied more easily. Diamantane can be ... Gordadze, G. N.; Giruts, M. V. (2008). "Synthesis of adamantane and diamantane hydrocarbons by high-temperature cracking of ...
adamantane - Everything2.com
Adamantane resistance in flu explained | ScienceBlogs
... are resistant to adamantane, one of the antiviral drugs that can be used to treat influenza infections. ... The antiviral agents are not adamantane itself, but two amino derivatives of adamantane called amantadine and rimantadine. ... adamantane -â noun Chemistry. A white crystalline alicyclic hydrocarbon, C10H16, consisting of four fused cyclohexane rings, ... based on the chemical name 1-aminoadamantane; see amino-, adamantane. adamant. -â adjective. 1. utterly unyielding in attitude ...
Adamantane - Wikipedia
Today, adamantane is an affordable chemical compound with a cost of about $1 a gram. All the above methods yield adamantane as ... Adamantane is the most stable isomer of C10H16. The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in the adamantane molecule is the same ... Most reactions of adamantane occur via the 3-coordinated carbon sites. They are involved in the reaction of adamantane with ... Adamantane is an organic compound with a formula C10H16 or, more descriptively, (CH)4(CH2)6. Adamantane molecules can be ...
Phosphatrioxa-adamantane - Wikipedia
Adamantane, 1-chloro
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
Adamantane - Wikipedia
Adamantane cationsEdit. The adamantane cation can be produced by reacting 1-fluoro-adamantane with SbF5 and it has high ... Fluorination of adamantane with gaseous fluorine has also been reported.[40]. CarboxylationEdit. Carboxylation of adamantane ... Adamantane analoguesEdit. Many molecules adopt adamantane-like cage structures. Those include phosphorus trioxide P4O6, arsenic ... Adamantane cages can be stacked together to produce higher diamondoids, such as diamantane (C14H20 - two fused adamantane cages ...
Why Swine Flu Is Resistant to Adamantane Drugs | ScienceBlogs
... all 13 were resistant to adamantane-based drugs (amantadine and rimantadine). Resistance to adamantane drugs (which were ... Adamantane-based drugs, however, bind to the outside of M2 and cause it to be locked in the closed state. This means that in ... I think that this issue in particular--the binding of adamantane-based drugs to the influenza M2 channel--is quite exciting, as ... This is actually a relatively common mutation found in flu viruses in general and the main source of all flu adamantane ...
The EPR Spectrum of Na3 in Adamantane | SpringerLink
... has been prepared in adamantane and its EPR spectrum recorded from 4 to 170 K. It has three magnetically equivalent Na nuclei ... Howard J.A., Hampson C.A., Histed M., Morris H., Mile B. (1987) The EPR Spectrum of Na3 in Adamantane. In: Jena P., Rao B.K., ... The sodium trimer, Na3, has been prepared in adamantane and its EPR spectrum recorded from 4 to 170 K. It has three ... This suggests that the correlation time, τc, is faster in adamantane than it is in argon. ...
Nanotechnology Now - Press Release: Application of Adamantane
Adamantane is one of the main products of Jinxiang chemical factory. We will supply the best adamantane to every customer. ... Home , Press , Application of Adamantane. Abstract:. Adamantane consists of four cyclohexanes fused each other in chair ... Application of Adamantane. Nanjing, China , Posted on November 7th, 2012. Its systematical name is tricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane ...
Dissociation dynamics of the diamondoid adamantane upon photoionization by XUV femtosecond pulses | Scientific Reports
We demonstrate that the dissociation dynamics of adamantane dications takes place in a two-step process: barrierless cage ... This work presents a photodissociation study of the diamondoid adamantane using extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulses. The ... Table 1 List of correlated singly charged fragments coming from the dissociation of adamantane dication observed experimentally ... Adamantane molecules, C10H16 (powder from Aldrich with ,99% purity), are produced in the gas phase by a pulsed Even-Lavie valve ...
281-23-2 - Adamantane, 98% - A14041 - Alfa Aesar
Adamantane is mainly used for the synthesis of medicine to treat influenza, serve as NMDA receptor channel blockers. Also be ... Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. ... Adamantane: Consequences of the Diamondoid Structure. Chem. Rev. 1964, 64 (3), 277-300. ...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Dichloroquinolines with Adamantane-Containing Amines
7-dichloroquinolines was studied using adamantane-containing amines in which substituents at the nitrogen atom differ in ... Keywords: amines; adamantane; Pd catalysis; amination; quinoline amines; adamantane; Pd catalysis; amination; quinoline ... Pd-catalyzed amination of isomeric 2,6-, 2,8-, 4,8- and 4,7-dichloroquinolines was studied using adamantane-containing amines ... Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Dichloroquinolines with Adamantane-Containing Amines. Anton S. Abel 1. ...
High Levels of Adamantane Resistance Among Influenza A (H3N2)
Viruses and Interim Guidelines for Use of Antiviral Agents ---...
These findings of adamantane resistance pertain to human influenza A (H3N2) viruses and not to avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses ... High Levels of Adamantane Resistance Among Influenza A (H3N2) Viruses and Interim Guidelines for Use of Antiviral Agents --- ... Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. ... Resistance of influenza A viruses to adamantanes can occur spontaneously or emerge rapidly during treatment (3). A single point ...
A novel prototype of albumin nanoparticles fabricated by supramolecular cyclodextrin-adamantane association. | Sigma-Aldrich
These NPs (GC-CD/HSA-ADA NPs) consisted of β-cyclodextrin-modified glycol chitosan (GC-CD) and adamantane-conjugated human ... In this article, we introduce a new albumin NPs prototype fabricated via a host (β-cyclodextrin)-guest (adamantane) ... A novel prototype of albumin nanoparticles fabricated by supramolecular cyclodextrin-adamantane association.. [Seunghyun Lee, ...
39269-10-8 - Adamantane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, 98% - H60081 - Alfa Aesar
Sequence Similarity
- 4HEV: Clostridium Botulinum Serotype A Light Chain Inhibited By Adamantane Hydroxamate Sequence...
N'-[(1Z)-3-amino-1H-isoindol-1-ylidene]adamantane-1-carbohydrazide | CAS No. | Sigma-Aldrich
Pharmaceuticals | Free Full-Text | Targeted Protein Degradation by Chimeric Compounds using Hydrophobic E3 Ligands and...
In this study, we synthesized new compounds in which the AhR ligands were replaced with a hydrophobic adamantane moiety to ... Adamantane-ATRA, with an amide bond (Ad-ATRA-2, 3) was also prepared via the condensation of 8 with 13, following a similar ... Targeted Protein Degradation by Chimeric Compounds using Hydrophobic E3 Ligands and Adamantane Moiety by Takuji Shoda 1,*,†, ... Adamantane-ATRA, with an ester bond (Ad-ATRA-1, 2), was obtained after the reduction of the azide group in 5, the condensation ...
Dissociative ionisation of adamantane: a combined theoretical and experimental study - Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (RSC...
We have found adamantane to dissociatively photoionise via several parallel channels of which H, C3H7 and C4H8 losses are the ... Dissociative ionisation of adamantane: a combined theoretical and experimental study A. Candian, J. Bouwman, P. Hemberger, A. ... In this paper we characterise the dissociative ionisation of adamantane (C10H16) - the smallest member of the diamondoid family ... which is located at 10.55 eV with respect to neutral adamantane. In addition, we found dissociation channels leading to small ...
Eurosurveillance | Detection of adamantane-sensitive influenza A(H3N2) viruses in Australia, 2017: a cause for hope?
A return to wide circulation of adamantane-sensitive A(H3N2) viruses would revive the option of using these drugs for treatment ... However, during the 2017 influenza season in Australia, 15/461 (3.3%) adamantane-sensitive A(H3N2) viruses encoding serine at ... influenza viruses have been resistant to the adamantane class of antivirals. ... The emergence of adamantane resistance in influenza A(H1) viruses in Australia and regionally in 2006. Antiviral Res. 2007;75(2 ...
Adamantane-Resistant Influenza Infection During the 2004-05 Season - Volume 14, Number 1-January 2008 - Emerging Infectious...
We identified adamantane resistance in 47% of 152 influenza A virus (H3N2) isolates collected during 2005. Resistant and ... Adamantane-resistant influenza A is an emerging problem, but infections caused by resistant and susceptible viruses have not ... Bright RA, Medina MJ, Xu X, Perez-Oronoz G, Wallis TR, Davis XM, Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) ... Adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated early during the 2005-2006 influenza season in the United States.JAMA ...
Control of an Outbreak due to an Adamantane-Resistant Strain of Influenza A (H3N2) in a Chronic Care Facility | SpringerLink
Adamantanes have been used by chronic care facilities for influenza A prophylaxis; however, genotypic resistance ha ... Adamantanes have been used by chronic care facilities for influenza A prophylaxis; however, genotypic resistance has altered ... Control of an Outbreak due to an Adamantane-Resistant Strain of Influenza A (H3N2) in a Chronic Care Facility. ... Enhanced infection control precautions and adamantane prophylaxis were used to control spread of influenza in a chronic care ...
1,3-bis((Pyrid-2-ylamino)carbonyl)adamantane (RIZVOL)
Optimized PM6_D3H4 data set: MERS=(1,1,1) GNORM=4 PM6-D3H4 THREADS=1 1,3-bis((Pyrid-2-ylamino)carbonyl)adamantane (RIZVOL) (PM6 ... Optimized PM7 data set: MERS=(1,1,1) GNORM=4 1,3-bis((Pyrid-2-ylamino)carbonyl)adamantane (RIZVOL) O 0.00548595 +1 0.0140174 +1 ... 111 1,3-bis((Pyrid-2-ylamino)carbonyl)adamantane (RIZVOL) (Previous) Nicotinamide (NICOAM01). (Back) Elements: O 1 N 2 C 11 H ...
Specific binding of adamantane drugs and direction of their polar amines in the pore of the influenza M2 transmembrane domain...
Adamantanes [Chemical Structural Class] | TCI EUROPE N.V.
The Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor N-(5-Adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)-deoxynojirimycin Induces Sterol Regulatory Element...
We have described previously that N-(5-adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)-deoxynojirimycin (AMP-DNM), an inhibitor of ... The Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor N-(5-Adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)-deoxynojirimycin Induces Sterol Regulatory Element ... The Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor N-(5-Adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)-deoxynojirimycin Induces Sterol Regulatory Element ... The Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor N-(5-Adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)-deoxynojirimycin Induces Sterol Regulatory Element ...
High Quality 3-Carboxymethyl Adamantane-1-Carboxylic Acid in stock price,buy Formaldehyde,Formaldehyde supplier-Siwei...
... provide High Quality 3-Carboxymethyl Adamantane-1-Carboxylic Acid in stock 56531-58-9 product and the products related with ... China (Mainland) High Quality 3-Carboxymethyl Adamantane-1-Carboxylic Acid in stock 56531-58-9 Siwei Development Group Ltd. ... High Quality 3-Carboxymethyl Adamantane-1-Carboxylic Acid in stock 56531-58-9 Suppliers, ... High Quality 3-Carboxymethyl Adamantane-1-Carboxylic Acid in stock CAS NO.56531-58-9. Min.Order Quantity: 1 Kilogram. Purity: ...
Novel adamantane-based periodic mesoporous organosilica film with ultralow dielectric constant and high mechanical strength |...
... adamantane-bridged organosilane (ADBO), was synthesized successfully which was employed to prepare adamantane-based (ADH-based ... Fort RC, Schleyer PV (1964) Adamantane: consequences of the diamondoid structure. Chem Rev 64:277-300CrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Novel adamantane-based periodic mesoporous organosilica film with ultralow dielectric constant and high mechanical strength. ... Prepare adamantane-based (ADH-based) periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) ...
Computational Organic Chemistry » adamantane
2 The barrier for rearrangement of the inverted adamantane into adamantane, which involved a cleave of a C-C bond, is 17 kcal ... Archive for the adamantane Category. 1-Adamantyl cation - Predicting its NMR spectra. What is required in order to compute ... Inverted adamantane. There is a mystique surrounding chemical torture. Just how much strain can one subject a poor old carbon ... 1) Irikura, K. K., In-Adamantane, a Small Inside-Out Molecule, J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 7906-7908, DOI: 10.1021/jo801806w. ...
Computational Organic Chemistry » Inverted adamantane
2 The barrier for rearrangement of the inverted adamantane into adamantane, which involved a cleave of a C-C bond, is 17 kcal ... Inverted adamantane. There is a mystique surrounding chemical torture. Just how much strain can one subject a poor old carbon ... 1) Irikura, K. K., In-Adamantane, a Small Inside-Out Molecule, J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 7906-7908, DOI: 10.1021/jo801806w. ... One Response to "Inverted adamantane". * syregnask. responded on 05 Mar 2009 at 4:24 am # ...
DerivativesRimantadineH3N2MoleculesName adamantaneMoleculeDiamondoidPyrosequencing for adamantane resistanceResistantVirusesDerivativeNeuraminidaseCamphorOseltamivir and zanamivirSimplestSynthesisAtomsCarbonylC10H16HydrocarbonSchleyerDrugsAminesCompoundProphylaxisSupramolecularAbsorptionDiamantaneDissociationPrecursorAminoChemistryFormulaPrevalenceLigandsMolecularRigidClassInfluenza seasonSupplierConsists
Derivatives9
- Adamantane derivatives have found practical application as drugs, polymeric materials, and thermally stable lubricants. (wikipedia.org)
- Instead of adamantane, Meerwein obtained 1,3,5,7-tetracarbomethoxybicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione: this compound, later named Meerwein's ester, was used in the synthesis of adamantane and its derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
- Other researchers attempted to synthesize adamantane using phloroglucinol and derivatives of cyclohexanone, but also failed. (wikipedia.org)
- The method is used to synthesize certain derivatives of adamantane. (wikipedia.org)
- Petroleum contains more than thirty of derivatives of adamantane. (wikipedia.org)
- The most widely used drugs have been 2 adamantane derivatives (amantadine and rimantadine), which are effective for prophylaxis and reduce illness duration if started within 48 hours after symptom onset ( 3 , 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- Those studies are mostly on adamantane derivatives but as you can see from the pictures on Wkipedia, these derivatives are most often nothing more than an addition of a simple group that makes the adamantane more water-soluble. (raypeatforum.com)
- Many of the studies on those derivatives compared effects of adamantane to the new derivative and found them to be almost the same. (raypeatforum.com)
- The list of studies is a little light because I wanted to post only the studies known to be directly relevant to adamantane and not its derivatives. (raypeatforum.com)
Rimantadine6
- However, all 13 were resistant to adamantane-based drugs (amantadine and rimantadine). (scienceblogs.com)
- Two classes of antiviral medications are available currently: adamantanes or M2 ion channel inhibitors (i.e., amantadine and rimantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (i.e., oseltamivir and zanamivir). (cdc.gov)
- [13] These findings might also extend to the other adamantanes such as adapromine, rimantadine , and bromantane and could explain the psychostimulant-like effects of this family of compounds . (raypeatforum.com)
- All the Influenza B are resistant to adamantanes, and in the case of influenza A (H1N1), which inherited an M2 from the swine virus circulating in Europe and Asia, amantadine and rimantadine also have no effect. (bvsalud.org)
- Beginning in the 2005-2006 influenza season, most strains of influenza A (H3N2) circulating in the US were resistant to adamantanes (amantadine, rimantadine), 121 and resistance to these drugs among seasonal influenza A (H3N2) isolates has remained high during subsequent influenza seasons. (drugs.com)
- Rimantadine , also called α-methyl-1-adamantane methylamine hydrochloride , drug used to treat infections caused by influenza type A virus , the most common cause of influenza epidemics . (britannica.com)
H3N211
- Alexander I Klimov, PhD. Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern. (alfa.com)
- Detection of adamantane-sensitive influenza A(H3N2) viruses in Australia, 2017: a cause for hope? (eurosurveillance.org)
- For over a decade virtually all A(H3N2) influenza viruses have been resistant to the adamantane class of antivirals. (eurosurveillance.org)
- However, during the 2017 influenza season in Australia, 15/461 (3.3%) adamantane-sensitive A(H3N2) viruses encoding serine at residue 31 of the M2 protein were detected, more than the total number identified globally during the last 6 years. (eurosurveillance.org)
- A return to wide circulation of adamantane-sensitive A(H3N2) viruses would revive the option of using these drugs for treatment and prophylaxis. (eurosurveillance.org)
- We identified adamantane resistance in 47% of 152 influenza A virus (H3N2) isolates collected during 2005. (cdc.gov)
- From 1997 through 2004, few influenza A (H3N2) isolates were resistant to adamantanes, although resistance among isolates from Asia increased substantially in 2003 ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- In the United States, the proportion of influenza A (H3N2) isolates with adamantane resistance was 0.8%-2.2% during this period and 11% in the 2004-05 influenza seasons. (cdc.gov)
- 90% of influenza A (H3N2) isolates from patients in 26 states contained a mutation conferring resistance to adamantane drugs ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- Ferret models suggest that virulence is not increased by adamantane resistance in influenza A (H3N2) infections ( 8 ), although experimental studies with recombinant influenza (H1N1) in mice have suggested that the mortality rate is increased by a double mutation conferring adamantane resistance ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
- This study showed circulating A/ H3N2 viruses was resistant to adamantanes but susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
Molecules3
- Adamantane molecules can be described as the fusion of three cyclohexane rings. (wikipedia.org)
- Adamantane molecules consists of three connected cyclohexane rings arranged in the "armchair" configuration. (wikipedia.org)
- While this study was recently complemented by a first time-resolved study 10 , to date no results have been published on the dissociation dynamics of multiply charged adamantane molecules. (nature.com)
Name adamantane1
- This similarity led to the name adamantane, which is derived from the Greek adamantinos (relating to steel or diamond). (wikipedia.org)
Molecule3
- The spatial arrangement of carbon atoms in the adamantane molecule is the same as in the diamond crystal. (wikipedia.org)
- All diamondoids are variants of the adamantane molecule, the most stable among all of the isomers with the formula C 10 H 16 , shown in Fig. 1 . (nature.com)
- As is often the case in drug discovery and design, a generic molecule like adamantane is modified to be patentable and profitable, but the original molecule usually has the same beneficial effects as the patentable derivative and often without the side effects. (raypeatforum.com)
Diamondoid5
- This work presents a photodissociation study of the diamondoid adamantane using extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulses. (nature.com)
- Adamantane: Consequences of the Diamondoid Structure. (alfa.com)
- In this paper we characterise the dissociative ionisation of adamantane (C 10 H 16 ) - the smallest member of the diamondoid family - utilising imaging Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence (iPEPICO) spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. (rsc.org)
- We consider here the smallest diamondoid with a single diamond cage, called adamantane, characterized by a T d symmetry and consisting of only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms. (nature.com)
- Adamantane is the simplest known diamondoid existing naturally. (raypeatforum.com)
Pyrosequencing for adamantane resistance1
- Procedures for virus propagation, RNA extraction, and pyrosequencing for adamantane resistance have been described previously ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Resistant10
- overview of why flu viruses (including the new A/H1N1 strain) are resistant to adamantane , one of the antiviral drugs that can be used to treat influenza infections. (scienceblogs.com)
- Neither replication, transmission, nor virulence of adamantane-resistant influenza A viruses are impaired by the point mutations conferring resistance ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
- A recent report on the global prevalence of adamantane-resistant influenza A viruses indicated a significant increase of drug resistance, from 1.8% during the 2001--02 influenza season to 12.3% during the 2003--04 season ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- Adamantane-resistant influenza A is an emerging problem, but infections caused by resistant and susceptible viruses have not been compared. (cdc.gov)
- Little is known regarding clinical effects in humans infected with adamantane-resistant influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
- We compared clinical and demographic characteristics of patients infected with either adamantane-susceptible or -resistant strains of influenza A during the 2004-05 season. (cdc.gov)
- This outbreak demonstrates the importance of timely and consistent implementation of infection control measures in controlling influenza outbreaks in long term care facilities and raises questions about a possible role for adamantanes in preventing transmission of adamantane-resistant influenza A viruses. (springer.com)
- Our data raise concerns about the appropriate use of adamantanes and draw attention to the importance of tracking the emergence and spread of drug-resistant influenza A viruses. (nih.gov)
- Due to the type of interaction that occurs between M2 and the adamantanes, the M2 proteins can undergo mutation, which makes it resistant to these drugs without losing its activity. (bvsalud.org)
- 94 Avian influenza A (H5N1) and avian influenza A (H7N9) generally have been resistant to adamantanes. (drugs.com)
Viruses9
- Resistance to adamantane drugs (which were developed first) has actually become quite widespread among flu viruses in general, so oseltamivir and zanamivir are commonly the drugs of choice. (scienceblogs.com)
- The adamantanes are active against only influenza A viruses and are used for both treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza A, whereas the neuraminidase inhibitors are active against both influenza A and B viruses. (cdc.gov)
- This report describes new findings regarding the resistance to adamantanes of influenza A viruses currently circulating in the United States and provides interim recommendations that these drugs not be used during the remainder of the 2005--06 influenza season. (cdc.gov)
- Resistance of influenza A viruses to adamantanes can occur spontaneously or emerge rapidly during treatment ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- During October 1, 2005--January 14, 2006, a total of 123 influenza A viruses collected from 23 states were tested at CDC for adamantane resistance. (cdc.gov)
- Adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated early during the 2005-2006 influenza season in the United States. (eurosurveillance.org)
- We sought to assess adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated during the past decade from countries participating in WHO's global influenza surveillance network. (nih.gov)
- The main objective of this study is to evaluate M gene of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of H9N2 subtype in order to find adamantane drug resistance mutations. (ac.ir)
- Overall, 8 out of 11 viruses harbored the adamantane resistance-associated mutations. (ac.ir)
Derivative5
- We also study diamantane, which is composed of two diamond cages with D 3d symmetry, and a derivative called urotropine with T d symmetry, where the C-H units of adamantane are substituted by nitrogen (N) atoms (see Fig. 1 c ). (nature.com)
- The first adamantane derivative used as a drug was amantadine - first (1967) as an antiviral drug against various strains of flu[50] and then to treat Parkinson's disease. (raypeatforum.com)
- Dendrons constituted of an adamantane core, a focal point and three arms, were synthetized starting from a multifunctional adamantane derivative. (univoak.eu)
- Maleimido groups at the periphery of the scaffold were used to covalently attach the peptide called P140 Show more Dendrons constituted of an adamantane core, a focal point and three arms, were synthetized starting from a multifunctional adamantane derivative. (univoak.eu)
- 1 2 6 adamantane derivative. (drugs.com)
Neuraminidase2
- In contrast to adamantane resistance, neuraminidase inhibitor resistance remains rare worldwide ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- Adamantanes and neuraminidase inhibitors are influenza antiviral drugs . (bvsalud.org)
Camphor2
- Pure adamantane is a colorless, crystalline solid with a characteristic camphor smell. (wikipedia.org)
- Adamantane is a colorless, crystalline chemical compound with a camphor -like odor. (wikipedia.org)
Oseltamivir and zanamivir1
- The reason for the difference is that the adamantane drugs target different viral proteins from oseltamivir and zanamivir. (scienceblogs.com)
Simplest1
- The simplest of these polycyclic diamondoids is adamantane followed by its homologues diamantanes, trimantanes, tetramantanes, pentamantanes, and hexamantanes [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Synthesis5
- The discovery of adamantane in petroleum in 1933 launched a new field of chemistry dedicated to the synthesis and properties of polyhedral organic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- The adamantane synthesis yield was later increased to 60% and 98% by ultrasound and super acid catalysts. (wikipedia.org)
- Paul G. Pringle, Martin B. Smith "Phosphatrioxa-adamantane Ligands" in Phosphorus(III) Ligands in Homogeneous Catalysis: Design and Synthesis, Edited by Paul C. J. Kamer and Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen, 2012 John Wiley, New York. (wikipedia.org)
- Adamantane is mainly used for the synthesis of medicine to treat influenza, serve as NMDA receptor channel blockers. (alfa.com)
- 1-Adamantanemethanol is used as a reagent in the synthesis of adamantane and noradamantane based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. (hsppharma.com)
Atoms2
- On the left is adamantane with four hydrogen atoms abstracted. (blogspot.com)
- In order to overcome this problem a larger building block was chosen, penta-adamantane, rendered on the right also with four hydrogen atoms abstracted. (blogspot.com)
Carbonyl1
- It is concluded for cases (ii) and (iii), that an adamantane carboxylate anion system with a carbonyl group directly attached at the 3-position is not a suitable model system for studying charge-remote reactions. (edu.au)
C10H162
- Adamantane is an organic compound with a formula C10H16 or, more descriptively, (CH)4(CH2)6. (wikipedia.org)
- Adamantane is the most stable isomer of C10H16. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrocarbon2
- Adamantane has an unusually high melting point for a hydrocarbon. (wikipedia.org)
- At 270 °C, its melting point is much higher than other hydrocarbons with the same molecular weight, such as camphene (45 °C), limonene (−74 °C), ocimene (50 °C), terpinene (60 °C) or twistane (164 °C), or than a linear C10H22 hydrocarbon decane (−28 °C). However, adamantane slowly sublimes even at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
Schleyer1
- The process was still too complex, and a more convenient method was found in 1957 by Paul von Ragué Schleyer: dicyclopentadiene was first hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst (e.g. platinum dioxide) and then transformed into adamantane using a Lewis acid (e.g. aluminium chloride) as another catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
Drugs1
- The adamantane-based drugs, however, target M2. (scienceblogs.com)
Amines1
- Pd-catalyzed amination of isomeric 2,6-, 2,8-, 4,8- and 4,7-dichloroquinolines was studied using adamantane-containing amines in which substituents at the nitrogen atom differ in bulkiness. (mdpi.com)
Compound4
- Today, adamantane is an affordable chemical compound with a cost of about $1 a gram. (wikipedia.org)
- Because of the (assumed) similarity of its structure to that of diamond, the new compound was named adamantane. (wikipedia.org)
- Phosphatrioxa-adamantane is an organophosphorus compound that is used as a precursor to bulky phosphine ligands. (wikipedia.org)
- It is composed of an alicyclic compound called adamantane that contains a methyl group (CH 3 ) attached to an amine . (britannica.com)
Prophylaxis2
- However, following implementation of enhanced infection control practices and adamantane prophylaxis, only 10 (13%) of 79 case patients were identified on the second floor. (springer.com)
- Enhanced infection control precautions and adamantane prophylaxis were used to control spread of influenza in a chronic care facility. (springer.com)
Supramolecular2
- A novel prototype of albumin nanoparticles fabricated by supramolecular cyclodextrin-adamantane association. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- In this article, we introduce a new albumin NPs prototype fabricated via a 'host' (β-cyclodextrin)-'guest' (adamantane) supramolecular association. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Absorption1
- 3. The submitters have found that the absorption of adamantane on silica gel may also be accomplished by mixing the dry solids in a closed flask for a few hours. (orgsyn.org)
Diamantane3
- No biodegradation is observed in any of these samples as shown by methyladamantanes/adamantane 3.99-5.52 and methyldiamantanes/diamantane 2.16-2.99 and supported by high values of API gravity (45.13°-60.02°) and absence of UCM. (hindawi.com)
- Structure and numbering of adamantane (I) and diamantane (II). (hindawi.com)
- The present invention provides adamantane or diamantane compositions that are useful as a dielectric material in microelectronic applications such as microchips. (freepatentsonline.com)
Dissociation2
- We demonstrate that the dissociation dynamics of adamantane dications takes place in a two-step process: barrierless cage opening followed by Coulomb repulsion-driven fragmentation. (nature.com)
- The study reveals, in addition to the expected hydrogen loss, dissociation via a number of parallel channels which all start with an opening of the carbon cage and hydrogen migration indicating that the low photostability of adamantane could explain its deficiency in astronomical observations. (nature.com)
Precursor2
- D. Bottger tried to obtain adamantane using Meerwein's ester as precursor. (wikipedia.org)
- In this work, a novel bridged organosilane precursor, adamantane-bridged organosilane (ADBO), was synthesized successfully which was employed to prepare adamantane-based (ADH-based) periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) thin film in the presence of porogen and acid catalyst via evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) after spin-coating procedure. (springer.com)
Amino1
- Electroencephalography (EEG) studies of animals suggest that adapromine and related adamantanes including amantadine, bromantane (1-amino-2-bromophenyladamantane), and memantine have psychostimulant -like and possibly antidepressant -like effects, and that these effects may be mediated via catecholaminergic processes . (raypeatforum.com)
Chemistry1
- adamantane -â noun Chemistry. (scienceblogs.com)
Formula1
- Adamantane is the most stable among all the isomers with formula C 10 H 16 , which include the somewhat similar twistane . (wikipedia.org)
Prevalence1
- Univariate comparisons were performed, and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were computed to evaluate the association between adamantane resistance and age, gender, vaccination status, date of clinical encounter, and presence of a high-risk medical condition. (cdc.gov)
Ligands1
- In this study, we synthesized new compounds in which the AhR ligands were replaced with a hydrophobic adamantane moiety to investigate the mechanisms of AhR-independent degradation. (mdpi.com)
Molecular2
- We used molecular-dynamics simulations to calculate the potential of mean force of adamantanes in a lipid bilayer. (ox.ac.uk)
- This work reveals that adamantane-based scaffolds with a well-defined spatial conformation are promising trivalent systems for molecular recognition and for biomedical applications. (univoak.eu)
Rigid1
- These outstanding properties of ADH-based PMO film can be ascribed to lower polarity, lower density, and rigid cavity structure of adamantane, which suggests its potential application as high-performance low- κ material in next-generation microelectronics. (springer.com)
Class1
- The adamantanes are a class of compounds that have found use in the treatment of influenza A and Parkinson's disease, among others. (ox.ac.uk)
Influenza season1
- In the United States, the frequency of adamantane resistance increased from 1.9% during the 2003--04 influenza season to 11% during the 2004--05 season (CDC, unpublished data, 2005). (cdc.gov)
Supplier1
- High Quality 3-Carboxymethyl Adamantane-1-Carboxylic Acid in stock price,buy Formaldehyde,Formaldehyde supplier-Siwei Development Group Ltd. (lookchem.com)
Consists1
- Adamantane consists of four cyclohexanes fused each other in chair conformations. (nanotech-now.com)