Acyl coa oxidase. Medical search

An enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-determining steps of peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids. It acts on COENZYME A derivatives of fatty acids with chain lengths from 8 to 18, using FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE as a cofactor.

S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.

An enzyme that catalyses the last step of the TRIACYLGLYCEROL synthesis reaction in which diacylglycerol is covalently joined to LONG-CHAIN ACYL COA to form triglyceride. It was formerly categorized as EC 2.3.1.124.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.

A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

The peroxisome proliferator (PP) response element upstream of the human acyl CoA oxidase gene is inactive among a sample human population: significance for species differences in response to PPs. (1/269)

Peroxisome proliferators (PP) cause peroxisome proliferation, associated with rodent hepatocyte growth perturbation and hepatocarcinogenesis. However, in humans this class of non-genotoxic carcinogens does not appear to have the same adverse effects. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) mediates the effects of PPs in rodents via peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) upstream of PP-responsive genes such as acyl coenzyme A oxidase (ACO). When the human ACO promoter was cloned previously, it was found to be active and to contain a consensus PPRE (-1918 AGGTCA C TGGTCA -1906). To confirm and extend those original findings, we isolated a 2 kb genomic fragment of the ACO gene promoter from a human liver biopsy and used it to create a beta-galactosidase reporter gene plasmid. The human ACO promoter reporter plasmid was added to both Hepalclc7 and NIH 3T3 cells together with a plasmid expressing mPPARa and assessed for its ability to drive PP-mediated gene transcription. The human ACO promoter fragment was inactive, unlike the equivalent rat ACO promoter fragment used as a positive control. The PPRE within our cloned fragment of the human ACO promoter differed at three positions (5'-AGGTCA G CTGTCA-3') from the previously published active human ACO promoter. Next, we studied the frequency of the inactive versus the active human PPRE within the human population. Using a PCR strategy, we isolated and analysed genomic DNA fragments from 22 unrelated human individuals and from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. In each case, the PPRE contained the inactive sequence. These data show that the human ACO gene promoter found in a sample human population is inactive. This may explain at the genomic level the lack of response of humans to some of the adverse effects of the PP class of non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens. (+info)

Oxidation of medium-chain acyl-CoA esters by extracts of Aspergillus niger: enzymology and characterization of intermediates by HPLC. (2/269)

The activities of beta-oxidation enzymes were measured in extracts of glucose- and triolein-grown cells of Aspergillus niger. Growth on triolein stimulated increased enzyme activity, especially for acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. No acyl-CoA oxidase activity was detected. HPLC analysis after incubation of triolein-grown cell extracts with decanoyl-CoA showed that beta-oxidation was limited to one cycle. Octanoyl-CoA accumulated as the decanoyl-CoA was oxidized. Beta-oxidation enzymes in isolated mitochondrial fractions were also studied. The results are discussed in the context of methyl ketone production by fungi. (+info)

Beneficial effects of fibrates on apolipoprotein A-I metabolism occur independently of any peroxisome proliferative response. (3/269)

BACKGROUND: In humans, fibrates are frequently used normolipidemic drugs. Fibrates act by regulating genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism via activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) in liver. In rodents, however, fibrates induce a peroxisome proliferation, leading to hepatomegaly and possibly hepatocarcinogenesis. Although this peroxisome proliferative response appears not to occur in humans, it remains controversial whether the beneficial effects of fibrates on lipoprotein metabolism can occur dissociated from such undesirable peroxisomal response. Here, we assessed the influence of fenofibrate on lipoprotein metabolism and peroxisome proliferation in the rabbit, an animal that, contrary to rodents and similar to humans, is less sensitive to peroxisome proliferators. METHODS AND RESULTS: First, we demonstrate that in normal rabbits, fenofibrate given at a high dose for 2 weeks does not influence serum concentrations or intestinal mRNA levels of the HDL apolipoprotein apoA-I. Therefore, the study was continued with human apoA-I transgenic rabbits that overexpress the human apoA-I gene under control of its homologous promoter, including its PPAR-response elements. In these animals, fenofibrate increases serum human apoA-I concentrations via an increased expression of the human apoA-I gene in liver. Interestingly, liver weight or mRNA levels and activity of fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, a rate-limiting and marker enzyme of peroxisomal beta-oxidation, remain unchanged after fenofibrate. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of the human apoA-I transgene in rabbit liver suffices to confer fibrate-mediated induction of serum apoA-I. Furthermore, these data provide in vivo evidence that the beneficial effects of fibrates on lipoprotein metabolism occur mechanistically dissociated from any deleterious activity on peroxisome proliferation and possibly hepatocarcinogenesis. (+info)

Absence of spontaneous peroxisome proliferation in enoyl-CoA Hydratase/L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient mouse liver. Further support for the role of fatty acyl CoA oxidase in PPARalpha ligand metabolism. (4/269)

Peroxisomes contain a classical L-hydroxy-specific peroxisome proliferator-inducible beta-oxidation system and also a second noninducible D-hydroxy-specific beta-oxidation system. We previously generated mice lacking fatty acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX), the first enzyme of the L-hydroxy-specific classical beta-oxidation system; these AOX-/- mice exhibited sustained activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), resulting in profound spontaneous peroxisome proliferation in liver cells. These observations implied that AOX is responsible for the metabolic degradation of PPARalpha ligands. In this study, the function of enoyl-CoA hydratase/L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (L-PBE), the second enzyme of this peroxisomal beta-oxidation system, was investigated by disrupting its gene. Mutant mice (L-PBE-/-) were viable and fertile and exhibited no detectable gross phenotypic defects. L-PBE-/- mice showed no hepatic steatosis and manifested no spontaneous peroxisome proliferation, unlike that encountered in livers of mice deficient in AOX. These results indicate that disruption of classical peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system distal to AOX step does not interfere with the inactivation of endogenous ligands of PPARalpha, further confirming that the AOX gene is indispensable for the physiological regulation of this receptor. The absence of appreciable changes in lipid metabolism also indicates that enoyl-CoAs, generated in the classical system in L-PBE-/- mice are diverted to D-hydroxy-specific system for metabolism by D-PBE. When challenged with a peroxisome proliferator, L-PBE-/- mice showed increases in the levels of hepatic mRNAs and proteins that are regulated by PPARalpha except for appreciable blunting of peroxisome proliferative response as compared with that observed in hepatocytes of wild type mice similarly treated. This blunting of peroxisome proliferative response is attributed to the absence of L-PBE protein in L-PBE-/- mouse liver, because all other proteins are induced essentially to the same extent in both wild type and L-PBE-/- mice. (+info)

Activation of flavin-containing oxidases underlies light-induced production of H2O2 in mammalian cells. (5/269)

Violet-blue light is toxic to mammalian cells, and this toxicity has been linked with cellular production of H2O2. In this report, we show that violet-blue light, as well as UVA, stimulated H2O2 production in cultured mouse, monkey, and human cells. We found that H2O2 originated in peroxisomes and mitochondria, and it was enhanced in cells overexpressing flavin-containing oxidases. These results support the hypothesis that photoreduction of flavoproteins underlies light-induced production of H2O2 in cells. Because H2O2 and its metabolite, hydroxyl radicals, can cause cellular damage, these reactive oxygen species may contribute to pathologies associated with exposure to UVA, violet, and blue light. They may also contribute to phototoxicity often encountered during light microscopy. Because multiphoton excitation imaging with 1,047-nm wavelength prevented light-induced H2O2 production in cells, possibly by minimizing photoreduction of flavoproteins, this technique may be useful for decreasing phototoxicity during fluorescence microscopy. (+info)

Impairment of peroxisomal biogenesis in human colon carcinoma. (6/269)

Peroxisomes and the activities of their enzymes have been reported to be significantly reduced in various types of tumors including the colon carcinoma. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the gene expression of several peroxisomal proteins in human colon carcinoma and additionally those of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PEX5, a receptor protein involved in the import of most peroxisomal matrix proteins. Samples from adenocarcinomas and adjacent normal colon were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The mRNA content was assessed by a novel sensitive dot blot RNase protection assay and northern blotting. By immunohistochemistry, peroxisomes were distinctly visualized in normal colonocytes but were not detected in colon carcinoma cells. The protein levels of catalase (CAT), acyl-CoA oxidase as well as the 22 and 70 kDa peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMP22 and PMP70) were all significantly decreased in carcinomas. The corresponding mRNAs for CAT and PMP70, however, were unchanged. In contrast, the mRNA of PEX5 was significantly increased. The expression of PPARalpha was not altered in tumors, neither at protein nor mRNA levels. These observations show that the reduction of peroxisomes and their proteins in colon carcinoma is not due to a generalized reduction of transcription of their genes. It seems more likely that this phenomenon is regulated at a post-transcriptional or translational level. Alternatively, and more likely, an impairment of the biogenesis of the organelle could account for the paucity of peroxisomes in colon carcinoma. (+info)

Arachidonic acid and PGE2 regulation of hepatic lipogenic gene expression. (7/269)

N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) suppress hepatic and adipocyte de novo lipogenesis by inhibiting the transcription of genes encoding key lipogenic proteins. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, arachidonic acid (20:4,n-6) suppression of lipogenic gene expression requires cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. In this study, we found no evidence to support a role for COX-1 or -2 in the 20:4,n-6 inhibition of hepatocyte lipogenic gene expression. In contrast to L1 preadipocytes, adipocytes and rat liver, RT-PCR and Western analyses did not detect COX-1 or COX-2 expression in cultured primary hepatocytes. Moreover, the COX inhibitor, flurbiprofen, did not affect the 20:4,n-6 regulation of lipogenic gene expression in primary hepatocytes. Despite the absence of COX-1 and -2 expression in primary hepatocytes, prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2alpha) suppressed fatty acid synthase, l-pyruvate kinase, and the S14 protein mRNA, while having no effect on acyl-CoA oxidase or CYP4A2 mRNA. Using PGE2 receptor agonist, the PGE2 effect on lipogenic gene expression was linked to EP3 receptors. PGE2 inhibited S14CAT activity in transfected primary hepatocytes and targeted the S14 PUFA-response region located -220 to -80 bp upstream from the transcription start site. Taken together, these studies show that COX-1 and COX-2 do not contribute to the n-6 PUFA suppression of hepatocyte lipogenic gene expression. However, cyclooxygenase products from non-parenchymal cells can act on parenchymal cells through a paracrine process and mimic the effects of n-6 PUFA on lipogenic gene expression. (+info)

Novel form of lipolysis induced by leptin. (8/269)

Hyperleptinemia causes disappearance of body fat without a rise in free fatty acids (FFA) or ketones, suggesting that leptin can deplete adipocytes of fat without releasing FFA. To test this, we measured FFA and glycerol released from adipocytes obtained from normal lean Zucker diabetic fatty rats (+/+) and incubated for 0, 3, 6, or 24 h in either 20 ng/ml recombinant leptin or 100 nM norepinephrine (NE). Whereas NE increased both FFA and glycerol release from adipocytes of +/+ rats, leptin increased glycerol release in +/+ adipocytes without a parallel increase in FFA release. In adipocytes of obese Zucker diabetic fatty rats (fa/fa) with defective leptin receptors, NE increased both FFA and glycerol release, but leptin had no effect on either. Leptin significantly lowered the mRNA of leptin and fatty acid synthase of adipocytes (FAS) (p < 0.05), and up-regulated the mRNA of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, (CPT-1), and acyl CoA oxidase (ACO) (p < 0.05). NE (100 nM) also lowered leptin mRNA (p < 0.05) but did not affect FAS, PPARalpha, ACO, or CPT-1 expression. We conclude that in normal adipocytes leptin directly decreases FAS expression, increases PPARalpha and the enzymes of FFA oxidation, and stimulates a novel form of lipolysis in which glycerol is released without a proportional release of FFA. (+info)

This is accomplished through the activation of three thermogenic enzymes: Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Malic Enzyme and Fatty Acyl CoA Oxidase. (vitanatural.net)
Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase and glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase activities were expressed in cells grown with pimelate or benzoate, indicating the specific involvement of these enzyme activities in anaerobic degradation of these two acids. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
Glutaric aciduria type I is an inborn error of metabolism due to the deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. (ucdenver.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase" by people in this website by year, and whether "Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
The M405V allele of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene is an important marker for glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) low excretors. (ucdenver.edu)
Rodrigues MD, Seminotti B, Amaral AU, Leipnitz G, Goodman SI, Woontner M, de Souza DO, Wajner M. Experimental evidence that overexpression of NR2B glutamate receptor subunit is associated with brain vacuolation in adult glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient mice: A potential role for glutamatergic-induced excitotoxicity in GA I neuropathology. (ucdenver.edu)
An inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficient enzyme activity in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, resulting in deficiency of acetyl CoA and reduced synthesis of acetylcholine. (jefferson.edu)

fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Our approach involved peroxisomal targeting of a 3-ketothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, enoyl-CoA hydratase and PHA synthase, as well as plastid targeting of a acyl-ACP thioesterase and 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase to increase peroxisomal β-oxidation flux. (deepdyve.com)
One line with high acetoacetyl-CoA reductase and low 3-ketothiolase transcript levels had increased 3-hydroxybutyrate content, and acyl-ACP thioesterase and 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase expression were associated with altered MCL monomer profiles. (deepdyve.com)
Created page with ' Category:reaction == Reaction RXN-9538 == * direction: ** left-to-right * common-name: ** trans tetradec-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (nadph, b-specific) ** fa. (genouest.org)
Fatty alcohols, a fatty acid derivative widely used in the production of detergents and surfactants, can be produced microbially with the expression of a heterologous fatty acyl-CoA reductase. (biomedcentral.com)
Fatty acyl-CoA reductase from Marinobacter aqueolei was co-expressed with SpCas9 in R. toruloides IFO0880 and a panel of gene overexpressions and Cas9-mediated gene deletions were explored to increase the fatty alcohol production. (biomedcentral.com)
The fatty alcohol titer of fatty acyl-CoA reductase-expressing R. toruloides was significantly improved through the deletion of LRO1 , or the deletion of DGA1 combined with overexpression of ACC1 and ACL1 . (biomedcentral.com)

Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency is a disorder that causes deterioration of nervous system functions (neurodegeneration) beginning in infancy. (medlineplus.gov)
Newborns with peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency have weak muscle tone (hypotonia) and seizures. (medlineplus.gov)
Most babies with peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency learn to walk and begin speaking, but they experience a gradual loss of these skills (developmental regression), usually beginning between the ages of 1 and 3. (medlineplus.gov)
Most children with peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency do not survive past early childhood. (medlineplus.gov)
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency is a rare disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency is caused by mutations in the ACOX1 gene, which provides instructions for making an enzyme called peroxisomal straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase. (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear exactly how VLCFA accumulation leads to the specific features of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
Leukodystrophy is likely involved in the development of the neurological abnormalities that occur in peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
The higher level of plasma acetylcarnitine may reflect a stimulated mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation of fatty acids, as the hepatic activities of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1 and mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-II were higher in the FPH-fed mice. (uib.no)

ACOX1 gene mutations prevent the peroxisomal straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase enzyme from breaking down VLCFAs efficiently. (medlineplus.gov)

In the liver, the cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme system and specifically CYP1A2 metabolizes caffeine into paraxanthine to increase lipolysis and increase free fatty acids and glycerol levels in the blood, theobromine to dilate blood vessels and increase urine volume and theophylline which relaxes bronchi smooth muscles. (smpdb.ca)

Second, the mitochondrial outer membrane enzyme glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase esterifies an acyl-group to the sn-1 position of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA). (smpdb.ca)
For instance, oxidative stress caused by mitochondrial disruption, or NADPH-oxidase activation, may damage nuclear DNA, leading to PARP activation. (ourworldisblue.com)

The enzyme 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase converts LPA into phosphatidic acid (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) by esterifying an acyl-group to the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. (smpdb.ca)
Last, the enzyme diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase synthesizes triacylglycerol from diacylglycerol and a fatty acyl-CoA. (smpdb.ca)
Created page with ' Category:reaction == Reaction [http://metacyc.org/META/NEW-IMAGE?object=RXN-14277 RXN-14277] == * direction: ** reversible * common-name: ** hexanoyl-coa c-acyltransferase. (genouest.org)

Other names in common use include fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, acyl coenzyme A oxidase, and fatty acyl-coenzyme A oxidase. (wikipedia.org)

ubiquinol oxidase (H+-transporting). (holidayrecipestocook.com)

Thus we measured intramyocellular triglyceride content (IMTG) and the expression of genes of lipid oxidation [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B, and acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) oxidase 1] and synthesis (acetyl-CoA carboxylase B) using RT-PCR analysis in muscle biopsies of morbidly obese patients before and after biliopancreatic diversion. (elsevier.com)

and (v) peroxisomal downregulation, as demonstrated by levels and distribution of fatty acyl β -oxidation enzymes. (hindawi.com)
The enzymes include acyl-COA oxidase fat and malic chemical. (rethinkrobotics.com)
Fatty acyl desaturases (FADs) are the first essential enzymes that introduce double bonds in specific positions of carbon chains with strict regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. (biomedcentral.com)

The new isolate was catalase- and oxidase-positive, and had one single polar flagellum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A novel bifunctional catalase with an additional phenol oxidase activity was isolated from a thermophilic fungus, Scytalidium thermophilum. (metu.edu.tr)
Catalase and phenol oxidase activities were most stable at pH 7.0. (metu.edu.tr)
named after the German microbiologist Hans-Jürgen Busse) is a pink-coloured, aerobic, coccus-shaped , Gram-stain-positive , oxidase -positive and catalase -positive bacterium isolated from cheese made of cow´s milk . (eol.org)
Oxidase test and catalase test are positive. (eol.org)

The product of this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA oxidase family. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
Several genetic mutations, broadly categorized as defects in 2 subunits of the propionyl-CoA carboxylase gene ( PCCA and PCCB ), may give rise to varying levels of functioning propionyl-CoA carboxylase. (medscape.com)
This enzyme, which is found in biotin biosynthetic gene clusters in proteobacteria, firmicutes, green-sulfur bacteria, fusobacterium and bacteroides, carries out an enzymatic step prior to the formation of pimeloyl-CoA, namely O-methylation of the malonyl group preferentially while on acyl carrier protein. (crispr.dk)

In enzymology, an acyl-CoA oxidase (EC 1.3.3.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl-CoA + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H2O2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and O2, whereas its two products are trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA and H2O2. (wikipedia.org)

glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase. (holidayrecipestocook.com)
Molecular and Low-Resolution Structural Characterization of the Na+-Translocating Glutaconyl-CoA Decarboxylase From Clostridium symbiosum. (mpg.de)

Name": "Positioning" }, { "Language": "en", "Value": "Use this RNA preparation for studies which use natural RNA in a in vivo and in vitro protein-synthesizing system. (roche.com)
The bacterial signal transduction protein GlnB regulates the committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis by acting as a dissociable regulatory subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (embl.de)
malonyl-acyl carrier protein O-methyltransferase BioC. (crispr.dk)

This process shortens the VLCFA molecules by two carbon atoms at a time until the VLCFAs are converted to a molecule called acetyl-CoA, which is transported out of the peroxisomes for reuse by the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Degradation to glutaryl-CoA and acetyl-CoA proceeded by a sequence of β-oxidation-like reactions. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Enzyme activities responsible for further degradation of the resulting crotonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA via classical β-oxidation were also detected. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In bacteria and plant chloroplasts, the committed and rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis is catalyzed by a multi-subunit form of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme (ACC). (embl.de)
This enzyme carboxylates acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA, which in turn acts as the building block for fatty acid elongation. (embl.de)
The cyclic keto-enol insecticide spirotetramat inhibits insect and spider mite acetyl-CoA carboxylases by interfering with the carboxyltransferase partial reaction. (embl.de)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the committed and rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. (embl.de)
Two overexpression targets ( ACL1 and ACC1 , improving cytosolic acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA production, respectively) and two deletion targets (the acyltransferases DGA1 and LRO1 ) resulted in significant (1.8 to 4.4-fold) increases to the fatty alcohol titer in culture tubes. (biomedcentral.com)
With respect to their chemical structure, the metabolites of this pathway can be divided into two groups: acyl esters [acetoacetyl CoA, acetyl CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG) CoA] and phosphorylated metabolites (isopentenyl pyrophosphate, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, geranyl pyrophosphate, farnesyl pyrophosphate). (metu.edu.tr)
Example : Formation of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA in the presence of acetyl CoA carboxylase. (brainkart.com)

Prokaryotic Cytochrome C oxidase subunit IV [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

It encodes the branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase which is involved in the degradation of long branched fatty acids and bile acid intermediates in peroxisomes. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
Encodes an acyl-CoA oxidase with specificity for medium chain fatty acids. (or.jp)
Encodes a putative acyl-CoA oxidase. (or.jp)

D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (lookformedical.com)

It catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTARYL-CoA to crotonoyl-CoA using FAD as a cofactor. (ucdenver.edu)

This protocol describes a simple xanthine/xanthine oxidase enzymatic equilibration method for determination of the redox potential of a flavin. (bio-protocol.org)

Butanoyl-CoA Acetate. (cyberleninka.org)

Transcriptomes analysis revealed that many genes involved in glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and tri-acyl glyceride assembly still kept high expression in the late period of seed oil accumulation for Tree H only. (biomedcentral.com)
The continued accumulation of oil in the late period of seed oil accumulation for Tree H was associated with relatively high expression of the relevant genes in glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis and tri-acyl glyceride assembly. (biomedcentral.com)

Fatty alcohols are natively produced in many organisms as a component of natural waxes by reduction of fatty acids or fatty acyl-CoA by carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) or fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs), respectively [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Fatty acyl reductases (FARs), which are responsible for reducing fatty acyls to fatty alcohols, are essential for forming functional groups of the fatty acid derivatives [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

[15] In the hepatic PEMT route, 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) receives 2 acyl groups from acyl-CoA forming a phosphatidic acid . (wikipedia.org)

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA by transfer of the carbonyl group. (lookformedical.com)

Evidence for abnormal processing of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase leads to the diagnosis of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. (brainanddevelopment.com)
Accumulation of propionic acid apparently results in an abnormal cytochrome-c oxidase. (medscape.com)

The enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase, which requires biotin as a cofactor, catalyzes conversion of propionyl-CoA to methylmalonyl-CoA. (medscape.com)

Propionic acidemia is an autosomal recessive, inherited, metabolic disorder that is caused by a defective form of the enzyme propionyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase, which results in the accumulation of propionic acid . (medscape.com)

Fig. 2 Cigarette smoking substances up-regulate NADPH Akt and oxidase kinase actions We. (immune-source.com)

In this chapter, we specifically concentrate on the computational methods widely used to develop reversible inhibitors for monoamine oxidase (MAO) isozymes. (bvsalud.org)

Created page with ' Category:reaction == Reaction RXN-14789 == * direction: ** left-to-right * common-name: ** fatty acyl-coa oxidase ** acyl-coa oxidase * ec-number: ** [http://enzyme.expasy. (genouest.org)
In this reaction cytochrome C 1 is oxidised and cytochrome a is reduced simultaneously by the action of cytochrome C-oxidase. (brainkart.com)

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and acyl-CoAs, are metabolic regulators of many transcription factors that motivate the liver lipid metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

oleoyl-CoA = 139 reactions were found. (tu-bs.de)

Even longer chain fatty acids are derived from either dietary sources or from elongation of C16-CoA or C18-CoA formed by the cytoplasmic fatty acid synthetase system. (smpdb.ca)

ACOX1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)

Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)

Leukodystrophies | MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)

SCOPe 2.06: Domain d2ddha2: 2ddh A:475-655 (scop.berkeley.edu)

Candida parapsilosis Characterization in an Outbreak Setting - Volume 10, Number 6-June 2004 - Emerging Infectious Diseases... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)

QPrEST ACOX1 Mass Spectrometry Protein Standard - Buy for research - Atlas Antibodies (atlasantibodies.com)

Frontiers | Effects of Nigella sativa, Camellia sinensis, and Allium sativum as Food Additives on Metabolic Disorders, a... (frontiersin.org)

ISMARA results: TCF21 (ismara.unibas.ch)

Molecular mechanism of the extended oil accumulation phase contributing to the high seed oil content for the genotype of tung... (bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com)

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) - an unproved supplement | Leaders in Pharmaceutical Business Intelligence (LPBI) Group (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Ligand view of lauroyl-CoA (718 - YMCXGHLSVALICC-GMHMEAMDSA-N) - BRENDA Enzyme Database (brenda-enzymes.org)

GeneLoc Integrated Map for Chromosome 17: Search Results (genecards.weizmann.ac.il)

Anaerobic degradation of pimelate by newly isolated denitrifying bacteria | Microbiology Society (microbiologyresearch.org)

Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders: MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)

ISMARA results: FOXO4 (ismara.unibas.ch)

Gyongyi Szabo, Ph.D., M.D. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst (connects.catalyst.harvard.edu)

ISMARA results: FOXO1,3,4.p2 (ismara.unibas.ch)

CMonkey bicluster summary for run cmonkey_4.1.5_sce_4478x667_09_Oct_09_04:03:18 (baliga.systemsbiology.net)

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Frontiers | Beneficial effects of bempedoic acid treatment in polycystic kidney disease cells and mice (frontiersin.org)

Cloning and analysis of a putative high affinity nitrate transporter from barley : Rothamsted Research (repository.rothamsted.ac.uk)

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Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for 3-Methylglutarylcarnitine (HMDB0000552) (hmdb.ca)

Multi-organism reproductive process - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database (rgd.mcw.edu)

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Acyl-CoA Oxidase

Acyl Coenzyme A

Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase

Sterol O-Acyltransferase

NADPH Oxidase

Acyltransferases

Coenzyme A

Coenzyme A Ligases

The peroxisome proliferator (PP) response element upstream of the human acyl CoA oxidase gene is inactive among a sample human population: significance for species differences in response to PPs. (1/269)

Oxidation of medium-chain acyl-CoA esters by extracts of Aspergillus niger: enzymology and characterization of intermediates by HPLC. (2/269)

Beneficial effects of fibrates on apolipoprotein A-I metabolism occur independently of any peroxisome proliferative response. (3/269)

Absence of spontaneous peroxisome proliferation in enoyl-CoA Hydratase/L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient mouse liver. Further support for the role of fatty acyl CoA oxidase in PPARalpha ligand metabolism. (4/269)

Activation of flavin-containing oxidases underlies light-induced production of H2O2 in mammalian cells. (5/269)

Impairment of peroxisomal biogenesis in human colon carcinoma. (6/269)

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Dehydrogenase9

Reductase7

Peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxi9

ACOX11

Cytochrome P450 ox1

Mitochondrial2

Acyltransferase3

Coenzyme A oxidase1

Ubiquinol oxidase1

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase1

Enzymes3

Catalase5