Acyl carrier protein. Medical search

Consists of a polypeptide chain and 4'-phosphopantetheine linked to a serine residue by a phosphodiester bond. Acyl groups are bound as thiol esters to the pantothenyl group. Acyl carrier protein is involved in every step of fatty acid synthesis by the cytoplasmic system.

An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.

The form of fatty acid synthase complex found in BACTERIA; FUNGI; and PLANTS. Catalytic steps are like the animal form but the protein structure is different with dissociated enzymes encoded by separate genes. It is a target of some ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS which result in disruption of the CELL MEMBRANE and CELL WALL.

An enzyme of long-chain fatty acid synthesis, that adds a two-carbon unit from malonyl-(acyl carrier protein) to another molecule of fatty acyl-(acyl carrier protein), giving a beta-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) with the release of carbon dioxide. EC 2.3.1.41.

Large enzyme complexes composed of a number of component enzymes that are found in STREPTOMYCES which biosynthesize MACROLIDES and other polyketides.

This enzyme catalyzes the transacylation of malonate from MALONYL CoA to activated holo-ACP, to generate malonyl-(acyl-carrier protein), which is an elongation substrate in FATTY ACIDS biosynthesis. It is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of FATTY ACIDS in all BACTERIA.

Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA derivatives.

A class of enzymes that transfers substituted phosphate groups. EC 2.7.8.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

A 3-oxoacyl reductase that has specificity for ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN-derived FATTY ACIDS.

A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.

An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] to trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. It has a preference for acyl groups with a carbon chain length between 4 to 16.

Enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by the formation of a carbon-sulfur bond. EC 6.2.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.

A diphenyl ether derivative used in cosmetics and toilet soaps as an antiseptic. It has some bacteriostatic and fungistatic action.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.

A genus of gram-positive bacteria whose spores are round to oval and covered by a sheath.

The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS).

S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Compounds based on ANTHRACENES which contain two KETONES in any position. Substitutions can be in any position except on the ketone groups.

A plant genus of the family APIACEAE. The leaves are the source of cilantro and the seeds are the source of coriander, both of which are used in SPICES.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL CoA to acyl-carrier protein to form COENZYME A and acetyl-acyl-carrier protein.

Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.

An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.

Polyacenes with four ortho-fused benzene rings in a straight linear arrangement. This group is best known for the subclass called TETRACYCLINES.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Ligases that catalyze the joining of adjacent AMINO ACIDS by the formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds between their carboxylic acid groups and amine groups.

Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.

A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

Natural compounds containing alternating carbonyl and methylene groups (beta-polyketones), bioenergenetically derived from repeated condensation of acetyl coenzyme A via malonyl coenzyme A, in a process similar to fatty acid synthesis.

The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.

An enzyme that transfers acyl groups from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form monoglyceride phosphates. It acts only with CoA derivatives of fatty acids of chain length above C-10. Also forms diglyceride phosphates. EC 2.3.1.15.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

A plant genus of the family Cruciferae. It contains many species and cultivars used as food including cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, Brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens, MUSTARD PLANT; (B. alba, B. junica, and B. nigra), turnips (BRASSICA NAPUS) and rapeseed (BRASSICA RAPA).

Enzymes that catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond leading to unsaturated products via the removal of water. EC 4.2.1.

Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.

A soil-dwelling actinomycete with a complex lifecycle involving mycelial growth and spore formation. It is involved in the production of a number of medically important ANTIBIOTICS.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.

Effect of cold shock on lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Induction At 12 degrees C of an acyltransferase specific for palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein. (1/346)

Palmitoleate is not present in lipid A isolated from Escherichia coli grown at 30 degrees C or higher, but it comprises approximately 11% of the fatty acyl chains of lipid A in cells grown at 12 degrees C. The appearance of palmitoleate at 12 degrees C is accompanied by a decline in laurate from approximately 18% to approximately 5.5%. We now report that wild-type E. coli shifted from 30 degrees C to 12 degrees C acquire a novel palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent acyltransferase that acts on the key lipid A precursor Kdo2-lipid IVA. The palmitoleoyl transferase is induced more than 30-fold upon cold shock, as judged by assaying extracts of cells shifted to 12 degrees C. The induced activity is maximal after 2 h of cold shock, and then gradually declines but does not disappear. Strains harboring an insertion mutation in the lpxL(htrB) gene, which encodes the enzyme that normally transfers laurate from lauroyl-ACP to Kdo2-lipid IVA (Clementz, T., Bednarski, J. J., and Raetz, C. R. H. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12095-12102) are not defective in the cold-induced palmitoleoyl transferase. Recently, a gene displaying 54% identity and 73% similarity at the protein level to lpxL was found in the genome of E. coli. This lpxL homologue, designated lpxP, encodes the cold shock-induced palmitoleoyl transferase. Extracts of cells containing lpxP on the multicopy plasmid pSK57 exhibit a 10-fold increase in the specific activity of the cold-induced palmitoleoyl transferase compared with cells lacking the plasmid. The elevated specific activity of the palmitoleoyl transferase under conditions of cold shock is attributed to greatly increased levels of lpxP mRNA. The replacement of laurate with palmitoleate in lipid A may reflect the desirability of maintaining the optimal outer membrane fluidity at 12 degrees C. (+info)

Acyl homoserine-lactone quorum-sensing signal generation. (2/346)

Acyl homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) are important intercellular signaling molecules used by many bacteria to monitor their population density in quorum-sensing control of gene expression. These signals are synthesized by members of the LuxI family of proteins. To understand the mechanism of acyl-HSL synthesis we have purified the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI protein and analyzed the kinetics of acyl-HSL synthesis by this enzyme. Purified RhlI catalyzes the synthesis of acyl-HSLs from acyl-acyl carrier proteins and S-adenosylmethionine. An analysis of the patterns of product inhibition indicated that RhlI catalyzes signal synthesis by a sequential, ordered reaction mechanism in which S-adenosylmethionine binds to RhlI as the initial step in the enzymatic mechanism. Because pathogenic bacteria such as P. aeruginosa use acyl-HSL signals to regulate virulence genes, an understanding of the mechanism of signal synthesis and identification of inhibitors of signal synthesis has implications for development of quorum sensing-targeted antivirulence molecules. (+info)

Aminoacyl-CoAs as probes of condensation domain selectivity in nonribosomal peptide synthesis. (3/346)

In nonribosomal biosynthesis of peptide antibiotics by multimodular synthetases, amino acid monomers are activated by the adenylation domains of the synthetase and loaded onto the adjacent carrier protein domains as thioesters, then the formation of peptide bonds and translocation of the growing chain are effected by the synthetase's condensation domains. Whether the condensation domains have any editing function has been unknown. Synthesis of aminoacyl-coenzyme A (CoA) molecules and direct enzymatic transfer of aminoacyl-phosphopantetheine to the carrier domains allow the adenylation domain editing function to be bypassed. This method was used to demonstrate that the first condensation domain of tyrocidine synthetase shows low selectivity at the donor residue (D-phenylalanine) and higher selectivity at the acceptor residue (L-proline) in the formation of the chain-initiating D-Phe-L-Pro dipeptidyl-enzyme intermediate. (+info)

The pro1(+) gene from Sordaria macrospora encodes a C6 zinc finger transcription factor required for fruiting body development. (4/346)

During sexual morphogenesis, the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora differentiates into multicellular fruiting bodies called perithecia. Previously it has been shown that this developmental process is under polygenic control. To further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in fruiting body formation, we generated the protoperithecia forming mutant pro1, in which the normal development of protoperithecia into perithecia has been disrupted. We succeeded in isolating a cosmid clone from an indexed cosmid library, which was able to complement the pro1(-) mutation. Deletion analysis, followed by DNA sequencing, subsequently demonstrated that fertility was restored to the pro1 mutant by an open reading frame encoding a 689-amino-acid polypeptide, which we named PRO1. A region from this polypeptide shares significant homology with the DNA-binding domains found in fungal C6 zinc finger transcription factors, such as the GAL4 protein from yeast. However, other typical regions of C6 zinc finger proteins, such as dimerization elements, are absent in PRO1. The involvement of the pro1(+) gene in fruiting body development was further confirmed by trying to complement the mutant phenotype with in vitro mutagenized and truncated versions of the pro1 open reading frame. Southern hybridization experiments also indicated that pro1(+) homologues are present in other sexually propagating filamentous ascomycetes. (+info)

Kinetic analysis of the actinorhodin aromatic polyketide synthase. (5/346)

Type II polyketide synthases (PKSs) are bacterial multienzyme systems that catalyze the biosynthesis of a broad range of natural products. A core set of subunits, consisting of a ketosynthase, a chain length factor, an acyl carrier protein (ACP) and possibly a malonyl CoA:ACP transacylase (MAT) forms a "minimal" PKS. They generate a poly-beta-ketone backbone of a specified length from malonyl-CoA derived building blocks. Here we (a) report on the kinetic properties of the actinorhodin minimal PKS, and (b) present further data in support of the requirement of the MAT. Kinetic analysis showed that the apoACP is a competitive inhibitor of minimal PKS activity, demonstrating the importance of protein-protein interactions between the polypeptide moiety of the ACP and the remainder of the minimal PKS. In further support of the requirement of MAT for PKS activity, two new findings are presented. First, we observe hyperbolic dependence of PKS activity on MAT concentration, saturating at very low amounts (half-maximal rate at 19.7 +/- 5.1 nM). Since MAT can support PKS activity at less than 1/100 the typical concentration of the ACP and ketosynthase/chain length factor components, it is difficult to rule out the presence of trace quantities of MAT in a PKS reaction mixture. Second, an S97A mutant was constructed at the nucleophilic active site of the MAT. Not only can this mutant protein support PKS activity, it is also covalently labeled by [(14)C]malonyl-CoA, demonstrating that the serine nucleophile (which has been the target of PMSF inhibition in earlier studies) is dispensible for MAT activity in a Type II PKS system. (+info)

Characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa fatty acid biosynthetic gene cluster: purification of acyl carrier protein (ACP) and malonyl-coenzyme A:ACP transacylase (FabD). (6/346)

A DNA fragment containing the Pseudomonas aeruginosa fabD (encoding malonyl-coenzyme A [CoA]:acyl carrier protein [ACP] transacylase), fabG (encoding beta-ketoacyl-ACP reductase), acpP (encoding ACP), and fabF (encoding beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II) genes was cloned and sequenced. This fab gene cluster is delimited by the plsX (encoding a poorly understood enzyme of phospholipid metabolism) and pabC (encoding 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase) genes; the fabF and pabC genes seem to be translationally coupled. The fabH gene (encoding beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III), which in most gram-negative bacteria is located between plsX and fabD, is absent from this gene cluster. A chromosomal temperature-sensitive fabD mutant was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis that resulted in a W258Q change. A chromosomal fabF insertion mutant was generated, and the resulting mutant strain contained substantially reduced levels of cis-vaccenic acid. Multiple attempts aimed at disruption of the chromosomal fabG gene were unsuccessful. We purified FabD as a hexahistidine fusion protein (H6-FabD) and ACP in its native form via an ACP-intein-chitin binding domain fusion protein, using a novel expression and purification scheme that should be applicable to ACP from other bacteria. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization spectroscopy, native polyacrylamide electrophoresis, and amino-terminal sequencing revealed that (i) most of the purified ACP was properly modified with its 4'-phosphopantetheine functional group, (ii) it was not acylated, and (iii) the amino-terminal methionine was removed. In an in vitro system, purified ACP functioned as acyl acceptor and H(6)-FabD exhibited malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase activity. (+info)

Heterologous expression, purification, reconstitution and kinetic analysis of an extended type II polyketide synthase. (7/346)

BACKGROUND: Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are bacterial multienzyme systems that synthesize a broad range of natural products. The 'minimal' PKS consists of a ketosynthase, a chain length factor, an acyl carrier protein and a malonyl transferase. Auxiliary components (ketoreductases, aromatases and cyclases are involved in controlling the oxidation level and cyclization of the nascent polyketide chain. We describe the heterologous expression and reconstitution of several auxiliary PKS components including the actinorhodin ketoreductase (act KR), the griseusin aromatase/cyclase (gris ARO/CYC), and the tetracenomycin aromatase/cyclase (tcm ARO/CYC). RESULTS: The polyketide products of reconstituted act and tcm PKSs were identical to those identified in previous in vivo studies. Although stable protein-protein interactions were not detected between minimal and auxiliary PKS components, kinetic analysis revealed that the extended PKS comprised of the act minimal PKS, the act KR and the gris ARO/CYC had a higher turnover number than the act minimal PKS plus the act KR or the act minimal PKS alone. Adding the tcm ARO/CYC to the tcm minimal PKS also increased the overall rate. CONCLUSIONS: Until recently the principal strategy for functional analysis of PKS subunits was through heterologous expression of recombinant PKSs in Streptomyces. Our results corroborate the implicit assumption that the product isolated from whole-cell systems is the dominant product of the PKS. They also suggest that an intermediate is channeled between the various subunits, and pave the way for more detailed structural and mechanistic analysis of these multienzyme systems. (+info)

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a cotton palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase. (8/346)

A cotton genomic clone containing a 17.4-kb DNA segment was found to encompass a palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase (Fat B1) gene. The gene spans 3.6 kb with six exons and five introns, and is apparently the first plant FatB acyl-ACP thioesterase gene to be completely sequenced. The six exons are identical in nucleotide sequence to the open reading frame of the corresponding cDNA, and would encode a preprotein of 413 amino acids. The preprotein can clearly be identified as a FatB acyl-ACP thioesterase from its similarity to the deduced amino acid sequences of other FatB thioesterase preproteins. A 5'-flanking region of 914 bp was sequenced, with the potential TATA basal promoter 324 bp upstream from the ATG initiation codon. The 5'-flanking sequence also has a putative CAAT box and two presumptive basic region helixloop-helix (bHLH) elements with the consensus motif CANNTG (termed an E box), implicated as being a positive regulatory element in seed-specific gene expression. (+info)

Elovson, J.; Vagelos, P. R. (July 1968). "Acyl carrier protein. X. Acyl carrier protein synthetase". J. Biol. Chem. 243 (13): ... Acyl carrier proteins (ACP) (such as ACP synthase and ACP degradation) are also used to produce 4′-phosphopantetheine. This ... Strickland, K. C.; Hoeferlin, L. A.; Oleinik, N. V.; Krupenko, N. I.; Krupenko, S. A. (January 2010). "Acyl carrier protein- ... is also the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_A

Fatty acid synthase Pantothenic acid Elovson J, Vagelos PR (July 1968). "Acyl carrier protein. X. Acyl carrier protein ... is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACPs ... the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP), as well as aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). It is ... Subsequent to the expression of the apo acyl carrier protein, 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety is attached to a serine residue. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphopantetheine

Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MCAT gene. The ... Malonyltransferase and acyl carrier protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (41): 40067-74. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... where it catalyzes the transfer of a malonyl group from malonyl-CoA to the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein. The encoded ... The human Malonyl CoA-acel carrier protein transacylase in human mitochondria associates with respiratory complex one, such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCAT_(gene)

... acyl-carrier-protein] reductase, beta-hydroxyacyl-[acylcarrier-protein] dehydrase, and enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase ... 3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + NADP+ ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + ... Other names in common use include beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein](ACP) reductase, beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein (ACP ... beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, 3-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase, 3-ketoacyl ACP reductase, NADPH- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Ketoacyl_ACP_reductase

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) binds to the TGS domain of SpoT; this binding is probably influenced by the ratio of unacylated ... In E. coli, SpoT protein consists of 693 amino acids. SpoT belongs to the RSH protein family. It is bifunctional, has both ... SpoT is a bacterial protein that hydrolizes alarmones, (p)ppGpp, in the bacterial stringent response. Its hydrolase activity is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpoT

2010). "Acyl carrier protein-specific 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase activates 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALDH1L2

Ohlrogge JB, Kuhn DN, Stumpf PK (March 1979). "Subcellular localization of acyl carrier protein in leaf protoplasts of Spinacia ... Proteins can associate to form protein complexes, these often contain a set of proteins with similar functions, such as enzymes ... such as when multiple proteins come together to form protein complexes, or when DNA-binding proteins bind to their targets in ... Protein molecules that do not bind to cell membranes or the cytoskeleton are dissolved in the cytosol. The amount of protein in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytosol

Price AC, Choi KH, Heath RJ, Li Z, White SW, Rock CO (March 2001). "Inhibition of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases ... Mammalian nonspecific lipid-transfer protein (nsL-TP) (also known as sterol carrier protein 2) is a protein which seems to ... or acyl carrier protein (ACP). All thiolases, whether they are biosynthetic or degradative in vivo, preferentially catalyze the ... "Similarity between the amino-terminal portion of mammalian 58-kD sterol carrier protein (SCPx) and Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiolase

The mupirocin pathway also contains several tandem acyl carrier protein doublets or triplets. This may be an adaptation to ... These AT domains are the only domains present on MmpC, while the other three type I PKS proteins contain no AT domains. ... MupE is a single-domain protein that shows sequence similarity to known ER domains and may complete the reaction. It also ... Depletion of isoleucyl-tRNA results in inhibition of protein synthesis. The uncharged form of the tRNA binds to the aminoacyl- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mupirocin

... acyl-carrier protein] + a malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] → a 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + an [acyl-carrier protein ... acyl-carrier protein] + malonyl-[acyl-carrier protein] → (Z)-3-oxooctadec-13-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + CO2 + [acyl-carrier ... acyl transferase (MAT/AT), and a phosphopantethienylated acyl carrier protein (ACP) or coenzymeA (CoA). They also both used a ... "BRENDA - Information on EC 2.3.1.41 - beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase I". www.brenda-enzymes.org. Retrieved 2016- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketoacyl_synthase

Cronan, John E. (2014). "The Chain-Flipping Mechanism of ACP (Acyl Carrier Protein)-Dependent enzymes Appears Universal". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantetheine

Abbreviations: ACP - Acyl carrier protein, CoA - Coenzyme A, NADP - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Note that ... to give a fatty acyl-adenylate, which then reacts with free coenzyme A to give a fatty acyl-CoA molecule. In order for the acyl ... Acyl-carnitine is converted back to acyl-CoA by carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, located on the interior face of the inner ... PKC is a multifunctional protein kinase which phosphorylates serine and threonine residues in many target proteins. However PKC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_metabolism

"Protein-protein recognition between acyltransferases and acyl carrier proteins in multimodular polyketide synthases". ... or Acyl Carrier Protein. However, in fatty acid synthesis the original molecules are Acyl-CoA or Malonyl-CoA but poyketide ... The DEBS complex also contains a Loading Domain on module 1 consisting of an acyl carrier protein and an acyltransferase. The ... Each module consists of a minimum of a Ketosynthase (KS), Acyl carrier protein (ACP) site, and acyltransferase (AT), but may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythronolide_synthase

... acyl carrier protein). The acyl chain is taken from primary metabolism as a 3-oxoacyl-CoA thioester. The glyceryl-S-ACP and 3- ... Sun, Yuhui; Hong, Hui; Gillies, Fraser; Spencer, Jonathan B.; Leadlay, Peter F. (2008). "Glyceryl-S-Acyl Carrier Protein as an ... The members of the agglomerins differ only in the composition of the acyl chain attached to the tetronate ring. They possess ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomerin

Ghattas, M. A.; Mansour, R. A.; Atatreh, N.; Bryce, R. A., Analysis of Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase Structure and ... Computeraided discovery of antimicrobial agents as potential enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors. Tropical Journal ... Ghattas, M. A.; Raslan, N.; Sadeq, A.; Sorkhy, M. A.; Atatreh, N., Druggability analysis and classification of protein tyrosine ... Ghattas, M. A.; Atatreh, N.; Bichenkova, E. V.; Bryce, R. A., Protein tyrosine phosphatases: Ligand interaction analysis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor_Aldeen_Atatreh

... the smallest δ subunit as an acyl-carrier protein". J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 30: 132-137. Hoenke S, Schmid M, Dimroth P (June ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin-independent_malonate_decarboxylase

... I Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthase III 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) ... acyl-carrier-protein) synthase III (FabH)". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 112 (8): 1613-1622. doi:10.1002/bit.25583. ISSN ... acyl-carrier-protein) synthase III (FabH)". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 112 (8): 1613-22. doi:10.1002/bit.25583. PMID ... and genetic studies of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases I and II of Escherichia coli". Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-ketoacyl-ACP_synthase

These include the acyl carrier protein (ACP), acetyl transferase (AT), ketosynthase (KS), malonyl transferase (MT; which can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annonacin

A Battesti; E Bouveret (2006). "Acyl carrier protein/SpoT interaction, the switch linking SpoT-dependent stress response to ... In Escherichia coli, (p)ppGpp production is mediated by the ribosomal protein L11 (rplK resp. relC) and the ribosome-associated ... Translational GTPases involved in protein biosynthesis are also affected by ppGpp, with Initiation Factor 2 (IF2) being the ... proteins, with some having only synthetic, or hydrolytic or both (Rel) activities. During the stringent response, (p)ppGpp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stringent_response

Examples include malonyl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, cinnamoyl-CoA, and acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters. ... In addition, thioesters play an important role in the tagging of proteins with ubiquitin, which tags the protein for ... McGrath, N. A.; Raines, R. T. (2011). "Chemoselectivity in chemical biology: Acyl transfer reactions with sulfur and selenium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioester

Plant stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase (EC 1.14.19.1), an enzyme that catalyzes the introduction of a double bond at ... Shanklin J, Somerville C (March 1991). "Stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase from higher plants is structurally unrelated ... Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are enzymes that catalyze formation of a double bond between C2 (α) and C3 (β) of the acyl-CoA ... Thorpe C, Kim JJ (June 1995). "Structure and mechanism of action of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases". FASEB Journal. 9 (9): 718-25 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_desaturase

Synthase Acyltransferase Domain Structure Suggests a Recognition Mechanism for Its Hydroxymalonyl-Acyl Carrier Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyrolactol_A

An interesting link to an unusual acyl carrier protein" (PDF). Biopolymers. 93 (9): 811-22. doi:10.1002/bip.21482. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingomonas_wittichii

Very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-(acyl-carrier protein) dehydratase Icosanoyl-CoA synthase Jump, D. B. (2009). "Mammalian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elongase

March 2011). "Tandem acyl carrier proteins in the curacin biosynthetic pathway promote consecutive multienzyme reactions with a ... CurA contains a unique GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) loading domain and an associated acyl carrier protein (ACP). The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curacin_A

Identification and Functional Characterization of Bombyx mori Acyl Carrier Protein". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2: 92. doi: ... The bombykol acyl precursor (10E,12Z)-10,12-hexadecadienoate is primarily found as a triacylglycerol ester in the cytoplasmic ... Bombykol is known to be derived from acetyl-CoA via the C-16 fatty acyl palmitoyl-CoA. Palmitoyl-CoA is converted to bombykol ... In vivo it appears that bombykol is the natural ligand for a pheromone binding protein, BmorPBP, which escorts the pheromone to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombykol

... binds to bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) enzyme, which is encoded by the gene fabI. This binding ... van den Berg, M; van Birgelen, A; Birnbaum, L; Brouwer, B; Carrier, G; Dragan, Y; Farland, W; Feeley, M; Fýrst, P; Galli, CL; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triclosan

Each addition is catalyzed by the "minimal PKS" consisting of an acyl carrier protein (ACP), a ketosynthase (KS)/chain length ... 2005). "Self-malonylation is an intrinsic property of a chemically synthesized type II polyketide synthase acyl carrier protein ... acyl carrier protein synthase III that specifies the propionate-starter unit for type II polyketide biosynthesis". Biochemistry ... Gandlur SM, Wei L, Levine J, Russell J, Kaur P (2004). "Membrane topology of the DrrB protein of the doxorubicin transporter of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis_of_doxorubicin

... acyl carrier protein] + CoA + CO2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein], ... acyl-carrier-protein] synthase III (EC 2.3.1.180) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl ... β-Ketoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase III is involved in the dissociated (or type II) fatty-acid biosynthesis system that ... Ashek A, Cho SJ (March 2006). "A combined approach of docking and 3D QSAR study of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-ketoacyl-ACP_synthase_III

It begins with the loading of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acetate from acetyl-CoA, yielding intermediate 1. This is ... It binds directly in the pore of the channel protein, occluding the opening, and preventing the flow of sodium ions through the ... It exists as integral membrane proteins interspersed along the axon of a neuron and possessing four domains that span the cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxitoxin

Atromentin and leucomelone possess antibacterial activity, inhibiting the enzyme enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, ( ... S. pneumoniae resides asymptomatically in healthy carriers typically colonizing the respiratory tract, sinuses, and nasal ... and Maclyn McCarty demonstrated that the transforming factor in Griffith's experiment was not protein, as was widely believed ... pneumoniae is associated with increased resistance to oxidative stress and increased expression of the RecA protein, a key ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae

MeSH Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein)+reductase+(NADPH,+A-specific). *п. *р. *у ... Enoil-(acil-nosilac-protein) reduktaza (NADPH, A-specifična) (EC 1.3.1.39, acil-ACP dehidrogenaza, enoil-(acil nosilac protein ... acil-[acil-nosilac protein] + NADP+ ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. trans-2,3-dehidroacil-[acil-nosilac protein] + ... acil-nosilac-protein) reduktaza (NADPH2, A-specifična), acil-(acil-nosilac-protein):NADP+ oksidoreduktaza (A-specifična)) je ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoil-

Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase. *7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase. *Biliverdin reductase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-alkenal_reductase

... some lipid-binding proteins are able to insert themselves into membranes and could hypothetically recognise the type of acyl ... A major event in the budding of vesicles, such as transport carriers from the Golgi, is the creation and subsequent narrowing ... anchored proteins: GPI-anchored proteins in liposomes and cells show similar behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Perhaps the different acyl chains can affect the angle of the head-group in the membrane. If this is the case, it suggests that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid

The phosphate carrier (PiC) mediates the electroneutral exchange (antiport) of phosphate (H2PO4−; Pi) for OH− or symport of ... When this protein is active in the inner membrane it short circuits the coupling between the electron transport chain and ATP ... An uncoupling protein known as thermogenin is expressed in some cell types and is a channel that can transport protons. ... Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are consumed as reactants, it is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_respiration

enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (NADPH, B-specific) Ja 1.3.1.20 trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase Ja ...

https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidoreductase

Ethylene is perceived by a family of five transmembrane protein dimers such as the ETR1 protein in Arabidopsis. The genes ... It is primarily used to make films in packaging, carrier bags and trash liners. Linear alpha-olefins, produced by ... The effects of salinity have been studied on Arabidopsis plants that have mutated ERS1 and EIN4 proteins.[36] These proteins ... Central membrane proteins in plants, such as ETO2, ERS1 and EIN2, are used for ethylene signaling in many plant growth ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اتیلن?match=en

Acetylation of cellular proteins is a well-established phenomenon in the regulation of protein function at the post- ... The conjugate with the acetyl group intact is referred to as the acyl glucuronide; the deacetylated conjugate is the phenolic ... by diffusing from the inner membrane space as a proton carrier back into the mitochondrial matrix, where it ionizes once again ... Protein binding. 80-90%[1]. Metabolism. Liver, (CYP2C19 and possibly CYP3A), some is also hydrolysed to salicylate in the gut ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid

The carnitine also assists in the removal of acyl-CoA, buildup of which is common in low-protein diets by converting it into ... The parents of a child with an autosomal recessive disorder are carriers of one copy of the defective gene, but are usually not ... If the triggering proteins and fats are not removed from the diet, this buildup can lead to irreparable kidney or liver damage ... It is estimated that as many as 60% of cases are the result of a mutated MUT gene which encodes the protein methylmalonyl CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylmalonic_acidemia

... nuclear located protein kinase C and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase". 》Frontiers in Bioscience》 13 (13): 1206-26. doi: ... Yashroy RC (1987). "13C NMR studies of lipid fatty acyl chains of chloroplast membranes". 》Indian Journal of Biochemistry and ... "Characterization of the unidirectional transport of carnitine catalyzed by the reconstituted carnitine carrier from rat liver ... Parodi AJ, Leloir LF (April 1979). "The role of lipid intermediates in the glycosylation of proteins in the eucaryotic cell". 》 ...

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/지질_

... is a human gene coding for the protein product FABP1 (Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 1). It is also frequently known as liver ... Carriers of this particular single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) exhibit higher baseline plasma-free fatty acid levels, lower ... bile acids and fatty acyl CoA. It has been proposed that FABP1 plays a significant role in preventing cytotoxicity by binding ... Altered expression of the protein has been linked to metabolic conditions including obesity. The fatty acid-binding proteins ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FABP1

transferase activity, transferring acyl groups, acyl groups converted into alkyl on transfer. • citrate (Si)-synthase activity ... RCSB Protein Data Bank. doi:10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2007_9.. ; PDB: 1CSC, 5CSC, 5CTS ... 2.3.1: other than amino-acyl groups. *acetyltransferases: Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase ... This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.[11] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrate_synthase

See Gas carrier § Health effects of specific cargoes carried on gas carriers for more information. ... Acyl chlorides are the most reactive, but the ammonia must be present in at least a twofold excess to neutralise the hydrogen ... Therefore, nitrogen fixation is required for the synthesis of amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. Some ... See also Gas carrier and Bottled gas. *^ "Ammonium hydroxide physical properties" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia

Biotin carboxylase (BC) activity, biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and carboxyl transferase (CT) activity are each ... is produced which is a building block for new fatty acids and can inhibit the transfer of the fatty acyl group from acyl CoA to ... This protein may use the morpheein model of allosteric regulation.[20] Clinical implications[edit]. At the juncture of lipid ... Protein kinase A also has the ability to phosphorylate ACC, with a much greater ability to phosphorylate ACC2 than ACC1. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA_carboxylase

Acyl carrier protein. *Adaptor protein. *Cholesterylester transfer protein. *F-box protein. *GTP-binding protein ... Types of G protein signaling[edit]. G protein can refer to two distinct families of proteins. Heterotrimeric G proteins, ... G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside ... Heterotrimeric G proteins[edit]. Main article: Heterotrimeric G proteins. Different types of heterotrimeric G proteins share a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-proteins

These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, ... Identification of a new 2-methyl branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 258 (2): 1066-76. PMID 6401712. ... Within the inner mitochondrial membrane, the lipid-soluble electron carrier coenzyme Q10 (Q) carries both electrons and protons ... Within proteins, electrons are transferred between flavin cofactors,[4][12] iron-sulfur clusters, and cytochromes. There are ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_phosphorylation

3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein synthase activity]. • acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein hydrolase activity]. • hydrolase activity. • ... enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein reductase (NADPH, B-specific) activity]. • protein binding. • 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein ... acyl-carrier-protein dehydratase activity]. • protein homodimerization activity. • catalytic activity. • [acyl-carrier-protein ... acyl-carrier-protein S-malonyltransferase activity]. • 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein dehydratase activity]. • fatty acid ...

https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASN

Kinases are the most common ATP-binding proteins. They share a small number of common folds.[22] Phosphorylation of a protein ... Dozens of ATP equivalents are generated by the beta-oxidation of a single long acyl chain.[20] The acetyl-CoA produced by beta- ... However, it is also necessary to transport phosphate into the mitochondrion; the phosphate carrier moves a proton in with each ... The protein has two binding sites for ATP - the active site is accessible in either protein conformation, but ATP binding to ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate

Elovson J, Vagelos PR (1968). „Acyl carrier protein. X. Acyl carrier protein synthetase". J. Biol. Chem. 243 (13): 3603-11. ... Strickland KC, Hoeferlin LA, Oleinik NV, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA (2010). „Acyl carrier protein-specific 4'-phosphopantetheinyl ... što je acil prenosni protein i formiltetrahidrofolat dehidrogenaza.[6][7] ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koenzim_A

The triglycerides are coated with cholesterol and protein (protein coat) into a compound called a chylomicron. ... "Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency". Medscape.. *^ Beermann, C.; Jelinek, J.; Reinecker, T.; Hauenschild, A.; ... "Small molecular drug transfer across the blood-brain barrier via carrier-mediated transport systems". NeuroRx. 2 (1): 54-62. ... FFAs are always bound to a transport protein, such as albumin.[17] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight-chain_fatty_acid

... and in eukaryotic protein N-glycosylation.[81][82] Cardiolipins are a subclass of glycerophospholipids containing four acyl ... "Characterization of the unidirectional transport of carnitine catalyzed by the reconstituted carnitine carrier from rat liver ... Triglyceride synthesis takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum by metabolic pathways in which acyl groups in fatty acyl-CoAs ... nuclear located protein kinase C and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase". Frontiers in Bioscience. 13 (13): 1206-26. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase. *7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase. *Biliverdin reductase ... Human protein Protein description from UniProt Pfam family with Human protein 1. SdhA. SDHA_HUMAN. Succinate dehydrogenase [ ... Historically, the SdhE protein was once considered a hypothetical protein.[9] YgfY was also thought to be involved in ... In molecular biology, the protein domain named Sdh5 is also named SdhE which stands for succinate dehydrogenase protein E. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinate_dehydrogenase

protein homodimerization activity. • kynureninase activity. • catalytic activity. • pyridoxal phosphate binding. • hydrolase ... This is followed by Cβ-Cγ bond cleavage to generate an acyl-enzyme intermediate together with a tautomerized Ala-PLP adduct. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kynureninase

Palmitoylation is important for membrane localisation of many proteins. Applications[edit]. Palmitic acid is used to produce a ... which in turn is used to add to the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation.[15] In biology, some ... has been synthesized using the oily palmitate ester as a long-acting release carrier medium when injected intramuscularly. The ... proteins are modified by the addition of a palmitoyl group in a process known as palmitoylation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitate

The acyl carrier protein of lipid synthesis donates lipoic acid to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in Escherichia coli and ... in vitro biosynthesis of lipoylated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from octanoyl-acyl carrier protein". Biochemistry 39: 15166- ... protein N6-(oktanoil)lizin + 2 sumpor + 2 S-adenozil-L-metionin ⇌. {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }. protein N6-(lipoil) ... Lipoil sintaza (EC 2.8.1.8, LS, LipA, lipoat sintaza, protein 6-N-(oktanoil)lizin:sumpor sumportransferaza) je enzim sa ...

https://sh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipoil_sintaza

... (symbol His or H)[2] is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group ( ... The histidine-bound heme group of succinate dehydrogenase, an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. ... The acyl radical is histidyl. Contents. *1 Chemical properties *1.1 NMR and tautomerism ... Institute of Medicine (2002). "Protein and Amino Acids". Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrates, Fiber, Fat, Fatty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-Histidine

Protein and organic cofactorsEdit. Sulfur is an essential component of all living cells. It is either the seventh or eighth ... In intracellular chemistry, sulfur operates as a carrier of reducing hydrogen and its electrons for cellular repair of ... Many important cellular enzymes use prosthetic groups ending with -SH moieties to handle reactions involving acyl-containing ... Inorganic sulfur forms a part of iron-sulfur clusters as well as many copper, nickel, and iron proteins. Most pervasive are the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur

Acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial. Pfam PF00550 20. NDUFA2 / B8. NDUA2_HUMAN. NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha ... NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein *NDUFS1 - NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1, 75kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q ... This electron flow changes the redox state of the protein, inducing conformational changes of the protein which alters the pK ... Assembly factor proteins[31] 47. NDUFAF1c. CIA30_HUMAN. NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex, assembly factor 1. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NADH_dehydrogenase_

4-Phosphopantetheine is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty ... The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a cofactor of both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis machinery. It is one of the most ... the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP), as well as aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). Cronan ... Acyl Carrier Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl_carrier_protein

Vagelos PR, Larrabes AR (1967). "Acyl carrier protein. IX. Acyl carrier protein hydrolase". J. Biol. Chem. 242 (8): 1776-81. ... acyl-carrier-protein] Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are [[holo-[acyl-carrier-protein]]] and H2O, whereas its two ... acyl-carrier-protein] phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction holo-[acyl-carrier- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] 4-pantetheine-phosphohydrolase. Other names in common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(acyl-carrier-protein)_phosphodiesterase

Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (or ENR) (EC 1.3.1.9), is a key enzyme of the type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) system.[1 ... acyl-carrier protein) reductase from Plasmodium falciparum". The Biochemical Journal. 381 (Pt 3): 735-41. doi:10.1042/ ... "Identification and characterization of inhibitors of bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase". Antimicrobial Agents and ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Enoyl-acyl_carrier_protein_reductase&oldid=950553534" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoyl-acyl_carrier_protein_reductase

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Ketoacyl_ACP_reductase

... is a acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] (CHEBI:16018) ... acyl-carrier-protein] (CHEBI:84648). (R)-3-Hydroxyhexanoyl-[acp] (CHEBI:326) is a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] ( ... An acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] where the acyl group is substituted at the pro-3R position by a hydroxy group.. ... CHEBI:84648 - (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]. Main. ChEBI Ontology. Automatic Xrefs. Reactions. Pathways. Models. ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:84648

putative acyl carrier protein [Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)] putative acyl carrier protein [Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)]. gi ... RefSeq protein See the reference protein sequence for acyl carrier protein (NP_627461.1). ... Transcript/Protein Information [PANTHER Classification System] Transcript/Protein Information. PANTHER Classification System ... The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/4490996

Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase of Escherichia coli.. Lambalot RH1, Walsh CT. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9211277?dopt=Abstract

We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their ... InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/V6F2A4

Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast-targeted acyl carrier protein.. Lunin, V.V., Wernimont, A., Lew, J., Qiu, W., Lin, L., Hassanali, ... Protein Workshop , Ligand Explorer. Global Symmetry: Asymmetric - C1 Global Stoichiometry: Monomer - A1 Find Similar Assemblies ... Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast-targeted acyl carrier protein. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb2QNW/pdb. *Classification: SIGNALING PROTEIN ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2qnw

The function of acyl thioesterases in the metabolism of acylcoenzymes A and acyl-acyl carrier proteins. Arch.Biochem.Biophys., ... acylcarrier-protein] dehydrase, and enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase from Spinacea oleracea leaves. Arch.Biochem.Biophys ... Acyl Carrier Protein Fatty Acid Synthetase Lower Specific Activity Incorporated Label Brassica CAMPESTRIS These keywords were ... Barley chloroplasts contain two acyl carrier proteins coded for by different genes. Carlsberg.Res.Commun., 49: 483-492.CrossRef ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-5263-1_89

Acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles the acyl intermediates between individual pathway enzymes. In this study, we determined the ... Acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles the acyl intermediates between individual pathway enzymes. In this study, we determined the ... Structural modification of acyl carrier protein by butyryl group.. Wu, B.N., Zhang, Y.M., Rock, C.O., Zheng, J.J.. (2009) ... Structural modification of acyl carrier protein by butyryl group. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb2K92/pdb ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2k92

... of several acyl carrier proteins involved in pathways of primary and secondary metabolism including the acyl carrier proteins ( ... The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an important component in both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis with the growing chain ... and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). ... Acyl+Carrier+Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...

http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Acyl_carrier_protein

The predicted protein products of nodF and nodG show homology with acyl carrier protein and ribitol dehydrogenase, respectively ... wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary ... knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/1235501.html

3D structures of acyl carrier protein synthase. Acyl carrier protein synthase 3D structures ... The crystal structure of Acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was solved at 1.95 Å (3hqj ... three molecules of the acyl carrier protein (ASP). The interactions between B. subtilis AcpS and ACP are predominantly . The B ... Dym O, Albeck S, Peleg Y, Schwarz A, Shakked Z, Burstein Y, Zimhony O. Structure-function analysis of the acyl carrier protein ...

https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Acyl_carrier_protein_synthase

3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3. Details. Name. 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3. Kind. protein. ... 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3. Q9F6D4. Details. Drug Relations. Drug Relations. DrugBank ID. Name. Drug group. ...

https://www.drugbank.ca/bio_entities/BE0002680

Protein. Similar proteins. Species. Score. Length. Source. Q83PW0. Pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase. ECO8A ... Protein. Similar proteins. Species. Score. Length. Source. Q83PW0. Pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase. ECO8A ... Protein. Similar proteins. Species. Score. Length. Source. Q83PW0. Pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase. SERMA ... Pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esteraseUniRule annotation. Manual assertion according to rulesi ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q83PW0

Catalyzes the reduction of a carbon-carbon double bond in an enoyl moiety that is covalently linked to an acyl carrier protein ... An acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NAD+ = a trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] + NADH. ... Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabIAdd BLAST. 261. Proteomic databases. PaxDb, a database of protein abundance ... Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI (EC:1.3.1.9). Short name: ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P0AEK6

myristoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity Source: UniProtKB-EC. *oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase activity ... Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolaseARBA annotation. Automatic assertion according to rulesi ... tr,Q8MR70,Q8MR70_DROME Oleoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase (Fragment) OS=Drosophila melanogaster OX=7227 GN=FASN2 PE=2 SV=1 ... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ...

https://uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8MR70

Products of CoA hydrolysis by ACP-free AcpSBA. (a) The 3.0σ OMIT map of the two 3′,5′-ADP molecules, ADPI and ADPII, modeled at each of the three CoA-binding sites. (b, c) Binding pockets of ADPI and ADPII. (d), (e) and (f) show the Mg-I, Mg-II and Mg-III binding sites. ...

https://journals.iucr.org/d/issues/2012/10/00/dw5015/dw5015fig4.html

Die Rolle des Fettsäuresynthase Acyl-Carrier-Proteins (FAS-ACP) in der Chinoxalinantibiotika-Biosynthese. [Gernot Schmoock;] ... Die Rolle des Fettsäuresynthase Acyl-Carrier-Proteins (FAS-ACP) in der Chinoxalinantibiotika-Biosynthese. Author:. Gernot ... schema:name "Die Rolle des Fettsäuresynthase Acyl-Carrier-Proteins (FAS-ACP) in der Chinoxalinantibiotika-Biosynthese"@de ;. ... Add tags for "Die Rolle des Fettsäuresynthase Acyl-Carrier-Proteins (FAS-ACP) in der Chinoxalinantibiotika-Biosynthese". Be ...

http://www.worldcat.org/title/rolle-des-fettsauresynthase-acyl-carrier-proteins-fas-acp-in-der-chinoxalinantibiotika-biosynthese/oclc/179958568

... acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity pathways, according to their Panther/Gene Ontology Classification ... Antibodies for proteins involved in palmitoleoyl [acyl-carrier-protein]-dependent acyltransferase activity pathways; according ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/primary/panther/palmitoleoyl%20%5Bacyl-carrier-protein%5D-dependent%20acyltransferase%20activity

... acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) activity pathways, according to their Panther/Gene Ontology Classification ... The Antibody is listed under an alternate gene/protein name. Try searching for synonyms. ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/primary/panther/enoyl-%5Bacyl-carrier-protein%5D%20reductase%20

In order to investigate whether the relative activities of the plastidial acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP):glycerol 3-phosphate ... Role of plastidial acyl-acyl carrier protein: Glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase and acyl-acyl carrier protein hydrolase in ... Role of plastidial acyl-acyl carrier protein: Glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase and acyl-acyl carrier protein hydrolase in ... Purification and characterization of the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase and the acyl-acyl carrier protein ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00397657

Exhibits a marked preference for [acyl-carrier-protein] derivatives over CoA derivatives as substrates. ...

http://www.termsciences.fr/-/Index/Rechercher/Rapide/Naviguer/Arbre/?idt=TE.416&lng=fr&aGrilleRapide=selectionner

Central to FA synthesis, the ACP (acyl carrier protein) represents the cofactor protein that covalently binds all fatty acyl ... protein complex. Abbreviations: ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACP, acyl carrier protein; ACPS, ACP synthase; EM, electron ... Current understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis and the acyl carrier protein. David I. Chan, Hans J. Vogel ... Current understanding of fatty acid biosynthesis and the acyl carrier protein Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page ...

http://www.biochemj.org/content/430/1/1

Acyl Carrier Protein) Reductase. Franck E. Dayan, Daneel Ferreira, Yan-Hong Wang, Ikhlas A. Khan, John A. McInroy, Zhiqiang Pan ... Acyl Carrier Protein) Reductase. Franck E. Dayan, Daneel Ferreira, Yan-Hong Wang, Ikhlas A. Khan, John A. McInroy, Zhiqiang Pan ... Lee HH, Moon J, Suh SW (2007) Crystal structure of the Helicobacter pylori enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase in complex with ... A Pathogenic Fungi Diphenyl Ether Phytotoxin Targets Plant Enoyl (Acyl Carrier Protein) Reductase. Franck E. Dayan, Daneel ...

http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/147/3/1062

... encoding beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase and beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I, respectively, ... and beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I (FabB).. T T Hoang, H P Schweizer ... and beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I (FabB). Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal ... cloning and characterization of the fabAB operon encoding beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase (FabA) and beta- ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/179/17/5326?ijkey=d4ea9f9ae015df851c3644d3609ae0e3f0d90545&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... transitions in Plasmodium falciparum beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein reductase upon co-factor and acyl carrier protein ... to be intact in the structures of the apo forms of some proteins annotated as 3-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) reductases (PDB ... β-Ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) reductase (FabG; EC 1.1.1.100) is a FAS II enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a β- ... β-Ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) reductase (FabG) catalyzes the key reductive reaction in the elongation cycle of fatty acid ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/198/3/463

Structures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa β-keto-acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase II (FabF) and a C164Q mutant provide templates ... A potential target for antibiotic drug discovery is β-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase II (FabF), which is one of the ... Here, crystal structures, in three distinct forms, of recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa β-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) ... During fatty-acid elongation the acyl-carrier protein (ACP) substrate transfers a fatty acid to the S atom of the catalytic ...

https://journals.iucr.org/f/issues/2015/08/00/pq5015/index.html

... and in structural stabilization of the multidomain protein (synergistic effect). While the more accepted model is one in which ... and that the tandem arrangement did not stabilize the protein. Taken together, these data are consistent with an elongated ... the molecular weight was overestimated due to the elongated protein shape. Thermal denaturation monitored by circular dichroism ... the tandem ACP fragment by analytical gel filtration chromatography showed a retention time suggestive of a multimeric protein ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0057859

This coupling is mediated by acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS), a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase. (wikipedia.org)
Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase of Escherichia coli. (nih.gov)
The protein is expressed in the inactive apo form and the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety must be post-translationally attached to a conserved serine residue on the ACP by the action of holo- acyl carrier protein synthase (ACPS) a phosphopantetheinyl transferase. (wikidoc.org)
The crystal structure of Acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) was solved at 1.95 Å ( 3hqj ). (proteopedia.org)
Crystal structures of substrate binding to Bacillus subtilis holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase reveal a novel trimeric arrangement of molecules resulting in three active sites. (proteopedia.org)
Dym O, Albeck S, Peleg Y, Schwarz A, Shakked Z, Burstein Y, Zimhony O. Structure-function analysis of the acyl carrier protein synthase (AcpS) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (proteopedia.org)
Fatty acid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: cloning and characterization of the fabAB operon encoding beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase (FabA) and beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I (FabB). (asm.org)
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa fabA and fabB genes, encoding beta-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase and beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I, respectively, were cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. (asm.org)
Here, crystal structures, in three distinct forms, of recombinant Pseudomonas aeruginosa β -ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase II (FabF) are presented. (iucr.org)
The role of enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (E.C. 1.3.1.9), the product of the fabI gene, was investigated in the type II, dissociated, fatty acid synthase system of Escherichia coli. (semanticscholar.org)
Scheme of the chemical steps occuring in the fatty acid elongation reaction catalyzed by β‐keto acyl synthase. (embopress.org)
Despite this complexity, a preponderance of evidence implicates inhA, which codes for an enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase of the fatty acid synthase II (FASII), as the primary target of INH. (elsevier.com)
Structure of the complex between the antibiotic cerulenin and its target, beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase. (ki.se)
The crystal structure of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase II from Synechocystis sp. (ki.se)
The encoded protein may be part of a fatty acid synthase complex that is more like the type II prokaryotic and plastid complexes rather than the type I human cytosolic complex. (genecards.org)
Solution structure of the actinorhodin polyketide synthase acyl carrier protein from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). (expasy.org)
Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for S-acyl fatty acid synthase thioesterase from the uropygial gland of mallard duck. (freepatentsonline.com)
BACKGROUND: Holo-(acyl carrier protein) synthase (AcpS), a member of the phosphopantetheinyl transferase superfamily, plays a crucial role in the functional activation of acyl carrier protein (ACP) in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. (proteopedia.org)

Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (or ENR ) ( EC 1.3.1.9 ), is a key enzyme of the type II fatty acid synthesis (FAS) system. (wikipedia.org)
Many of the individual component enzymes have been partially purified including malonyl-CoAracyl carrier protein (ACP) transacylase (4), β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (5, 6), (β-hydroxylacyl-ACP dehydrase (6), enoyl ACP reductase (5, 6) and acetyl-CoA: ACP transacylase (ATA) (1). (springer.com)
Purification and characterization of β-ketacyl-facyl-carrier-protein] reductase, β-hydroxyacyl-[acylcarrier-protein] dehydrase, and enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase from Spinacea oleracea leaves. (springer.com)
We report that this natural diphenyl ether inhibits Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) enoyl (acyl carrier protein) reductase (ENR). (plantphysiol.org)
β-Ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) reductase (FabG) catalyzes the key reductive reaction in the elongation cycle of fatty acid synthesis (FAS), which is a vital metabolic pathway in bacteria and a promising target for new antibiotic development. (asm.org)
An empirical relationship between the experimental inhibitory activities of triclosan derivatives and its computationally predicted Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (PfENR) dock poses was developed to model activities of known antimalarials. (mmv.org)
Recent studies have demonstrated that submicromolar concentrations of the biocide triclosan arrest the growth of the apicomplexan parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii and inhibit the activity of the apicomplexan enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase ( ENR). (strath.ac.uk)
Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (fabI) plays a determinant role in completing cycles of fatty acid elongation in Escherichia coli. (semanticscholar.org)
The protein-DNA complex appeared to be competed away by the Arabidopsis enoyl-ACP reductase (EnR) promoter sequence, but not the lipid transfer protein (LTP) promoter. (dur.ac.uk)
RsFabGs proteins were purified by nickel chelate chromatography and fatty acid biosynthetic reaction was reconstituted to investigate the 3-ketoacyl-ACP reductase activity of RsFabGs in vitro . (biomedcentral.com)
Acyl-[acyl carrier protein (ACP)] reductase (AAR) is a key enzyme for alkane biosynthesis in cyanobacteria and catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-ACP to fatty aldehydes, which are then converted into alkanes/alkenes by aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO). (biomedcentral.com)
The cyanobacterial alkane synthesis pathway involves two proteins, acyl-(acyl carrier protein (ACP)) reductase (AAR) and aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Structural studies of enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase from Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase enzyme (ENR) catalyses one of the two reductive steps in fatty acid elongation within the fatty acid synthesis type II cycle that is common to plants and prokaryotes. (whiterose.ac.uk)

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] and NADP + , whereas its 3 products are 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] , NADPH , and H + . (wikipedia.org)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]:NADP + oxidoreductase . (wikipedia.org)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] 4'-pantetheine-phosphohydrolase. (wikipedia.org)
The malonyl-ACP substrate then interacts with the acyl-enzyme intermediate and forms a β -ketoacyl-ACP product. (iucr.org)
More than one enzyme is involved in the release of 16:0 from 16:0 acyl carrier protein (ACP) and its incorporation into lipids. (plantphysiol.org)
Plant fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (FAT) is a major enzyme regulating the amount and composition of fatty acids in lipids. (magiran.com)
In this study, one type of cDNA, corresponding to the fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) thioesterase (Fat) enzyme, was isolated from the seed of Brassica napus cv. (magiran.com)
This study demonstrated that the BnFatB gene had similar function as the FatB enzyme, preferentially releasing saturated fatty acid from the acyl carrier protein. (magiran.com)
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] to trans-2,3-dehydroacyl-[acyl-carrier protein] in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. (curehunter.com)
Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (SAD) is a key enzyme that converts stearic acid to oleic acid. (deepdyve.com)
This enzyme, purified from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, catalyses the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of an activated fatty acid (acyl-[acp]) to the corresponding aldehyde. (creative-enzymes.com)
Acyl-malonyl acyl carrier protein-condensing enzyme. (expasy.org)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase (but-2-enoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]-forming) . (wikidoc.org)
To understand the mechanism of acyl-HSL synthesis we have purified the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI protein and analyzed the kinetics of acyl-HSL synthesis by this enzyme. (pnas.org)
It has been hypothesized that by analogy to fatty acid biosynthesis, the first step in acyl-HSL synthesis involves formation of a covalent acyl-enzyme intermediate ( 3 , 10 ), and that active-site cysteine residues or serine residues are acyl acceptors for such a mechanism ( 2 , 3 , 10 ). (pnas.org)
None of the cysteine residues in LuxI or RhlI are essential for acyl-HSL synthesis, and in RhlI, a conserved serine residue within the proposed active site is also not essential for enzyme activity. (pnas.org)
Perhaps acyl-HSL synthesis proceeds via a mechanism that does not involve an acyl-enzyme intermediate or perhaps the acyl group acceptor has not been targeted in the site-specific mutagenesis studies. (pnas.org)
The ivy enzyme can also act on oleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein] and palmitoleoyl-[acyl-carrier protein], generating the corresponding 4,9-diene. (creative-enzymes.com)
The recombinant enzyme was able to hydrolyse medium- and long-chain acyl-CoAs. (nih.gov)
E05 478 566 350 170 or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,E05 478 566 350 170 or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Human proteins, cDNA and human recombinants are used in human reactive ELISA kits and to produce anti-human mono and polyclonal antibodies. (polabo.com)
Stearoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase is a soluble enzyme that catalyses the formation of a cis-double bond between carbon-9 and carbon-10 in stearic acid. (ki.se)
a carrier protein molecule which is part of the fatty acid synthesizing enzyme complex in non-mammalian systems and which carries acyl groups. (thefreedictionary.com)
Isolated nucleic acid fragments encoding an acyl-ACP thioesterase enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of palmitoyl, stearoyl and oleoyl-ACP thioesters are described. (freepatentsonline.com)
Analysis of the derived protein sequences suggested that these enzyme reside in the apicoplast. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Acyl carrier protein (ACP) plays an essential role inside bacterial multicomponent enzyme systems. (acs.org)

Other names in common use include (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydro-lyase , beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein dehydrase , beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein (ACP) dehydrase , beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein dehydrase , enoyl acyl carrier protein hydrase , crotonyl acyl carrier protein hydratase , 3-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier protein dehydratase , beta-hydroxybutyryl acyl carrier , and protein dehydrase . (wikidoc.org)

Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein Delta9 desaturase (Delta9D) from Ricinus communis converts stearic acid into monounsaturated oleic acid and functions to maintain the lipid composition of the cell membrane. (wisconsin.edu)
SAD, a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase highly expressed in high-oil maize inbred lines Liu, Zh. (deepdyve.com)
By whole genome sequencing, we identified a causal gene in the mutant as SUPPRESSOR OF SALICYLIC ACID INSENSITIVITY2 (SSI2), which encodes stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase that converts stearic acids to oleic acids in the chloroplasts. (deepdyve.com)
However, little is known about ACP interactions with the other alkyne biosynthetic enzymes in the JamABC pathway, including an acyl-ACP ligase (JamA) and a membrane-bound bi-functional desaturase/acetylenase (JamB). (escholarship.org)
The crystal structure of the protein complex between desaturase from Ricinus Communis and stearoyl-ACP from spinach, provides a basis for rational design of regio-specificity in soluble desaturases. (ki.se)
The crystal structure of the complex between oxidised stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase and stearoyl-acyl carrier protein - Implications for regiospecificity among soluble desaturases. (ki.se)
The Crystal Structure of the one-iron form of the di-iron center in Stearoyl Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase from Ricinus Communis (Castor Bean). (expasy.org)

The ACPs are small negatively charged α-helical bundle proteins with a high degree of structural and amino acid similarity. (wikipedia.org)
The ACPs are related in structure and mechanism to the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) from nonribosomal peptide synthases. (wikipedia.org)
4'-Phosphopantetheine is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACPs of polyketide synthases, the peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP), as well as aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, the structural and dynamic properties of an increasing number of acyl-ACPs have been described, leading to an improved comprehension of this central carrier protein. (biochemj.org)
In contrast, FatB representatives encode thioesterases preferring acyl-ACPs having saturated acyl groups. (plantcell.org)
Possesses high thioesterase activity for palmitoyl-ACP versus other acyl-ACPs. (mybiosource.com)
Hydrolyzes primarily saturated acyl-ACPs with chain lengths that vary between 8 and 18 carbons. (mybiosource.com)
The interdisciplinary approach to investigating ACP interactions in this work focuses on functionalizing ACP domains with synthetic molecules that mimic biological substrates, and then performing structural studies on these functionalized ACPs with protein NMR. (escholarship.org)
In this study, we demonstrated that JamB has a more stringent interaction with ACPs than JamA and subsequently pursued two different strategies to pinpoint key protein-protein interactions between JamB and several non-cognate ACPs. (escholarship.org)
Both KAS I and KAS II catalyze the condensation of a wide range of saturated acyl‐ACPs. (embopress.org)
We identified a strong sequence motif in acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) where β-branching is known to occur. (bris.ac.uk)
Acylated acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) with acyl chain lengths of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 carbons were investigated by NMR and nuclear Overhauser methods at 500 MHz. (umn.edu)
ACPS_BACSU ] Transfers the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety from coenzyme A to a Ser of fatty acid acyl-carrier-protein ACP. (proteopedia.org)

Malonyl-CoA: acyl carrier protein transacylase from spinach. (springer.com)
Partial purification and characterization of two forms of malonyl-coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase from soybean leaf tissue. (springer.com)
Wolf AM.A., Perchorowicz J.T. (1987) The Purification of Acetyl-CoA: Acyl Carrier Protein Transacylase from Brassica campestris Leaves. (springer.com)
malonyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase' can also refer to. (oup.com)
MCAT (Malonyl-CoA-Acyl Carrier Protein Transacylase) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase (MAT) provides acyl-ACP thioesters for the biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides, and thus is the primary gatekeeper of substrate specificity in type II PKS. (elsevier.com)
Koppisch, AT & Khosla, C 2003, ' Structure-based mutagenesis of the malonyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein transacylase from Streptomyces coelicolor ', Biochemistry , vol. 42, no. 37, pp. 11057-11064. (elsevier.com)

Fat metabolism in higher plants, characterization of plant acyl-ACP and acyl-CoA hydrolases. (springer.com)
Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Fatty Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Thioesterase Gene (BnFatB) in Brassica napus L. (magiran.com)
Prestegard, James H. / Overexpression, purification, and characterization of escherichia coli acyl carrier protein and 2 mutant proteins . (elsevier.com)

The acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase B1 from Arabidopsis (AtFATB1) was previously shown to exhibit in vitro hydrolytic activity for long chain acyl-acyl carrier proteins (P. Dörmann, T.A. Voelker, J.B. Ohlrogge [1995] Arch Biochem Biophys 316: 612-618). (plantphysiol.org)
The acyl groups of acyl-ACP can also be released by a thioesterase and subsequently exported from the plastid to the endoplasmic reticulum (eukaryotic pathway). (plantphysiol.org)
Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase and the evolutionary origin of plant acyl-ACP thioesterases. (plantcell.org)
Below are the list of possible Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase products. (mybiosource.com)
Also known as Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase, chloroplastic (16:0-acyl-carrier protein thioesterase) (16:0-ACP thioesterase) (Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydrolase) (Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase B1) (AtFATB1). (mybiosource.com)
Encodes an acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase. (mybiosource.com)
Long chain acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) has been implicated as a physiological inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis since acyl-ACP degradation by thioesterase overexpression leads to constitutive, unregulated fatty acid production. (semanticscholar.org)
Expression of the heterologous Dunaliella tertiolecta fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase leads to increased lipid production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (semanticscholar.org)
A palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase cDNA clone was isolated from an oil palm cDNA library. (nih.gov)

The construct produced a mixture of holo-ACP and apo-ACP and two HPLC procedures were developed to separate the two species, This overexpression system allows cost-effective growths of 13 C- and 15 N-labeled protein for structural and other studies on ACP. (elsevier.com)
Polacco, ML & Cronan, JE 1981, ' A mutant of Escherichia coli conditionally defective in the synthesis of holo-[acyl carrier protein] ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 256, no. 11, pp. 5750-5754. (illinois.edu)

4'- Phosphopantetheine is an essential prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins involved in pathways of primary and secondary metabolism including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases, ACP of polyketide synthases, and peptidyl carrier proteins (PCP) and aryl carrier proteins (ArCP) of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). (wikidoc.org)
In the biosynthesis of fatty acids, the β‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthases catalyze chain elongation by the addition of two‐carbon units derived from malonyl‐ACP to an acyl group bound to either ACP or CoA. (embopress.org)
Both of these proteins functioned as acyl-HSL synthases when provided with S -adenosylmethionine (SAM) as the amino donor and an appropriate acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) as an acyl donor. (pnas.org)
β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthases (KAS) from various bacterial species have been cloned, expressed and purified in large quantities for detailed enzymological, structural and screening studies. (eurekaselect.com)
Sanjay S. Khandekar, Robert A. Daines and John T. Lonsdale, " Bacterial β-ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Synthases as Targets for Antibacterial Agents", Current Protein & Peptide Science (2003) 4: 21. (eurekaselect.com)

During fatty-acid elongation the acyl-carrier protein (ACP) substrate transfers a fatty acid to the S atom of the catalytic cysteine of FabF. (iucr.org)
We recently elucidated an acyl carrier protein (ACP)-dependent alkyne biosynthetic pathway comprised of JamABC from Moorea producens JHB that produces a terminal alkyne-tagged polyketide using hexanoic acid as a starting substrate for terminal alkyne generation. (escholarship.org)
Using acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as the initiating substrate and building block, respectively, these organisms share a common set of biochemical reactions to extend fatty acyl chains by two carbon atoms per cycle [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results also suggest that the MAT does not discriminate against α-substituted acyl-CoA thioesters solely on the basis of substrate size. (elsevier.com)
Strikingly, AARs from marine and freshwater cyanobacteria tend to have higher specificity toward the substrates with 16 and 18 carbons in the fatty acyl chain, respectively, suggesting that the substrate specificity of AARs correlates with the type of habitat of host cyanobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)

The function of acyl thioesterases in the metabolism of acylcoenzymes A and acyl-acyl carrier proteins. (springer.com)
Because the prokaryotic 16:0 transferred to glycerol in the plastid is to a large extent desaturated to hexadecatrienoate (16:3) in Arabidopsis, the major proportion of 16:0 is therefore found in eukaryotic lipids and is derived from the action of one of the acyl-ACP thioesterases. (plantphysiol.org)
Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases play an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis and in the channeling of carbon flux between the two lipid biosynthesis pathways in plants. (plantcell.org)

ATA has the lowest specific activity in comparison with the other enzymes in the system and has been reported as catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the plant fatty acid synthetase (FAS) system: the thioester transfer reaction between acetyl-CoA and acyl carrier protein to form acetyl-ACP. (springer.com)
Acyl carrier protein (ACP) shuttles the acyl intermediates between individual pathway enzymes. (rcsb.org)
This finding supports the more general notion that the attachment of different acyl intermediates alters the ACP structure to facilitate their recognition and turnover by the appropriate target enzymes. (rcsb.org)
The biochemical targets for acyl-ACP inhibition were unknown, and this work identified two biosynthetic enzymes that were sensitive to acyl-ACP feedback inhibition. (semanticscholar.org)
These enzymes catalyze carbon-carbon bond‐forming reactions by condensing acyl groups, bound to either acyl carrier protein (ACP) or CoA. (embopress.org)

Barley chloroplasts contain two acyl carrier proteins coded for by different genes. (springer.com)
A synthetic gene of 237 bases encoding the 77-residue acyl carrier protein (ACP) from Escherichia coli, along with two mutant genes, ACP-I54V and ACP-A59V, were subcloned into the pET11a-pLysS E. coli overexpression system under the control of the bacteriophage T7 promoter, This efficient expression system and a simplified purification protocol yielded more than 120 mg/l of pure protein. (elsevier.com)
Because pathogenic bacteria such as P. aeruginosa use acyl-HSL signals to regulate virulence genes, an understanding of the mechanism of signal synthesis and identification of inhibitors of signal synthesis has implications for development of quorum sensing-targeted antivirulence molecules. (pnas.org)
Because quorum sensing has been implicated as an important factor in the expression of virulence genes in animal and plant pathogens ( 2 , 5 - 7 ), understanding the mechanism of acyl-HSL synthesis is of importance. (pnas.org)
Sequence of a 28.6 kb region of yeast chromosome XI includes the FBA1 and TOA2 genes, an open reading frame (ORF) similar to a translationally controlled tumour protein, one ORF containing motifs also found in plant storage proteins and 13 ORFs with weak or no homology to known proteins. (ymdb.ca)

If you cannot find the target and/or product is not available in our catalog, please click here to contact us and request the product or submit your request for custom elisa kit production , custom recombinant protein production or custom antibody production . (mybiosource.com)
Custom ELISA Kits, Recombinant Proteins and Antibodies can be designed, manufactured and produced according to the researcher's specifications. (mybiosource.com)
Small volumes of fabZ recombinant protein vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. (mybiosource.com)
Subsequently, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RhlI protein was purified from recombinant Escherichia coli in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies. (pnas.org)
Analyses of the effects of site-specific mutations in LuxI and RhlI on acyl-HSL synthesis in recombinant E. coli suggest that the proposed mechanism for signal synthesis may be incorrect ( 8 , 13 ). (pnas.org)

The sequence of ENR is highly conserved within higher plants and a homology model of Arabidopsis ENR was derived from the crystal structure of the protein from Brassica napus . (plantphysiol.org)
RNA and protein-blot analysis in Arabidopsis and rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) showed that the endogenous AtFATB1 expression was highest in flowers and lower in leaves. (plantphysiol.org)

p>Describes annotations that are concluded from looking at variations or changes in a gene product such as mutations or abnormal levels and includes techniques such as knockouts, overexpression, anti-sense experiments and use of specific protein inhibitors. (uniprot.org)
The Antibody is listed under an alternate gene/protein name. (thermofisher.com)
Acyl homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) are important intercellular signaling molecules used by many bacteria to monitor their population density in quorum-sensing control of gene expression. (pnas.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is found exclusively in the mitochondrion, where it catalyzes the transfer of a malonyl group from malonyl-CoA to the mitochondrial acyl carrier protein. (genecards.org)
Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase activity . (genecards.org)
The peroxisome proliferator (PP) response element (PPRE) upstream of the human acyl CoA oxidase gene is inactive in a sample human population: significance for species differences in response to PPs. (thefreedictionary.com)
cite the finding of an inactive PP response element upstream of the acyl CoA oxidase gene in a sample human population (15) as additional evidence for why humans may be less responsive than rodents to PPs. (thefreedictionary.com)
The protein is encoded by a single-copy gene in the T. gondii nuclear genome and posttranslationally imported into the apicoplast ( 13 ). (pnas.org)

In order to investigate whether the relative activities of the plastidial acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP):glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15) and acyl-ACP hydrolase play a role in controlling the acyl flux through the prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathway, we determined these enzymic activities in stroma fractions from 16:3- and 18:3-plants using glycerol 3-phosphate and labelled acyl-ACP as substrates. (springer.com)
Exhibits a marked preference for [acyl-carrier-protein] derivatives over CoA derivatives as substrates. (termsciences.fr)
The activity of the RhlI preparation was substantially lower than the activity of the LuxI or TraI preparations (10 −6 ), thus raising concerns as to whether butyryl-CoA and HSL are relevant substrates for acyl-HSL synthesis by RhlI. (pnas.org)

section describes the metabolic pathway(s) associated with a protein. (uniprot.org)
This protein is involved in the pathway fatty acid biosynthesis, which is part of Lipid metabolism. (uniprot.org)
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway fatty acid biosynthesis and in Lipid metabolism . (uniprot.org)
This protein is involved in the pathway biotin biosynthesis, which is part of Cofactor biosynthesis. (uniprot.org)
We have constructed a conditional null mutant of acyl carrier protein, a central component of the FAS II pathway in Toxoplasma gondii . (pnas.org)
Furthermore, it appears that, in addition to FAS II, apicomplexans also harbor fatty acyl-elongases ( http://toxodb.org , TgTwinScan_3930, 2967, and 6237) and, in the case of Toxoplasma , a FAS I pathway ( 12 ) (TgTwinScan_0460). (pnas.org)

Central to FA synthesis, the ACP (acyl carrier protein) represents the cofactor protein that covalently binds all fatty acyl intermediates via a phosphopantetheine linker during the synthesis process. (biochemj.org)

D'Agnolo G, Rosenfeld IS, Vagelos PR: Multiple forms of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase in Escherichia coli. (acronymattic.com)

The FabA and FabB proteins were similar in size and amino acid composition to their counterparts from Escherichia coli and to the putative homologs from Haemophilus influenzae. (asm.org)
Regulation of fatty acid elongation and initiation by acyl-acyl carrier protein in Escherichia coli. (semanticscholar.org)
Inhibition of Escherichia coli acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase by acyl-acyl carrier protein. (semanticscholar.org)
The ATPase activity of the Escherichia coli SMC protein, MukB, is essential for in vivo function and is regulated by interactions with its dimeric kleisin, MukF, and KITE, MukE. (researchsquare.com)
The cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and a crude bacterial extract was assayed for acyl-CoA-hydrolysing activity. (nih.gov)
Acyl Carrier Protein from Escherichia coli. (umn.edu)
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Acyl Carrier Protein from Escherichia coli. (umn.edu)

Catalyzes the transfer of a malonyl moiety from malonyl-CoA to the free thiol group of the phosphopantetheine arm of the mitochondrial ACP protein (NDUFAB1). (genecards.org)

All of the proteins required to catalyze one cycle of fatty acid synthesis from acetyl-CoA plus malonyl-CoA to butyryl-ACP in vitro were purified. (semanticscholar.org)
malonyl-CoA-acyl carri. (oup.com)
In fatty acid synthesis, the chain elongation step consists of the condensation of acyl groups, derived from acyl‐ACP or acyl‐CoA with malonyl‐ACP. (embopress.org)

Here we demonstrate that, in addition, MukB interacts with Acyl Carrier Protein (AcpP) that has essential functions in fatty acid synthesis. (researchsquare.com)

The purified protein was reported to catalyze the synthesis of butyryl-HSL when provided with butyryl-CoA, HSL, and NADPH ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
AAR catalyzes the reduction of fatty acyl-ACP or fatty acyl-CoA (which is an intermediate of fatty acid metabolism) into fatty aldehydes using NADPH [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is a cofactor of both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis machinery. (wikipedia.org)
The acyl carrier protein (ACP) is an important component in both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis with the growing chain bound during synthesis as a thiol ester at the distal thiol of a 4'-phophopantethiene moiety. (wikidoc.org)
Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis. (icr.ac.uk)

View conserved domains detected in this protein sequence using CD-search. (nih.gov)
See the reference protein sequence for acyl carrier protein (NP_627461.1). (nih.gov)
Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed. (uniprot.org)
The selection of attTn7 is determined by TnsD, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. (elsevier.com)
Note: The complete sequence including tag sequence, target protein sequence and linker sequence could be provided upon request. (cusabio.com)
all LuxI proteins direct the synthesis of specific acyl-HSLs and show sequence similarity ( 2 - 4 , 8 ). (pnas.org)

Consequently the relative activities of the plastidial glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase and acyl-ACP hydrolase can play a decisive role in controlling the acyl flux through the different pathways at least in these plants. (springer.com)
Douady, D., Dubacq, J.-P. (1987) Purification of acyl-CoA: glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase from pea leaves. (springer.com)

Chemical shift changes of downfield aromatic and upfield, ring-current-shifted, isoleucine proton resonances monotonically vary as a function of acyl chain length with the most prominent shifts occurring with chain lengths between four and six carbons. (umn.edu)

FA (fatty acid) synthesis represents a central, conserved process by which acyl chains are produced for utilization in a number of end-products such as biological membranes. (biochemj.org)
Acyl carrier protein is involved in every step of fatty acid synthesis by the cytoplasmic system. (rush.edu)

The structures of a number of acyl carrier proteins have been solved using various NMR and crystallography techniques. (wikipedia.org)
To investigate the role of the minor states of an acyl carrier protein, NMR techniques were applied to determine the number of minor states and characterize their structures and kinetics. (nus.edu.sg)

Search proteins in UniProtKB for this molecule. (uniprot.org)

There are three reports of in vitro catalysis of acyl-HSL synthesis by LuxI family members. (pnas.org)
In vitro assays demonstrate that both proteins restore fatty acid synthetic ability to extracts of the E. coli strain. (biomedcentral.com)

The work outlined in this thesis aims to answer questions that remain about how acyl carrier proteins interact with bound acyl groups and with catalytic domains in these important metabolic pathways. (escholarship.org)
A collection of articles that focus on an array of different scientific topics such as pathways, cancer, transmembrane proteins. (cusabio.com)

Luca Picone-Chiodo, who was at high risk of having MCAD (Medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase) a genetic condition that affects the metabolism, died at his family home in Huddersfield on October 16, 2009. (thefreedictionary.com)
Diagnosis of medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency by measurement of cis-4-decenoic acid in dried blood spots. (thefreedictionary.com)

The structural studies revealed that attachment of butyryl acyl intermediate to ACP alters the conformation of ACP. (rcsb.org)
The acyl carrier protein from Micromonospora echinospora was found to exist in one major folded state (95.2 %), one unfolded state (4.1 %), and one intermediate state (0.7 %) under native conditions. (nus.edu.sg)

Catalyzes the reduction of a carbon-carbon double bond in an enoyl moiety that is covalently linked to an acyl carrier protein (ACP). (uniprot.org)
Purified RhlI catalyzes the synthesis of acyl-HSLs from acyl-acyl carrier proteins and S -adenosylmethionine. (pnas.org)

Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. (springer.com)
Here we report the findings of structural, enzymatic, and binding studies of the FabG protein found in the causative agent of cholera, Vibrio cholerae (vcFabG). (asm.org)
A tertiary structural model for acyl-ACP consistent with our previous model for ACP-SH [Mayo, K. H., Tyrell, P. M., & Prestegard, J. H. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 4485-4493] is presented. (umn.edu)

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Effect of cold shock on lipid A biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Induction At 12 degrees C of an acyltransferase specific for palmitoleoyl-acyl carrier protein. (1/346)

Acyl homoserine-lactone quorum-sensing signal generation. (2/346)

Aminoacyl-CoAs as probes of condensation domain selectivity in nonribosomal peptide synthesis. (3/346)

The pro1(+) gene from Sordaria macrospora encodes a C6 zinc finger transcription factor required for fruiting body development. (4/346)

Kinetic analysis of the actinorhodin aromatic polyketide synthase. (5/346)

Characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa fatty acid biosynthetic gene cluster: purification of acyl carrier protein (ACP) and malonyl-coenzyme A:ACP transacylase (FabD). (6/346)

Heterologous expression, purification, reconstitution and kinetic analysis of an extended type II polyketide synthase. (7/346)

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a cotton palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase. (8/346)

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Acyl Carrier Protein

Pantetheine

Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II

3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase

Polyketide Synthases

Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Malonyltransferase

Fatty Acid Synthases

Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)

Acyltransferases

3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase

Coenzyme A

Pantothenic Acid

Enoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH)

Carbon-Sulfur Ligases

Carrier Proteins

Escherichia coli

Fatty Acids

Acylation

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Thiolester Hydrolases

Malonyl Coenzyme A

Triclosan

Bacterial Proteins

Streptomyces

Cerulenin

Saccharopolyspora

Apoproteins

Acyl Coenzyme A

Substrate Specificity

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Models, Molecular

Anthraquinones

Coriandrum

Cloning, Molecular

Acyl-Carrier Protein S-Acetyltransferase

Multienzyme Complexes

Malonates

Thioctic Acid

Lipid A

Naphthacenes

Protein Conformation

Base Sequence

Crystallography, X-Ray

Peptide Synthases

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Kinetics

Plants

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Escherichia coli Proteins

Recombinant Proteins

Ligases

Vibrio

Binding Sites

Carrier State

Multigene Family

Genetic Complementation Test

Mutation

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular

Macrolides

Mycolic Acids

Sulfhydryl Compounds

Polyketides

Biocatalysis

Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase

Genes, Bacterial

Sequence Alignment

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Protein Structure, Secondary

Alcohol Oxidoreductases

Protein Binding

Molecular Structure

Brassica

Hydro-Lyases

Glycerophosphates

Esters

Streptomyces coelicolor

Oxidoreductases

Chloroplasts

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