Acupuncture Analgesia
Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body. This activates small myelinated nerve fibers in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal cord and then activate three centers - the spinal cord, midbrain and pituitary/hypothalamus - to produce analgesia.
Acupuncture Therapy
Acupuncture Points
Acupuncture
Analgesia, Epidural
Analgesia, Obstetrical
Acupuncture, Ear
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled
Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).
Analgesics, Opioid
Electroacupuncture
Moxibustion
Pain Measurement
Meridians
Classical loci in ACUPUNCTURE. They are main and collateral channels, regarded as a network of passages, through which vital energy (Qi) circulates and along which acupoints (ACUPUNCTURE POINTS) are distributed. The meridians are a series of 14 lines upon which more than 400 acupoints are located on the body. (The Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary, p. 359; Dr. Wu Lancheng, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing)
Case of sepsis caused by Bifidobacterium longum. (1/104)
We report a case of sepsis caused by Bifidobacterium longum in a 19-year-old male who had developed high fever, jaundice, and hepatomegaly after acupuncture therapy with small gold needles. Anaerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-positive bacilli were isolated from his blood and finally identified as B. longum. He recovered completely after treatment with ticarcillin and metronidazole. To our knowledge, this is the first report of incidental sepsis caused by B. longum. (+info)Relationship between electroacupuncture analgesia and dopamine receptors in nucleus accumbens. (2/104)
AIM: To study the roles of dopamine (DA) D1 and D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens in electroacupuncture analgesia (EAA) and the potentiation of EAA of rats induced by l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP), a dopamine receptor antagonist. METHODS: SK&F-38393 and quinpirole hydrochloride (Qui), highly selective agonists of D1 and D2 receptors, respectively were injected into nucleus accumbens of rats. RESULTS: SK&F-38393 (5 and 10 micrograms) attenuated the potentiation of EAA induced by l-THP, 10 micrograms SKF38393 attenuated EAA as well, while Qui (10 and 20 micrograms) had no effect on EAA and the potentiation of EAA induced by l-THP. CONCLUSION: D1 but not D2 receptor in nucleus accumbens play an important role in EAA and the potentiation of EAA induced by l-THP. (+info)A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for neck pain. (3/104)
OBJECTIVE: To establish whether there is evidence for or against the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of neck pain. METHODS: A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies that compared needle or laser acupuncture with a control procedure for the treatment of neck pain. Two reviewers independently extracted data concerning study methods, quality and outcome. RESULTS: Overall, the outcomes of 14 randomized controlled trials were equally balanced between positive and negative. Acupuncture was superior to waiting-list in one study, and either equal or superior to physiotherapy in three studies. Needle acupuncture was not superior to indistinguishable sham control in four out of five studies. Of the eight high-quality trials, five were negative. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the hypothesis that acupuncture is efficacious in the treatment of neck pain is not based on the available evidence from sound clinical trials. Further studies are justified. (+info)A randomized trial of acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee. (4/104)
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy to standard care for the relief of pain and dysfunction in elderly patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with symptomatic OA of the knee were randomly assigned to treatment (acupuncture) or standard care (control). Analysis was performed on last score carried forward to account for patients who dropped out before completion. Patients self-scored Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Lequesne indices at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Patients in the control group were offered acupuncture treatment after 12 weeks. The data for these patients are pooled with those from the original acupuncture group for within-group analysis. RESULTS: Patients randomized to acupuncture improved on both WOMAC and Lequesne indices compared to those who received standard treatment alone. Significant differences on total WOMAC Scale were seen at 4 and 8 weeks. There appears to be a slight decline in effect at 4 weeks after cessation of treatment (12 weeks after first treatment). No adverse effects of acupuncture were reported. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that acupuncture is an effective and safe adjunctive therapy to conventional care for patients with OA of the knee. (+info)Acupuncture: pain management coupled to immune stimulation. (5/104)
The phenomenon of acupuncture is both complex and dynamic. Recent information demonstrates that acupuncture may exert its actions on pain and immune processes. The coupling of these two systems occurs via common signaling molecules, i.e., opioid peptides. In this regard, we surmise that opioid activation leads to the processing of opioid peptides from their precursor, proenkephalin, and the simultaneous release of antibacterial peptides contained within the precursor as well. Thus, central nervous system pain circuits may be coupled to immune enhancement. Furthermore, acupuncture needle manipulation elicited signal increases bilaterally in the region of the primary and secondary somatosensory corticies in human brain as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. The maps reveal marked signal decreases bilaterally in multiple limbic and deep gray structures including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and ventral tegmental area. Taken together, we surmise a major central nervous system pathway as well as local pain and immune modulation during acupuncture. (+info)Acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review. (6/104)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trials of acupuncture for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, to assess the methodologic quality of the trials and determine whether low-quality trials are associated with positive outcomes, to document adverse effects, to identify patient or treatment characteristics associated with positive response, and to identify areas of future research. METHODS: Eight databases and 62 conference abstract series were searched. Randomized or quasi-randomized trials of all languages were included and evaluated for methodologic quality using the Jadad scale. Outcomes were pain, function, global improvement, and imaging. Data could not be pooled; therefore, a best-evidence synthesis was performed to determine the strength of evidence by control group. The adequacy of the acupuncture procedure was assessed by 2 acupuncturists trained in treating OA and blinded to study results. RESULTS: Seven trials representing 393 patients with knee OA were identified. For pain and function, there was limited evidence that acupuncture is more effective than being on a waiting list for treatment or having treatment as usual. For pain, there was strong evidence that real acupuncture is more effective than sham acupuncture; however, for function, there was inconclusive evidence that real acupuncture is more effective than sham acupuncture. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether the efficacy of acupuncture is similar to that of other treatments. CONCLUSION: The existing evidence suggests that acupuncture may play a role in the treatment of knee OA. Future research should define an optimal acupuncture treatment, measure quality of life, and assess acupuncture combined with other modalities. (+info)Randomised trial of acupuncture compared with conventional massage and "sham" laser acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain. (7/104)
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of acupuncture and conventional massage for the treatment of chronic neck pain. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, placebo controlled trial. SETTING: Three outpatient departments in Germany. PARTICIPANTS: 177 patients aged 18-85 years with chronic neck pain. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly allocated to five treatments over three weeks with acupuncture (56), massage (60), or "sham" laser acupuncture (61). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: maximum pain related to motion (visual analogue scale) irrespective of direction of movement one week after treatment. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: range of motion (3D ultrasound real time motion analyser), pain related to movement in six directions (visual analogue scale), pressure pain threshold (pressure algometer), changes of spontaneous pain, motion related pain, global complaints (seven point scale), and quality of life (SF-36). Assessments were performed before, during, and one week and three months after treatment. Patients' beliefs in treatment were assessed. RESULTS: One week after five treatments the acupuncture group showed a significantly greater improvement in motion related pain compared with massage (difference 24.22 (95% confidence interval 16.5 to 31.9), P=0.0052) but not compared with sham laser (17.28 (10.0 to 24.6), P=0.327). Differences between acupuncture and massage or sham laser were greater in the subgroup who had had pain for longer than five years (n=75) and in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (n=129). The acupuncture group had the best results in most secondary outcome measures. There were no differences in patients' beliefs in treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture is an effective short term treatment for patients with chronic neck pain, but there is only limited evidence for long term effects after five treatments. (+info)Preoperative intradermal acupuncture reduces postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting, analgesic requirement, and sympathoadrenal responses. (8/104)
BACKGROUND: In a controlled and double-blind study, the authors tested the hypothesis that preoperative insertion of intradermal needles at acupoints 2.5 cm from the spinal vertebrae (bladder meridian) provide satisfactory postoperative analgesia. METHODS: The authors enrolled patients scheduled for elective upper and lower abdominal surgery. Before anesthesia, patients undergoing each type of surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups: acupuncture (n = 50 and n = 39 for upper and lower abdominal surgery, respectively) or control (n = 48 and n = 38 for upper and lower abdominal surgery, respectively). In the acupuncture group, intradermal needles were inserted to the left and right of bladder meridian 18-24 and 20-26 in upper and lower abdominal surgery before induction of anesthesia, respectively. Postoperative analgesia was maintained with epidural morphine and bolus doses of intravenous morphine. Consumption of intravenous morphine was recorded. Incisional pain at rest and during coughing and deep visceral pain were recorded during recovery and for 4 days thereafter on a four-point verbal rating scale. We also evaluated time-dependent changes in plasma concentrations of cortisol and catecholamines. RESULTS: Starting from the recovery room, intradermal acupuncture increased the fraction of patients with good pain relief as compared with the control (P < 0.05). Consumption of supplemental intravenous morphine was reduced 50%, and the incidence of postoperative nausea was reduced 20-30% in the acupuncture patients who had undergone either upper or lower abdominal surgery (P < 0.01). Plasma cortisol and epinephrine concentrations were reduced 30-50% in the acupuncture group during recovery and on the first postoperative day (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Preoperative insertion of intradermal needles reduces postoperative pain, the analgesic requirement, and opioid-related side effects after both upper and lower abdominal surgery. Acupuncture analgesia also reduces the activation of the sympathoadrenal system that normally accompanies surgery. (+info)
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Osteoarthritis
"Acupuncture analgesia: II. Clinical considerations" (PDF). Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 (2): 611-621, table of contents. doi: ... Acupuncture does not seem to produce long-term benefits. Electrostimulation techniques such as TENS have been used for twenty ... Lin X, Huang K, Zhu G, Huang Z, Qin A, Fan S (September 2016). "The Effects of Acupuncture on Chronic Knee Pain Due to ... Manheimer E, Cheng K, Wieland LS, Shen X, Lao L, Guo M, Berman BM (May 2018). "Acupuncture for hip osteoarthritis". The ...
Maurice McGregor
McGregor, Maurice; Becklake, M.R. (2 February 1974). "Basic research in acupuncture analgesia". Canadian Medical Association ... They wrote about witnessing surgery done under acupuncture anesthesia and about research presented to them on that subject, ...
Hypoalgesia
2007). "Effect of oxytocin on acupuncture analgesia in the rat." Neuropeptides 41(5): 285-92. Koltyn, K. F. and M. Umeda (2006 ... J.M. Lichtman and M.S. Fanselow, "Cats produce analgesia in rats on the tail-flick test: naltrexone sensitivity is determined ... Koltyn, K. F. (2000). "Analgesia following exercise: a review." Sports Med 29(2): 85-98. Fuss, J., Steinle, J., Bindila, L., ... and even for the analgesic effects of acupuncture therapy. In all these cases, there is a certain level of signal processing ...
Maiken Nedergaard
Nedergaard discovered the role of the adenosine molecule in acupuncture-induced analgesia. In 2013, Nedergaard discovered the ... Wilkinson, Emma (30 May 2010). "Acupuncture pain molecule pinpointed". BBC. Retrieved 18 February 2014. Konnikova, Maria (11 ...
Acupressure
"Acupuncture is theatrical placebo". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 116 (6): 1360-3. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e31828f2d5e. PMID 23709076 ... The Teishein is one of the original nine classical acupuncture needles described in the original texts of acupuncture. Even ... The Cochrane review included various means of stimulating P6, including acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, transcutaneous nerve ... acupuncture points are no more real than the black spots that a drunkard sees in front of his eyes. Quoted by Bauer M (August ...
Purinergic signalling
... adenosine has been implicated as a mediator of acupuncture analgesia Gorski, David H. (2014). "Integrative oncology: really the ... Acupuncture Mechanical deformation of the skin by acupuncture needles appears to result in the release of adenosine. A 2014 ... Antinociceptive effects of acupuncture require A1R activation Langevin HM (2014). "Acupuncture, connective tissue, and ... Acupuncture also has effects on local tissues, including mechanical stimulation of connective tissue, release of adenosine at ...
Health psychology
Treatments for pain involve patient-administered analgesia, acupuncture (found to be effective in reducing pain for ... as well as understand pain anomalies such as episodic analgesia, causalgia, neuralgia, and phantom limb pain. Although the task ... A randomized trial of acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology, 38(4), 346-54. The ...
Electroanalgesia
Analgesic Audioanalgesia Pain management Patient-controlled analgesia Pain in babies Congenital analgesia (insensitivity to ... It is a technique involving insertion of an ultra-fine acupuncture needle which probes into the soft tissues or muscles to ... Electroanalgesia is a form of analgesia, or pain relief, that uses electricity to ease pain. Electrical devices can be internal ... TENS can be subclassified into two variants: low-intensity (1-2 mA), high-frequency (50-100 Hz) TENS; and acupuncture-like high ...
Traditional Chinese medicine
Colquhoun D, Novella SP (June 2013). "Acupuncture is theatrical placebo" (PDF). Anesthesia and Analgesia. 116 (6): 1360-3. doi: ... and acupuncture points. It is a generally held belief within the acupuncture community that acupuncture points and meridians ... and acupuncture points, and that the traditional principles of acupuncture are deeply flawed. "Acupuncture points and meridians ... "Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no ...
List of MeSH codes (E02)
... acupuncture analgesia MeSH E02.190.044.133 - acupuncture, ear MeSH E02.190.044.244 - electroacupuncture MeSH E02.190.044.555 - ... meridians MeSH E02.190.044.555.035 - acupuncture points MeSH E02.190.044.588 - moxibustion MeSH E02.190.488.505 - medicine, ...
History of general anesthesia
Some authors believe that Hua Tuo may have discovered surgical analgesia by acupuncture, and that mafeisan either had nothing ... Lu GD; Needham J (2002). "Acupuncture and major surgery". Celestial lancets: a history and rationale of acupuncture and moxa. ... Guedel, A; Waters, R (1928). "A new intratracheal catheter". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 7 (4): 238-239. doi:10.1213/00000539- ... Nilsson E, Janssen PA (1961). "Neurolept-analgesia: an alternative to general anesthesia". Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica ...
Hua Tuo
Lu Gwei-Djen and Joseph Needham suggest Hua Tuo may have discovered surgical analgesia by acupuncture, "quite apart from the ... If he employed acupuncture, it was also only in one or two places. As he instated the needle, he would instruct the patient, "I ... Your body will feel relaxed and you'll have a good appetite." Fan A was skilled at acupuncture and inserted the needles to ... If a sickness were concentrated internally where the effect of acupuncture needles and medicines could not reach it, [Hua Tuo] ...
List of MeSH codes (E03)
MeSH E03.091.048 - acupuncture analgesia MeSH E03.091.080 - analgesia, epidural MeSH E03.091.110 - analgesia, obstetrical MeSH ... E03.091.120 - analgesia, patient-controlled MeSH E03.091.214 - audioanalgesia MeSH E03.091.646 - neuroleptanalgesia MeSH ...
Hanaoka Seishū
Some authors believe that Hua Tuo may have discovered surgical analgesia by acupuncture, and that mafeisan either had nothing ... Lu GD; Needham J (2002). "Acupuncture and major surgery". Celestial lancets: a history and rationale of acupuncture and moxa. ... Acupuncture Today. 9 (8). ISSN 1526-7784. Retrieved 2010-09-13. Wang Z; Ping C (1999). "Well-known medical scientists: Hua Tuo ...
Acupuncture
Wang SM, Kain ZN, White P (February 2008). "Acupuncture analgesia: I. The scientific basis". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 (2 ... Cosmetic acupuncture is the use of acupuncture in an attempt to reduce wrinkles on the face. Bee venom acupuncture is a ... Wang SM, Kain ZN, White PF (February 2008). "Acupuncture analgesia: II. Clinical considerations". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 ... individualized acupuncture is not better in reducing symptoms than formula acupuncture or sham acupuncture with a toothpick ...
Veterinary acupuncture
Various combinations of acupuncture points can be selected to induce electropuncture analgesia in animals. Generally, analgesia ... Schweitzer, A. (2013). "Chapter 19 Integrative medicine: Acupuncture analgesia". In William W. Muir III; John A.E. Hubbell; ... Acupuncture has also been used on competitive animals. There are veterinarians who use acupuncture along with herbs to treat ... Veterinary acupuncture is a form of traditional Chinese medicine and a pseudoscientific practice of performing acupuncture on ...
Childbirth in Sri Lanka
SLCOG recommends that birthing women be provided with adequate analgesia and the selection of pain relief is determined by ... acupuncture, herbalism and hypnosis. Women often recite pirith to control breathing during labor. This is a chant performed by ...
Obstetric anesthesiology
Labor analgesia was debated on the grounds of religion and morality, which John Simpson used as his own weapon against ... Non-pharmacological techniques include Lamaze breathing, acupuncture, acupressure, LeBoyer technique, transcutaneous nerve ... In 1921, the first vaginal delivery under spinal analgesia was reported by Kreiss in Germany. George Pitkin is credited with ... The natural benefits of such labor pains which initially inhibited the practice of obstetrical analgesia, originated from ...
Cancer pain
Oral analgesia is the cheapest and simplest mode of delivery. Other delivery routes such as sublingual, topical, transdermal, ... acupuncture, the most studied such treatment, has demonstrated no benefit as an adjunct analgesic in cancer pain; the evidence ... Often, low doses are adequate to produce analgesia, thought to be due to reduction in pressure or, possibly, interference with ... Johnson MI, Oxberry SG, Robb K (2008). "Stimulation-induced analgesia". In Sykes N, Bennett MI, Yuan CS (eds.). Clinical pain ...
Placebo
"A person might reinterpret a sharp pain as uncomfortable tingling." One way in which the magnitude of placebo analgesia can be ... as evidenced by a study of acupuncture. Additionally, motivation may contribute to the placebo effect. The active goals of an ... It has been known that placebo analgesia depends upon the release in the brain of endogenous opioids since 1978. Such analgesic ... Functional imaging upon placebo analgesia has been summarized as showing that the placebo response is "mediated by "top-down" ...
Pain management during childbirth
Acupuncture The use of acupuncture may be associated with fewer assisted vaginal births and caesarean sections. Continuous ... Opioids are a type of analgesia that is commonly used during childbirth to assist in pain relief. They can be injected directly ... Water immersion during the first stage of labor may help decrease the need for analgesia and possibly shorten the duration of ... The use of inhaled analgesia is commonly used in the UK, Finland, Australia, Singapore and New Zealand, and is gaining in ...
Pain
... systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups". BMJ. 338: ... Episodic analgesia may occur under special circumstances, such as in the excitement of sport or war: a soldier on the ... Ji M, Wang X, Chen M, Shen Y, Zhang X, Yang J (2015). "The Efficacy of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Sciatica: A Systematic ... Chang SC, Hsu CH, Hsu CK, Yang SS, Chang SJ (February 2017). "The efficacy of acupuncture in managing patients with chronic ...
Philip H. Sechzer
He was the inventor of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), now commonly used post-operatively. Sechzer graduated from New ... He was one of the first Western physicians to incorporate Eastern medicine, worked to legitimize acupuncture into standard ...
Complications of pregnancy
Non-invasive treatment options include activity modification, pelvic support garments, analgesia with or without short periods ... First-line treatments include ginger and acupuncture. Second-line treatments include vitamin B6 +/- doxylamine, antihistamines ...
Peter Kranke
Obstetric analgesia in German clinics. Remifentanil as alternative to regional analgesia. Anaesthesist. 2011 Nov; 60(11):995- ... acupuncture and medical quality management (Bavarian chamber of physicians) as well as qualifications with respect to the ... Anesthesia and Analgesia 2004; 99: 718-727 P. Kranke, A. M. Morin, N. Roewer, H. Wulf, L. H. Eberhart. The efficacy and safety ... Anesthesia and Analgesia 2002; 95: 133-143 A. Schnabel, L. Eberhart, A. Morin, H. van Aken, N. Roewer, P. Kranke. Efficacy and ...
Childbirth
Relaxation techniques, immersion in water, massage, and acupuncture may provide pain relief. Acupuncture and relaxation were ... Epidural analgesia is a generally safe and effective method of relieving pain in labour, but has been associated with longer ... Epidural analgesia has no statistically significant impact on the risk of caesarean section, and does not appear to have an ... Anim-Somuah M, Smyth RM, Cyna AM, Cuthbert A (May 2018). "Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia for pain management in ...
Metastatic breast cancer
Typically, pain from liver metastases responds to chemotherapy and analgesia. However, in cases when chemotherapy is ... chiropractic treatment and acupuncture. Some alternative treatments are harmful or even life-threatening. Amygdalin, an extract ...
Baghdad Battery
When linked in series, the cells had sufficient power to electroplate a small token and to deliver current to acupuncture type ... Paul T. Keyser, "The Purpose of the Parthian Galvanic Cells: A First-Century A.D. Electric Battery Used for Analgesia" Archived ...
Chan Gunn
... through the use of fine flexible acupuncture style needles. Although shortened muscles are impossible to see in MRI or X-ray ... Treatment with Stimulation-Produced Analgesia, Oxford University Press - ISBN 978-0-19-967410-7 Table of Contents Preview ... a treatment method which bridges the gap between western medicine and traditional Chinese acupuncture. Also a clinical ...
Caesarean section
Regional anaesthesia during caesarean section is different from the analgesia (pain relief) used in labor and vaginal delivery ... Following caesarean delivery, complementary and alternative therapies (e.g., acupuncture) may help to relieve pain, though ... "Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in ...
Endorphins
... the stimulation of sympathetic nerves by electro-acupuncture is believed to be the cause of its analgesic effects. Endorphins ... "Sympathetic activation triggers endogenous opioid release and analgesia within peripheral inflamed tissue". The European ...
Pain management in children
For children, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) can be used when parenteral administration is preferred. IV-PCA ... Hospitals may also hire individuals who specialize in music or art therapy, these therapies include acupuncture, biofeedback, ... and acupuncture have been proven to be effective for some patients. For recurrent abdominal pain a 2017 Cochrane review found ... acupuncture, heat/cold therapy, exercise, and quality sleep. Chronic pain in children is unresolved pain that affects ...
Insomnia
By producing analgesia and sedation, opioids may be appropriate in carefully selected patients with pain-associated insomnia. ... It is likewise unclear if acupuncture is useful in the treatment of insomnia. A survey of 1.1 million residents in the United ... Cheuk DK, Yeung WF, Chung KF, Wong V (September 2012). "Acupuncture for insomnia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ...
Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder
Acupuncture has been found to decrease pain levels and improve shoulder function and range of motion, particularly in shoulder ... The main treatment for adhesive capsulitis is a trial of conservative therapies, including analgesia, exercise, physiotherapy, ... Ben-Arie E, Kao PY, Lee YC, Ho WC, Chou LW, Liu HP (25 September 2020). "The Effectiveness of Acupuncture in the Treatment of ... Acupuncture combined with shoulder exercises was found to be more effective than shoulder exercise alone. However, further ...
List of traditional Chinese medicines
"Realgar, Acupuncture Today". Archived from the original on 2011-01-05. Retrieved 2011-03-14. "Galena, Acupuncture Today". ... White willow appears to be slower than aspirin to bring pain relief, but the analgesia may last longer. Arsenic sulfide (Xiong ... Scorpion, Acupuncture Todady Archived 2011-01-04 at the Wayback Machine "Harvard Gazette: Scorpion venom blocks bone loss". ... "Centipede, Acupuncture Today". Archived from the original on 2011-01-05. Retrieved 2011-03-14. Zhang, Huijie; Lan, Xinqiang; ...
Pain management
... systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups". BMJ. 338: ... Caraceni A, Zecca E, Martini C, De Conno F (June 1999). "Gabapentin as an adjuvant to opioid analgesia for neuropathic cancer ... sham and no acupuncture. A systematic review in 2019 reported that acupuncture injection therapy was an effective treatment for ... Acupuncture involves the insertion and manipulation of needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain or for ...
Maria Carmela Lico
After James Reston, while accompanying Richard Nixon in a trip to China, was subjected to post-operative acupuncture at the ... Reynolds, D.V. (1968). "Surgery in the rat during electrical analgesia induced by focal brain stimulation". Science. 164 (3878 ...
The Zoist
Mesmeric Analgesia: although The Zoist would become the major vehicle for the (post-1846) reports of James Esdaile's work in ... to which are added some Observations on the use of Acupuncture in Rheumatism", Medico-Chirurgical Transactions, Vol. 13, Part 2 ...
Acupuncture Analgesia and Radiant-heat Pain | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists
Acupuncture Analgesia and Radiant-heat Pain: A Signal-detection Analysis Mary Anne Lloyd, M.A.; Mary Anne Lloyd, M.A. ... Mary Anne Lloyd, Mervyn K. Wagner; Acupuncture Analgesia and Radiant-heat Pain: A Signal-detection Analysis. Anesthesiology ... Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018: A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists ... Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American ...
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Follow-up: Complications, Patient Education
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: Overview, Technical Considerations, Applications of Tens in Clinical Practice
DAlberto A. Auricular acupuncture in the treatment of cocaine/crack abuse: a review of the efficacy, the use of the National ... The mechanism of the analgesia produced by TENS is explained by the gate-control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965. [ ... Effects of acupuncture and placebo TENS in addition to exercise in treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis. Clin Rehabil. 2004 Dec ... Acupuncture relief of chronic pain syndrome correlates with increased plasma met-enkephalin concentrations. Lancet. 1983 Dec 17 ...
Acupuncture - Wikipedia
Wang SM, Kain ZN, White P (February 2008). "Acupuncture analgesia: I. The scientific basis". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 (2 ... Cosmetic acupuncture is the use of acupuncture in an attempt to reduce wrinkles on the face. Bee venom acupuncture is a ... Wang SM, Kain ZN, White PF (February 2008). "Acupuncture analgesia: II. Clinical considerations". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 106 ... individualized acupuncture is not better in reducing symptoms than formula acupuncture or sham acupuncture with a toothpick ...
Recent advances in elucidating pain mechanisms | Semantic Scholar
Frontiers | 5-Hydroxytryptamine, Glutamate, and ATP: Much More Than Neurotransmitters
Acupuncture leads to the release of ATP that acts on P2 receptors to produce, among other, analgesia (Burnstock, 2013; Tang et ... Tang, Y., Yin, H-y, Liu, J., Rubini, P., and Illes, P. (2019). P2X receptors and acupuncture analgesia. Brain Res. Bull. 151, ... Liu, C., Zhao, F., and Zhu, L. (1994b). Involvement of purines in analgesia produced by weak electro-acupuncture. Zhen Ci Yan ... Tang, Y., Yin, H. Y., Rubini, P., and Illes, P. (2016). Acupuncture-Induced Analgesia: a Neurobiological Basis in Purinergic ...
Potentiation of norepinephrine on rat acupuncture analgesia antagonized by an arcuate nucleus lesion or naloxone-blocked on...
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: Overview, Technical Considerations, Applications of Tens in Clinical Practice
DAlberto A. Auricular acupuncture in the treatment of cocaine/crack abuse: a review of the efficacy, the use of the National ... The mechanism of the analgesia produced by TENS is explained by the gate-control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965. [ ... Effects of acupuncture and placebo TENS in addition to exercise in treatment of rotator cuff tendinitis. Clin Rehabil. 2004 Dec ... Acupuncture relief of chronic pain syndrome correlates with increased plasma met-enkephalin concentrations. Lancet. 1983 Dec 17 ...
Acupuncture is a theatrical placebo: the end of a myth - DC's Improbable Science
article about acupuncture that he wrote for "Anesthesia and Analgesia" entitled "Acupuncture is a theatrical placebo: the end ... If, indeed, sham acupuncture is no different from real acupuncture the apparent improvement that may be seen after acupuncture ... but against Acupuncture in a general term including: TCM Acupuncture, CSP approved evidence based - Physio Specific Acupuncture ... 63 Responses to Acupuncture is a theatrical placebo: the end of a myth. * Acupuncture is a theatrical placebo: the end of a ...
Qigong Institute
Plus it
... a dissociation between acupuncture analgesia and expectancy evoked placebo analgesia. Neuroimage 45:940-949. ... As mentioned, placebo analgesia and remifentanil analgesia share many mechanisms; future research should examine whether and ... In two studies, we examined the relationship between opioid analgesia and placebo analgesia by manipulating expectations and ... Placebo and opioid analgesia both target the opioid system (Levine et al., 1978; Eippert et al., 2009) and affect opioid-rich ...
Acupuncture anaesthesia for open heart surgery | Heart
1987) Physiologic and neurochemical basis of acupuncture analgesia. in The international textbook of cardiology. ed Cheng TO ( ... To transform acupuncture from a form of traditional medicine for relief of pain to a form of anaesthesia for open heart surgery ... Open heart surgery under acupuncture anaesthesia is depicted on this 8 cent Chinese stamp issued in 1975 as part of a set of ... The four Chinese characters at right lower corner of the stamp stand for acupuncture anaesthesia. The other three stamps in the ...
中国针灸学概要 (豆瓣)
CHAPTER II A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA. I. PRInNCIPLES OF SELECTING POINTS FOR ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA. 1. ... SOME EXAMPLES OF SELECTING POINTS FOR ACUPUNCTURE ANALGESIA. INDEX OF THE ACUPUNCTURE POINTS. ERRATA. · · · · · · (收起) ... PART III Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy (Appendix: Cupping). CHAPTEB 1 TECHNIQUE OF ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION. I. ... 6. Management of possible accidents in acupuncture. II. OTHER ACUPUNCTURE METHODS. 1. The three-edged needle. 2. The cutaneous ...
CN104759028A - Intelligent therapy equipment with traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping functions ...
The intelligent therapy equipment solves the functional problems that most electric acupuncture apparatuses are undiversified ... leads are disordered and the working efficiency and the environmental cleanness are influenced because various acupuncture, ... in impulse modes and narrow in frequency and strength ranges and cannot simulate the traditional acupuncture manipulation; the ... The invention discloses intelligent therapy equipment with traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture, moxibustion and cupping ...
Published Articles | Helms Medical Institute
Published articles in the public domain on acupuncture ... Acupuncture Analgesia: I. The Scientific Basis. Author(s): Wang ... Acupuncture wins BMA approval. Author(s): Kemper, K. et al.. Acupuncture: A Clinical Review. Author(s): Sierpina, S. and M. ... Acupuncture Anesthesia and Analgesia for Clinical Acute Pain in Japan. Author(s): Taguchi, R. ... Acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain. Author(s): Vickers, A.. Acupuncture in the treatment of scoliosis - a single ...
Qigong Institute
Positive Health Online | Article - Acupuncture: East Meets West
Some practitioners in the West have questioned the necessity of practising acupuncture exclusively as traditionally taught. Are ... A comparison of acupuncture with intra-articular steroid injection as analgesia for osteoarthritis of the hip. Acupuncture in ... Acupuncture: East Meets West. by Dr Richard Halvorsen(more info). listed in acupuncture, originally published in issue 44 - ... Single point acupuncture can be used, for example PC6 on the forearm to treat nausea.[4] Segmental acupuncture is based on the ...
Multimodal Analgesia in Los Angeles, CA | VCA Animal Specialty Group
Get exceptional Multimodal Analgesia services from highly experienced & loving pet care professionals in Los Angeles, CA. Visit ... These can include physical rehabilitation, massage, laser therapy, acupuncture, as well as diet. ... Multimodal analgesia is simultaneous administration of 2 or more analgesic drugs (pain medications) affecting different parts ... Different ways to administer these drugs also can be included in multimodal analgesia (pain relief). These can include (but are ...
P2X3 Receptor in Primary Afferent Neurons Mediates the Relief of Visceral Hypersensitivity by Electroacupuncture in an...
... receptors in the peripheral and central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. ,i, ... Z. Q. Zhao, "Neural mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia," Progress in Neurobiology, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 355-375, 2008. ... Acupuncture can play a role in relieving visceral pain by acting on both gastrointestinal motility [10] and paresthesia. Our ... H. R. Liu, X. M. Wang, E. H. Zhou et al., "Acupuncture at both ST25 and ST37 improves the pain threshold of chronic visceral ...
Placebo and naloxone can alter post-surgical pain by separate mechanisms
Environmental and surgical stress and certain forms of transcutaneous electrical stimulation or acupuncture appear to activate ... We report here evidence that placebo analgesia can occur after blockade of opioid mechanisms by naloxone and that naloxone can ... Environmental and surgical stress and certain forms of transcutaneous electrical stimulation or acupuncture appear to activate ... Placebo reduces post-surgical pain in comparison with no treatment, and this analgesia is apparently reversed by the opioid ...
The key difference between alternative medicine and evidence-based medicine | ScienceBlogs
In the case of acupuncture there werent any ancient observations since acupuncture as we know was invented in the 1930s. As ... I dont find it "unhealthy" to take codeine when you break your arm just because the folks who invented opioid analgesia were " ... Why are relaxation exercises more Science-based than acupuncture? I wouldnt be surprised to find that acupuncture has been the ... Krebiozen - Why are relaxation exercises more Science-based than acupuncture? I wouldnt be surprised to find that acupuncture ...
Acupuncture for pain relief during childbirth<...
CONCLUSION: Acupuncture reduces the need for other methods of analgesia in childbirth. ... acupuncture group) with that in 90 women not given acupuncture (control group). RESULTS: 52 women (58%) in the acupuncture ... acupuncture group) with that in 90 women not given acupuncture (control group). RESULTS: 52 women (58%) in the acupuncture ... acupuncture group) with that in 90 women not given acupuncture (control group). RESULTS: 52 women (58%) in the acupuncture ...
LZ-8 protein, Ganoderma lucidum | Semantic Scholar
Electroacupuncture Reduces the Effects of Acute Noxious Stimulation on the Electrical Activity of Pain-Related Neurons in the...
... signaling pathway is involved in the modulation of EA analgesia. ... To study the effects of acupuncture analgesia on the ... Acupuncture analgesia has been gradually accepted by people due to its advantages, but its mechanism has not yet been clarified ... X. T. Zhang, "The integration of thalamus in the process of acupuncture analgesia," Scientia Sinica Mathematio, vol. 1, pp. 28- ... As a part of the limbic system, the hippocampus is associated with memory, but also with pain and acupuncture analgesia. The ...
Which Diseases Can be Helped by Acupuncture? - Healthy.net
It is therefore impossible to give a clear idea of the success of acupuncture in some of the conditions which will be… ... In the field of acupuncture few good clinical research trials have been completed, and there has also been very poor follow-up ... The Use of Acupuncture in Obstetrics. In China the major use of acupuncture in obstetrics is to provide analgesia (pain relief ... This report finds acupuncture a superior form of analgesia compared to other forms of pain relief (general or epidural ...
Traditional institutions and participation
Go on, you deserve it. Slap yourself with a Healing Broom - The Quackometer Blog
It compared acupuncture to sham acupuncture or no acupuncture without patients being aware of whether they had received real or ... This paper appeared in the journal Anesthesia & Analgesia. You ought to read it. ... It compared acupuncture to sham acupuncture or no acupuncture without patients being aware of whether they had received real or ... Ask yourself why acupuncture survived the scrutiny?. There are conditions that Acupuncture has not been shown to be effective ...
Traditional Knowledge and Sustainable Development (WB): Summary of the conference proceedings: Contributions of traditional...
US8712512B2 - Apparatus and method for exerting force on a subject tissue - Google Patents
Course Content - #35270: Multimodal Pharmacotherapy for Pain Management - NetCE
They are thought to largely mediate analgesia from acupuncture, massage, hydrotherapy, and transcutaneous electrical nerve ... All three opioid receptor types mediate spinal analgesia. Supraspinal analgesia is primarily mediated by mu opioid receptor ... Spinal level analgesia appears to elevate pain thresholds [46].. Supraspinal Level. At supraspinal levels, opioids produce ... Opioid analgesia results from a complex series of neuronal interactions, largely mediated by the high density of opioid ...
AnesthesiaTreatmentsNeedlesEffect of acupunctureElectro-AcupuncturePlacebo analgesiaPainClinicalAcupressureTheatrical placeboStimulationElectroacupunctureMoxibustionABSTRACTAnalgesic effects of acupunctureMedical AcupunctureTrialsEfficacy of acupunctureAcupuncturistsCourse of acupunctureNeedleModalitiesManual acupunctureTherapyBenefits of acupuncturePostoperative analgesiaScalp AcupunctureProduce analgesiaComplementary and AlteTherapies2017PracticePeripheralSpinalMassagePatientsModalityStudies on acupunctureEffectiveness of acupunctureTreatment of rheumatoid arthritisTENSTraditional ChineseLaser acupunctureEffectsMethodsAdjunctStatistically significantIneffectiveSystematic review and meta-analysis
Anesthesia16
- Anesthesia & Analgesia is the official journal of the International Anesthesia Research Society. (dcscience.net)
- Anesthesia & Analgesia , June 2013 116:1360-1363. (dcscience.net)
- Is acupuncture analgesia effective to use during surgery instead of anesthesia medication? (acufinder.com)
- Acupuncture Analgesia Acupuncture is used for anesthesia. (acufinder.com)
- In addition to being a Diplomate of the America College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, he has published several journal articles and book chapters and has presented at many national and international conferences on topics related to anesthesia and analgesia in both small and large animal species. (a3shop.hu)
- The findings were published in the December 2008 issue of Anesthesia and Analgesia. (csacu.com)
- What future is there when David Colquhoun (a University College of London pharmacologist who conducted extensive research in ion channel function of receptor/synaptic mechanisms) and Steven Novella (Yale Neurologist) concluded that after over 3000 trials, acupuncture is no better than theatrical placebo, as published in Anesthesia and Analgesia in 2013? (theacupunctureobserver.com)
- Since 2000, Dr. Wright has been board certified in veterinary anesthesia and analgesia by the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia . (mistralvet.com)
- Dr. Wright currently volunteers at the Denver Zoo, where she offers services in the areas of anesthesia, pain consultations, and acupuncture. (mistralvet.com)
- An excellent paper written by acupuncture skeptics David Colquhoun and Steve Novella was recently published in a journal called Anesthesia and Analgesia . (debunkingdenialism.com)
- Anesthesia and Analgesia is an open access journal, so the full paper is available for free on the journal website. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- the author and scientist Simon Singh revealed that the open heart surgery performed in China in the 1970s (allegedly only using acupuncture for pain relief) was done on a patient who got multiple, strong sedatives and local anesthesia. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- In an article " Acupuncture is Theatrical Placebo " in the journal Anesthesia and Analgesia , Dr. David Colquhoun and Dr. Steven Novella survey almost 3,000 clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture. (ryongraf.com)
- Electro-therapy was first combined with acupuncture in China in the 1950s as adjunct anesthesia to reduce the amount of drug anesthetics required during surgery. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- Electro-acupuncture, also described as Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS), was first developed in China in the 1950s to provide adjunct anesthesia to reduce the amount of pharmacological anesthetics required during surgery. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- 1 Epidural analgesia is commonly used to alleviate labor pain with a reported rate of over 50% at many institutions in the United States and over 85% in tertiary care labor and delivery centers with 24-hour obstetric anesthesia coverage. (asahq.org)
Treatments22
- METHODS: The analgesic effect of acupuncture during childbirth was assessed by comparing the need for other pain treatments (epidural analgesia using bupivacaine, pudendal nerve block, intramuscular meperidine, nitrous oxide/oxygen, intracutaneous sterile water injections) in 90 women given acupuncture (acupuncture group) with that in 90 women not given acupuncture (control group). (lu.se)
- The Chinese also treat their patients for long periods and a stroke patient may receive one hundred or two hundred acupuncture treatments before being declared a success or a failure. (healthy.net)
- A recent study conducted by Dubai Wellbeing Center led by 17 experts showed that acupuncture and Chinese treatments are a better alternative than existing treatments and have no side effects. (clickpress.com)
- The Acupuncture Evidence Project reviewed the effectiveness of acupuncture for 122 treatments over 14 clinical areas. (evidencebasedacupuncture.org)
- Indeed, this new data illustrates that acupuncture is one of the most widely recommended treatments in modern medicine. (evidencebasedacupuncture.org)
- and patients may be tempted to use acupuncture instead of treatments that are truly effective. (skepdoc.info)
- I've received treatments of all sorts, but mostly Tuina & Acupuncture. (cainhealingarts.net)
- Actual acupuncture treatments were compared with sham acupuncture treatments throughout the study in order to obtain the results. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- A 2016 study published by The Cochrane Review concluded acupuncture treatments can not only relieve the pain associated with headaches, but it can help to control or prevent migraines before they happen. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- This study involved 1,802 patients and 13,475 treatments and concluded that acupuncture "constituted a strong treatment alternative to multimodal conventional therapy, giving physicians a promising and effective treatment option for chronic lower back pain. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- In Sweden, a 2008 study involving 215 cancer patients proved that acupuncture can eliminate the need for additional drugs and reduce nausea suffered during radiation treatments. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- A 2007 study from the University of Heidelberg in Germany concluded that acupuncture treatments can not only relieve the pain associated with bronchial asthma but also help to control outbreaks of allergic asthma as well. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- For the analytical evaluation, the researchers pulled publication data from established sources and repositories, namely, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases, ultimately incorporating 682 adult, middle-aged patients, of whom a little over half received acupuncture or related treatments, whereas the remainder received regular medical therapy (control group). (inscientioveritas.org)
- So, one of the acupuncture modalities had no difference in its outcomes, both pain score and opioid use, compared to the control treatments. (inscientioveritas.org)
- In 1998 , a study found that acupuncture treatments from 36 weeks on wards had a positive effect on shortening the first stage of labour, which is defined from 3cm cervical dilation to complete dilation of 10cm. (vancouverislandacupuncture.com)
- Large multicenter clinical trials conducted in Germany (references 7-10) and the United States (reference 11) consistently revealed that verum (or true) acupuncture and sham acupuncture treatments are no different in decreasing pain levels across multiple chronic pain disorders: migraine, tension headache, low back pain, and osteoarthritis of the knee. (ryongraf.com)
- Patients often report they sleep better after combined alpha-stim/acupuncture treatments. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- A clinical study conducted in China in 2010, has concluded that acupuncture is a "safe and effective" treatment for mood disorders including depression and severe anxiety, in some cases proving to increase the effectiveness of medication-based treatments. (kimdunlop.com)
- To make safe and informed decisions about referring patients for acupuncture treatments, nurse practitioners must understand the basic theory, applications and training requirements for acupuncturists. (elitelearning.com)
- 1 Acupuncture treatments are aimed at manipulating the flow of energy by restoring balance and harmony in the body. (elitelearning.com)
- In a retrospective follow-up study, n=202, long-term pain relief (>6 months) after a course of acupuncture treatments was found mainly among patients with chronic nociceptive pain while patients with neurogenic or psychogenic pain did not benefit much. (dissertations.se)
- Treatments may be manual or may involve acupuncture sessions. (nxtbook.com)
Needles17
- It requires years of training to begin to understand the traditional Chinese system of medicine, and you just stick a few needles in tender spots and have the cheek to call that acupuncture. (positivehealth.com)
- He had been on a week-end acupuncture course, and had cautiously been inserting a few needles in some of his patients (as he called them), who had mainly painful conditions, but he had been quite pleased with his limited success so far and was not going to be put off his stride by his irate friend. (positivehealth.com)
- Look," he replied, "I may not be practising the sort of acupuncture that you do, but it is still acupuncture which, as far as I understand it, means inserting needles in someone to obtain a beneficial effect. (positivehealth.com)
- Acupuncture is a complimentary treatment option that involves inserting stainless steel needles into the skin at specified points called acupoints to physically stimulate the body. (biomedcentral.com)
- The needles used in acupuncture are monofilaments. (performancechiropractic.com)
- Acupuncture typically includes manual stimulation of needles, but there are variations commonly used, such as electrical stimulation and heat stimulation of needles, which is called moxibustion: the moxa herb, Artemisia vulgaris , is burned at the handle end of the needle. (biomedcentral.com)
- Similar to traditional acupuncture, the sham therapy entails inserting needles into the skin but the acupuncturist avoids meridians or areas of the body that Chinese medicine teaches contains vital energy associated with achieving balance needed for good health. (csacu.com)
- One of the barriers to treatment with acupuncture is getting people to understand that while needles are used it is not a painful experience," Gan says. (csacu.com)
- Today's acupuncture uses very thin needles, much thinner than a hypodermic needle. (nickysnazell.com)
- Acupuncture needles inserted at pericardium 6 (P6) point (in both wrists) after induction, removed prior to emergence, versus dressings only (sham acupuncture). (spanza.org.au)
- 1,2 While we know acupuncture has various mechanisms within the body, the Gate Control Theory explains how stimulation of A-β fibers by acupuncture needles leads to stimulation of an inhibitory interneuron within the spinal cord. (watcvm.org)
- The best controlled studies tested "proper" acupuncture, where the needles were inserted to key regions associated with traditional chinese medicine, and "sham" acupuncture, where needles were inserted to regions slightly off, or wholly off target. (ryongraf.com)
- For this reason I think that counseling, meditation, massage, and even acupuncture could have their place (if one likes the idea of having needles stuck into them. (ryongraf.com)
- Electro-acupuncture is generally more comfortable than the strong manual stimulation of acupuncture needles than can be needed to bring about pain relief. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- At specific acupuncture points just beneath the skin surface and along meridians, the acupuncturist inserts ultra-thin, hair-like needles (0.22 mm to 0.25 mm in diameter) of varying lengths (0.5 inches to 3.0 inches) to correct the flow of chi. (elitelearning.com)
- In electroacupuncture, which is often used for musculoskeletal problems such as arthritis, low back pain and sciatica, the acupuncturist inserts pairs of needles into acupuncture points. (elitelearning.com)
- Sham acupuncture uses retractable needles that do not pierce the skin. (ajmedicine.org)
Effect of acupuncture8
- BACKGROUND: There are few studies on acupuncture in childbirth despite the generally established analgesic effect of acupuncture treatment. (lu.se)
- This review reveals that the mechanisms underlying the effect of acupuncture involve multiple pathways and targets, suggesting that acupuncture is a wholistic treatment for people rather than for diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- The main analysis revealed a positive overall effect of acupuncture intervention on pre/post-treatment differences in the diameter of the elbow joint, reductions in upper limb lymphoedema and effectiveness index based on arm measurement data in patients with breast cancer. (wordpress.com)
- Grabow, L. Controlled study of the analgesic effect of acupuncture. (feelycenter.com)
- We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled study to evaluate the effect of acupuncture pretreatment on the analgesic requirement after knee arthroscopy. (ocom.edu)
- ABSTRACT PURPOSE : To investigate the analgesic effect of acupuncture (AP) or micro-dose pharmacopuncture (PA), using carprofen or morphine, in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE). (bvsalud.org)
- This means that the beneficial effect of acupuncture for pain is even less than small. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- A randomized controlled trial in 2001 by Rabl and team that included 45 women studied the effect of acupuncture on cervical ripening in the hope of reducing inductions. (vancouverislandacupuncture.com)
Electro-Acupuncture11
- Based on treatment type, the global electrotherapy market is segmented into Transcutaneous Spinal Electro Analgesia (TSE), Interferential Current Therapy (IC), Pulsed Short Wave Diathermy (PSWD), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), Electro-Acupuncture (EA), Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS), and others. (biospace.com)
- B ) Our results demonstrate that electro-acupuncture can produce improvement in symptoms, median nerve function, and S1 neuroplasticity, with objective changes following therapy (median nerve function, functional S1 neuroplasticity) directly predicting long-term symptom improvement. (wordpress.com)
- When appropriate, we also offer non-needle methods including electro-acupuncture, applying a gentle current to stimulate the points. (performancechiropractic.com)
- The second study compared electro-acupuncture to sham acupuncture. (biomedcentral.com)
- Electro- acupuncture was originally developed for use as analgesia in surgery. (nickysnazell.com)
- However, the benefits of electro- acupuncture were soon recognised for the control and treatment of pain. (nickysnazell.com)
- The owner wished to avoid surgery for the problem and therefore medical management with electro-acupuncture, stifle brace, NSAID therapy and joint supplementation was initiated. (curacore.org)
- Electro-acupuncture enhances both the duration and intensity of acupuncture's pain relief. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- At the Acupuncture Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Clinic, we use only the highest-quality Pantheon devices that are used in scientific research to provide electro-acupuncture. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- Micro-current electro-therapy is more subtle than milli-amp electro-acupuncture, and is primarily used for tissue healing rather than pain control. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- Micro-current acupuncture is also a safe alternative for patients who find they are too sensitive for milli-amp electro-acupuncture. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
Placebo analgesia5
- In two studies, we examined the relationship between opioid analgesia and placebo analgesia by manipulating expectations and remifentanil concentration. (jneurosci.org)
- Several studies also suggest that this opioid system mediates placebo analgesia. (nih.gov)
- We report here evidence that placebo analgesia can occur after blockade of opioid mechanisms by naloxone and that naloxone can produce hyperalgesia independent of the placebo effect. (nih.gov)
- The combined action of these effects is sufficient to explain the reversal of placebo analgesia by naloxone. (nih.gov)
- Brain imaging studies have found measurable changes in the neural activity of people experiencing placebo analgesia. (ajmedicine.org)
Pain102
- Usually, the electrodes are initially placed on the skin over the painful area, but other locations (eg, over cutaneous nerves, trigger points, acupuncture sites) may give comparable or even better pain relief. (medscape.com)
- The relations between SSR and acupuncture-related analgesia are reviewed so that a targeted pain therapy where in certain areas of the body undergo site-specific somatic stimulation, which in turn, can adjust the impaired regional blood circulation is developed. (semanticscholar.org)
- Electroacupuncture-induced analgesia in a rat model of ankle sprain pain is mediated by spinal alpha-adrenoceptors. (hmieducation.com)
- To transform acupuncture from a form of traditional medicine for relief of pain to a form of anaesthesia for open heart surgery is truly a great leap forward. (bmj.com)
- Electroacupuncture (EA) has been confirmed effectiveness in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and P2X 3 receptors in the peripheral and central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. (hindawi.com)
- 7 , 8 ] confirmed that P2X 3 , P2X 2/3 , and other receptors can transmit nociceptive information to the pain center and raised the hypothesis that "the essence underlying the effects of traditional Chinese acupuncture is the purinergic signal" [ 9 ], which provides a new idea for research on the mechanism of acupuncture. (hindawi.com)
- Acupuncture can play a role in relieving visceral pain by acting on both gastrointestinal motility [ 10 ] and paresthesia. (hindawi.com)
- Our previous clinical and animal studies have also confirmed the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of IBS [ 11 - 13 ] and initially revealed that the P2X 2 , P2X 3 , and P2Y 1 receptors in the peripheral neurons of the colon and in central neurons participate in the acupuncture-mediated relief of the visceral pain in IBS. (hindawi.com)
- Especially, P2X 3 receptors play an important role in mediating the occurrence and maintenance of pain in neurons of the intestinal myenteric plexus, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal dorsal horn, prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex in a rat model of IBS with visceral hypersensitivity [ 14 ], and acupuncture can achieve visceral pain relief through purinergic receptors at different levels of the brain-gut axis. (hindawi.com)
- In this study, starting from the mechanism by which P2X 3 receptors in the colon and colon-associated DRG are involved in the EA-mediated alleviation of IBS visceral hypersensitivity, we investigated the acupuncture-mediated regulation of the peripheral sensitization of visceral pain to provide an experimental basis for the interpretation of the mechanism by which acupuncture relieves visceral pain. (hindawi.com)
- Multimodal analgesia is simultaneous administration of 2 or more analgesic drugs (pain medications) affecting different parts of the pain pathway, simultaneously. (vcahospitals.com)
- Different ways to administer these drugs also can be included in multimodal analgesia (pain relief). (vcahospitals.com)
- Placebo reduces post-surgical pain in comparison with no treatment, and this analgesia is apparently reversed by the opioid antagonist, naloxone. (nih.gov)
- Before discussing the effects of acupuncture on such pain, it is important to clarify the conditions that are collectively called 'rheumatic' as some rheumatic diseases respond well to acupuncture whilst others seem to respond less well. (healthy.net)
- To study the effects of acupuncture analgesia on the hippocampus, we observed the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor on pain-excited neurons (PENs) and pain-inhibited neurons (PINs) in the hippocampal area CA1 of sham or chronic constrictive injury (CCI) rats. (hindawi.com)
- In the past few decades, neuropathic pain animal models have been used to study pain mechanisms and analgesia effects. (hindawi.com)
- Acupuncture has been widely applied in China and other Asian countries for thousands of years to ameliorate a number of diseases, including acute and chronic pain. (hindawi.com)
- Whatever acupuncture is, there is a real analgesia effect as demonstrated that pain relief is blocked by administering the opioid blocker, naloxone. (antipope.org)
- An exploration of how acupuncture to achieve analgesia, an ancient modality, is used to treat a variety of pain levels in animal patients. (ivcjournal.com)
- Doctor Li Dong, head of diabetic treatment & research at 'Cha-slu', Dubai Wellbeing Center said: 'Many assume that acupuncture is only suitable for treating pain, perhaps because the initial introduction of acupuncture to the west in 1972 was with flashy stories about analgesia provided by acupuncture during surgery. (clickpress.com)
- It is no longer possible to say that the effectiveness of acupuncture can be attributed to the placebo effect or that it is useful only for musculoskeletal pain. (evidencebasedacupuncture.org)
- Originally acupuncture was claimed to work for a long laundry list of things, but only two things passed the tests: pain and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). (skepdoc.info)
- Brockhaus, A. and Elger, C.E. Hypalgesic efficiency of acupuncture on experimental pain in man: Comparison of laser acupuncture and needle acupuncture. (feelycenter.com)
- Acupuncture and subtypes of chronic pain: assessment of long-term results. (feelycenter.com)
- Aqueous acupuncture for postoperative pain-a matched, controlled trial. (feelycenter.com)
- Erickson, R.J. Acupuncture for chronic pain treatment: Its effects on office visits and the use of analgesics in a prepaid plan-a feasibility study. (feelycenter.com)
- Erickson, R.J. Acupuncture for chronic pain: a study of its efficacy, and an evaluation of its effect on utilization of medical services in a prepaid health plan. (feelycenter.com)
- Acupuncture-like stimulation with codatron for rehabilitation of patients with chronic pain syndrome and osteoarthritis. (feelycenter.com)
- Filshie, J. Acupuncture for malignant pain. (feelycenter.com)
- Acupuncture and chronic pain mechanisms. (feelycenter.com)
- Treatment of chronic pain with acupuncture. (feelycenter.com)
- Therapeutic trial of acupuncture in phantom limb pain of amputees. (feelycenter.com)
- Nissel, H. Pain treatment by means of acupuncture. (feelycenter.com)
- Common factors contributing to intractible pain and medical problems with insufficient drug uptake in areas to be treated, and their pathogenesis and treatment: Part I. Combined use of medication with acupuncture, (+) Qi gong energy-stored material, soft laser, or electrical stimulation. (feelycenter.com)
- The role of acupuncture analgesia in the management of postoperative pain is yet to be clearly evaluated. (ocom.edu)
- Visual analogue pain scores, time to first postoperative analgesia and total analgesia requirement in the first 24 h were recorded. (ocom.edu)
- It has also been tried as an adjunct to intraspinal opioid analgesia: reverses respiratory depression without abolishing pain relief. (pharmacy180.com)
- In planning a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture, we conducted a pilot study using validated outcome measures to assess the feasibility of the protocol, and to obtain preliminary data on efficacy and tolerability of 3 different forms of acupuncture treatment as an adjunct for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (biomedcentral.com)
- The objective of this study is to systematically review and analyze the efficacy of acupuncture for pain caused by primary liver cancer (PLC). (wjtcm.net)
- The results showed that acupuncture effectively improved cancer pain and was superior to Western medicine. (wjtcm.net)
- Moreover, acupuncture was fast-acting for pain relief, prolonged the relief, and prevented relapse. (wjtcm.net)
- Acupuncture relieves pain caused by liver cancer and can be used as an adjunct and alternative therapy for drug treatment. (wjtcm.net)
- CONCLUSION: Acupuncture or pharmacopuncture were equally effective as morphine or carprofen to control postoperative pain in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. (bvsalud.org)
- It was a subsequent paper published a week later, a systematic review of acupuncture in low back pain (LBP),[2] that led me to considering devoting a blog to the topic. (bmas.blog)
- Low back pain in athletes can be controlled with acupuncture by a catecholaminergic pathway: clinical trial. (bmas.blog)
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of acupuncture on pain and function in non-specific low back pain. (bmas.blog)
- In addition to many musculoskeletal and common conditions that have been helped by acupuncture, acupuncture has an increasing role in palliative medicine for both pain and non painful symptoms. (icmart.org)
- Analgesia is the medical treatment used to control the pain. (scitechnol.com)
- In China, a February 2013 study conducted by the Clinical Journal of Pain concluded that low back pain, the most common musculoskeletal problem, can be relieved by acupuncture with little to no adverse side effects. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- In a systematic review published by Spine Journal, acupuncture has been shown to have significantly favorable effects on chronic low back pain. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- In addition to its effectiveness in pain control, acupuncture has a proven track record of treating a variety of endocrine, circulatory and systemic conditions. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- The study found acupuncture to be effective in the realm of managing pain experienced as a result of having fibromyalgia. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- The study even went on to strongly recommend those with fibromyalgia seek acupuncture treatment in order to help manage their pain. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- The results supported acupuncture for menstrual irregularity, menstrual pain, ovulatory dysfunction and infertility. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- Best Acupuncture Specializes in Chronic Pain in Flatiron, New York, NY. (adachiacupuncture.com)
- In Canada, a 2008 study conducted by the Institute for Work & Health concluded that low back pain, the most common musculoskeletal problem, can be relieved by acupuncture massage, called Tui Na, more effectively than any other treatment. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- A German study published in Archives of Internal Medicine in 2007 covered the largest and most rigorous trial ever undertaken to investigate the analgesic effects of acupuncture versus traditional medical approaches to relieve lower back pain. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- Acupuncture stimulates the release of norepinephrine, acetylcholine and several types of opioids, affecting changes in their turnover rate, normalizing the autonomic nervous system, and reducing pain. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- Acupuncture for chronic low back pain. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- A randomized trial comparing acupuncture, simulated acupuncture, and usual care for chronic low back pain. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- Western acupuncture as taught today is a small subset of Chinese acupuncture, combining needling to local areas of pain or spasm, 'Ah Shi' points, sometimes called trigger points, plus some use of Chinese points, but without reference to Chinese theory. (nickysnazell.com)
- This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis undertaken by the authors to evaluate if, in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adult subjects, acupuncture and related modalities are effective in treating postoperative acute pain (resulting from trauma of or during surgery), for which the current standard of medical care is the use of opioid analgesics despite its undesirable side-effects. (inscientioveritas.org)
- Our findings indicate that certain modes of acupuncture improved postoperative pain on the first day after surgery and reduced opioid use. (inscientioveritas.org)
- Our findings support the use of acupuncture as adjuvant therapy in treating postoperative pain. (inscientioveritas.org)
- From their analysis of multiple published studies, the authors determined that patients receiving acupuncture had less overall pain and were in less acute pain (which would necessitate use of opioid analgesics on the first day right after surgery). (inscientioveritas.org)
- When compared to Control (non-acupuncture) treatment, conventional acupuncture and transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulation (TEAS) were associated with less pain on postoperative day 1, while electroacupuncture was similar to control (P = 0.116). (inscientioveritas.org)
- Beyond the Gate Theory, we now know there are also a host of other local, segmental (spinal cord), and suprasegmental (brain) effects of acupuncture that function to decrease nociceptive signaling and pain perception in the body. (watcvm.org)
- While the World Health Organization identified acupuncture as a useful modality for management of post-operative pain in humans in 2002, recent studies have identified efficacy for pre-, intra-, and post-operative pain relief for dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy, 4 hemilaminectomy, 5,6 and a variety of other surgical interventions. (watcvm.org)
- Acupuncture has also been recognized as pain management for naturally-occurring orthopedic or musculoskeletal disease, including coxofemoral osteoarthritis in dogs and thoracolumbar and gluteal pain in horses. (watcvm.org)
- With all this information, it is no surprise that acupuncture is quickly being integrated into multimodal pain management plans in veterinary medicine. (watcvm.org)
- Being diploma holder, knowledge of obstetric analgesia and thought of pharmacologic obstetric analgesia has effect on the labor were the factors that responsible for labor pain management practice. (researchsquare.com)
- large studies that look at different chronic pain conditions show that real acupuncture does not provide any better clinical outcomes than sham acupuncture. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- This shows that acupuncture is a placebo effect and not clinically useful for patients with chronic pain conditions. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- ABSTRACT Background: Acupuncture is a treatment for neuropathic pain, but its mechanism remains unclear. (scielo.org)
- Objective: This study aimed to determine the role that ecto-5'-nucleotidase plays in EA-induced analgesia for neuropathic pain. (scielo.org)
- Pain-Relief Acupuncture treatment accelerates the release of endogenous opioid peptides (enkephalin, β-endorphin, endomorphin and dynorphin) in the central nervous system which provides effective analgesia. (yoonclinic.ca)
- At this stage amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, that may be useful for chronic pain was introduced and his specialist recommended a 4-week course of acupuncture. (yourvetspecialist.org)
- Western scientific research has proposed that acupuncture might relive pain based on the premise of gate control theory of pain. (horseshoevalleychiro.com)
- This means that one type of sensory input (example low back pain) could be inhibited in the central nervous system by another type of input (acupuncture needling). (horseshoevalleychiro.com)
- There is also evidence that acupuncture may stimulate the production of endorphins, serotonin, opiod peptides and acetylcholine within the central nervous system, enhancing analgesia (reduced pain). (horseshoevalleychiro.com)
- It's a relatively short read and I highly recommend giving it a look if you or anyone you know has even the remotest inkling to use acupuncture to treat chronic pain. (ryongraf.com)
- Under these conditions, both "sham" and "proper" acupuncture are equally consistently ineffective at combating chronic pain. (ryongraf.com)
- Electrical stimulation enhances both the duration and intensity of acupuncture€™s pain relief. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- Beyond short-term pain relief, PENS analgesia also interrupts neuromuscular pain/spasm cycles, and can facilitate the gains in joint range-of-motion crucial to physical rehabilitation. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- We proposed the notion physical analgesia for the application of physical factors for pain management. (imedpub.com)
- The Blogging Life: Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management in labour. (lifehealinglife.com)
- Less intense pain was found from acupuncture compared with no intervention (standardised mean difference (SMD) -1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.33 to -0.67, one trial, 163 women). (lifehealinglife.com)
- In a placebo-controlled randomised single-blind long-term study with independent observer of chronic nociceptive low back pain, n=50, it was found that acupuncture, was significantly superior to true placebo in all outcome measurements, even more than 6 months after the treatment series. (dissertations.se)
- Pain Management in Veterinary Practice offers specific strategies for addressing pain in animals, including local and regional analgesia, continuous rate infusions, and novel methods of analgesic drug delivery. (vetbooks.fr)
- Vitaly also holds a secondary appointment at the Pain Management Center at Brigham and Women's Hospital, where he practices acupuncture. (oshercenter.org)
- Evoked pain analgesia in chronic pelvic pain patients using respiratory-gated auricular vagal afferent nerve stimulation. (oshercenter.org)
- In the present investigation, literature from articles indexed on PubMed was evaluated including topics of alternative therapies, complimentary therapies, pain psychology, biofeedback therapy, physical exercise therapies, acupuncture, natural and herbal supplements, whole-body cryotherapy, and smartphone technologies in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. (springer.com)
- When compared to that in sham controls, acupuncture has shown some benefit for neck pain immediately after the procedure and in the short term and improvement has also been demonstrated in the treatment of headaches. (springer.com)
- The MusculoSkeletal (MSK) system concerns the joints, bones, tendons, ligaments and muscles of the body and is often a cause for patients to present to acupuncture as symptoms in this system can be of pain, stiffness, affects on flexibility and mobility in joints and muscles. (shaftesburyclinic.com)
- Acupuncture is effective for the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal, headache, and osteoarthritis pain. (shaftesburyclinic.com)
- Another recent overview (Yin et al, 2017) confirms that there is increasing evidence for acupuncture as an effective, safe, and cost-effective intervention in chronic low back, neck, shoulder, and knee pain, as well as headaches. (shaftesburyclinic.com)
- The British Acupuncture Council has a Research digest where they examined some recent studies on plantar heel pain (plantar fasciitis - link below). (shaftesburyclinic.com)
- The British Acupuncture Council has a Research digest where they examined some recent studies on lateral elbow pain, as well as an evidence based factsheet (tennis elbow - links are below), finding promising evidence in the field. (shaftesburyclinic.com)
- After the surgery, we manage pain using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) to alleviate post-operative pain. (tottori-u.ac.jp)
- Although the main therapeutic methods are pharmacotherapy and nerve block therapy, depending on the type and site of "pain," we provide Oriental medicine such as acupuncture and Kampo. (tottori-u.ac.jp)
- Dealing with acute and chronic pain: part one - assessment Acute pain responds to analgesia and treatment of the underlying problem (Hawthorn and Redmond, 1998). (blogspot.com)
- Acupuncture is no better than placebo, usual care, or sham acupuncture for nonspecific acute pain or sub-chronic pain. (blogspot.com)
Clinical17
- Systematic review on randomized controlled clinical trials of acupuncture therapy for neurovascular headache. (qigonginstitute.org)
- In the field of acupuncture few good clinical research trials have been completed, and there has also been very poor follow-up assessment of many of the conditions that have been treated by acupuncturists. (healthy.net)
- Information about the success rate of acupuncture is not available in some areas, and there the only advice that can be given is based on the clinical experience of individual practitioners. (healthy.net)
- Describe and find the correct layer for needling Chinese Scalp lines, and begin practicing the techniques needed to use this form of acupuncture in clinical practice. (chirocredit.com)
- Clinical and Experimental Study in Treating Diabetes Mellitus by Acupuncture IN UAE' will be presented next year in Beijing to more than thousand delegates from all over the world. (clickpress.com)
- The study introduces an effective and safe activator (electroacupuncture) for SIRT1, offering a basis for applying acupuncture in clinical practice in the treatment of diseases related to insulin resistance. (wordpress.com)
- While acupuncture enjoys high-level clinical evidence for dozens of conditions, translating trial research into official medical guidelines can take time. (evidencebasedacupuncture.org)
- They found that "the benefits of acupuncture are likely nonexistent, or at best are too small and too transient to be of any clinical significance" And they concluded that acupuncture is a theatrical placebo . (skepdoc.info)
- The term Jingluo, translated as meridian or channel, is a core component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has played a fundamental role in guiding the clinical practice of acupuncture for thousands of years. (bvsalud.org)
- Long-term improvements in sleep were also seen from the acupuncture treatment according to clinical research from Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- On the contrary, as Colquhoun and Novella demonstrate in their paper, there have been thousands of studies carried out on acupuncture and no consistent evidence of clinical efficacy for any condition has been found. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- Those meta-analyses that indicate that real acupuncture is better than sham acupuncture only show a very small benefit, not large enough to be of clinical significance. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- Is there an acceptable and relevant professional literature proving the efficiency of clinical acupuncture? (instantplace.hu)
- Health Balance Acupuncture has clinical efficacy on various autonomic nerve-related disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, anxiety and nervousness, circadian rhythm disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and subfertility. (yoonclinic.ca)
- Everything else is the expected noise of clinical trials, and this noise seems particularly high with acupuncture research. (ryongraf.com)
- But even I was shocked at the magnitude of clinical trials that had been performed on acupuncture (roughly 3000) and the number of resounding "successes" (few) and the frequency of blatant internal bias and conflict of interest in the positive trials (frequent). (ryongraf.com)
- and the clinical application of using inertial sensors to evaluate horses on the straight line, lunge, after flexion tests, assessing the effects of diagnostic analgesia, and under saddle. (equinosis.org)
Acupressure5
- Nonpharmacologic approaches, based on Gate Control (water immersion, massage, ambulation, positions) and Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Control (acupressure, acupuncture, electrical stimulation, water injections), are associated with a reduction in epidural analgesia and a higher maternal satisfaction with childbirth. (nih.gov)
- The following acupuncture teeth points and acupressure points, may be beneficial in supporting your oral health through various ways. (ilanasowter.com)
- As well as acupuncture and acupressure. (horseshoevalleychiro.com)
- Nine trials reported on acupuncture and four trials reported on acupressure. (lifehealinglife.com)
- Acupressure executes the same features as acupuncture. (researchforcure.org)
Theatrical placebo2
- The outcome of all this research is that acupuncture has no effects that are big enough to be of noticeable benefit to patients, and it is, in all probablity, just a theatrical placebo. (dcscience.net)
- The article is aptly titled Acupuncture Is Theatrical Placebo . (debunkingdenialism.com)
Stimulation7
- Environmental and surgical stress and certain forms of transcutaneous electrical stimulation or acupuncture appear to activate this system. (nih.gov)
- The results suggest that EA reduces effects of acute sciatic nerve stimulation on PENs and PINs in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of both sham and CCI rats and that the ERK (extracellular regulated kinase) signaling pathway is involved in the modulation of EA analgesia. (hindawi.com)
- 2 Hz electrical acupoint stimulation-induced analgesia has negative correlations with the averaged fMRI activation levels of the bilateral hippocampus [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Advanced electrotherapy processes include Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Transcutaneous Spinal Electro Analgesia (TSE), Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS), and Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS). (biospace.com)
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Acupuncture. (icmart.org)
- Alpha-stimulation helps even very anxious and needle-phobic patients relax during acupuncture for a profoundly calming and re-freshing treatment experience. (sportsacupunctureclinic.com)
- This concept may also underlie theories of respiration rhythm influence on acupuncture needle insertion and stimulation, as evidenced in traditional Chinese medicine texts. (oshercenter.org)
Electroacupuncture8
- Electroacupuncture (EA), which is based on traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture, uses an electrical device connected to a needle to send electrical currents to the acupoint and thereby help stimulate it. (biomedcentral.com)
- I pointed out the difficulty of doing good acupuncture research, since appropriate controls are hard to find, double blinding is next to impossible, and there are many kinds of "acupuncture" including electroacupuncture, ear acupuncture, cupping, and many other variants. (skepdoc.info)
- The study employs a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA), traditional Chinese acupuncture (TCA) and sham acupuncture (Sham) in patients with RA. (biomedcentral.com)
- Results: Analgesia and increased ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression and adenosine content in the spinal cord were observed 1 h after electroacupuncture. (scielo.org)
- α,β-methyleneadenosine 5'-diphosphate was able to inhibit upregulation of adenosine content and electroacupuncture-induced analgesia. (scielo.org)
- After administration of N6-cyclopentyladenosine, electroacupuncture-induced analgesia was restored. (scielo.org)
- Conclusions: Our results suggest that electroacupuncture at Zusanli can produce analgesia in chronic constriction injury rat models, possibly via the increased ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression induced through electroacupuncture, thus leading to increased adenosine expression in the spinal cord. (scielo.org)
- Several techniques are used to stimulate the flow of chi to impaired organs, including electroacupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and auricular acupuncture. (elitelearning.com)
Moxibustion5
- For almost 1000 years it was in decline and in 1822 Emperor Dao Guang issued an imperial edict stating that acupuncture and moxibustion should be banned forever from the Imperial Medical Academy. (dcscience.net)
- The term "Traditional Chinese medicine" T.C.M., makes reference to a number of practices, especially acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal formulas and their theoretical basis that has developed in China during a period of about 2,500 years. (angelicakokkalis.com)
- The BMJ in 2013 reported acupuncture and moxibustion can increase the success rate of in-vitro fertilization and increase the number of viable pregnancies when embryo implantation has failed. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- The additional benefits were listed as receiving no adverse side effects and contraindications as a result of receiving acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- Advances in acupuncture and acupuncture anaesthesia : abstracts of papers presented on the National Symposium of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupuncture Anaesthesia, Beijing, June 1-5, 1979. (who.int)
ABSTRACT1
- Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate a new method of manual acupuncture that used a magnetic field to stimulate only one acupoint vertically. (docksci.com)
Analgesic effects of acupuncture2
- Physiologic and analgesic effects of acupuncture in the dog. (semanticscholar.org)
- It has been found that endogenous opioids are at least partially responsible for phenomena like " Runner's high ", hypoalgesia in the fight-or-flight response, and even for the analgesic effects of acupuncture therapy. (iiab.me)
Medical Acupuncture6
- and has earned the tile "Fellow of the International Academy of Medical Acupuncture," with qualification by the Virginia Board of Medicine to practice acupuncture. (performancechiropractic.com)
- I am the salaried Medical Director of the British Medical Acupuncture Society (BMAS) - a registered charity established to stimulate and promote the use and scientific understanding of acupuncture within medicine for the public benefit. (bmas.blog)
- Our medical acupuncture courses establish solid treatment principles based on well-researched concepts such as non-invasive neuromodulation and myofascial recovery. (curacore.org)
- and Dr. Julie Callan medical acupuncture provider are the two providers with in office who provide TCM acupuncture. (horseshoevalleychiro.com)
- In Western societies, acupuncture has evolved into a hybrid called medical acupuncture that has developed from TCM and biomedical practices. (elitelearning.com)
- 3 Medical acupuncture combines a neurohumoral approach with the classical paradigm of needling along meridians to stimulate the flow of chi. (elitelearning.com)
Trials9
- Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for BCRL were included. (wordpress.com)
- A systematic review of acupuncture antiemesis trials. (icmart.org)
- Out of the 22 trials conducted, considerable evidence was shown that in addition to prophylactic drugs, acupuncture should be highly considered for migraine treatment and prevention. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- The authors conducted a review of multiple meta-analyses of acupuncture research and questioned the need for further studies after over 3000 trials. (theacupunctureobserver.com)
- It is clear from meta-analyses that results of acupuncture trials are variable and inconsistent, even for single conditions. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- After thousands of trials of acupuncture and hundreds of systematic reviews, arguments continue unabated. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- Even if we were to believe the few positive trials and discount the sea of failures, acupuncture would be the equivalent of using a garden hose to fight a house fire. (ryongraf.com)
- Reduced use of pharmacological analgesia was found in one trial of acupuncture compared with placebo (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.88, 136 women), and compared with standard care, however, there was significant heterogeneity (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.83, three trials, 704 women). (lifehealinglife.com)
- In acupuncture trials, the nature of the control group is of particular interest as it is hard to blind a patient to whether they are having a needle inserted or not, and even more challenging to blind the researcher/team to this. (shaftesburyclinic.com)
Efficacy of acupuncture2
- The objective of our review is to assess the safety and efficacy of acupuncture. (lidsen.com)
- We included eight studies examining safety and efficacy of acupuncture for NAS. (lidsen.com)
Acupuncturists5
- This dialogue illustrates the debate that is now raging in this country between acupuncturists who practise traditional Chinese acupuncture and those who practise western 'scientific' acupuncture. (positivehealth.com)
- Acupuncturists believe these myths and are so convinced that acupuncture works that they have tried to come up with a scientific rationale for how it might work. (skepdoc.info)
- Acupuncturists were sure acupuncture worked, so they proceeded to propose all kinds of hypothetical explanations of how it might work. (skepdoc.info)
- According to a study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, 51% of medical doctors understand the efficacy and value of acupuncture, and medical doctors refer patients to acupuncturists more than any other alternative care provider. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- The acupuncture in this study was provided by professional acupuncturists, anaesthetists trained in acupuncture, and anaesthetists specifically trained in P6 needling for the study. (spanza.org.au)
Course of acupuncture1
- Before embarking on a course of acupuncture, whatever the condition being treated, it is wise to allow a clear diagnosis to be made. (healthy.net)
Needle9
- The technique is variously referred to in existing literature as acupuncture detoxification, acu detox, NADA acupuncture, the three-point protocol, the five-point protocol, five-needle protocol, 5NP, the SMART protocol, and Auricular Acupuncture (abbreviated AA). (acudetox.com)
- When a trained acupuncture practitioner is at work, it's common that many patients don't even know when an acupuncture needle is inserted. (performancechiropractic.com)
- We developed an eight-channel electromagnetic acupuncture (EMA) system that uses a solenoid-type electrode to insert the manual acupuncture needle into a hole in an electrode. (docksci.com)
- We used a manual acupuncture needle for magnetic induction in order to penetrate vertically and deeply into tissues. (docksci.com)
- However, it is possible to stimulate only one acupoint, if the manual acupuncture needle inserted into the body or an acupoint can generate magnetic flux density. (docksci.com)
- Therefore, we selected electromagnetic acupuncture (EMA), which uses a solenoid-type electrode that enables insertion of the manual acupuncture needle into a hole as a new stimulus in order to generate the bioelectric current without any external potential interference and to penetrate vertically into the tissues. (docksci.com)
- Most people have heard of acupuncture and understandably assume that if a treatment involves a needle, it must be acupuncture. (nickysnazell.com)
- The best controlled studies show a clear pattern, with acupuncture the outcome does not depend on needle location or even needle insertion. (debunkingdenialism.com)
- During acupuncture it is not only the damage potential that induces current, but also the needle itself functions as a thermo element, since when applying the needle there is a temperature difference of more than 10°C. (instantplace.hu)
Modalities3
- From acupuncture and herbal medicine to laser and ozone therapies, a wide range of modalities can speed healing, reduce complications, and relieve discomfort in. (ivcjournal.com)
- Collectively the evidence demonstrates that some CAM modalities show significant promise such as acupuncture, diets, herbal medicine, homoeopathy, massage and supplements. (biomedcentral.com)
- Interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is rising dramatically, and acupuncture is one of the modalities your patients may seek your advice about. (elitelearning.com)
Manual acupuncture10
- The majority of studies on acupuncture for CLBP have used manual acupuncture with equivocal results [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Electromagnetic acupuncture to enhance the effects of manual acupuncture on recovery from muscle fatigue of the quadriceps. (docksci.com)
- In order to confirm the usefulness of EMA, we investigated the effects of treatment on muscle fatigue after strenuous knee extension/flexion exercises that had been performed by three groups: the nonstimulation, the manual acupuncture, and the EMA groups. (docksci.com)
- Thus, we confirmed that compared with manual acupuncture, EMA resulted in better recovery from muscle fatigue. (docksci.com)
- An expanding number of papers reported the treatment effects of manual acupuncture techniques for certain conditions [2]. (docksci.com)
- In order to suggest an objective treatment mechanism for manual acupuncture, many studies were conducted. (docksci.com)
- Effects of manual acupuncture including activation of nerves, internal secretion, and effects on the cerebrospinal fluid were reported [3,4]. (docksci.com)
- To enhance the treatment effects of manual acupuncture, this study suggested a new method using magnetic fields. (docksci.com)
- In order to conduct fundamental research for observing the usefulness of EMA in comparison to manual acupuncture, we developed an eight-channel EMA system and performed a muscle fatigue recovery experiment. (docksci.com)
- The rats in the acupuncture groups received manual acupuncture at PC 6, LU 7 and LI 10 acupoints for 15 min, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Therapy8
- It may be that Western medicine offers an excellent form of therapy for a particular condition, and in that instance it would be wrong to advise the patient to have acupuncture. (healthy.net)
- It is my hope that future research work will provide information about the effects of acupuncture in a wide variety of diseases, as only with this information will acupuncture make any progress as a recognized form of therapy. (healthy.net)
- The National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) ear acupuncture protocol, originally developed for addiction treatment, has been adopted as a complementary therapy within a variety of community health settings. (acudetox.com)
- Schematic summarizing CTS response to acupuncture therapy. (wordpress.com)
- Jia, H. Treatment with periomarthritis with scalp acupuncture therapy-a report of 210 cases. (feelycenter.com)
- Acupuncture therapy is becoming more available worldwide and many people begin experiencing relief following the first visit. (csacu.com)
- The approach is used to both increase the efficacy of opioid analgesia therapy and reduce some adverse side effects. (ldnresearchtrust.org)
- With comprehensive information on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of analgesic drugs, the book goes beyond pharmaceutical options to incorporate scientific information on techniques for complementary treatment, including physical therapy, acupuncture, chiropractic techniques, and nutritional strategies. (vetbooks.fr)
Benefits of acupuncture2
- There are a variety of benefits of acupuncture. (performancechiropractic.com)
- The use of acupuncture for analgesia is one of the best-supported and widely-studied benefits of acupuncture. (watcvm.org)
Postoperative analgesia1
- Neimadian point acupuncture and auricular-point pressing used for orthopedic postoperative analgesia. (feelycenter.com)
Scalp Acupuncture1
- Describe and point out the location of the major landmarks, lines, and points, used to find Chinese Scalp Acupuncture treatment areas and lines. (chirocredit.com)
Produce analgesia1
- It works in a similar way as acupuncture by having your body release endorphins, which have the ability to produce analgesia and a feeling of well-being. (giftsglams.com)
Complementary and Alte3
- A 2016 research study published in Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine concluded the fertility awareness was increased in women who received a multiphasic fertility protocol for acupuncture. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- So much so that the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) awarded 8 grants that directly relate to acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine and traditional Chinese medical research, totaling more than $9.5 million dollars. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- This is a favorite tactic of aficionados and researchers alike in the so-called 'complementary and alternative medicine' (CAM), which includes acupuncture - a pre-scientific therapeutic modality originating in ancient China with roots in medical astrology and ignorance of human anatomy and physiology . (inscientioveritas.org)
Therapies4
- How acupuncture, homeopathy and other therapies can help in the treatment of intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) and spondylosis in pets. (ivcjournal.com)
- Nonpharmacological Interventions for Features of Fibromyalgia How effective are various nonpharmacological interventions, such as exercise, acupuncture, and psychological therapies, for relieving symptoms of fibromyalgia? (medscape.com)
- Acupuncture: is one of the most accepted CAM therapies, most well: known branch of the Traditional Chinese Medicine, which flows intensive research a few decades in the US, Europe, even in China. (instantplace.hu)
- Results: Acupuncture and TCM, are one of the cukorbetegek szaga researched area of non-conventional, complementary therapies. (instantplace.hu)
20171
- 2 This review was updated in 2014 by the US Department of Veteran Affairs and then again in 2017 by John McDonald and Stephen Janz, the authors of the Acupuncture Evidence Project. (evidencebasedacupuncture.org)
Practice6
- The US federal government's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (2007), the United Nations (2006), the State of New Mexico (Bigelow, 2008), as well as the US Department of Defense/Veteran's Affairs (2010) have each published best practice guidelines that address the value of acupuncture for chemical dependency. (acudetox.com)
- Imagine that your acupuncture license meant you could easily practice in every state. (theacupunctureobserver.com)
- Imagine that acupuncture schools used the time spent teaching things "you won't need in practice but they'll be on the exam" to teach things that you really will need in practice, including all that business stuff. (theacupunctureobserver.com)
- Imagine that acupuncture boards, associations, and organizations worked to make it easier and less expensive for practitioners to obtain and maintain licenses and practice within their skill set. (theacupunctureobserver.com)
- evidenced-based practice), there could be little argument to support insurance, let alone medicare/medicaid reimbursement if the prevailing thought is that acupuncture is no better than a placebo. (theacupunctureobserver.com)
- In the United States, regulation of acupuncture practice varies markedly from state to state. (elitelearning.com)
Peripheral3
- Electric acupuncture treatment of peripheral nerve injury. (feelycenter.com)
- Acupuncture affects the blood concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids, suggesting that acupuncture can both raise and diminish peripheral blood components, thereby regulating the body toward homeostasis. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- What is the essence of mechanical peripheral stimulus, the nervous and neurohumoral mechanism mediating acupuncture e. (instantplace.hu)
Spinal2
- Acupuncture affects higher brain areas, stimulating the secretion of beta-endorphins and enkephalins in the brain and spinal cord. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- Therefore, exhausting twitch responses in as many TP hot spots of a particular muscle, makes sense not only with respect to local relaxation, but also for opioid release, because the likelyhood of spinal cord mediated analgesia is raised significantly. (physicalhealthmedia.com)
Massage1
- Acupuncture Jacksonville and massage have become more and more accepted within the medicine field of the world. (globalholisticnetwork.com)
Patients12
- Experts divided them randomly into two groups: the acupuncture group (38 patients) and the control group (22 patients). (clickpress.com)
- On the acupuncture group 27 patients were treated successful and 11 needed more treatment. (clickpress.com)
- The present meta-analysis and systematic review suggests that acupuncture is effective at reducing BCRL in patients after breast cancer treatment. (wordpress.com)
- It is often argued that even if acupuncture is only a placebo, it does "please" many patients (after all, the word placebo is Latin for "I please") so it is worthwhile using it. (skepdoc.info)
- Forty-two patients presenting for unilateral knee arthroscopy were randomly allocated to receive a standard anaesthetic with or without acupuncture (given after the induction of anaesthesia). (ocom.edu)
- Acupuncture can help patients with disabling advanced cancer related breathlessness. (icmart.org)
- The Duke team looked at more than 30 studies (4000 patients) that compared traditional acupuncture to either medication or a control group who received sham acupuncture. (csacu.com)
- In Italy, a 2016 study involving 190 breast cancer patients proved acupuncture can eliminate the need for additional drugs and is an effective method in improving the quality of life of women who have breast cancer. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- In 2016, The BMJ published a study concerning the effects of acupuncture on patients who have fibromyalgia. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- Overall, patients were selected to receive random amounts of acupuncture up to as much as 10 weekly sessions. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- Additionally a 2009 study, again in China, determined that acupuncture alone could help patients who suffer from anxiety but cannot be chemically treated due to intolerable side-effects of medications. (kimdunlop.com)
- For example, two different patients complaining of a headache would not likely receive the same acupuncture treatment. (elitelearning.com)
Modality3
- Acupuncture has been employed as a health care modality for over 5,000 years. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- Acupuncture works as an effective alternative and adjunct treatment modality. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- but and form a part of a research body where acupuncture versus no treatment, vs conventional treatment or vs a different approach/modality also form part of the evidence base. (shaftesburyclinic.com)
Studies on acupuncture1
- More studies on acupuncture and NAS are recommended to better assess the potential of acupuncture as an adjunctive treatment for NAS. (lidsen.com)
Effectiveness of acupuncture3
- Secondly, some of the suggestions that will be made to illustrate the effectiveness of acupuncture, in particular conditions, are no more than educated guesses. (healthy.net)
- Our study found evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture for 117 conditions, with stronger evidence for acupuncture's effectiveness for some conditions than others. (evidencebasedacupuncture.org)
- Alleged effectiveness of acupuncture against PONV due to ineffective antiemetic control one meta-analysis of acupuncture appeared to show that it was beneficial against postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). (debunkingdenialism.com)
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis2
- Buffington, M. The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with acupuncture. (feelycenter.com)
- Acupuncture treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a report of 650 cases. (feelycenter.com)
TENS4
- Research indicates, however, that high-frequency TENS analgesia is not reversed by naloxone, implicating a naloxone-resistant, dynorphin-binding receptor. (medscape.com)
- The mechanism of the analgesia produced by TENS is explained by the gate-control theory proposed by Melzack and Wall in 1965. (medscape.com)
- Nausea and vomiting can be reduced by acupuncture relief prolonged by TENS. (icmart.org)
- The Florida Acupuncture Board now requires all new practitioners to spend thousands of hours and tens of thousands of dollars on additional education and testing to become Board-certified in herbs. (theacupunctureobserver.com)
Traditional Chinese6
- After the Chinese Civil War, the Chinese Communist Party ridiculed traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture, as superstitious. (dcscience.net)
- Open heart surgery under acupuncture anaesthesia is depicted on this 8 cent Chinese stamp issued in 1975 as part of a set of four stamps to commemorate the successful integration of traditional Chinese medicine and modern Western medicine in the treatment of various diseases. (bmj.com)
- It became clearly evident that "acupuncture performed in accordance with the principles of traditional Chinese medicine showed significant immune-modulating effects. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- According to traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture promotes the flow of qi (pronounced chee) and brings balance to the human body. (horseshoevalleychiro.com)
- Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) can be powerful additions to any treatment plan, without causing harmful side effects. (asianhealingartsandacupuncture.com)
- Acupuncture is a form of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been practiced for more than 2,000 years. (elitelearning.com)
Laser acupuncture4
- The effects of laser acupuncture were tested in a study published by the Journal of Affective Disorders. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- The study aimed to see if laser acupuncture had positive effects on those experiencing depression. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- Twelve laser acupuncture sessions were conducted in total, and the results yielded that the participants showed reduced symptoms of depression after getting laser acupuncture. (mauihealingcenter.com)
- Laser acupuncture and auriculotherapy in postural instability-a preliminary report. (auriculo.fr)
Effects10
- Acupuncture treatment was found to have no major side effects, and 85 women (94%) given acupuncture reported that they would reconsider acupuncture in future deliveries. (lu.se)
- All these factors create difficulties when discussing specific diseases but, in spite of this, I have made an attempt to provide an objective assessment of the effects of acupuncture in some common diseases. (healthy.net)
- Mounting evidence from many laboratories over the past years suggests that acupuncture has effects on the hippocampus. (hindawi.com)
- Acupuncture for the prophylaxis and treatment of these complications has been gaining in popularity due to its low cost, simplicity, absence of side effects and confirmed efficacy. (scirp.org)
- Can acupuncture have specific effects on health? (icmart.org)
- Jacksonville acupuncture has been around for more 3,000 years and it is hard to contradict its therapeutic effects. (globalholisticnetwork.com)
- Acupuncture effects the electrical system of the body by creating or enhancing closed-circuit transport in tissues. (venturacountyacupuncture.com)
- From the early 1970s, when scientific inquiry started investigating acupuncture in the West, early studies identified that acupuncture had analgesic effects. (watcvm.org)
- Acupuncture has considerably lower incidence of adverse side effects when compared to many western interventions like pharmaceutical drugs. (horseshoevalleychiro.com)
- Treatment effects of acupuncture persist over time and cannot be explained solely in terms of placebo effects. (shaftesburyclinic.com)
Methods2
- CONCLUSION: Acupuncture reduces the need for other methods of analgesia in childbirth. (lu.se)
- Hu, J. What are the common acupuncture methods for treating herpes zoster? (feelycenter.com)
Adjunct1
- Chronic health conditions should be addressed under direct medical supervision of your GP or consultant, and acupuncture would be an adjunct or complement to usual care - we advise that you let you doctor know when you use this approach. (shaftesburyclinic.com)
Statistically significant2
- However, neither study demonstrated a statistically significant difference between real and sham acupuncture. (biomedcentral.com)
- In other words, is there really a cost benefit for conducting further research if the results indicate that acupuncture is not statistically significant? (theacupunctureobserver.com)
Ineffective1
- Other organizations like the Medical Letter, the Center for Inquiry, and Sciencebasedmedicine.org have all declared that acupuncture is ineffective except as a placebo. (skepdoc.info)
Systematic review and meta-analysis1
- Acupuncture for the postcholecystectomy syndrome: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. (settecitta.it)