Actomyosin
Myosins
A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.
Myosin Type II
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Myosin Subfragments
Parts of the myosin molecule resulting from cleavage by proteolytic enzymes (PAPAIN; TRYPSIN; or CHYMOTRYPSIN) at well-localized regions. Study of these isolated fragments helps to delineate the functional roles of different parts of myosin. Two of the most common subfragments are myosin S-1 and myosin S-2. S-1 contains the heads of the heavy chains plus the light chains and S-2 contains part of the double-stranded, alpha-helical, heavy chain tail (myosin rod).
Tropomyosin
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Troponin
Rabbits
Heterocyclic Compounds with 4 or More Rings
Actin Cytoskeleton
Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIA
Myofibrils
Cytoskeleton
Calmodulin-Binding Proteins
Muscle Contraction
Myosin Light Chains
The smaller subunits of MYOSINS that bind near the head groups of MYOSIN HEAVY CHAINS. The myosin light chains have a molecular weight of about 20 KDa and there are usually one essential and one regulatory pair of light chains associated with each heavy chain. Many myosin light chains that bind calcium are considered "calmodulin-like" proteins.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Muscle Proteins
Ethenoadenosine Triphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate
Molecular Motor Proteins
Chemical Precipitation
Chickens
Myosin Heavy Chains
Stress Fibers
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Cytoplasmic Streaming
rho-Associated Kinases
A group of intracellular-signaling serine threonine kinases that bind to RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. They were originally found to mediate the effects of rhoA GTP-BINDING PROTEIN on the formation of STRESS FIBERS and FOCAL ADHESIONS. Rho-associated kinases have specificity for a variety of substrates including MYOSIN-LIGHT-CHAIN PHOSPHATASE and LIM KINASES.
Schizosaccharomyces
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins
Phalloidine
Troponin I
Nonmuscle Myosin Type IIB
Microfilament Proteins
Cell Polarity
Troponin C
Muscle, Smooth
Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates myosin light chains in the presence of ATP to yield myosin-light chain phosphate and ADP, and requires calcium and CALMODULIN. The 20-kDa light chain is phosphorylated more rapidly than any other acceptor, but light chains from other myosins and myosin itself can act as acceptors. The enzyme plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction.
Contractile Proteins
Time-Lapse Imaging
Gastrulation
Protein Binding
Muscle, Skeletal
Psoas Muscles
A powerful flexor of the thigh at the hip joint (psoas major) and a weak flexor of the trunk and lumbar spinal column (psoas minor). Psoas is derived from the Greek "psoa", the plural meaning "muscles of the loin". It is a common site of infection manifesting as abscess (PSOAS ABSCESS). The psoas muscles and their fibers are also used frequently in experiments in muscle physiology.
Models, Biological
Myosin Type V
Physarum
Evidence for F-actin-dependent and -independent mechanisms involved in assembly and stability of the medial actomyosin ring in fission yeast. (1/982)
Cell division in a number of eukaryotes, including the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is achieved through a medially placed actomyosin-based contractile ring. Although several components of the actomyosin ring have been identified, the mechanisms regulating ring assembly are still not understood. Here, we show by biochemical and mutational studies that the S.pombe actomyosin ring component Cdc4p is a light chain associated with Myo2p, a myosin II heavy chain. Localization of Myo2p to the medial ring depended on Cdc4p function, whereas localization of Cdc4p at the division site was independent of Myo2p. Interestingly, the actin-binding and motor domains of Myo2p are not required for its accumulation at the division site although the motor activity of Myo2p is essential for assembly of a normal actomyosin ring. The initial assembly of Myo2p and Cdc4p at the division site requires a functional F-actin cytoskeleton. Once established, however, F-actin is not required for the maintenance of Cdc4p and Myo2p medial rings, suggesting that the attachment of Cdc4p and Myo2p to the division site involves proteins other than actin itself. (+info)Calculation of a Gap restoration in the membrane skeleton of the red blood cell: possible role for myosin II in local repair. (2/982)
Human red blood cells contain all of the elements involved in the formation of nonmuscle actomyosin II complexes (V. M. Fowler. 1986. J. Cell. Biochem. 31:1-9; 1996. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8:86-96). No clear function has yet been attributed to these complexes. Using a mathematical model for the structure of the red blood cell spectrin skeleton (M. J. Saxton. 1992. J. Theor. Biol. 155:517-536), we have explored a possible role for myosin II bipolar minifilaments in the restoration of the membrane skeleton, which may be locally damaged by major mechanical or chemical stress. We propose that the establishment of stable links between distant antiparallel actin protofilaments after a local myosin II activation may initiate the repair of the disrupted area. We show that it is possible to define conditions in which the calculated number of myosin II minifilaments bound to actin protofilaments is consistent with the estimated number of myosin II minifilaments present in the red blood cells. A clear restoration effect can be observed when more than 50% of the spectrin polymers of a defined area are disrupted. It corresponds to a significant increase in the spectrin density in the protein free region of the membrane. This may be involved in a more complex repair process of the red blood cell membrane, which includes the vesiculation of the bilayer and the compaction of the disassembled spectrin network. (+info)Ca2+ and cross-bridge-induced changes in troponin C in skinned skeletal muscle fibers: effects of force inhibition. (3/982)
Changes in skeletal troponin C (sTnC) structure during thin filament activation by Ca2+ and strongly bound cross-bridge states were monitored by measuring the linear dichroism of the 5' isomer of iodoacetamidotetramethylrhodamine (5'IATR), attached to Cys98 (sTnC-5'ATR), in sTnC-5'ATR reconstituted single skinned fibers from rabbit psoas muscle. To isolate the effects of Ca2+ and cross-bridge binding on sTnC structure, maximum Ca2+-activated force was inhibited with 0.5 mM AlF4- or with 30 mM 2,3 butanedione-monoxime (BDM) during measurements of the Ca2+ dependence of force and dichroism. Dichroism was 0.08 +/- 0.01 (+/- SEM, n = 9) in relaxing solution (pCa 9.2) and decreased to 0.004 +/- 0.002 (+/- SEM, n = 9) at pCa 4.0. Force and dichroism had similar Ca2+ sensitivities. Force inhibition with BDM caused no change in the amplitude and Ca2+ sensitivity of dichroism. Similarly, inhibition of force at pCa 4.0 with 0.5 mM AlF4- decreased force to 0.04 +/- 0.01 of maximum (+/- SEM, n = 3), and dichroism was 0.04 +/- 0.03 (+/- SEM, n = 3) of the value at pCa 9.2 and unchanged relative to the corresponding normalized value at pCa 4.0 (0.11 +/- 0.05, +/- SEM; n = 3). Inhibition of force with AlF4- also had no effect when sTnC structure was monitored by labeling with either 5-dimethylamino-1-napthalenylsulfonylaziridine (DANZ) or 4-(N-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-N-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD). Increasing sarcomere length from 2.5 to 3.6 microm caused force (pCa 4.0) to decrease, but had no effect on dichroism. In contrast, rigor cross-bridge attachment caused dichroism at pCa 9.2 to decrease to 0.56 +/- 0.03 (+/- SEM, n = 5) of the value at pCa 9. 2, and force was 0.51 +/- 0.04 (+/- SEM, n = 6) of pCa 4.0 control. At pCa 4.0 in rigor, dichroism decreased further to 0.19 +/- 0.03 (+/- SEM, n = 6), slightly above the pCa 4.0 control level; force was 0.66 +/- 0.04 of pCa 4.0 control. These results indicate that cross-bridge binding in the rigor state alters sTnC structure, whereas cycling cross-bridges have little influence at either submaximum or maximum activating [Ca2+]. (+info)Rational analyses of organelle trajectories in tobacco pollen tubes reveal characteristics of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. (4/982)
To gain insight into the characteristics of organelle movement and the underlying actomyosin motility system in tobacco pollen tubes, we collected data points representing sequential organelle positions in control and cytochalasin-treated cells, and in a sample of extruded cytoplasm. These data were utilized to reconstruct approximately 900 tracks, representing individual organelle movements, and to produce a quantitative analysis of the movement properties, supported by statistical tests. Each reconstructed track appeared to be unique and to show irregularities in velocity and direction of movement. The regularity quotient was near 2 at the tip and above 3 elsewhere in the cell, indicating that movement is more vectorial in the tube area. Similarly, the progressiveness ratio showed that there were relatively more straight trajectories in the tube region than at the tip. Consistent with these data, arithmetical dissection revealed a high degree of randomlike movement in the apex, lanes with tip-directed movement along the flanks, and grain-directed movement in the center of the tube. Intercalated lanes with bidirectional movement had lower organelle velocity, suggesting that steric hindrance plays a role. The results from the movement analysis indicate that the axial arrangement of the actin filaments and performance of the actomyosin system increases from tip to base, and that the opposite polarity of the actin filaments in the peripheral (+-ends of acting filaments toward the tip) versus the central cytoplasm (+-ends of actin filaments toward to the grain) is installed within a few minutes in these tip-growing cells. (+info)Alterations of cross-bridge kinetics in human atrial and ventricular myocardium. (5/982)
CONDENSED ABSTRACT: We analyzed actomyosin cross-bridge kinetics in human atrial and ventricular muscle strip preparations by using sinusoidal length changes from 0.1 to 60 Hz. The minimum stiffness frequency was higher in atrial than in ventricular human myocardium and lower in failing than in non-failing left ventricular human myocardium. beta-Adrenergic stimulation increased the minimum stiffness frequency by 18 +/- 3% (p < 0.05). Cross-bridge kinetics are temperature-dependent, with a Q10 of at least 2.7. BACKGROUND: Dynamic stiffness measurements have revealed acute and chronic alterations of actomyosin cross-bridge kinetics in cardiac muscles of a variety of different animal species. We studied dynamic stiffness in right atrial and left ventricular preparations of non-failing and failing human hearts and tested the influence of the temperature and beta-adrenergic stimulation on cross-bridge kinetics. METHODS AND RESULTS: Muscle strips were prepared from right atria and left ventricles from human non-failing and failing hearts. After withdrawal of calcium, steady contracture tension was induced by the addition of 1.5 mM barium chloride. Sinusoidal length oscillations of 1% muscle length were applied, with a frequency spectrum of between 0.1 and 60 Hz. Dynamic stiffness was calculated from the length change and the corresponding force response amplitude. The specific minimum stiffness frequency, which indicates the interaction between cross-bridge recruitment and cross-bridge cycling dynamics, was analyzed for each condition: (1) The minimum stiffness frequency was 0.78 +/- 0.04 Hz in left ventricular myocardium and 2.80 +/- 0.31 Hz in right atrial myocardium (p < 0.01) at 27 degrees C. (2) The minimum stiffness frequency was 41% higher in non-failing compared to failing left ventricular human myocardium. (3) Over a wide range of experimental temperatures, the minimum stiffness frequency changed, with a Q10 of at least 2.7. (4) beta-Adrenergic stimulation significantly (p < 0.05) increased the minimum stiffness to 18 +/- 3% higher frequencies and significantly (p < 0.05) lowered contracture tension by 7 +/- 1%. CONCLUSIONS: The contractility of human heart muscle is not only regulated by excitation-contraction coupling but also by modulation of intrinsic properties of the actomyosin system. Acute and chronic alterations of cross-bridge kinetics have been demonstrated, which play a significant role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the human heart. (+info)Amphidinolide B, a powerful activator of actomyosin ATPase enhances skeletal muscle contraction. (6/982)
Amphidinolide B caused a concentration-dependent increase in the contractile force of skeletal muscle skinned fibers. The concentration-contractile response curve for external Ca2+ was shifted to the left in a parallel manner, suggesting an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity. Amphidinolide B stimulated the superprecipitation of natural actomyosin. The maximum response of natural actomyosin to Ca2+ in superprecipitation was enhanced by it. Amphidinolide B increased the ATPase activity of myofibrils and natural actomyosin. The ATPase activity of actomyosin reconstituted from actin and myosin was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence or absence of troponin-tropomyosin complex. Ca2+-, K+-EDTA- or Mg2+-ATPase of myosin was not affected by amphidinolide B. These results suggest that amphidinolide B enhances an interaction of actin and myosin directly and increases Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus mediated through troponin-tropomyosin system, resulting in an increase in the ATPase activity of actomyosin and thus enhances the contractile response of myofilament. (+info)Backward movements of cross-bridges by application of stretch and by binding of MgADP to skeletal muscle fibers in the rigor state as studied by x-ray diffraction. (7/982)
The effects of the applied stretch and MgADP binding on the structure of the actomyosin cross-bridges in rabbit and/or frog skeletal muscle fibers in the rigor state have been investigated with improved resolution by x-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The results showed a remarkable structural similarity between cross-bridge states induced by stretch and MgADP binding. The intensities of the 14.4- and 7.2-nm meridional reflections increased by approximately 23 and 47%, respectively, when 1 mM MgADP was added to the rigor rabbit muscle fibers in the presence of ATP-depletion backup system and an inhibitor for muscle adenylate kinase or by approximately 33 and 17%, respectively, when rigor frog muscle was stretched by approximately 4.5% of the initial muscle length. In addition, both MgADP binding and stretch induced a small but genuine intensity decrease in the region close to the meridian of the 5.9-nm layer line while retaining the intensity profile of its outer portion. No appreciable influence was observed in the intensities of the higher order meridional reflections of the 14.4-nm repeat and the other actin-based reflections as well as the equatorial reflections, indicating a lack of detachment of cross-bridges in both cases. The changes in the axial spacings of the actin-based and the 14.4-nm-based reflections were observed and associated with the tension change. These results indicate that stretch and ADP binding mediate similar structural changes, being in the correct direction to those expected for that the conformational changes are induced in the outer portion distant from the catalytic domain of attached cross-bridges. Modeling of conformational changes of the attached myosin head suggested a small but significant movement (about 10-20 degrees) in the light chain-binding domain of the head toward the M-line of the sarcomere. Both chemical (ADP binding) and mechanical (stretch) intervensions can reverse the contractile cycle by causing a backward movement of this domain of attached myosin heads in the rigor state. (+info)The translation in vitro of mRNA from developing cysts of Artemia salina. (8/982)
Successive stages in the development of the brine shrimp cyst were used as a model for studying differentiation at the level of mRNA transcription and translation. The poly (A)-containing mRNA from dormant cysts and free-swimming larvae (nauplii) was found to be efficiently translated in a wheat-germ cell-free system, and electrophoretic patterns of translation products in vitro resembled those of the endogenous proteins extracted from the equivalent developmental stages. Each stage, however, exhibits a characteristic protein pattern. Two low-molecular-weight proteins prominent in the cyst disappeared almost completely in the nauplius stage, whereas the proportion of actin increased 3-fold. Parallel patterns were observed upon translation in vitro of the respective mRNA preparations. The percentage of the acidic protein, tubulin, decreased somewhat during development. (+info)Unidirectional Brownian motion observed in an in silico single molecule experiment of an actomyosin motor<...
α-Catenin stabilises Cadherin-Catenin complexes and modulates actomyosin dynamics to allow pulsatile apical contraction -ORCA
Mechanical measurements of single actomyosin motor force<...
TRPM7, a novel regulator of actomyosin contractility and cell adhesion.
Welcome to CDC stacks | Contractile Units in Disordered Actomyosin Bundles Arise from F-Actin Buckling - 33757 | CDC Public...
Bergen Open Research Archive: Assembly and positioning of actomyosin rings by contractility and planar cell polarity
Iris Publication
Thermal Inactivation of the Calcium Regulatory Mechanism of Human Skeletal Muscle Actomyosin:A Possible Contributing Factor in...
Frontiers | Myosin IIA-related Actomyosin Contractility Mediates Oxidative Stress-induced Neuronal Apoptosis | Frontiers in...
Actomyosin contraction of the posterior hemisphere is required for inversion of the Volvox embryo | Development
Competition for actin between two distinct F-actin networks defines a bistable switch for cell polarization<...
Tissue mechanical properties modulate cell extrusion in the Drosophila abdominal epidermis | Development
Microtubules tune mechanosensitive cell responses - Institut Pasteur
Head involution in Drosophila melanogaster: on the role of supracellular actomyosin structures in tissue bending, spreading,...
Characterisation of the expression profile and endothelial function of Rho GTPase RhoJ - eTheses Repository
Interactive Fly, Drosophila
Misshapen coordinates protrusion restriction and actomyosin contractility during collective cell migration. | IRIC - Institute...
NDLI: Actomyosin Contractility Rotates The Cell Nucleus
KLUEDO | 92B05 General biology and biomathematics
Intestinal permeability (Cyrex array 2) - Embracing Nutrition & Functional Medicine
Discovery of α-N-trimethylalanine in myosin light chains and its role in actomyosin interaction | Biochemical Society...
An abnormal adherence of monocytes to fibronectin in thyroid autoimmunity has consequences for cell polarization and the...
Spatial localisation of actin filaments across developmental stages of the malaria parasite
Frmd6 - FERM domain-containing protein 6 - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Frmd6 gene & protein
Background Cellular contractility, important for cell proliferation and movement, is certainly - Small Molecule Inhibitors of...
New type of protein-protein interaction
Cooperation Between the Septins and the Actomyosin Ring and Role of a Cell-integrity Pathway During Cell Division in Fission...
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The protein model of signal transduction
1703.04395] Maximal fluctuations of confined actomyosin gels: dynamics of the cell
nucleus
S pombe Rng2 protein
Summary Report | CureHunter
The cell cortex | Charras Lab
LEFT OVER LIGHT by jacques seronde (Paperback) - Lulu
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Correlation between myosin heavy chain expression and actomyosin atpase activity in human muscle fibers<...
Lecture | Page 7 | Tartu Ülikooli molekulaar- ja rakubioloogia instituut
MAGIs regulate aPKC to enable balanced distribution of intercellular tension for epithelial sheet homeostasis<...
Terminal web - Biology-Online Dictionary
YAP1 gene - Genetics Home Reference - NIH
Cytokinesis in development and disease: Variations on a common theme<...
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Epithelial repair is a two-stage process driven first by dying cells and then by their neighbours | Journal of Cell Science
The tiny GTPase Rac1 continues to be implicated in the dissemination - HDAC Inhibition for the Disruption of Latent HIV-1...
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Frontiers | MYBPC1, an Emerging Myopathic Gene: What We Know and What We Need to Learn | Physiology
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QuimP | BISE
Working model of vertex ring assembly. See text for det | Open-i
Pengumuman Final Lulus Beasiswa Mentoring Flutter Intermediate Batch 4 - UDACODING
Actomyosin ring
It is composed of actin and myosin II bundles, thus the term actomyosin. The actomyosin ring operates in contractile motion, ... 2016). Actomyosin ring driven cytokinesis in budding yeast. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology 53:19-27. Alberts, B., A. ... In plant cells, there is no actomyosin ring. Instead, a cell plate grows centrifugally outwards from the center of the plane of ... 2016). Actomyosin Ring Formation and Tension Generation in Eukaryotic Cytokinesis. Curr Biol. 26(15):719-737. Mana-Capelli, S ...
Sriram Ramaswamy
Kumar, Abhishek; Maitra, Ananyo; Sumit, Madhuresh; Ramaswamy, Sriram; Shivashankar, G. V. (21 January 2014). "Actomyosin ...
Myosin binding protein C, cardiac
Moos C, Feng IN (Oct 1980). "Effect of C-protein on actomyosin ATPase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects ...
MYH9
Moos C, Feng IN (October 1980). "Effect of C-protein on actomyosin ATPase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General ...
Ilona Banga
In the process, she co-discovered actomyosin. In order to get myosin to analyze, Banga extracted it from rabbit muscles - she ... Ilona Banga (1906-1998) was a Hungarian biochemist known for co-discovering actomyosin and working to characterize how actin ... describe their groundbreaking experiments leading to the discovery of actomyosin I Studies from the Institute of Medical ...
Transforming protein RhoA
ROCK kinases induce actomyosin-based contractility and phosphorylate TAU and MAP2 involved in regulating myosins and other ... RhoA is prevalent in regulating cell shape, polarity and locomotion via actin polymerization, actomyosin contractility, cell ... Cytokinesis is defined by actomyosin-based contraction. RhoA-dependent diaphanous-related formins (DRFs) localize to the ... mostly actin stress fibers formation and actomyosin contractility. It acts upon several effectors. Among them, ROCK1 (Rho- ...
Anne Ridley
subscription required) Cantelli, Gaia (2016). Transcriptional programs controlling actomyosin contractility in melanoma. ethos. ...
Sliding filament theory
By the end of the 1940s Szent-Györgyi's team had postulated with evidence that contraction of actomyosin was equivalent to ... However, in one of his last contributions to muscle research, Szent-Györgyi demonstrated that actomyosin driven by ATP was the ... Cross-bridge theory states that actin and myosin form a protein complex (classically called actomyosin) by attachment of myosin ... Szent-Györgyi, A (1949). "Free-energy relations and contraction of actomyosin". The Biological Bulletin. 96 (2): 140-161. doi: ...
Enzyme catalysis
Siemankowski RF, Wiseman MO, White HD (February 1985). "ADP dissociation from actomyosin subfragment 1 is sufficiently slow to ... Lymn RW, Taylor EW (December 1971). "Mechanism of adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis by actomyosin". Biochemistry. 10 (25): 4617 ... "Kinetics of nucleoside triphosphate cleavage and phosphate release steps by associated rabbit skeletal actomyosin, measured ...
Edwin W. Taylor
In the actomyosin ATPase cycle, the hydrolysis of ATP by enzymes leads to the generation of force and motion. Taylor also has ... The actomyosin ATP hydrolysis cycle in muscle motility was intended to show a direct correlation in the regulation of ATP ... He found the dissociation of phosphate in the actomyosin mechanism to be a slow rate-limiting step, while this step occurred ... Aware that ATP was hydrolyzed in the polymerization of actin, Taylor was confused on whether it dissociated actomyosin through ...
Keith Burridge
Korn, ED (1978). "Biochemistry of actomyosin-dependent cell motility (a review)". Proceedings of the National Academy of ...
Troponin
TnI inhibits ATP-ase activity of acto-myosin; TnC is a Ca2+-binding subunit, playing the main role in Ca2+ dependent regulation ...
Tropomyosin 3
Inhibition of actomyosin MgATPase and regulation by phosphorylation". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (17): 10148-55. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258 ...
Durotaxis
The source of cytoskeletal traction is actomyosin contractility. Increased external stiffness leads to a signal transduction ... actomyosin contractility, and cytoskeletal organization. As a result, these changes can cause a cell to rearrange its ...
Actin, alpha skeletal muscle
Inhibition of actomyosin MgATPase and regulation by phosphorylation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (17): 10148-55. ...
Excimer
"Myosin cleft movement and its coupling to actomyosin dissociation". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 10 (10): 831-835. ...
Focal adhesion
Wolfenson, H.; Bershadsky, A.; Henis, Y. I.; Geiger, B. (2011). "Actomyosin-generated tension controls the molecular kinetics ...
Mitosis
Due to its importance in mitosis, the molecular components and dynamics of the mitotic actomyosin cortex is an area of active ... Matthews HK, Delabre U, Rohn JL, Guck J, Kunda P, Baum B (August 2012). "Changes in Ect2 localization couple actomyosin- ... Rounding forces are driven by reorganization of F-actin and myosin (actomyosin) into a contractile homogeneous cell cortex that ... Stewart MP, Helenius J, Toyoda Y, Ramanathan SP, Muller DJ, Hyman AA (January 2011). "Hydrostatic pressure and the actomyosin ...
Cell cortex
The actomyosin cortex is attached to the cell membrane via membrane-anchoring proteins called ERM proteins that plays a central ... Rosa, A (2015). "Ect2/Pbl acts via Rho and polarity proteins to direct the assembly of an isotropic actomyosin cortex upon ... The cell cortex, also known as the actin cortex, cortical cytoskeleton or actomyosin cortex, is a specialized layer of ... Stewart MP, Helenius J, Toyoda Y, Ramanathan SP, Muller DJ, Hyman AA (January 2011). "Hydrostatic pressure and the actomyosin ...
Bernhard Brenner
Yu, L.C.; Brenner, B. (March 1989). "Structures of actomyosin crossbridges in relaxed and rigor muscle fibers". Biophysical ...
ANLN
These actomyosin rings invaginate to separate all nuclei for one another in the syncytial blastoderm. Anillin has a unique ... Goldbach P, Wong R, Beise N, Sarpal R, Trimble WS, Brill JA (May 2010). "Stabilization of the actomyosin ring enables ... Anillins are also enriched at other actomyosin rings, most significantly, those at the leading edge of the Drosophila embryo ... Anillins have also been shown to organize the actomyosin cytoskeleton into syncytial structures observed in Drosophila embryos ...
Glysobuzole
The actomyosin filaments of β-cells contract and release insulin. Secretion of insulin in large amounts decreases the ...
ROCK1
... is a major downstream effecter of the small GTPase RhoA and is a regulator of the actomyosin cytoskeleton which promotes ... In humans, the main function of ROCK1 is actomyosin contractility. As mentioned before, this contributes to many proximal ...
Cell mechanics
Stewart MP, Helenius J, Toyoda Y, Ramanathan SP, Muller DJ, Hyman AA (January 2011). "Hydrostatic pressure and the actomyosin ... actomyosin assemblies (F-actin, myosin motors, and associated binding, nucleating, capping, stabilizing, and crosslinking ...
Mitotic cell rounding
Apart from actomyosin-related genes, several disease genes have recently been implicated in mitotic cell rounding. These ... "ETH ETH E-Collection: The Mechanism of Mitotic Rounding: Role of the Actomyosin Cortex - ETH". e-collection.library.ethz.ch. ... Sorce, B (2015). "Mitotic cells contract actomyosin cortex and generate pressure to round against or escape epithelial ... "Changes in Ect2 localization couple actomyosin-dependent cell shape changes to mitotic progression". Developmental Cell. 23 (2 ...
Apical constriction
Like in Xenopus, actomyosin contractility plays a major role in constricting the apical side of the cell. The constricting ... In these cells, apical constriction occurs when actomyosin contractility folds the cell membrane to reduce the apical surface ... Lee, J.; Harland, R. M. (2007). "Actomyosin contractility and microtubules drive apical constriction in Xenopus bottle cells". ...
ADP deaminase
Deutsch A, Nilsson R (1954). "On the dephosphorylation and deamination of adenosine triphosphate by actomyosin gel". Acta Chem ...
Plakophilin-2
"Plakophilin 2 couples actomyosin remodeling to desmosomal plaque assembly via RhoA". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 21 (16): ...
Rae Robertson-Anderson
The oscillators produce actomyosin, a protein complex which contracts muscle tissue. Robertson-Anderson was made Chair of the ...
Manuel Morales
1989) On the origin and transmission of force in actomyosin subfragment 1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA ...
Actin turnover ensures uniform tension distribution during cytokinetic actomyosin ring contraction | Molecular Biology of the...
... cytokinesis is facilitated by the contraction of an actomyosin ring (AMR). The exact mechanisms that lead to this contractility ... of defective actin turnover during cytokinesis shows that robust rearrangement of actin is crucial for proper actomyosin ring ... A contractile actomyosin ring (AMR) is essential for normal cytokinesis in fungal, amoeboid, and metazoan cells, and both ... Nguyen L, Swulius MT, Aich S, Mishra M, Jensen GJ (2018). Coarse-grained simulations of actomyosin rings point to a nodeless ...
Microtubule-Actomyosin Mechanical Cooperation during Contact Guidance Sensing<...
Microtubule-Actomyosin Mechanical Cooperation during Contact Guidance Sensing. Cell Reports. 2018 Oct 9;25(2):328-338.e6. doi: ... Microtubule-Actomyosin Mechanical Cooperation during Contact Guidance Sensing. In: Cell Reports. 2018 ; Vol. 25, No. 2. pp. 328 ... Microtubule-Actomyosin Mechanical Cooperation during Contact Guidance Sensing. Erdem D. Tabdanov, Vikram Puram, Alexander ... Microtubule-Actomyosin Mechanical Cooperation during Contact Guidance Sensing. / Tabdanov, Erdem D.; Puram, Vikram; Zhovmer, ...
positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database
mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly actin filament organization + negative regulation of mitotic actomyosin ... positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring contraction positive regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ... actomyosin contractile ring assembly ; up regulation of actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in cytokinesis after ... actomyosin contractile ring assembly involved in mitotic cytokinesis ; up regulation of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring ...
The actomyosin network at the apical pole of human corneal endothelial cells | 2022 Photomicrography Competition | Nikon's...
Spatiotemporal recruitment of RhoGTPase protein GRAF inhibits actomyosin ring constriction in Drosophila cellularization | eLife
Actomyosin contractility is regulated by Rho-GTP in cell migration, cytokinesis and morphogenesis in embryo development. ... GRAF is enriched at the cleavage furrow tip during actomyosin assembly and initiation of ring constriction. Graf depletion ... Whereas Rho activation by Rho-GTP exchange factor (GEF), RhoGEF2 is well known in actomyosin contractility during cytokinesis ... GRAF and RhoGEF2 are present in a balance for appropriate activation of actomyosin ring constriction. RhoGEF2 depletion and ...
Language: English / Subject: Actomyosin / Exhibit Tags: institute - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi - Profiles in Science Search Results
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Casimir - BN Seminar - Stephan Grill (TU Dresden): 'Physics of Actomyosin-based Morphogenetic Processes'
The actomyosin cortex is a thin layer underneath the cellular membrane that can self contract, which drives many of the large- ... BN Seminar - Stephan Grill (TU Dresden): Physics of Actomyosin-based Morphogenetic Processes. Date:. 27 January 2017 ... I will discuss physical activities of the actomyosin cytoskeleton that emerge on the mesoscale and that drive cell-scale ... We are just beginning to understand how the actomyosin cortex reshapes and deforms, and how such morphogenetic processes couple ...
Actin-facilitated assembly of smooth muscle myosin induces formation of actomyosin fibrils | Journal of Cell Biology |...
To identify regulatory mechanisms potentially involved in formation of actomyosin structures in smooth muscle cells, the ... causing regeneration of actomyosin fiber bundles. The results indicate that actomyosin fibers can be spontaneously formed by F- ... Actin-facilitated assembly of smooth muscle myosin induces formation of actomyosin fibrils D Applegate, D Applegate ... Actomyosin fibers also formed after addition of F-actin to nonphosphorylated 10S myosin monomers containing the products of ATP ...
Actomyosin cables by mechanical self-organization | mathtube.org
Browsing by Subject "Actomyosin Cytoskeleton"
Regulation of actomyosin contractility | Zaidel-Bar Lab
"Entropy production rate is maximized in non-contractile actomyosin" by Daniel S. Seara, Vikrant Yadav et al.
To investigate this, we synthesize an actomyosin material in vitro whose active stress content can tune the network from stable ... stable state of actomyosin. Our study provides evidence that the origins of entropy production and activity-dependent ... To investigate this, we synthesize an actomyosin material in vitro whose active stress content can tune the network from stable ... stable state of actomyosin. Our study provides evidence that the origins of entropy production and activity-dependent ...
Engineering Light-Responsive Contractile Actomyosin Systems with Genetic Nanotechnology
Microtubules tune mechanosensitive cell responses | Nature Materials
Here, we show that talin- and actomyosin-dependent mechanosensing of substrate rigidity controls microtubule acetylation (a ... actomyosin contractility and traction forces. Our results reveal a fundamental crosstalk between microtubules and actin in ... Integrin-mediated focal adhesions are major sites of mechanotransduction and their connection with the actomyosin network is ... 4 Microtubule acetylation promotes acto-myosin contractility.. a, Astrocytes transfected with siCtl or siαTAT1-1, and (a. i) ...
How Plasma Membrane and Cytoskeletal Dynamics Influence Single-Cell Wound Healing: Mechanotransduction, Tension and Tensegrity ...
Actomyosin contractile ring. Mechanical wounding; laser wounding. RhoA; Cdc42; F-actin; myosin II; microtubules. [83-89]. ... Formation of the actomyosin array is controlled by the Ca2+-dependent recruitment and activation of Rho family GTPase proteins ... Actomyosin contractile ring. As previously discussed, disruptions of the plasma membrane may be accompanied by, as well as ... Wound closure in epithelial sheets has been demonstrated to be driven by the coupling of actomyosin contraction and collective ...
Protein Friction and Filament Bending Facilitate Contraction of Disordered Actomyosin Networks | bioRxiv
I. Mendes Pinto, B. Y. Rubinstein, A. Kucharavy, J. R. Unruh, and R. Li, "Actin depolymerization drives actomyosin ring ... M. Murrell, P. W. Oakes, M. Lenz, and M. L. Gardel, "Forcing cells into shape: the mechanics of actomyosin contractility", ... M. Lenz, T. Thoresen, M. L. Gardel, and A. R. Dinner, "Contractile units in disordered actomyosin bundles arise from F-actin ... S. L. Freedman, G. M. Hocky, S. Banerjee, and A. R. Dinner, "Nonequilibrium phase diagrams for actomyosin networks", Soft ...
Scaling behaviour in steady-state contracting actomyosin networks. - The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology
Here, we generate contracting actomyosin networks with rapid turnover in vitro, by encapsulating cytoplasmic Xenopus egg ... Contractile actomyosin network flows are crucial for many cellular processes including cell division and motility, ... Scaling behaviour in steady-state contracting actomyosin networks. Malik-Garbi M., Ierushalmi N., Jansen S., Abu-Shah E., Goode ... Contractile actomyosin network flows are crucial for many cellular processes including cell division and motility, ...
Oxygen regulates epithelial stem cell proliferation via RhoA-actomyosin-YAP/TAZ signal in mouse incisor. | Development;148(4...
Investigating actomyosin mediated nuclear force coupling in Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome - The University of Liverpool...
People - Biomedical Engineering - Purdue University
RTKN rhotekin [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
Secretion of IL1 by Dedifferentiated Melanoma Cells Inhibits JAK1-STAT3-Driven
Actomyosin Contractility of Lymph Node...
Multiple- and single-molecule analysis of the actomyosin motor by nanometer-piconewton manipulation with a microneedle: Unitary...
Ishijima A, Kojima H, Higuchi H, Harada Y, Funatsu T, Yanagida T. Multiple- and single-molecule analysis of the actomyosin ... At a very low myosin-to-rod ratio, distinct actomyosin attachment, force generation (the power stroke), and detachment events ... At a very low myosin-to-rod ratio, distinct actomyosin attachment, force generation (the power stroke), and detachment events ... At a very low myosin-to-rod ratio, distinct actomyosin attachment, force generation (the power stroke), and detachment events ...
Podiumsdiskussion „Die Bedeutung von Drittmitteln in der Forschungsförderung"
Research - Onishi Lab | Duke Biology
Is furrowing without actomyosin ring relevant to us?. We think so!!. It is clear that the contractile actomyosin ring was not ... While the actomyosin system plays an important role in improving the efficiency and fidelity of furrowing, it is not the ... How does a cell form a furrow without an actomyosin ring?. Most eukaryotic cells divide by forming a cleavage furrow. According ... We use the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which has no actomyosin ring yet divides by furrowing, as a model to ...
Peripheral muscle endurance and the oxidative profile of the quadriceps in patients with COPD | Thorax
Publications | Crick
Publications | Benny Geiger's
Tian, B; Gabelt, BT; Geiger, B; Kaufman, PL (2009). The role of the actomyosin system in regulating trabecular fluid outflow. ... Wolfenson, H; Bershadsky, A; Henis, YI; Geiger, B (2011). Actomyosin-generated tension controls the molecular kinetics of focal ... Differential effect of actomyosin relaxation on the dynamic properties of focal adhesion proteins. PLoS ONE. 8 (9):e73549. ...
Wissenschaftliche Publikationen | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Contractility8
- Actomyosin contractility is regulated by Rho-GTP in cell migration, cytokinesis and morphogenesis in embryo development. (elifesciences.org)
- Whereas Rho activation by Rho-GTP exchange factor (GEF), RhoGEF2 is well known in actomyosin contractility during cytokinesis at the base of invaginating membranes in Drosophila cellularization, Rho inhibition by RhoGTPase activating proteins (GAP) remains to be studied. (elifesciences.org)
- We have found that the RhoGAP, GRAF inhibits actomyosin contractility during cellularization. (elifesciences.org)
- Therefore, GRAF recruitment restricts Rho-GTP levels in a spatiotemporal manner for inhibiting actomyosin contractility during cellularization. (elifesciences.org)
- We are using C. elegans spermatheca as a highly tractable model of a smooth muscle-like tubular tissue to uncover novel signaling pathways controlling actomyosin contractility. (zaidelbarlab.com)
- Microtubule acetylation, in turn, promotes the release of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 from microtubules to activate RhoA, actomyosin contractility and traction forces. (nature.com)
- Secretion of IL1 by Dedifferentiated Melanoma Cells Inhibits JAK1-STAT3-Driven Actomyosin Contractility of Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells. (amedeo.com)
- For example perturbing actomyosin contractility strongly affects cell-cell adhesion formation and maturation (Angres et al. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Cytoskeleton4
- I will discuss physical activities of the actomyosin cytoskeleton that emerge on the mesoscale and that drive cell-scale morphogenetic processes, for example the generation of active tension and active torque. (researchschool.nl)
- More recently, we have shown that activity of the small GTPase RHO-1 is essential for spermathecal contraction by activation of actomyosin, a part of the cytoskeleton. (zaidelbarlab.com)
- We have focused particular attention on the neurofibromatosis type 2 ( NF2 ) tumor suppressor, Merlin, and closely related ERM proteins (Ezrin, Radixin and Moesin) - membrane:cytoskeleton linking proteins that simultaneously influence membrane complexes and the cortical actomyosin cytoskeleton. (massgeneral.org)
- We conclude that E-cadherin-based FAJs connect forming cell-cell adhesions to the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Contractile9
- Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic actomyosin contractile ring assembly. (mcw.edu)
- Moreover, induction of actomyosin fibers by myosin light chain phosphorylation in the presence of actin filament networks provides a plausible hypothesis for contractile fiber assembly in situ. (rupress.org)
- Entropy production rate is maximized in non-contractile actomyosin" by Daniel S. Seara, Vikrant Yadav et al. (uni.edu)
- To investigate this, we synthesize an actomyosin material in vitro whose active stress content can tune the network from stable to contractile. (uni.edu)
- We find that the balance of work and entropy does not increase monotonically and the entropy production rate is maximized in the non-contractile, stable state of actomyosin. (uni.edu)
- Contractile actomyosin network flows are crucial for many cellular processes including cell division and motility, morphogenesis and transport. (ox.ac.uk)
- According to the textbook model, the force for furrowing should be provided by the contractile actomyosin ring . (duke.edu)
- We know very well that animal cells divide by centripetal ingression of the cleavage furrow , which is aided by the contractile actomyosin ring . (duke.edu)
- It is clear that the contractile actomyosin ring was not the primary force-generating machinery for furrowing when it emerged in a cell, because the immediate progenitor of such cell could form a furrow without it. (duke.edu)
Contraction3
- In many eukaryotes, cytokinesis is facilitated by the contraction of an actomyosin ring (AMR). (molbiolcell.org)
- We use mathematical modelling and computation to investigate how protein friction facilitates contraction of disordered actomyosin networks. (biorxiv.org)
- Moreover the rate of barrier establishment is delayed when actomyosin contraction is blocked or when Vinculin recruitment to the Cadherin complex is prevented. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Cytokinesis1
- 5) Most importantly, we will use Chlamydomonas to identify novel and universal cytokinesis genes, whose roles may have been obscured in animals and fungi by the prominent actomyosin ring. (duke.edu)
Actin7
- To identify regulatory mechanisms potentially involved in formation of actomyosin structures in smooth muscle cells, the influence of F-actin on smooth muscle myosin assembly was examined. (rupress.org)
- Furthermore, myosin assembly caused rearrangement of actin filament networks into actomyosin fibers composed of coaligned F-actin and myosin thick filaments. (rupress.org)
- Severin-induced fragmentation of actin in actomyosin fibers resulted in immediate disassembly of myosin thick filaments, demonstrating that actin filaments were indispensable for mediating myosin assembly in the presence of AMPPNP. (rupress.org)
- Actomyosin fibers also formed after addition of F-actin to nonphosphorylated 10S myosin monomers containing the products of ATP hydrolysis trapped at the active site. (rupress.org)
- However, reassembly of myosin filaments in the presence of MgATP and F-actin could be induced by phosphorylation of myosin P-light chains, causing regeneration of actomyosin fiber bundles. (rupress.org)
- The results indicate that actomyosin fibers can be spontaneously formed by F-actin-mediated assembly of smooth muscle myosin. (rupress.org)
- As cells expand, arrays of actomyosin are again resolved-some F-actin turnover likely occurs, but a large fraction of existing filaments rearrange. (janelia.org)
Cortical1
- Mechanistically, we have demonstrated that, during hypoxia , HIF1α upregulation activates the RhoA signal, thereby promoting cortical actomyosin and stabilizing the adherens junction complex, including merlin . (bvsalud.org)
Cleavage furrow2
- GRAF is enriched at the cleavage furrow tip during actomyosin assembly and initiation of ring constriction. (elifesciences.org)
- We use the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , which has no actomyosin ring yet divides by furrowing, as a model to understand how a cell without an actomyosin ring can form a cleavage furrow and to gain insights into the evolution of division mechanisms in a diverse range of eukaryotes from their common ancestor. (duke.edu)
RhoA1
- Oxygen regulates epithelial stem cell proliferation via RhoA-actomyosin-YAP/TAZ signal in mouse incisor. (bvsalud.org)
Microtubules2
- Using flat and nanotextured substrates with variable architectures and stiffness, we show that CG sensing is regulated by substrate stiffness and define a mechanical role for microtubules and actomyosin-microtubule interactions during CG sensing. (elsevier.com)
- show that the mechanical properties of aligned extracellular matrix environments influence invasive cell behavior and define a mechanical role for microtubules and actomyosin-microtubule interactions during sensing of contact guidance cues that arise from aligned extracellular matrix. (elsevier.com)
Membrane2
- The actomyosin cortex is a thin layer underneath the cellular membrane that can self contract, which drives many of the large-scale morphogenetic rearrangements that are observed during animal development. (researchschool.nl)
- Actomyosin dynamics drive local membrane component organization in an in vitro active composite layer. (ncbs.res.in)
Dynamics2
- Superresolution microscopy reveals actomyosin dynamics in medioapical arrays. (janelia.org)
- Leading-process actomyosin coordinates organelle positioning and adhesion receptor dynamics in radially migrating cerebellar granule neurons. (stjude.org)
Spatiotemporal1
- Thus, Cdc42 and formins play pivotal roles in heart lumen formation through the spatiotemporal regulation of the actomyosin network (Vogler, 2014). (sdbonline.org)
Vitro1
- Here, we generate contracting actomyosin networks with rapid turnover in vitro, by encapsulating cytoplasmic Xenopus egg extracts into cell-sized 'water-in-oil' droplets. (ox.ac.uk)
Flows1
- Symmetry breaking and emergence of directional flows in minimal actomyosin cortices. (mpg.de)
Epithelial1
- Campos Y, Qiu X, Gomero Y, Wakefield R, Horner L, Brutkowski W, Han YG, Solecki D , Frase S, Bongiovanni A and d'Azzo A. Alix-mediated assembly of the actomyosin-tight junction polarity complex preserves epithelial polarity and epithelial barrier. (stjude.org)
Adhesion1
- 2010 During junction formation it is not clear which of the different adhesion complexes forms a Meisoindigo functional link with actomyosin. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Crucial1
- Integrin-mediated focal adhesions are major sites of mechanotransduction and their connection with the actomyosin network is crucial for mechanosensing as well as for the generation and transmission of forces onto the substrate. (nature.com)
Stiffness1
- 2011. Actomyosin-mediated cellular tension drives increased tissue stiffness and β-catenin activation to induce epidermal hyperplasia and tumor growth. . (ucsf.edu)
Networks2
- Fig. 3: Microtubule acetylation reorganizes the actomyosin and intermediate filament networks. (nature.com)
- Scaling behaviour in steady-state contracting actomyosin networks. (ox.ac.uk)
Essential1
- To understand the true evolutionary advantage of the actomyosin ring, it is essential to know what a cell without it can and cannot do. (duke.edu)
Recruitment1
- Here, we show that talin- and actomyosin-dependent mechanosensing of substrate rigidity controls microtubule acetylation (a tubulin post-translational modification) by promoting the recruitment of α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (αTAT1) to focal adhesions. (nature.com)
Form1
- How does a cell form a furrow without an actomyosin ring? (duke.edu)
Drive1
- Supracellular actomyosin cables often drive morphogenesis in development. (mathtube.org)
Activation1
- GRAF and RhoGEF2 are present in a balance for appropriate activation of actomyosin ring constriction. (elifesciences.org)
Force1
- At a very low myosin-to-rod ratio, distinct actomyosin attachment, force generation (the power stroke), and detachment events were directly detected. (elsevier.com)
System2
Role1
- 2005 indicating that actomyosin based forces play a promoting or stabilizing role in this process. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Understand1
- We are just beginning to understand how the actomyosin cortex reshapes and deforms, and how such morphogenetic processes couple to singnaling. (researchschool.nl)
Energy1
- Using this method, the elementary events in energy transduction by the actomyosin motor, driven by ATP hydrolysis, were directly recorded from multiple and single molecules. (elsevier.com)