Activin receptors type ii. Medical search

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. The major type II activin receptors are ActR-IIA and ActR-IIB.

Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). Activin receptors also bind TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity.

Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). There are several type I activin receptors. The major active ones are ALK-2 (ActR-IA) and ALK-4 (ActR-IB).

A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that competes with the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I for binding to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The interleukin-1 type II receptor appears to lack signal transduction capability. Therefore it may act as a "decoy" receptor that modulates the activity of its ligands. Both membrane-bound and soluble forms of the receptor have been identified.

Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively

They are glycopeptides and subunits in INHIBINS and ACTIVINS. Inhibins and activins belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily.

A broadly distributed protein that binds directly to ACTIVINS. It functions as an activin antagonist, inhibits FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion, regulates CELL DIFFERENTIATION, and plays an important role in embryogenesis. Follistatin is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain of approximately 37-kDa and is not a member of the inhibin family (INHIBINS). Follistatin also binds and neutralizes many members of the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA family.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are constitutively active PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that can interact with and phosphorylate TYPE I BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS.

Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. It regulates TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and ACTIVIN signaling.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A family of proteins that are involved in the translocation of signals from TGF-BETA RECEPTORS; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS; and other surface receptors to the CELL NUCLEUS. They were originally identified as a class of proteins that are related to the mothers against decapentaplegic protein, Drosophila and sma proteins from CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-1. Included under this heading are signaling receptors, non-signaling receptors and accessory proteins required for receptor signaling. Signaling from interleukin-1 receptors occurs via interaction with SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype that is expressed primarily in IMMUNE SYSTEM cells. It has specificity for membrane-bound form of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTORS and mediates intracellular-signaling through TNF RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

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A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A family of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS that bind BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that mediate SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS through SMAD PROTEINS.

A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.

Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.

Lack of regulation in the heart forming region of avian embryos. (1/298)

The ability to regenerate a heart after ablation of cardiogenic mesoderm has been demonstrated in early stage fish and amphibian embryos but this type of regulation of the heart field has not been seen in avians or mammals. The regulative potential of the cardiogenic mesoderm was examined in avian embryos and related to the spatial expression of genes implicated in early cardiogenesis. With the identification of early cardiac regulators such as bmp-2 and nkx-2.5, it is now possible to reconcile classical embryological studies with molecular mechanisms of cardiac lineage determination in vivo. The most anterior lateral embryonic cells were identified as the region that becomes the heart and removal of all or any subset of these cells resulted in the loss of corresponding cardiac structures. In addition, removal of the lateral heart forming mesoderm while leaving the lateral endoderm intact also results in loss of cardiac structures. Thus the medial anterior mesoderm cannot be recruited into the heart lineage in vivo even in the presence of potentially cardiac inducing endoderm. In situ analysis demonstrated that genes involved in early events of cardiogenesis such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp-2) and nkx-2.5 are expressed coincidentally with the mapped far lateral heart forming region. The activin type IIa receptor (actR-IIa) is a potential mediator of BMP signaling since it is expressed throughout the anterior mesoderm with the highest level of expression occurring in the lateral prospective heart cells. The posterior boundary of actR-IIa is consistent with the posterior boundary of nkx-2.5 expression, supporting a model whereby ActR-IIa is involved in restricting the heart forming region to an anterior subset of lateral cells exposed to BMP-2. Analysis of the cardiogenic potential of the lateral plate mesoderm posterior to nkx-2.5 and actR-IIa expression demonstrated that these cells are not cardiogenic in vitro and that removal of these cells from the embryo does not result in loss of heart tissue in vivo. Thus, the region of the avian embryo that will become the heart is defined medially, laterally, and posteriorly by nkx-2.5 gene expression. Removal of all or part of the nkx-2.5 expressing region results in the loss of corresponding heart structures, demonstrating the inability of the chick embryo to regenerate cardiac tissue in vivo at stages after nkx-2.5 expression is initiated. (+info)

Identification of two amino acids in activin A that are important for biological activity and binding to the activin type II receptors. (2/298)

Activins are members of the transforming growth factor-beta family of growth and differentiation factors. In this paper, we report the results of a structure-function analysis of activin A. The primary targets for directed mutagenesis were charged, individual amino acids located in accessible domains of the protein, concentrating on those that differ from transforming growth factor-beta2, the x-ray crystal structure of which is known. Based on the activities of the recombinant activin mutants in two bioassays, 4 out of 39 mutant proteins (D27K, K102A, K102E, and K102R) produced in a vaccinia virus system were selected for further investigation. After production in insect cells and purification of these four mutants to homogeneity, they were studied in bioassays and in cross-linking experiments involving transfected receptor combinations. Mutant D27K has a 2-fold higher specific bio-activity and binding affinity to an ActRIIA/ALK-4 activin receptor complex than wild type activin, whereas mutant K102E had no detectable biological activity and did not bind to any of the activin receptors. Mutant K102R and wild type activin bound to all the activin receptor combinations tested and were equipotent in bioassays. Our results with the Lys-102 mutants indicate that the positive charge of amino acid 102 is important for biological activity and type II receptor binding of activins. (+info)

Control of digit formation by activin signalling. (3/298)

Major advances in the genetics of vertebrate limb development have been obtained in recent years. However, the nature of the signals which trigger differentiation of the mesoderm to form the limb skeleton remains elusive. Previously, we have obtained evidence for a role of TGFbeta2 in digit formation. Here, we show that activins A and B and/or AB are also signals involved in digit skeletogenesis. activin betaA gene expression correlates with the initiation of digit chondrogenesis while activin betaB is expressed coincidently with the formation of the last phalanx of each digit. Exogenous administration of activins A, B or AB into the interdigital regions induces the formation of extra digits. follistatin, a natural antagonist of activins, is expressed, under the control of activin, peripherally to the digit chondrogenic aggregates marking the prospective tendinous blastemas. Exogenous application of follistatin blocks physiological and activin-induced digit formation. Evidence for a close interaction between activins and other signalling molecules, such as BMPs and FGFs, operating at the distal tip of the limb at these stages is also provided. Chondrogenesis by activins is mediated by BMPs through the regulation of the BMP receptor bmpR-1b and in turn activin expression is upregulated by BMP signalling. In addition, AER hyperactivity secondary to Wnt3A misexpression or local administration of FGFs, inhibits activin expression. In correlation with the restricted expression of activins in the course of digit formation, neither activin nor follistatin treatment affects the development of the skeletal components of the stylopod or zeugopod indicating that the formation of the limb skeleton is regulated by segment-specific chondrogenic signals. (+info)

Impaired differentiation of endocrine and exocrine cells of the pancreas in transgenic mouse expressing the truncated type II activin receptor. (4/298)

Activin A is expressed in endocrine precursor cells of the fetal pancreatic anlage. To determine the physiological significance of activins in the pancreas, a transgenic mouse line expressing the truncated type II activin receptor under the control of beta-actin promoter was developed. Histological analyses of the pancreas revealed that the pancreatic islets of the transgenic mouse were small in size and were located mainly along the pancreatic ducts. Immunoreactive insulin was detected in islets, some acinar cells, and in some epithelial cells in the duct. In addition, there were abnormal endocrine cells outside the islets. The shape and the size of the endocrine cells varied and some of them were larger than islets. These cells expressed immunoreactive insulin and glucagon. In the exocrine portion, there were morphologically abnormal exocrine cells, which did not form a typical acinar structure. The cells lacked spatial polarity characteristics of acinar cells but expressed immunoreactive amylase, which was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm. Plasma glucose concentration was normal in the transgenic mouse before and after the administration of glucose. The insulin content of the pancreas in transgenic and normal mice was nearly identical. These results suggest that activins or related ligands regulate the differentiation of the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells. (+info)

The type II activin receptors are essential for egg cylinder growth, gastrulation, and rostral head development in mice. (5/298)

The type II activin receptors, ActRIIA and ActRIIB, have been shown to play critical roles in axial patterning and organ development in mice. To investigate whether their function is required for mesoderm formation and gastrulation as implicated in Xenopus studies, we generated mice carrying both receptor mutations by interbreeding the ActRIIA and ActRIIB knockout mutants. We found that embryos homozygous for both receptor mutations were growth arrested at the egg cylinder stage and did not form mesoderm. Further analyses revealed that ActRIIA(-/-)ActRIIB(+/-) and about 15% of the ActRIIA(-/-) embryos failed to form an elongated primitive streak, resulting in severe disruption of mesoderm formation in the embryo proper. Interestingly, we observed similar gastrulation defects in ActRIIA(-/-)nodal(+/-) double mutants, which, if they developed beyond the gastrulation stage, displayed rostral head defects and cyclopia. These results provide genetic evidence that type II activin receptors are required for egg cylinder growth, primitive streak formation, and rostral head development in mice. (+info)

Activin stimulation of zebrafish oocyte maturation in vitro and its potential role in mediating gonadotropin-induced oocyte maturation. (6/298)

Activin plays important roles in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction. Using zebrafish, Danio rerio, as a model, the present study aimed at investigating the role of activin in the regulation of final oocyte maturation. Administration of recombinant goldfish activin B significantly increased the rate of oocyte maturation in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The effect of activin seemed to be additive to the effects of gonadotropin (hCG) and 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxyprogesterone, a potent maturation-inducing hormone in teleosts. The specificity of the activin action was confirmed by coincubation with recombinant human follistatin, which completely abolished the stimulatory effect of activin B. Interestingly, follistatin also significantly inhibited hCG-induced oocyte maturation, suggesting that endogenous activin may be a downstream mediator of gonadotropin actions. No effect of activin B was observed in the presence of actinomycin D, indicating that the action of activin may involve changes in transcriptional activity. These results, together with the demonstration that activin and its type II receptor are expressed in the zebrafish ovary, strongly suggest a paracrine/autocrine role for activin in the controlling of final oocyte maturation. (+info)

Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation. (7/298)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-(&bgr;) superfamily, and is most similar to BMP-5, osteogenic protein (OP)-1/BMP-7, and OP-2/BMP-8. In the present study, we characterized the endogenous BMP-6 signaling pathway during osteoblast differentiation. BMP-6 strongly induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in cells of osteoblast lineage, including C2C12 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells, and ROB-C26 cells. The profile of binding of BMP-6 to type I and type II receptors was similar to that of OP-1/BMP-7 in C2C12 cells and MC3T3-E1 cells; BMP-6 strongly bound to activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-2 (also termed ActR-I), together with type II receptors, i.e. BMP type II receptor (BMPR-II) and activin type II receptor (ActR-II). In addition, BMP-6 weakly bound to BMPR-IA (ALK-3), to which BMP-2 also bound. In contrast, binding of BMP-6 to BMPR-IB (ALK-6), and less efficiently to ALK-2 and BMPR-IA, together with BMPR-II was detected in ROB-C26 cells. Intracellular signalling was further studied using C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Among the receptor-regulated Smads activated by BMP receptors, BMP-6 strongly induced phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad5, and less efficiently those of Smad1. However, Smad8 was constitutively phosphorylated, and no further phosphorylation or nuclear accumulation of Smad8 by BMP-6 was observed. These findings indicate that in the process of differentiation to osteoblasts, BMP-6 binds to ALK-2 as well as other type I receptors, and transduces signals mainly through Smad5 and possibly through Smad1. (+info)

Mouse Lefty2 and zebrafish antivin are feedback inhibitors of nodal signaling during vertebrate gastrulation. (8/298)

Mammalian lefty and zebrafish antivin form a subgroup of the TGF beta superfamily. We report that mouse mutants for lefty2 have an expanded primitive streak and form excess mesoderm, a phenotype opposite to that of mutants for the TGF beta gene nodal. Analogously, overexpression of Antivin or Lefty2 in zebrafish embryos blocks head and trunk mesoderm formation, a phenotype identical to that of mutants caused by loss of Nodal signaling. The lefty2 mutant phenotype is partially suppressed by heterozygosity for nodal. Similarly, the effects of Antivin and Lefty2 can be suppressed by overexpression of the nodal-related genes cyclops and squint or the extracellular domain of ActRIIB. Expression of antivin is dependent on Nodal signaling, revealing a feedback loop wherein Nodal signals induce their antagonists Lefty2 and Antivin to restrict Nodal signaling during gastrulation. (+info)

Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR2B

"Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR2A

A two-week treatment of normal mice with soluble activin type IIB receptor, a molecule that is normally attached to cells and ... Myostatin binds to the activin type II receptor, resulting in a recruitment of either coreceptor Alk-3 or Alk-4. This ... December 2005). "Regulation of muscle growth by multiple ligands signaling through activin type II receptors". Proceedings of ... Treating progeric mice with soluble activin receptor type IIB before the onset of premature ageing signs appear to protects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myostatin

"Identification of human activin and TGF beta type I receptors that form heteromeric kinase complexes with type II receptors". ... "Entrez Gene: ACVRL1 activin A receptor type II-like 1". Olivieri C, Mira E, Delù G, Pagella F, Zambelli A, Malvezzi L, ... It is also known as activin receptor-like kinase 1, or ALK1. This gene encodes a type I cell-surface receptor for the TGF-beta ... "Mutations in the activin receptor-like kinase 1 gene in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2". Nature Genetics. 13 (2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVRL1

"Identification and characterization of a PDZ protein that interacts with activin type II receptors". J Biol Chem. 275 (8): 5485 ... This encoded protein is characterized by two WW domains, a guanylate kinase-like domain, and multiple PDZ domains. It has ... 1998). "Atrophin-1, the DRPLA gene product, interacts with two families of WW domain-containing proteins". Mol. Cell. Neurosci ... Nakayama M, Kikuno R, Ohara O (2003). "Protein-protein interactions between large proteins: two-hybrid screening using a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGI2

"Determination of type I receptor specificity by the type II receptors for TGF-beta or activin". Science. 262 (5135): 900-2. ... Choy L, Derynck R (November 1998). "The type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor-interacting protein TRIP-1 acts ... Oh SP, Seki T, Goss KA, Imamura T, Yi Y, Donahoe PK, Li L, Miyazono K, ten Dijke P, Kim S, Li E (March 2000). "Activin receptor ... Chen W, Wahl SM (2002). "TGF-β: Receptors, Signaling Pathways and Autoimmunity". TGF-beta: receptors, signaling pathways and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta_1

January 2008). "MicroRNA miR-24 inhibits erythropoiesis by targeting activin type I receptor ALK4". Blood. 111 (2): 588-95. doi ... Recently, miR-24 has been shown to suppress expression of two crucial cell cycle control genes, E2F2 and Myc in hematopoietic ... 199 (2): 347-63. doi:10.1083/jcb.201203134. PMC 3471232. PMID 23071155. Wang Q, Huang Z, Xue H, et al. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-24_microRNA_precursor_family

... and BMPR1B and the type II receptor BMPR2. These receptors are also closely related to the activin receptors, ACVR1 and ACVR2. ... kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in ... but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors require their respective type II ... "Human type II receptor for bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs): extension of the two-kinase receptor model to the BMPs". Mol. Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1A

"Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent ... II. Doxorubicin transport in lung cancer by RLIP76". Int. J. Oncol. 22 (4): 713-20. doi:10.3892/ijo.22.4.713. PMID 12632060. ... involvement of the Ral pathway in receptor endocytosis" (PDF). J. Cell Sci. 113 (16): 2837-44. doi:10.1242/jcs.113.16.2837. ... 48 (2): 551-62. doi:10.18388/abp.2001_3938. PMID 11732624. Matsuzaki T, Hanai S, Kishi H, Liu Z, Bao Y, Kikuchi A, Tsuchida K, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RALBP1

"Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent ... "Novel factors in regulation of activin signaling". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 225 (1-2): 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.mce. ... "Novel factors in regulation of activin signaling". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 225 (1-2): 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.mce. ... "Interactions of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family with cytosolic adaptor and scaffold proteins suggest diverse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYNJ2BP

"Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent ... The product of this gene is part of a protein complex that regulates the endocytosis of growth factor receptors. The encoded ... Its expression can negatively affect receptor internalization and inhibit growth factor signaling. Multiple transcript variants ... "Epsin binds to the EH domain of POB1 and regulates receptor-mediated endocytosis". Oncogene. 18 (43): 5915-22. doi:10.1038/sj. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPS2

"Three-finger toxin fold for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor serine kinase". Nature ... Ploug M, Ellis V (August 1994). "Structure-function relationships in the receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator. ... such as the activin type 2 receptor; and bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA. Other LU domain proteins are small ... Other receptors with LU domains include members of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta) superfamily, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-finger_protein

"Three-finger toxin fold for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor serine kinase". Nature ... Besides uPAR, other receptors with LU domains include members of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta) ... such as the activin type 2 receptor; and bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA. Other LU domain proteins are small ... "Localization of the disulfide bonds in the NH2-terminal domain of the cellular receptor for human urokinase-type plasminogen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_domain

ACE-011 was a chimeric protein, created by fusing the binding portion of the activin type 2 receptors to part of an antibody; ... a protein therapeutic that was an activin type 2 receptor antagonist intended to treat bone loss. ... the resulting protein binds to activin and prevents it from acting. Knopf took over as CEO in 2007. He became known for showing ... At that time, the company had three protein therapeutic candidates being studied in 12 Phase 2 clinical trials, including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleron_Pharma

... activin complex reveals antagonism of both type I and type II receptor binding". Developmental Cell. 9 (4): 535-543. doi: ... Walsh S, Metter EJ, Ferrucci L, Roth SM (June 2007). "Activin-type II receptor B (ACVR2B) and follistatin haplotype ... Lambert-Messerlian G, Eklund E, Pinar H, Tantravahi U, Schneyer AL (2007). "Activin subunit and receptor expression in normal ... Two, FS-288 and FS-315, are known to be created by alternative splicing of the primary mRNA transcript. FS-300 (porcine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follistatin

... also known has Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1), and the other type II receptors BMPRII and ActRIIA. GDF2 and BMP10 are the ... and activin type II receptors balance BMP9 signals mediated by activin receptor-like kinase-1 in human pulmonary artery ... start with a ligand binding with a high affinity type I receptor (ALK1-7) followed by the recruitment of a type II receptor( ... The physiological receptor of GDF2 is activin receptor-like kinase 1, ALK1 (also called ACVRL1), an endothelial-specific type I ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF2

... the ACVR1 gene encodes the activin receptor type-1 transmembrane kinase that bind BMP receptors (Type I BMPR and Type II BMPR) ... ACVR1 encodes activin receptor type-1, a BMP type-1 receptor. The mutation causes substitution of codon 206 from arginine to ... Lin, Shuxian; Svoboda, Kathy K. H.; Feng, Jian Q.; Jiang, Xinquan (5 April 2016). "The biological function of type I receptors ... Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) may be the disease-causing cell type responsible for activin A dependent ectopic bone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva

... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ... and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding ... Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I ( I and IB) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1

8 September - Scientists report that suppressing activin type 2 receptors-signalling proteins myostatin and activin A via ... 17 July - Scientists report that yeast cells of the same genetic material and within the same environment age in two distinct ... 1997 - British scientists, led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, report cloning Dolly the sheep using DNA from two adult ... The paper's senior author cautions that the two neutralizing systems they demonstrated in cage trials "should not be used with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biotechnology

After visualizing droplet dispersal for face shields and masks with exhalation valves scientists report that these two types of ... Scientists report that suppressing activin type 2 receptors-signalling proteins myostatin and activin A via activin A/myostatin ... In two studies researchers of the Global Carbon Project summarise and analyse new estimates of the global methane budget and ... 31 July Two ice caps in Nunavut, Canada have disappeared completely, confirming predictions of a study published in 2017 that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July–September_2020_in_science

... error Type II lattice Type II string theory Type-II superconductor Type II supernova Type 2 sequence Activin type 2 receptors ... a Japanese tank Type II keratin Type II error used in statistics for a "false negative" ... Type II, a Japanese sub-machine gun Type 2 12 cm Mortar, a Japanese weapon Type 2 20 mm AA machine cannon, a Japanese weapon ... Motorola Type II Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Neurofibromatosis type II R-Type II Type I and type II errors Type II ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2

... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type IB receptor, composed ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1B

... activin A receptor type II-like 1f ANKRD33: encoding protein Ankyrin repeat domain 33 APOF: encoding protein Apolipoprotein F ... type II, gamma PIWIL1: encoding protein Piwi-like protein 1 PLBD1: encoding protein Phospholipase B domain containing 1 1 POP5 ... encoding protein Gaba type a receptor associated protein like 1 GPD1: encoding protein Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 ... non-receptor type 11 (Noonan syndrome 1) PUS1: encoding enzyme tRNA pseudouridine synthase A PUS7L: encoding enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_12

There are two activin type two receptors: ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate ... inhibin/activin betaA and betaB and the activin type II and inhibin beta-glycan receptors in the developing human testis". ... which recruits and trans-phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor recruits a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) ... "Regulation of muscle growth by multiple ligands signaling through activin type II receptors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_type_2_receptors

A ligand binds to a Type two receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylate a type I receptor. The type I receptor recruits a ... There are three type I Activin receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, and ACVR1C. Each bind to a specific type II receptor-ligand complex. ... The Activin type I receptors transduce signals for a variety of members of the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ... This family of cytokines and hormones include activin, Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_type_1_receptors

2004). "Activin isoforms signal through type I receptor serine/threonine kinase ALK7". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 220 (1-2): 59-65 ... 2001). "The orphan receptor ALK7 and the Activin receptor ALK4 mediate signaling by Nodal proteins during vertebrate ... "SB-431542 is a potent and specific inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily type I activin receptor-like kinase ... The activin A receptor also known as ACVR1C or ALK-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1C gene. ACVR1C is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1C

An Activin receptor is a receptor which binds activin. Types include: Activin type 1 receptors Activin type 2 receptors These ... Activin+receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text from ... proteins are receptor-type kinases of Ser/Thr type, which have a single transmembrane domain and a specific hydrophilic Cys- ... Wrana JL, Attisano L, Wieser R, Ventura F, Massague J (1994). "Mechanism of activation of the TGF-beta receptor". Nature. 370 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_receptor

... signaling pathway by repressing the expression of TGF-beta receptor type II". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (23): 8228- ... where the TGF-β receptor is located. The receptors for TGF-β, (including nodal, activin, myostatin and other family members) ... The complex of two SMAD3 (or of two SMAD2) and one SMAD4 binds directly to DNA though interactions of the MH1 domain. These ... October 2007). "Profibrogenic transforming growth factor-beta/activin receptor-like kinase 5 signaling via connective tissue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_3

In mammals there are seven known type I receptors and five type II receptors. There are three activins: Activin A, Activin B ... It can then either form a receptor complex with activin A receptor, type IB (ACVR1B) or with activin A receptor, type IC ( ... TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor ... The type II receptor is a serine/threonine receptor kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor. Each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta_signaling_pathway

... type I, type II, and type III. There are seven type I receptors, termed the activin-like receptors (ALK1-7), five type II ... In the transduction pathway, ligand-bound type II receptors activate type I receptors by phosphorylation, which then ... The Type I receptors have a glycine-serine (GS, or TTSGSGSG) repeat motif of around 30 AA, a target of type II activity. At ... Unlike the Type I and II receptors which are kinases, TGFBR3 has a Zona pellucida-like domain. Its core domain binds TGF-beta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF-beta_receptor_family

As of 2006, Phase I and II clinical trials were being conducted to test this compound on a wide variety of cancer types, and ... The downstream effectors of TGF-β are the Smad receptors (also known as receptor-activated Smads). Smad2 and Smad3 are ... and activin are involved in regulating important cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and ... It appears to depend on the specific cell type, cell line and growth conditions being used as to whether EVI1 expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MECOM

It is expressed in two cell types, most notably the basophils of the anterior pituitary. The gene for the FSH beta subunit is ... FSH enhances the production of androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells of the testes by binding to FSH receptors on their ... and enhanced by activin. FSH regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the human ... Occasionally two follicles reach the 10 mm stage at the same time by chance and as both are equally sensitive to FSH both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone

"A novel spliced variant of the type 1 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor with a deletion in the seventh transmembrane ... and activin A". Steroids. 68 (10-13): 801-807. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(03)00137-5. PMID 14667971. S2CID 20953018. Vamvakopoulos ... Corticotropin-releasing hormone has been shown to interact with its receptors corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRFR1 ... "Effects of a novel corticotropin-releasing-hormone receptor type I antagonist on human adrenal function". Molecular Psychiatry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormone

March 2008). "Oral administration of GW788388, an inhibitor of TGF-beta type I and II receptor kinases, decreases renal ... Tan SM, Zhang Y, Connelly KA, Gilbert RE, Kelly DJ (May 2010). "Targeted inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase 5 signaling ... and orally active transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor inhibitor". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (7): 2210-2221 ... Lho Y, Do JY, Heo JY, Kim AY, Kim SW, Kang SH (April 2021). "Effects of TGF-β1 Receptor Inhibitor GW788388 on the Epithelial to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GW-788,388

There are two main types of purinergic receptors, P1 binding to adenosine, and P2 binding to ATP or ADP, presenting different ... Activin and Nodal ligands bind to their receptors and activate Smads that bind to DNA and promote gene transcription. Activin ... Therefore, there are four main transmembrane receptor types: G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), tyrosine kinase receptors ( ... Two main signal transduction mechanisms have been identified, via nuclear receptors, or via transmembrane receptors. In the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

Activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) is a transmembrane receptor that is involved in ligand-binding and mediates the functions ... "PSORT II Prediction". PSORTII. "CELLO:Subcellular Localization Predictive System". Molecular Bioinformatics Center. Archived ... "ACVR2A activin A receptor type 2A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". Gene. Bock, J B; Klumperman, J; Davanger, S; Scheller ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A(BMPR1A) is expressed almost exclusively in skeletal muscle and is a transcriptional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C19orf18

Lee, JH; Park, JW; Kim, SW; Park, J; Park, TS (15 December 2017). "C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a key receptor ... that are cultured for two days in the presence of FGF and Activin-A to adopt an epiblast-like state. These cells are then ... the PGCs express two CXCR4 transmembrane receptor proteins. The signaling system involving this protein and its ligand, Sdf1, ... Anatomically, gonocytes can be identified as large, euchromatic cells that often have two nucleoli in the nucleus. In the male ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germline_development

1996). "Interaction of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor with farnesyl-protein transferase-alpha". J. Biol. ... Andres DA, Milatovich A, Ozcelik T, Wenzlau JM, Brown MS, Goldstein JL, Francke U (February 1994). "cDNA cloning of the two ... 1996). "The p21(RAS) farnesyltransferase alpha subunit in TGF-beta and activin signaling". Science. 271 (5252): 1120-2. Bibcode ... "Interaction of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor with farnesyl-protein transferase-alpha". J. Biol. Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNTA

Two molecular mechanisms for synaptic plasticity involve the NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. Opening of NMDA channels (which ... Genes such as activin ß-A, which encodes a subunit of activin A, are up-regulated during early stage LTP. The activin molecule ... May 2009). "Subcellular dynamics of type II PKA in neurons". Neuron. 62 (3): 363-74. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2009.03.013. PMC ... In a dynamic process that is maintained in equilibrium, N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) and AMPA receptors are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_plasticity

TTF-1 positive cells are found in the lung as type II pneumocytes and club cells. In the thyroid, follicular and parafollicular ... NKX2.1 can be induced by activin A via SMAD2 signaling in a human embryonic stem cell differentiation model. NKX2.1 is key to ... Yan C, Naltner A, Conkright J, Ghaffari M (June 2001). "Protein-protein interaction of retinoic acid receptor alpha and thyroid ... Naltner A, Wert S, Whitsett JA, Yan C (December 2000). "Temporal/spatial expression of nuclear receptor coactivators in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NK2_homeobox_1

... anti-Müllerian hormone receptors). The best-known and most specific effect, mediated through the AMH type II receptors, ... and activin A in follicular fluid in IVF/ICSI patients for assessing the maturation and developmental potential of oocytes". ... Mutations in both the AMH gene and the type II AMH receptor have been shown to cause the persistence of Müllerian derivatives ... which phosphorylates a type I receptor under the TGF beta signaling pathway. In male mammals, AMH prevents the development of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Müllerian_hormone

April 1998). "hUBC9 associates with MEKK1 and type I TNF-alpha receptor and stimulates NFkappaB activity". FEBS Letters. 425 (3 ... Zhang Y, Qiu WJ, Chan SC, Han J, He X, Lin SC (May 2002). "Casein kinase I and casein kinase II differentially regulate axin ... September 2003). "A role for MEK kinase 1 in TGF-beta/activin-induced epithelium movement and embryonic eyelid closure". The ... TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRs), T-cell receptor (TCR), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and TGF beta receptor (TGFβR ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP3K1

2003). "Inhibin, activin, follistatin, activin receptors and beta-glycan gene expression in the placental tissue of patients ... as well as growth and differentiation of various cell types. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000175189 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... Mathews LS, Vale WW (1991). "Expression cloning of an activin receptor, a predicted transmembrane serine kinase". Cell. 65 (6 ... 2003). "Activin betaC-subunit heterodimers provide a new mechanism of regulating activin levels in the prostate". Endocrinology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INHBC

This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the type I receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta ... BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis), also known as BAMBI, is a protein which in humans is encoded ... "Entrez Gene: BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis)". Degen WG, Weterman MA, van Groningen JJ, ... 2008). "The pseudoreceptor BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor positively modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling". J. Biol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMBI

Crypto is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored co-receptor that binds nodal and the activin type I ActRIB (ALK)-4 receptor ( ... "Entrez Gene: cripto". Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (September 1996). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to ... In the Nodal signaling pathway of embryonic development, Cripto has been shown to have dual function as a co-receptor as well ... Cryptic family protein 1B acts as a receptor for the TGF beta signaling pathway. It has been associated with the translation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cripto

The cause of the disease was traced to a single mutation in the activin A receptor, type I gene. Once the cause of the disease ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Shore

August 2012). "Small molecule-mediated TGF-β type II receptor degradation promotes cardiomyogenesis in embryonic stem cells". ... A cocktail of small molecules, Y-27632, A-83-01 (a TGFβ kinase/activin receptor like kinase (ALK5) inhibitor), and CHIR99021 ( ... which effectively clears the cell surface from TGF-β receptor type II and selectively inhibits intracellular TGF-β signaling. ... SB-431542 is an inhibitor of activin/TGF- pathways by blocking phosphorylation of ALK4, ALK5 and ALK7 receptors.) These iPS- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_stem_cells

... can bind type I TGF-beta superfamily receptors ACVR1B (ALK4), TGFBR1 (ALK5) and ACVR1C (ALK7), but predominantly uses ... Rodgers, B.; Ward, C. (2022). "Myostatin/Activin Receptor Ligands In Muscle And The Development Status Of Attenuating Drugs". ... GDF11 was described as a life extension factor in two publications based on the results of parabiosis experiments in mice that ... This cytokine also inhibits the proliferation of olfactory receptor neural progenitors to regulate the number of neurons in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF11

2001). "Type III TGF-β receptor-independent signalling of TGF-β2 via TβRII-B, an alternatively spliced TGF-β type II receptor ... 2000). "Betaglycan binds inhibin and can mediate functional antagonism of activin signalling". Nature. 404 (6776): 411-4. ... Gao J, Symons AL, Bartold PM (1999). "Expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptors types II and III within various ... 1995). "The soluble exoplasmic domain of the type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor. A heterogeneously ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGFBR3

There are many possible types of hypogonadism and several ways to categorize them. Hypogonadism is also categorized by ... Clomifene blocks estrogen from binding to some estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, thereby causing an increased release of ... activin, and inhibin. Sperm development (spermatogenesis) and release of the egg from the ovaries (ovulation) may be impaired ... Clomifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Generally, clomifene does not have adverse effects at the doses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogonadism

... binding to the extracellular domain of the type II TGF-beta receptor: receptor capture on a biosensor surface using a new ... inhibins and activins. TGF-β3 is believed to regulate molecules involved in cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) ... "Type III TGF-beta receptor-independent signalling of TGF-beta2 via TbetaRII-B, an alternatively spliced TGF-beta type II ... "The soluble exoplasmic domain of the type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor. A heterogeneously glycosylated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor,_beta_3

Activin Type IIB Receptor. pfam01064. Location:41 → 110. Activin_recp; Activin types I and II receptor domain. ... Activin Type IIB Receptor. pfam01064. Location:47 → 116. Activin_recp; Activin types I and II receptor domain. ... Activin Type IIB Receptor. pfam01064. Location:48 → 138. Activin_recp; Activin types I and II receptor domain. ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/93

The BMPR1A gene provides instructions for making a protein called bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A. Learn about this gene ... activin A receptor, type II-like kinase 3. *ACVRLK3. *ALK3. *BMR1A_HUMAN ... The BMPR1A gene provides instructions for making a protein called bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A. This receptor protein ... The BMPR1A receptor protein and its ligands are involved in transmitting chemical signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/bmpr1a/

The condition is also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia [HHT]; the two terms are used interchangeably in this ... Mutations in the activin receptor-like kinase 1 gene in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2. Nat Genet. 1996 Jun. 13 ... Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: two distinct ENG deletions in one family. Clin Genet. 2010 Nov. 78 (5):484-9. [QxMD ... found on chromosome 9 and the activin receptorlike kinase type I (ALK-1) gene (ALK1) found on chromosome 12. These tests should ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2048472-94098/what-is-the-role-of-ultrasonography-and-contrast-echocardiography-in-the-diagnosis-of-osler-weber-rendu-disease-owrd-hereditary-hemorrhagic-telangiectasia-hht

activin A receptor, type II-like 1; targeted mutation 1, Deltagen. MGI ID: MGI:3604490. ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/allele/MGI:3604490

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALKS). There are several type I activin receptors ... In the absence of type III receptor, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta type II-B receptor requires the type I receptor ... "Activin Receptors, Type I" by people in this website by year, and whether "Activin Receptors, Type I" was a major or minor ... "Activin Receptors, Type I" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/124862

Crystal structure of Activin receptor type II kinase domain from human. 2rio. Structure of the dual enzyme Ire1 reveals the ... TGF-beta Receptor type 1 in complex with SB431542. 3uim. Structural basis for the impact of phosphorylation on plant receptor- ... Crystal structure of Activin receptor type-IIA (ACVR2A) kinase domain in complex with a beta-carboline inhibitor. ... Crystal structure of Activin receptor type-IIA (ACVR2A) kinase domain in complex with a quinazolin. ...

http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=STYKc&BLAST=DUMMY

Activin Receptor Type 1 (Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or TGF B Superfamily ... Receptor Type I or ALK2 or ACVR1 or EC 2.7.11.30) - Pipeline Review, H1 2018 * Drug Pipelines ...

https://www.researchandmarkets.com/companies/biocryst-pharmaceuticals-inc?p=5

activin A receptor type 2-like kinase. Search COPE: BNIP similar. see: BNIPS. ...

http://www.copewithcytokines.org/cope.cgi?key=BNIP%20similar

... and let-7b may target the Activin receptor I and Smad 2/3 genes in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. The expression level of 5 ... Further analysis showed that miR-143 was predicted to bind to the target sequences of Frizzled-6 and -3 receptor genes in the ... Here, we performed a comprehensive search for hircine miRNAs using two small RNA sequencing libraries prepared from the ovaries ... C, D) Activin receptor I (AR type I) and Smad 2/3 were predicted as potential targets of let-7b. ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-14-157

... have the capacity to differentiate into any cell type, including insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells, highlighting its ... ACTIVIN, NODAL and TGFβs (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3). TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor (a serine/threonine ... In mammals there are seven known type I receptors and five type II receptors. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor- ... activin receptor-like kinase 3, also known as ACVRLK3 or BMPR1A (BMP receptor, type 1A)), and ALK6 (activin receptor-like ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/2/256

A novel mutation in the activin A type 1 receptor gene was described in one patient. [10] Analysis showed that the patient was ... Two unique mutations in the ACVR1 gene have also been identified in 2 fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva patients from the ... which encodes a type I BMP transmembrane receptor. A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and ... An Activin Receptor IA/Activin-Like Kinase-2 (R206H) Mutation in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Case Rep Genet. 2013. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1112501-overview

Mesalazine reduces mutations in transforming growth factor β receptor II and activin type II receptor by improvement of ... associated with the presence of two (or perhaps more) suitably spaced aromatic rings and indicates the significance of two ... These data identify two compounds that are active against colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. They also identify a ... The cells were suspended in 100 μl citrate buffer and 450 μl of solution A [10 mg trypsin type IX-S in 500 ml stock solution (2 ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/or.2014.3373

A new study confirms that treatment with Bimagrumab, an antibody that blocks activin type II receptors and stimulates skeletal ... The GIP receptor in the central nervous system plays a crucial role in the regulation of body weight and food intake. This is ... Type 2 Diabetes: New Evidence Underlines the Role of Obesity in Late Complications. Successful weight loss is considered to be ... Patients with type 2 diabetes who follow a strict low carbohydrate diet for six months may experience greater rates of ...

https://www.brightsurf.com/search/recent/Weight+Loss/news/1/result.html

Activin B, like certain other members of the TGF-β family, signals through the ActRII receptor (Activin Receptor type II). ... Recombinant Human Activin-B. Description :. Activin-B is a TGF-beta family member that exhibits a wide range of biological ... Human Activin B is a 26.0 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two βB chains, each containing 115 amino acid residues. ... Activin-B Human. Usage: For research Purposes Only - Made using a cell BTI-Tn-5B1-4 under license from the Boyce Thompson ...

https://www.sbhsciences.com/Activin-B.asp

... type I receptors activin receptor‐like kinase‐2 and ‐3, which are both expressed by HSC. In summary, these data indicate ... We compared five Malaise trap types (three variations of the Townes and two variations of the Bartak Malaise trap) to determine ... We find that biomass, total richness, and taxa group specific richness are all sensitive to Malaise trap type. Trap type should ... In this way successive photoexcitation at two different wavelengths enabled a controlled photoswitching between the two ...

https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-fau/solrsearch/index/search/searchtype/collection/id/16241

Activin Receptor Type IA+Activin (1). * BMP4+VEGF Receptor 2+VEGF Receptor 1+TGF beta Receptor I+AMPK alpha 1+AMPK alpha 2+ ... By product type. Primary antibodies. Secondary antibodies. ELISA and Matched Antibody Pair Kits. Cell and tissue imaging tools ... By product type. Proteomics tools. Agonists, activators, antagonists and inhibitors. Cell lines and Lysates. Multiplex miRNA ... BMP4+VEGF Receptor 2+TGF beta Receptor I+BMPR1A+BMPR1B+BMPR2+ALK-1+ ...

https://www.abcam.com/products?selected.researchAreas=Developmental+Biology--Organogenesis--Excretory+system+development

... the Activin type I receptor. We found that overexpression of stromal-derived Activin A inhibited invasion of esophageal ... The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Activin A signaling in ESCC. To investigate the role Activin A plays ... in the context of fibroblast-secreted Activin A, to identify the effects of Activin A on cell invasion and determine protein ... In recent years, the ligand Activin A has been implicated as a player in the progression of a number of cancers. ...

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2920-y

Activin Receptors, Type II - Preferred Concept UI. M0292107. Scope note. One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are ... Activin Receptor Like Kinases, Type II. Activin Receptors Type II. Tree number(s):. D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.062.750. ... Activin Receptors, Type II Entry term(s). Activin Receptor Like Kinases, Type II Activin Receptors Type II ... Receptors, Growth Factor (1994-2001). Public MeSH Note:. 2002; ACTIVIN RECEPTOR TYPE II was indexed under RECEPTORS, GROWTH ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=36118

Activin Receptors, Type II --metabolism. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Adolescent. en_US. ... dc.type. Journal Article. en_US. dc.description.affiliation. Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai.. ... Clinical impression was non Hodgkins lymphoma in 4 cases, sarcoma in 6 (osteosarcoma-2, Ewings/primitive neuroectodermal ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/73511?mode=full

Activin Receptors, Type II. *Iron Chelating Agents. *Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments. *Chemokine CXCL11 ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/181836/network/researchareas/categories

... β to activin A receptor type II like 1 or TGF-β receptor I (Aspalter et al., 2015; Kofler and Simons, 2016), suggesting a ... between two adjacent cells or even two different cell types. In the trans situation, physical hindrance would prevent ... which bind to and signal through two tyrosine kinase receptors, PDGF receptor (PDGFR)α and PDGFRβ (Fredriksson et al., 2004; ... The upper body was cut into 1 mm3 pieces and embedded between two layers of rat-tail collagen type I (Thermo Fischer Scientific ...

https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/130/8/1365/56728/Neuropilin-1-binds-PDGF-D-and-is-a-co-receptor-in

activin receptor type II-A 100% * ActRIIA-mIgG2aFc fusion protein 75% * Vascular Diseases 51% ... Ligand trap for the activin type IIA receptor protects against vascular disease and renal fibrosis in mice with chronic kidney ... Ligand trap of the activin receptor type IIA inhibits osteoclast stimulation of bone remodeling in diabetic mice with chronic ... Macrophage angiotensin II type 2 receptor triggers neuropathic pain. Shepherd, A. J., Mickle, A. D., Golden, J. P., Mack, M. R. ...

https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/organisations/division-of-nephrology-hypertension-pheresis/publications/?ordering=title&descending=true&page=7

Effect of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of follistatin and extracellular domain of activin receptor type II on ... a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor type 1 (S1PR1) modulator, suppresses obesity-related breast cancer progression in two animal ... Lebrun JJ, Takabe K, Chen Y, Vale W. (1999) Roles of pathway-specific and inhibitory Smads in activin receptor signaling. Mol ... Lebrun JJ., Takabe K, Chen Y., Vale W. (1998) Ligand-dependent Association of Smad2 and Smad3 with the Activin Receptor Complex ...

https://medicine.buffalo.edu/faculty/profile.html?ubit=kazuakit

We assessed whether a single serum measurement of the two physiological antagonists at 6–8 weeks gestation could ... In EP, activin A did not correlate with beta HCG levels. The present findings support the thesis that activin A or FS could be ... activin A had 87.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity and negative predictive value of 0.974 for discriminating an ... but the value of a combined activin A and follistatin (FS) measurement in serum to predict pregnancy failure has not been ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/dm/2013/969473/

Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of which contain a ... N2 - Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of which ... AB - Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of which ... abstract = "Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of ...

https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-role-of-activin-type-i-receptors-in-activin-a-induced-growth-

An antibody blocking activin type II receptors induces strong skeletal muscle hypertrophy and protects from atrophy. Molecular ... Drozitumab, a human antibody to death receptor 5, has potent antitumor activity against rhabdomyosarcoma with the expression of ... Blockade of Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 2016;37(5) ...

https://www.cookmyosite.com/publications-product-service

Activin Receptor Type-1. Chain: A. Fragment: Kinase Domain, Residues 172-499. Synonym: Activin Receptor Type I, Actr-I, Activin ... Serinethreonine-Protein Kinase Receptor R1, S B Superfamily Receptor Type I, Tsr-I, Acvr1a;. Ec: 2.7.10.2, 2.7.11.30. ... Expression_system_vector_type: Plasmid. Expression_system_plasmid: Pnic28-Bsa4. symmetry Space Group: P 41 3 2. R_factor 0.177 ... Expression_system_vector_type: Baculovirus. Expression_system_plasmid: Pfb-Lic-Bse. Molecule: Peptidyl-Prolyl Cis-Trans ...

http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4C02

... patients with heritable PAH associated with the activin A receptor type II-like kinase-1 (ACVRL1, also known as ALK1) from the ... Patients with heritable PAH associated with the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) mutation included in the ... After a median follow-up period of 18.5 months (range 1-36 months), all patients were alive and in NYHA/WHO FC I or II. ... Unfortunately, AMBITION will only enrol patients in NYHA/WHO FC II and III and so the data derived will not directly support ...

https://err.ersjournals.com/content/20/122/254

activin receptor type II-B 13% * Tryptophan 13% * Vitamin E 13% * Drive 13% ...

https://pure.prinsesmaximacentrum.nl/en/persons/wilbert-vermeij-2/fingerprints/

activin A receptor, type IC 5 ACVRL1 12q13.13 activin A receptor type II-like 1 ... activin A receptor, type I 4 ACVR1C 2q24.1 ... bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA 18 BMPR1B 4q22.3 ... 2 ACER2 9p22.1 N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 3-like 3 ACVR1 2q24.1 ... 1-20 genes displayed of 25 found Page : 1/2 Select page 1 2 ... bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB 19 CDK10 16q24.3 ...

http://genatlas.medecine.univ-paris5.fr/gensearch.php?type=0&SYMBOL=ALK

At specific centers and laboratories, genetic tests are available for various mutations in the endoglin gene ( ENG ) found on chromosome 9 and the activin receptorlike kinase type I (ALK-1) gene ( ALK1 ) found on chromosome 12. (medscape.com)
Of these, the H series protein kinase inhibitors (1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H8) N-[2-(p-Bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H89)) are frequently used to block signaling pathways in studies of cellular regulation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Structure of the FGF receptor tyrosine kinase domain reveals a novel autoinhibitory mechanism. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The crystal structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1K) has been determined in its unliganded form to 2.0 angstroms resolution and in complex with with an ATP analog to 2.3 angstrosms A resolution. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Several features distinguish the structure of FGFR1K from that of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Finally, the structure provides a basis for rationalizing the effects of kinase mutations in FGF receptors that lead to developmental disorders in nematodes and humans. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of which contain a serine/threonine kinase domain. (elsevier.com)
Over-expression of ActRI suppressed activin A-induced cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase caused by inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation through induction of p21(CIP1/WAF1), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and subsequent apoptosis. (elsevier.com)
Activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2) is a type I cell surface receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). (bvsalud.org)
1993). Each possesses a conserved Src-homology 2 (SH2), SH3, and kinase website, while the NH2-terminal 50C70 amino acids (the unique website) are unique to each individual member. (himafund.org)
In mammals, they bind to the GDNF family receptor α (Gfrα) and signal through the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase. (sdbonline.org)
A 83-01 is a potent inhibitor of TGF- β type I receptor ALK5 kinase, type I activin/nodal receptor ALK4 and type I nodal receptor ALK7 (IC 50 values are 12, 45 and 7.5 nM respectively). (tocris.com)
Garrido-Martín EM, Blanco FJ , Roquè M, Novensà L, Tarocchi M, Lang UE, Suzuki T, Friedman SL, Botella LM, Bernabéu C. Vascular injury triggers Krüppel-like factor 6 mobilization and cooperation with specificity protein 1 to promote endothelial activation through upregulation of the activin receptor-like kinase 1 gene. (ugr.es)
i.e., activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor] and TGF-Beta/Smad signaling pathway in CNT-induced collagen production in human lung fibroblasts. (cdc.gov)
Mutation analysis of 'Endoglin' and 'Activin receptor-like kinase' genes in German patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and the value of rapid genotyping using an allele-specific PCR-technique. (cdc.gov)
One observation that's particularly illustrative may be the altered amount of transcription of over 900 genes (2-fold transformation in appearance), following deletion of (a PPIP5K homologue) in person in the inositol phosphate kinase signaling family members. (immune-source.com)

The genetic cause of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lies within the ACVR1 gene, which encodes a type I BMP transmembrane receptor. (medscape.com)
A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. (medscape.com)
FOP patients carry a conserved mutation in ACVR1 that becomes neomorphic for activin A responses. (bvsalud.org)

Further analysis showed that miR-143 was predicted to bind to the target sequences of Frizzled-6 and -3 receptor genes in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and let-7b may target the Activin receptor I and Smad 2/3 genes in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Two genes for DBQD (CANT1 encoding calcium-activated nucleotidase-1 and XYLT1 encoding xylosyltransferase-1) have been reported. (bvsalud.org)
We show that p53 functionally and physically interacts with the activin and bone morphogenetic protein pathways to directly induce the expression of the homeobox genes Xhox3 and Mix.1/2 . (silverchair.com)
Within the common gene set the top 20 upregulated or downregulated candidate genes in SASP-treated BCP-1 BC-1 and BCBL-1 cell-lines are listed in Table ?Table11 and Table ?Table2 2 respectively including gene description and the altered level of transcription in these cell-lines. (biotech2012.org)
Interestingly we found that the functional role of most genes in PEL pathogenesis have never been reported although some of them have been implicated in other types of malignancies. (biotech2012.org)

These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. (nih.gov)
Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. (nih.gov)
This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type II receptor. (nih.gov)
In recent years, the ligand Activin A has been implicated as a player in the progression of a number of cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Predicated on series homology, ligand framework or receptor function, GPCRs are categorized into several hundred subfamilies. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

The BMPR1A gene provides instructions for making a protein called bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A. (medlineplus.gov)
This receptor protein has a specific site into which certain other proteins, called ligands, fit like keys into locks. (medlineplus.gov)
The BMPR1A receptor protein and its ligands are involved in transmitting chemical signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
There are two main subdivisions within the superfamily: the protein-serine/threonine kinases and the protein-tyrosine kinases. (embl-heidelberg.de)
We utilized three-dimensional organotypic reconstruct cultures of dysplastic and esophageal squamous tumor cells lines, in the context of fibroblast-secreted Activin A, to identify the effects of Activin A on cell invasion and determine protein expression and localization in epithelial and stromal compartments by immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
FS is a regulatory protein which exerts its pleiotropic effects via neutralization of activins. (hindawi.com)
ALK-1 is a type I receptor that mediates signaling of BMP9 (bone morphogenetic protein) and BMP10, proteins in the TGF-β superfamily. (medchemexpress.cn)
On this evaluation, a two-step purification scheme based mostly completely on flooring histidines and the charge on the NoV GII.Four stress P protein was developed. (redwoodbioscience.com)
Smad proteins mediate the cellular effects of the TGF-β protein family, with BMPs and GDFs acting through Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8, whereas other members of the TGF-β family act through Smad2 and Smad3 [ 2 ]. (cdc.gov)
We further validate 2 downstream candidates (oxidative stress-induced growth inhibitor 1) and (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5) and evaluate their functional relationship with PEL cell survival/proliferation and chemoresistance respectively. (biotech2012.org)
The top 2 scored pathway maps and protein networks Edivoxetine HCl based on the enrichment analysis of "common" gene set were listed in Figures ?Figures33 and S1 respectively. (biotech2012.org)
Introduction G-protein combined receptors (GPCRs), known as seven-transmembrane (7TM) site receptors also, although diverse functionally, constitute the biggest integral membrane proteins family members in the human being genome [1]C[3]. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Two extra human being FPRs, AZD-3965 IC50 specified FPR2 (www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":"text":"P25090″,"term_id":"399504″,"term_text":"P25090″P25090) and FPR3 (www.uniprot.org/uniprot/"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":"text":"P25089″,"term_id":"38258904″,"term_text":"P25089″P25089), had been subsequently cloned by low-stringency hybridization using the FPR1 AZD-3965 IC50 cDNA like a probe. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. (nih.gov)
Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. (nih.gov)
One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). (umassmed.edu)
Residues in the activation loop of FGFR1K appear to interfere with substrate peptide binding but not with ATP binding, revealing a second and perhaps more general autoinhibitory mechanism for receptor tyrosine kinases. (embl-heidelberg.de)

A) of the NOG gene and was transmitted by the affected mother to her 2 affected children. (medscape.com)
A novel mutation in the activin A type 1 receptor gene was described in one patient. (medscape.com)
We propose a novel gene for neonatal short limb dysplasia resembling DBQD, based on the phenotype and genotype of two affected siblings. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, mutations of the ALK-1 gene have been linked to the type II hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia [1] . (medchemexpress.cn)
This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II receptors. (utsouthwestern.edu)

Los principales receptores de activina de tipo II son ActR-IIA y ActR-IIB. (bvsalud.org)
The major type II activin receptors are ActR-IIA and ActR-IIB. (bvsalud.org)

Activin B, like certain other members of the TGF-β family, signals through the ActRII receptor (Activin Receptor type II). (sbhsciences.com)

Blockade of Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength. (cookmyosite.com)
Activin Type II Receptor Blockade for Treatment of Muscle Depletion in COPD: A Randomized Trial. (onewelbeck.com)
The efficacy and safety findings "suggest that blockade of the activin receptor with bimagrumab could provide a novel pharmacologic approach for managing patients with type 2 diabetes with excess adiposity," Steven B. Heymsfield, MD, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, and colleagues report in their study published online January 13 in JAMA Network Open . (medscape.com)
Blockade of VEGF function via soluble decoy receptors suppressed tumor development, inhibited tumor angiogenesis, and blocked tumor cell proliferation. (perkinelmer.com)

Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. (nih.gov)
ALK-1, also known as ACVRL1, is a type I receptor for TGF-β superfamily with 2 ligands, BMP9 and BMP10. (medchemexpress.cn)

and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. (nih.gov)
These results suggest that Ret and Gfrl did not function as an in cis receptor-coreceptor pair before the emergence of GDNF family ligands, and that the Ncam-Gfr interaction predated the in cis Ret-Gfr interaction in evolution. (sdbonline.org)
These receptors are essential in human beings physiologically, taking part in the rules of all of our physiological activities such as for example neurotransmission, enzyme launch, inflammation or chemotaxis, aswell as our feeling of vision, taste and smell, by sensing endogenous or environmental stimuli through binding suitable ligands and AZD-3965 IC50 transducing related sign into cells typically through combined heterotrimeric G proteins. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

Human mutation 2002 Feb 19 (2): 140-8. (cdc.gov)

In this study, we established stable transfectants expressing two types of activin receptors, ActRI and ActRIB, to clarify the role of these receptors in activin signalling for growth inhibition in HS-72 mouse B-cell hybridoma cells. (elsevier.com)
Inhibition of PI3Kα also impairs skeletogenic responsiveness to BMPs and the acquired response to activin A of the Acvr1R206H allele. (bvsalud.org)
Importantly, most myostatin inhibitors also repress the activities of other closely related TGF-β family members including GDF11, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), increasing the potential for unwanted side effects, such as vascular side effects through inhibition of BMP 9/10 and bone weakness induced by follistatin through antagonizing several TGF-β family members. (e-jbm.org)

A study by deKruijf and colleagues [ 8 ] showed that high levels of TGF-β receptor expression in conjunction with Smad expression conferred an unfavorable prognosis after breast cancer diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
One study has shown that BMP-Smad activation is involved in the progression of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers specifically [ 13 ]. (cdc.gov)

Inhibins and activins are growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor-β) family and are known to influence cell proliferation and differentiation. (elsevier.com)
These studies are focusing on both extragonadal regulators such as luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone and intragonadal regulators such as the inhibins, activins, bone morphogenetic proteins, and growth/differentiation factor 9 (GDF9). (bcm.edu)

Endothelial tube formation was disrupted in the presence of conditioned media from fibroblasts overexpressing Activin A. Interestingly, ACVRIB-negative TE-11 cells did not show the prior observed effects in the context of Activin A overexpression, indicating a dependence on the presence of ACVRIB. (biomedcentral.com)

To demonstrate a possible secretion of the proteins, dimeric inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A were measured in culture medium of normal epithelial or stromal endometrial cells and in uterine washing fluid of healthy women or patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. (elsevier.com)

Activin A and Acvr2b mRNA from Umbilical Cord Blood Are Not Reliable Markers of Mild or Moderate Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. (nih.gov)
Treatment of these mice with an Activin receptor type-2B (AcvR2B) pathway blocker reverses muscle fiber atrophy as expected, but also restores regenerative potential of the remaining satellite cells. (pasteur.fr)

At a threshold value of 505 pg/mL, activin A had 87.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity and negative predictive value of 0.974 for discriminating an ectopic pregnancy from viable pregnancies. (hindawi.com)

Alternative Splicing in Endothelial Senescence: Role of the TGF-ß Co-Receptor Endoglin, Senescence (chap. 20), Dr. Tetsuji Nagata (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0144-4, InTech. (ugr.es)

Activin A as a predictor of pregnancy failure has been the focus of heated debate, but the value of a combined activin A and follistatin (FS) measurement in serum to predict pregnancy failure has not been reported yet. (hindawi.com)
We assessed whether a single serum measurement of the two physiological antagonists at 6-8 weeks gestation could differentiate ectopic pregnancies (EP) or missed abortions (MA) from healthy intrauterine pregnancies (IUP). (hindawi.com)
In search of markers which can predict the outcome of a pregnancy, several serum factors have been extensively studied [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Amongst activins, the role of serum activin A as a predictor of pregnancy failure has been the focus of heated debate amongst researchers suggesting that measurements of activin A can identify pregnant women at risk of developing missed abortion (MA) or EP, while others have failed to report such an association [ 2 , 7 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
We considered that the study of serum FS and activin A and their relation with beta HCG levels in women with EP and MA is of interest, due to findings in support of activin A as a prognostic indicator of failed pregnancy, and provides indirect evidence that FS may also have a similar role by the virtue of their close interlink [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
These data support the notion that increasing maternal serum activin A and FS levels are associated with healthy pregnancies, and they could be altered in a status of failed pregnancy (MA or EP). (hindawi.com)
A secretion of activin A from tumoral cells into systemic circulation is suggested by the observation that the high levels in serum of patients with endometrial or cervical carcinoma decreased after the surgical removal of the tumor. (elsevier.com)
Moreover, high serum levels and high levels of expression of TGF-β and its receptors have been linked to breast cancer prognosis [ 9 ] and presence of phosphorylated-Smad2 has been associated with positive node status [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)

As a result, various myostatin-targeting strategies involving antibodies, myostatin propeptides, soluble receptors, and endogenous antagonists have been generated, and many of them have progressed to clinical trials. (e-jbm.org)
and (2) the TGFβs, activins, and myostatin. (cdc.gov)

People of GPCR family members talk about a common topological framework on mobile membrane which has 7 transmembrane helices with an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus linked by three intracellular loops and three extracellular loops [1], [2]. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

An antibody blocking activin type II receptors induces strong skeletal muscle hypertrophy and protects from atrophy. (cookmyosite.com)

Human Activin B is a 26.0 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two βB chains, each containing 115 amino acid residues. (sbhsciences.com)

In a phase 2 randomized clinical trial of adults with type 2 diabetes and obesity, investigational drug bimagrumab (BYM338, Novartis) - a monoclonal antibody that blocks activin type II receptors and stimulates skeletal muscle growth - led to big reductions in total body fat mass and A1c and significant increases in lean mass compared with placebo. (medscape.com)

In contrast, HS-72 clones that over-expressed ActRIB significantly facilitated activin A-induced apoptosis. (elsevier.com)

Here, we compared the growth inhibitory and mechanistic activity of aspirin to two novel analogues, diaspirin (DiA) and fumaryl diaspirin (F-DiA). We found that the aspirin analogues inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells at significantly lower doses than aspirin. (spandidos-publications.com)

Di Simone N, Schneyer AL, Caliandro D, Castellani R, Caruso A. Regulation of endometrial adenocarcinoma cell proliferation by Activin-A and its modulation by 17beta-estradiol. (umassmed.edu)

Drozitumab, a human antibody to death receptor 5, has potent antitumor activity against rhabdomyosarcoma with the expression of caspase-8 predictive of response. (cookmyosite.com)

Impact of genotype and mutation type on health-related quality of life in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. (cdc.gov)

In the absence of type III receptor, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta type II-B receptor requires the type I receptor to bind TGF-beta2. (umassmed.edu)
Because transforming growth factor-β is involved in physiological and tumoral changes of uterine tissues, the present study aimed to evaluate whether human normal and neoplastic endometrial and cervical epithelial cells express and secrete inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A. To test this hypothesis, different approaches were used. (elsevier.com)

Expression and secretion of inhibin and activin in normal and neoplastic uterine tissues. (elsevier.com)
Cultured endometrial stromal or epithelial cells and epithelial cervical cells expressed inhibin α, activin βA and βB, and activin receptor type II and type IIB mRNAs. (elsevier.com)
Dimeric inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A were measured in culture medium of both endometrial and cervical cells. (elsevier.com)
The present study, for the first time, showed that inhibin A, inhibin B, and activin A, as well as activin receptors, are expressed in normal and neoplastic human uterine tissues. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Expression and secretion of inhibin and activin in normal and neoplastic uterine tissues. (elsevier.com)

Show the 2 phenotype image(s) involving this allele. (jax.org)

Analysis of ESCC patient samples indicated that patients with high stromal Activin A expression had low epithelial ACVRIB, the Activin type I receptor. (biomedcentral.com)

Using a syngeneic colorectal tumour model in mice, we found that, while both agents significantly inhibited tumour growth in vivo, this effect was particularly pronounced for F-DiA. These data identify two compounds that are active against colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, NCX-4040 (an NO releasing aspirin, 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 4-[(nitrooxy)methyl]phenyl ester) can also suppress microsatellite instability ( 19 ) and sensitise human colon cancer cells, cultured in vitro and transplanted in vivo in mice, to oxaliplatin ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the same study, placental chorionic villous explants were cultured in vitro, and activin A stimulated the outgrowth of cytotrophoblasts into the surrounding matrix, but FS reversed that effect. (hindawi.com)
We asked whether this high degree of in vitro activity would translate into an in vivo therapeutic effect in two potentially lethal mouse models of infected wounds. (perkinelmer.com)

Tables11 and ?and2)2) for validation of their transcriptional change by qRT-PCR. (biotech2012.org)

The study, which has now been published in 'Cell Metabolism', identifies new targets for the development of a drug treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes. (brightsurf.com)

To identify the functional consequences of stromal-derived Activin A on angiogenesis, we performed endothelial tube formation assays. (biomedcentral.com)
ALK-1 is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and plays a critical role in regulating developmental and pathological angiogenesis [1] [2] . (medchemexpress.cn)

Activin-B is a TGF-beta family member that exhibits a wide range of biological activities including regulation of embryogenesis, osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, reproductive physiology and hormone secretion from the hypothalamic, pituitary and gonadal glands. (sbhsciences.com)

Moreover, the reduction of abdominal visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference with bimagrumab "was nearly twice that observed in a recently published study of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with an intensive lifestyle program and the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonist liraglutide," they note. (medscape.com)
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) comprise a functionally specific GPCR subfamily involved with leukocyte chemotaxis and activation. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

In addition, a dimeric form of FGFR1K observed in the crystal structure may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which FGF receptors are activated. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Functionally, the loss of ALK-1 resulted in impaired capture of L. monocytogenes and overwhelming disseminated infections [2] . (medchemexpress.cn)

We describe the first observation of an inhibitory role for Activin A in ESCC progression that is dependent on the expression of ACVRIB. (biomedcentral.com)

Although significant challenges remain, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into any cell type, including insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells, highlighting its potential as a treatment option for DM. (mdpi.com)
We tested the hypothesis that injection of a purified form of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) that selectively digests type I and type III collagens would alter ECM stiffness, Hippo signaling, and selectively reduce fibroid cell growth. (duke.edu)
1997), a localization that is consistent with 7-Methoxyisoflavone the importance of Lck in the early signaling events through the T cell receptor (TcR) (Weiss and Littman, 1994). (himafund.org)
Out of the 313 unique human cytokines evaluated, 11 were found to expand cell numbers ≥2-fold in a 7-day culture. (haematologica.org)
Table2)2) is closely associated with breast cancer cell proliferation [22]. (biotech2012.org)
Furthermore, human being FPR expression continues to be observed in several distinct cells and cell types ([6]C[7] and sources therein), indicating a much broad distribution of the receptors and their significant role in vivo physiologically. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

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Wilbert Vermeij - Fingerprint
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The role of activin type I receptors in activin A-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in mouse B-cell hybridoma cells<... (tohoku.pure.elsevier.com)

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Lack of regulation in the heart forming region of avian embryos. (1/298)

Identification of two amino acids in activin A that are important for biological activity and binding to the activin type II receptors. (2/298)

Control of digit formation by activin signalling. (3/298)

Impaired differentiation of endocrine and exocrine cells of the pancreas in transgenic mouse expressing the truncated type II activin receptor. (4/298)

The type II activin receptors are essential for egg cylinder growth, gastrulation, and rostral head development in mice. (5/298)

Activin stimulation of zebrafish oocyte maturation in vitro and its potential role in mediating gonadotropin-induced oocyte maturation. (6/298)

Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation. (7/298)

Mouse Lefty2 and zebrafish antivin are feedback inhibitors of nodal signaling during vertebrate gastrulation. (8/298)

Activin Receptors, Type II

Activin Receptors

Activins

Activin Receptors, Type I

Myostatin

Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta

Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II

Inhibins

Inhibin-beta Subunits

Follistatin

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II

Receptors, Growth Factor

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Smad2 Protein

Signal Transduction

Smad Proteins

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Receptors, Interleukin-1

Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II

RNA, Messenger

MedlinePlus

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2

Hypertension, Pulmonary

Lack of regulation in the heart forming region of avian embryos. (1/298)

Identification of two amino acids in activin A that are important for biological activity and binding to the activin type II receptors. (2/298)

Control of digit formation by activin signalling. (3/298)

Impaired differentiation of endocrine and exocrine cells of the pancreas in transgenic mouse expressing the truncated type II activin receptor. (4/298)

The type II activin receptors are essential for egg cylinder growth, gastrulation, and rostral head development in mice. (5/298)

Activin stimulation of zebrafish oocyte maturation in vitro and its potential role in mediating gonadotropin-induced oocyte maturation. (6/298)

Characterization of bone morphogenetic protein-6 signaling pathways in osteoblast differentiation. (7/298)

Mouse Lefty2 and zebrafish antivin are feedback inhibitors of nodal signaling during vertebrate gastrulation. (8/298)

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Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia | Article about Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia by The Free Dictionary

Polymorphisms of the Fc gamma receptor type IIB gene are not associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Swedish...

Recommendations of HHT | Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia & Subarachnoid Hemorrhage & Vein Disorder: Causes & Reasons - Symptoma

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Precision Panel - Italy

RAP-011, an activin receptor ligand trap, increases hemoglobin concentration in hepcidin transgenic mice<...