Activin receptors type i. Medical search

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. The major type II activin receptors are ActR-IIA and ActR-IIB.

Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). Activin receptors also bind TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity.

Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). There are several type I activin receptors. The major active ones are ALK-2 (ActR-IA) and ALK-4 (ActR-IB).

A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.

Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively

They are glycopeptides and subunits in INHIBINS and ACTIVINS. Inhibins and activins belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily.

A broadly distributed protein that binds directly to ACTIVINS. It functions as an activin antagonist, inhibits FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion, regulates CELL DIFFERENTIATION, and plays an important role in embryogenesis. Follistatin is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain of approximately 37-kDa and is not a member of the inhibin family (INHIBINS). Follistatin also binds and neutralizes many members of the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA family.

An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that is involved in signaling cellular responses to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The binding of this receptor to its ligand causes its favorable interaction with INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ACCESSORY PROTEIN and the formation of an activated receptor complex.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. It regulates TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and ACTIVIN signaling.

Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-1. Included under this heading are signaling receptors, non-signaling receptors and accessory proteins required for receptor signaling. Signaling from interleukin-1 receptors occurs via interaction with SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype that has specificity for TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA and LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA. It is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is a key mediator of tumor necrosis factor signaling in the vast majority of cells. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

An interleukin-1 receptor subtype that competes with the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I for binding to INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The interleukin-1 type II receptor appears to lack signal transduction capability. Therefore it may act as a "decoy" receptor that modulates the activity of its ligands. Both membrane-bound and soluble forms of the receptor have been identified.

The founding member of the nodal signaling ligand family of proteins. Nodal protein was originally discovered in the region of the mouse embryo primitive streak referred to as HENSEN'S NODE. It is expressed asymmetrically on the left side in chordates and plays a critical role in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during vertebrate development.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

A protein that takes part in the formation of active interleukin-1 receptor complex. It binds specifically to INTERLEUKIN-1 and the INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR TYPE I at the cell surface to form a heterotrimeric complex that brings its cytoplasmic domain into contact with the cytoplasm domain of the TYPE-I INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR. Activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways from the receptor is believed to be driven by this form of cytoplasmic interaction.

A family of proteins that are involved in the translocation of signals from TGF-BETA RECEPTORS; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS; and other surface receptors to the CELL NUCLEUS. They were originally identified as a class of proteins that are related to the mothers against decapentaplegic protein, Drosophila and sma proteins from CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Cell surface receptors that bind TUMOR NECROSIS FACTORS and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells.

A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of INFLAMMATION and FEVER. Several isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA.

Carnivores of genus Mustela of the family MUSTELIDAE. The European mink, which has white upper and lower lips, was widely trapped for commercial purposes and is classified as endangered. The American mink, lacking a white upper lip, is farmed commercially.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A family of BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-related proteins that are primarily involved in regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are constitutively active PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that can interact with and phosphorylate TYPE I BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. Activated Smad3 can bind directly to DNA, and it regulates TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and ACTIVIN signaling.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. The complex then translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES.

Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.

Interferon secreted by leukocytes, fibroblasts, or lymphoblasts in response to viruses or interferon inducers other than mitogens, antigens, or allo-antigens. They include alpha- and beta-interferons (INTERFERON-ALPHA and INTERFERON-BETA).

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A family of scavenger receptors that are predominately localized to CAVEOLAE of the PLASMA MEMBRANE and bind HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).

Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.

A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.

A large group of structurally diverse cell surface receptors that mediate endocytic uptake of modified LIPOPROTEINS. Scavenger receptors are expressed by MYELOID CELLS and some ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, and were originally characterized based on their ability to bind acetylated LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. They can also bind a variety of other polyanionic ligand. Certain scavenger receptors can internalize micro-organisms as well as apoptotic cells.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).

Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.

Crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of the type I TGF beta receptor in complex with FKBP12. (1/587)

Activation of the type I TGFbeta receptor (TbetaR-I) requires phosphorylation of a regulatory segment known as the GS region, located upstream of the serine/threonine kinase domain in the cytoplasmic portion of the receptor. The crystal structure of a fragment of unphosphorylated TbetaR-I, containing both the GS region and the catalytic domain, has been determined in complex with the FK506-binding protein FKBP12. TbetaR-I adopts an inactive conformation that is maintained by the unphosphorylated GS region. FKBP12 binds to the GS region of the receptor, capping the TbetaR-II phosphorylation sites and further stabilizing the inactive conformation of TbetaR-I. Certain structural features at the catalytic center of TbetaR-I are characteristic of tyrosine kinases rather than Ser/Thr kinases. (+info)

Transforming growth factor-beta induces formation of a dithiothreitol-resistant type I/Type II receptor complex in live cells. (2/587)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) binds to and signals via two serine-threonine kinase receptors, the type I (TbetaRI) and type II (TbetaRII) receptors. We have used different and complementary techniques to study the physical nature and ligand dependence of the complex formed by TbetaRI and TbetaRII. Velocity centrifugation of endogenous receptors suggests that ligand-bound TbetaRI and TbetaRII form a heteromeric complex that is most likely a heterotetramer. Antibody-mediated immunofluorescence co-patching of epitope-tagged receptors provides the first evidence in live cells that TbetaRI. TbetaRII complex formation occurs at a low but measurable degree in the absence of ligand, increasing significantly after TGF-beta binding. In addition, we demonstrate that pretreatment of cells with dithiothreitol, which inhibits the binding of TGF-beta to TbetaRI, does not prevent formation of the TbetaRI.TbetaRII complex, but increases its sensitivity to detergent and prevents TGF-beta-activated TbetaRI from phosphorylating Smad3 in vitro. This indicates that either a specific conformation of the TbetaRI. TbetaRII complex, disrupted by dithiothreitol, or direct binding of TGF-beta to TbetaRI is required for signaling. (+info)

Interaction of 5-lipoxygenase with cellular proteins. (3/587)

5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) plays a pivotal role in cellular leukotriene synthesis. To identify proteins interacting with human 5LO, we used a two-hybrid approach to screen a human lung cDNA library. From a total of 1.5 x 10(7) yeast transformants, nine independent clones representing three different proteins were isolated and found to specifically interact with 5LO. Four 1.7- to 1.8-kb clones represented a 16-kDa protein named coactosin-like protein for its significant homology with coactosin, a protein found to be associated with actin in Dictyostelium discoideum. Coactosin-like protein thus may provide a link between 5LO and the cytoskeleton. Two other yeast clones of 1.5 kb encoded transforming growth factor (TGF) type beta receptor-I-associated protein 1 partial cDNA. TGF type beta receptor-I-associated protein 1 recently has been reported to associate with the activated form of the TGF beta receptor I and may be involved in the TGF beta-induced up-regulation of 5LO expression and activity observed in HL-60 and Mono Mac 6 cells. Finally, three identical 2.1-kb clones contained the partial cDNA of a human protein with high homology to a hypothetical helicase K12H4. 8 from Caenorhabditis elegans and consequently was named DeltaK12H4. 8 homologue. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed the presence of a RNase III motif and a double-stranded RNA binding domain, indicative of a protein of nuclear origin. The identification of these 5LO-interacting proteins provides additional approaches to studies of the cellular functions of 5LO. (+info)

Dominant-negative Smad2 mutants inhibit activin/Vg1 signaling and disrupt axis formation in Xenopus. (4/587)

Smads are central mediators of signal transduction for the TGFbeta superfamily. However, the precise functions of Smad-mediated signaling pathways in early development are unclear. Here we demonstrate a requirement for Smad2 signaling in dorsoanterior axis formation during Xenopus development. Using two point mutations of Smad2 previously identified in colorectal carcinomas, we show that Smad2 ushers Smad4 to the nucleus to form a transcriptional activation complex with the nuclear DNA-binding protein FAST-1 and that the mutant proteins interact normally with FAST-1 but fail to recruit Smad4 into the nucleus. This mechanism of inhibition specifically restricts the dominant-negative activity of these mutants to the activin/Vg1 signaling pathway without inhibiting BMPs. Furthermore, expression of these mutants in Xenopus animal caps inhibits but does not abolish activin and Vg1 induction of mesoderm and in the embryo results in a truncated dorsoanterior axis. These studies define a mechanism through which mutations in Smad2 may block TGFbeta-dependent signaling and suggest a critical role for inductive signaling mediated by the Smad2 pathway in Xenopus organizer function. (+info)

A short loop on the ALK-2 and ALK-4 activin receptors regulates signaling specificity but cannot account for all their effects on early Xenopus development. (5/587)

Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, signals through a heteromeric complex of type I and type II serine-threonine kinase receptors. The two activin type I receptors previously identified, ALK-2 (ActR-I) and ALK-4 (ActR-IB), have distinct effects on gene expression, differentiation and morphogenesis in the Xenopus animal cap assay. ALK-4 reproduces the effects of activin treatment including the dose-dependent induction of progressively more dorso-anterior mesodermal and endodermal markers, whereas ALK-2 induces only ventral mesodermal markers and counteracts the effects of ALK-4. To identify regions of the receptors that determine signaling specificity we have generated chimeras of the constitutively active ALK-2 and ALK-4 receptors (termed ALK-2* and ALK-4*). The effects of these chimeric receptors on gene expression and morphogenetic movements implicate the loop between kinase subdomains IV and V in mediating the strong dorsal gene-inducing properties of ALK-4*; when the seven amino acids comprising this loop are transferred from ALK-4* to ALK-2*, the resulting chimeric receptor is capable of inducing the expression of dorsal-specific genes. In contrast, when the equivalent region of ALK-2* is transferred to the ALK-4* backbone it cannot effectively counteract the dorsalizing effects of ALK-4*, suggesting that other regions of type I receptors are also involved in determining signal specificity. (+info)

TAKs, thylakoid membrane protein kinases associated with energy transduction. (6/587)

The phosphorylation of proteins within the eukaryotic photosynthetic membrane is thought to regulate a number of photosynthetic processes in land plants and algae. Both light quality and intensity influence protein kinase activity via the levels of reductants produced by the thylakoid electron transport chain. We have isolated a family of proteins called TAKs, Arabidopsis thylakoid membrane threonine kinases that phosphorylate the light harvesting complex proteins. TAK activity is enhanced by reductant and is associated with the photosynthetic reaction center II and the cytochrome b6f complex. TAKs are encoded by a gene family that has striking similarity to transforming growth factor beta receptors of metazoans. Thus thylakoid protein phosphorylation may be regulated by a cascade of reductant-controlled membrane-bound protein kinases. (+info)

The type I serine/threonine kinase receptor ActRIA (ALK2) is required for gastrulation of the mouse embryo. (7/587)

ActRIA (or ALK2), one of the type I receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, can bind both activin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in conjunction with the activin and BMP type II receptors, respectively. In mice, ActRIA is expressed primarily in the extraembryonic visceral endoderm before gastrulation and later in both embryonic and extraembryonic cells during gastrulation. To elucidate its function in mouse development, we disrupted the transmembrane domain of ActRIA by gene targeting. We showed that embryos homozygous for the mutation were arrested at the early gastrulation stage, displaying abnormal visceral endoderm morphology and severe disruption of mesoderm formation. To determine in which germ layer ActRIA functions during gastrulation, we performed reciprocal chimera analyses. (1) Homozygous mutant ES cells injected into wild-type blastocysts were able to contribute to all three definitive germ layers in chimeric embryos. However, a high contribution of mutant ES cells in chimeras disrupted normal development at the early somite stage. (2) Consistent with ActRIA expression in the extraembryonic cells, wild-type ES cells failed to rescue the gastrulation defect in chimeras in which the extraembryonic ectoderm and visceral endoderm were derived from homozygous mutant blastocysts. Furthermore, expression of HNF4, a key visceral endoderm-specific transcription regulatory factor, was significantly reduced in the mutant embryos. Together, our results indicate that ActRIA in extraembryonic cells plays a major role in early gastrulation, whereas ActRIA function is also required in embryonic tissues during later development in mice. (+info)

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-dependent and -independent effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on endochondral bone formation. (8/587)

Previously, we showed that expression of a dominant-negative form of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor in skeletal tissue resulted in increased hypertrophic differentiation in growth plate and articular chondrocytes, suggesting a role for TGF-beta in limiting terminal differentiation in vivo. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) has also been demonstrated to regulate chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Mice with targeted deletion of the PTHrP gene demonstrate increased endochondral bone formation, and misexpression of PTHrP in cartilage results in delayed bone formation due to slowed conversion of proliferative chondrocytes into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Since the development of skeletal elements requires the coordination of signals from several sources, this report tests the hypothesis that TGF-beta and PTHrP act in a common signal cascade to regulate endochondral bone formation. Mouse embryonic metatarsal bone rudiments grown in organ culture were used to demonstrate that TGF-beta inhibits several stages of endochondral bone formation, including chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, and matrix mineralization. Treatment with TGF-beta1 also stimulated the expression of PTHrP mRNA. PTHrP added to cultures inhibited hypertrophic differentiation and matrix mineralization but did not affect cell proliferation. Furthermore, terminal differentiation was not inhibited by TGF-beta in metatarsal rudiments from PTHrP-null embryos; however, growth and matrix mineralization were still inhibited. The data support the model that TGF-beta acts upstream of PTHrP to regulate the rate of hypertrophic differentiation and suggest that TGF-beta has both PTHrP-dependent and PTHrP-independent effects on endochondral bone formation. (+info)

Activin receptor type-2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2B gene. ACVR2B is an activin type 2 receptor. ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ... This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type ... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR2B

... is an activin type 2 receptor. This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR2A

Activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) is a transmembrane receptor that is involved in ligand-binding and mediates the functions ... "ACVR2A activin A receptor type 2A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". Gene. Bock, J B; Klumperman, J; Davanger, S; Scheller ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A(BMPR1A) is expressed almost exclusively in skeletal muscle and is a transcriptional ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) plays an essential role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C19orf18

ACVR1 encodes activin receptor type-1, a BMP type-1 receptor. The mutation causes substitution of codon 206 from arginine to ... Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) may be the disease-causing cell type responsible for activin A dependent ectopic bone ... Regeneron announced new insight into the mechanism of disease involving the activation of the ACVR1 receptor by activin A. In ... "ACVR1 R206H receptor mutation causes fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva by imparting responsiveness to activin A". Science ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva

January 2008). "MicroRNA miR-24 inhibits erythropoiesis by targeting activin type I receptor ALK4". Blood. 111 (2): 588-95. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-24_microRNA_precursor_family

"Characterization of type I receptors for transforming growth factor-beta and activin". Science. 264 (5155): 101-4. Bibcode: ... kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in ... the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B also known as CDw293 (cluster of differentiation w293) is a protein that in humans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1B

2020 scientists reported that suppressing activin type 2 receptors-signalling proteins myostatin and activin A via activin A/ ... A two-week treatment of normal mice with soluble activin type IIB receptor, a molecule that is normally attached to cells and ... Myostatin binds to the activin type II receptor, resulting in a recruitment of either coreceptor Alk-3 or Alk-4. This ... Treating progeric mice with soluble activin receptor type IIB before the onset of premature ageing signs appear to protects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myostatin

... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ... Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; also known as ALK-2 (activin ... Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I ( I and IB) and two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1

"Identification and characterization of a PDZ protein that interacts with activin type II receptors". J Biol Chem. 275 (8): 5485 ... 2003). "PKC regulates the delta2 glutamate receptor interaction with S-SCAM/MAGI-2 protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301 ... 2001). "beta 1-adrenergic receptor association with the synaptic scaffolding protein membrane-associated guanylate kinase ... inverted-2 (MAGI-2). Differential regulation of receptor internalization by MAGI-2 and PSD-95". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (44): 41310- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGI2

2004). "Activin isoforms signal through type I receptor serine/threonine kinase ALK7". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 220 (1-2): 59-65 ... 2001). "The orphan receptor ALK7 and the Activin receptor ALK4 mediate signaling by Nodal proteins during vertebrate ... "SB-431542 is a potent and specific inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily type I activin receptor-like kinase ... The activin A receptor also known as ACVR1C or ALK-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1C gene. ACVR1C is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1C

2005). "The structure of the follistatin:activin complex reveals antagonism of both type I and type II receptor binding". Dev. ... Walsh S, Metter EJ, Ferrucci L, Roth SM (2007). "Activin-type II receptor B (ACVR2B) and follistatin haplotype associations ... 2007). "Activin subunit and receptor expression in normal and cleft human fetal palate tissues". Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 10 (6): ... In the blood, activin and follistatin are both known to be involved in the inflammatory response following tissue injury or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follistatin

"Determination of type I receptor specificity by the type II receptors for TGF-beta or activin". Science. 262 (5135): 900-2. ... Oh SP, Seki T, Goss KA, Imamura T, Yi Y, Donahoe PK, Li L, Miyazono K, ten Dijke P, Kim S, Li E (March 2000). "Activin receptor ... Choy L, Derynck R (November 1998). "The type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor-interacting protein TRIP-1 acts ... It can also decrease the expression levels of cytokine receptors, such as the IL-2 receptor to down-regulate the activity of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta_1

... and BMPR1B and the type II receptor BMPR2. These receptors are also closely related to the activin receptors, ACVR1 and ACVR2. ... kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in ... the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors ... "Human type II receptor for bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs): extension of the two-kinase receptor model to the BMPs". Mol. Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1A

The cause of the disease was traced to a single mutation in the activin A receptor, type I gene. After the discovery, Kaplan ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Kaplan

... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type IB receptor, composed ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1B

Crypto is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored co-receptor that binds nodal and the activin type I ActRIB (ALK)-4 receptor ( ... In the Nodal signaling pathway of embryonic development, Cripto has been shown to have dual function as a co-receptor as well ... Cryptic family protein 1B acts as a receptor for the TGF beta signaling pathway. It has been associated with the translation of ... EGF-CFC proteins' composition as a receptor complex is further solidified by the GPI linkage, making the cell membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cripto

"Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent ... involvement of the Ral pathway in receptor endocytosis". J. Cell Sci. 113 (16): 2837-44. PMID 10910768. Awasthi S, Cheng J, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RALBP1

"Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent ... "Novel factors in regulation of activin signaling". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 225 (1-2): 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.mce. ... "Novel factors in regulation of activin signaling". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 225 (1-2): 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.mce. ... "Interactions of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family with cytosolic adaptor and scaffold proteins suggest diverse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYNJ2BP

"Regulation of endocytosis of activin type II receptors by a novel PDZ protein through Ral/Ral-binding protein 1-dependent ... The product of this gene is part of a protein complex that regulates the endocytosis of growth factor receptors. The encoded ... Its expression can negatively affect receptor internalization and inhibit growth factor signaling. Multiple transcript variants ... "Epsin binds to the EH domain of POB1 and regulates receptor-mediated endocytosis". Oncogene. 18 (43): 5915-22. doi:10.1038/sj. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPS2

... such as the activin type 2 receptor; and bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA. Other LU domain proteins are small ... "Three-finger toxin fold for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor serine kinase". Nature ... Ploug M, Ellis V (August 1994). "Structure-function relationships in the receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator. ... Other receptors with LU domains include members of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta) superfamily, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-finger_protein

... such as the activin type 2 receptor; and bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA. Other LU domain proteins are small ... "Three-finger toxin fold for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor serine kinase". Nature ... Besides uPAR, other receptors with LU domains include members of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta) ... "Localization of the disulfide bonds in the NH2-terminal domain of the cellular receptor for human urokinase-type plasminogen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_domain

The cause of the disease was traced to a single mutation in the activin A receptor, type I gene. Once the cause of the disease ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Shore

It is a TGFβ type 1 receptor antagonist. It blocks TGFβ1 and activin associating with the receptor, blocking access to SMAD2. ... By occupying type I receptors for Activin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), it also plays a role in negative feedback of ... "Smurf1 interacts with transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor through Smad7 and induces receptor degradation". J. Biol ... Lebrun JJ, Takabe K, Chen Y, Vale W (January 1999). "Roles of pathway-specific and inhibitory Smads in activin receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_7

... activin A receptor type II-like 1. *CBX5: chromobox homolog 5. *COL2A1: collagen, type II, alpha 1 (primary osteoarthritis, ... PTPN11: protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (Noonan syndrome 1). *KRAS: V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosomang_12_

It consists of a modified extra-cellular domain of human activin receptor type IIB bound to the Fc portion of the human IgG1 ... Family studies can be done to evaluate carrier status and the types of mutations present in other family members. DNA testing ... As with about half of all hereditary diseases, an inherited mutation damages the assembly of the messenger-type RNA (mRNA) that ... type. Serum ferritin (the storage form of iron) is routinely measured in those with beta thalassemia to determine the degree of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_thalassemia

In the cell surface Dapper2 tightly binds to the active form of the activin type 1 receptors and targets the receptor for ... Activation of the Nodal pathway involves nodal binding to activin and activin-like receptors which leads to phosphorylation of ... The binding of Nodal proteins to activin or activin-like serine/threonine kinase receptors results in the phosphorylation of ... Somehow the reduction of activin receptors would lead to the decrease in activity of different TGFb pathways. Smad proteins are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodal_signaling_pathway

... also known has Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1), and the other type II receptors BMPRII and ActRIIA. GDF2 and BMP10 are the ... and activin type II receptors balance BMP9 signals mediated by activin receptor-like kinase-1 in human pulmonary artery ... an endothelial-specific type I receptor of the TGF-beta receptor family. Endoglin, a type I membrane glycoprotein that forms ... start with a ligand binding with a high affinity type I receptor (ALK1-7) followed by the recruitment of a type II receptor( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF2

ACE-011 was a chimeric protein, created by fusing the binding portion of the activin type 2 receptor to part of an antibody; ... a protein therapeutic that was an activin type 2 receptor antagonist intended to treat bone loss. ... the resulting protein binds to activin and prevents it from acting. Knopf took over as CEO in 2007. He became known for showing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceleron_Pharma

SB-431542 is a potent and specific inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta superfamily type I activin receptor-like kinase ... TGF-β receptors are composed of both type 1 and type 2 receptor subunits. After the binding of TGF-β, the type 2 receptor ... the type 2 receptor kinase phosphorylates and activates the type 1 receptor kinase that activates a signaling cascade. In the ... The type 1 receptor then recruits and phosphorylates a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD). The R-SMAD then binds to the common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta

... is a recombinant fusion protein derived from human activin receptor type IIb (ActRIIb) linked to a protein derived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luspatercept

It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of thyroid tumors.[1] It is not indicated for weight loss.[1] ... T4 and T3 bind to thyroid receptor proteins in the cell nucleus and cause metabolic effects through the control of DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levothyroxine

The TrkB receptor is encoded by the NTRK2 gene and is member of a receptor family of tyrosine kinases that includes TrkA and ... Certain types of physical exercise have been shown to markedly (threefold) increase BDNF synthesis in the human brain, a ... receptor binding. • neurotrophin TRKB receptor binding. • growth factor activity. • GO:0001948 protein binding. ... regulation of receptor activity. • activation of phospholipase C activity. • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF

transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. • epidermal growth factor receptor binding. • Wnt-protein ... embryonic retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye. • positive regulation of gene expression. • positive regulation of cell ... positive regulation of receptor internalization. • positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity. ... receptor complex. • extracellular region. • lysosomal membrane. • extracellular exosome. • platelet alpha granule lumen. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor

The oxytocin receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor that requires magnesium and cholesterol. It belongs to the rhodopsin-type ... oxytocin receptor binding. • hormone activity. • neurohypophyseal hormone activity. • neuropeptide hormone activity. Cellular ... Estrogen has been found to increase the secretion of oxytocin and to increase the expression of its receptor, the oxytocin ... Cardiac effects: oxytocin and oxytocin receptors are also found in the heart in some rodents, and the hormone may play a role ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocin

Sajjad Y, Quenby S, Nickson P, Lewis-Jones DI, Vince G., Androgen receptors are expressed in a variety of human fetal ... V. Y. Arion, Thymic Peptides as Immunoregulators with Special Reference to T-Activin, Soviet Medical Reviewa, section B, ... as an immunomodulatory protein inducing Th1-type immune response in vitro., Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 juuni ;26(2):304-13. doi ... Jean M. Bidlack, Detection and Function of Opioid Receptors on Cells from the Immune System, Clin Vaccine Immunol, september ...

https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tüümus

FAS/FASL systém - expresia Fas ligandu (FasL) na povrchu SC aktivuje apoptotickú smrť buniek nesúcich receptor pre FasL - Fas, ... NICHOLLS, Peter K.; STANTON, Peter G.; CHEN, Justin L.. Activin Signaling Regulates Sertoli Cell Differentiation and Function. ... Thyroid Hormone Stimulates the Proliferation of Sertoli Cells and Single Type A Spermatogonia in Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) ...

https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertoliho_bunka

de 1993). «Determination of type I receptor specificity by the type II receptors for TGF-beta or activin». Science (UNITED ... de 1998). «The type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor-interacting protein TRIP-1 acts as a modulator of the TGF ... de 2001). «Conserved role for 14-3-3epsilon downstream of type I TGFbeta receptors». FEBS Lett. (Netherlands) 490 (1-2): 65-9. ... de 2000). «Activin receptor-like kinase 1 modulates transforming growth factor-beta 1 signaling in the regulation of ...

https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_de_crecimiento_transformante_beta_1

... meaning that they bind to a cell in a way that regulates LHRH receptors. The process of inhibiting the cell receptors suggests ... July 2002). "D-Amino acid residue in the C-type natriuretic peptide from the venom of the mammal, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, the ... Prolactin modulators: Prolactin inhibitors: D2 receptor agonists (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline); Prolactin releasers: D2 ... B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) - produced in myocardium & useful in medical diagnosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide

TGF beta receptors. (Activin, BMP, family). TGFBR1:. *Activin type 1 receptors *ACVR1 ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Growth factor receptor modulators. Cytokine ... GDF11 can bind type I TGF-beta superfamily receptors ACVR1B (ALK4), TGFBR1 (ALK5) and ACVR1C (ALK7), but predominantly uses ... camera-type eye morphogenesis. • anterior/posterior pattern specification. • negative regulation of cell proliferation. • SMAD ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF11

TGF beta receptors. (Activin, BMP). TGFBR1:. *Activin type 1 receptors *ACVR1. *ACVR1B ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Growth factor receptor modulators. Cytokine ... Roberts AB, Sporn MB (1990). Peptide growth factors and their receptors. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-51184-9.. ... These proteins interact with a conserved family of cell surface serine/threonine-specific protein kinase receptors, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tgf_beta_superfamily

Receptor/signaling modulators. Estrogens and antiestrogens. Androgen receptor modulators. Progesterone receptor modulators. ... and estrus-type changes (including vaginal, uterine, and mammary gland changes and sexual receptivity) in sexually immature, ... The estrogen receptor, as well as the progesterone receptor, have been detected in the skin, including in keratinocytes and ... Estradiol acts primarily as an agonist of the estrogen receptor (ER), a nuclear steroid hormone receptor. There are two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Estradiol

Prolactin modulators: Prolactin inhibitors: D2 receptor agonists (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline); Prolactin releasers: D2 ... List of human cell types derived from the germ layers. References[edit]. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_polypeptide

This receptor-corepressor-DNA complex can block gene transcription. When triiodothyronine (T3) binds a receptor, it induces a ... Type. Percent bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). 70% bound to transthyretin or "thyroxine-binding prealbumin" (TTR or ... Main article: Thyroid hormone receptor. The thyroid hormones function via a well-studied set of nuclear receptors, termed the ... binds the TSH receptor (a Gs protein-coupled receptor) on the basolateral membrane of the cell and stimulates the endocytosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_hormone

It is a type of mitogen which is specific only to the receptors on certain types of cells. GH is a 191-amino acid, single-chain ... Thus, GH exerts some of its effects by binding to receptors on target cells, where it activates the MAPK/ERK pathway.[35] ... Lin-Su K, Wajnrajch MP (December 2002). "Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the GHRH Receptor". Reviews in Endocrine ... Yi S, Bernat B, Pál G, Kossiakoff A, Li WH (July 2002). "Functional promiscuity of squirrel monkey growth hormone receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatotropin

Activin type 2 receptors: ACVR2A, ACVR2B. Activin binds to the Type II receptor and initiates a cascade reaction that leads to ... In mammals, four beta subunits have been described, called activin βA, activin βB, activin βC and activin βE. Activin βA and βB ... ActivinEdit. As with other members of the superfamily, activins interact with two types of cell surface transmembrane receptors ... but may involve competing with activin for binding to activin receptors and/or binding to inhibin-specific receptors.[8] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibin

május 1.) „A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans ... március 1.) „Activins and activin antagonists in hepatocellular carcinoma". World Journal of Gastroenterology 14 (11), 1699-709 ... március 1.) „Inhibin/activin and ovarian cancer". Endocrine-Related Cancer 11 (1), 35-49. o, Kiadó: Bioscientifica. DOI:10.1677 ... Ez a szócikk részben vagy egészben az Activin and inhibin című angol Wikipédia-szócikk ezen változatának fordításán alapul. Az ...

https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktivin

... the endogenous type I and type II receptor agonist) or RU28362 (a specific type II receptor agonist) to adrenalectomized ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids. Mineralocorticoid receptor modulators. List of ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoid receptor modulators. List of ... The serotonin receptor gene 5HTR2C is associated with increased cortisol production in men.[91] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortisol

Activin type 1 receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C Activin type 2 receptors: ACVR2A, ACVR2B Activin binds to the Type II receptor ... called activin βA, activin βB, activin βC and activin βE. Activin βA and βB are identical to the two beta subunits of inhibin. ... but may involve competing with activin for binding to activin receptors and/or binding to inhibin-specific receptors. Activin A ... As with other members of the superfamily, activins interact with two types of cell surface transmembrane receptors (Types I and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_and_inhibin

TGF beta receptors. (Activin, BMP, family). TGFBR1:. *Activin type 1 receptors *ACVR1 ... Receptor/signaling modulators. Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators. Growth factor receptor modulators. Cytokine ... type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding. • cytokine activity. • type I transforming growth factor beta ... binding to the extracellular domain of the type II TGF-beta receptor: receptor capture on a biosensor surface using a new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGFB3

Receptors[edit]. There appear to be at least three distinct receptor complexes that amylin binds to with high affinity. All ... was approved in 2005 for adult use in patients with both diabetes mellitus type 1 and diabetes mellitus type 2. Insulin and ... G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • ... Prolactin modulators: Prolactin inhibitors: D2 receptor agonists (e.g., bromocriptine, cabergoline); Prolactin releasers: D2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylin

activin receptor activity, type I. • nucleotide binding. • homodimerisasi protein. • growth factor binding. • activin binding. ... "Entrez Gene: ACVR1 (activin A receptor, type I)".. *^ "SB-431542 is a potent and specific inhibitor of transforming growth ... activin receptor complex. • receptor complex. Biological process. • germ cell development. • pathway-restricted SMAD protein ... factor-beta superfamily type I activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptors ALK4, ALK5, and ALK7". Molecular Pharmacology. 62 ( ...

https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1

Receptor/signaling modulators. Estrogens and antiestrogens. Androgen receptor modulators. Progesterone receptor modulators. ... Types and examples[edit]. Chemical structures of major endogenous estrogens, including estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol ( ... Once inside the cell, they bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ERs) which in turn modulate the expression of many genes.[5 ... Another type of estrogen called estetrol (E4) is produced only during pregnancy. All of the different forms of estrogen are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oestrogen

"Melatonin receptors , G protein-coupled receptors , IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology". www.guidetopharmacology.org. Retrieved 7 ... Tentative evidence shows melatonin may help reduce some types of headaches including cluster and hypnic headaches.[109][110] ... In humans, melatonin is a full agonist of melatonin receptor 1 (picomolar binding affinity) and melatonin receptor 2 (nanomolar ... Melatonin receptors 1 and 2 are both Gi/o-coupled GPCRs, although melatonin receptor 1 is also Gq-coupled.[44] Melatonin also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mela-T

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Signaling peptide/protein receptor modulators • GnRH and gonadotropins ... P0DN86[21-165]; Two specific hCGb proteins that differ by three amino acids in positions 2,4 and 117 have been described: type ... D2 receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (incl., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, ... Human chorionic gonadotropin interacts with the LHCG receptor of the ovary and promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-HCG

Receptors[edit]. The following describes the actions of AVP: Type. Second messenger system Locations. Actions Agonists ... receptor binding. • V1A vasopressin receptor binding. • V1B vasopressin receptor binding. • neuropeptide hormone activity. ... regulation of receptor activity. • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway. • maternal aggressive behavior. • positive ... cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process. • neurohypophyseal hormone activity. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin

... was discovered after the ghrelin receptor (called growth hormone secretagogue type 1A receptor or GHS-R) was discovered ... Ghrelin receptor[edit]. The ghrelin receptor GHS-R1a (a splice-variant of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, with the ... The receptor for ghrelin, the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is found on the same cells in the brain as ... "Functional implications of limited leptin receptor and ghrelin receptor coexpression in the brain". The Journal of Comparative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghrelin

Losartan is an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker known to antagonise TGF-ß signalling via inhibiting the expression ... Up-regulation of activin A works in conjunction with Fibrillin-1 and TGF-ß signalling molecules to produce a fibroproliferative ... camera-type eye development. • metanephros development. • regulation of cellular response to growth factor stimulus. • protein ... Hayward C, Brock DJ (1998). "Fibrillin-1 mutations in Marfan syndrome and other type-1 fibrillinopathies". Human Mutation. 10 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBN1

Types of glycosylation[edit]. There are several types of glycosylation, although the first two are the most common. ... Miraculin, is a glycoprotein extracted from Synsepalum dulcificum a berry which alters human tongue receptors to recognize sour ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycoprotein

NGF binds with at least two classes of receptors: the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and low-affinity NGF receptor (LNGFR ... regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process. • positive regulation of axonogenesis. • ... nerve growth factor receptor binding. • growth factor activity. • signaling receptor binding. Cellular component. • endosome. • ... This impairment may be caused by an atypical production or use of receptors in the brain.[45] Stimulating NGF receptors via NGF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_growth_factor

A ligand binds to a Type two receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylate a type I receptor. The type I receptor recruits a ... There are three type I Activin receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, and ACVR1C. Each bind to a specific type II receptor-ligand complex. ... The Activin type I receptors transduce signals for a variety of members of the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ... This family of cytokines and hormones include activin, Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_type_1_receptors

Regulation of muscle growth by multiple ligands signaling through activin type II receptors. Se-Jin Lee, Lori A. Reed, Monique ... Here we describe a potent myostatin inhibitor, a soluble form of the activin type IIB receptor (ACVR2B), which can cause ... Previous studies have demonstrated that myostatin is capable of binding the two activin type II receptors, ACVR2B and, to a ... Finally, we provide genetic evidence that these ligands signal through both activin type II receptors, ACVR2 and ACVR2B, to ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/102/50/18117?ijkey=b2b82e14e0ff6a6bc4469d64a175d55e45e9ead0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Compare activin A receptor type 1C ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, ... activin A receptor type 1C ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a widely used application for detecting ... Your search returned 57 activin A receptor type 1C ELISA ELISA Kit across 3 suppliers. ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-2269672/ELISA_Kit/ELISA_activin_A_receptor_type_1C

Rabbit polyclonal Activin Receptor Type IIA antibody. Validated in WB, ICC/IF and tested in Human. Cited in 1 publication(s). ... Anti-Activin Receptor Type IIA antibody. See all Activin Receptor Type IIA primary antibodies. ... forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors ... All lanes : Anti-Activin Receptor Type IIA antibody (ab96793) at 1/10000 dilution. Lane 1 : HeLa whole cell lysate. Lane 2 : ...

https://www.abcam.com/activin-receptor-type-iia-antibody-ab96793.html

Buy our Recombinant Human Activin Receptor Type IIB protein. Ab125577 is a protein fragment produced in Baculovirus infected ... Recombinant Human Activin Receptor Type IIB protein. See all Activin Receptor Type IIB proteins and peptides. ... forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors ... By product type. Proteins and Peptides. Proteomics tools. Agonists, activators, antagonists and inhibitors. Lysates. Multiplex ...

http://www.abcam.com/recombinant-human-activin-receptor-type-iib-protein-ab125577.html

Homo sapiens activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1), transcript variant 1, mRNA Homo sapiens activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1), ... Homo sapiens activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1), transcript variant 1, mRNA. NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_001105.4 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001105.4

Activin receptor type-1. Activin receptor type-1, EC 2.7.11.30 (Activin receptor type I, ACTR-I) (Activin receptor-like kinase ... Activin receptor type-1Imported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures.,/p> , ... tr,C9J1R3,C9J1R3_HUMAN Activin receptor type-1 (Fragment) OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=ACVR1 PE=4 SV=1 ... 2, ALK-2) (Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R1, SKR1) (TGF-B superfamily receptor type I, TSR-I) ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/C9J1R3

TGF-B superfamily receptor type I. activin A receptor type II-like 1. activin A receptor type IL. activin A receptor, type II- ... ACVRL1 activin A receptor like type 1 [Homo sapiens] ACVRL1 activin A receptor like type 1 [Homo sapiens]. Gene ID:94 ... STKc_ACVR1_ALK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, Activin Type I Receptor and Activin receptor-Like Kinase 1. ... STKc_ACVR1_ALK1; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, Activin Type I Receptor and Activin receptor-Like Kinase 1. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=94

type I serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor, Activin/BMP/TGF-beta types ... Blue cells = expressed in wild-type.. Gray triangles = other expression annotations only. (e.g. absence of expression or data ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1338944

Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD ... Receptor for activin A, activin B and inhibin A. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6. ... forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. ... forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q28043

... activin A receptor, type 1 , activin type I receptor , type I TGF B receptor , activin A receptor, type I , activin receptor ... TGF-B superfamily receptor type I , activin A receptor, type II-like kinase 2 , activin receptor type I , activin receptor type ... type IA , TSK-7L , activin A receptor type 1 S homeolog , activin A receptor type I S homeolog , activin receptor like kinase-2 ... anti-Activin Receptor Type I (ACRV1) (AA 6-34), (N-Term) Antikörper Primary Antibody Synonym: activin A receptor type 1 ACRV1 ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/abstract/Activin+Receptor+Type+I+

... type I), Authors: Cláudia A Rainho, Silvia R Rogatto. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol. ... sequence identity to activin receptor type II and activin receptor type IIB, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II ... ACVR1(activin A receptor, type I), - ACVR1C (activin A receptor, type IC (ACVR1C),. - CYTIP (cytohesin 1 interacting protein), ... The activin A type I receptor is essential for activin signaling, while type II receptors are required for binding ligands. On ...

http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/GC_ACVR1.html

Synonyms: ACTR-IIB, ACTRIIB, ActR-IIB, Activin receptor type IIB, Activin receptor type-2B, ... ... Cloning of a second form of activin-betaA cDNA and regulation of activin-betaA subunits and activin type II receptor mRNA ... Expression of type II activin receptor genes during differentiation of human K562 cells and cDNA cloning of the human type IIB ... Production and localization of activins and activin type IIA and IIB receptors by the human endosalpinx. Refaat, B.A., Bahathiq ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/93.html

activin A receptor, type IIB , activin receptor type IIB , activin receptor type-2B-like , activin type IIB receptor , activin ... receptor type-2B , ACTR-IIB , testicular activin receptor IIB , ActRIIB type II activin receptor B , Activine receptor 2b ( ... anti-Activin A Receptor, Type IIB (ACVR2B) Antikörper. Bezeichnung:. anti-Activin A Receptor, Type IIB Antikörper (ACVR2B). Auf ... Weitere Produktkategorien zu Activin A Receptor, Type IIB Antikörper * 138 anti-Activin A Receptor, Type IIB Primary Antibodies ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/hormone-transport-pathway-38/acvr2b-antibody-1776/

What is Activin receptor type IIA? Meaning of Activin receptor type IIA medical term. What does Activin receptor type IIA mean? ... Looking for online definition of Activin receptor type IIA in the Medical Dictionary? Activin receptor type IIA explanation ... type-II receptors are required for binding ligands and expression of type-I receptors. After activin binding, type-I receptors ... redirected from Activin receptor type IIA) ACVR2A. A gene on chromosome 2q22.3 that encodes activin receptor type IIA, a ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Activin+receptor+type+IIA

Selected quality suppliers for anti-Activin A Receptor Type IB antibodies. ... Order monoclonal and polyclonal Activin A Receptor Type IB antibodies for many applications. ... activin A receptor, type IB , activin A receptor, type 1B , activin type IB receptor , activin receptor type-1B-like , Activin ... receptor type-1B , activin receptor IB , ALK-4 , activin receptor type IB , activin receptor type-1B , activin receptor-like ...

http://www.antibodies-online.com/abstract/Activin+A+Receptor%2C+Type+IB+

Type IIA (ACVR2A) Protein. Species: Mouse. Source: Escherichia coli (E. coli). Order product ABIN6301677. ... Activin A Receptor, Type IIA (ACVR2A) Protein Activin A Receptor, Type IIA (ACVR2A) Protein. Details for Product No. ... Protein Type Recombinant Application ELISA, Immunoprecipitation (IP), SDS-PAGE (SDS), Western Blotting (WB). Options Bulk ...

https://www.antibodies-online.com/protein/6301677/Activin+A+Receptor,+Type+IIA+ACVR2A+protein/

Activin receptor type-2A, Activin receptor type IIA, ACTR-IIA, ACTRIIA, ACVR2A, ACVR2, 2.7.11.30 ...

https://www.gbiosciences.com/IT15373

Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1 Antibody. Validated: WB, IHC, IHC-Fr. Tested Reactivity: Mouse ... Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1 » Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1 Antibodies » Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin ... Additional Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1 Products. Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1 NBP1-33500 * Activin ... Blogs on Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1. There are no specific blogs for Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1, ...

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Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) ... Alternative names for Activin receptor type 1C / ACVR1C antibody. ACTR-IC, ACTRIC, ALK7, Activin receptor-like kinase 7 ... activin B and activin AB, all of which can also signal through the ubiquitous activin type I receptor ACVR1B (also known as ... Activin receptor type 1C / ACVR1C (transcript variant 4). Not available. Purified recombinant protein of Homo sapiens activin A ...

https://www.acris-antibodies.com/target/activin-receptor-type-1c-antibody-acvr1c-antibody.htm

Variation in ACVR1C Encoding the Activin-Receptor Like Kinase 7 Influences Body Fat Distribution and Protects Against Type 2 ... We identified four variants in the gene ACVR1C, encoding the activin-receptor like kinase 7 receptor expressed on adipocytes ... Variation in ACVR1C Encoding the Activin-Receptor Like Kinase 7 Influences Body Fat Distribution and Protects Against Type 2 ... Variation in ACVR1C Encoding the Activin-Receptor Like Kinase 7 Influences Body Fat Distribution and Protects Against Type 2 ...

http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2018/10/25/db18-0857

... and of the activin A type I receptor (ACVR1) genes in a series of twenty-seven French fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva ( ... Activin Receptors, Type IAdultAge of OnsetAgedCarrier ProteinsFemaleFranceHumansMaleMiddle AgedMutationMyositis Ossificans ... Two genes, the noggin (NOG) gene and the activin A type I receptor (ACVRI) gene, are involved in FOP. In this study we have ... TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations of the noggin (NOG) and of the activin A type I receptor (ACVR1) genes in a series of twenty-seven ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19400542/Mutations_of_the_noggin__NOG__and_of_the_activin_A_type_I_receptor__ACVR1__genes_in_a_series_of_twenty_seven_French_fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva__FOP__patients_

Silencing of activin receptor-like kinase 7 alleviates aortic stiffness in type 2 diabetic rats. Acta Diabetol 2015;52:717-726 ... We identified four variants in the gene ACVR1C (encoding the activin receptor-like kinase 7 receptor expressed on adipocytes ... which encodes the activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), influence body fat distribution and protect against type 2 diabetes. ... Genetic variation at the sulfonylurea receptor, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Diabetes 2017;66:2310-2315pmid: ...

https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/68/1/226

... Muscle Nerve. 2011 May;43(5):694-9. doi: ... Introduction: In this study we investigated the action of RAP-031, a soluble activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) comprised of a ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21462203/?dopt=Abstract

... PLoS ... Activin Receptors, Type II / antagonists & inhibitors * Activin Receptors, Type II / chemistry * Activin Receptors, Type II / ... postnatal inhibition of either myostatin or all signaling via the activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB). After demonstrating ... The fast fiber type muscles had a greater response to treatment than did slow muscles, and the greatest therapeutic effects ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27870893/

Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) ... This gene encodes an activin A type IB receptor. ... type 1B; activin receptor type-1B; ALK-4; activin receptor type ... activin A receptor, type 1B. Background. This gene encodes an activin A type IB receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and ... Recombinant Human Activin A Receptor, Type IB NSO. N/A. Human. ACVR1B-189H. Recombinant Human ACVR1B, Fc Chimera NS0. Fc ...

https://www.creativebiomart.net/symbolsearch_ACVR1B.htm

The ligands bring together a type II receptor with a type I receptor, both serine/threonine kinases. The type II receptor ... the TGF-β type I receptor). We demonstrate that it inhibits ALK5 and also the activin type I receptor ALK4 and the nodal type I ... To date, there are five mammalian type II receptors: TβR-II, ActR-II, ActR-IIB, BMPR-II, and AMHR-II and seven type I receptors ... TGF-β superfamily members signal through a receptor complex comprising a type II and type I receptor, both serine/threonine ...

http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/62/1/65.full

Activin A Receptor Type IC (ACVR1C) Antibody (N-term A48), Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab) validated in WB, IHC-P, E ... Activin receptor type-1C, Activin receptor type IC, ACTR-IC, Activin receptor-like kinase 7, ALK-7, ACVR1C (HGNC:18123). ... Activin A Receptor Type IC (ACVR1C) Antibody (N-term A48) Activin A Receptor Type IC (ACVR1C) Antibody (N-term A48). Purified ... The receptor complex consisting of 2 type II and 2 type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors ...

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Activin Receptor Type IA (ACVR1) Antibody (Center R147), Purified Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody (Pab) validated in WB, IHC-P, E ( ... Activin receptor type-1, Activin receptor type I, ACTR-I, Activin receptor-like kinase 2, ALK-2, Serine/threonine-protein ... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. ACVR1 (activin A type I receptor) signals a particular ... Activin Receptor Type IA (ACVR1) Antibody (Center R147) Activin Receptor Type IA (ACVR1) Antibody (Center R147). Purified ...

http://www.abgent.com/products/AP7806c-Activin-Receptor-Type-IA-ACVR1-Antibody-Center-R147

Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or TGF B Superfamily Receptor Type I or ALK2 or ... Activin Receptor Type 1 (Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or TGF B Superfamily ... and molecule type.. Activin Receptor Type 1 (Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or ... Activin Receptor Type 1 (Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or TGF B Superfamily ...

https://www.marketresearch.com/Global-Markets-Direct-v3480/Activin-Receptor-Type-Kinase-Serine-11712278/

It shares with other type I receptors a high degree of similarity in serine-threonine kinase subdomains, a glycine- and serine-rich region (called the GS domain) preceding the kinase domain, and a short C-terminal tail. (nih.gov)
The encoded protein, sometimes termed ALK1, shares similar domain structures with other closely related ALK or activin receptor-like kinase proteins that form a subfamily of receptor serine/threonine kinases. (nih.gov)
Targeting tumour vasculature by inhibiting activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)1 function. (nih.gov)
The ALKs have approximately 40% sequence identity to activin receptor type II and activin receptor type IIB , transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type II receptor and Daf-1 in the kinase domains. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
A gene on chromosome 2q22.3 that encodes activin receptor type IIA, a receptor that forms a complex with other type-I and two type-II transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptors for activin, a dimeric growth and differentiating factor belonging to the TGF-beta superfamily of structurally related signalling proteins. (thefreedictionary.com)
We identified four variants in the gene ACVR1C , encoding the activin-receptor like kinase 7 receptor expressed on adipocytes and pancreatic beta cells, which independently associated with reduced WHRadjBMI: Asn150His (-0.09 standard deviations, p=3.4*10 -17 ), Ile195Thr (-0.15 SD, p=1.0*10 -9 ), Ile482Val (-0.019 SD, p=1.6*10 -5 ) and rs72927479 (-0.035 SD, p=2.6*10 -12 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Activin Receptor Type 1 (Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or TGF B Superfamily Receptor Type I or ALK2 or ACVR1 or EC 2.7.11.30) pipeline Target constitutes close to 11 molecules. (marketresearch.com)
The latest report Activin Receptor Type 1 - Pipeline Review, H1 2018, outlays comprehensive information on the Activin Receptor Type 1 (Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or TGF B Superfamily Receptor Type I or ALK2 or ACVR1 or EC 2.7.11.30) targeted therapeutics, complete with analysis by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. (marketresearch.com)
Furthermore, this report also reviews key players involved in Activin Receptor Type 1 (Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or TGF B Superfamily Receptor Type I or ALK2 or ACVR1 or EC 2.7.11.30) targeted therapeutics development with respective active and dormant or discontinued projects. (marketresearch.com)
Proteins in the TGF-beta superfamily transduce their effects through binding to type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. (rupress.org)
The gene encodes a membrane bound receptor essential for signal transduction through a tyrosine kinase. (moldiag.com)
Ardelean DS, Jerkic M, Yin M, Peter M, Ngan B, Kerbel RS, Foster FS, Letarte M. Endoglin and activin receptor-like kinase 1 heterozygous mice have a distinct pulmonary and hepatic angiogenic profile and response to anti-VEGF treatment. (sickkids.ca)
The ligand-receptor complex then recruits a type I receptor, activin-like kinase (ALK) 4 or 5, to initiate signal transduction ( 23 , 24 ). (ijbs.com)
Targeted inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase 5 signaling attenuates cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction. (biomedsearch.com)
We thus aimed to inhibit TGF-beta signaling using a novel orally active TGF-beta type I receptor [activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)] inhibitor (GW788388) to attenuate left ventricular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of MI. (biomedsearch.com)
Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-1 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin receptor type-2 (ACVR2A or ACVR2B). (nih.gov)
Activin binds to type-2 receptor at the plasma membrane and activates its serine-threonine kinase. (nih.gov)
Serine/threonine protein kinase which forms a receptor complex on ligand binding. (abcam.cn)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Activins and inhibins are dimeric polypeptides that belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily and that bind to transmembrane receptors with serine/threonine kinase activity. (bmj.com)
Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity. (harvard.edu)
Genetic and molecular studies suggest that activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) plays an important role in vascular development, remodeling, and pathologic angiogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
In a human melanoma model with acquired resistance to a VEGF receptor kinase inhibitor, anti-ALK1 also delayed tumor growth and disturbed vascular normalization associated with VEGF receptor inhibition. (aacrjournals.org)
Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is a type I TGFβ receptor subclass with distinct expression, signaling, and functional properties from other family receptors ( 1, 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) is an endothelial serine-threonine kinase receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 9 and 10. (nature.com)
A transmembrane protein serine/threonine kinase, Atr-I, that is structurally related to receptors for members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family has been cloned from Drosophila melanogaster. (asm.org)
Comparison of Atr-I with other type I receptors reveals the presence of a characteristic 30-amino-acid domain immediately upstream of the kinase region in all these receptors. (asm.org)
These results indicate that the heteromeric kinase structure is a general feature of this receptor family. (asm.org)
Endothelial cell proliferation, activin A, or its constitutively active activin receptor-like kinase 4 receptor (ALK4T206D), increased the expression of CDKN1A (p21), CDKN2B (p15), and CDKN1B (p27) CDK inhibitors and down-regulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, the receptor of a key angiogenic factor in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
The ligand/type II receptor complex then recruits, binds, and transphosphorylates the type I receptor, ActR-IB, also known as activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4). (aacrjournals.org)
ALKs 1-7 are type I serine/threonine kinase receptors for TGF-beta superfamily members. (rndsystems.com)
They undergo hetero-oligomerization with type II serine/threonine kinase receptors to transduce signals, usually through Smad proteins. (rndsystems.com)

There are three type I Activin receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, and ACVR1C. (wikipedia.org)
The two curated transcript variants (NM_001105.4 and NM_001111067.2) of ACVR1 encode the same protein of 509 amino acids containing a single transmembrane and three conserved domains (cyan - Activin receptor, blue - TGF-beta and red - Pkinase domains). (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
The ACVR1 gene encodes a transmembrane protein which is a member of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptors included in the TGF-B receptors subfamily. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
MBS9323715 is a ready-to-use microwell, strip plate ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) Kit for analyzing the presence of the activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) ELISA Kit target analytes in biological samples. (mybiosource.com)
Boster Bio Anti-Activin Receptor Type IA (ACVR1) Antibody (Center R147) catalog # A00798-2. (bosterbio.com)
This Activin Receptor Type IA (ACVR1) antibody is generated from rabbits immunized with a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 132-162 amino acids from the Central region of human Activin Receptor Type IA (ACVR1). (bosterbio.com)
Activin A receptor type I (ACVR1) is a protein is encoded by the ACVR1 gene. (blogspot.com)
The causal mutation, in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor ACVR1, has been thought to boost the receptor's activity, triggering inappropriate bone formation. (sciencemag.org)
The mutated ACVR1 receptor, expressed in cultured cells, responded to activin as well as to its natural ligand, bone morphogenetic protein. (sciencemag.org)

ACVR1B encodes an activin A type IB receptor. (antibodies-online.com)
ACVR1C can mediate signaling by ligans such as Nodal, GDF-1/3, activin B and activin AB, all of which can also signal through the ubiquitous activin type I receptor ACVR1B (also known as ALK4). (acris-antibodies.com)
We selected most pathways ACVR1B participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TGF-beta signaling pathway, Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)
Primary osteoblasts expressed activin signaling components, including ACVR2A, ACVR2B, and ACVR1B (ALK4) and demonstrated increased levels of phosphorylated Smad2/3 upon exposure to activin ligands. (elsevier.com)
Within the receptor complex, type-2 receptors (ACVR2A and/or ACVR2B) act as a primary activin receptors whereas the type-1 receptors like ACVR1B act as downstream transducers of activin signals. (nih.gov)
The activated receptor type-2 then phosphorylates and activates the type-1 receptor such as ACVR1B. (nih.gov)
Inhibitory SMAD7, which is recruited to ACVR1B through FKBP1A, can prevent the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. (nih.gov)
ACVR1B (Activin A Receptor Type 1B) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Diseases associated with ACVR1B include Pancreatic Cancer and Type I . Among its related pathways are mTOR Pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway (KEGG) . (genecards.org)

Here we describe a potent myostatin inhibitor, a soluble form of the activin type IIB receptor (ACVR2B), which can cause dramatic increases in muscle mass (up to 60% in 2 weeks) when injected into wild-type mice. (pnas.org)
Finally, we provide genetic evidence that these ligands signal through both activin type II receptors, ACVR2 and ACVR2B, to regulate muscle growth in vivo . (pnas.org)
Previous studies have demonstrated that myostatin is capable of binding the two activin type II receptors, ACVR2B and, to a lesser extent, ACVR2, in transfected COS cells ( 11 , 17 ). (pnas.org)
Because the activin type II receptors have been shown to be capable of binding a number of other TGF-β family members in addition to myostatin (for review, see ref. 18 ), we examined the effect of administering a soluble form of ACVR2B (ACVR2B/Fc) to adult mice. (pnas.org)
Defects in ACVR2B are the cause of visceral heterotaxy autosomal type 4 (HTX4) [MIM:613751]. (abcam.com)
Auf www.antikoerper-online.de finden Sie aktuell 140 Activin A Receptor, Type IIB (ACVR2B) Antikörper von 20 unterschiedlichen Herstellern. (antikoerper-online.de)
ACVR2B is an activin type 2 receptor. (creativebiomart.net)
ACVR2B receptors were found to be localized in the rete testis [2] . (chemeurope.com)
After diabetes developed, mice were treated with a soluble MSTN/activin receptor fused to Fc (ACVR2B:Fc). (ijbs.com)
MSTN binds to the type II activin receptors, particularly activin receptor type IIB (ACVR2B) ( 21 - 23 ). (ijbs.com)
Here, we generated mice with conditional deletion of activin receptor (ACVR) type 2A, ACVR2B, or both, in osteoblasts, to determine the contribution of activin receptor signaling in regulating bone mass. (elsevier.com)
Targeted disruption of the mouse activin receptor type IIB gene (Acvr2b) results in abnormal left-right (LR) axis development among Acvr2b(-/-) homozygotes [Oh and Li, 1997: Genes Dev 11:1812,1826]. (elsevier.com)
Activin receptor type-2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2B gene. (wikipedia.org)

Cells of the epididymis also have ACVR2A receptors present. (chemeurope.com)
Taken together, these results indicate that activin receptor signaling, predominantly through ACVR2A, directly and negatively regulates bone mass in osteoblasts. (elsevier.com)

On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. (abcam.com)
1993) characterized cDNA clones encoding four putative transmembrane protein serine/threonine kinases, named as activin receptor-like kinases (ALK) -1, -2, -3 and -4. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Since the sequence identities were higher (60-79%) between ALK-1, -2, -3 and -4, the authors suggested that they form a subfamily among the putative receptor serine/threonine kinases. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I ( I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. (novusbio.com)
Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. (mybiosource.com)
Tengroth, Arebro, Larsson, Bachert, Georén, Cardell: Activation of Activin receptor-like kinases curbs mucosal inflammation and proliferation in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). (sickkids.ca)
The receptor complex consisting of 2 type II and 2 type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. (abcam.cn)
Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). (harvard.edu)
As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. (harvard.edu)
Two distinct transmembrane serine/threonine kinases from Drosophila melanogaster form an activin receptor complex. (asm.org)

The Activin type I receptors transduce signals for a variety of members of the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ligands. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a type I cell-surface receptor for the TGF-beta superfamily of ligands. (nih.gov)
Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. (antikoerper-online.de)
Activins are one of the important types of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) protein superfamily. (alliedacademies.org)
Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, also known as bone morphogenetic protein-7 or BMP-7), a member of the TGF-beta superfamily which belongs to the BMP subfamily, was found to bind activin receptor type I (ActR-I), and BMP receptors type IA (BMPR-IA) and type IB (BMPR-IB) in the presence of activin receptors type II (ActR-II) and type IIB (ActR-IIB). (rupress.org)
The Activin type 2 receptors modulate signals for ligands belonging to the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ligands. (chemeurope.com)
New therapeutic proteins that trap circulating members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) beta superfamily (activins and growth differentiation factors) show promising effects on erythropoiesis and muscular growth. (pomposity.us)
In this paper, we provide evidence that Dawdle (Daw), a Transforming Growth Factor-ß (TGF-β) superfamily ligand, acts through an activin signaling pathway and controls motoneuron pathfinding during Drosophila embryogenesis. (biologists.org)
Activins, along with the prototypical TGF-βs and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), constitute three structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of the TGF-β superfamily ( Massague, 1998 ). (biologists.org)
One component of this negative growth regulation is represented by the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily of growth factors and receptors. (bmj.com)
Activin A, a homodimer of two inhibin βA subunits, is a member of the activin/inhibin family, which in turn belongs to the large transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins (8) . (aacrjournals.org)
Nevertheless, the resultant clustering of the TGF-β superfamily into two large subfamilies (BMP and Activin + TGF-β) that functionally appeared to rely on distinct sets of receptors and receptor-associated Smads was intellectually satisfying. (genetics.org)
Its primary function is the binding and bioneutralization of members of the TGF-β superfamily, with a particular focus on activin, a paracrine hormone. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, the effects of activin A on endothelial cell proliferation seem to be conveyed via the ALK4/SMAD2-SMAD3 pathways, however, non-SMAD cascades may also contribute. (aacrjournals.org)

This family of cytokines and hormones include activin, Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and Nodal. (wikipedia.org)
Two of these proteins, the JA16 neutralizing monoclonal antibody (Ab) directed against myostatin ( 8 , 15 ) and a mutant form of the myostatin propeptide resistant to members of the BMP-1/tolloid family of metalloproteases ( 16 ), have been shown to be capable of increasing muscle mass by ≈25% when administered to wild-type (WT) mice. (pnas.org)
ACE-011, a soluble form of the activin receptor type IIA (ActRIIA), is a biologic therapeutic agent that inhibits signaling through the ActRIIA receptor, a member of the Growth and Differentiation Factor (GDF) family of proteins. (thefreedictionary.com)
Additionally we are shipping Activin A Receptor Type IB Proteins (28) and Activin A Receptor Type IB Kits (6) and many more products for this protein. (antibodies-online.com)
These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. (novusbio.com)
Activin (or Inhibin ), Bone morphogenetic proteins and Nodal. (chemeurope.com)
Once activated, the type-1 receptor binds and phosphorylates the SMAD proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3, on serine residues of the C-terminal tail. (nih.gov)
Such ligands include activin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). (genecards.org)
A validated, sensitive electrophoretic method for the detection of activin receptor type II-Fc fusion proteins in human blood. (pomposity.us)
They are dimeric recombinant fusion proteins composed of the extracellular domain of a human activin receptor (ActRIIA or IIB) linked to the Fc part of human IgG1. (pomposity.us)
We validated an approach adapted from an electrophoretic method used for the detection of recombinant erythropoietins that allowed detection of various ActRIIA-Fc and ActRIIB-Fc proteins, including variants produced in different cell types, after a single immuno-extraction step. (pomposity.us)
Activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) elicit diverse biological responses by signaling through two pairs of structurally related type I and type II receptors. (rcsb.org)
High-load strength-type exercise leads to growth of muscle fibers dominated by an increase in contractile proteins. (biologists.org)
ALK1 is phosphorylated upon forming a membrane complex with TGFβ and its type II receptor, which then phosphorylates the receptor-regulated Smad proteins (Smad1/5/8). (aacrjournals.org)
In response to transdermal delivery of menthol, microencapsulated cell implants harboring this gene circuit, coupled to expression of either of two therapeutic proteins, insulin or a modified, activin type IIB, receptor ligand trap protein (mActRIIB ECD -hFc), could alleviate hyperglycemia in alloxan-treated mice (a model of type 1 diabetes) or reverse muscle atrophy in dexamethasone-treated mice (a model of muscle wasting), respectively. (nature.com)
Human MAGI2, rat MAGI2, and mouse MAGI2 were identified as an interacting protein with atrophin-1, synapse-associated protein 90-associated proteins (SAPAPs), and activin. (springer.com)
Stargazin and other transmembrane AMPA receptor regulating proteins interact with synaptic scaffolding protein MAGI-2 in brain. (springer.com)
A novel multiple PDZ domain-containing molecule interacting with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and neuronal cell adhesion proteins. (springer.com)

ACVR1C, also known as ALK7, is a type I activin receptor and plays a role in cell differentiation, growth arrest and apoptosis. (acris-antibodies.com)
ACVR1C is dispensable for mouse embryogenesis, which suggests alternative functions for this receptor in postnatal development and tissue homeostasis. (acris-antibodies.com)
ACVR1C plays an important role in regulating the functional plasticity of pancreatic islets, negatively affecting beta-cell function by mediating the effects of activin B on Ca2+ signaling. (acris-antibodies.com)
These findings indicate that variants predicted to lead to loss of ACVR1C gene function influence body fat distribution and protect from type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Chez www.anticorps-enligne.fr sont 122 Activin Receptor Type IC (ACVR1C) Anticorps de 29 de différents fournisseurs disponibles. (anticorps-enligne.fr)

Each bind to a specific type II receptor-ligand complex. (wikipedia.org)
Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate, they all operate through essentially the same pathway: A ligand binds to a Type two receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylate a type I receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, we show that the effect of the soluble receptor is attenuated but not eliminated in Mstn -/- mice, suggesting that at least one other ligand in addition to myostatin normally functions to limit muscle growth. (pnas.org)
Activin-recp domain: a specific hydrophilic Cys-rich ligand-binding domain characterized by 9 amino acid cysteine box, with the consensus CCX{4-5}CN and 7 extracellular residues preceding the cysteine box. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. (novusbio.com)
A ligand binds to a Type two receptor, which recruits and trans- phosphorylate a type I receptor. (chemeurope.com)
Taken together, our results provide a view of the ligand-mediated cooperative assembly of BMP and activin receptors that does not rely on receptor-receptor contacts. (rcsb.org)
Unexpectedly, for heterotypic ossification, the receptor required stimulation by the endogenous ligand activin. (sciencemag.org)
This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type II receptor. (wikipedia.org)
Structurally, TGF-β family members share an amino-terminal signal sequence, a long prodomain involved in regulation that is cleaved before secretion but remains associated, and a short biologically active ligand that binds to cell surface receptors. (genetics.org)

type-II receptors are required for binding ligands and expression of type-I receptors. (thefreedictionary.com)
Several ligands that signal through the Activin type II receptors regulate muscle growth [1] . (chemeurope.com)
Both use extracellular ligands and cell surface receptors that are structurally and functionally related, as well as the same intracellular mediators (SMADs 2-4) to transmit these signals. (elsevier.com)
Activin receptors transduce signals carried by the TGF-beta family of ligands. (genecards.org)
Recent findings in the mollusc Crassostrea gigas demonstrate the occurrence of a diversity of TGF-beta signalling components including various ligands, three type I receptors but only a single type II receptor. (mnhn.fr)

This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II receptors. (novusbio.com)
This gene encodes an activin A type IB receptor. (creativebiomart.net)

Immunohistochemistry-Frozen: Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1 Antibody [NBP1-33500] - Frozen sectioned adult mouse retina. (novusbio.com)
Western Blot: Activin RIA/ALK-2/Activin Receptor Type 1 Antibody [NBP1-33500] - Human pancreatic cancer cell lines. (novusbio.com)

ACE-011, a soluble form of the activin receptor type IIA (ActRIIA), is a biologic therapeutic that binds to and prevents signaling of several members of the TGF-beta protein super family, and has been shown to stimulate red blood cell production, promote bone formation, and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. (thefreedictionary.com)
Osteogenic protein-1 binds to activin type II receptors and induces certain activin-like effects. (rupress.org)
Upon subcutaneous administration, abaloparatide acts similar to PTHrP and targets, binds to and activates parathyroid hormone 1 (PTH1) receptor (PTH1R), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in osteoblasts and bone stromal cells. (cancer.gov)
Abarelix directly and competitively binds to and blocks the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor in the anterior pituitary gland, thereby inhibiting the secretion and release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). (cancer.gov)
However, Atr-I binds activin efficiently when coexpressed with the distantly related Drosophila activin receptor Atr-II, with which it forms a heteromeric complex. (asm.org)
Synaptic scaffolding molecule binds to and regulates vasoactive intestinal polypeptide type-1 receptor in epithelial cells. (springer.com)

TGF-beta (zeige TGFB1 Antikörper ) receptor mediated telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening and breast cancer cell senescence. (antikoerper-online.de)
Using adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer, we evaluated the potential to improve skeletal muscle weakness via systemic, postnatal inhibition of either myostatin or all signaling via the activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB). (nih.gov)
Myostatin/activin inhibition, however, did not rescue C/C mice from the reduction in motor unit numbers of the tibialis anterior muscle. (nih.gov)
Collectively, this study indicates that myostatin/activin inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy to increase muscle mass and strength, but not neuromuscular junction defects, in less severe forms of SMA. (nih.gov)
Thus the inhibition of ActRIIB receptor protein results in increased growth of red blood cells and helps to recover anaemic conditions in healthy volunteers as well as in caner or anaemic patients. (alliedacademies.org)
Two compounds ZINC05386901 and ZINC18157167 shows promising results with potent inhibition of the Activin type-II receptor protein of human as well as good pharmacokinetic properties are observed without presence of any toxic effects. (alliedacademies.org)
Some of the known biological effects of activin were observed for OP-1, including growth inhibition and erythroid differentiation induction. (rupress.org)
This prevents tumor-released adenosine from interacting with the A2A receptors, thereby blocking the adenosine/A2AR-mediated inhibition of T-lymphocytes. (cancer.gov)

Activin A transduces its signals via binding to activin type II receptors, ActR-II, and ActR-IIB. (aacrjournals.org)

The type I receptor recruits a receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) which it phosphorylates. (wikipedia.org)
Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. (abcam.com)
After activin binding, type-I receptors phosphorylate cytoplasmic SMAD transcription factors, which then translocate to the nucleus and interact directly with DNA or in complex with other transcription factors, playing roles in cell differentiation, growth arrest and apoptosis. (thefreedictionary.com)
This SMAD complex translocates into the nucleus where it mediates activin-induced transcription. (nih.gov)
Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators, SMAD2 and SMAD3. (abcam.cn)
On their way to the nucleus, the receptor activated SMADs (referred to as R-SMAD) associate with the related protein SMAD4. (aacrjournals.org)
SMAD4 is referred to as the Co-SMAD, and is not a receptor substrate, but its presence is required for many of the gene responses induced by SMADs. (aacrjournals.org)

In this study we investigated the action of RAP-031, a soluble activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) comprised of a form of the ActRIIB extracellular domain linked to a murine Fc, and the NF-κB inhibitor, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), on the whole body strength of mdx mice. (nih.gov)
The Activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the negative regulation of red blood cells and skeletal muscle cells. (alliedacademies.org)

Activin signal transduction is also antagonized by the binding to the receptor of inhibin-B via the IGSF1 inhibin coreceptor. (nih.gov)

Molecular docking simulation based in-silico virtual screening technique is used in current experimental study for developing potent inhibitor molecules for activin receptor type IIB of humans for treatment of anaemia. (alliedacademies.org)
Moreover, follistatin, an inhibitor of activins, was found to inhibit the effects of OP-1, if added at a 10-fold excess. (rupress.org)
In brief, treatment with a novel TGF-beta type I receptor inhibitor, GW788388, significantly reduced TGF-beta activity, leading to the attenuation of systolic dysfunction and left ventricular remodeling in an experimental rat model of MI. (biomedsearch.com)
2013) Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a novel and selective bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMP) inhibitor derived from the pyrazolo[1.5-a]pyrimidine scaffold of dorsomorphin: the discovery of ML347 as an ALK2 versus ALK3 selective MLPCN probe. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
The tumor suppressor function of activin A, together with our findings that activin A is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, which is down-regulated by the N- MYC oncogene, prompted us to investigate in more detail its role in the malignant transformation process of neuroblastomas. (aacrjournals.org)
In this respect, activin A seemed to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis, a property that has not been previously ascribed to this molecule. (aacrjournals.org)

Myostatin, GDF-11/BMP-11, and activin activities were measured by using the pGL3-(CAGA) 12 -luciferase reporter assay in A204 rhabdomyosarcoma cells as described in ref. 12 . (pnas.org)
The purified C-terminal myostatin dimer was capable of binding the activin type II receptors, Act RIIB and, to a lesser extent, Act RIIA. (pnas.org)
Binding of myostatin to Act RIIB could be inhibited by the activin-binding protein follistatin and, at higher concentrations, by the myostatin propeptide. (pnas.org)
Individual muscles of myostatin null mice weigh approximately twice as much as those of wild-type mice as a result of a combination of muscle fiber hyperplasia and hypertrophy. (pnas.org)
Here, we present evidence that myostatin, like TGF-β, may normally exist in vivo in a latent complex with the propeptide (the portion of the precursor protein upstream of the proteolytic processing site) and that on activation, myostatin may signal by binding to activin type II receptors. (pnas.org)

However, certain effects of activin, like induction of follicle stimulating hormone secretion in rat pituitary cells were not observed for OP-1. (rupress.org)
The effects of activin-A on ActRI mRNA levels was blocked by follistatin, an activin binding protein, in a dose-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
The activin-binding protein, follistatin, has been shown to neutralize the effects of activin in several biological systems [24-27]. (nih.gov)
At the doses of 50 and 100 ng/ml, follistatin-288 completely blocked the effects of activin-A on the ActRI mRNA levels (Fig. 5). (nih.gov)

ActRI mRNA levels were increased in a dose-dependent manner by activin-A with the maximal effect observed at the dose of 10 ng/ml.Time course studies revealed that activin-A had maximal effects on ActRI mRNA levels at 6 hours after treatment.In addition, inhibin-A inhibited basal, as well as activin-A-induced ActRI mRNA levels. (nih.gov)
To further examine the role and signaling mechanism of activin in regulating placental function, the steady-state level of activin type I receptor (ActRI) mRNA in immortalized extravillous trophoblasts (IEVT) cells was measured using competitive PCR (cPCR). (nih.gov)
ActRI mRNA levels were increased in a dose-dependent manner by activin-A with the maximal effect observed at the dose of 10 ng/ml. (nih.gov)
Time course studies revealed that activin-A had maximal effects on ActRI mRNA levels at 6 hours after treatment. (nih.gov)
In addition, inhibin-A inhibited basal, as well as activin-A-induced ActRI mRNA levels. (nih.gov)
These findings provide evidence, for the first time, that activin-A modulates ActRI mRNA levels in human trophoblast cells. (nih.gov)
Cells were incubated for 6 hours in the presence or absence of activin-A (10 ng/ml) alone, or activin-A(10 ng/ml) incombination with increasing concentrations of follistatin (10-100 ng/ml). cPCR was performed to obtain ActRI mRNA levels which were then normalized for β-actin mRNA levels measured by PCR. (nih.gov)
To determine the specificity of activin-A action, we examined the effects of increasing concentrations of recombinant human follistatin-288 on activin-A-induced ActRI mRNA levels. (nih.gov)
however, when activin-A and follistatin were added to the culture together, the activin-A-stimulated ActRI mRNA levels were decreased. (nih.gov)
The aim of this study was to characterise, in colon cancer cell lines and in normal and malignant human colon tissues, levels of expression of inhibin subunits that are involved in activin/inhibin dimer formation, and of the type I and II activin receptors (actRI and actRII). (bmj.com)

Sotatercept, a soluble receptor fusion protein comprised of extracellular domain of the human activin receptor type IIA (ActRIIA) fused to human immunoglobulin, is a biologic therapeutic. (thefreedictionary.com)
The results from the oral presentation titled "ACE-011, A Soluble Activin Receptor Type IIA Fusion Protein, Increases BMD and Improves Microarchitecture in Cynomolgus Monkeys" were presented at The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) 29th Annual Meeting held in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, September 16 - 19, 2007. (thefreedictionary.com)

Follistatin also known as activin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene. (wikipedia.org)
Follistatin is part of the inhibin-activin-follistatin axis. (wikipedia.org)
The activin-binding protein follistatin is produced by folliculostellate (FS) cells of the anterior pituitary. (wikipedia.org)
In the tissues activin has a strong role in cellular proliferation, thereby making follistatin the safeguard against uncontrolled cellular proliferation and also allowing it to function as an instrument of cellular differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
In the blood, activin and follistatin are both known to be involved in the inflammatory response following tissue injury or pathogenic incursion. (wikipedia.org)

These results suggest that although MSTN/activin inhibitors increased muscle mass, they may be counterproductive in improving health in patients with T1DM. (ijbs.com)

The heteromeric complexes consisting of type I and type II receptors belonging to the TGFsuperfamily are involved in various signalling processes. (alliedacademies.org)

Pece-Barbara N, Vera S, Kathirkamathamby K, Liebner S, Di Guglielmo GM, Dejana E, Wrana JL, Letarte M. Endoglin null endothelial cells proliferate faster and are more responsive to transforming growth factor beta1 with higher affinity receptors and an activated Alk1 pathway. (sickkids.ca)
The activin signaling pathway is an attractive candidate to fulfill such a role. (elsevier.com)
The activin signaling pathway parallels the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway. (elsevier.com)
We find that Daw initiates an activin signaling pathway via the receptors Punt and Baboon (Babo) and the signal-transducer Smad2. (biologists.org)
The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. (nature.com)

When expressed alone in test cells, Atr-I is unable to bind TGF-beta, activin, or bone morphogenetic protein 2. (asm.org)
Atr-I can also bind activin in concert with mammalian activin type II receptors. (asm.org)

Receptor for activin AB, activin B and NODAL. (abcam.cn)
Lee KL, Lim SK, Orlov YL, Yit le Y, Yang H, Ang LT, Poellinger L, Lim B. Graded Nodal/Activin signaling titrates conversion of quantitative phospho-Smad2 levels into qualitative embryonic stem cell fate decisions. (harvard.edu)

TGFB receptor subfamily. (abcam.com)

Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
Here we report the crystal structure of BMP7 in complex with the extracellular domain (ECD) of the activin type II receptor. (rcsb.org)
The spacing of extracellular cysteines and the cytoplasmic domain of Atr-I resemble most closely those of the recently described mammalian type I receptors for TGF-beta and activin. (asm.org)

Recombinant protein fragment corresponding to a region within amino acids 267 and 509 of Human Activin receptor type IIA (AAH69707). (abcam.com)
Synthetic peptide conjugated to KLH, corresponding to a region within N terminal amino acids 21-50 of Mouse Activin Receptor Type IIA (NP_031422.3). (abcam.cn)

Nevertheless, we find that truncated receptors lacking their cytoplasmic domain retain the ability to cooperatively assemble in the cell membrane. (rcsb.org)
We have previously screened conditioned media from SH-EP007 and WAC2 cells and found that N- MYC overexpression in WAC2 cells down-regulated the expression of activin A, a protein that inhibited proliferation of cultured endothelial cell and angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane assay (7) . (aacrjournals.org)

CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that activin A is overexpressed in human colorectal tumours, especially in stage IV disease, raising the possibility that activin A may have a role in advanced colorectal cancer. (bmj.com)

This report describes the characterization of Cg-ActRII, a new type II receptor displaying homology with vertebrate and Drosophila Activin type II receptors. (mnhn.fr)

Activin-A up-regulates type I activin receptor mRNA levels in human immortalized extravillous trophoblast cells. (nih.gov)
By immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation, activin A and inhibin βA mRNA were present in the mucosal epithelial cells in normal tissues from patients with stage I disease but were either absent or weakly present in normal tissues from patients with stage IV disease. (bmj.com)

Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q13705 (Human Activin receptor type-2B) at the PDBe-KB. (wikipedia.org)
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P27040 (Mouse Activin receptor type-2B) at the PDBe-KB. (wikipedia.org)

Given our observation of its expression in the vasculature of many human tumor types and in circulating ECs from patients with advanced cancers, ALK1 blockade may represent an effective therapeutic opportunity complementary to the current antiangiogenic modalities in the clinic. (aacrjournals.org)
In humans, type 2 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT2), an autosomal dominant vascular dysplasia syndrome, is linked to the loss-of-function mutations of ALK1 ( 7, 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Inactivating mutations in the ALK1 gene cause hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2), a disabling disease characterized by excessive angiogenesis with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). (nature.com)
ENG acts as an auxiliary co-receptor that promotes signalling through ALK1 (ref. 9 ). (nature.com)

This motif is found in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) type I which regulates cell growth and differentiation. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Mutations in this gene are associated with hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2, also known as Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome 2. (nih.gov)
In the lab, it has been shown that truncated mutations in the ACVR2 gene causes a significant reduction in activin mediated cell signaling. (chemeurope.com)
This receptor has an important function in cell development, so heterozygous mutations in this gene are associated with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressive. (moldiag.com)
Members of both pathways have been characterized previously as tumor suppressor genes on the demonstration of inactivating mutations in human neoplasms, e.g., genetic inactivation of the activin type I receptor was reported recently in pancreatic cancer. (elsevier.com)
Here, we present evidence of selection for mutations of the activin A type II receptor (ACVR2) gene during human gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. (elsevier.com)
These mutations are similar to those of the 10-bp polyadenine tract within the TGF-β type II receptor (TGFBR2), a well-characterized target of frameshift mutations in the same neoplasms. (elsevier.com)
Based on these results, we hypothesized that mutations in the type IIB activin receptor gene are associated with some cases of LR axis malformations in humans. (elsevier.com)

Two genes, the noggin (NOG) gene and the activin A type I receptor (ACVRI) gene, are involved in FOP. (unboundmedicine.com)

Activin type IIB receptors are clearly demonstrable throughout the adult human hypothalamus and basal forebrain. (antikoerper-online.de)
Recombinant protein encompassing a sequence within the center region of human Activin A Receptor type I. The exact sequence is proprietary. (novusbio.com)
Jun 2002) " Expression and localization of inhibin alpha, inhibin/activin betaA and betaB and the activin type II and inhibin beta-glycan receptors in the developing human testis " (pdf). (chemeurope.com)
Schmidt-Weber CB, Letarte M, Kunzmann S, Rückert B, Bernabéu C, Blaser K. TGF-{beta} signaling of human T cells is modulated by the ancillary TGF-{beta} receptor endoglin. (sickkids.ca)
Synthetic peptide derived from an internal sequence of Human Activin A Receptor Type IC. (abcam.cn)
ab111121, at a 1/50 dilution, staining Activin A Receptor Type IC in paraffin embedded Human brain tissue by Immunohistochemistry. (abcam.cn)
In addition, activin A/inhibin βA localisation in human colon samples was assessed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. (bmj.com)
It was shown that this gene switch is functional in various cell types and human primary cells, as well as in mice implanted with engineered cells. (nature.com)
Redirected antitumor activity of primary human lymphocytes transduced with a fully human anti-mesothelin chimeric receptor. (nature.com)

Your search returned 57 activin A receptor type 1C ELISA ELISA Kit across 3 suppliers. (biocompare.com)

Soon after their association with the activin receptor and subsequent phosphorylation, SMAD2 and SMAD3 are released into the cytoplasm where they interact with the common partner SMAD4. (nih.gov)

The binding affinity of OP-1 to ActR-II was two- to threefold lower than that of activin A. A transcriptional activation signal was transduced after binding of OP-1 to the complex of ActR-I and ActR-II, or that of BMPR-IB and ActR-II. (rupress.org)

ACVR2 receptors are present in the testis during testicular development [2] . (chemeurope.com)
In addition, a mutation in the ACVR2 gene combined with loss of the wild-type allele was found in a non-MSI pancreatic cancer. (elsevier.com)

A2AR, a G protein-coupled receptor, is highly expressed on the cell surfaces of T-cells and, upon activation by adenosine, inhibits their proliferation and activation. (cancer.gov)

Anatomy4

Organisms4

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of the type I TGF beta receptor in complex with FKBP12. (1/587)

Transforming growth factor-beta induces formation of a dithiothreitol-resistant type I/Type II receptor complex in live cells. (2/587)

Interaction of 5-lipoxygenase with cellular proteins. (3/587)

Dominant-negative Smad2 mutants inhibit activin/Vg1 signaling and disrupt axis formation in Xenopus. (4/587)

A short loop on the ALK-2 and ALK-4 activin receptors regulates signaling specificity but cannot account for all their effects on early Xenopus development. (5/587)

TAKs, thylakoid membrane protein kinases associated with energy transduction. (6/587)

The type I serine/threonine kinase receptor ActRIA (ALK2) is required for gastrulation of the mouse embryo. (7/587)

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-dependent and -independent effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on endochondral bone formation. (8/587)

Activin Receptors, Type II

Activin Receptors

Activins

Activin Receptors, Type I

Myostatin

Inhibins

Inhibin-beta Subunits

Follistatin

Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I

Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta

Receptors, Growth Factor

Smad2 Protein

Receptors, Interleukin-1

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Signal Transduction

RNA, Messenger

Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II

Nodal Protein

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein

Smad Proteins

Cells, Cultured

Interleukin-1

Gene Expression

Molecular Sequence Data

Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor

Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

Mink

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I

Growth Differentiation Factors

Receptors, Cell Surface

Cell Line

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Smad3 Protein

Mesoderm

Smad4 Protein

Sialoglycoproteins

Interferon Type I

Base Sequence

Scavenger Receptors, Class B

Growth Substances

In Situ Hybridization

Immunohistochemistry

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Embryonic Induction

Xenopus Proteins

Collagen Type I

Myositis Ossificans

Receptors, Scavenger

Trans-Activators

Glycoproteins

Xenopus

Cell Differentiation

Amino Acid Sequence

Mice, Knockout

Gene Expression Regulation

Granulosa Cells

Antigens, CD36

Crystal structure of the cytoplasmic domain of the type I TGF beta receptor in complex with FKBP12. (1/587)

Transforming growth factor-beta induces formation of a dithiothreitol-resistant type I/Type II receptor complex in live cells. (2/587)

Interaction of 5-lipoxygenase with cellular proteins. (3/587)

Dominant-negative Smad2 mutants inhibit activin/Vg1 signaling and disrupt axis formation in Xenopus. (4/587)

A short loop on the ALK-2 and ALK-4 activin receptors regulates signaling specificity but cannot account for all their effects on early Xenopus development. (5/587)

TAKs, thylakoid membrane protein kinases associated with energy transduction. (6/587)

The type I serine/threonine kinase receptor ActRIA (ALK2) is required for gastrulation of the mouse embryo. (7/587)

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)-dependent and -independent effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on endochondral bone formation. (8/587)

Association of the porcine transforming growth factor beta type i receptor (TGFBR1) gene with growth and carcass traits<...

Transforming growth factor beta type I receptor acts as a potent tumor suppressor in rat bladder carcinoma. : Carcinogenesis -...

Addgene: pRK5 TGF beta type I receptor (T202D) Flag

Bio2Vec

RCSB PDB - 1PY5: Crystal Structure of TGF-beta receptor I kinase with inhibitor Macromolecule Annotations Page

SB-431542 Is a Potent and Specific Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor-β Superfamily Type I Activin Receptor-Like Kinase ...

Plus it

ACVRL1

Akt Inhibitor A-443654 Interferes with Mitotic Progression

Gene Expression Literature Detail