Activin receptors. Medical search

Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). Activin receptors also bind TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS. They are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES. The major type II activin receptors are ActR-IIA and ActR-IIB.

Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS.

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). There are several type I activin receptors. The major active ones are ALK-2 (ActR-IA) and ALK-4 (ActR-IB).

Glycoproteins that inhibit pituitary FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion. Inhibins are secreted by the Sertoli cells of the testes, the granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles, the placenta, and other tissues. Inhibins and ACTIVINS are modulators of FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretions; both groups belong to the TGF-beta superfamily, as the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA. Inhibins consist of a disulfide-linked heterodimer with a unique alpha linked to either a beta A or a beta B subunit to form inhibin A or inhibin B, respectively

They are glycopeptides and subunits in INHIBINS and ACTIVINS. Inhibins and activins belong to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily.

A broadly distributed protein that binds directly to ACTIVINS. It functions as an activin antagonist, inhibits FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE secretion, regulates CELL DIFFERENTIATION, and plays an important role in embryogenesis. Follistatin is a single glycosylated polypeptide chain of approximately 37-kDa and is not a member of the inhibin family (INHIBINS). Follistatin also binds and neutralizes many members of the TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA family.

Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.

A growth differentiation factor that is a potent inhibitor of SKELETAL MUSCLE growth. It may play a role in the regulation of MYOGENESIS and in muscle maintenance during adulthood.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. It regulates TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and ACTIVIN signaling.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

The founding member of the nodal signaling ligand family of proteins. Nodal protein was originally discovered in the region of the mouse embryo primitive streak referred to as HENSEN'S NODE. It is expressed asymmetrically on the left side in chordates and plays a critical role in the genesis of left-right asymmetry during vertebrate development.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

A family of proteins that are involved in the translocation of signals from TGF-BETA RECEPTORS; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS; and other surface receptors to the CELL NUCLEUS. They were originally identified as a class of proteins that are related to the mothers against decapentaplegic protein, Drosophila and sma proteins from CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A family of BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-related proteins that are primarily involved in regulation of CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The middle germ layer of an embryo derived from three paired mesenchymal aggregates along the neural tube.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I. Activated Smad3 can bind directly to DNA, and it regulates TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA and ACTIVIN signaling.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A signal transducing adaptor protein and tumor suppressor protein. It forms a complex with activated RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS. The complex then translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS and regulates GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of target GENES.

The complex processes of initiating CELL DIFFERENTIATION in the embryo. The precise regulation by cell interactions leads to diversity of cell types and specific pattern of organization (EMBRYOGENESIS).

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

Proteins obtained from various species of Xenopus. Included here are proteins from the African clawed frog (XENOPUS LAEVIS). Many of these proteins have been the subject of scientific investigations in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

An aquatic genus of the family, Pipidae, occurring in Africa and distinguished by having black horny claws on three inner hind toes.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are constitutively active PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that can interact with and phosphorylate TYPE I BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Supporting cells for the developing female gamete in the OVARY. They are derived from the coelomic epithelial cells of the gonadal ridge. Granulosa cells form a single layer around the OOCYTE in the primordial ovarian follicle and advance to form a multilayered cumulus oophorus surrounding the OVUM in the Graafian follicle. The major functions of granulosa cells include the production of steroids and LH receptors (RECEPTORS, LH).

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone. It is a 15-kDa glycopolypeptide. Full biological activity of FSH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. Mutation of the FSHB gene causes delayed puberty, or infertility.

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Goosecoid protein is a homeodomain protein that was first identified in XENOPUS. It is found in the SPEMANN ORGANIZER of VERTEBRATES and plays an important role in neuronal CELL DIFFERENTIATION and ORGANOGENESIS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Activin and TGFbeta limit murine primordial germ cell proliferation. (1/240)

Mammalian primordial germ cells (PGCs) proliferate as they migrate from their initial location in the extraembryonic mesoderm to the genital ridge, the gonadal anlage. Once in the genital ridge, PGCs cease dividing and differentiate according to their gender. To identify ligands that might limit PGC proliferation, we analyzed growth factor receptors encoded in RNA obtained from purified germ cells shortly after their arrival in the genital ridge. Receptors for two members of the TGFbeta superfamily were found, TGFbeta1 and activin. As the signal-transducing domains of both receptor systems are highly conserved, the effects of both TGFbeta1 and activin on PGCs would be expected to be similar. We found that both ligands limited the accumulation of germ cells in primary PGC cultures. BrdU incorporation assays demonstrated that either ligand inhibits PGC proliferation. These results suggest that these signal transduction pathways are important elements of the mechanism that determines germ cell endowment. (+info)

Expression of inhibin/activin subunits and their receptors and binding proteins in human preimplantation embryos. (2/240)

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to study the role of inhibin/activin during embryogenesis. METHODS: Transcripts of inhibin/activin subunits (alpha, beta A, beta B), activin receptors (types I and II), and follistatin were detected by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in human reproductive cells and preembryos cultured alone or co-cultured with human endometrial cells. RESULTS: Transcripts of alpha, beta A, beta B subunits were all detected in granulosa luteal cells, but only beta A units were detected in endometrial stromal and decidualized cells. In human preimplantation embryos, none of these subunits were detected in embryos from the four-cell to the morula stage and only beta A subunits were detectable in blastocyst embryos. Activin receptors were detectable in all of the studied embryos and cells. Transcripts of beta A, activin receptors, and follistatin were differentially expressed in human preimplantation embryos cultured in vitro and their expressions were significantly enhanced with the presence of endometrial stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that there is a possible endometrium-embryo interaction via endometrial activins and preimplantation embryo receptors and that the embryonic expressions of these activins, their receptors, and binding proteins are dependent on embryonic stage. (+info)

Assignment of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta3 and a third new ligand to the type I receptor ALK-1. (3/240)

Germ line mutations in one of two distinct genes, endoglin or ALK-1, cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), an autosomal dominant disorder of localized angiodysplasia. Both genes encode endothelial cell receptors for the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) ligand superfamily. Endoglin has homology to the type III receptor, betaglycan, although its exact role in TGF-beta signaling is unclear. Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK-1) has homology to the type I receptor family, but its ligand and corresponding type II receptor are unknown. In order to identify the ligand and type II receptor for ALK-1 and to investigate the role of endoglin in ALK-1 signaling, we devised a chimeric receptor signaling assay by exchanging the kinase domain of ALK-1 with either the TGF-beta type I receptor or the activin type IB receptor, both of which can activate an inducible PAI-1 promoter. We show that TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3, as well as a third unknown ligand present in serum, can activate chimeric ALK-1. HHT-associated missense mutations in the ALK-1 extracellular domain abrogate signaling. The ALK-1/ligand interaction is mediated by the type II TGF-beta receptor for TGF-beta and most likely through the activin type II or type IIB receptors for the serum ligand. Endoglin is a bifunctional receptor partner since it can bind to ALK-1 as well as to type I TGF-beta receptor. These data suggest that HHT pathogenesis involves disruption of a complex network of positive and negative angiogenic factors, involving TGF-beta, a new unknown ligand, and their corresponding receptors. (+info)

Bone morphogenetic proteins regulate the developmental program of human hematopoietic stem cells. (4/240)

The identification of molecules that regulate human hematopoietic stem cells has focused mainly on cytokines, of which very few are known to act directly on stem cells. Recent studies in lower organisms and the mouse have suggested that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) may play a critical role in the specification of hematopoietic tissue from the mesodermal germ layer. Here we report that BMPs regulate the proliferation and differentiation of highly purified primitive human hematopoietic cells from adult and neonatal sources. Populations of rare CD34(+)CD38(-)Lin- stem cells were isolated from human hematopoietic tissue and were found to express the BMP type I receptors activin-like kinase (ALK)-3 and ALK-6, and their downstream transducers SMAD-1, -4, and -5. Treatment of isolated stem cell populations with soluble BMP-2, -4, and -7 induced dose-dependent changes in proliferation, clonogenicity, cell surface phenotype, and multilineage repopulation capacity after transplantation in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. Similar to transforming growth factor beta, treatment of purified cells with BMP-2 or -7 at high concentrations inhibited proliferation yet maintained the primitive CD34(+)CD38(-) phenotype and repopulation capacity. In contrast, low concentrations of BMP-4 induced proliferation and differentiation of CD34(+) CD38(-)Lin- cells, whereas at higher concentrations BMP-4 extended the length of time that repopulation capacity could be maintained in ex vivo culture, indicating a direct effect on stem cell survival. The discovery that BMPs are capable of regulating repopulating cells provides a new pathway for controlling human stem cell development and a powerful model system for studying the biological mechanism of BMP action using primary human cells. (+info)

A quantitative analysis of signal transduction from activin receptor to nucleus and its relevance to morphogen gradient interpretation. (5/240)

Previous work has shown that Xenopus blastula cells sense activin concentration by assessing the absolute number of occupied receptors per cell (100 and 300 molecules of bound activin activate Xbra and Xgsc transcription, respectively; a difference of only 3-fold). We now ask how quantitative differences in the absolute number of occupied receptors lead to the qualitatively distinct gene responses in the nucleus through SMAD2, a transducer of concentration-dependent gene responses to activin. We show that the injection of 0.2 or 0.6 ng of Smad2 mRNA activates Xbra or Xgsc transcription, respectively, involving, again, only a 3-fold difference. Furthermore, Xbra transcription is down-regulated by overexpression of SMAD2 as it is after activin signaling. We have developed a method to isolate nuclei from animal cap cells and subsequently have quantified the amount of nuclear SMAD2 protein. We find that the injection of 0.2 or 0.6 ng of Smad2 mRNA into an egg leads to only a 3-fold difference in the amount of SMAD2 protein in the nuclei of the blastula cells that express Xbra or Xgsc. We conclude that a 3-fold difference in the absolute number of occupied activin receptors can be maintained only as a 3-fold difference in the level of nuclear SMAD2 protein. Therefore, in this example of morphogen action, there appears to be no amplification of a key cytoplasmic transduction response, and a small but developmentally important change in extracellular signal concentration is relayed directly to the nucleus. (+info)

Activin family members in the developing chick retina: expression patterns, protein distribution, and in vitro effects. (6/240)

We have investigated whether the activin family of growth factors is involved in the regulation of retinal cell differentiation. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization have shown that activin/inhibin subunits alpha, betaA, and betaB; receptors II and IIB; follistatin; and a follistatin-like gene are expressed in different regions of the chick embryo retina in developmentally regulated patterns. When tested in dissociated retinal cultures, activin did not appear to affect cell survival or proliferation, but it exerted marked inhibitory effects on the differentiation of photoreceptors, while stimulating the differentiation of nonphotoreceptor neurons; both effects were concentration-dependent and follistatin-sensitive. The results are consistent with the possibility that activin family members play significant roles in the regulation of retinal development. (+info)

Smad3 inhibits transforming growth factor-beta and activin signaling by competing with Smad4 for FAST-2 binding. (7/240)

Transcriptional regulation by transforming growth factor-beta and activin is mediated by interaction of Smad2 and Smad3 with specific transcription factors and/or DNA elements. However, Smad3 behaves differently from Smad2 in regulating transcription by a winged-helix transcription factor, FAST-2, on an activin-responsive element (ARE) in the Xenopus Mix.2 promoter. Smad3 alone was able to stimulate the ARE through FAST-2, but inhibited the ARE transactivation mediated by Smad2/Smad4 following receptor activation. We characterized the functional domains that are involved in these two activities of Smad3. Deletion of the MH1 domain as well as mutations of four lysine residues in the MH1 domain abrogated the inhibitory activity of Smad3, but did not compromise the self-stimulatory function. In contrast, deletion of the MH2 domain or a point mutation of glycine 379 within this domain obliterated the self-stimulatory activity of Smad3, but not the inhibitory activity. In an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we found that Smad3 was able to associate with the FAST-2.ARE complex and that this association was dependent on FAST-2. In addition, Smad3 was not able to directly bind the ARE in a DNase I protection assay, in which FAST-2 binds the ARE around a motif (TGTGTATT) previously characterized to associate with the human FAST-1 protein. Interestingly, Smad4 was also able to directly associate with the FAST-2.ARE complex through binding with FAST-2. In a gel shift assay, the association of FAST-2 with Smad4 was mutually exclusive from the association with Smad3. Taken together, these data indicate that Smad3 exerts the inhibitory activity by competitive association with FAST-2. (+info)

Human activin-A is expressed in the atherosclerotic lesion and promotes the contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells. (8/240)

Activin is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, and it modulates the proliferation and differentiation of various target cells. In this study, we investigated the role of activin in the initiation and progression of human atherosclerosis. The expression of activin, its physiological inhibitor follistatin, and activin receptors were assayed in human vascular tissue specimens that represented various stages of atherogenesis. In situ hybridization experiments revealed activin mRNA in endothelial cells and macrophages and a strong induction of activin expression in neointimal smooth muscle cells from the early onset of atherogenesis. We developed an "in situ free-activin binding assay" by using biotinylated follistatin, which allowed us to detect bioactive activin at specific sites in atherosclerotic lesions. The mRNAs encoding the activin receptors are expressed similarly in normal and atherosclerotic tissue, which indicates that activin-A signaling in atherogenesis is most likely dependent on changes in growth factor concentrations rather than on receptor levels. In vitro, activin induces the contractile, nonproliferative phenotype in cultured smooth muscle cells, as is reflected by increased expression of smooth muscle-specific markers (SMalpha-actin and SM22alpha). Our data provide evidence that activin induces redifferentiation of neointimal smooth muscle cells, and we hypothesize that activin is involved in plaque stabilization. (+info)

The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger TGF-beta receptor family and modulate signals for transforming growth factor ... inhibin/activin betaA and betaB and the activin type II and inhibin beta-glycan receptors in the developing human testis". ... A ligand binds to a type 2 receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor recruits a ... There are two activin type two receptors: ACVR2A and ACVR2B. Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_type_2_receptors

There are three type I Activin receptors: ACVR1, ACVR1B, and ACVR1C. Each bind to a specific type II receptor-ligand complex. ... A ligand binds to a Type two receptor, which recruits and trans-phosphorylate a type I receptor. The type I receptor recruits a ... The Activin type I receptors transduce signals for a variety of members of the Transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ... This family of cytokines and hormones include activin, Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_type_1_receptors

An Activin receptor is a receptor which binds activin. Types include: Activin type 1 receptors Activin type 2 receptors These ... Activin+receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text from ... Wrana JL, Attisano L, Wieser R, Ventura F, Massague J (1994). "Mechanism of activation of the TGF-beta receptor". Nature. 370 ( ... Massague J, Weis-Garcia F (1996). "Serine/threonine kinase receptors: mediators of transforming growth factor beta family ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_receptor

... is a receptor in the TGF beta signaling pathway. It is also known as activin receptor-like kinase 1, or ALK1. This gene ... "Activin receptor-like kinases: a novel subclass of cell-surface receptors with predicted serine/threonine kinase activity". ... "Identification of human activin and TGF beta type I receptors that form heteromeric kinase complexes with type II receptors". ... "Entrez Gene: ACVRL1 activin A receptor type II-like 1". Olivieri C, Mira E, Delù G, Pagella F, Zambelli A, Malvezzi L, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVRL1

Activin receptor type-2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2B gene. ACVR2B is an activin type 2 receptor. ... This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type ... Schneider-Kolsky ME, Manuelpillai U, Waldron K, Dole A, Wallace EM (2002). "The distribution of activin and activin receptors ... II activin receptor genes during differentiation of human K562 cells and cDNA cloning of the human type IIB activin receptor". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR2B

... is an activin type 2 receptor. This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and ... "Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells". ... "Variations in activin receptor, inhibin/activin subunit and follistatin mRNAs in human prostate tumour tissues". Br. J. Cancer ... "Truncated activin type II receptors inhibit bioactivity by the formation of heteromeric complexes with activin type I. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR2A

Activin A receptor type 2A (ACVR2A) is a transmembrane receptor that is involved in ligand-binding and mediates the functions ... "ACVR2A activin A receptor type 2A [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". Gene. Bock, J B; Klumperman, J; Davanger, S; Scheller ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A(BMPR1A) is expressed almost exclusively in skeletal muscle and is a transcriptional ... Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) plays an essential role in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C19orf18

"Characterization of type I receptors for transforming growth factor-beta and activin". Science. 264 (5155): 101-4. Bibcode: ... kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in ... whereas type I receptors require their respective type II receptors for ligand binding. The BMPR1B receptor plays a role in the ... Receptors, Transmembrane receptors, S/T domain, EC 2.7.11). ... Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B also known as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1B

These receptors are also closely related to the activin receptors, ACVR1 and ACVR2. The ligands of these receptors are members ... kinase receptors: type I receptors of about 50-55 kD and type II receptors of about 70-80 kD. Type II receptors bind ligands in ... "Activin receptor-like kinases: a novel subclass of cell-surface receptors with predicted serine/threonine kinase activity". ... the absence of type I receptors, but they require their respective type I receptors for signaling, whereas type I receptors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMPR1A

2020 scientists reported that suppressing activin type 2 receptors-signalling proteins myostatin and activin A via activin A/ ... A two-week treatment of normal mice with soluble activin type IIB receptor, a molecule that is normally attached to cells and ... Myostatin binds to the activin type II receptor, resulting in a recruitment of either coreceptor Alk-3 or Alk-4. This ... Treating progeric mice with soluble activin receptor type IIB before the onset of premature ageing signs appear to protects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myostatin

... resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which ... Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; also known as ALK-2 (activin ... "Activin receptor-like kinases: a novel subclass of cell-surface receptors with predicted serine/threonine kinase activity". ... and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. Type I and II receptors form a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1

Engelse MA, Arkenbout EK, Pannekoek H, de Vries CJ (November 2003). "Activin and TR3 orphan receptor: two 'atheroprotective' ... The other two members are Nuclear receptor 4A2 (NR4A2) and Nuclear receptor 4A3 (NR4A3). Nuclear receptor 4A1 has a high degree ... The nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1 for "nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1") also known as Nur77, TR3, and NGFI-B is a ... Nuclear receptor 4A1 has the systematic HUGO gene symbol NR4A1. It belongs to a group of three closely related orphan receptors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_receptor_4A1

"Identification and characterization of a PDZ protein that interacts with activin type II receptors". J Biol Chem. 275 (8): 5485 ... 2003). "PKC regulates the delta2 glutamate receptor interaction with S-SCAM/MAGI-2 protein". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301 ... 2001). "beta 1-adrenergic receptor association with the synaptic scaffolding protein membrane-associated guanylate kinase ... inverted-2 (MAGI-2). Differential regulation of receptor internalization by MAGI-2 and PSD-95". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (44): 41310- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGI2

2003). "Inhibin, activin, follistatin, activin receptors and beta-glycan gene expression in the placental tissue of patients ... Mathews LS, Vale WW (1991). "Expression cloning of an activin receptor, a predicted transmembrane serine kinase". Cell. 65 (6 ... 2003). "Activin betaC-subunit heterodimers provide a new mechanism of regulating activin levels in the prostate". Endocrinology ... 2001). "Localization of activin beta(A)-, beta(B)-, and beta(C)-subunits in humanprostate and evidence for formation of new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INHBC

ACVR1 encodes activin receptor type-1, a BMP type-1 receptor. The mutation causes substitution of codon 206 from arginine to ... Normally, the ACVR1 gene encodes the activin receptor type-1 transmembrane kinase that bind BMP receptors (Type I BMPR and Type ... Regeneron announced new insight into the mechanism of disease involving the activation of the ACVR1 receptor by activin A. In ... "ACVR1 R206H receptor mutation causes fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva by imparting responsiveness to activin A". Science ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrodysplasia_ossificans_progressiva

This protein can also be phosphorylated by activin type 1 receptor kinase, and mediates the signal from the activin. ... Lebrun JJ, Takabe K, Chen Y, Vale W (January 1999). "Roles of pathway-specific and inhibitory Smads in activin receptor ... This protein is recruited to the TGF-beta receptors through its interaction with the SMAD anchor for receptor activation (SARA ... O'Neill TJ, Zhu Y, Gustafson TA (April 1997). "Interaction of MAD2 with the carboxyl terminus of the insulin receptor but not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_2

It is a TGFβ type 1 receptor antagonist. It blocks TGFβ1 and activin associating with the receptor, blocking access to SMAD2. ... By occupying type I receptors for Activin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), it also plays a role in negative feedback of ... Lebrun JJ, Takabe K, Chen Y, Vale W (January 1999). "Roles of pathway-specific and inhibitory Smads in activin receptor ... "Smurf1 interacts with transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor through Smad7 and induces receptor degradation". J. Biol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_7

1997). "Inhibin interferes with activin signaling at the level of the activin receptor complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells ... Mathews LS, Vale WW (1991). "Expression cloning of an activin receptor, a predicted transmembrane serine kinase". Cell. 65 (6 ... From these receptors betaglycan (the TGF-β type III receptor) and InhBP/p120 (a membrane-tethered proteoglycan) were identified ... 2001). "Localization of activin beta(A)-, beta(B)-, and beta(C)-subunits in humanprostate and evidence for formation of new ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INHBB

Tan SM, Zhang Y, Connelly KA, Gilbert RE, Kelly DJ (May 2010). "Targeted inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase 5 signaling ... Lho Y, Do JY, Heo JY, Kim AY, Kim SW, Kang SH (April 2021). "Effects of TGF-β1 Receptor Inhibitor GW788388 on the Epithelial to ... GW 788388 is a synthetic compound which acts as a potent and selective inhibitor for TGF beta receptor 1. It has applications ... McMillin M, Grant S, Frampton G, Petrescu AD, Williams E, Jefferson B, DeMorrow S (May 2019). "The TGFβ1 Receptor Antagonist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GW-788,388

"The Interpretation of Position in a Morphogen Gradient as Revealed by Occupancy of Activin Receptors". Cell. 93 (4): 557-568. ... The low receptor occupancy permits increases in receptor occupancy which alter the cell fate, but the high receptor affinity ... Receptors which initiate cell fate transduction cascades, in early embryo development, exhibit a ratchet effect in response to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratchet_effect

2001). "The orphan receptor ALK7 and the Activin receptor ALK4 mediate signaling by Nodal proteins during vertebrate ... The activin A receptor also known as ACVR1C or ALK-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1C gene. ACVR1C is a ... 2006). "Activin receptor-like kinase 7 induces apoptosis through up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Xiap in normal and ... 2004). "Activin receptor-like kinase-7 induces apoptosis through activation of MAPKs in a Smad3-dependent mechanism in hepatoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1C

January 2008). "MicroRNA miR-24 inhibits erythropoiesis by targeting activin type I receptor ALK4". Blood. 111 (2): 588-95. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-24_microRNA_precursor_family

"Determination of type I receptor specificity by the type II receptors for TGF-beta or activin". Science. 262 (5135): 900-2. ... Oh SP, Seki T, Goss KA, Imamura T, Yi Y, Donahoe PK, Li L, Miyazono K, ten Dijke P, Kim S, Li E (March 2000). "Activin receptor ... It can also decrease the expression levels of cytokine receptors, such as the IL-2 receptor to down-regulate the activity of ... Chen W, Wahl SM (2002). "TGF-β: Receptors, Signaling Pathways and Autoimmunity". TGF-beta: receptors, signaling pathways and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta_1

... activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa) is a membrane-bound TGF beta receptor protein of the TGF-beta receptor family ... "Entrez Gene: TGFBR1 transforming growth factor, beta receptor I (activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa)". Razani B, ... "Determination of type I receptor specificity by the type II receptors for TGF-beta or activin". Science. 262 (5135): 900-2. ... Oh SP, Seki T, Goss KA, Imamura T, Yi Y, Donahoe PK, Li L, Miyazono K, ten Dijke P, Kim S, Li E (March 2000). "Activin receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta_receptor_1

BMP influences AV node development through Alk3 receptor (Activin receptor-like kinase 3). Abnormalities seen in BMP and Alk3 ... and Morphology in the Atrioventricular Node of Mice With Atrioventricular Canal-Targeted Deletion of Alk3/Bmpr1a Receptor". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrioventricular_node

Rodgers, B.; Ward, C. (2022). "Myostatin/Activin Receptor Ligands In Muscle And The Development Status Of Attenuating Drugs". ... GDF11 can bind type I TGF-beta superfamily receptors ACVR1B (ALK4), TGFBR1 (ALK5) and ACVR1C (ALK7), but predominantly uses ... This cytokine also inhibits the proliferation of olfactory receptor neural progenitors to regulate the number of neurons in the ... Schneyer AL, Sidis Y, Gulati A, Sun JL, Keutmann H, Krasney PA (September 2008). "Differential antagonism of activin, myostatin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF11

Lambert-Messerlian G, Eklund E, Pinar H, Tantravahi U, Schneyer AL (2007). "Activin subunit and receptor expression in normal ... Walsh S, Metter EJ, Ferrucci L, Roth SM (June 2007). "Activin-type II receptor B (ACVR2B) and follistatin haplotype ... activin complex reveals antagonism of both type I and type II receptor binding". Developmental Cell. 9 (4): 535-543. doi: ... In the blood, activin and follistatin are both known to be involved in the inflammatory response following tissue injury or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follistatin

In the cell surface Dapper2 tightly binds to the active form of the activin type 1 receptors and targets the receptor for ... Activation of the Nodal pathway involves nodal binding to activin and activin-like receptors which leads to phosphorylation of ... The binding of Nodal proteins to activin or activin-like serine/threonine kinase receptors results in the phosphorylation of ... Somehow the reduction of activin receptors would lead to the decrease in activity of different TGFb pathways. Smad proteins are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodal_signaling_pathway

... and activin type II receptors balance BMP9 signals mediated by activin receptor-like kinase-1 in human pulmonary artery ... The physiological receptor of GDF2 is activin receptor-like kinase 1, ALK1 (also called ACVRL1), an endothelial-specific type I ... also known has Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1), and the other type II receptors BMPRII and ActRIIA. GDF2 and BMP10 are the ... Endoglin, a type I membrane glycoprotein that forms the TGF-beta receptor complex, is a co-receptor of ALK1 for GDF2/BMP-9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF2

Feijen A, Goumans MJ, van den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ (December 1994). "Expression of activin subunits, activin receptors and ... Feijen A, Goumans MJ, van den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ (December 1994). "Expression of activin subunits, activin receptors and ... TGF-β family receptors most commonly use the Smad signaling pathway to tranduce signals. Type 2 receptors are responsible for ... TGF-β receptors induce the MAPK signaling pathways of ERK, JNK and p38. BMP4 is also known to activate the ERK, JNK and p38 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_morphogenetic_protein_4

The downstream effectors of TGF-β are the Smad receptors (also known as receptor-activated Smads). Smad2 and Smad3 are ... and activin are involved in regulating important cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and ... HSCs secrete angiopoietin, and its receptor molecule Tie2 has been implicated in angiogenesis of tumors in both humans and mice ... the presence of EVI1 in cancer has not been linked to aberrant production of any hormones or hormone receptors. It is likely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MECOM

FSH enhances the production of androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells of the testes by binding to FSH receptors on their ... and enhanced by activin. FSH regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive processes of the human ... This presents possible use of FSH and FSH-receptor antagonists as an anti-tumor angiogenesis therapy (cf. avastin for current ... Eventually, the FSH level becomes so high that downregulation of FSH receptors occurs and by postmenopause any remaining small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicle-stimulating_hormone

October 2005). "Modulation of androgen receptor transactivation by FoxH1. A newly identified androgen receptor corepressor". ... Zhou S, Zawel L, Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (July 1998). "Characterization of human FAST-1, a TGF beta and activin ... FOXH1 encodes a human homolog of Xenopus forkhead activin signal transducer-1. FOXH1 protein binds SMAD2 and activates an ... "Smad4 and FAST-1 in the assembly of activin-responsive factor". Nature. 389 (6646): 85-89. Bibcode:1997Natur.389...85C. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOXH1

... has been shown to interact with its receptors corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRFR1 ... and activin A". Steroids. 68 (10-13): 801-807. doi:10.1016/S0039-128X(03)00137-5. PMID 14667971. S2CID 20953018. Vamvakopoulos ... "Localization of ligand-binding domains of human corticotropin-releasing factor receptor: a chimeric receptor approach". ... A CRH1 receptor antagonist developed by Pfizer, CP-154,526 is under investigation for the potential treatment of alcoholism. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corticotropin-releasing_hormone

Activin and Nodal ligands bind to their receptors and activate Smads that bind to DNA and promote gene transcription. Activin ... Therefore, there are four main transmembrane receptor types: G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), tyrosine kinase receptors ( ... PAR1 and PAR4 receptors), platelet-derived thromboxane A2 (TxA2) (TP receptor) and ADP (P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors) that is ... So, ZP3 can activate G protein coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors, that leads to production of PLC. PLC cleaves ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

... such as the activin type 2 receptor; and bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA. Other LU domain proteins are small ... "Three-finger toxin fold for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor serine kinase". Nature ... Other receptors with LU domains include members of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta) superfamily, ... such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, and acetylcholinesterase. Another large ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-finger_protein

... such as the activin type 2 receptor; and bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA. Other LU domain proteins are small ... Besides uPAR, other receptors with LU domains include members of the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta) ... "Three-finger toxin fold for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the type II activin receptor serine kinase". Nature ... Behrendt N, Ploug M, Patthy L, Houen G, Blasi F, Danø K (April 1991). "The ligand-binding domain of the cell surface receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_domain

... is a recombinant fusion protein derived from human activin receptor type IIb (ActRIIb) linked to a protein derived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luspatercept

Lee, JH; Park, JW; Kim, SW; Park, J; Park, TS (15 December 2017). "C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a key receptor ... that are cultured for two days in the presence of FGF and Activin-A to adopt an epiblast-like state. These cells are then ... the PGCs express two CXCR4 transmembrane receptor proteins. The signaling system involving this protein and its ligand, Sdf1, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germline_development

2001). "The orphan receptor ALK7 and the Activin receptor ALK4 mediate signaling by Nodal proteins during vertebrate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teratocarcinoma-derived_growth_factor_1

... has been shown to interact with TGF beta receptor 1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000168522 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... 1996). "The p21(RAS) farnesyltransferase alpha subunit in TGF-beta and activin signaling". Science. 271 (5252): 1120-2. Bibcode ... 1996). "Interaction of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor with farnesyl-protein transferase-alpha". J. Biol. ... "Interaction of the transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor with farnesyl-protein transferase-alpha". J. Biol. Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNTA

Genes such as activin ß-A, which encodes a subunit of activin A, are up-regulated during early stage LTP. The activin molecule ... In a dynamic process that is maintained in equilibrium, N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) and AMPA receptors are ... Insertion or removal of post-synaptic AMPA receptors. Phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation inducing a change in AMPA receptor ... These activated protein kinases serve to phosphorylate post-synaptic excitatory receptors (e.g. AMPA receptors), improving ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_plasticity

NKX2.1 can be induced by activin A via SMAD2 signaling in a human embryonic stem cell differentiation model. NKX2.1 is key to ... Yan C, Naltner A, Conkright J, Ghaffari M (June 2001). "Protein-protein interaction of retinoic acid receptor alpha and thyroid ... Naltner A, Wert S, Whitsett JA, Yan C (December 2000). "Temporal/spatial expression of nuclear receptor coactivators in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NK2_homeobox_1

AMH binds to its Type 2 receptor AMHR2, which phosphorylates a type I receptor under the TGF beta signaling pathway. In male ... and activin A in follicular fluid in IVF/ICSI patients for assessing the maturation and developmental potential of oocytes". ... anti-Müllerian hormone receptors). The best-known and most specific effect, mediated through the AMH type II receptors, ... Functional AMH receptors have also been found to be expressed in neurons in the brains of embryonic mice, and are thought to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Müllerian_hormone

TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRs), T-cell receptor (TCR), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and TGF beta receptor (TGFβR ... September 2003). "A role for MEK kinase 1 in TGF-beta/activin-induced epithelium movement and embryonic eyelid closure". The ... April 1998). "hUBC9 associates with MEKK1 and type I TNF-alpha receptor and stimulates NFkappaB activity". FEBS Letters. 425 (3 ... September 2006). "Key function for the Ubc13 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in immune receptor signaling". Nature Immunology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAP3K1

The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological ... NPP is or has been marketed under a variety of brand names including Durabolin, Fenobolin, Activin, Deca-Durabolin, Evabolin, ... As such, it is an androgen and anabolic steroid, or an agonist of the androgen receptor, the biological target of androgens ... 25-. ISBN 978-1-59259-388-0. Gao W, Bohl CE, Dalton JT (2005). "Chemistry and structural biology of androgen receptor". Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandrolone_phenylpropionate

BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis), also known as BAMBI, is a protein which in humans is encoded ... This gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein related to the type I receptors of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta ... "Entrez Gene: BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis)". Degen WG, Weterman MA, van Groningen JJ, ... 2008). "The pseudoreceptor BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor positively modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling". J. Biol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAMBI

In mammals there are seven known type I receptors and five type II receptors. There are three activins: Activin A, Activin B ... It can then either form a receptor complex with activin A receptor, type IB (ACVR1B) or with activin A receptor, type IC ( ... They bind to TGF-beta receptor type-2 (TGFBR2). Nodal binds to activin A receptor, type IIB ACVR2B. ... The type II receptor is a serine/threonine receptor kinase, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of the Type I receptor. Each ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta_signaling_pathway

Tsai ZY, Singh S, Yu SL, Kao LP, Chen BZ, Ho BC, Yang PC, Li SS (Jan 2010). "Identification of microRNAs regulated by activin A ... "Functional SNP in the microRNA-367 binding site in the 3'UTR of the calcium channel ryanodine receptor gene 3 (RYR3) affects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-367_microRNA_precursor_family

Crypto is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored co-receptor that binds nodal and the activin type I ActRIB (ALK)-4 receptor ( ... In the Nodal signaling pathway of embryonic development, Cripto has been shown to have dual function as a co-receptor as well ... Cryptic family protein 1B acts as a receptor for the TGF beta signaling pathway. It has been associated with the translation of ... EGF-CFC proteins' composition as a receptor complex is further solidified by the GPI linkage, making the cell membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cripto

The cause of the disease was traced to a single mutation in the activin A receptor, type I gene. Once the cause of the disease ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ... "A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Shore

Activin Type IIB Receptor. pfam01064. Location:41 → 110. Activin_recp; Activin types I and II receptor domain. ... Activin Type IIB Receptor. pfam01064. Location:47 → 116. Activin_recp; Activin types I and II receptor domain. ... Activin Type IIB Receptor. pfam01064. Location:48 → 138. Activin_recp; Activin types I and II receptor domain. ... activin receptor type-2B. Names. activin A receptor, type IIB. NP_001097.2. *EC 2.7.11.30 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/93

One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALKS). There are several type I activin receptors ... "Activin Receptors, Type I" by people in this website by year, and whether "Activin Receptors, Type I" was a major or minor ... Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta [D12.776.543.750.750.400.820]. *Activin Receptors [D12.776.543.750.750.400.820.500] ... In the absence of type III receptor, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta type II-B receptor requires the type I receptor ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/124862

Inhibition of the Activin Receptor Type-2B Pathway Restores Regenerative Capacity in Satellite Cell-Depleted Skeletal Muscle. ... Treatment of these mice with an Activin receptor type-2B (AcvR2B) pathway blocker reverses muscle fiber atrophy as expected, ...

https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/inhibition-of-the-activin-receptor-type-2b-pathway-restores-regenerative-capacity-in-satellite-cell-depleted-skeletal-muscle/

Activin receptor-like kinase 1 ligand trap reduces microvascular density and improves chemotherapy efficiency to various solid ... Activin receptor-like kinase 1 ligand trap reduces microvascular density and improves chemotherapy efficiency to various solid ...

https://repub.eur.nl/pub/83293

ACVR1: activin A receptor type 1. *ACVRL1: activin A receptor like type 1 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene

Activin Receptor Type 1 (Activin Receptor Like Kinase 2 or Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase Receptor R1 or TGF B Superfamily ... Receptor Type I or ALK2 or ACVR1 or EC 2.7.11.30) - Pipeline Review, H1 2018 * Drug Pipelines ...

https://www.researchandmarkets.com/companies/biocryst-pharmaceuticals-inc?p=5

Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of which contain a ... N2 - Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of which ... AB - Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of which ... abstract = "Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of ...

https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-role-of-activin-type-i-receptors-in-activin-a-induced-growth-

Mutations in the activin receptor-like kinase 1 gene in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2. Nat Genet. 1996 Jun. 13 ... Identification of BMP9 and BMP10 as functional activators of the orphan activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) in endothelial ... found on chromosome 9 and the activin receptorlike kinase type I (ALK-1) gene (ALK1) found on chromosome 12. These tests should ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/2048472-94098/what-is-the-role-of-ultrasonography-and-contrast-echocardiography-in-the-diagnosis-of-osler-weber-rendu-disease-owrd-hereditary-hemorrhagic-telangiectasia-hht

Identification of a novel mutation in activin receptor type 1 (ACVR1) in a fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) patient ... Identification of a novel mutation in activin receptor type 1 (ACVR1) in a fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) patient ...

https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/109299

An Activin Receptor IA/Activin-Like Kinase-2 (R206H) Mutation in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Case Rep Genet. 2013. ... A novel mutation in the activin A type 1 receptor gene was described in one patient. [10] Analysis showed that the patient was ... which encodes a type I BMP transmembrane receptor. A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and ... A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Nat ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1112501-overview

activin receptor, tgfr... If I look for a PDP structure of these proteins, I always found the crystal structure of them. If you ... activin receptor, tgfr... If I look for a PDP structure of these proteins, I always found the crystal structure of them (and ... Sctructures of tgfbR2 and activin_receptorII are already known so I suppose the second one is being designed de novo (probably ...

https://boinc.bakerlab.org/rosetta/forum_thread.php?id=14144&postid=98408

Pathogenic ACVR1R206H activation by Activin A-induced receptor clustering and autophosphorylation. Authors (12)*Anassuya ...

https://www.crick.ac.uk/research/publications?f%5B0%5D=journal_latest_pub%3A1224&f%5B1%5D=topic%3A24&f%5B2%5D=year_published_latest_pub%3A2021

activin A receptor, type II-like 1; targeted mutation 1, Deltagen. MGI ID: MGI:3604490. ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/allele/MGI:3604490

A modified activin type IIB receptor inhibiting signaling induced by some members of the TGF-β superfamily promotes maturation ... Modified activin receptor IIB ligand trap mitigates ineffective erythropoiesis and disease complications in murine β- ... Activins, members of TGF-β family signaling, are key regulators of human hematopoiesis and modulate various cellular responses ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/gim2016173?error=cookies_not_supported&code=562a06f9-5f16-4e80-9466-584939d4d29d

activin A receptor type 1B. ISO. RGD. PMID:33880365. RGD:151665493. NCBI chr 7:132,286,266...132,329,679 Ensembl chr 7: ... Eph receptor A7. ISO. CTD Direct Evidence: marker/mechanism. CTD. PMID:22941188. NCBI chr 5:42,975,353...43,128,703 Ensembl chr ... glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 3. ISO. CTD Direct Evidence: marker/mechanism. CTD. PMID:22941189. NCBI chr ... KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase. ISO. CTD Direct Evidence: marker/mechanism. CTD. PMID:15499612. NCBI chr14: ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/ontology/annot.html?species=Rat&acc_id=DOID:5409

Activin A receptor type 2B. 0.7626. 12. GDPD2. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 2. 0.7437. 5. ...

http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000099954-CECR2/cell+line

... the Activin type I receptor. We found that overexpression of stromal-derived Activin A inhibited invasion of esophageal ... The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Activin A signaling in ESCC. To investigate the role Activin A plays ... in the context of fibroblast-secreted Activin A, to identify the effects of Activin A on cell invasion and determine protein ... In recent years, the ligand Activin A has been implicated as a player in the progression of a number of cancers. ...

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-016-2920-y

Inhibition of activin receptor signaling promotes neuralization in Xenopus. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase Hensey, Programmed cell ... Cellular interpretation of multiple TGF-beta signals: intracellular antagonism between activin/BVg1 and BMP-2/4 signaling ...

https://www.xenbase.org/entry/literature/article.do?method=display&articleId=38747

UActivin receptor type-1. Not Available. Humans. UPeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A. Not Available. Humans. ... Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which auto.... Gene Name. ACVR1. Uniprot ID. Q04771. Uniprot Name ... Transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Specific Function. On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex ... Keeps in an inactive conformation TGFBR1, the TGF-beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, preventing TGF-beta receptor ...

https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB08597

Activin receptor IIB competitors such as: *Decoy activin receptors (e.g. ACE-031) ... Anti-activin receptor IIB antibodies (e.g. bimagrumab). *Myostatin inhibitors such as: *Agents reducing or ablating myostatin ... Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ) agonists, e.g. 2-(2-methyl-4-((4-methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) ... Selective androgen receptor modulators [SARMs, e.g. andarine, LGD-4033 (ligan- drol)enobosarm (ostarine) and RAD140] ...

https://www.wada-ama.org/en/prohibited-list

MicroRNA 376c enhances ovarian cancer cell survival by targeting activin receptor-like kinase 7: Implications for ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/8/3/31/htm

Crystal structure of Activin receptor type II kinase domain from human. 2rio. Structure of the dual enzyme Ire1 reveals the ... TGF-beta Receptor type 1 in complex with SB431542. 3uim. Structural basis for the impact of phosphorylation on plant receptor- ... Crystal structure of Activin receptor type-IIA (ACVR2A) kinase domain in complex with a beta-carboline inhibitor. ... Crystal structure of Activin receptor type-IIA (ACVR2A) kinase domain in complex with a quinazolin. ...

http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=STYKc&BLAST=DUMMY

... activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor] and TGF-Beta/Smad signaling pathway in CNT-induced collagen production in human ... In this study, we investigated the activation of transforming growth factor-beta receptor-1 [TGF-Beta R1; i.e., ... Identification of TGF-beta receptor-1 as a key regulator of carbon nanotube-induced fibrogenesis. ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=respiratory&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=161&RecNo=1605&View=f&

Mutation Detection in Activin A Receptor, Type I (ACVR1) Gene in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva in An Iranian Family ... The mutation c.617G,A in the Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) gene was found in all previously reported patients with FOP. ... An agonist of this receptor (GCS) decreases the cytotoxcity of MDMA, while the antagonist of this receptor (SCH) increases its ... The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nu- clear receptor proteins whose functions as ...

https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Cell-Journal-2228-5806

ACVR1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; also known as ALK-2 (activin receptor-like kinase-2); ... Inhibits signals along 3 pathways - Janus kinase (JAK) 1, JAK2, and activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1) ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/momelotinib-4000329

Activin Receptor Type IA+Activin (1). * BMP4+VEGF Receptor 2+VEGF Receptor 1+TGF beta Receptor I+AMPK alpha 1+AMPK alpha 2+ ... BMP4+VEGF Receptor 2+TGF beta Receptor I+BMPR1A+BMPR1B+BMPR2+ALK-1+ ...

https://www.abcam.com/products?selected.researchAreas=Developmental+Biology--Organogenesis--Excretory+system+development

Endoglin and activin receptor-like-kinase 1 are co-expressed in the distal vessels of the lung: implications for two familial ...

https://www.ncl.ac.uk/medical-sciences/people/profile/gillianborthwick.html

activin A receptor type 2-like kinase. Search COPE: BNIP similar. see: BNIPS. ...

http://www.copewithcytokines.org/cope.cgi?key=BNIP%20similar

... and let-7b may target the Activin receptor I and Smad 2/3 genes in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. The expression level of 5 ... Further analysis showed that miR-143 was predicted to bind to the target sequences of Frizzled-6 and -3 receptor genes in the ... C, D) Activin receptor I (AR type I) and Smad 2/3 were predicted as potential targets of let-7b. ... may target the Activin receptor I and Smad 2/3 genes in the TGF-beta signaling pathway (Figure 6C and D), and affect mammalian ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-14-157

Sotatercept is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the human activin receptor type IIA ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04896008

Activins transduce their signals by binding to activin type I receptors and activin type II receptors, both of which contain a serine/threonine kinase domain. (elsevier.com)
Over-expression of ActRI suppressed activin A-induced cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase caused by inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation through induction of p21(CIP1/WAF1), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and subsequent apoptosis. (elsevier.com)
At specific centers and laboratories, genetic tests are available for various mutations in the endoglin gene ( ENG ) found on chromosome 9 and the activin receptorlike kinase type I (ALK-1) gene ( ALK1 ) found on chromosome 12. (medscape.com)
Structure of the FGF receptor tyrosine kinase domain reveals a novel autoinhibitory mechanism. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The crystal structure of the tyrosine kinase domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1K) has been determined in its unliganded form to 2.0 angstroms resolution and in complex with with an ATP analog to 2.3 angstrosms A resolution. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Several features distinguish the structure of FGFR1K from that of the tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Finally, the structure provides a basis for rationalizing the effects of kinase mutations in FGF receptors that lead to developmental disorders in nematodes and humans. (embl-heidelberg.de)
In mammals, they bind to the GDNF family receptor α (Gfrα) and signal through the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase. (sdbonline.org)
Therefore, a mouse model was developed with a genetics-based approach that conditionally deleted the causative activin receptor-like kinase 1 ( Acvrl1 or Alk1 ) gene. (thejns.org)
i.e., activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) receptor] and TGF-Beta/Smad signaling pathway in CNT-induced collagen production in human lung fibroblasts. (cdc.gov)
Taken from the article 'Targeting tumour vasculature by inhibiting activing receptor-like kinase (ALK)1 function' by de Vinuesa et al. (portlandpress.com)
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 and BMP10 are high affinity ligands for activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), a type I BMP receptor mainly expressed on vascular endothelial cells (ECs). (portlandpress.com)
M4K2163 is a potent and selective activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2) inhibitor (IC 50 values are 19 nM in vivo and 98 nM in vitro ). (tocris.com)
Activins initiate cellular signal transduction by first binding to the type II receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II ) which then recruit and phosphorylate the type I receptors (ACTIVIN RECEPTORS, TYPE I ) with subsequent activation of the type I kinase activity. (bvsalud.org)

Further analysis showed that miR-143 was predicted to bind to the target sequences of Frizzled-6 and -3 receptor genes in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and let-7b may target the Activin receptor I and Smad 2/3 genes in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
A schematic representation of TGF-β and BMP9 signalling in endothelial cells via their serine/threonine type I and type II receptors, co-receptor endoglin and downstream Smad intracellular proteins. (portlandpress.com)
A study by deKruijf and colleagues [ 8 ] showed that high levels of TGF-β receptor expression in conjunction with Smad expression conferred an unfavorable prognosis after breast cancer diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
One study has shown that BMP-Smad activation is involved in the progression of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers specifically [ 13 ]. (cdc.gov)

These receptors are all transmembrane proteins, composed of a ligand-binding extracellular domain with cysteine-rich region, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain with predicted serine/threonine specificity. (nih.gov)
Type I and II receptors form a stable complex after ligand binding, resulting in phosphorylation of type I receptors by type II receptors. (nih.gov)
This gene encodes activin A type IIB receptor, which displays a 3- to 4-fold higher affinity for the ligand than activin A type II receptor. (nih.gov)
In recent years, the ligand Activin A has been implicated as a player in the progression of a number of cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
Predicated on series homology, ligand framework or receptor function, GPCRs are categorized into several hundred subfamilies. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

In the absence of type III receptor, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta type II-B receptor requires the type I receptor to bind TGF-beta2. (umassmed.edu)
A recurrent mutation in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 causes inherited and sporadic fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. (medscape.com)
Analysis of ESCC patient samples indicated that patients with high stromal Activin A expression had low epithelial ACVRIB, the Activin type I receptor. (biomedcentral.com)

Activin A and Acvr2b mRNA from Umbilical Cord Blood Are Not Reliable Markers of Mild or Moderate Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. (nih.gov)
Treatment of these mice with an Activin receptor type-2B (AcvR2B) pathway blocker reverses muscle fiber atrophy as expected, but also restores regenerative potential of the remaining satellite cells. (pasteur.fr)

The BMPR2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2. (medlineplus.gov)
The genetic cause of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lies within the ACVR1 gene, which encodes a type I BMP transmembrane receptor. (medscape.com)
A novel mutation in the activin A type 1 receptor gene was described in one patient. (medscape.com)
Genetic association of the activin A receptor gene (ACVR2A) and pre-eclampsia. (cdc.gov)

Activins signal through a heteromeric complex of receptor serine kinases which include at least two type I (I and IB) and two type II (II and IIB) receptors. (nih.gov)
Type II receptors are considered to be constitutively active kinases. (nih.gov)
One of the two types of ACTIVIN RECEPTORS or activin receptor-like kinases (ALK'S). (umassmed.edu)
Residues in the activation loop of FGFR1K appear to interfere with substrate peptide binding but not with ATP binding, revealing a second and perhaps more general autoinhibitory mechanism for receptor tyrosine kinases. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Receptors for ACTIVINS are membrane protein kinases belonging to the family of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES, thus also named activin receptor-like kinases (ALK's). (bvsalud.org)
As those transmembrane receptors of the TGF-beta superfamily (RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA), ALK's consist of two different but related protein kinases, Type I and Type II. (bvsalud.org)

Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. (nih.gov)

Furthermore, inhibition of TGF-β I receptor activity by SB431542 or inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation by SIS3 blocked TGF-β2 stimulated ECM expression as well as activation of downstream canonical pathway signaling molecules. (molvis.org)
Several genetic mutations in the genes encoding the ligands and receptors of this pathway have been reported in two cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). (portlandpress.com)
ACVR2A promoter polymorphism rs1424954 in the Activin-A signaling pathway in trophoblasts. (cdc.gov)

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 spans the cell membrane, so that one end of the protein is on the outer surface of the cell and the other end remains inside the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
About half of the mutations involved in this condition disrupt the assembly of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, reducing the amount of this protein in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Other mutations prevent bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 from reaching the cell surface or alter its structure so it cannot receive or transmit signals. (medlineplus.gov)
We utilized three-dimensional organotypic reconstruct cultures of dysplastic and esophageal squamous tumor cells lines, in the context of fibroblast-secreted Activin A, to identify the effects of Activin A on cell invasion and determine protein expression and localization in epithelial and stromal compartments by immunofluorescence. (biomedcentral.com)
Sotatercept is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of the human activin receptor type IIA linked to the Fc piece of human IgG1. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Researchers from the University of Jyväskylä in Finland have found that continued treatment of muscle wasting with a soluble growth factor receptor protein, produced at the University of Helsinki, improved survival in a pre-clinical cancer model without affecting the tumor size. (news-medical.net)
Intestine farnesoid X receptor agonist and the gut microbiota activate G-protein bile acid receptor-1 signaling to improve metabolism. (omeka.net)
Bile acids activate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 (aka Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 [TGR5]) to regulate bile acid metabolism and glucose and insulin sensitivity. (omeka.net)
Introduction G-protein combined receptors (GPCRs), known as seven-transmembrane (7TM) site receptors also, although diverse functionally, constitute the biggest integral membrane proteins family members in the human being genome [1]C[3]. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

Activin B, like certain other members of the TGF-β family, signals through the ActRII receptor (Activin Receptor type II). (sbhsciences.com)

These receptors are essential in human beings physiologically, taking part in the rules of all of our physiological activities such as for example neurotransmission, enzyme launch, inflammation or chemotaxis, aswell as our feeling of vision, taste and smell, by sensing endogenous or environmental stimuli through binding suitable ligands and AZD-3965 IC50 transducing related sign into cells typically through combined heterotrimeric G proteins. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

In this study, we established stable transfectants expressing two types of activin receptors, ActRI and ActRIB, to clarify the role of these receptors in activin signalling for growth inhibition in HS-72 mouse B-cell hybridoma cells. (elsevier.com)

It seems that circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, physical activity, or hepatic and splenic physiology, which were all altered in cancer, may not be determining factors for improved survival with the soluble growth factor receptor, more specifically soluble activin receptor 2B. (news-medical.net)
Blockade of VEGF function via soluble decoy receptors suppressed tumor development, inhibited tumor angiogenesis, and blocked tumor cell proliferation. (perkinelmer.com)

Activin Receptors, Type I" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)

Human Activin B is a 26.0 kDa disulfide-linked homodimer consisting of two βB chains, each containing 115 amino acid residues. (sbhsciences.com)

In contrast, HS-72 clones that over-expressed ActRIB significantly facilitated activin A-induced apoptosis. (elsevier.com)

Endothelial tube formation was disrupted in the presence of conditioned media from fibroblasts overexpressing Activin A. Interestingly, ACVRIB-negative TE-11 cells did not show the prior observed effects in the context of Activin A overexpression, indicating a dependence on the presence of ACVRIB. (biomedcentral.com)

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) comprise a functionally specific GPCR subfamily involved with leukocyte chemotaxis and activation. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

In addition, a dimeric form of FGFR1K observed in the crystal structure may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which FGF receptors are activated. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Activin receptors also bind TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA . (bvsalud.org)

Activin-B is a TGF-beta family member that exhibits a wide range of biological activities including regulation of embryogenesis, osteogenesis, hematopoiesis, reproductive physiology and hormone secretion from the hypothalamic, pituitary and gonadal glands. (sbhsciences.com)

To identify the functional consequences of stromal-derived Activin A on angiogenesis, we performed endothelial tube formation assays. (biomedcentral.com)

We describe the first observation of an inhibitory role for Activin A in ESCC progression that is dependent on the expression of ACVRIB. (biomedcentral.com)

We found that overexpression of stromal-derived Activin A inhibited invasion of esophageal dysplastic squamous cells, ECdnT, and TE-2 ESCC cells, both positive for ACVRIB. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, human being FPR expression continues to be observed in several distinct cells and cell types ([6]C[7] and sources therein), indicating a much broad distribution of the receptors and their significant role in vivo physiologically. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

Expression of the PDGF-alpha-receptor 1.5 kb transcript, OCT4, and c-KIT in human normal and malignant tissues. (eur.nl)
Reconstituted Human Activin-B should be stored in working aliquots at -80 0 C. (sbhsciences.com)
These receptors could also impact the function and manifestation of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human being monocytes, two main GPCR chemokine coreceptors of human being immunodeficiency pathogen type 1 (HIV-1) [14], [15]. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)

however, similar to TGFβ, Activin A can act as a tumor promoter or suppressor in different contexts. (biomedcentral.com)

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Activin A signaling in ESCC. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate the role Activin A plays in ESCC biology, tissue microarrays containing 200 cores from 120 ESCC patients were analyzed upon immunofluorescence staining. (biomedcentral.com)
The fertility defects that were describe in DmGfrl null flies suggest that GDNF receptor-like has an evolutionarily ancient role in regulating male fertility and a previously unrecognized role in regulating oogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
The GIP receptor in the central nervous system plays a crucial role in the regulation of body weight and food intake. (brightsurf.com)

Are thyroid hormone receptors good or bad for you? (endocrine-abstracts.org)

and type II receptors are required for binding ligands and for expression of type I receptors. (nih.gov)
Moreover, high serum levels and high levels of expression of TGF-β and its receptors have been linked to breast cancer prognosis [ 9 ] and presence of phosphorylated-Smad2 has been associated with positive node status [ 10 ]. (cdc.gov)

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Activin and TGFbeta limit murine primordial germ cell proliferation. (1/240)

Expression of inhibin/activin subunits and their receptors and binding proteins in human preimplantation embryos. (2/240)

Assignment of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta3 and a third new ligand to the type I receptor ALK-1. (3/240)

Bone morphogenetic proteins regulate the developmental program of human hematopoietic stem cells. (4/240)

A quantitative analysis of signal transduction from activin receptor to nucleus and its relevance to morphogen gradient interpretation. (5/240)

Activin family members in the developing chick retina: expression patterns, protein distribution, and in vitro effects. (6/240)

Smad3 inhibits transforming growth factor-beta and activin signaling by competing with Smad4 for FAST-2 binding. (7/240)

Human activin-A is expressed in the atherosclerotic lesion and promotes the contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells. (8/240)

Activin Receptors

Activin Receptors, Type II

Activins

Activin Receptors, Type I

Inhibins

Inhibin-beta Subunits

Follistatin

Receptors, Growth Factor

Myostatin

Smad2 Protein

Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta

Nodal Protein

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Smad Proteins

Signal Transduction

Growth Differentiation Factors

RNA, Messenger

Mesoderm

Smad3 Protein

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I

Smad4 Protein

Embryonic Induction

Growth Substances

Xenopus Proteins

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Myositis Ossificans

In Situ Hybridization

Xenopus

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II

Glycoproteins

Gene Expression

Trans-Activators

Granulosa Cells

Cell Differentiation

Molecular Sequence Data

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Ovary

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

DNA-Binding Proteins

Body Patterning

Amino Acid Sequence

Cell Line

Follicle Stimulating Hormone, beta Subunit

Proteoglycans

Immunohistochemistry

Goosecoid Protein

Cells, Cultured

Base Sequence

Receptors, Cell Surface

Activin and TGFbeta limit murine primordial germ cell proliferation. (1/240)

Expression of inhibin/activin subunits and their receptors and binding proteins in human preimplantation embryos. (2/240)

Assignment of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta3 and a third new ligand to the type I receptor ALK-1. (3/240)

Bone morphogenetic proteins regulate the developmental program of human hematopoietic stem cells. (4/240)

A quantitative analysis of signal transduction from activin receptor to nucleus and its relevance to morphogen gradient interpretation. (5/240)

Activin family members in the developing chick retina: expression patterns, protein distribution, and in vitro effects. (6/240)

Smad3 inhibits transforming growth factor-beta and activin signaling by competing with Smad4 for FAST-2 binding. (7/240)

Human activin-A is expressed in the atherosclerotic lesion and promotes the contractile phenotype of smooth muscle cells. (8/240)

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