Activated Protein C Resistance: A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance.Protein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation.Factor V: Heat- and storage-labile plasma glycoprotein which accelerates the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in blood coagulation. Factor V accomplishes this by forming a complex with factor Xa, phospholipid, and calcium (prothrombinase complex). Deficiency of factor V leads to Owren's disease.Protein C Deficiency: An absence or deficiency in PROTEIN C which leads to impaired regulation of blood coagulation. It is associated with an increased risk of severe or premature thrombosis. (Stedman's Med. Dict., 26th ed.)Thrombophilia: A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.Protein S Deficiency: An autosomal dominant disorder showing decreased levels of plasma protein S antigen or activity, associated with venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PROTEIN S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that inhibits blood clotting by serving as a cofactor for activated PROTEIN C (also a vitamin K-dependent protein), and the clinical manifestations of its deficiency are virtually identical to those of protein C deficiency. Treatment with heparin for acute thrombotic processes is usually followed by maintenance administration of coumarin drugs for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1511; Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 9th ed, p1523)Protein S: The vitamin K-dependent cofactor of activated PROTEIN C. Together with protein C, it inhibits the action of factors VIIIa and Va. A deficiency in protein S; (PROTEIN S DEFICIENCY); can lead to recurrent venous and arterial thrombosis.Factor V Deficiency: A deficiency of blood coagulation factor V (known as proaccelerin or accelerator globulin or labile factor) leading to a rare hemorrhagic tendency known as Owren's disease or parahemophilia. It varies greatly in severity. Factor V deficiency is an autosomal recessive trait. (Dorland, 27th ed)Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor: An antiphospholipid antibody found in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC;), ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; and in a variety of other diseases as well as in healthy individuals. In vitro, the antibody interferes with the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and prolongs the partial thromboplastin time. In vivo, it exerts a procoagulant effect resulting in thrombosis mainly in the larger veins and arteries. It further causes obstetrical complications, including fetal death and spontaneous abortion, as well as a variety of hematologic and neurologic complications.Partial Thromboplastin Time: The time required for the appearance of FIBRIN strands following the mixing of PLASMA with phospholipid platelet substitute (e.g., crude cephalins, soybean phosphatides). It is a test of the intrinsic pathway (factors VIII, IX, XI, and XII) and the common pathway (fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V and X) of BLOOD COAGULATION. It is used as a screening test and to monitor HEPARIN therapy.Blood Coagulation Tests: Laboratory tests for evaluating the individual's clotting mechanism.Abortion, Habitual: Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.Drug Resistance: Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.Coagulation Protein Disorders: Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders resulting from abnormalities or deficiencies of coagulation proteins.Antibodies, Anticardiolipin: Antiphospholipid antibodies found in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC;), ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; and in a variety of other diseases as well as in healthy individuals. The antibodies are detected by solid-phase IMMUNOASSAY employing the purified phospholipid antigen CARDIOLIPIN.Retinal Vein Occlusion: Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.Prothrombin: A plasma protein that is the inactive precursor of thrombin. It is converted to thrombin by a prothrombin activator complex consisting of factor Xa, factor V, phospholipid, and calcium ions. Deficiency of prothrombin leads to hypoprothrombinemia.Blood Coagulation: The process of the interaction of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS that results in an insoluble FIBRIN clot.Thrombosis: Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.Protein C Inhibitor: A member of the serpin family of proteins that is found in plasma and urine. It is dependent on heparin and is able to inhibit activated PROTEIN C; THROMBIN; KALLIKREIN; and other SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES.Venous Thrombosis: The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.Thromboembolism: Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Homozygote: An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.Point Mutation: A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.Drug Resistance, Microbial: The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Drug Resistance, Bacterial: The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Thrombomodulin: A cell surface glycoprotein of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and serves as a cofactor in the activation of protein C and its regulation of blood coagulation.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Drug Resistance, Neoplasm: Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Blood Coagulation Factors: Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process.Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C: A pulmonary surfactant associated protein that plays a role in alveolar stability by lowering the surface tension at the air-liquid interface. It is a membrane-bound protein that constitutes 1-2% of the pulmonary surfactant mass. Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C is one of the most hydrophobic peptides yet isolated and contains an alpha-helical domain with a central poly-valine segment that binds to phospholipid bilayers.Drug Resistance, Multiple: Simultaneous resistance to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs.Disease Resistance: The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.Laboratories: Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures: Methods, procedures, and tests performed to diagnose disease, disordered function, or disability.Menu PlanningSystems Biology: Comprehensive, methodical analysis of complex biological systems by monitoring responses to perturbations of biological processes. Large scale, computerized collection and analysis of the data are used to develop and test models of biological systems.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Computational Biology: A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.Melanoma: A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)BooksPre-Eclampsia: A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.Liver Transplantation: The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.Universities: Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.Hemophilia A: The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.
Synergistic effects of prothrombotic polymorphisms and atherogenic factors on the risk of myocardial infarction in young males. (1/111)
Several recent studies evaluated a possible effect of the prothrombotic polymorphisms such as 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) nt 677C --> T, factor V (F V) nt 1691G --> A (F V Leiden), and factor II (F II) nt 20210 G --> A on the risk of myocardial infarction. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of these prothrombotic polymorphisms, as well as apolipoprotein (Apo) E4, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia, on the risk of myocardial infarction in young males. We conducted a case-control study of 112 young males with first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) before the age of 52 and 187 healthy controls of similar age. The prevalences of heterozygotes for F V G1691A and F II G20210A were not significantly different between cases and controls (6.3% v 6.4% and 5.9% v 3.4% among cases and controls, respectively). In contrast, the prevalence of MTHFR 677T homozygosity and the allele frequency of Apo E4 were significantly higher among patients (24.1% v 10.7% and 9.4% v 5.3% among cases and controls, respectively). Concomitant presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes and one or more of the four examined polymorphisms increased the risk by almost ninefold (odds ratio [OR] = 8.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.49 to 21.5) and concomitant smoking by almost 18-fold (OR = 17.6; 95% CI, 6.30 to 48.9). When all atherogenic risk factors were analyzed simultaneously by a logistic model, the combination of prothrombotic and Apo E4 polymorphisms with current smoking increased the risk 25-fold (OR = 24.7; 95% CI, 7.17 to 84.9). The presented data suggest a synergistic effect between atherogenic and thrombogenic risk factors in the pathogenesis of AMI, as was recently found in a similar cohort of women. (+info)Thrombophilia as a multigenic disease. (2/111)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Venous thrombosis is a common disease annually affecting 1 in 1000 individuals. The multifactorial nature of the disease is illustrated by the frequent identification of one or more predisposing genetic and/or environmental risk factors in thrombosis patients. Most of the genetic defects known today affect the function of the natural anticoagulant pathways and in particular the protein C system. This presentation focuses on the importance of the genetic factors in the pathogenesis of inherited thrombophilia with particular emphasis on those defects which affect the protein C system. INFORMATION SOURCES: Published results in articles covered by the Medline database have been integrated with our original studies in the field of thrombophilia. STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES: The risk of venous thrombosis is increased when the hemostatic balance between pro- and anti-coagulant forces is shifted in favor of coagulation. When this is caused by an inherited defect, the resulting hypercoagulable state is a lifelong risk factor for thrombosis. Resistance to activated protein C (APC resistance) is the most common inherited hypercoagulable state found to be associated with venous thrombosis. It is caused by a single point mutation in the factor V (FV) gene, which predicts the substitution of Arg506 with a Gln. Arg506 is one of three APC-cleavage sites and the mutation results in the loss of this APC-cleavage site. The mutation is only found in Caucasians but the prevalence of the mutant FV allele (FV:Q506) varies between countries. It is found to be highly prevalent (up to 15%) in Scandinavian populations, in areas with high incidence of thrombosis. FV:Q506 is associated with a 5-10-fold increased risk of thrombosis and is found in 20-60% of Caucasian patients with thrombosis. The second most common inherited risk factor for thrombosis is a point mutation (G20210A) in the 3' untranslated region of the prothrombin gene. This mutation is present in approximately 2% of healthy individuals and in 6-7% of thrombosis patients, suggesting it to be a mild risk factor of thrombosis. Other less common genetic risk factors for thrombosis are the deficiencies of natural anticoagulant proteins such as antithrombin, protein C or protein S. Such defects are present in less than 1% of healthy individuals and together they account for 5-10% of genetic defects found in patients with venous thrombosis. Owing to the high prevalence of inherited APC resistance (FV:Q506) and of the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene, combinations of genetic defects are relatively common in the general population. As each genetic defect is an independent risk factor for thrombosis, individuals with multiple defects have a highly increased risk of thrombosis. As a consequence, multiple defects are often found in patients with thrombosis. (+info)Factor V Leiden and antibodies against phospholipids and protein S in a young woman with recurrent thromboses and abortion. (3/111)
We describe the case of a 39-year-old woman who suffered two iliofemoral venous thromboses, a cerebral ischemic infarct and recurrent fetal loss. Initial studies showed high levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) and a moderate thrombocytopenia. After her second miscarriage, laboratory diagnosis revealed that the woman was heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation and had a functional protein S deficiency as well as anti-protein S and anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies. The impairment of the protein C pathway at various points could well explain the recurrent thromboses in the patient and supports the role of a disturbed protein C system in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in patients with APAs. (+info)Simultaneous detection of FV Q506 and prothrombin 20210 A variation by allele-specific PCR. (4/111)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Factor V Leiden is the most important risk factor for hereditary thromboembolism, whereas the mutation in the 3'-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene seems to be only a mild risk factor for thrombotic events. On the other hand the factor V mutation (Arg 506) is frequently coinherited with the prothrombin 3'-untranslated region G20210A variant and there is increasing evidence that the co-segregated prothrombin variant is an additional risk factor for venous thromboembolism, contributing to thrombotic manifestations. A rapid, simple and cost-effective screening method is, therefore, required for the detection of both factor V Leiden and the prothrombin variant A20210G. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty-eight patients were enrolled in this study. Forty-four had a previously identified factor V and/or prothrombin mutation, the remaining 44 patients served as negative controls. A multiplex allele specific oligonucleotide PCR was established for the simultaneous detection of the two genetic risk factors for thrombophilia. To test the specificity of the simultaneous ASO PCR approach, the mutated and physiological factor V and prothrombin amplification products were sequenced. RESULTS: The factor V Leiden mutation and the prothrombin variant were correctly identified in all of 44 patients with known mutations. Furthermore the test was able to detect the mutated factor V and the II variant alone, as well as in the cosegregated pattern. Five patients with a homozygous pattern of factor V Leiden or prothrombin variant were also correctly identified. The sensitivity of the test is therefore 100%. In none of the 44 control cases were false positive results seen. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: The ASO PCR test is a rapid, simple and cost-effective screening test for thrombophilia. (+info)Coagulation factors II, V, VII, and X, prothrombin gene 20210G-->A transition, and factor V Leiden in coronary artery disease: high factor V clotting activity is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. (5/111)
Increased levels of hemostatic factors and genetic mutations of proteins involved in coagulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. We investigated clotting activity of factors II (FII:C), V (FV:C), VII (FVII:C), and X (FX:C), the prothrombin gene 20210G-->A transition, and the factor V Leiden mutation in 200 survivors of myocardial infarction and in 100 healthy controls. FV:C (P<0.0001) and FVII:C (P<0.0001) were found to be independent risk factors for myocardial infarction. High FV:C or high FVII:C combined with smoking or arterial hypertension increased the relative risk for myocardial infarction up to 50-fold. One of 177 patients (0.6%) and 4 of 89 controls (4.5%) had the prothrombin 20210 AG genotype. Eleven of 177 patients (6.2%) and 6 of 89 controls (6.7%) were heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation. No homozygous carrier for these mutations was found. Neither the prothrombin gene 20210G-->A transition (odds ratio [OR], 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 1.1) nor the factor V Leiden mutation (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.4 to 2.8) were associated with an increased relative risk for myocardial infarction. In conclusion, our data indicate that neither the prothrombin gene 20210G-->A transition nor the factor V Leiden mutation are risk factors for myocardial infarction. High FVII:C was confirmed to be an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Moreover, we describe for the first time that high FV:C is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. (+info)Risk of venous thromboembolism and clinical manifestations in carriers of antithrombin, protein C, protein S deficiency, or activated protein C resistance: a multicenter collaborative family study. (6/111)
Deficiencies of antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC) or protein S (PS), and activated protein C resistance (APCR) are very well-established coagulation defects predisposing to venous thromboembolism (VTE). We performed a retrospective cohort family study to assess the risk for VTE in individuals with AT, PC, or PS deficiency, or APCR. Five hundred thirteen relatives from 9 Italian centers were selected from 233 families in which the proband had had at least 1 episode of VTE. We calculated the incidence of VTE in the whole cohort and in the subgroups after stratification by age, sex, and defect. The overall incidence of VTE (per 100 patient-years) in the group of relatives was 0.52. It was 1.07 for AT, 0.54 for PC, 0.50 for PS, 0.30 for APCR, and 0.67 in the group with a double defect. The incidence was associated with age, but not with sex. The mean age at onset was between 30 and 40 years for all the coagulation defects. Women had the peak of incidence in the age range of 21 to 40 years, earlier than men. The lifetime risk for VTE was 4.4 for AT versus APCR, 2.6 for AT versus PS, 2.2 for AT versus PC, 1.9 for PC versus APCR, and 1.6 for PS versus APCR. AT deficiency seems to have a higher risk for VTE than the other genetic defects. There is a relation between age and occurrence of thrombosis for both men and women. The latter had the peak of incidence earlier than the former. (+info)Activated protein C resistance: effect of platelet activation, platelet-derived microparticles, and atherogenic lipoproteins. (7/111)
Plasma and platelet factor Va represent different substrates for activated protein C (APC). In this study, we have measured platelet-dependent APC resistance and the effect of aspirin and a platelet glycoprotein IIbIIIa antagonist (GR144053F) on this phenomenon. In platelet rich plasma (PRP), progressive APC resistance was observed with increasing platelet activation. APC sensitivity ratios of 1.8, 1.7, and 1.4 were observed after platelet activation with thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP), collagen, and A23187, respectively. Ultracentrifugation at 77,000g for 1 hour abolished APC resistance indicating that the phenotype is associated exclusively with the platelet membrane. APC resistance was not observed in the presence of phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine (PCPS) vesicles or purified human plasma lipoproteins. APC resistance was observed in the presence of platelet-derived microparticles, but to a lesser degree than that in the presence of activated platelets. The platelet-dependent APC resistance phenotype was also observed when endogenous APC was generated by Protac (American Diagnostica, Inc, Greenwich, CT). In vitro inhibition of platelet activation with aspirin had no effect, but the fibrinogen receptor antagonist, GR144053F, inhibited platelet-dependent APC resistance. These results indicate that platelet activation results in an APC-resistant phenotype comparable to that observed in the plasma of patients with factor V gene mutations affecting critical APC cleavage sites. This suggests that platelet activation at the site of endothelial damage downregulates a critical natural anticoagulant mechanism. The antithrombotic effect of aspirin may be due to an indirect effect on platelet-dependent APC resistance with reduced platelet retention within a developing thrombus. The more potent antithrombotic effect of glycoprotein IIbIIIa antagonists may in addition be the result of reduced platelet factor Va expression and modulation of the platelet-dependent APC resistance phenotype. (+info)A possible role for activated protein C resistance in patients with first and second trimester pregnancy failure. (8/111)
Thrombophilia was recently suggested as a possible factor in recurrent pregnancy losses. We studied prospectively 125 patients (mean age 31.4 +/- 5.6 years) with one or more first or second trimester pregnancy losses for the prevalence of activated protein C resistance (APCR). Proteins C and S antigens, antithrombin III, anticardiolipin, and lupus anti-coagulant were also evaluated. Patients with uterine malformations, hormonal abnormalities, chromosomal translocations and infectious causes were excluded. A control group of 125 women with no past fetal loss were matched with the study group. Whenever the APC-sensitivity ratio (APC-SR) was +info)Activated protein C resistance. Increases. No change Fibrinogen. Decreases. No change Footnotes: a = E.g., DES, EE. b = PEP. ... Estrogens have effects on liver protein synthesis, including on the synthesis of plasma proteins, coagulation factors, ... Protein binding. Estradiol: ~98% (to albumin and SHBG)[3][4][1]. Metabolism. Mainly in the liver, to a lesser extent in the ... protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency) ...
"Mali acroangiodermatitis in homozygous activated protein C resistance". Arch Dermatol. 141 (3): 396-7. doi:10.1001/archderm. ...
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK4 gene. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 ... "Arabidopsis MAP Kinase 4 Negatively Regulates Systemic Acquired Resistance". Cell. 103 (7): 1111-1120. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674( ... Tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors activate mitogen-activated protein kinases which then translocate into the nucleus ... 2007). "Characterization of the atypical MAPK ERK4 and its activation of the MAPK-activated protein kinase MK5". J. Biol. Chem ...
... is a substrate of CYP3A4 and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2; drugs that inhibit these enzymes will make ... more cabozantinib and increase its adverse effects; drugs that activate them may cause cabozantinib to be ineffective. It ... It inhibits the following receptor tyrosine kinases: MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor protein) and VEGFR, RET, GAS6 ... blood or protein in urine, wounds that don't heal well, and facial swelling. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice should be avoided ...
... s cause endothelial dysfunction by activating protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). In mitochondria, ceramide suppresses the ... Increased ceramide synthesis leads to both leptin resistance and insulin resistance by increasing SOCS-3 expression. Elevated ... "Ceramide-activated phosphatase mediates fatty acid-induced endothelial VEGF resistance and impaired angiogenesis". The American ... Ceramides induce insulin resistance in many tissues by inhibition of Akt/PKB signaling. Aggregation of LDL cholesterol by ...
Prothrombin G20210A De Stefano V, Leone G (1995). "Resistance to activated protein C due to mutated factor V as a novel cause ... May 1994). "Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C". Nature. 369 (6475): 64-7 ... Russell viper venom-based and activated partial thromboplastin time-based screening assays for resistance to activated protein ... activated Protein C). The gene that codes the protein is referred to as F5. Mutation of this gene-a single nucleotide ...
Insulin activates mTORC1 and causes dissociation of TSC from the surface of lysosomes. Resistance to ischemia-reperfusion ... "The TSC complex is required for the benefits of dietary protein restriction on stress resistance in vivo". Cell Reports. 8 (4 ... injury by protein restriction is mediated by activation of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Dibble CC, Elis W, Menon S, Qin W, ...
"Sterol resistance in CHO cells traced to point mutation in SREBP cleavage-activating protein". Cell. 87 (3): 415-26. doi: ... Nov 1984). "The human LDL receptor: a cysteine-rich protein with multiple Alu sequences in its mRNA". Cell. 39 (1): 27-38. doi: ... Reiss Y, Goldstein JL, Seabra MC, Casey PJ, Brown MS (Jul 1990). "Inhibition of purified p21ras farnesyl:protein transferase by ... Oct 1993). "SREBP-1, a basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper protein that controls transcription of the low density lipoprotein ...
By activating a phosphatase, LAM can inhibit LPS and IFN-γ induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation in monocytes. This ... IL-12 is important for innate resistance to M. tuberculosis infections. It activates natural killer cells which produce IFN-γ ... of Mycobacterium tuberculosisPromotes Protein Tyrosine Dephosphorylation and Inhibition of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase in ... ManLAM is able to activate the serine/threonine kinase Akt via phosphorylation which is then able to phosphorylate Bad. ...
This binding is dependent on binding to a protein called Hfq. Transcription of the GcvB RNA is activated by the adjacent GcvA ... It has been shown by gene deletion that GcvB is a regulator of acid resistance in E. coli. GcvB enhances the ability of the ... Jin Y, Watt RM, Danchin A, Huang JD (2009). "Small noncoding RNA GcvB is a novel regulator of acid resistance in Escherichia ... Pulvermacher SC, Stauffer LT, Stauffer GV (January 2009). "Role of the Escherichia coli Hfq protein in GcvB regulation of oppA ...
ISBN 0-521-87082-8. Chaturvedi S, Dzieczkowski JS (1999). "Protein S deficiency, activated protein C resistance and sticky ... it has been described as a coagulation disorder that can present in conjunction with protein S deficiency and Factor V Leiden. ...
2001). "Apaf-1 Protein Deficiency Confers Resistance to Cytochrome c-dependent Apoptosis in Human Leukemic Cells". Journal of ... It has been suggested that the evolutionary reason for the multimeric protein complex activating the caspase cascade is to ... The apoptosome is a multimolecular holoenzyme complex assembled around the adaptor protein Apaf1 (apoptotic protease activating ... WD-40 repeats are sequences around 40 amino acids long which end in Trp-Asp and are typically involved in protein-protein ...
"TRIB2 confers resistance to anti-cancer therapy by activating the serine/threonine protein kinase AKT". Nature Communications. ... 2004). "Human tribbles, a protein family controlling mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (41): 42703 ... 2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration". Cell. ... Tribbles homolog 2 is an atypical protein kinase that is encoded in human by the TRIB2 gene. TRIB2 is a pseudokinase member of ...
Rosendorff A, Dorfman DM (June 2007). "Activated protein C resistance and factor V Leiden: a review". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. ... Factor Va is inactivated following cleavage by activated protein C. Activated protein C cleaves Factor Va in both its light and ... if Factor V is cleaved by activated protein C instead of thrombin, it can serve as a cofactor for activated protein C. Once ... Contributions of protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions toward complex formation". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (7): 3708-18. ...
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC1 gene. The protein encoded ... The transporter protein has been shown to decrease β-amyloid accumulation by nearly 80 percent when activated, leading ... Lautier D, Canitrot Y, Deeley RG, Cole SP (October 1996). "Multidrug resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance protein ( ... Deeley RG, Cole SP (June 1997). "Function, evolution and structure of multidrug resistance protein (MRP)". Seminars in Cancer ...
This cell line is a model for cancer research which doesn't express activated Src protein. http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/methods ... BOSC 23 carries neomycin/G418 resistance derived from its parental line 293T, and also hygromycin and mycophenolic acid (gpt) ... Src kinase phosphorylates RUNX3 at tyrosine residues and localizes the protein in the cytoplasm. The Journal of Biochemistry ... it stably expresses Moloney murine leukemia virus proteins and when transiently transfected with recombinant retroviral vector ...
TIR-like motifs are also found in plant proteins thought to be involved in resistance to disease. When activated, TIR domains ... Toll receptor and many plant R proteins. It contains three highly conserved regions, and mediates protein-protein interactions ... Van der Biezen EA, Jones JD (1998). "Plant disease-resistance proteins and the gene-for-gene concept". Trends Biochem. Sci. 23 ... They both induce the activation of a Rel type transcription factor via an adaptor protein and a protein kinase. MyD88, a ...
... stimulates guanylate cyclase to increase formation of cyclic GMP (cGMP). cGMP activates protein kinase G (PKG), ... At high plasma concentrations nicorandil reduces coronary vascular resistance, which is associated with increased K+ATP channel ... PKG also activates the sarcolemma calcium pump to remove activating calcium. PKG acts on K+ channels to promote K+ efflux and ... Nicorandil activates K+ATP channels in the mitochondria of the myocardium, which appears to relay the cardioprotective effects ...
AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase. • PGC‐1α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α. • S6K1: p70S6 ... and inhibiting muscle protein breakdown (MPB).[94][95] The stimulation of muscle protein synthesis by resistance training ... Resistance training and subsequent consumption of a protein-rich meal promotes muscle hypertrophy and gains in muscle strength ... RPS6: ribosomal protein S6. • eEF2: eukaryotic elongation factor 2. • RE: resistance exercise; EE: endurance exercise. • Myo: ...
... immunity-related GTPase proteins (IRGs), and very large inducible GTPase proteins (VLIG). IRGs confer resistance from vacuolar ... Immunity Related Guanosine Triphosphatases or IRGs are proteins activated as part of an early immune response. IRGs have been ... inducible GTPases encompass four families of proteins including myxovirus resistant proteins (Mx), guanylate-binding proteins ( ... LC3 is a microtubule associated soluble protein found in mammalian tissues. Cytoplasmic proteins and organelles are engulfed by ...
"MET amplification leads to gefitinib resistance in lung cancer by activating ERBB3 signaling". Science. 316 (5827): 1039-43. ... Alterations in co-regulatory proteins *Interactions between the SERM, ER, and co-regulatory proteins may influence whether the ... Resistance to methotrexate[edit]. Some of the first evidence for a genetic basis of acquired therapeutic resistance came from ... Resistance to radiotherapy[edit]. Resistance to radiotherapy is also commonly observed. However, to date, comparisons of ...
... both proteins activate expression. The difference relates to their respective response to tetracycline or doxycycline (Dox, a ... Tetracycline-controlled gene expression is based upon the mechanism of resistance to tetracycline antibiotic treatment found in ... ca/en/home/references/protocols/proteins-expression-isolation-and-analysis/protein-expression-protocol/inducible-protein- ... The Tet-Off system makes use of the tetracycline transactivator (tTA) protein, which is created by fusing one protein, TetR ( ...
... may refer to: Armour-piercing, composite rigid - a type of armor piercing projectile Activated protein C resistance - a ...
RCSB Protein Data Bank. Archived from the original on 16 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28. Human DAP genome location and DAP ... Insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes produces a greater demand for insulin production which results in the secretion of ... The IAPP promoter is also activated by stimuli which do not affect insulin, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and fatty acids ... One of the defining features of Type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance. This is a condition wherein the body is unable to ...
... programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The interaction of these cell surface proteins is involved in the suppression of the ... Syn NL, Teng MW, Mok TS, Soo RA (December 2017). "De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting". The Lancet. ... PD-1 and CTLA-4 are both expressed on activated T cells, but at different phases of immune response.[7] ... PD-1 and PD-L1 are both proteins present on the surface of cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as these are emerging as a ...
2007). "MN1 overexpression induces acute myeloid leukemia in mice and predicts ATRA resistance in patients with AML". Blood. ... 2007). "The MN1 oncoprotein activates transcription of the IGFBP5 promoter through a CACCC-rich consensus sequence". J. Mol. ...
Also known as: Activated Protein C Resistance; APC Resistance; Factor V R506Q; PT G20210A; Factor II 20210; Factor II Mutation ... evaluation for the presence of a Factor V Leiden mutation can begin with a test for activated protein C (APC) resistance, ... About 90% of the time, APC resistance is due to a Factor V Leiden mutation. If resistance is present, then a test for the ... Related tests: Antithrombin; Protein C and Protein S; Homocysteine; MTHFR Mutation; Factor V R2 A4070G Mutation ...
Blood viscosity, coagulation, and activated protein C resistance in central retinal vein occlusion: a population controlled ... 11 12 13 deficiency in the protein C pathway,14 high α2 globulin concentrations,4 higher activated factor VII concentrations,15 ... 11 12 13 deficiency in the protein C pathway,14 high α2 globulin concentrations,4 higher activated factor VII concentrations,15 ... Is activated factor VII associated with retinal vein occlusion? Br J Ophthalmol2001;85:1174-8. ...
Hereditary thrombophilias (Factor V Leiden, Activated protein C resistance, MTHFR (C677T), Factor II mutation (G20201A)) ...
This is known as an activated protein C (APC) resistance assay. If your blood is resistant to activated protein C, its likely ... Activated protein C resistance test. Your blood sample may be tested to determine whether your blood is resistant to activated ... youre likely to have only the genetic test because blood-thinning drugs interfere with the activated protein C resistance test ... One of the clotting proteins is factor V. People with factor V Leiden have a genetic mutation that results in factor V protein ...
1995) Variable interference of activated protein C resistance in the measurement of protein S activity by commercial assays. ... 1980) Regulation of activated protein C by a new protein. A possible function for bovine protein S. J Biol Chem 255:5521-4. ... 1994) Factor V and protein S as synergistic cofactors to activated protein C in degradation of factor VIIIa. J Biol Chem 269: ... 1997) Protein S alters the active site location of activated protein C above the membrane surface. A fluorescence resonance ...
... ,ARUP Laboratories is a national reference laboratory and a worldwide leader in innovative ... The Quest ACTester Activated Clotting Time System. 7. Total Protein. 8. Total Protein Reagent. 9. Total Protein Reagent Set. 10 ... Bipolar Hand Activated Forceps. 3. Bipolar Foot Activated Forceps. 4. European Bipolar Foot Activated Forceps. 5. Titanium Foot ... Proteomelab™ XL-A/XL-I Protein Characterization System. 11. Proteomelab™ PA 800 Protein Characterization System. ...
LabCorp test details for Activated Protein C Resistance (APCR) ... Activated Protein C Resistance (APCR). TEST: 117762 Test number ... Activated protein C resistance assay detects thrombotic risk factors other than factor V Leiden. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003 Jan; ... Activated Protein C Resistance. 13590-5. 117763. Act.Prt.C Resist.. ratio. 13590-5. ... 8. Van Cott EM, Soderberg BL, Laposata M. Activated protein C resistance, the factor V Leiden mutation, and a laboratory ...
Establishing mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor-resistant melanoma models. a A mitogen activated protein kinase BRAF ... Systems biology analysis of mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant melanoma.. Zecena H1, Tveit D1, ... a Establishing cellular models of mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor resistance using SK-MEL-28 malignant melanoma cell ... Transcription factor motif analysis of mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor resistance in cellular models of malignant ...
Differentiating Activated Protein C Resistance from Other Diseases. Activated protein C resistance must be differentiated from ... Activated Protein C= APC, PS= Protein S Causes. Activated protein C resistance may be caused by either inherited (primary), ... Directions to Hospitals Treating Activated protein C resistance Risk calculators and risk factors for Activated protein C ... The second generation for activated protein C resistance (APCR) assay, uses the ratio of aPTT with activated protein C (APC) ...
Activated protein C (with protein S as a cofactor) degrades Factor Va and Factor VIIIa. Activated protein C resistance is the ... Activated protein C resistance (APCR) is a hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated ... Sheppard DR (2000). "Activated protein C resistance: the most common risk factor for venous thromboembolism". J Am Board Fam ... Dahlbäck B (2003). "The discovery of activated protein C resistance". J. Thromb. Haemost. 1 (1): 3-9. doi:10.1046/j.1538- ...
Arabidopsis auxin-resistance gene AXR1 encodes a protein related to ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1.. Leyser HM1, Lincoln CA, ... The AXR1 protein is highly diverged from previously characterized E1 enzymes, however, and lacks a key cysteine residue that is ... Here we isolate the AXR1 gene using a map-based approach and report that AXR1 encodes a new protein with significant sequence ... One of these genes, AXR1, is defined by recessive mutations that confer auxin resistance to the roots, rosettes and ...
... is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance. ... A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor ... Activated Protein C Resistance (APC Resistance). Subscribe to New Research on Activated Protein C Resistance ... related to Activated Protein C Resistance: 1. factor V LeidenIBA 02/01/1997 - "Thus the activated protein C resistance assay is ...
Resistance to potato aphid is developmentally regulated and is not associated with induction of a hypersensitive respon... ... The tomato Mi-1 gene confers resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), potato aphids (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and ... one or more mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades required for Mi-1-mediated aphid resistance were identified. ... resulted in attenuation of Mi-1-mediated aphid resistance. These results further demonstrate that resistance gene-mediated ...
What is activated protein C resistance? Meaning of activated protein C resistance medical term. What does activated protein C ... Looking for online definition of activated protein C resistance in the Medical Dictionary? activated protein C resistance ... Activated protein C resistance is caused by a failure of protein C to cleave Factor Va and/or Factor VIIIa.. activated protein ... activated protein C resistance. Also found in: Acronyms, Wikipedia. Activated Protein C Resistance. An inherited (autosomal ...
Factor V Leiden (FVL), the principal inherited cause of activated protein C resistance (APCR), has been linked to the failure ... Clark, P (1999) Activated protein C resistance in pregnancy. MD thesis, University of Glasgow. ... the combined oral contraceptive pill and more recently by the association of venous thrombosis with a low activated protein C ... and a positive relationship with free protein S. The relationship to factor VIIIc is compatible with the association of APCR ...
PubMed journal article Opposite functions of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase during the process of resistance against ... Opposite functions of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase during the process of resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae.. ... "Opposite Functions of a Rice Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase During the Process of Resistance Against Xanthomonas Oryzae." The ... Opposite functions of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase during the process of resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae. ...
Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT 1 (PIAS1) Protects against Obesity-induced Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Inflammation ... Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT 1 (PIAS1) Protects against Obesity-induced Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Inflammation ... Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT 1 (PIAS1) Protects against Obesity-induced Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Inflammation ... Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT 1 (PIAS1) Protects against Obesity-induced Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting Inflammation ...
The CPT codes provided are based on AMA guidelines and are for informational purposes only. CPT coding is the sole responsibility of the billing party. Please direct any questions regarding coding to the payer being billed ...
Abstract 4124: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase as a novel mechanism of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy. Xinqun ... Abstract 4124: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase as a novel mechanism of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy ... Abstract 4124: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase as a novel mechanism of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy ... Abstract 4124: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase as a novel mechanism of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy ...
"Activated Protein C Resistance Acquired through Liver Transplantation." Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis : an International ... "Activated Protein C Resistance Acquired through Liver Transplantation." Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis : an International ... Pushkaran, B., Adams, D., Chapman, R., & Keeling, D. (2005). Activated protein C resistance acquired through liver ...
... levels or activated protein C resistance (normalized activated protein C resistance ratio [nAPCsr]) modify the increased risk ... The endogenous thrombin potential-based activated protein C resistance test (ETP-based APC resistance test) was performed at ... Activated protein C resistance and acute ischemic stroke: relation to stroke causation and age. J Neurol. 2001;248:701-704. ... Adjusted Ischemic Stroke Risk per SD Higher Baseline Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor and Activated Protein C Resistance (N=455 ...
Explore clotting assays for quantitative determination of activated protein C resistance activity and its calibrators and ... Antithrombin Protein C: Activity and Antigen Protein S: Activity and Antigen Activated Protein C Resistance Protein Z Lupus ... Activated Protein C Resistance. Clotting assay for quantitative determination of Activated Protein C Resistance activity and ... Heparins and their Analogues Direct Anti-Xa Inhibitors Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Activated Protein C resistance Protein S D- ...
iii) Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits all of these events and enhances insulin signalling in the ... iii) Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits all of these events and enhances insulin signalling in the ... and metformin on cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance in humans could be related to the fact that they activate AMPK ... and metformin on cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance in humans could be related to the fact that they activate AMPK ...
Activated Protein C resistance means that when your body forms clots, those clots are more dur... ... Activated Protein C is a natural anticoagulant in the blood. ... Activated Protein C resistance means that when your body forms ... If you need it, a PDF copy of your Activated Protein C Resistance Test results can be downloaded for your doctor. ... track your orders and view your Activated Protein C Resistance Test results. ...
Identification of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways That Confer Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in ... Identification of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways That Confer Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in ... Identification of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways That Confer Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in ... Identification of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways That Confer Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in ...
KinaseAssayPeroxisome proliferGenesMutationMetabolicAnticoagulant responseThrombophiliaMutationsMechanismsNatural anticoagulantDeficiencyMAPKsArabidopsisPartial throIntracellularInhibitorEffector proteinsTyrosineInhibitionDownstreamHumansMultidrugAccumulationThrombinPathogensSystemic acquired rInteractionsPhenotypeCoagulation factorsReceptorMechanismVIIIa1993ConfersFactor VaInteractsEGFR
- Systems biology analysis of mitogen activated protein kinase inhibitor resistance in malignant melanoma. (nih.gov)
- Kinase inhibition in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a standard therapy for cancer patients with activating BRAF mutations. (nih.gov)
- Using virus-induced gene silencing, one or more mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades required for Mi-1- mediated aphid resistance were identified. (apsnet.org)
- Silencing plants for MAPK kinase ( LeMKK2) and MAPKs ( LeMPK2 and LeMPK1 , or LeMPK3) resulted in attenuation of Mi-1 -mediated aphid resistance. (apsnet.org)
- Here we report that a mitogen-activated protein kinase, OsMPK6, functions both as an activator and a repressor in rice resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. (unboundmedicine.com)
- In current study, we tested a novel hypothesis that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions as a metabolic checkpoint activated in response to the decline in ATP levels by EGFR-targeted therapy. (aacrjournals.org)
- ii) Key pathogenetic events in this mechanism very likely include increased fatty acid esterification, protein kinase C activation, an increase in oxidative stress (demonstrated to date in endothelium) and alterations in the inhibitor kappa B kinase/nuclear factor kappa B system. (garvan.org.au)
- iii) Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits all of these events and enhances insulin signalling in the endothelial cell. (garvan.org.au)
- Besides the classic UPR pathway and genes related to calcium homeostasis, we report that two additional pathways, including the SLT2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the osmosensing MAPK pathway, were also required for survival during ER stress. (aacrjournals.org)
- Recent studies also support an important role of another major branch of the UPR, PKR-like ER kinase, in regulating protein translation and survival under hypoxic stress as well as tumor growth ( 16 , 17 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity has been found decreased in visceral adipose tissue of insulin-resistant patients. (biomedcentral.com)
- The active defense of plants against pathogens often includes rapid and localized cell death known as hypersensitive response (HR). Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are implicated in this event based on studies using protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors. (berkeley.edu)
- Recent transient gain-of-function studies demonstrated that the activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wounding-induced protein kinase (WIPK), two tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by their upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK), NtMEK2 leads to HR-like cell death. (berkeley.edu)
- In contrast, adiponectin, another adipokine is protective against breast cancer cell proliferation and insulin resistance.AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity has been found decreased in visceral adipose tissue of insulin-resistant patients. (unibas.ch)
- Given the high percentage of CaP patients with mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, we sought to determine the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) cascade in the development of CaP drug resistance. (aacrjournals.org)
- The activating mutations of the EGFR in a subset of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who respond to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib or erlotinib are paradigmatic [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The α1 (catalytic) subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was identified as a dominant and novel interacting protein. (jci.org)
- Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that GSTs are able to interact with different protein partners such as mitogen activated protein kinases (i.e., c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)) which are also involved in cell signaling. (hindawi.com)
- 5 ] published the first study showing that mouse GSTpi interacts with the protein kinase c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). (hindawi.com)
- AAK-2 is one of two α isoforms of the AMP-activated protein kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans and is involved in life span maintenance, stress responses, and germ cell cycle arrest upon dauer entry. (elsevier.com)
- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, which is a useful insulin resistance marker, was examined by immunoblotting. (ajas.info)
- Most adipokines regulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling to modulate insulin action [ 12 , 13 ]. (ajas.info)
- MLDP significantly altered the expression patterns of many genes involved in mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPKs) and calcium signaling, transcription factors, primary and secondary metabolism, and other processes in both poplar subgenera. (mdpi.com)
- Crenolanib, a potent type I pan-FLT3 inhibitor, is effective against both internal tandem duplications and resistance-conferring tyrosine kinase domain mutations. (nature.com)
- Activating mutations in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ( FLT3 ) gene represents the most frequent molecular abnormality in AML 1 , 2 . (nature.com)
- Insulin stimulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) pathway, as measured by phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and IRS-1 and by IRS protein association with p85 and with PI 3-kinase, was dramatically reduced in obese nondiabetics and virtually absent in type 2 diabetic patients. (nih.gov)
- Thus, insulin resistance differentially affects the PI 3-kinase and MAP kinase signaling pathways, and insulin-stimulated IRS-1-association with PI 3-kinase defines a key step in insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
- Dietary anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in diabetic mice. (biomedsearch.com)
- We found that dietary BBE ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). (biomedsearch.com)
- The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor that has recently been demonstrated to be important in potentially regulating the metabolic activity of brown and beige adipose tissue. (springer.com)
- Keeping the home fires burning: AMP-activated protein kinase. (springer.com)
- AMPK functions as an adenylate charge-regulated protein kinase. (springer.com)
- This results in activation of the receptor kinase and tyrosine phosphorylation of a family of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins. (jci.org)
- PI3-kinase is critical for metabolic actions of insulin, such as glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis, whereas Grb-2/SOS complex, which activates the MAP kinase cascade, is critical in mitogenic response. (jci.org)
- We also found that the glucoregulatory role of duodenally acting resveratrol required activation of Sirt1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk) in this tissue to initiate a gut-brain-liver neuronal axis that improved hypothalamic insulin sensitivity and in turn, reduced HGP. (nature.com)
- Generation and use of TaMPK3- and TaMPK6-specific antibodies on western blots and in coupled immunoprecipitation-protein kinase assays demonstrated that the TaMPK3 protein also accumulated, and was subsequently posttranslationally activated, during the compatible interaction in parallel to PCD. (plantphysiol.org)
- A mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK or MAP kinase ) is a type of protein kinase that is specific to the amino acids serine and threonine (i.e., a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase ). (wikipedia.org)
- The first mitogen-activated protein kinase to be discovered was ERK1 ( MAPK3 ) in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
- This is conducted by specialized enzymes of the STE protein kinase group. (wikipedia.org)
- This tandem activation loop phosphorylation (that was proposed to be either distributive or processive, dependent on cellular environment) is performed by members of the Ste7 protein kinase family, also known as MAP2 kinases . (wikipedia.org)
- His group has gone on to show that insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle can be attributed to increases in diacylglycerol, which in turn activates nPKCs leading to decreased insulin signaling at the level of the insulin receptor kinase. (yale.edu)
- A c-jun amino-terminal kinase that is activated by environmental stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. (curehunter.com)
- Prior UO results in reduced postischemic phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal stress-activated protein kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2), p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 4 (MKK4), and MKK3/6. (curehunter.com)
- We show in this study that sodium channels and p38 MAP kinase colocalize in rat brain tissue and that activated p38α phosphorylates L1 of Na v 1.6, specifically at serine 553 (S553), in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
- Although phosphorylation of sodium channels has been shown to produce rapid modulation of sodium currents, these studies have been primarily focused on investigating the role of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) (for review, see Cantrell and Catterall, 2001 ). (jneurosci.org)
- We showed previously that α-lipoic acid (ALA) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and reduces lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle of obese rats. (ahajournals.org)
- 5,6 We showed in rodents recently that chronic ALA treatment significantly reduced body weight gain primarily by decreasing food intake, and that this effect was mediated by the effect of ALA to decrease AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in the hypothalamus. (ahajournals.org)
- The limitations in the originally devised assay for activated protein C resistance led to the development of a modified assay. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Other variations of the activated protein C resistance assay have been developed. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Clotting assay for quantitative determination of Activated Protein C Resistance activity and its calibrators and controls. (aniara.com)
- Although this assay can be performed in the absence of other coagulation tests and clinical information, it is most reliably performed as part of a consultative coagulation test panel with interpretive reporting (including appropriate testing of the same specimen to evaluate for the presence or absence of coagulation abnormalities or conditions that may affect interpretation of the APC resistance assay). (testcatalog.org)
- Comparison of Phenotypic Activated Protein C Resistance Testing With a Genetic Assay for Factor V Leiden. (cdc.gov)
- To compare the accuracy and reliability of phenotypic activated protein C resistance (aPC-R) assays with a genotypic assay for the factor V Leiden F5 p.R506Q (FVL) mutation. (cdc.gov)
- Activated protein C resistance assay performance: improvement by sample dilution with factor V--deficient plasma. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Influence of storage conditions on activated protein C resistance assay [letter]. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A new dilution for the modified APTT-based assay for activated protein C resistance: improvement of the reliability in patients with a lupus anticoagulant. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Novel therapies under evaluation target nuclear and surface receptors including FXR, transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). (medscape.com)
- The elevated MCP-1 may alter adipocyte function because addition of MCP-1 to differentiated adipocytes in vitro decreases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and the expression of several adipogenic genes ( LpL, adipsin, GLUT-4, aP2 , β3-adrenergic receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ). (pnas.org)
- Among them, the 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 (15d-PGJ 2 ) regulates the activity of three transcription factors playing a central role in stress response, differentiation and proliferation: the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ ), the nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the nuclear factor κ B (NF- κ B) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- One of these genes, AXR1, is defined by recessive mutations that confer auxin resistance to the roots, rosettes and inflorescences of mutant plants. (nih.gov)
- Activation of OsMPK6 resulted in the formation of lesion mimics and local resistance to Xoo, accompanied by the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and the induced expression of SA- and JA-signaling genes. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Nuclear localization of OsMPK6 was essential for local resistance, suggesting that modulating the expression of defense-responsive genes through transcription regulators may be the primary mechanism of OsMPK6-mediated local resistance. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Using the set of 4,728 homozygous diploid deletion mutants in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , we did a functional screen for genes that conferred resistance to ER stress-inducing agents. (aacrjournals.org)
- The induced genes are involved in translocation, protein glycosylation, vesicular transport, cell wall biosynthesis, vacuolar protein targeting, and ER-associated degradation ( 10 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Therefore, the identification of additional disease-resistance genes will benefit efforts toward the genetic improvement of cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. (frontiersin.org)
- The hyperinsulinemia that frequently accompanies obesity and insulin resistance may therefore contribute to the altered expression of these and other genes in insulin target tissues. (pnas.org)
- Collectively, these observations raise the possibility that in the situation of metabolic insulin resistance accompanied by hyperinsulinemia, the expression of certain insulin-responding genes may dramatically increase in insulin target tissues. (pnas.org)
- in particular, it has a significant role in plant resistance to pathogens by triggering resistance-associated cell death and by contributing to the local and systemic induction of defence genes. (wiley.com)
- Effector-triggered immunity is mediated by a large group of structurally related intracellular innate immune receptors encoded by resistance ( R ) genes. (plantcell.org)
- Scientists beat back the fungus by breeding wheat containing a few effective resistance genes. (hhmi.org)
- Plant scientists aim to fight back with genes that confer resistance to Ug99. (hhmi.org)
- Unfortunately, without knowing the precise location of the resistance gene, it is difficult to separate it from the other genes. (hhmi.org)
- Five years ago, Dubcovsky and Akhunov set out to identify the actual gene responsible for the resistance to Ug99, to separate it from other undesirable genes and better understand its mode of action. (hhmi.org)
- Then the team asked which of those genes was necessary for stem rust resistance. (hhmi.org)
- CNL9, or Sr35 as it may now be called, is part of a large family of disease resistance genes in plants. (hhmi.org)
- While current commercial wheat varieties possesses many resistance genes, most of them lack the one that recognizes and responds to Ug99 and related fungi. (hhmi.org)
- The factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation is the best known hereditary form accounts for more than 95 percent of cases of hereditary APC resistance, and acquired forms occur in the presence of elevated Factor VIII concentrations or conditions like hormone replacement therapy and pregnancy . (wikidoc.org)
- In 1993, Dr. Rogier Bertina and his colleagues identified that activated protein C (APC) resistance was primarily due to a mutation in the factor V gene (guanine to adenine substitution at nucleotide 1691, G1691A) resulting in the Factor V Leiden molecule. (wikidoc.org)
- In addition to the FVL mutation , a number of conditions which cause activated protein C resistance have been identified and are included: increased factor VIII, increased estrogen levels, antiphospholipid antibodies, and a variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. (wikidoc.org)
- The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance. (curehunter.com)
- Activated protein C resistance caused by Arg506G1n mutation in factor Va. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Although factor V Leiden mutation is the cause of activated protein C resistance in most cases, we recommend that activated protein C resistance testing be done first, as it is a less expensive and more widely available test than the DNA-based factor V Leiden mutation test. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Mutation of the conserved basic amino acids in this motif, or the deletion of N-terminal 64 amino acids containing this motif significantly compromised or abolished the ability of NtMEK2DD to activate SIPK/WIPK in vivo. (berkeley.edu)
- Here, we present a women with CVT during the first trimester of her pregnancy with additional risk factors of MTHFR C677 T heterozygote mutation, protein S deficiency, and activated protein C resistance. (cu.edu.tr)
- A, 1691) leads to the so called Leiden mutation (R 506 Q) that produces a mutated factor V resistant to the catalytic action of activated protein C (aPC), yet normal in its procoagulant properties. (arctichealth.org)
- The aPCR phenotype can be assessed in vitro by measurement of the prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time in the presence of aPC, whereas the aPCR genotype is studied using polymerase chain reaction searching for the Arg to Gln mutation in the coagulation factor V gene. (arctichealth.org)
- Factor V Arg 306 [right arrow] Gly mutation is not associated with activated protein C resistance and is rare in Taiwanese Chinese. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Lack of activated protein C resistance in healthy Hong Kong Chinese blood donors: correlation with absence of Arg506-Gln mutation of factor V gene [letter]. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Resistance to activated protein C , the Arg506 to Gln mutation in the factor V gene, and venous thrombosis: functional tests and DNA-based assays, pros and cons. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Activated protein C resistance, the factor V Leiden mutation, and a laboratory testing algorithm. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Della Corte CM, Malapelle U, Vigliar E, Pepe F, Troncone G et al (2017) Efficacy of continuous EGFR-inhibition and role of Hedgehog in EGFR acquired resistance in human lung cancer cells with activating mutation of. (springer.com)
- Of the 72 children, 25 showed the factor V Leiden mutation, 10 showed protein C deficiency, 2 showed antithrombin deficiency, and 4 showed primary antiphospholipid syndrome. (aappublications.org)
- Three children with increased Lp (a) were heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation, and 1 girl showed additional protein C deficiency. (aappublications.org)
- Obesity frequently is accompanied by related metabolic perturbations such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and the development of a procoagulant state, and these changes contribute to an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
- Gm SubPep is a unique plant defense peptide signal, cryptically embedded within a plant protein with an independent metabolic role, providing insights into plant defense mechanisms. (pnas.org)
- Numerous studies in both animal models and humans have demonstrated that abnormal adipose tissue accumulation may result in metabolic disorders that cause severe insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes [ 4 ]. (ajas.info)
- Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha. (nature.com)
- Thus, PAHSAs activate GPR40, which is involved in their beneficial metabolic effects. (nih.gov)
- Approximately 90-95% of patients with diabetes mellitus have type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insulin resistance or the inability of insulin to exert its metabolic actions. (intechopen.com)
- Recent advances in understanding the role of metabolic, signaling, and inflammatory pathways in obesity have provided opportunities to better understand the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in the heart. (ahajournals.org)
- This review will summarize our current understanding of metabolic mechanisms for and consequences of insulin resistance in the heart and will discuss potential new areas for investigating novel mechanisms that contribute to insulin resistance in the heart. (ahajournals.org)
- Insulin resistance is associated with many serious medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. (ahajournals.org)
- Activated protein C resistance (APCR) is a hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). (wikipedia.org)
- A coagulation test abnormality, termed activated protein C (APC) resistance, involving poor anticoagulant response to APC is currently the most common laboratory finding among venous thrombophilic patients. (ashpublications.org)
- The proportion of identifiable causes of familial thrombophilia has increased from 5-10% to 60-70% since the identification of activated protein C resistance (aPCR) in February 1993 by Dahlbäck et al. (arctichealth.org)
- Diseases associated with F5 include Factor V Deficiency and Thrombophilia Due To Activated Protein C Resistance . (genecards.org)
- Both cell lines have activating BRAF mutations and display metastatic potential. (nih.gov)
- Mutations of two protein trafficking motifs within the 38-amino acid region in CFTR each disrupted the interaction. (jci.org)
- The remaining patients exhibit post-crenolanib expansion of mutations associated with epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, and cohesion factors, suggesting diverse genetic/epigenetic mechanisms of crenolanib resistance. (nature.com)
- This includes light sensitivity, i.e. how much light is needed to switch the protein on and off, as well as the speed and selectivity at which mechanisms are implemented or terminated after the activation of the switch. (phys.org)
- Although the molecular mechanisms leading to development of insulin resistance also are not fully understood, there appears to be an association between insulin resistance and both the accumulation of abdominal visceral fat ( 4 ) and the presence of specific genetic components ( 5 ). (pnas.org)
- The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an ATP-gated Cl - channel that regulates other epithelial transport proteins by uncharacterized mechanisms. (jci.org)
- Here, to investigate the mechanisms of crenolanib resistance, we perform whole exome sequencing of AML patient samples before and after crenolanib treatment. (nature.com)
- In this article, we review some of our current understanding about early insulin signal transduction through the network of IRS interacting proteins and the mechanisms that may modify insulin signal transduction in insulin-resistant states, especially obesity and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
- To discover the underlying molecular mechanisms of effector recognition by the Arabidopsis thaliana RECOGNITION OF PERONOSPORA PARASITICA1 (RPP1) resistance protein, we adopted an Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transient protein expression system in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ), which allowed us to perform coimmunoprecipitation experiments and mutational analyses. (plantcell.org)
- Thus, this chapter is intended to summarize the current available literature describing the physiologic and pathophysiologic role of insulin in the vasculature, and the mechanisms underlying the development of vascular insulin resistance from three standpoints. (intechopen.com)
- 3 , 4 There are many molecular mechanisms that contribute to the association between insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease. (ahajournals.org)
- 9 - 12 Insulin resistance via multiple mechanisms may contribute to macrophage accumulation in the vessel wall to increase atherosclerosis and instability of vulnerable plaques. (ahajournals.org)
- The present review will focus on the mechanisms by which insulin resistance develops and contributes to structural heart disease. (ahajournals.org)
- Further study will need to be done to identify the acquired resistance mechanisms and determine the next treatment. (springer.com)
- Chabon JJ, Simmons AD, Lovejoy AF, Esfahani MS, Newman AM et al (2016) Circulating tumour DNA profiling reveals heterogeneity of EGFR inhibitor resistance mechanisms in lung cancer patients. (springer.com)
- Oral PHT increases markers of activated coagulation, reduces coagulation inhibitors, and induces an acquired resistance to the natural anticoagulant activated protein C (APC). (ahajournals.org)
- Activated Protein C is a natural anticoagulant in the blood. (medichecks.com)
- Our laboratory has also extensively characterized anti-factor V antibodies, investigating autoantibodies as well as xenogenic antibodies developing after exposure to topical bovine thrombin preparations which contain trace amounts of contaminating bovine factor V. We have also characterized how antiphospholipid antibodies interfere with the activated protein C complex, a lipid-dependent natural anticoagulant complex that proteolytically inactivates factor Va and factor VIIIa. (duke.edu)
- Dysregulation in activated protein C (APC) can occur as either defects in the protein C or S molecule (Protein C and S deficiency) or as resistance to APC activity. (wikidoc.org)
- Purpura fulminans in infancy could suggest protein C deficiency. (medscape.com)
- Deficiency of protein S or antithrombin III may also cause this disorder. (medscape.com)
- Homozygous protein C deficiency and the consequent serious health effects were described in 1984 by several scientists. (wikipedia.org)
- These pathways can effectively convey stimuli from the cell membrane (where many MAP3Ks are activated) to the nucleus (where only MAPKs may enter) or to many other subcellular targets. (wikipedia.org)
- Overexpression of Gbvdr6 in Arabidopsis and cotton enhanced resistance to V. dahliae . (frontiersin.org)
- The results revealed that B. cereus AR156 EPS could induce systemic resistance to Pst DC3000 in Arabidopsis . (frontiersin.org)
- This study is the first to illustrate how AR156 induces systemic resistance to Pst DC3000 in Arabidopsis . (frontiersin.org)
- Using the model plant, Arabidopsis, and a model pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae, the researchers observed that P. syringae drills through the plant cell wall and secretes effector proteins that target EDS1. (redorbit.com)
- The original test for activated protein C resistance that was offered for use in clinical laboratories was a partial thromboplastin time (PTT) performed in the presence and absence of exogenously supplied activated protein C. (thefreedictionary.com)
- No interference by the international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), protein S activity, fibrinogen and factor VIII (FVIII) levels, or lupus anticoagulant ratio was detected. (cdc.gov)
- Another plant peptide signal generated from a plant has been found that is derived from an intracellular protein. (pnas.org)
- Background The focal adhesion protein p130Cas (Cas) activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways upon integrin or growth factor receptor ligation. (elevateblogconference.com)
- These substrates are commonly referred to as docking proteins, since several other intracellular proteins bind to the phosphorylated substrates, thereby transmitting the signal downstream. (jci.org)
- The established cellular models offer mechanistic insight into cellular changes and therapeutic targets under inhibitor resistance in malignant melanoma. (nih.gov)
- They independently confirm key findings and each manuscript has unique aspects," said McDowell, who is familiar with the system being studied through his research on EDS1 and on pathogen effector proteins. (redorbit.com)
- The research also shows how the EDS1 protein is attacked by virulence proteins from the pathogen, called effector proteins. (redorbit.com)
- C , Immunoblot of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins using the anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (pTyr) on the cell lysates or after immunoprecipitation (IP) with pTyr antibody. (mcponline.org)
- Taken together, ER stress-activated pathways are essential for the development and growth of solid tumors and inhibition of these pathways may lead to new anticancer therapies. (aacrjournals.org)
- Summary Our research shows that Cas can be needed for apoptosis that is normally activated by proteasome inhibition, and by other loss of life stimuli potentially. (elevateblogconference.com)
- Activated protein C (APC) resistance occurs when APC fails to inactivate downstream coagulation factors , specifically Factor V and Factor VIII . (wikidoc.org)
- The phosphorylated insulin receptor binds and phosphorylates IRS proteins and Shc, which bind differentially to various downstream signaling proteins. (jci.org)
- Dr. Petersen's group is interested in clinical studies examining the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in humans. (yale.edu)
- Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, is a zymogen, the activated form of which plays an important role in regulating anticoagulation, inflammation, cell death, and maintaining the permeability of blood vessel walls in humans and other animals. (wikipedia.org)
- Interestingly, multidrug resistance protein-1 ( MRP-1 ) expression, but not MDR-1 ( p- glycoprotein), was observed to be induced as a consequence of PI3K activation in these cell types. (aacrjournals.org)
- The PXR and multidrug resistance-related protein 3 (MRP3) expressions were examined by western blot, RT-PCR or immunohistochemistry of TMA. (biomedcentral.com)
- Multidrug resistance proteins restrain the intestinal absorption of trans-resveratrol in rats. (biomedsearch.com)
- The knock-out of OsMPK6 resulted in enhanced Xoo resistance, increased accumulation of SA and enhanced resistance to X. oryzae pv. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Hypoxia activates all components of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a stress response initiated by the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). (aacrjournals.org)
- However, the protein levels of TaMPK6 became markedly reduced during the compatible interaction coincident with the onset of TaMPK3 protein accumulation. (plantphysiol.org)
- Inactivated form of protein C is activated when it binds to thrombin , and the endothelial proteoglycan thrombomodulin . (wikidoc.org)
- Activated protein C anticoagulant activity operated by proteolytically inactivating proteins Factor Va and Factor VIIIa which are required for factor X activation and thrombin generation. (wikidoc.org)
- Protein C and S are natural anticoagulants which inhbit thrombin formation. (wikidoc.org)
- As a result, thrombin loses its procoagulant properties and instead becomes a potent activator of protein C. Activated protein C (APC) functions as a circulating anticoagulant, which specifically degrades and inactivates the phospholipid-bound factors Va and VIIIa. (wikidoc.org)
- Activated protein C resistance is the inability of protein C to cleave Factor Va and/or Factor VIIIa, which allows for longer duration of thrombin generation and may lead to a hypercoagulable state. (wikipedia.org)
- The activated protein is a cofactor that participates with activated coagulation factor X to activate prothrombin to thrombin. (genecards.org)
- Among the arsenal of plant-derived compounds activated upon attack by herbivores and pathogens are small peptides that initiate and amplify defense responses. (pnas.org)
- Plant disease resistance to pathogens takes many forms. (plantphysiol.org)
- The most widespread form is referred to as nonhost resistance and operates at various levels to prevent infection of entire species of plants by entire species of pathogens ( Nürnberger and Lipka, 2005 ). (plantphysiol.org)
- However, how the colonization signal is and how systemic resistance to pathogens is developed is still unclear. (frontiersin.org)
- A protein called enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) plays a central role in plants' ability to defend themselves from pathogens. (redorbit.com)
- In this review we will examine the synthesis of NO, its effects, functions and signalling giving rise to the hypersensitive response and systemic acquired resistance during plant-pathogen interactions. (wiley.com)
- We employed a yeast two-hybrid screen using the COOH-terminal 70 residues of CFTR to identify proteins that might be involved in such interactions. (jci.org)
- During the last decade, research on GSTs has unravelled yet another major function, namely a role in regulating cellular signaling by forming protein-protein interactions with critical proteins involved in controlling stress response, apoptosis, and proliferation. (hindawi.com)
- In contrast, no increase in expression, protein levels, or posttranslational activation of TaMPK6 was observed at any stage of either compatible or incompatible interactions. (plantphysiol.org)
- 14 The interactions between insulin resistance and vascular disease will be the subject of other reviews in this series. (ahajournals.org)
- Hillarp A, Dahlback B, Zoller B. Activated protein C resistance: from phenotype to genotype and clinical practice. (medscape.com)
- Compared with parental HCC827 cells, the HCC827/AZDR cells showed high resistance to AZD9291 and other EGFR-TKIs, and exhibited a mesenchymal-like phenotype. (springer.com)
- Loss of EGFR could be proposed as a potential acquired resistance mechanism of AZD9291 in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells with an EMT phenotype. (springer.com)
- once activated, protein C lyses coagulation factors Va and VIIIa. (thefreedictionary.com)
- PH domains, which are found in most of the proteins that interact with the insulin receptor, bind to charged headgroups of specific phosphatidylinositides and are thereby targeted preferentially to membrane structures. (jci.org)
- In 2002, Science published an article that first showed protein C activates protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and this process accounts for the protein's modulation of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
- This mechanism allowed to protect a variety of cell components (protein, lipid, DNA) against reactive molecules such as electrophilic metabolites formed after xenobiotics phase I metabolism or endogenous α , β -unsaturated aldehydes and hydroperoxides formed as secondary metabolites during oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
- 17. Kalafatis, M., Rand, M.D., and Mann, K.G. The mechanism of inactivation of human factor V and human factor Va by activated protein C. J. Biol. (csuohio.edu)
- Activated protein C (with protein S as a cofactor) degrades Factor Va and Factor VIIIa. (wikipedia.org)
- Activated protein C resistance is caused by a failure of protein C to cleave Factor Va and/or Factor VIIIa. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Activated protein C (APC) performs these operations primarily by proteolytically inactivating proteins Factor Va and Factor VIIIa. (wikipedia.org)
- Activated protein C was discovered later that year, and in 1977 it was first recognised that APC inactivates Factor Va. In 1980, Vehar and Davie discovered that APC also inactivates Factor VIIIa, and soon after, Protein S was recognised as a cofactor by Walker. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1993, a heritable resistance to APC was detected by Dahlbäck et al. (wikipedia.org)
- These results suggest that Gbvdr6 confers resistance to V. dahliae through regulation of the JA/ET and SA signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
- 9. Kalafatis, M., and Mann, K.G. Role of the membrane in the inactivation of factor Va by activated protein C. J. Biol. (csuohio.edu)
- Factor Va, the activated form of factor V, is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain, non-covalently bound. (genecards.org)
- Pursuing integrin account activation or development aspect enjoyment, Cas interacts with many proteins companions and adjusts mobile occasions, such as migration, growth, and success . (elevateblogconference.com)
- These papers show that EDS1 interacts physically with surveillance proteins within the plant cell," he said. (redorbit.com)
- How signals are relayed from the surveillance proteins to activate antimicrobial responses remains a mystery, but this detailed understanding of how EDS1 interacts with surveillance proteins may help scientists design a protein to guard EDS1 against attacks and make crops more disease resistant. (redorbit.com)
- Cross DA, Ashton SE, Ghiorghiu S, Eberlein C, Nebhan CA et al (2014) AZD9291, an irreversible EGFR TKI, overcomes T790M-mediated resistance to EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer. (springer.com)