Actin related protein 3. Medical search

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments.

A family of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT actin-binding proteins found throughout eukaryotes. They remodel the actin CYTOSKELETON by severing ACTIN FILAMENTS and increasing the rate of monomer dissociation.

Actin capping proteins are cytoskeletal proteins that bind to the ends of ACTIN FILAMENTS to regulate actin polymerization.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.

A 90-kDa protein produced by macrophages that severs ACTIN filaments and forms a cap on the newly exposed filament end. Gelsolin is activated by CALCIUM ions and participates in the assembly and disassembly of actin, thereby increasing the motility of some CELLS.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Major constituent of the cytoskeleton found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They form a flexible framework for the cell, provide attachment points for organelles and formed bodies, and make communication between parts of the cell possible.

A family of low molecular weight proteins that bind ACTIN and control actin polymerization. They are found in eukaryotes and are ubiquitously expressed.

A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

A diverse superfamily of proteins that function as translocating proteins. They share the common characteristics of being able to bind ACTINS and hydrolyze MgATP. Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. Within the structure of myosin heavy chain are three domains: the head, the neck and the tail. The head region of the heavy chain contains the actin binding domain and MgATPase domain which provides energy for locomotion. The neck region is involved in binding the light-chains. The tail region provides the anchoring point that maintains the position of the heavy chain. The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A class of saturated compounds consisting of two rings only, having two or more atoms in common, containing at least one hetero atom, and that take the name of an open chain hydrocarbon containing the same total number of atoms. (From Riguady et al., Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, 1979, p31)

A complex of seven proteins including ARP2 PROTEIN and ARP3 PROTEIN that plays an essential role in maintenance and assembly of the CYTOSKELETON. Arp2-3 complex binds WASP PROTEIN and existing ACTIN FILAMENTS, and it nucleates the formation of new branch point filaments.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Proteins which participate in contractile processes. They include MUSCLE PROTEINS as well as those found in other cells and tissues. In the latter, these proteins participate in localized contractile events in the cytoplasm, in motile activity, and in cell aggregation phenomena.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A dynamic actin-rich extension of the surface of an animal cell used for locomotion or prehension of food.

A protein found in the thin filaments of muscle fibers. It inhibits contraction of the muscle unless its position is modified by TROPONIN.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A PROFILIN binding domain protein that is part of the Arp2-3 complex. It is related in sequence and structure to ACTIN and binds ATP.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A component of the Arp2-3 complex that is related in sequence and structure to ACTIN and that binds ATP. It is expressed at higher levels than ARP2 PROTEIN and does not contain a PROFILIN binding domain.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Chemical reaction in which monomeric components are combined to form POLYMERS (e.g., POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE).

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.

A protein factor that regulates the length of R-actin. It is chemically similar, but immunochemically distinguishable from actin.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A member of the Rho family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is associated with a diverse array of cellular functions including cytoskeletal changes, filopodia formation and transport through the GOLGI APPARATUS. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Compounds consisting of chains of AMINO ACIDS alternating with CARBOXYLIC ACIDS via ester and amide linkages. They are commonly cyclized.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Different forms of a protein that may be produced from different GENES, or from the same gene by ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Proteins to which calcium ions are bound. They can act as transport proteins, regulator proteins, or activator proteins. They typically contain EF HAND MOTIFS.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

A member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family that is found at high levels in NERVE CELLS. It interacts with GRB2 ADAPTOR PROTEIN and with CDC42 PROTEIN.

Polymers synthesized by living organisms. They play a role in the formation of macromolecular structures and are synthesized via the covalent linkage of biological molecules, especially AMINO ACIDS; NUCLEOTIDES; and CARBOHYDRATES.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

WASP protein is mutated in WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME and is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells. It is the founding member of the WASP protein family and interacts with CDC42 PROTEIN to help regulate ACTIN polymerization.

A ubiquitously expressed, secreted protein with bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption activities that are similar to PARATHYROID HORMONE. It does not circulate in appreciable amounts in normal subjects, but rather exerts its biological actions locally. Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein by tumor cells results in humoral calcemia of malignancy.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in regulation of actin organization, gene expression and cell cycle progression. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.

11- to 14-membered macrocyclic lactones with a fused isoindolone. Members with INDOLES attached at the C10 position are called chaetoglobosins. They are produced by various fungi. Some members interact with ACTIN and inhibit CYTOKINESIS.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

The subfamily of myosin proteins that are commonly found in muscle fibers. Myosin II is also involved a diverse array of cellular functions including cell division, transport within the GOLGI APPARATUS, and maintaining MICROVILLI structure.

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

A family of crosslinking filament proteins encoded by distinct FLN genes. Filamins are involved in cell adhesion, spreading, and migration, acting as scaffolds for over 90 binding partners including channels, receptors, intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors. Due to the range of molecular interactions, mutations in FLN genes result in anomalies with moderate to lethal consequences.

The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Compounds that inhibit cell production of DNA or RNA.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

The degree of 3-dimensional shape similarity between proteins. It can be an indication of distant AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and used for rational DRUG DESIGN.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The amino acid sequence of human vinculin has been determined. The protein consists of 1066 amino acid residues and its gene has been assigned to chromosome 10.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A family of microfilament proteins whose name derives from the fact that mutations in members of this protein family have been associated with WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME. They are involved in ACTIN polymerization and contain a polyproline-rich region that binds to PROFILIN, and a verprolin homology domain that binds G-ACTIN.

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Specialized structures of the cell that extend the cell membrane and project out from the cell surface.

A RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEIN involved in regulating signal transduction pathways that control assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.

Proteins from the nematode species CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. The proteins from this species are the subject of scientific interest in the area of multicellular organism MORPHOGENESIS.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A rac GTP-binding protein involved in regulating actin filaments at the plasma membrane. It controls the development of filopodia and lamellipodia in cells and thereby influences cellular motility and adhesion. It is also involved in activation of NADPH OXIDASE. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A sub-family of RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that is involved in regulating the organization of cytoskeletal filaments. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

A microtubule subunit protein found in large quantities in mammalian brain. It has also been isolated from SPERM FLAGELLUM; CILIA; and other sources. Structurally, the protein is a dimer with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S. It binds to COLCHICINE; VINCRISTINE; and VINBLASTINE.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.

A subclass of myosins found generally associated with actin-rich membrane structures such as filopodia. Members of the myosin type I family are ubiquitously expressed in eukaryotes. The heavy chains of myosin type I lack coiled-coil forming sequences in their tails and therefore do not dimerize.

High molecular weight proteins found in the MICROTUBULES of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for TUBULIN assembly into the microtubules and stabilize the assembled microtubules.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

Proteins that activate the GTPase of specific GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The assembly of the QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE of multimeric proteins (MULTIPROTEIN COMPLEXES) from their composite PROTEIN SUBUNITS.

The process by which the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Proteins obtained from the species Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

A genus of ascomycetous fungi of the family Schizosaccharomycetaceae, order Schizosaccharomycetales.

A subclass of myosin involved in organelle transport and membrane targeting. It is abundantly found in nervous tissue and neurosecretory cells. The heavy chains of myosin V contain unusually long neck domains that are believed to aid in translocating molecules over large distances.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches. They control a wide range of biological processes including: receptor signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and protein synthesis. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

Colipase I and II, consisting of 94-95 and 84-85 amino acid residues, respectively, have been isolated from porcine pancreas. Their role is to prevent the inhibitory effect of bile salts on the lipase-catalyzed intraduodenal hydrolysis of dietary long-chain triglycerides.

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

A negative regulator of the CELL CYCLE that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. RBL2 contains a conserved pocket region that binds E2F4 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR and E2F5 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR. RBL2 also interacts with viral ONCOPROTEINS such as POLYOMAVIRUS TUMOR ANTIGENS; ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS; and PAPILLOMAVIRUS E7 PROTEINS.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

An actin capping protein that binds to the pointed-end of ACTIN. It functions in the presence of TROPOMYOSIN to inhibit microfilament elongation.

Protein factors that promote the exchange of GTP for GDP bound to GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A continuous cell line of high contact-inhibition established from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures. The cells are useful for DNA transfection and transformation studies. (From ATCC [Internet]. Virginia: American Type Culture Collection; c2002 [cited 2002 Sept 26]. Available from http://www.atcc.org/)

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An anchoring junction of the cell to a non-cellular substrate. It is composed of a specialized area of the plasma membrane where bundles of the ACTIN CYTOSKELETON terminate and attach to the transmembrane linkers, INTEGRINS, which in turn attach through their extracellular domains to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

Actin polymerization: Where the WASP stings. (1/259)

How do extracellular signals induce actin polymerization, as required for many cellular responses? Key signal transducers, such as the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac, have now been shown to link via proteins of the WASP family to the Arp2/3 complex, which nucleates actin polymerization. (+info)

Scar, a WASp-related protein, activates nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex. (2/259)

The Arp2/3 complex, a stable assembly of two actin-related proteins (Arp2 and Arp3) with five other subunits, caps the pointed end of actin filaments and nucleates actin polymerization with low efficiency. WASp and Scar are two similar proteins that bind the p21 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex, but their effect on the nucleation activity of the complex was not known. We report that full-length, recombinant human Scar protein, as well as N-terminally truncated Scar proteins, enhance nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex. By themselves, these proteins either have no effect or inhibit actin polymerization. The actin monomer-binding W domain and the p21-binding A domain from the C terminus of Scar are both required to activate Arp2/3 complex. A proline-rich domain in the middle of Scar enhances the activity of the W and A domains. Preincubating Scar and Arp2/3 complex with actin filaments overcomes the initial lag in polymerization, suggesting that efficient nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex requires assembly on the side of a preexisting filament-a dendritic nucleation mechanism. The Arp2/3 complex with full-length Scar, Scar containing P, W, and A domains, or Scar containing W and A domains overcomes inhibition of nucleation by the actin monomer-binding protein profilin, giving active nucleation over a low background of spontaneous nucleation. These results show that Scar and, likely, related proteins, such as the Cdc42 targets WASp and N-WASp, are endogenous activators of actin polymerization by the Arp2/3 complex. (+info)

Relationship between Arp2/3 complex and the barbed ends of actin filaments at the leading edge of carcinoma cells after epidermal growth factor stimulation. (3/259)

Using both light and high resolution electron microscopy, we analyzed the spatial and temporal relationships between the Arp2/3 complex and the nucleation activity that is required for lamellipod extension in mammary carcinoma cells after epidermal growth factor stimulation. A rapid two- to fourfold increase in filament barbed end number occurs transiently after stimulation and remains confined almost exclusively to the extreme outer edge of the extending lamellipod (within 100-200 nm of the plasma membrane). This is accompanied by an increase in filament density at the leading edge and a general decrease in filament length, with a specific loss of long filaments. Concomitantly, the Arp2/3 complex is recruited with a 1.5-fold increase throughout the entire cortical filament network extending 1-1.5 microm in depth from the membrane at the leading edge. The recruitment of the Arp2/3 complex at the membrane of the extending lamellipod indicates that Arp2/3 may be involved in initial generation of growing filaments. However, only a small subset of the complex present in the cortical network colocalizes near free barbed ends. This suggests that the 100-200-nm submembraneous compartment at the leading edge of the extending lamellipod constitutes a special biochemical microenvironment that favors the generation and maintenance of free barbed ends, possibly through the locally active Arp2/3 complex, severing or decreasing the on-rate of capping protein. Our results are inconsistent with the hypothesis suggesting uncapping is the dominant mechanism responsible for the generation of nucleation activity. However, they support the hypothesis of an Arp2/3-mediated capture of actin oligomers that formed close to the membrane by other mechanisms such as severing. They also support pointed-end capping by the Arp2/3 complex, accounting for its wide distribution at the leading edge. (+info)

The interaction between N-WASP and the Arp2/3 complex links Cdc42-dependent signals to actin assembly. (4/259)

Although small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family have been implicated in signaling to the actin cytoskeleton, the exact nature of the linkage has remained obscure. We describe a novel mechanism that links one Rho family member, Cdc42, to actin polymerization. N-WASP, a ubiquitously expressed Cdc42-interacting protein, is required for Cdc42-stimulated actin polymerization in Xenopus egg extracts. The C terminus of N-WASP binds to the Arp2/3 complex and dramatically stimulates its ability to nucleate actin polymerization. Although full-length N-WASP is less effective, its activity can be greatly enhanced by Cdc42 and phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate. Therefore, N-WASP and the Arp2/3 complex comprise a core mechanism that directly connects signal transduction pathways to the stimulation of actin polymerization. (+info)

Rho-family GTPases require the Arp2/3 complex to stimulate actin polymerization in Acanthamoeba extracts. (5/259)

BACKGROUND: Actin filaments polymerize in vivo primarily from their fast-growing barbed ends. In cells and extracts, GTPgammaS and Rho-family GTPases, including Cdc42, stimulate barbed-end actin polymerization; however, the mechanism responsible for the initiation of polymerization is unknown. There are three formal possibilities for how free barbed ends may be generated in response to cellular signals: uncapping of existing filaments; severing of existing filaments; or de novo nucleation. The Arp2/3 complex localizes to regions of dynamic actin polymerization, including the leading edges of motile cells and motile actin patches in yeast, and in vitro it nucleates the formation of actin filaments with free barbed ends. Here, we investigated actin polymerization in soluble extracts of Acanthamoeba. RESULTS: Addition of actin filaments with free barbed ends to Acanthamoeba extracts is sufficient to induce polymerization of endogenous actin. Addition of activated Cdc42 or activation of Rho-family GTPases in these extracts by the non-hydrolyzable GTP analog GTPgammaS stimulated barbed-end polymerization, whereas immunodepletion of Arp2 or sequestration of Arp2 using solution-binding antibodies blocked Rho-family GTPase-induced actin polymerization. CONCLUSIONS: For this system, we conclude that the accessibility of free barbed ends regulates actin polymerization, that Rho-family GTPases stimulate polymerization catalytically by de novo nucleation of free barbed ends and that the primary nucleation factor in this pathway is the Arp2/3 complex. (+info)

Activation of the yeast Arp2/3 complex by Bee1p, a WASP-family protein. (6/259)

The Arp2/3 complex is a highly conserved cytoskeletal component that has been implicated in the nucleation of actin filament assembly. Purified Arp2/3 complex has a low intrinsic actin nucleation activity, leading to the hypothesis that an unidentified cellular activator is required for the function of this complex. We showed previously that mutations in the Arp2/3 complex and in Bee1p/Las17p, a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein(WASP) family, lead to a loss of cortical actin structures (patches) in yeast. Bee1p has also been identified as an essential nucleation factor in the reconstitution of actin patches in vitro. Recently, it was reported that WASP-like proteins might interact directly with the Arp2/3 complex through a conserved carboxy-terminal domain. Here, we have shown that Bee1p and the Arp2/3 complex co-immunoprecipitate when expressed at endogenous levels, and that this interaction requires both the Arc15p and Arc19p subunits of the Arp2/3 complex. Furthermore, the carboxy-terminal domain of Bee1p greatly stimulated the nucleation activity of purified Arp2/3 complex in vitro, suggesting a direct role for WASP-family proteins in the activation of the Arp2/3 complex. Interestingly, deletion of the carboxy-terminal domain of Bee1p neither abolished the localization of the Arp2/3 complex, as had been suggested, nor resulted in a severe defect in cortical actin assembly. These results indicate that the function of Bee1p is not mediated entirely through its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex, and that factors redundant with Bee1p might exist to activate the nucleation activity of the Arp2/3 complex. (+info)

Arp2/3 complex and actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin in dendritic organization and treadmilling of actin filament array in lamellipodia. (7/259)

The leading edge (approximately 1 microgram) of lamellipodia in Xenopus laevis keratocytes and fibroblasts was shown to have an extensively branched organization of actin filaments, which we term the dendritic brush. Pointed ends of individual filaments were located at Y-junctions, where the Arp2/3 complex was also localized, suggesting a role of the Arp2/3 complex in branch formation. Differential depolymerization experiments suggested that the Arp2/3 complex also provided protection of pointed ends from depolymerization. Actin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin was excluded from the distal 0.4 micrometer++ of the lamellipodial network of keratocytes and in fibroblasts it was located within the depolymerization-resistant zone. These results suggest that ADF/cofilin, per se, is not sufficient for actin brush depolymerization and a regulatory step is required. Our evidence supports a dendritic nucleation model (Mullins, R.D., J.A. Heuser, and T.D. Pollard. 1998. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:6181-6186) for lamellipodial protrusion, which involves treadmilling of a branched actin array instead of treadmilling of individual filaments. In this model, Arp2/3 complex and ADF/cofilin have antagonistic activities. Arp2/3 complex is responsible for integration of nascent actin filaments into the actin network at the cell front and stabilizing pointed ends from depolymerization, while ADF/cofilin promotes filament disassembly at the rear of the brush, presumably by pointed end depolymerization after dissociation of the Arp2/3 complex. (+info)

Genetic dissection of the budding yeast Arp2/3 complex: a comparison of the in vivo and structural roles of individual subunits. (8/259)

In previous work, we identified the yeast Arp2/3 complex, which localizes to cortical actin patches and is required for their motility and integrity in vivo. This complex contains proteins homologous to each subunit of the Acanthamoeba and human Arp2/3 complex except for a 40-kDa subunit (p40), which was missing from the purified yeast complex. Here, we demonstrate by using immunoprecipitation and gel-filtration analysis that Arc40p, the homolog of p40 identified from the yeast genome database, associates with the yeast Arp2/3 complex. We have carried out gene disruptions of each subunit of the yeast Arp2/3 complex to study each subunit's role in the function of the complex. Surprisingly, we find that only ARC40 is fully essential for cell viability. Strains lacking each of the other subunits exhibit varying degrees of defects in cell growth and viability and in assembly and polarization of cortical actin patches. We have also examined each subunit's role in maintaining the structural integrity of the Arp2/3 complex. Arp2p, Arp3p, and Arc40p fall into the monomer pool in Deltaarc19 and Deltaarc35 cells, suggesting that Arc19p and Arc35p are the central scaffolding components of the complex. Arp2p and Arp3p do not have major roles in maintaining complex integrity, and Arc15p is required for association of Arp2p and Arc40p, but not other subunits, with the complex. These results provide evidence that each subunit contributes differently to the assembly and function of the Arp2/3 complex. (+info)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid ... Schafer DA, Schroer TA (2000). "Actin-related proteins". Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 15: 341-63. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio. ... Actin-like protein 7A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTL7A gene. ... and expression of two novel actin genes, actin-like-7A (ACTL7A) and actin-like-7B (ACTL7B), from the familial dysautonomia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTL7A

Actin-related protein 3B also known as ARP3-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTR3B gene. Pseudogenes of this ... This gene encodes a member of the actin-related proteins (ARP), which form multiprotein complexes and share 35-55% amino acid ... "Entrez Gene: ACTR3B ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog B (yeast)". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Human ACTR3B ... the gene encoding a new human actin-related protein, is alternatively spliced and predominantly expressed in brain neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTR3B

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC1A gene. This gene encodes one ... "Entrez Gene: ARPC1A actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1A, 41kDa". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Human ARPC1A ... 1998). "Mammalian actin-related protein 2/3 complex localizes to regions of lamellipodial protrusion and is composed of ... This subunit is a member of the SOP2 family of proteins and is most similar to the protein encoded by gene ARPC1B. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPC1A

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC1B gene. This gene encodes one ... "Entrez Gene: ARPC1B actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1B, 41kDa". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Isoform ... Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q58CQ2 (Bovine Actin-related protein 2/3 complex ... "Mammalian actin-related protein 2/3 complex localizes to regions of lamellipodial protrusion and is composed of evolutionarily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPC1B

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC2 gene. This gene encodes one of ... "Entrez Gene: ARPC2 actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 2, 34kDa". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Weed SA, ... "Mammalian actin-related protein 2/3 complex localizes to regions of lamellipodial protrusion and is composed of evolutionarily ... "Cortactin localization to sites of actin assembly in lamellipodia requires interactions with F-actin and the Arp2/3 complex". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPC2

"Dia-interacting protein modulates formin-mediated actin assembly at the cell cortex". Curr. Biol. 17 (7): 579-91. doi:10.1016/j ... Wallar BJ, Deward AD, Resau JH, Alberts AS (2007). "RhoB and the mammalian Diaphanous-related formin mDia2 in endosome ... Protein diaphanous homolog 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DIAPH2 gene. This gene may play a role in the ... Satoh S, Tominaga T (2001). "mDia-interacting protein acts downstream of Rho-mDia and modifies Src activation and stress fiber ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIAPH2

2004). "The Sprouty-related protein, Spred, inhibits cell motility, metastasis, and Rho-mediated actin reorganization". ... Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPRED2 gene. SPRED2 is a member ... GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Legius syndrome SPRED1 Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 v t e. ... 2001). "Spred is a Sprouty-related suppressor of Ras signalling". Nature. 412 (6847): 647-51. Bibcode:2001Natur.412..647W. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPRED2

Rho proteins promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate cell shape and motility. RhoC can activate formins ... It has been found to have a direct relationship to advanced tumor stage and metastasis, with increases in stage being related ... 1999). "Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase". Science. 285 (5429): 895-8. ... Here is a list of the ones found so far: IQGAP1 (IQ-domain GTP-ase Activating Protein): an effector of RhoC to enhance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RhoC

Actin-related protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTR2 gene. The specific function of ACTR2 has not yet ... "Entrez Gene: ACTR2 ARP2 actin-related protein 2 homolog (yeast)". Bearer EL, Prakash JM, Li Z (2002). "Actin dynamics in ... "The complex containing actin-related proteins Arp2 and Arp3 is required for the motility and integrity of yeast actin patches ... 1998). "Mammalian actin-related protein 2/3 complex localizes to regions of lamellipodial protrusion and is composed of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTR2

"The complex containing actin-related proteins Arp2 and Arp3 is required for the motility and integrity of yeast actin patches ... Actin-related protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTR3 gene. The specific function of this gene has not ... "Entrez Gene: ACTR3 ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog (yeast)". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Weed SA, Karginov AV ... Machesky LM, Insall RH (1999). "Scar1 and the related Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, WASP, regulate the actin cytoskeleton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTR3

The actin formation required to close the wounds in young chicks is controlled by Rho GTPase proteins, since, after injection ... Didsbury J, Weber RF, Bokoch GM, Evans T, Snyderman R (1989). "Rac, a novel ras-related family of proteins that are botulinum ... A second target to explain the role of the Rho proteins in cancer is their regulatory proteins. Rho proteins are very tightly ... GDI proteins form a large complex with the Rho protein, helping to prevent diffusion within the membrane and into the cytosol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_family_of_GTPases

"The Nucleo-cytoplasmic actin-binding protein CapG lacks a nuclear export sequence present in structurally related proteins". ... Myopodin contains a novel actin binding site (between amino acids 410 and 563) in the center of the protein. During myotube ... Myopodin protein, also called Synaptopodin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SYNPO2 gene. Myopodin is expressed ... "Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB) -- Protein Information". heartproteome.org. "SYNPO2 - Synaptopodin-2 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYNPO2

Zhang Y, Chen K, Tu Y, Wu C (2004). "Distinct roles of two structurally closely related focal adhesion proteins, alpha-parvins ... Members of the parvin family, including PARVA, PARVB and PARVG, are actin-binding proteins associated with focal contacts.[ ... Olski TM, Noegel AA, Korenbaum E (Feb 2001). "Parvin, a 42 kDa focal adhesion protein, related to the alpha-actinin superfamily ... 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. doi:10.1038 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARVA

2013 Phosphorylation of actin-related protein 2 (Arp2) is required for normal development and cAMP chemotaxis in Dictyostelium ... The current focus is on the transcriptional events linked to these actin dynamics. The final main focus of her research is on ... 2008 Cofilin is a pH sensor for actin free barbed end formation. J. Cell Biol. 183:865-879 (Highlighted in Journal; Cited in ... 2009 The Na-H exchanger NHE1 is an Akt substrate necessary for actin filament reorganization by growth factors. J Biol Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diane_Barber

Machesky LM, Insall RH (1998). "Scar1 and the related Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, WASP, regulate the actin cytoskeleton ... The WH2 domain binds to actin monomers and can facilitate the assembly of actin monomers into actin filaments. Human genes ... It is found in WASP proteins which control actin polymerisation, therefore, WH2 is important in cellular processes such as cell ... WH2 proteins occur in eukaryotes from yeast to mammals, in insect viruses, and in some bacteria. The WH2 domain is found as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WH2_motif

Actin-binding LIM protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABLIM3 gene. The LIM domain is a double zinc finger ... Diseases associated with ABLIM3 include hepatoblastoma, and among its related super-pathways are axon guidance and DCC mediated ... "Entrez Gene: ABLIM3 actin binding LIM protein family, member 3". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Krupp M, Weinmann A, ... Krupp M, Weinmann A, Galle PR, Teufel A (Jan 2006). "Actin binding LIM protein 3 (abLIM3)". International Journal of Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABLIM3

Coronin, actin binding protein, 1B also known as CORO1B is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CORO1B gene. Members of ... Studies related to this protein are as follows: Coronin 1B antagonizes cortactin and remodels Arp2/3-containing actin branches ... Okumura M, Kung C, Wong S, Rodgers M, Thomas ML (September 1998). "Definition of family of coronin-related proteins conserved ... "Entrez Gene: CORO1B coronin, actin binding protein, 1B". Cai L, Makhov AM, Schafer DA, Bear JE (September 2008). "Coronin 1B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CORO1B

Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (N-WASP). This IcsA/N-WASP complex then activates the Actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 ... S. flexneri is a rod shaped, nonflagellar bacterium that relies on actin-based motility. It produces the protein actin in a ... The IcsA protein is first localized to one pole of the bacterium where it will then bind with the host's protein, ... "Activation of the Cdc42 Effector N-Wasp by the Shigella flexneri Icsa Protein Promotes Actin Nucleation by Arp2/3 Complex and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigella_flexneri

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC3 gene. This gene encodes one of ... "Entrez Gene: ARPC3 actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 3, 21kDa". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Welch MD, ... "Mammalian actin-related protein 2/3 complex localizes to regions of lamellipodial protrusion and is composed of evolutionarily ... Marchand JB, Kaiser DA, Pollard TD, Higgs HN (2001). "Interaction of WASP/Scar proteins with actin and vertebrate Arp2/3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPC3

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC4 gene. This gene encodes one of ... "Entrez Gene: ARPC4 actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 4, 20kDa". "Dysmorphology data for Arpc4". Wellcome Trust Sanger ... "Mammalian actin-related protein 2/3 complex localizes to regions of lamellipodial protrusion and is composed of evolutionarily ... "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957-68. doi:10.1016/j.cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPC4

"Alternative splicing products of the gene for a human nuclear actin-related protein, hArpNbeta/Baf53, that encode a protein ... Actin-like protein 6A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTL6A gene. This gene encodes a family member of actin- ... related proteins (ARPs), which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. Both actins and ARPs have ... Kuroda Y, Oma Y, Nishimori K, Ohta T, Harata M (November 2002). "Brain-specific expression of the nuclear actin-related protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACTL6A

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARPC5 gene. This gene encodes one of ... "Entrez Gene: ARPC5 actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5, 16kDa". Millard TH, Behrendt B, Launay S, Fütterer K, Machesky ... "Mammalian actin-related protein 2/3 complex localizes to regions of lamellipodial protrusion and is composed of evolutionarily ... "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3 (1): 89. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPC5

Machesky LM, Insall RH (March 1999). "Scar1 and the related Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, WASP, regulate the actin ... Bear JE, Rawls JF, Saxe CL (1998). "SCAR, a WASP-related protein, isolated as a suppressor of receptor defects in late ... Miki H, Suetsugu S, Takenawa T (February 1999). "WAVE, a novel WASP-family protein involved in actin reorganization induced by ... Marchand JB, Kaiser DA, Pollard TD, Higgs HN (2001). "Interaction of WASP/Scar proteins with actin and vertebrate Arp2/3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASF1

The cytoplasmic tail of PVRL1 can bind the protein afadin which is a scaffolding protein that binds actin. In the chemical ... is a human protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), also considered a member of the nectins. It is a membrane protein ... "Entry of alphaherpesviruses mediated by poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 and poliovirus receptor". Science. 280 (5369): ... The protein has been revealed as one of the key players in mediating cellular entry of the Herpes simplex virus by interacting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirus_receptor-related_1

Afadin is an actin filament-binding protein that connects nectins to the actin cytoskeleton. The nectin-afadin system organizes ... "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode:2005Natur. ... Poliovirus receptor-related 3 (PVRL3), also known as nectin-3 and CD113, is a human protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily ... PVRL3+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirus_receptor-related_3

Zhao L, Gregoire F, Sul HS (Jun 2000). "Transient induction of ENC-1, a Kelch-related actin-binding protein, is required for ... encodes an actin-binding protein.[supplied by OMIM] ENC1 has been shown to interact with Retinoblastoma protein. Model ... Ectoderm-neural cortex protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ENC1 gene. DNA damage and/or hyperproliferative ... "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode:2005Natur. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENC1

"Analysis of Dynactin Subcomplexes Reveals a Novel Actin-Related Protein Associated with the Arp1 Minifilament Pointed End". The ... The encoded protein is a component of the pointed-end subcomplex and is thought to bind membranous cargo. A pseudogene of this ... Dynactin 5 (p25) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCTN5 gene. This gene encodes a subunit of dynactin, a component ... 474 (7351): 262-3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718. Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A Mouse for All Reasons". Cell. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCTN5

... paling tidak terdapat 8 jenis protein yang mengandung aktin, disebut actin-related proteins (ARPs). Walaupun banyak ARP ... "Nuclear actin and actin-binding proteins in the regulation of transcription and gene expression". The FEBS journal. 276 (10): ... Aktin adalah protein globular multifungsi dengan massa sekitar 42-kDa yang membentuk mikrofilamen. Aktin berperan dalam proses ... Pada sebagian besar sel eukariotik, aktin merupakan protein paling melimpah. Sebagai bagian penting dari sitoskeleton, aktin ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktin

Olski TM, Noegel AA, Korenbaum E (Feb 2001). "Parvin, a 42 kDa focal adhesion protein, related to the alpha-actinin superfamily ... Members of the parvin family, including PARVG, PARVA and PARVB, are actin-binding proteins associated with focal contacts.[ ... Gamma-parvin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PARVG gene. ... "Genomic organization and expression profile of the parvin family of focal adhesion proteins in mice and humans". Gene. 279 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PARVG

Nebulin-related-anchoring protein (N-RAP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRAP gene. N-RAP is a muscle-specific ... In adult cardiac muscle, N-RAP colocalizes to intercalated discs, where it functions to anchor terminal actin filaments to the ... "Nebulin-related-anchoring protein". Cardiac Organellar Protein Atlas Knowledgebase (COPaKB). Zong, N. C.; Li, H; Li, H; Lam, M ... Luo G, Herrera AH, Horowits R (May 1999). "Molecular interactions of N-RAP, a nebulin-related protein of striated muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRAP

endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. · protein localization to nucleus. · sterol regulatory element binding protein ... LMNA-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy. 19 September 2013. PMID 20301717. NBK1674.. In GeneReviews *OMIM Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, ... Association of emerin with nuclear and cytoplasmic actin is regulated in differentiating myoblasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. ... It stays associated with the membrane through protein-protein interactions of itself and other membrane associated proteins, ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMNA

"The cytoplasmic domain of the cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin associates with three independent proteins structurally related ... Through the interaction of β-catenin and α-catenin, actin and E-cadherin are linked, providing the cell with a means of stable ... A-catenin can bind to β-catenin and can also bind actin. B-catenin binds the cytoplasmic domain of some cadherins. Additional ... Catenins are a family of proteins found in complexes with cadherin cell adhesion molecules of animal cells. The first two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

Adducin is a heterodimeric protein that consists of related subunits, which are produced from distinct genes but share a ... phosphorylation in the MARCKS-related domain inhibits activity in promoting spectrin-actin complexes and occurs in many cells, ... Alpha-adducin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADD1 gene. Adducins are a family of cytoskeleton proteins encoded ... Adducin binds with high affinity to Ca(2+)/calmodulin and is a substrate for protein kinases A and C. Alternative splicing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADD1

Levesque G (1999). "Presenilins interact with armadillo proteins including neural-specific plakophilin-related protein and beta ... "Interaction of presenilins with the filamin family of actin-binding proteins". J. Neurosci. 18 (3): 914-22. PMC 2042137. PMID ... protein processing. • protein maturation. • myeloid dendritic cell differentiation. • autophagy. • protein glycosylation. • ... positive regulation of protein kinase activity. • T cell activation involved in immune response. • cellular protein metabolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSEN1

978-3-540-13679-8. . PMID 6240757.. *^ Vallbo AB, al-Falahe NA (February 1990). "Human muscle spindle response in a motor ... 3) Fusimotor template of intended movement. Static gamma activity is a "temporal template" of the expected shortening and ... 571 (Pt 3): 711-23. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.101634. PMC 1805796. PMID 16423858.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_spindle

Proteins related to the cytoskeleton components of other organisms exist in archaea,[89] and filaments form within their cells, ... "An actin homolog of the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum that retains the ancient characteristics of eukaryotic actin". J. ... The proteins that archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes share form a common core of cell function, relating mostly to transcription ... but is most closely related to the Crenarchaeota.[21][22] Other recently detected species of archaea are only distantly related ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea

TATA-binding protein (TBP) can be recruited in two ways, by SAGA, a cofactor for RNA polymerase II, or by TFIID.[11] When ... The TATA box is also found in 40% of the core promoters of genes that code for the actin cytoskeleton and contractile apparatus ... In specific cell types or on specific promoters TBP can be replaced by one of several TBP-related factors (TRF1 in Drosophila, ... "TATA-binding protein recognition and bending of a consensus promoter are protein species dependent". Biochemistry. 47 (27): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TATA_box

... another Ras-related GTP-binding protein, is implicated in the regulation of the actin organisation in presence of extracellular ... In addition, the inactivation of Rho protein by ADP-ribosylation in Rac1 microinjection reduced the formation of actin stress ... "The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth ... It was already known that other Ga proteins could induce Rho activation (i.e. Ga13 activates p115 Rho GEF, which in turn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hall

... actin) myofilament (muscle filaments or proteins) that overlaps to format a cross-bridge bond (attachment)".[1] ... While eccentric stress is related to the injury, high force eccentric exercises are needed to maximize recovery.[23] ... shortening of a muscle occurs as the myosin and actin cross bridges repeatedly attach and detach to draw the actin across the ... 89 (3): 559-57. doi:10.2106/jbjs.f.00385. PMID 17332105.. *^ a b c d e LaStayo, Paul C. Ph.D; Woolf, John M.; Lewek, Michael D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentric_training

positive regulation of protein kinase activity. • regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. • ... Humbert S, Dhavan R, Tsai L (2000). "p39 activates cdk5 in neurons, and is associated with the actin cytoskeleton". J. Cell Sci ... Agarwal-Mawal A, Paudel HK (2001). "Neuronal Cdc2-like protein kinase (Cdk5/p25) is associated with protein phosphatase 1 and ... cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 activator activity. • lipid binding. Cellular component. • cytoplasm. • cyclin-dependent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDK5R2

These proteins, generated by plasma cells, normally bind to pathogens, targeting them for destruction. Absent B cells with a ... which is a basic line of defence that is independent of the more advanced lymphocyte-related systems. Many of these conditions ... Beta-actin deficiency Localized juvenile periodontitis Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome Specific granule deficiency Shwachman-Diamond ... Complement deficiencies are the result of a lack of any of these proteins. They may predispose to infections but also to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_immunodeficiency

In APS there are also antibodies binding to Protein S, which is a co-factor of protein C. Thus, anti-protein S antibodies ... APS provokes blood clots (thrombosis) in both arteries and veins as well as pregnancy-related complications such as miscarriage ... Protein C deficiency/Activated protein C resistance/Protein S deficiency/Factor V Leiden ... Levels of protein C, free and total protein S, factor VIII, antithrombin, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

... another cytoskeletal protein, to create stable and integrated cytoskeletal networks.[58] Actins have a variety of roles in ... BDNF is a critical mediator of vulnerability to stress, memory of fear/trauma, and stress-related disorders such as post- ... positive regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity. • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase ... Binding proteins: IGFBP (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). *Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target: Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF

"An actin homolog of the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum that retains the ancient characteristics of eukaryotic actin". J. ... 2002). "Introns in protein-coding genes in Archaea". FEBS Lett. 510 (1-2): 27-30. PMID 11755525. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01) ... Gupta R.S. (1998). "What are archaebacteria: life's third domain or monoderm prokaryotes related to gram-positive bacteria? A ... Nguyen L, Paulsen IT, Tchieu J, Hueck CJ, Saier MH (2000). "Phylogenetic analyses of the constituents of Type III protein ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea

"Cloning from the thyroid of a protein related to actin binding protein that is recognized by Graves disease immunoglobulins". ... identical protein binding. • protein binding. • actin binding. • RNA binding. • cadherin binding. Cellular component. • ... Filamin B, beta (FLNB), also known as Filamin B, beta (actin binding protein 278), is a cytoplasmic protein which in humans is ... Xu W, Xie Z, Chung DW, Davie EW (1998). "A novel human actin-binding protein homologue that binds to platelet glycoprotein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLNB

protein binding. • protease binding. • tumor necrosis factor receptor binding. • cytokine activity. • identical protein binding ... cortical actin cytoskeleton organization. • embryonic digestive tract development. • leukocyte migration. • lipopolysaccharide- ... Activation of the MAPK pathways: Of the three major MAPK cascades, TNF induces a strong activation of the stress-related JNK ... positive regulation of protein complex assembly. • protein kinase B signaling. • positive regulation of cytokine production. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha

Many of these, such as phagocytosis and podosome formation, related to its role in regulating the polymerization of actin ... protein binding. • identical protein binding. • actin binding. • protein kinase binding. • small GTPase binding. • Rac GTPase ... protein complex assembly. • actin filament organization. • negative regulation of cell motility. • blood coagulation. • ... a protein associated with wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein, induces actin polymerization and redistribution in lymphoid cells" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskott-Aldrich_syndrome_protein

Muscle cells are filled with proteins called actin and myosin. These are the proteins that make the muscle contract (get ... Related pages[change , change source]. *Bodybuilding. *Strength training. *Trapezius muscle. References[change , change source] ... This calcium sticks to the specialized proteins actin and myosin. This triggers these proteins to contract the muscle. ... These holes are proteins that are called calcium channels. The calcium ions rush into the cell. Calcium also comes out of a ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscles

... using the CAS-related proteins (p130Cas, NEDD9/HEF1 and EFS) mRNAs as templates. Singh et al. subsequently cloned and ... "Entrez Gene: Cas scaffolding protein family member 4".. *^ a b Tikhmyanova N, Little JL, Golemis EA (April 2010). "CAS proteins ... Cas scaffolding protein family member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CASS4 gene.[5] ... Protein family[edit]. In vertebrates, the CAS protein family contains four members: p130Cas/BCAR1, NEDD9/HEF1, EFS and CASS4. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASS4

... family of proteins, tendon, muscle proteins like actin, cell proteins like microtubules and many others, spider silk, sinew and ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fibers.. *Ceramic matrix composite. *Dietary fiber ... Biological fibers also known as fibrous proteins or protein filaments consist largely of biologically relevant and biologically ... Animal fibers consist largely of particular proteins. Instances are silkworm silk, spider silk, sinew, catgut, wool, sea silk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-made_fiber

... another cytoskeletal protein, to create stable and integrated cytoskeletal networks.[54] Actins have a variety of roles in ... In addition to mediating transient effects on NMDAR activation to promote memory-related molecular changes, BDNF should also ... positive regulation of non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity. • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase ... Binding proteins: IGFBP (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). *Cleavage products/derivatives with unknown target: Glypromate (GPE, (1-3)IGF-1) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_derived_neurotrophic_factor

... attaches to the actin cytoskeleton through anchor proteins that are still poorly characterized. ... protein binding. • calcium ion binding. • metal ion binding. Cellular component. • integral component of membrane. • membrane. ... an EGF-like domain and a complement-binding protein-like domains (same as complement regulatory proteins: CRP) having short ... calcium-dependent protein binding. • glycosphingolipid binding. • fucose binding. • carbohydrate binding. • sialic acid binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-selectin

CENP-E is a 312kDa protein from the kinesin motor protein family. CENP-F is a 367kDa protein from the nuclear matrix that ... 54kDa and 60kDa proteins and RNA. The 60kDa DNA/RNA binding protein and 52kDa T-cell regulatory protein are the best ... The retroviral gag protein shows similarity to the La protein and is proposed as a possible example for molecular mimicry in ... CENP-B is an 80kDa DNA binding protein involved in the folding of heterochromatin. CENP-C is a 140kDa protein involved in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_antibody

... which generates branched actin filaments. Several proteins can serve as NPFs, and it has been observed that in WAS platelets ... The current gold standard for diagnosis is genomic DNA sequence analysis, which can detect WAS and the related disorders XLT ... The protein product of WAS is known as WASp. It contains 502 amino acids and is mainly expressed in hematopoietic cells (the ... Alleles that produce no or truncated protein have more severe effects than missense mutations.[12] Although autoimmune disease ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskott-Aldrich_syndrome

... cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes ... Media related to muscles at Wikimedia Commons. *University of Dundee article on performing neurological examinations ( ... that were present in all bilaterians muscle ancestors and that of these for necessary Z-disc components only an actin protein ... Within the cells of the muscle are myofibrils, which themselves are bundles of protein filaments. The term "myofibril" should ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle

Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton ... Proteins are not entirely rigid molecules. In addition to these levels of structure, proteins may shift between several related ... Main article: Protein domain. Many proteins are composed of several protein domains, i.e. segments of a protein that fold into ... globular proteins, fibrous proteins, and membrane proteins. Almost all globular proteins are soluble and many are enzymes. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesis

... green fluorescent protein with the protein of interest).. Techniques used for horizontal scanning[edit]. Four types of confocal ... Example of a stack of confocal microscope images showing the distribution of actin filaments throughout a cell. ... Two-photon excitation microscopy: Although they use a related technology (both are laser scanning microscopes), multiphoton ... GFP fusion protein being expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. The fluorescence is visible by confocal microscopy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscope

These polypeptides usually have a related function (they often are the subunits composing a final complex protein) and their ... actin mRNA associates with ZBP1 and the 40S subunit. The complex is bound by a motor protein and is transported to the target ... binding protein. eIF-4E and eIF-4G block the decapping enzyme (DCP2), and poly(A)-binding protein blocks the exosome complex, ... Proteins that are needed in a particular region of the cell can also be translated there; in such a case, the 3' UTR may ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA

Several different proteins can be affected, and the specific protein that is absent or defective identifies the specific type ... Desmin: Desmin-related myofibrillar myopathy. *Dilated cardiomyopathy 1I. *GFAP: Alexander disease. *Peripherin: Amyotrophic ... Among the proteins affected in LGMD are α, β, γ and δ sarcoglycans. The sarcoglycanopathies could be possibly amenable to gene ... Protein MYOT (also known as TTID one of the many genes whose mutations are responsible for this condition). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysferlinopathy

The activity of A2A adenosine receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor family member, is mediated by G proteins that activate ... myosin light chain plus actin → bronchoconstriction[citation needed] ... age related changes as well as injury repair. ... This protein also interacts with netrin-1, which is involved in ... The adenosine receptors (or P1 receptors[1]) are a class of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors with adenosine as the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_receptor

We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their ... InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites ... Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1 (IPR017383) *Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (IPR030141) ... Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (IPR030141). Short name: ARC1B ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR030141

Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These ... The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex ... Previous Names: "actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5 (16 kD)", "actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5, 16kDa" ... White boxes represent UTRs (untranslated regions). Orange: protein coding regions. The black lines connecting boxes represent ...

https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/gene/ARPC5?chromosome=chr1&range=183604794&v=hg19

Scar, a WASp-related protein, activates nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex. Laura M. Machesky, R. Dyche ... Scar, a WASp-related protein, activates nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex ... actin monomers with 300 nM actin filaments preincubated with 29 nM Scar-PWA; (♦) actin monomers with 300 nM actin filaments ... Scar, a WASp-related protein, activates nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/96/7/3739/tab-figures-data

... a stable assembly of two actin-related proteins (Arp2 and Arp3) with five other subunits, caps the pointed end of actin ... This stable and abundant complex of two actin-related proteins (Arp2 and Arp3) with five other polypeptides nucleates actin ... Scar, a WASp-related protein, activates nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex. Laura M. Machesky, R. Dyche ... We conclude that Scar and, likely, related proteins like WASp are endogenous activators of de novo actin filament assembly. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/96/7/3739?ijkey=ca9065027a106fd75239ca72610aeada6d845167&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

General protein information Go to the top of the page Help Preferred Names. actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like ... mRNA and Protein(s) * XM_006498389.3 → XP_006498452.1 actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein isoform X2 ... mRNA and Protein(s) * NM_028809.1 → NP_083085.1 actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein ... actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5-likeprovided by MGI. Primary source. MGI:MGI:1921442 See related. Ensembl: ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/?term=74192

... mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Seems to contact the mother actin filament. ... Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together ... Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4UniRule annotation. Automatic assertion according to rulesi ... tr,B5FYW3,B5FYW3_TAEGU Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 OS=Taeniopygia guttata OX=59729 PE=2 SV=1 ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B5FYW3

Compare actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, ... actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a widely used ... Bovine Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A (ARPC1A) ELISA Kit ... Canine Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A (ARPC1A) ELISA Kit ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-2268682/ELISA_Kit/ELISA_actin_related_protein_23_complex_subunit_1A

... mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis ... Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an ... Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5UniRule annotation. Automatic assertion according to rulesi ... tr,B1ALC0,B1ALC0_HUMAN Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 OS=Homo sapiens OX=9606 GN=ARPC5 PE=1 SV=1 ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B1ALC0

Compare actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, ... actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like ELISA Kits. Clear ... actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well- ... Bovine Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein (ARPC5L) ELISA Kit ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-2273513/ELISA_Kit/ELISA_actin_related_protein_23_complex_subunit_5-like

... protein-containing complex binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN response to estradiol (ortholog); response to estrogen (ortholog); ... ENCODES a protein that exhibits actin filament binding (ortholog); ... actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B. Orthologs:. Homo sapiens (human) : ARPC1B (actin related protein 2/3 complex ... actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B. Description:. ENCODES a protein that exhibits actin filament binding (ortholog); ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=14229395

... actin-related protein ARP4 , actin-related protein Arp11 , ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog B ... actin-related protein 3B , ARP3 actin-related protein 3 homolog B (yeast) , ARP3-beta , actin-like protein 3B , actin-related ... Protein Überblick This gene encodes a member of the actin-related proteins (ARP), which form multiprotein complexes and share ... anti-ARP3 Actin-Related Protein 3 Homolog B (Yeast) (ACTR3B) Antikörper Primary Antibody ACTR3B Reaktivität: Human WB Wirt: ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/regulation-of-actin-filament-polymerization-pathway-56/actr3b-antibody-22977/

Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These ... The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex ... SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 - Q6STE5 (SMRD3_HUMAN) ... The precise distribution of the related SMARCD1, SMARCD2 and SMARCD3 proteins among these and other SWI/SNF nucleosome- ...

https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/protein/Q6STE5

Rabbit Polyclonal Anti-actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B Antibody. Validated: WB, IHC, IHC-P. Tested Reactivity: ... Discover related pathways, diseases and genes to actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B Antibody (NBP1-90114). Need help ... Discover more about diseases related to actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B Antibody (NBP1-90114). ... Learn more about PTMs related to actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B Antibody (NBP1-90114). ...

https://www.novusbio.com/products/actin-related-protein-2-3-complex-subunit-1b-antibody_nbp1-90114

similar to actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5 Symbol and Name status set to provisional. 70820. PROVISIONAL. ... Gene: LOC686150 (similar to actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5) Rattus norvegicus. {{ watchLinkText }} ... Protein-Protein Interactions) PhenoMiner (Quatitative Phenotypes) Gene Annotator OLGA (Gene List Generator) RatMine GViewer ( ... Aging & Age-Related Disease Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Developmental Disease Diabetes Hematologic Disease Immune & ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=1585449

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe actin-related protein, Arp3, is a component of the cortical actin cytoskeleton and interacts with ... Mutations in Actin-Related Proteins 2 and 3 Affect Cell Shape Development in Arabidopsis. Jaideep Mathur, Neeta Mathur, Birgit ... ACTIN-RELATED PROTEINS 2 and 3 form the major subunits of the ARP2/3 complex, which is known as an important regulator of actin ... Moreau, V., Galan, J.-M., DeVilliers, G., Haguenauer-Tsapis, R., and Winsor, B. (1997). The yeast actin-related protein Arp2p ...

http://www.plantcell.org/content/15/7/1632.full

OMIM: ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN 2/3 COMPLEX, SUBUNIT 1A; ARPC1A*Gene Ontology: Arpc1a *Mouse Phenome DB: Arpc1a *UCSC: Chr.5: ... actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1A. Synonyms: 0610010H08Rik, 1110030K07Rik, Sid32. Gene nomenclature, locus ...

https://www.komp.org/geneinfo.php?geneid=23773

What is actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5? Meaning of actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5 medical term. ... What does actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5 mean? ... Looking for online definition of actin related protein 2/3 ... complex, subunit 5 in the Medical Dictionary? actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5 explanation free. ... redirected from actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5) ARPC5. A gene on chromosome 1q25.3 that encodes p16, one of the ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/actin+related+protein+2%2F3+complex%2C+subunit+5

... mediates the formation of branched actin networks. [The UniProt Consortium] ... Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an ... ARPC5, Recombinant, Human, aa1-151, His-tag (Actin-related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 5 Protein, A ... Customer review for "ARPC5, Recombinant, Human, aa1-151, His-tag (Actin-related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 5 Protein, A" ...

https://www.biomol.com/products/proteins-and-peptides/proteins/arpc5-recombinant-human-aa1-151-his-tag-actin-related-protein-2/3-complex-subunit-5-protein-a-a0760-89c.100

Recombinant human ARPC5 protein, fused to His-tag at N-terminus, was expressed in E. coli and purified by using conventional ... Recombinant Mouse ARPC5 Protein. +Inquiry. ARPC5-696H. Recombinant Human actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5, 16kDa, ... Recombinant Human Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex, Subunit 5, 16kDa, His-tagged. ARPC5 Related Products By Species ... Recombinant Human Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex, Subunit 5, 16kDa, His-tagged ARPC5-4975H. ...

https://www.creativebiomart.net/description_35428_12.htm

What is actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4? Meaning of actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 medical term. What ... Looking for online definition of actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 in the Medical Dictionary? actin-related protein 2 ... redirected from actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4) ARPC4. A gene on chromosome 3p25.3 that encodes p20, one of the ... Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 , definition of actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 by Medical dictionary ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/actin-related+protein+2%2F3+complex+subunit+4

The human Arp2/3 complx is composed of evolutionarily conserved subunits and is localized to cellular regions of dynamic actin ... The Actin-Related Protein 2/3 Complex. Molecular Exploration Project - The Principles of Cellular Control (CELL2007) ... 3) Maddugoda, M.P., Stefani, C., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, D., Saarikangas, J., Torrino, S., Janel, S., Munro, P., Doye, A., Prodon, ... 1) Welch, M.D., Depace, A.H. , Vermas, s., Iwanatsu, A. and Mitchison, T.J. The human Arp2/3 complx is composed of ...

https://arp23.wordpress.com/fasta/references/

HCA RNA Cell Line for Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B. ... Compartment GO Terms for Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B. ... This subunit is a member of the SOP2 family of proteins and is most similar to the protein encoded by gene ARPC1A. The ... This protein also has a role in centrosomal homeostasis by being an activator and substrate of the Aurora A kinase. [provided ...

https://pharos.nih.gov/idg/targets/ARPC1B

... an actin monomer, a mother filament and a nucleation promoting-factor needed to activate the complex which is intrinsically ... Introduction The Arp2/3 complex is responsible for nucleation of actin filaments to form branches at a distinct 70 degrees ... Several factors are known to interact with the Arp2/3 complex, most… ... The Actin-Related Protein 2/3 Complex. Molecular Exploration Project - The Principles of Cellular Control (CELL2007) ...

https://arp23.wordpress.com/molecular-renderings/1-introduction/

... the actin-nucleating formins, Diaphanous-1 (DIA1) and Formin-like-1 (FMNL1), did not affect TCR-stimulated F-actin-rich ... and formin-dependent F-actin nucleation during T cell activation. We demonstrated that without Arp2/3-mediated actin nucleation ... stimulated T cells could not form an F-actin-rich lamellipod, but instead produced polarized filopodia-like structures. ... Altogether, our results have identified Arp2/3 complex-independent cytoskeletal reorganization events in T lymphocytes and ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Formins-regulate-the-actin-related-protein-2-3-com-Gomez-Kumar/af4e042e4f245c878d26e7bdf16548eddfae0931

Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 3 superfamily (IPR036753). Add your Annotation. Your annotation. You may suggest ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR036753/add-annotation

actin filament associated protein 1provided by VGNC. Primary source. VGNC:VGNC:10814 Locus tag. CK820_G0050529. See related. ... AFAP1 actin filament associated protein 1 [Pan troglodytes] AFAP1 actin filament associated protein 1 [Pan troglodytes]. Gene ... XM_009447333.3 → XP_009445608.2 actin filament-associated protein 1 isoform X3. UniProtKB/TrEMBL. K7DSM5 Related. ... XM_009447332.3 → XP_009445607.2 actin filament-associated protein 1 isoform X1. Related. ENSPTRP00000027381.6 Conserved Domains ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/461111

Protein Coding), Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, ... Protein details for ARPC2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot). Protein Symbol:. O15144-ARPC2_HUMAN. Recommended name:. Actin-related ... ARPC2 Gene (Protein Coding) Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 2. ... ARPC2 (Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Vesicle-mediated ...

https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ARPC2

Related Articles. Cited By.... More in this TOC Section. *. Choice Behavior Guided by Learned, But Not Innate, Taste Aversion ... However, although a number of actin-binding proteins have been found in growth cones, it is not known how these proteins come ... An actin-associated protein present in the microtubule organizing center and the growth cones of PC-12 cells. EL Bearer ... An actin-associated protein present in the microtubule organizing center and the growth cones of PC-12 cells ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/12/3/750

... proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium ... Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 3 Pseudogene 3, including: function, ... ARPC3P3 (Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 3 Pseudogene 3) is a Pseudogene. ... Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for ARPC3P3 ...

https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ARPC3P3

She utilized these tools to reveal the architectural blueprint and dynamics of protein-based nano-machines that self-assemble ... Related News January 17, 2019. Tri-institutional symposium inspires young scientists to get involved in policy Over 230 ... Painting Chromatin with Synthetic Protein Chemistry The John M. Lewis Memorial Lecture ... and she defined molecular pathways governing the orchestration of these protein machines in space and time. Dr. Waterman ...

https://www.rockefeller.edu/events-and-lectures/27220-tba-14/

The Arp2/3 complex binds to pre-existing actin filaments and nucleates new daughter filaments, and thus becomes incorporated into the dynamic actin network at the leading edge of motile cells and other actin-based protrusive structures [ PMID: 9600938 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
The interaction of Arp2/3 complex with actin: nucleation, high affinity pointed end capping, and formation of branching networks of filaments. (ebi.ac.uk)
B ) SDS/PAGE of 10 μg of purified Arp2/3 complexes. (pnas.org)
B, amoeba Arp2/3 complex B. H, human Arp2/3 complex. (pnas.org)
Effects of Scar constructs, Arp2/3 complex, and profilin on the time course of actin polymerization. (pnas.org)
50 nM Scar-PWA ( A ) or 50 nM full length Scar ( B ). Without Arp2/3 complex, these concentrations of Scar constructs have no effect on actin polymerization in either the presence or absence of profilin-I or profilin-II. (pnas.org)
Dependence of the activation of actin nucleation by Arp2/3 complex A on the concentrations of Scar-PWA ( A ) and Scar-WA ( B ). Conditions: 3.3 μM actin and 0.9 μM amoeba Arp2/3 complex A with Scar-WA or Scar-PWA as indicated by the micromolar concentrations beside each curve. (pnas.org)
The effect on the time course of polymerization of preincubating Arp2/3 complex and/or Scar constructs with actin filaments before the addition of actin monomers. (pnas.org)
The symbols used are defined in A , except that ○ indicates actin monomers with 300 nM actin filaments preincubated with 400 nM phalloidin/29 nM Scar-PWA/15 nM amoeba Arp2/3 complex A for 1 min. (pnas.org)
The association of Arp2/3 complex with Scar and the side of an actin filament activates nucleation of a new actin filament, which is capped at its pointed end by the Arp2/3 complex and which grows in the barbed direction as a branch of the older filament. (pnas.org)
Scar could bind to Arp2/3 complex before their association with the side of an actin filament. (pnas.org)
The Arp2/3 complex, a stable assembly of two actin-related proteins (Arp2 and Arp3) with five other subunits, caps the pointed end of actin filaments and nucleates actin polymerization with low efficiency. (pnas.org)
WASp and Scar are two similar proteins that bind the p21 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex, but their effect on the nucleation activity of the complex was not known. (pnas.org)
We report that full-length, recombinant human Scar protein, as well as N-terminally truncated Scar proteins, enhance nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex. (pnas.org)
The actin monomer-binding W domain and the p21-binding A domain from the C terminus of Scar are both required to activate Arp2/3 complex. (pnas.org)
Preincubating Scar and Arp2/3 complex with actin filaments overcomes the initial lag in polymerization, suggesting that efficient nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex requires assembly on the side of a preexisting filament-a dendritic nucleation mechanism. (pnas.org)
The Arp2/3 complex with full-length Scar, Scar containing P, W, and A domains, or Scar containing W and A domains overcomes inhibition of nucleation by the actin monomer-binding protein profilin, giving active nucleation over a low background of spontaneous nucleation. (pnas.org)
These results show that Scar and, likely, related proteins, such as the Cdc42 targets WASp and N-WASp, are endogenous activators of actin polymerization by the Arp2/3 complex. (pnas.org)
The Arp2/3 complex ( 10 ) is the prime candidate to create new actin filaments that grow at the barbed ends ( 9 , 11 , 12 ). (pnas.org)
This stable and abundant complex of two actin-related proteins (Arp2 and Arp3) with five other polypeptides nucleates actin filaments ( 11 , 12 ), binds the pointed end of actin filaments with high affinity ( 11 ), and forms mechanically rigid networks of filaments ( 13 ) by crosslinking them end-to-side at a fixed angle ( 11 ). (pnas.org)
The basal nucleating activity of Arp2/3 complex is low, apparently because such activity depends on the spontaneous formation of actin dimers ( 11 ). (pnas.org)
The Arp2/3 complex seems to favor nucleation by stabilizing actin oligomers as they form spontaneously, rather than binding actin monomers directly ( 11 ). (pnas.org)
12 ) established that another protein, ActA, a cell-surface protein from Listeria monocytogenes , can stimulate nucleation by Arp2/3 complex. (pnas.org)
Listeria uses ActA and Arp2/3 complex to initiate actin polymerization ( 15 ), which propels the bacterium through cytoplasm ( 16 ). (pnas.org)
Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. (uniprot.org)
Arp2/3 complex plays a critical role in the control of cell morphogenesis via the modulation of cell polarity development. (uniprot.org)
ACTIN-RELATED PROTEINS 2 and 3 form the major subunits of the ARP2/3 complex, which is known as an important regulator of actin organization in diverse organisms. (plantcell.org)
Because all seven subunits of the ARP2/3 complex are present in plants, our data indicate that this complex may play a pivotal role during plant cell morphogenesis. (plantcell.org)
From other organisms, however, it is known that ARP2 and ARP3 associate with five other novel subunits to produce an ARP2/3 complex, which is acknowledged as a multifunctional modulator of the actin cytoskeleton ( Machesky and Gould, 1999 ). (plantcell.org)
In unicellular eukaryotes such as budding yeast, disruption of ARP2/3 complex subunits results in a slow-growth phenotype characterized by defects in cortical actin patches. (plantcell.org)
Functions as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin. (biomol.com)
p16-ARC, also known as ARPC5, is a 151 amino acid subunit of the Arp2/3 complex. (creativebiomart.net)
Thought to play a role in maintaining the integrity of Arp2/3, ARPC5 is a substrate for MAPKAPK-2 which, through phosphorylation of ARPC5, may participate in Arp2/3 regulatory functions and remodeling of the Actin cytoskeleton. (creativebiomart.net)
Iwanatsu, A. and Mitchison, T.J. The human Arp2/3 complx is composed of evolutionarily conserved subunits and is localized to cellular regions of dynamic actin filament assembly. (wordpress.com)
(2) Narayanan, A., LeClaire, L.L., Barber, D.L. andJacobson, M.P. Phosphorylation of the Arp2 subunit relieves auto-inhibitory interactions for Arp2/3 complex activation. (wordpress.com)
This gene encodes one of seven subunits of the human Arp2/3 protein complex. (nih.gov)
The similarity between these two proteins suggests that they both may function as p41 subunit of the human Arp2/3 complex that has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. (nih.gov)
It is possible that the p41 subunit is involved in assembling and maintaining the structure of the Arp2/3 complex. (nih.gov)
Several factors are known to interact with the Arp2/3 complex, most notably WASp. (wordpress.com)
Structural features of the complex as a whole and particular subunits reveal clues about the mechanism of action of the Arp2/3-complex in the process of actin filament formation. (wordpress.com)
The structural images are based on a crystallized structure of the residues of the bovine Arp2/3 complex, at an 2.0 Angstrom resolution, as published by Robinson and colleagues [1], and retrieved from the Protein Database (PDB). (wordpress.com)
We therefore examined the requirement for Arp2/3- and formin-dependent F-actin nucleation during T cell activation. (semanticscholar.org)
Filopodia formation in the absence of functional WAVE- and Arp2/3-complexes. (semanticscholar.org)
The Arp2/3 protein complex has been implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells and has been conserved through evolution. (genecards.org)
Actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) (PubMed:9230079). (genecards.org)
The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility (PubMed:9230079). (genecards.org)
In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA (PubMed:29925947). (genecards.org)
The Arp2/3 complex promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair in response to DNA damage by promoting nuclear actin polymerization, leading to drive motility of double-strand breaks (DSBs) (PubMed:29925947). (genecards.org)
We report the first evidence that E-cadherin associates with the Arp2/3 complex actin nucleator and demonstrate that cadherin binding can exert an active, instructive influence on cells to mark sites for actin assembly at the cell surface. (nih.gov)
For over a decade, the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex, a handful of nucleation-promoting factors and formins were the only molecules known to directly nucleate actin filament formation de novo. (nih.gov)
Newly recognized nucleation-promoting factors, such as WASP and SCAR homologue (WASH), WASP homologue associated with actin, membranes and microtubules (WHAMM), and junction-mediating regulatory protein (JMY), stimulate ARP2/3 activity at distinct cellular locations. (nih.gov)
Mechanisms for activating the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex have been the focus of many recent studies. (rupress.org)
Here, we identify a novel mode of Arp2/3 complex regulation mediated by the highly conserved actin binding protein coronin. (rupress.org)
Yeast coronin (Crn1) physically associates with the Arp2/3 complex and inhibits WA- and Abp1-activated actin nucleation in vitro. (rupress.org)
The inhibition occurs specifically in the absence of preformed actin filaments, suggesting that Crn1 may restrict Arp2/3 complex activity to the sides of filaments. (rupress.org)
Localization of Crn1 to actin patches in vivo and association of Crn1 with the Arp2/3 complex also require its coiled coil domain. (rupress.org)
Overexpression of CRN1 causes growth arrest and redistribution of Arp2 and Crn1p into aberrant actin loops. (rupress.org)
These defects are suppressed by deletion of the Crn1 coiled coil domain and by arc35-26, an allele of the p35 subunit of the Arp2/3 complex. (rupress.org)
Further in vivo evidence that coronin regulates the Arp2/3 complex comes from the observation that crn1 and arp2 mutants display an allele-specific synthetic interaction. (rupress.org)
This work identifies a new form of regulation of the Arp2/3 complex and an important cellular function for coronin. (rupress.org)
Predicted to be involved in Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation. (jax.org)
Predicted to localize to the Arp2/3 protein complex and tubulobulbar complex. (jax.org)
We wanted to understand the role of the actin nucleator Arp2/3 in growth cone actin dynamics and guidance. (jneurosci.org)
Since growth cones migrate in association with diverse adhesive substrates during development, we probed the hypothesis that the functional significance of Arp2/3 is substrate dependent. (jneurosci.org)
We report that Arp2/3 inhibition led to a reduction in the number of filopodia and growth cone F-actin content on laminin and L1. (jneurosci.org)
However, we found substrate-dependent differences in growth cone motility, actin retrograde flow, and guidance after Arp2/3 inhibition, suggesting that its role, and perhaps that of other actin binding proteins, in growth cone motility is substrate dependent. (jneurosci.org)
The role of Arp2/3 in growth cone actin dynamics and guidance is unclear. (jneurosci.org)
From these reports, Arp2/3 role in growth cone migration is still uncertain. (jneurosci.org)
Nucleation, the rate-limiting step, is stimulated by a complex of actin-related protein Arp2/3 and WASp. (medscape.com)
The ARP2/3 complex and formins are the only known plant actin nucleators. (frontiersin.org)
Loss of the main housekeeping Arabidopsis thaliana Class I membrane-targeted formin FH1 (At3g25500) is known to increase cotyledon pavement cell lobing, while mutations affecting ARP2/3 subunits exhibit an opposite effect. (frontiersin.org)
Here we examine the role of FH1 and the ARP2/3 complex subunit ARPC5 (At4g01710) in epidermal cell morphogenesis with focus on pavement cells and trichomes using a model system of single fh1 and arpc5 , as well as double fh1 arpc5 mutants. (frontiersin.org)
Formins and the ARP2/3 complex are the only two actin-nucleating systems found so far both in plants and opisthokonts, representing thus conserved molecular mechanisms inherited from the common eukaryotic ancestor (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
This period resulted in my cloning and characterization of several new proteins including the ARP2/3 complex and EB1-like proteins from plants. (uoguelph.ca)
Arabidopsis CROOKED encodes for the smallest subunit of the ARP2/3 complex and controls cell shape by region specific fine F-actin formation. (uoguelph.ca)
Exogenous expression of phosphomimetic S177D-Pdlim5 inhibits cell migration and attenuates lamellipodia formation.Notably, S177D-Pdlim5, but not WT-Pdlim5, attenuates the association with Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors at the cell periphery.Taken together, our findings indicate that phosphorylation of Pdlim5 on Ser177 by AMPK mediates inhibition of cell migration by suppressing the Rac1-Arp2/3 signalling pathway. (nih.gov)
Consistent with this observation, S177D-Pdlim5 suppresses Rac1 activity at the cell periphery and displaces the Arp2/3 complex from the leading edge. (nih.gov)
Taken together, our findings indicate that phosphorylation of Pdlim5 on Ser177 by AMPK mediates inhibition of cell migration by suppressing the Rac1-Arp2/3 signalling pathway. (nih.gov)
Branched F-actin is generated by the nucleation factor actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex. (jci.org)
Patients with mutations in the actin-related protein complex 1B (ARPC1B) subunit of Arp2/3 show combined immunodeficiency, with symptoms of immune dysregulation, including recurrent viral infections and reduced CD8+ T cell count. (jci.org)
Altered Expression of ARP2/3 Complex Signaling Pathway Genes in Prefrontal Layer 3 Pyramidal Cells in Schizophrenia. (genscript.com)
Downregulation of the ARP2/3 complex signaling pathway, a common final pathway for multiple signaling cascades that regulate the actin cytoskeleton, would compromise the structural stability of spines, leading to their loss. (genscript.com)
In concert with findings from deletion of the ARP2/3 complex in mice, these findings support the idea that spine deficits in the DLPFC may contribute to subcortical hyperdopaminergia in schizophrenia. (genscript.com)
Recent reports now demonstrate a novel aspect of the ARP2/3 complex and the nucleating-promoting factors in the maintenance of endothelial barrier function and junction remodeling of established endothelial cell junctions. (genscript.com)
Title: Dynamics between actin and the VE-cadherin/catenin complex: novel aspects of the ARP2/3 complex in regulation of endothelial junctions. (genscript.com)
Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton Transformation in the Cell by ARP2/3 Complex. (semanticscholar.org)
however, the protein it encodes is known to be a major constituent of the ARP2/3 complex. (abnova.com)
Human actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3), required for actin filament branching, has two ARPC1 component isoforms, with ARPC1B prominently expressed in blood cells. (nature.com)
Platelet lysates reveal no ARPC1B protein and greatly reduced Arp2/3 complex. (nature.com)
ARPC1B-deficient platelets are microthrombocytes similar to those seen in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome that show aberrant spreading consistent with loss of Arp2/3 function. (nature.com)
The mammalian Arp2/3 complex contains five unique components: ARP2, ARP3, ARPC2, ARPC3 and ARPC4, together with one molecule each of the isoform pairs ARPC1A and ARPC1B, and ARPC5A and ARPC5B. (nature.com)
To our knowledge no inherited human deficiency of ARPC1B or other Arp2/3 components has been previously reported. (nature.com)
Patient 1 with p.Val91Trpfs*30 ARPC1B mutation that results in complete loss of ARPC1B protein and decreased Arp2/3 complex in platelets, leading to microthrombocytopenia, decreased platelet dense granules, defective platelet spreading with prominent filopodia but limited lammellipodia. (nature.com)
mDab1 activates N-WASP directly, and induces actin polymerization through the Arp2/3 (actin-related protein 2/3) complex. (portlandpress.com)
This filopodium formation is dependent on N-WASP, because expression of an N-WASP mutant that cannot induce Arp2/3-complex-mediated actin polymerization suppressed filopodium formation. (portlandpress.com)

Cadherin cell adhesion molecules are major determinants of tissue patterning which function in cooperation with the actin cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
1980 ) Villin is a major protein of the microvillus cytoskeleton which binds both G and F actin in a calcium-dependent manner. (biologists.org)
THE actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in a diverse set of cellular processes, including cell polarization, cytokinesis, cell adhesions, and endocytosis. (genetics.org)
The dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton is spatially and temporally regulated. (genetics.org)
How the actin cytoskeleton assembles and functions, including how its assembly relates to its function, are fundamental questions in cell biology. (genetics.org)
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an excellent model system for studies of the actin cytoskeleton dynamics because yeast cells have a relatively simple actin cytoskeleton and offer powerful experimental tools. (genetics.org)
Throughout the yeast cell cycle, precisely choreographed changes in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton underlie spatial control of cell-surface growth and thereby determine cell morphology. (genetics.org)
The protein encoded by this gene may have a regulatory role in the actin cytoskeleton and induce cell-shape change and motility. (senescence.info)
[ 2 ] The exact function of WASp is not fully elucidated, but it seems to function as a bridge between signaling and movement of the actin filaments in the cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] that interfere with the protein binding to Cdc42 and Rac GTPases, among other binding partners, most of which are involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton of lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
The actin cytoskeleton is responsible for cellular functions such as growth, endocytosis, exocytosis, and cytokinesis. (medscape.com)
This involves multi-colour imaging of living plants with an emphasis on the cytoskeleton and its regulatory proteins, subcellular cross talk and plant-environment interactions. (uoguelph.ca)
Tumor-cell invasion across tissue barriers requires degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as dynamic interactions between the ECM and the intracellular actin cytoskeleton that occur through organized adhesive structures. (biologists.org)

This entry represents actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (ARC1B) from vertebrates. (ebi.ac.uk)
Your search returned 13 actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A ELISA ELISA Kit across 1 supplier. (biocompare.com)
Your search returned 27 actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like ELISA ELISA Kit across 3 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Western Blot: actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B Antibody [NBP1-90114] - Analysis in human cell lines SK-MEL-30 and HEK293 using Anti-ARPC1B antibody. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B Antibody [NBP1-90114] - Staining of human lymph node shows strong cytoplasmic positivity in lymphoid cells outside reaction centra. (novusbio.com)
Western Blot: actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B Antibody [NBP1-90114] - Analysis in mouse cell line NIH-3T3 and rat cell line NBT-II. (novusbio.com)
Western Blot: actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B Antibody [NBP1-90114] - Analysis in human cell line RT-4. (novusbio.com)
This subunit is a member of the SOP2 family of proteins and is most similar to the protein encoded by gene ARPC1A. (nih.gov)
The exact role of the protein encoded by this gene, the p34 subunit, has yet to be determined. (genecards.org)
ARPC2 (Actin Related Protein 2/3 Complex Subunit 2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Orthologous to human ARPC1B (actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B). (jax.org)
Here we provide the first evidence that the actin-related protein BAF53a, a subunit of BAF complexes preferentially expressed in long-term repopulating stem cells, is essential for adult hemopoiesis. (bloodjournal.org)
Actin control over microtubules suggested by DISTORTED2 encoding the Arabidopsis ARPC2 subunit homolog. (uoguelph.ca)
Danio rerio actin related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 5B (arpc5b), mRNA. (genscript.com)
FOXF1 repressed cell growth and expression of collagen-1 and actin-related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 2. (genscript.com)
This subunit, like ACTR1A, is an actin-related;protein. (creativebiomart.net)

35 ARP3 Actin-Related Protein 3 Homolog B (Yeast) (ACTR3B) Antikörper von 10 Herstellern verfügbar auf www.antikoerper-online.de. (antikoerper-online.de)
1994 ) Drosophila singed, a fascin homolog, is required for actin bundle formation during oogenesis and bristle extension. (biologists.org)

At the subcellular level, cell shape changes are linked to severe filamentous actin aggregation and compromised vacuole fusion. (plantcell.org)
The abundant network of cytoplasmic filamentous actin, established at the onset of fast transport, is absent in quail mutant egg chambers. (biologists.org)
We report that recombinant Quail can bind and bundle filamentous actin in vitro in a manner similar to villin at a physiological calcium concentration. (biologists.org)
In contrast to villin, Quail is unable to sever or cap filamentous actin, or to promote nucleation of new actin filaments at a high calcium concentration. (biologists.org)
In eukaryotic cells, the monomeric ATP-binding protein globular actin (G-actin) is assembled into dynamic filamentous actin (F-actin) in cytoskeletal structures. (nature.com)

In contrast to pseudopod formation, the actin-driven motility of Listeria is apparently independent of endogenous signaling pathways that depend on kinases or GTP-binding proteins ( 17 ). (pnas.org)
Simultaneous visualization of peroxisomes and cytoskeletal elements reveals actin and not microtubule-based peroxisome motility in plants. (uoguelph.ca)
This complex is located at the cell surface and is essential to cell shape and motility through lamellipodial actin assembly and protrusion. (abnova.com)

p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
section indicates the name(s) of the gene(s) that code for the protein sequence(s) described in the entry. (uniprot.org)
Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include actin filament binding and kinesin binding . (genecards.org)
Protein sequence for the given gene in S288C and other strains, when available. (yeastgenome.org)
The 3′-end of the human β-actin gene enhances activity of the β-actin expression vector system: construction of improved vectors," Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods, 1997, vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 63-72. (freepatentsonline.com)
Transcription factors form a vital link in the chain of regeneration, converting injury-induced stress signals into downstream protein expression via gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)
We identified mutations that suppressed both the lethality and the excessive actin cable formation caused by overexpression of a truncated Bni1p ( BNI1 Δ N ). Two recessive mutations, act1-301 in the actin gene and sla2-82 in a gene involved in cortical actin patch assembly, were identified. (genetics.org)
Actin-like protein 7A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTL7A gene. (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of actin-related proteins (ARPs) which share significant amino acid sequence identity to conventional actins. (wikipedia.org)
This gene (ACTL7A), and related gene, ACTL7B, are intronless, and are located approximately 4 kb apart in a head-to-head orientation within the familial dysautonomia candidate region on 9q31. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a member of the actin-related proteins (ARP), which form multiprotein complexes and share 35-55% amino acid identity with conventional actin. (senescence.info)
Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 2, 4, 10, 16, 22 and Y. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms. (senescence.info)
The gene product, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASp) is a 502 amino acid protein expressed within the cytoplasm of non-erythroid hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
In general, WAS gene mutations that cause absent protein expression result in classic WAS. (medscape.com)
This is an efficient and useful way to name large numbers of related genes, and already works well for a number of established gene groupings. (genenames.org)
AFG3 ATPase family gene 3-like 2 (S. c. (broadinstitute.org)
587. McLachtan A. D., Repeating sequence and gene duplications in proteins. (ximicat.com)
600. McLachlan A. D., Gene duplication in carp muscle calcium binding protein. (ximicat.com)

Transgenic plants for the AtRop genes display changes in actin organization ( Yang, 2002 ) but not the dis phenotype. (plantcell.org)
includes protein coordinates for the domain, a domain Description, a Source and corresponding accession ID, and the number of S. cerevisiae genes that share the same domain. (yeastgenome.org)
Expression of phase II detoxifying genes is regulated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response element (ARE) activation. (aspetjournals.org)
sla2-82 also interacted genetically with genes involved in actin cable assembly. (genetics.org)
A curated database of candidate human ageing-related genes and genes associated with longevity and/or ageing in model organisms. (senescence.info)
The mRNA expression levels of the proapoptotic genes Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) and Bak were significantly increased by bortezomib treatment and combination therapy with IR. (spandidos-publications.com)
Bradshaw HD, Hollick JB, Parsons TJ, Clarke HRG, Gordon MP: Systemically wound-responsive genes in poplar trees encode proteins similar to sweet potato sporamins and legume Kunitz trypsin inhibitors. (springer.com)

She utilized these tools to reveal the architectural blueprint and dynamics of protein-based nano-machines that self-assemble in cells to generate, organize, and transmit the forces that drive cell movement, and she defined molecular pathways governing the orchestration of these protein machines in space and time. (rockefeller.edu)
However, the past several years have seen a surge in the discovery of mammalian proteins with roles in actin nucleation and dynamics. (nih.gov)
To investigate the role of cofilin in EGF-stimulated actin polymerization and lamellipod extension in MTLn3 cells, we examined in detail the temporal and spatial distribution of cofilin relative to free barbed ends and characterized the actin dynamics by measuring the changes in the number of actin filaments. (rupress.org)
Proteins modulating membrane dynamics and organization are thus well positioned to control the sorting and activities of signaling complexes during endosomal processing. (rupress.org)
Besides their actin-related functions, both systems also modulate microtubule organization and dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
While cotyledon pavement cell shape in double mutants mostly resembled single arpc5 mutants, analysis of true leaf epidermal morphology, as well as actin and microtubule organization and dynamics, revealed a more complex relationship between the two systems and similar, rather than antagonistic, effects on some parameters. (frontiersin.org)
Microfilament organization and dynamics are regulated by numerous proteins, including de novo actin nucleators. (frontiersin.org)
A novel localization pattern for an EB1-like protein links microtubule dynamics to endo-membrane organization. (uoguelph.ca)
analyzed the dynamics of 5-HT 6 R interactions with other proteins and found that after its previously characterized interaction with and phosphorylation by the kinase Cdk5, the 5-HT 6 R interacted with GPRIN1, a promoter of neurite extension. (sciencemag.org)
Recent studies indicate that Anillin-related proteins interact not only with the structural components of the contractile ring, but also with the signalling factors that control their dynamics. (biologists.org)
In this Commentary, we attempt to summarize recent insights into the actin dynamics of invadopodia and podosomes, and the forces that are transmitted through these invasive structures. (biologists.org)
Actin dynamics and associated forces might be key elements in discriminating between invadopodia, podosomes and focal adhesions. (biologists.org)

In no case is the pathway from receptor to newly formed actin filaments established, and the situation is complicated by the branching of signals into multiple pathways downstream of both seven-helix G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. (pnas.org)

Invadopodia are built upon an N-WASP-dependent branched actin network, and the Rho GTPase Cdc42 is involved in inducing invadopodial-membrane protrusion, which is mediated by actin filaments that are organized in bundles to form an actin core. (biologists.org)

A and B ) Conditions: 2.8 μM Acanthamoeba actin monomers, 50 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM DTT, 0.1 mM CaCl 2 , 0.2 mM ATP, 3 mm NaN 3 , and 10 mM imidazole (pH 7.0) at 22°C. The polymerization of actin was monitored by pyrene fluorescence. (pnas.org)
The concentrations given are those after a 6.7-fold dilution of the preincubated components into pyrenyl-actin monomers. (pnas.org)
Final conditions: 4 μM amoeba actin monomers, 50 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM DTT, 0.1 mM CaCl 2 , 0.2 mM ATP, and 3 mM NaN 3 . (pnas.org)
The spontaneous self-assembly of actin proceeds stepwise: monomers associate to form a dimer that binds another monomer to form a trimer and so on, until a stable filament is formed ( 14 ). (pnas.org)
An actin nucleation core is a protein trimer with three actin monomers. (wikipedia.org)
Some experiments, however, suggested that the effects of sla2-82 were caused by depletion of actin monomers, because the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of the bni1 Δ sla2-82 mutant was suppressed by increased expression of ACT1 . (genetics.org)
The isolation of suppressors of the BNI1 Δ N phenotype may provide a useful system for identification of actin amino-acid residues that are important for formin-mediated actin polymerization and mutations that affect the availability of actin monomers. (genetics.org)

Both fh1 and arpc5 mutations increased actin network density and increased cell shape complexity in pavement cells and trichomes of first true leaves, in contrast to cotyledons. (frontiersin.org)

The growth of this network drives protrusion of the membrane, probably by a Brownian ratchet-type mechanism ( 3 , 4 ). (pnas.org)
Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystem Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. (nih.gov)
In general, microtubules are believed to play a role in determining and maintaining cell polarity, whereas actin microfilaments ensure the targeted delivery of vesicles that carry plasma membrane and cell wall components to the site of growth ( Mathur and Hülskamp, 2002 ). (plantcell.org)
Hence, it is possibly involved in the membrane-associated polymerization of actin filaments such as that observed in growth cones. (jneurosci.org)
Τhe same membrane was probed with β-actin Ab as a loading control. (asm.org)
We reported two distinct effects of estrogens and/or xeno-estrogens on in vitro human seminoma-derived cells proliferation: (1) an antiproliferative effect via a classical estrogen receptor beta-dependent pathway, and (2) a promotive effect via a non-classical membrane G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR30/GPER, which is only overexpressed in seminomas, the most common TGCT. (mdpi.com)
A host of protein factors control membrane traffic through the interconnected tubules and vesicles of the endosomal system, and sorting occurs by isolation of cargo in membrane domains of defined geometry and lipid composition ( Bonifacino and Rojas, 2006 ). (rupress.org)
Then, the obvious reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and expression changes of apoptosis-associated proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, and casepase-3) indicated that apoptosis signaling through the mitochondria should be responsible for the cell viability decrease. (hindawi.com)
The cortical cytoplasm also controls localization of membrane proteins including auxin transporters, contributing thus to cell differentiation and affecting tissue- and organ-scale developmental processes (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
Over the last two decades, it has become evident that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) do not solely recruit canonical signaling proteins, such as heterotrimeric G proteins and β-arrestins ( 1 ), but that they also interact with large networks of intracellular proteins that finely control their targeting to specific subcellular compartments, their trafficking in and out of the plasma membrane, and their signaling ( 2 - 5 ). (sciencemag.org)
Second, we found that ARPC1B is indispensable for the maintenance of TCR, CD8, and GLUT1 membrane proteins at the plasma membrane of CTLs, as recycling via the retromer and WASH complexes was impaired in the absence of ARPC1B. (jci.org)
Cell extracts were prepared in lysis buffer, equal amounts of protein were separated on 10% bis-Tris gels, and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. (mcponline.org)
For this purpose, a network of cytoskeletal proteins is built at the cleavage site to act as a scaffold for actomyosin filaments and to connect them to the plasma membrane. (biologists.org)
To achieve successful cytokinesis, actomyosin filaments are assembled upon a network of cytoskeletal proteins (including septins) at the cleavage site that acts as a scaffold and might connect the filaments to the plasma membrane. (biologists.org)
The invasiveness of cells is correlated with the presence of dynamic actin-rich membrane structures called invadopodia, which are membrane protrusions that are associated with localized polymerization of sub-membrane actin filaments. (biologists.org)
Invasive cancer cells and Src-transformed cells display podosome-like actin-rich membrane protrusions called invadopodia, which are primary sites of rapid actin polymerization and which represent the major sites of matrix degradation in these cells ( Weaver, 2008 ). (biologists.org)

Annexin A2-Dependent Polymerization of Actin Mediates Endosome Biogenesis. (abnova.com)

However, the study was of PSDs from a subset of whole brain, and no attempt was made to confirm the localization of these proteins by independent means. (mcponline.org)
We have expressed 16 of the novel proteins as recombinant fluorescent proteins in neurons and confirmed their localization in dendritic spines. (mcponline.org)
I also describe the different mechanisms that control localization of Anillin-related proteins and analyze the latest findings regarding the role of these proteins in the assembly of the contractile ring. (biologists.org)

it is involved in regulating actin polymerisation and with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. (thefreedictionary.com)
ATP, an actin monomer, a mother filament and a nucleation promoting-factor needed to activate the complex which is intrinsically inactive. (wordpress.com)

The antigen-antibody complex binds the ends of actin filaments in vitro in an ATP-sensitive manner, and the antibody stains the outermost edge of the actin filament ruffle in the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts. (jneurosci.org)
The proline-rich FH1 domain binds to the actin-monomer-binding protein profilin (Pfy1p), whereas the FH2 domain is sufficient for actin filament nucleation in vitro . (genetics.org)
These findings indicate that Pdlim5 binds AMPK directly and promotes the recruitment of AMPK onto F-actin, a process mediated by α-actinin. (nih.gov)

When 50K-A was added to pyrene-labelled rabbit skeletal-muscle actin and the salt concentration increased, the initial rate of actin polymerization was inhibited by a very low molar ratio of 50K-A to actin. (biochemj.org)

Length increase of the human α-globin 3′-untranslated region disrupts stability of the pre-mRNA but not that of the mature mRNA," Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2000, vol. 275, pp. 30248-30255. (freepatentsonline.com)

Through positional cloning and allelic confirmation, we found Dek2 encodes a novel P-type PPR protein that targets mitochondria. (genetics.org)
7. The expression vector according to claim 5, wherein the recombinant nucleic acid according to claim 1 further comprises a protein coding sequence that encodes a reporter protein or a therapeutic protein. (freepatentsonline.com)
LMOD3 encodes leiomodin-3 (LMOD3), a 65-kDa protein expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Human MAFF encodes a 164 amino acids protein. (thermofisher.com)

Contains experimentally-derived protein half-life data obtained using stable isotope labeling by amino acids (SILAC) coupled with mass spectrometry. (yeastgenome.org)
Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. (wikipathways.org)
These two proteins, which are of equal length and share 90% amino acid identity, are present in a constant;ratio of approximately 1:15 in the dynactin complex. (creativebiomart.net)
598. McLachlan A. D., Tests for comparing related amino acid sequences. (ximicat.com)
614. Cavadore J. G., Polycondensations d'a-amino acides en milieu aqueux. (ximicat.com)
The region sequenced included the entire coding sequence for a protein with 199 amino acids plus the promoter and terminator. (springer.com)

Recombinant human ARPC5 protein, fused to His-tag at N-terminus, was expressed in E. coli and purified by using conventional chromatography techniques. (creativebiomart.net)
We therefore activated homophilic ligation using a specific functional recombinant protein. (nih.gov)
The present invention provides a recombinant DNA that is composed of a promoter, a protein coding region, and the hybrid 3′UTR in a continuous and directional orientation. (freepatentsonline.com)
3. The recombinant nucleic acid of claim 2, wherein the 3′ end of the first region is adjacent to the 5′ end of the second region or the 3′ end of the second region is adjacent to the 5′ end of the first region or the first region is located within the second region. (freepatentsonline.com)
ACTR3 (AAH44590, 1 a.a. ~ 418 a.a) full-length recombinant protein with GST tag. (abnova.com)
Antibody Reactive Against Recombinant Protein. (abnova.com)

The present study demonstrates that the PI3-kinase signaling pathway regulates rearrangement of actin microfilaments in response to oxidative stress and that depolymerization of actin causes a complex of Nrf2 bound with actin to translocate into nucleus. (aspetjournals.org)
Nwk (Nervous Wreck) is a presynaptic F-BAR/SH3 protein that regulates synaptic growth signaling in Drosophila melanogaster . (rupress.org)
So we concluded that CA regulates the proteins located in the upstream of multiple cell signal pathways which can reduce the LPS-induced activation of NF- κ B and MAPKs, thus weakening the inflammatory response and maintaining cell structure and function, which accordingly inhibit apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In the testis, MTMR2 interacts and co-localizes with c-Src/phospho-Src-(Tyr 416 ), a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that regulates the phosphorylation state of proteins at the apical ES (ectoplasmic specialization), a unique type of cell junction found between Sertoli cells and elongating/elongated spermatids. (biochemj.org)

In view of the fact that the signaling pathway of PI3-kinase controls microfilaments and translocation of actin-associated proteins, the current study was designed to investigate the PI3-kinase-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and the interaction of Nrf2 with actin. (aspetjournals.org)

The pathfinding ability of the growth cone depends upon the integrity of a dynamic actin filament network. (jneurosci.org)

In the present paper, we show that mDab1 associates with N-WASP (neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) in vitro and in brains of embryonic mice. (portlandpress.com)

Reduced WASp protein expression results in X-linked thrombocytopenia. (medscape.com)
WAS results from an X-linked genetic defect in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). (medscape.com)

A formin Bni1p nucleates actin to assemble actin cables, which guide the polarized transport of secretory vesicles in budding yeast. (genetics.org)
The Drosophila melanogaster protein Anillin, and its related proteins in other organisms, has a pivotal role in the organization of this scaffold in many species, ranging from yeast to humans. (biologists.org)

D) Graphical representation of a pathway containing the largest number of focus proteins. (asm.org)
In addition, the combination therapy resulted in a synergistic decrease of the expression levels of survivin and its corresponding downstream pathway molecules, including heat shock protein 90, X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, smad 2 and smad 3. (spandidos-publications.com)
The pathway maps illustrate protein interactions and regulation to provide a comprehensive picture of signaling and disease processes. (bio-rad.com)
Phyllanthus was observed to cause antimetastatic activities by inhibiting ERK1/2 pathway via suppression of Raf protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Stronger antinociceptive effect of MnTF was correlated with its high content of anthocyanins and flavonols and its inhibitory effects on proinflammatory cytokines, iNOS and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway-related proteins. (mdpi.com)
Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with ACTR1B were listed below. (creativebiomart.net)

The isolation of sla2-82 was unexpected, because cortical actin patches are required for the internalization step of endocytosis. (genetics.org)
Extension of the cell surface is preceded by the polarized organization of two actin-filament-containing structures: actin cables and cortical actin patches. (genetics.org)
Cortical actin patches and their associated proteins are involved in the internalization step of endocytosis ( E ngqvist -G oldstein and D rubin 2003 ). (genetics.org)

Formins share the conserved FH2 domain whose dimer can nucleate and cap actin filaments, usually accompanied by a profilin-G-actin-binding FH1 domain and by additional domains mediating regulatory or structural interactions that vary both within and between lineages. (frontiersin.org)

Also interacts with several nuclear receptors including PPARG /NR1C3, RXRA /NR1F1, ESR1 , NR5A1 , NR5A2 /LRH1 and other transcriptional activators including the HLH protein SREBF1 /SREBP1 and the homeobox protein PBX1 (PubMed:14701856). (rcsb.org)
In vivo, the assembly of nurse-cell actin bundles is accompanied by extensive perforation of the nurse-cell nuclear envelopes, and both of these phenomena are manifestations of nurse-cell apoptosis. (biologists.org)
Furthermore, t -BHQ increased the level of nuclear actin, coimmunoprecipitated with Nrf2, which returned to that of control by pretreatment of the cells with PI3-kinase inhibitors. (aspetjournals.org)
Cytochalasin B, an actin disruptor, alone stimulated actin-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and induced rGSTA2. (aspetjournals.org)
In flowering plants, many respiration-related proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and the splicing of mitochondrion-encoded messenger RNA (mRNA) involves a complex collaboration with nuclear-encoded proteins. (genetics.org)
Nuclear genome expressed pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are reported to play a critical role in these processes ( Barkan and Small 2014 ). (genetics.org)
RSV-induced changes of nuclear proteins of A549 cells by 2-D DIGE. (asm.org)
Kapoor P, Shen X. Mechanisms of nuclear actin in chromatin-remodeling complexes . (mdanderson.org)

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins have been implicated in these RNA-protein interactions. (genetics.org)
SNX16 promotes synaptic growth signaling by activated bone morphogenic protein receptors, and live imaging in neurons reveals that SNX16-positive early endosomes undergo transient interactions with Nwk-containing recycling endosomes. (rupress.org)
Therefore, an understanding of the protein composition of the PSD is a prerequisite for modeling the molecular interactions regulating synaptic strength. (mcponline.org)
This study highlights the complex allosteric modulation of GPCRs by protein partners and demonstrates how dynamic interactions between GPCRs and their protein partners can control the different steps of highly coordinated cellular processes, such as dendritic tree morphogenesis. (sciencemag.org)
ACTR1B has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. (creativebiomart.net)
Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions vol 3 No 5: 327-333 (1990). (springer.com)

The present invention describes the use of hybrid short 3′ untranslated (3′UTR) regions which are composed of two regions, one region from an 3′ untranslated region of a stable eukaryotic mRNA, and another region from the downstream end of an 3′ untranslated region of another eukaryotic mRNA that contains a polyadenylation (polyA) signal. (freepatentsonline.com)
An episomal expression vector system for monitoring sequence-specific effects on mRNA stability in human cell lines," Plasmid, 1995, vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 198-207. (freepatentsonline.com)
Proteins were categorized as being either regulated in parallel or inverse direction on the protein and mRNA level, as their regulation data being not well defined on the mRNA level, or as being not present on the array. (mcponline.org)

p21-ARC is part of a complex implicated in the control of actin polymerization in cells. (abcam.com)

t -BHQ relocalized Nrf2 in concert with changes in actin microfilament architecture, as visualized by superposition of immunochemically stained Nrf2 and fluorescent phalloidin-stained actin. (aspetjournals.org)

Actin cables, long bundles of actin filaments, are highly dynamic structures containing actin (Act1p), fimbrin (Sac6p), and tropomyosin (Tpm1p and Tpm2p). (genetics.org)
Typical plant Class I formins are transmembrane proteins that can anchor cytoskeletal structures to the plasmalemma, its distinct domains, and/or endomembranes (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
Here I review the structures and functions of Anillin and Anillin-related proteins in various model systems, and aim to highlight both the common and distinctive features of these essential organizers of the molecular machinery that drives furrow ingression. (biologists.org)
The best-characterized adhesive structures, named focal adhesions, contain clusters of transmembrane integrin receptors that are tethered at one end to the ECM and at the other to actin stress fibers, which are responsible for cell traction and ECM reorganization. (biologists.org)
586. Zuckerkandl E., The appearance of new structures and functions in proteins during evolution. (ximicat.com)
Biological Functions of Microtubules and Related Structures is a compendium of papers presented at the 13th Oji International Seminar on The Biological Functions of Microtubules and Related Structures, held at Komaba Eminence in Tokyo in November, 1981. (elsevier.com)

Predicted to have actin filament binding activity. (jax.org)

T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization is considered to be actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex dependent. (semanticscholar.org)
Here actin polymerization has been proposed to drive cell surfaces together, although F-actin reorganization also occurs as cell contacts mature. (nih.gov)
Dissecting the specific effect of cadherin ligation alone on actin regulation is difficult in native cell-cell contacts, due to the range of juxtacrine signals that can arise when two cell surfaces adhere. (nih.gov)
8. An isolated host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 5 wherein the expression vector of claim 5 comprises a protein coding sequence, and the host cell transiently or encoded in the expression vector of claim 5. (freepatentsonline.com)
9. An isolated host cell which is obtained by in vivo injection of the expression vector of claim 5 into a cell, wherein the expression vector of claim 5 comprises a protein coding sequence, and the host cell comprises the expression vector of claim 5 and transiently or encoded in the expression vector of claim 5. (freepatentsonline.com)
To gain insight into the cellular response mechanisms underlying favorable outcomes, we analyzed the H1299 cell cycle profiles and the expression patterns of several key proteins after monotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
On exposure of Photofrin-loaded cells to visible light, intracellular toxic oxygen species (singlet oxygen, 1 O 2 ) are generated that can trigger cell apoptosis or necrosis ( 3 , 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Following, the critical proteins (ERK, JNK, p38, and c-jun) of the MAPK signaling pathways were activated, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α , IL-1 β , IL-6, and IL-8) regulated by NF- κ B and MAPKs was significantly increased, which can promote a cascade of inflammation that induces cell injury and apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
Cell 130(3):499-511, 8/2007. (mdanderson.org)
We used two naturally occurring substrates that have profound effects on growth cone morphology and behavior: the extracellular matrix protein laminin and the cell adhesion molecule (CAM) L1. (jneurosci.org)
In the present review, we highlight recent findings that have made a significant impact on our understanding of this protein family in normal cell function and in disease, with the emphasis on the role of MTMs and MTMRs in spermatogenesis. (biochemj.org)
Thus, while the two actin nucleation systems have complementary roles in some aspects of cell morphogenesis in cotyledon pavement cells, they may act in parallel in other cell types and developmental stages. (frontiersin.org)
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (wikipathways.org)
Augmented AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity inhibits cell migration, possibly contributing to the clinical benefits of chemical AMPK activators in preventing atherosclerosis, vascular remodelling and cancer metastasis. (nih.gov)
This was particularly noticeable with proteins involved in cell growth and maintenance (for example, fibrinogen γ chain (FGG) and ubiquinol cytochrome c) and cell-cell interaction and integrity (for example, fascin and actin). (biomedcentral.com)
CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) rely on rapid reorganization of the branched F-actin network to drive the polarized secretion of lytic granules, initiating target cell death during the adaptive immune response. (jci.org)
First, ARPC1B is required for lamellipodia formation, cell migration, and actin reorganization across the immune synapse. (jci.org)
2 in all protein extracts derived from three independent cell culture experiments, 73 were picked from Coomassie-stained preparative gels and analyzed by MALDI MS. From these, 66 proteins were identified. (mcponline.org)
Targeting actin-regulatory molecules that specifically promote invadopodium formation is an attractive strategy against cancer-cell invasion. (biologists.org)
For further reading, please see related articles: `Invadosomes at a glance' by Stefan Linder ( J. Cell Sci . (biologists.org)
retinol binding protein 1, cell. (broadinstitute.org)

Either spontaneously or in response to chemotactic signals and growth factors, motile cells assemble actin filaments at the leading edge and crosslink them into a rigid, orthogonal network ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)

During development extrinsic guidance cues modulate the peripheral actin network in growth cones to direct axons to their targets. (jneurosci.org)
To investigate how AMPK signalling is transmitted to peripheral actin filaments, we examined the physical link between actin filaments, Pdlim5 and AMPK. (nih.gov)

Protein lysates were obtained from sensory epithelial tissues from cochleae. (jci.org)

In undifferentiated cells, this protein is present in an apparently inactive state in a perinuclear location that corresponds to that of the microtubule organizing center and not of the Golgi apparatus. (jneurosci.org)

Drosophila Quail protein is required for the completion of fast cytoplasm transport from nurse cells to the oocyte, an event critical for the production of viable oocytes. (biologists.org)

Translational efficiency is regulated by the length of the 3′ untranslated region," Molecular and Cellular Biology, 1996, vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 146-156. (freepatentsonline.com)

1998 ) Small espin: a third actin-bundling protein and potential forked protein ortholog in brush border microvilli. (biologists.org)
1998 ) Drosophila fascin mutants are rescued by overexpression of the villin-like protein, quail. (biologists.org)

The core FH2 domain of diaphanous-related formins is an elongated actin binding protein that inhibits polymerization. (semanticscholar.org)
Diaphanous-related formins (Drf) are activated by Rho GTP binding proteins and induce polymerization of unbranched actin filaments. (semanticscholar.org)

Formins regulate the actin-related protein 2/3 complex-independent polarization of the centrosome to the immunological synapse. (semanticscholar.org)
Formins are a family of highly conserved eukaryotic proteins implicated in a wide range of actin-based processes. (genetics.org)
Evidence as to the effect of formins on actin polymerization were obtained using FH2/FH1 constructs of various length from different Drfs. (semanticscholar.org)

In contrast, phalloidin, an agent that prevents actin filaments from depolymerization, inhibited Nrf2 translocation and rGSTA2 induction by t -BHQ. (aspetjournals.org)
Dilution of F-actin to below its critical concentration into 50K-A resulted in a much slower rate of depolymerization, consistent with capping of the preferred end. (biochemj.org)

Extrinsic guidance cues regulate the cytoskeletal machinery, particularly actin filaments, of growth cones to direct them toward their targets. (jneurosci.org)
Interestingly, these three proteins regulate the stress response via different mechanisms. (thermofisher.com)

The interaction between cadherins and actin is therefore likely to depend on the functional state of adhesion. (nih.gov)
This interaction also promoted neurite extension and branching in NG108-15 cells and primary mouse striatal neurons through a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism. (sciencemag.org)
599. McLachlan A. D., Stewart M. The 14-fold periodicity in a-tropomyosin and the interaction with actin. (ximicat.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms16

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science8

Actin polymerization: Where the WASP stings. (1/259)

Scar, a WASp-related protein, activates nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex. (2/259)

Relationship between Arp2/3 complex and the barbed ends of actin filaments at the leading edge of carcinoma cells after epidermal growth factor stimulation. (3/259)

The interaction between N-WASP and the Arp2/3 complex links Cdc42-dependent signals to actin assembly. (4/259)

Rho-family GTPases require the Arp2/3 complex to stimulate actin polymerization in Acanthamoeba extracts. (5/259)

Activation of the yeast Arp2/3 complex by Bee1p, a WASP-family protein. (6/259)

Arp2/3 complex and actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin in dendritic organization and treadmilling of actin filament array in lamellipodia. (7/259)

Genetic dissection of the budding yeast Arp2/3 complex: a comparison of the in vivo and structural roles of individual subunits. (8/259)

Actins

Actin Cytoskeleton

Actin Depolymerizing Factors

Actin Capping Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Cytoskeleton

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Phalloidine

Protein Binding

Proteins

Thiazolidines

Gelsolin

Sequence Alignment

Base Sequence

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Cytoskeletal Proteins

Profilins

Cytochalasin D

Carrier Proteins

Myosins

Membrane Proteins

Cell Line

Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic

Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Rabbits

Binding Sites

Mutation

Contractile Proteins

Cloning, Molecular

Cells, Cultured

Signal Transduction

Pseudopodia

Tropomyosin

Models, Molecular

RNA, Messenger

DNA-Binding Proteins

Phosphorylation

Actin-Related Protein 2

Nuclear Proteins

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Actin-Related Protein 3

Models, Biological

Protein Conformation

Recombinant Proteins

DNA, Complementary

Phosphoproteins

Polymerization

Microscopy, Electron

Two-Hybrid System Techniques

Actomyosin

Actinin

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Kinetics

Cell Cycle Proteins

Polymers

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins

Fungal Proteins

Cell Movement

Blotting, Western

cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein

Transcription Factors

HeLa Cells

Cell Membrane

Depsipeptides

Muscles

Transfection

Protein Transport

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Protein Isoforms

Molecular Weight

Calcium-Binding Proteins

Microtubules

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal

Biopolymers

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Gene Expression Regulation

Chickens