ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic

Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes

Cushing Syndrome

Bronchial Neoplasms

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Carcinoid Tumor

Syndrome

Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory

Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion

Hormones, Ectopic

Metyrapone

Pro-Opiomelanocortin

Thymus Neoplasms

Hydrocortisone

Petrosal Sinus Sampling

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

Down Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome X

Management Information Systems

ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids

Adrenocortical Hyperfunction

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms

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Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS)

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AVPR1B

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Korlym Uses

Cushings Family

EAS<...

Ectopia (medicine)

Vasopressin receptor 1B

Grant Liddle

PAK3

Corticorelin

Cushing's disease

Small-cell carcinoma

Metyrapone

Arginin vazopresinski receptor 1B - Википедија

Pseudohyperaldosteronism

Dexamethasone suppression test

Aminoglutethimide

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Lung cancer

Cushing's syndrome

List of MeSH codes (C04)

List of medical mnemonics

Secondary hypertension

Development of the endocrine system

Corticotropic cell

Mifepristone

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Blood sugar level

Creatine kinase

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Adrenocorticotropic hormone25

• J. P. Aniszewski, W. F. Young Jr., G. B. Thompson, C. S. Grant and J. A. van Heerden, "Cushing Syndrome Due to Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Secretion," World Journal of Surgery, Vol. 25, No. 7, 2001, pp. 934-940. (scirp.org)
• Cushing s syndrome can be caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting solid tumors. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
• Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) is caused by nonpituitary tumors that secrete either adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and/or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and cause bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
• Cushing's syndrome can be caused by overuse of cortisol medication, as seen in the treatment of chronic asthma or rheumatoid arthritis ( iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome ), excess production of cortisol from a tumor in the adrenal gland or elsewhere in the body ( ectopic Cushing's syndrome ) or a tumor of the pituitary gland secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) which stimulates the over-production of cortisol from the adrenal gland (Cushing's disease). (aans.org)
• Ectopic Cushing syndrome is a form of Cushing syndrome in which a tumor outside the pituitary gland produces a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (medlineplus.gov)
• The pituitary gland signal is called corticotropin or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (urologyhealth.org)
• It is secreted in concert with cortisol, under the control of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and prolactin. (thefreedictionary.com)
• After the hypothalamus (the part of the brain containing secretions important to metabolic activities) sends "releasing hormones" to the pituitary gland , the pituitary secretes a hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (encyclopedia.com)
• The pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulates cortisol production in the adrenal glands. (healthline.com)
• Physical examination revealed severe proximal muscle wasting and weakness, central obesity, proptosis, and abdominal striae, accompanied by eosinophilia, elevated hemoglobin A1c, elevated 24-hour urinary cortisol, lack of suppression of 8 am cortisol levels by 1 mg dexamethasone, and inappropriately elevated random adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level. (ajtmh.org)
• Cushing disease is a condition in which the pituitary gland releases too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (stlukes-stl.com)
• Thus, the term Cushing syndrome has been modified to refer to all patients with the classic symptoms and signs of the condition, regardless of the cause, while the term Cushing disease is restricted to patients in whom the symptoms and signs are caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone - (ACTH-) secreting pituitary tumour. (britannica.com)
• Gabi, Jenan N;Milhem, Maali M;Tovar, Yara E;Karem, Emhemmid S;Gabi, Alaa Y;Khthir, Rodhan A 2018-05-24 00:00:00 Abstract Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing syndrome is rarely caused by a pheochromocytoma. (deepdyve.com)
• ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma, Cushing syndrome, ectopic, pheochromocytoma Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production is a rare cause of Cushing syndrome. (deepdyve.com)
• Cushing's disease is a cause of Cushing's syndrome characterised by increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary (secondary hypercortisolism ). (wikipedia.org)
• This paper highlights the problem of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) with clinical symptoms of hypercorticism caused by hypersecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by tumour cells. (hindawi.com)
• Cushing's disease is Cushing's syndrome caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• Cushing disease is Cushing syndrome that results from excess pituitary production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), generally secondary to a pituitary adenoma. (merckmanuals.com)
• Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex can be adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent or ACTH-independent. (merckmanuals.com)
• Cortisol is a glucocorticoid (steroid) hormone released from the adrenal gland in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). (floridahealthfinder.gov)
• Cushing's disease arises from functioning adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas. (thejns.org)
• C lassic Cushing's disease arises from a functioning adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting adenoma in the pituitary gland. (thejns.org)
• Alternatively an overnight 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test may be done in which dexamethasone is taken at midnight and serum cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are measured at 8 AM. Using the 5 µg/dL level, one can expect approximately 90%-95% sensitivity. (neurologyadvisor.com)
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is a hormone that stimulates the production of cortisol . (labcorp.com)
• Cushing syndrome is due to an ectopic secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in 10 % to 20% of cases. (enets.org)

Hypercortisolism17

• The laboratory data demonstrated ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism. (scirp.org)
• We report a rare case of an ileal endocrine carcinoma that produced ACTH and induced hypercortisolism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
• In these tissues, the ACTH produced is truncated and thus has lower biological activity due to the lack of adequate processing of POMC.The EAS occurs in around 5-10% of all cases of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism. (medigoo.com)
• Cushing's syndrome (CS) is defined as a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms occurring due to hypercortisolism. (viamedica.pl)
• Ectopic ACTH secretion symptoms are usually similar to hypercortisolism symptoms due to other causes. (viamedica.pl)
• Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) occurs in about 5-10% of all patients with ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism with most of them caused by intrathoracic neoplasms. (bioscientifica.com)
• Between 10% and 20% of patients with hypercortisolism ( Cushing Syndrome ) have ectopic production of the hormone ACTH. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Cushing's syndrome is also called hypercortisolism. (mamashealth.com)
• Cushing's syndrome, also called hypercortisolism, has an adverse effect on all of the processes described above. (encyclopedia.com)
• Cushing's syndrome or hypercortisolism, occurs due to abnormally high levels of the hormone cortisol. (healthline.com)
• We present a case of ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma that presented with severe symptoms of both hypercortisolism and catecholamine excess. (deepdyve.com)
• KORLYM ( mifepristone ) is a cortisol receptor blocker indicated to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery. (rxlist.com)
• 1.1 In patients with overt Cushing's syndrome (CS), we recommend normalizing cortisol levels or action at its receptors to eliminate the signs and symptoms of CS and treating comorbidities associated with hypercortisolism. (endocrine.org)
• Patients with Cushing's syndrome may present with a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from subclinical to overt syndrome, depending on the duration and intensity of excess glucocorticoid production, the presence or absence of mineralocorticoid and androgen excess, and the cause of hypercortisolism. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• Cushing's Syndrome Hypercortisolism of any cause Cushing's Disease Corticotropin (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma. (slideserve.com)
• Another name for Cushing's syndrome is hypercortisolism. (vic.gov.au)
• These tumors are most often discovered when clinical manifestations of hypercortisolism resulting from hypersecretion of ACTH prompt an appropriate diagnostic work-up. (aafp.org)

Cushing Syndrome71

• It is done to help diagnose Cushing syndrome and identify the cause. (medlineplus.gov)
• An abnormal response to the low-dose test may mean that you have abnormal release of cortisol (Cushing syndrome). (medlineplus.gov)
• Cushing syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body has a higher than normal level of the hormone cortisol. (medlineplus.gov)
• This is called ectopic Cushing syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
• Ectopic Cushing syndrome is caused by tumors that release ACTH. (medlineplus.gov)
• Ectopic Cushing syndrome can cause a lot of different symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
• The best treatment for ectopic Cushing syndrome is surgery to remove the tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
• Call your provider if you develop symptoms of Cushing syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
• Cushing Syndrome is an endocrine disorder causing an over production of the hormone cortisol. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Ilias I, Nieman LK (2002) Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion: two decades' experience at a single center. (springer.com)
• what is important in cushing syndrome? (brainscape.com)
• To develop criteria for interpreting results of the metyrapone test for the differential diagnosis of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-dependent Cushing syndrome and to compare its diagnostic accuracy with that of the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test. (annals.org)
• 186 patients believed to have the ACTH-Dependent Cushing syndrome who had the metyrapone test, the dexamethasone test, and a surgical procedure to remove the source of excessive ACTH. (annals.org)
• Of those 15 patients, 14 were ultimately classified as having pituitary disease on the basis of follow-up, and 1 was found to have ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome. (annals.org)
• When the criteria for both the metyrapone and dexamethasone tests were combined to identify patients with the pituitary Cushing syndrome, the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy improved to 88% and 89%, respectively. (annals.org)
• The metyrapone test, which can be done in 48 hours, has a sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of the Cushing syndrome identical to that of the standard 6-day high-dose dexamethasone suppression test. (annals.org)
• Cushing syndrome encompasses all causes of glucocorticoid excess, whereas Cushing disease is reserved only for pituitary-dependent Cushing syndrome. (medscape.com)
• Suppression is absent in Cushing syndrome. (medscape.com)
• Suppression is absent in patients with Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH secretion or adrenal abnormalities. (medscape.com)
• such inhibition does not occur in patients with Cushing syndrome. (medscape.com)
• Cushing syndrome is a disorder that occurs when your body has a high level of the hormone cortisol. (stlukes-stl.com)
• Ectopic Cushing syndrome, on the other hand, occurs when ACTH is produced somewhere other than the pituitary gland. (stlukes-stl.com)
• Ectopic Cushing syndrome tends to have fewer symptoms than classic Cushing syndrome. (stlukes-stl.com)
• Cushing syndrome , disorder caused by overactivity of the adrenal cortex . (britannica.com)
• This pituitary disorder became known as Cushing syndrome . (britannica.com)
• Among patients with spontaneously occurring Cushing syndrome, about 70 percent have Cushing disease. (britannica.com)
• Although Cushing syndrome is a relatively rare disease, it is four times as common in women as in men and may appear during or just following pregnancy . (britannica.com)
• Cushing syndrome is caused by the excessive secretion of cortisol (hydrocortisone) by the adrenal cortex. (britannica.com)
• In general, anything that increases the adrenal gland's secretion of glucocorticoid hormones will cause Cushing syndrome, including adrenal tumours and overproduction of ACTH, which is the major pituitary hormone regulating adrenal function. (britannica.com)
• Iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is far more common than any of the disorders described above and is caused by the therapeutic administration of high doses of glucocorticoids , usually in the form of prednisone, prednisolone, or dexamethasone. (britannica.com)
• For the most part, the symptoms and signs of Cushing syndrome are caused by excess cortisol. (britannica.com)
• A diagnosis of Cushing syndrome is often confirmed by the presence of high levels of cortisol in the serum, saliva, or urine . (britannica.com)
• The different causes of Cushing syndrome are distinguished from one another by measurements of serum ACTH and serum cortisol concentrations before and after the administration of dexamethasone. (britannica.com)
• Children with Cushing syndrome not only have osteoporosis but also have delayed growth and bone age. (britannica.com)
• This should not be confused with ectopic Cushing syndrome or exogenous steroid use. (wikipedia.org)
• Cushing syndrome is a constellation of clinical abnormalities caused by chronic high blood levels of cortisol or related corticosteroids. (merckmanuals.com)
• Whereas the term Cushing syndrome denotes the clinical picture resulting from cortisol excess from any cause, Cushing disease refers to hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex from pituitary ACTH excess. (merckmanuals.com)
• Purple linear stretch marks (striae) are visible on the abdomen of this patient with Cushing syndrome. (merckmanuals.com)
• In this patient with Cushing syndrome, findings shown include facial rounding, plethora of the cheeks, supraclavicular fat, and striae. (merckmanuals.com)
• 331 nmol/24 hours) in almost all patients with Cushing syndrome. (merckmanuals.com)
• However, many patients with elevations of urinary free cortisol between 100 and 150 mcg/24 hours (276 and 414 nmol/24 hours) have obesity, depression, or polycystic ovaries but not Cushing syndrome. (merckmanuals.com)
• however, since as many as 60% of patients with ectopic ACTH-producing tumors have been found to respond, many institutions no longer use the metyrapone test in the differential diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. (labcorp.com)
• In the early twentieth century, Harvey Cushing, (1869-1939), an American neurosurgeon, described a set of symptoms that he identified as a syndrome later called Cushing syndrome or disease . (jrank.org)
• The cause of the syndrome at the time was unknown, but since then, a better understanding of the underlying causes of Cushing syndrome have been elucidated. (jrank.org)
• Cushing syndrome is a disorder that is caused by excessive exposure of the body's tissues to a hormone called cortisol for long periods of time. (jrank.org)
• People that take steroidal hormones such as prednisone for arthritis or asthma may develop symptoms similar to Cushing syndrome. (jrank.org)
• Pituitary adenomas are non-cancerous tumors that produce increased amounts of ACTH and cause the greatest number of cases of Cushing syndrome with a five-fold higher risk for women. (jrank.org)
• Other cases of Cushing syndrome come from adrenal tumors. (jrank.org)
• Familial Cushing syndrome is condition that involves an inherited susceptibility to developing endocrine gland tumors but only accounts for a small population of patients. (jrank.org)
• Cushing syndrome patients can develop a rounded, moon-shaped face, a large fat pad below the neck and on the back between the shoulders (called a buffalo hump), and an accumulation of fat on the abdomen. (jrank.org)
• The first step in treating Cushing syndrome patients is to identify the cause of the excessive ACTH production. (jrank.org)
• Cushing syndrome symptoms in patients that are receiving treatment of cortisol can reverse the symptoms by refraining from taking these medications. (jrank.org)
•   Common Signs and Symptoms Cushing syndrome occurs due to excess circulating glucocorticoids over a period of time. (visualdx.com)
• Endogenous causes of Cushing syndrome may be divided into adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH)-dependant and non-ACTH-dependent disease. (visualdx.com)
• Cushing disease accounts for two-thirds of all cases of endogenous Cushing syndrome and is caused by excessive secretion of ACTH hormone by a pituitary microadenoma. (visualdx.com)
• The typical cushingoid features seen in patients with Cushing syndrome arise because of the glucocorticoid excess. (visualdx.com)
• Skin changes in Cushing syndrome are manifold. (visualdx.com)
• Ectopic ACTH production can also lead to Cushing syndrome. (visualdx.com)
• In these patients, because the onset of Cushing syndrome is sudden, there is no time to develop the characteristic clinical features. (visualdx.com)
• Cushing disease is a form of Cushing syndrome. (pennmedicine.org)
• Other forms of Cushing syndrome include exogenous Cushing syndrome, Cushing syndrome caused by adrenal tumor, and ectopic Cushing syndrome. (pennmedicine.org)
• Cushing syndrome due to adrenal tumor is a form of Cushing syndrome. (stlukes-stl.com)
• Cancerous tumors that may cause Cushing syndrome include an adrenal carcinoma. (stlukes-stl.com)
• Cushing syndrome or pathologic cortisol excess is a rare condition in the pediatric population. (neurologyadvisor.com)
• In this regard, it is important to remember that Cushing syndrome carries a high morbidity and mortality, due at least in part to the delay in establishing its diagnosis. (neurologyadvisor.com)
• Cushing syndrome should be strongly suspected in patients with weight gain associated with growth failure and rounded facies. (neurologyadvisor.com)
• Auxologic data are extremely important in the diagnosis of pediatric Cushing syndrome. (neurologyadvisor.com)
• It is interesting to note that muscle weakness and mental symptoms are thought to be less common than in adults with Cushing syndrome. (neurologyadvisor.com)
• Ectopic Cushing syndrome also causes ACTH-dependent cortisol excess but is exceedingly rare. (neurologyadvisor.com)
• in addition to Cushing disease, Cushing syndrome may be due to an adrenal tumor, adrenal hyperplasia, the use of steroid medications, or due to an ACTH-producing tumor located outside the pituitary (ectopic), such as in the lungs. (labcorp.com)
• 858 Metastatic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Ectopic Cushing Syndrome: Could Everolimus Be a Safe Therapeutic Option? (enets.org)

Excess20

• Cushing's syndrome is a disorder caused by the body's exposure to an excess of the hormone cortisol . (aans.org)
• Localizing the source of excess ACTH continues to be a challenge in most patients. (healio.com)
• Cushing's syndrome is caused by an excess of the hormone cortisol. (healthline.com)
• Excess ACTH may result from pituitary tumours (Cushing disease), as in Cushing's first group of symptomatic patients, or from inappropriate production of the hormone by other tissues that do not ordinarily make ACTH (ectopic corticotropin syndrome). (britannica.com)
• However, depending on the cause, there may also be symptoms and signs of excess mineralocorticoids, androgens, or ACTH. (britannica.com)
• Patients with ectopic corticotropin syndrome may have hyperpigmentation and mineralocorticoid excess. (britannica.com)
• In Cushing's syndrome the most frequent signs are gaining excess weight and central obesity. (biomedsearch.com)
• [5] Patients with Cushing's disease usually present with one or more signs and symptoms secondary to the presence of excess cortisol or ACTH . (wikipedia.org)
• Endogenous Cushing's syndrome is a clinical state resulting from prolonged, inappropriate exposure to excessive endogenous secretion of cortisol and hence excess circulating free cortisol, characterized by loss of the normal feedback mechanisms of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the normal circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion [2]. (pubfacts.com)
• Chronic ACTH excess leads to chronic cortisol excess, without escape phenomenon, resulting in Cushing's syndrome. (frontiersin.org)
• Chronic ACTH excess leads to chronic adrenal mineralocorticoid excess and low aldosterone levels: after an acute rise, aldosterone plasma levels resume low values after a few days when ACTH is prolonged. (frontiersin.org)
• Two other mineralocorticoids in man, cortisol and 11 deoxycorticosterone (DOC), at the zona fasciculata, will not escape the long-term effect of chronic ACTH excess and their secretion rates will remain elevated in parallel. (frontiersin.org)
• This review will examine the effects of chronic ACTH excess on adrenal cortex in man, and concentrate on steroid secretion and adrenal cortex growth. (frontiersin.org)
• The many situations that are associated with chronic ACTH excess in man are presented in Table 1 . (frontiersin.org)
• Excess ACTH is chronically produced by a pituitary or a non-pituitary tumor and acts on a basically normal adrenal cortex. (frontiersin.org)
• The Endocrine Society recommends that the first-line treatment for endogenous Cushing's syndrome be the removal of the tumor unless surgery is not possible or unlikely to address the excess cortisol. (endocrine.org)
• 3.1 We recommend initial resection of primary lesion(s) underlying Cushing's disease (CD), ectopic and adrenal (cancer, adenoma, and bilateral disease) etiologies, unless surgery is not possible or is unlikely to significantly reduce glucocorticoid excess. (endocrine.org)
• Severe hypertension and hypokalemia commonly seen in patients with ectopic ACTH secretion (excess cortisol overwhelms the capacity of the 11-b-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type II, which oxidizes cortisol to inactive cortisone, thereby resulting in activation of mineralocorticoid receptors). (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• Once pathologic cortisol excess has been documented, the next step is to measure ACTH. (neurologyadvisor.com)
• Excess glucocorticoid activity can be due to endogenous cortisol overproduction (spontaneous Cushing's syndrome) or exogenous glucocorticoid therapy (iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome). (nih.gov)

Adenoma6

• Just like a pituitary adenoma, these ACTH-producing tumors make too much ACTH and in turn cause the adrenal glands to make too much cortisol. (medigoo.com)
• Laparoscope resection of ectopic corticosteroid-secreting adrenal adenoma. (nel.edu)
• The term "Cushing's disease" refers to Cushing's syndrome, which is caused by excessive secretion of ACTH by a pituitary tumor, usually an adenoma (noncancerous tumor). (encyclopedia.com)
• Of these, 68% is pituitary adenoma, whereas 15% is ectopic ACTH syndrome. (biomedsearch.com)
• The etiology of Cushing's syndrome may be excessive ACTH secretion from the pituitary gland, ectopic ACTH secretion by nonpituitary tumor, or excessive autonomous secretion of cortisol from a hyperfunctioning adrenal adenoma or carcinoma. (pubfacts.com)
• 1 The term "Cushing's disease" is reserved for Cushing's syndrome that is caused by excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) by a pituitary tumor, usually an adenoma. (aafp.org)

Adrenocorticotrophic5

• A syndrome characterized by abnormal secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone in conjunction with neoplastic growth occurring anywhere in the body. (icd10data.com)
• Dexamethasone suppression test measures whether adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( ACTH ) secretion by the pituitary can be suppressed. (medlineplus.gov)
• A rare case with ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone syndrome (EAS) caused by medullar thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in mediastinum was repor. (nel.edu)
• Early diagnosis and localization of the ectopic source of [adrenocorticotrophic hormone] is crucial, because the treatment of choice in most of these patients is complete excision of the tumor. (healio.com)
• Benign, or non-cancerous, tumors of the pituitary gland called pituitary adenomas that secrete excessive amounts of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) cause an estimated 70 percent of Cushing's syndrome cases in adults and is referred to as Cushing's disease. (ucsfhealth.org)

Endocrine9

• may be used as additional codes to indicate either functional activity by neoplasms and ectopic endocrine tissue or hyperfunction and hypofunction of endocrine glands associated with neoplasms and other conditions classified elsewhere. (icd10data.com)
• However, some individuals may develop Cushing's syndrome due to an inherited tendency to develop tumors of one or more endocrine glands. (aans.org)
• Treatment of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. (medlineplus.gov)
• Cushing's syndrome is a relatively rare endocrine (hormonal) disorder resulting from excessive exposure to the hormone cortisol. (encyclopedia.com)
• Rarely, some people may have an inherited tendency to develop tumors of one or more endocrine glands that can lead to Cushing's syndrome. (ucsfhealth.org)
• Although Cushing's syndrome isn't typically inherited, it's possible to have an inherited tendency to develop tumors of the endocrine glands. (healthline.com)
• Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis insufficiency is the most common endocrine disorder in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). (biomedsearch.com)
• Cushing's syndrome (CS) is an endocrine disorder associated with serious consequences if not adequately treated. (enets.org)
• Briefly describe endocrine tumours including the important multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. (slideshare.net)

Cushing's Disease23

• The mean age of clinical presentation, as shown in several series published in the literature, varies from 45 to 50 years, being higher when compared with the mean age of Cushing's disease, which is 30-40 years.The most common places for an ectopic ACTH-producing tumor are in the lung and thymus, both located in the chest. (medigoo.com)
• First described in 1912 by neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing, MD, in his book The Pituitary Body and Its Disorders , Cushing's disease is the most common cause of spontaneous Cushing's syndrome, accounting for 60-70 percent of all cases. (aans.org)
• They also compared those with ectopic Cushing's syndrome with 20 patients who had Cushing's disease. (healio.com)
• Compared with patients with Cushing's disease, those with ectopic Cushing's syndrome had "markedly higher" midnight cortisol and ACTH, as well as basal cortisol and ACTH. (healio.com)
• Although it is rare, about two-thirds of endogenous (occurring within the body rather than from a source outside the body, like a medication) Cushing's syndrome is a result of Cushing's disease. (encyclopedia.com)
• If Cushing's syndrome is caused by the pituitary gland overproducing ACTH which in turn becomes cortisol, it's called Cushing's disease. (healthline.com)
• As with Cushing's syndrome, Cushing's disease affects more women than men. (healthline.com)
• Ninety-one patients with Cushing's syndrome: 57 pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease, 10 adrenocortical adenomas, six adrenocortical carcinomas and 18 ectopic ACTH syndrome. (nih.gov)
• At the same time, serum 11-desoxycortisol levels increased in all patients, while plasma ACTH increased in patients with pituitary Cushing's disease and the ectopic ACTH-syndrome. (nih.gov)
• Results: Of 34 patients, 20 had Cushing's disease and 14 had Cushing's syndrome. (biomedsearch.com)
• Conclusions: As reported in the literature, Cushing's disease is the most common form of Cushing's syndrome and various complications such as adrenal failure, hypogonadism, diabetes insipidus can develop following the treatment. (biomedsearch.com)
• The symptoms of Cushing's disease are similar to those seen in other causes of Cushing's syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
• If corticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome is determined then the next step is to distinguish between Cushing's disease and ectopic corticotropin syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
• Patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, either Cushing's disease or the ectopic ACTH secretion syndrome. (frontiersin.org)
• The most common endogenous cause of Cushing's syndrome is Cushing's disease. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• This form is known as Cushing's disease and accounts for about seven in 10 cases of Cushing's syndrome. (vic.gov.au)
• Occasionally, the entire pituitary gland will need to be removed or injured in order to cure the Cushing's disease, leaving the person with a deficiency of ACTH and the other pituitary hormones. (digitalnaturopath.com)
• The evaluation of patients with suspected Cushing's disease and syndrome requires an understanding of the proper use and limitations of the tests commonly included in the diagnostic work-up. (aafp.org)
• Cushing's disease is responsible for roughly two thirds of the cases of endogenous Cushing's syndrome. (aafp.org)
• Does pituitary compression/empty sella syndrome contribute to MRI-negative Cushing's disease? (thejns.org)
• Empty sella syndrome is a phenomenon by which an arachnoid outpouching of CSF into the sella leads to compression of the pituitary, likely due to intracranial hypertension (a common issue in Cushing's disease), further leading to difficulty in visualizing the pituitary gland that may contribute to difficulty in finding a tumor on MRI, so-called MRI-negative Cushing's disease. (thejns.org)
• The authors sought to examine the association between empty sella syndrome and MRI-negative Cushing's disease. (thejns.org)
• Empty sella syndrome is associated with an increased rate of MRI-negative Cushing's disease. (thejns.org)

Small cell carc1

• Ectopic ACTH syndrome, also known as small-cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)

Source of ectopic ACTH production4

• The inability to detect the source of ectopic ACTH production often results in unnecessary pituitary surgery or irradiation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• This study will test whether [18-F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) or use of a higher dose of [111In-DTPA-D-Phe]-pentetreotide can be used to successfully localize the source of ectopic ACTH production. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• This protocol tests whether [18F]-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) or use of a higher dose of [111In-DTPA-D-Phe]-pentetreotide can be used to localize successfully the source of ectopic ACTH production. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• Very rarely the source of ectopic ACTH production can be a pheochromocytoma. (deepdyve.com)

Corticotropin-releasi2

• This interaction takes place as Arginine Vasopressin works with corticotropin releasing hormone to stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete ACTH. (wikipedia.org)
• Other endogenous causes of Cushing's syndrome include ectopic secretion of ACTH or corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) by nonpituitary tumors and primary adrenal tumors. (psychiatryadvisor.com)

Known as ectopic ACTH syndrome2

• This condition is known as ectopic ACTH syndrome. (aans.org)
• Cancerous tumors that develop outside the pituitary can produce ACTH, a condition also known as ectopic ACTH syndrome. (jrank.org)

Bronchial4

• Thallium-201 Scintigraphy Was Useful in Diagnosing Ectopic ACTH Syndrome Due to Bronchial Carcinoid. (nii.ac.jp)
• AVPR1B is expressed at high levels in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas as well as in bronchial carcinoids responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
• The first report of this syndrome in association with a bronchial carcinoid tumor was by Stanford, Davis, Gunter, and Hobart in 1958. (medscape.com)
• Ectopic ACTH is produced by bronchial carcinoids , thymic or pancreatic carcinoids , thymic neuroendocrine tumors, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, or pheochromocytomas . (visualdx.com)

Glucocorticoid6

• Cushing's syndrome may be a result of prescribed glucocorticoid hormones. (mamashealth.com)
• The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is the long-term use of glucocorticoid hormones in medications. (encyclopedia.com)
• In addition, epidemiologic studies indicate that atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction occur in patients with long-term glucocorticoid treatment or Cushing's syndrome ( 33 , 109 , 187 ). (physiology.org)
• Because 11-S does not have glucocorticoid activity, it does not inhibit pituitary secretion of ACTH. (labcorp.com)
• Some people have Cushing's syndrome symptoms when they take glucocorticoid hormones to treat inflammatory conditions such as asthma, lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. (vic.gov.au)
• Subclinical Cushing's syndrome refers to autonomous glucocorticoid production without specific signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. (enets.org)

Plasma ACTH6

• As plasma ACTH concentration was 92 pg/ml (0 60) the patient was diagnosed with ACTH-dependent CS. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
• Plasma ACTH levels are generally useful in distinguishing EAS and associated CS, particularly to separate ACTH dependent from ACTH independent causes. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
• In ACTH independent tumors (Adrenal), plasma ACTH levels are very low to undetectable. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
• Conversely, in ACTH dependent tumors (ACTH secreting pituitary macroadenomas and neuroendocrine), plasma ACTH levels are normal to high. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
• 2002) Single determination of plasma ACTH using an immunoradiometric assay with high detectability differentiates between ACTH-dependent and-independent Cushing's syndrome. (springer.com)
• Hormonal studies showed that EAS unlike CD was associated with high plasma ACTH and cortisol levels, late-evening salivary cortisol and daily urinary free cortisol, the absence of a 60% or greater reduction of cortisol in the HDDST test, and the presence of a low (less than 2) ACTH gradient in response to desmopressin administration with catheterization of cavernous sinuses. (hindawi.com)

Investigating ectopic ACTH-produc1

• RIAs are recommended for investigating ectopic ACTH-producing tumors, because some of the tumors secrete ACTH precursors and fragments. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)

Symptoms15

• Persistence of improvement in response to mifepristone treatment will also be evaluated during this extension study by assessing the continued or sustained improvement in the signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• The mean Investigator's rating of the change in subject's signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome from Baseline (Entry into C1073-415) to Endpoint on the Physician's Global Assessment of Disease Severity was ranked on a 9-point scale (9 = much worse, 7 = worse, 5 = no change, 3 = better, 1 = much better). (clinicaltrials.gov)
• A careful history and physical examination should be performed to exclude signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism, and Cushing's syndrome. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• What Are the Symptoms of Cushing's Syndrome? (mamashealth.com)
• In addition to the common symptoms above, there are other symptoms that may sometimes be observed in people with Cushing's syndrome. (healthline.com)
• As is the case with women and children, men with Cushing's syndrome can also experience some additional symptoms. (healthline.com)
• These can include origin in an ectopic location, unusual presenting symptoms, and associated paraneoplastic syndromes. (hindawi.com)
• The clinical diagnosis must be based on the presence of one or more of the symptoms listed below, because the syndrome itself has no true pathognomonic signs or symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
• Diagnosis is made first by diagnosing Cushing's syndrome, which can be difficult to do clinically since the most characteristic symptoms only occur in a minority of patients. (wikipedia.org)
• Suspecting Cushing's syndrome on the basis of the patient's symptoms and signs. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• Symptoms of Cushing's syndrome that occur in the setting of malignancy may be overshadowed by symptoms of malignancy e.g. weight loss instead of weight gain. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• Patients with cyclical Cushing's syndrome may have intermittent symptoms. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• Symptoms of ACTH deficiency include weakness, fatigue and gastrointestinal disturbances. (cushings-help.com)
• The symptoms of Cushing's syndrome are caused by damage to body tissues due to high levels of the hormone cortisol in the blood over a long time. (vic.gov.au)
• These drugs can trigger symptoms of Cushing's syndrome, although the effects should reverse once the drug therapy is stopped. (vic.gov.au)

Case of ectopic Cushing's syndrome1

• We report a new case of ectopic Cushing's syndrome caused by an ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma. (scirp.org)

Pheochromocytoma2

• In summary, ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma is a rare condition that poses a clinical challenge in the perioperative period. (deepdyve.com)
• Pheochromocytoma accounts for 5% of ectopic ACTH secretion. (enets.org)

Exogenous4

• Healthy volunteers administered with exogenous ACTH or its synthetic analog Cortrosyn (ACTH 1-24 ). (frontiersin.org)
• Cushing's syndrome is a clinical condition resulting from prolonged exposure to excessive glucocorticoids, either from endogenous or exogenous sources. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• Therapeutic administration of exogenous glucocorticoids is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• The syndrome is most commonly caused by the therapeutic administration of exogenous glucocorticoids. (aafp.org)

Endogenous Cushing's syndrome3

• 85% of endogenous Cushing's syndrome is ACTH-dependent. (biomedsearch.com)
• Pituitary adenomas are responsible for 80% of endogenous Cushing's syndrome, [3] when excluding Cushing's syndrome from exogenously administered corticosteroids . (wikipedia.org)
• Endogenous Cushing's syndrome can be subdivided into ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent, the latter of which is usually due to autonomous adrenal overproduction. (nih.gov)

Diagnosis11

• Findling JW, Raff H (2001) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. (springer.com)
• 1999) Diagnosis and management of Cushing's syndrome: results of an Italian multicentre study. (springer.com)
• Newell-Price J, Grossman AB (2001) The differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. (springer.com)
• 2002) Nighttime salivary cortisol: a useful test for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. (springer.com)
• At the time of EAS diagnosis, imaging was able to correctly detect the ACTH-secreting tumour in 8/18 cases (6 new diagnosis and 2 recurrences). (bioscientifica.com)
• 156 patients had pituitary disease, 15 had ectopic ACTH secretion, and 15 had no diagnosis after pituitary surgery. (annals.org)
• We describe a patient with ENB that presented in several atypical ways-low-grade tumor which appeared to originate in the middle nasal cavity, presentation as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), and diagnosis during pregnancy. (hindawi.com)
• 1. Historical information and Physical Examination important in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• The role of the laboratory in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. (labcorp.com)
• Diagnosis and management of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: Comparison of the features in ectopic and pituitary ACTH production. (labcorp.com)
• Since ACTH -secreting tumors (for example, small cell lung cancer) may be very small or widespread at the time of diagnosis, cortisol -inhibiting drugs, like mitotane, are an important part of treatment. (cushings-help.com)

Tumours8

• One possible CS cause is ectopic (extra-pituitary) ACTH secretion (EAS) by benign or malignant tumours. (viamedica.pl)
• Ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS) is mostly secondary to thoracic/abdominal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) or small cell-lung carcinoma (SCLC). (bioscientifica.com)
• At last available follow-up, CT and 68 Ga-SSTR-PET/CT were able to diagnose 11/18 and 12/18 ACTH-secreting tumours, respectively (11/14 and 12/14 considering only overt and covert cases, respectively). (bioscientifica.com)
• ACTH-producing tumours of nonendocrine tissues that do not normally produce corticotropin occur in about 20 percent of patients. (britannica.com)
• CRH and ACTH-secreting tumours produce the clinical picture of hypercorticism. (hindawi.com)
• High cortisol also indicates other conditions such as adrenal tumours, Cushing's syndrome, and ectopic ACTH-producing tumours. (ehow.co.uk)
• In rare cases, other tumours in the body can produce ACTH. (vic.gov.au)
• Somatostatin Analogues (SSAs) are considered the gold standard treatment in Neuroendocrine Tumours (NETs) and carcinoid syndrome. (enets.org)

Overproduction3

• The results established clearly the left adrenal gland as the source of ACTH overproduction. (scirp.org)
• Twenty-five percent of these can be mixed in nature (both Cushing's syndrome and virilization) with overproduction of both glucocorticoids and androgens. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• To cure the overproduction of cortisol caused by ectopic ACTH syndrome, it is necessary to eliminate all of the cancerous tissue that is secreting ACTH . (cushings-help.com)

Levels of cortisol5

• Cushing's syndrome occurs when the body's tissues are exposed to excessive levels of cortisol for long periods of time. (mamashealth.com)
• The overall goal of Cushing's syndrome treatment is to lower the levels of cortisol in your body. (healthline.com)
• There has been a link between stress levels and the levels of cortisol in the blood because stress stimulates the pituitary to release ACTH. (ehow.co.uk)
• High levels of cortisol prompt the pituitary to decrease ACTH, which slows cortisol production. (vic.gov.au)
• ACTH is only produced when there are inadequate levels of cortisol in the bloodstream. (jrank.org)

Carcinoid tumors2

• Carcinoid syndrome has been reported in association with very large bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors or in the presence of metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
• Carcinoid syndrome sometimes develops in patients with carcinoid tumors. (merckmanuals.com)

Neuroendocrine tumor1

• Small cell lung cancer, another neuroendocrine tumor, is associated with paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) in up to 20% of cases, notably the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. (aad.org)

Cases of ectopic2

• Tumors in the lung account for more than half of all cases of ectopic ACTH syndrome. (encyclopedia.com)
• After administration of metyrapone, stimulation of 17-OHS excretion greater than 70% or of a plasma 11-deoxycortisol level greater than 400-fold did not result in the misclassification of any of the patients with surgically confirmed cases of ectopic ACTH secretion. (annals.org)

Tumour3

• Details and Download Full Text PDF: Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Heart Disease as Manifestations of Non-Metastatic Ovarian Neuroendocrine Tumour. (pubfacts.com)
• 15% of the patients had an extrapituitary tumour that manifest as an ectopic ACTH secretion (EAS). (hindawi.com)
• One type of pituitary gland tumour secretes additional ACTH, which forces the adrenal glands to make too much cortisol. (vic.gov.au)

Stimulation4

• Considering the periodic nature of ACTH secretion, CRH-induced stimulation of a neoplastic pituitary ACTH source can be employed to augment the sensitivity of this test. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
• Prolonged in vivo stimulation with ACTH leads to an increase in total adrenal protein and RNA synthesis. (frontiersin.org)
• Glucose intolerance (gluconeogenesis stimulation by cortisol and peripheral insulin resistance due to obesity), hypertension (through poorly understood multifactorial etiologies), both these increase cardiovascular risk, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Cushing's syndrome. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• The adrenal glands release cortisol in response to stimulation by another hormone, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), that is produced by the pituitary gland. (jrank.org)

Nonpituitary1

• Ectopic secretion of corticotropin(ACTH) by nonpituitary tumors accounts for 10 15% of ACTH dependent Cushing s syndrome (CS). (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Dependent11

• Conclusion: The last step of approaching to a patient with ACTH dependent CS is to detect the source of ACTH secretion. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
• Optimal treatment for ectopic ACTH syndrome is dependent on the ability to localize the source of ACTH. (medigoo.com)
• The prognosis of patients with [ectopic Cushing's syndrome] was dependent on tumor histology. (healio.com)
• If plasma corticotropin concentrations are consistently above 3.3 pmol/L, then corticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome is most likely. (wikipedia.org)
• Other than this broad ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent categories, the syndrome may be caused by ectopic CRH secretion, PPNAD, MAH, ectopic action of GIP or catecholamines, and other adrenel-dependent processes associated with adrenocortical hyperfunction. (pubfacts.com)
• Besides ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, there are many situations where ACTH is chronically oversecreted. (frontiersin.org)
• Cushing's syndrome can broadly be classified into either ACTH dependent or ACTH independent etiology. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
• Because cortisol is dependent on the release of ACTH from the pituitary gland, low test levels can also indicate an underactive pituitary. (ehow.co.uk)
• ACTH-dependent disease arises when there is increased ACTH from either the pituitary (Cushing disease) or from an ectopic ACTH-producing tumor. (visualdx.com)
• Non-ACTH-dependent disease occurs due to either adrenal adenomas or adrenal carcinomas. (visualdx.com)
• If ACTH is detectable (normal range usually 10-50 ng/L), an ACTH-dependent cause is strongly suspected, and the most common cause of this is Cushing disease. (neurologyadvisor.com)

Excessive3

• Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors of the pituitary gland that secrete increased amounts of ACTH causing excessive cortisol production. (aans.org)
• The term "Cushing's syndrome" is used to describe a condition resulting from long-term exposure to excessive glucocorticoids. (aafp.org)
• ACTH blood tests are used, usually in conjunction with cortisol tests , to help detect, diagnose, and monitor conditions associated with excessive or deficient cortisol in the body. (labcorp.com)

Benign or malignant1

• Some benign or malignant (cancerous) tumors that arise outside the pituitary gland can produce ACTH. (aans.org)

Production16

• Symptom complex due to acth production by non-pituitary neoplasms. (icd10data.com)
• Cortisol production is regulated by the ACTH produced in the pituitary gland . (aans.org)
• Cortisol is produced in the adrenal gland as a response to the production of ACTH in the pituitary gland. (clinicaltrials.gov)
• DHEA is secreted by the adrenal gland, and production is, at least partly, controlled by ACTH. (clinicaladvisor.com)
• Treatments for Cushing's syndrome are designed to return your body's cortisol production to normal. (mamashealth.com)
• The ACTH then travels through the bloodstream to the adrenal cortex, where it encourages the production and release of cortisol (sometimes called the "stress" hormone) and other adrenocortical hormones. (encyclopedia.com)
• Ectopic crh production has been documented. (nationalautismcenter.org)
• An adrenal abnormality or tumor can lead to irregular patterns of cortisol production, which can cause Cushing's syndrome. (healthline.com)
• Some medications decrease cortisol production in the adrenal glands or decrease ACTH production in the pituitary gland . (healthline.com)
• 1-4 As cortisol levels fall, the pituitary secretes ACTH, which in turn stimulates the adrenal to increase 11-S production. (labcorp.com)
• Dysregulated cortisol production can be due to abnormalities in the adrenal glands, the pituitary gland, or abnormal regulation of ACTH production. (jrank.org)
• It may be the result of abnormalities in the function of the pituitary gland or the adrenal cortex, exposure to cortisone for unrelated medical treatment purposes, or a tumor that stimulates ACTH or cortisol production. (jrank.org)
• Hyperpigmentation of the skin may be seen but is more common in pituitary or ectopic ACTH production. (visualdx.com)
• ACTH stimulates production and release of cortisol, a stress hormone. (pennmedicine.org)
• This stimulates the production of ACTH by the pituitary, which in turn stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands, small organs located at the top of each kidney. (labcorp.com)
• Conditions that affect the hypothalamus, pituitary, or adrenal glands can interfere with regulating ACTH and cortisol production, increasing or decreasing how much of the hormones the glands produce. (labcorp.com)

Tumors and primary adrenal1

• 1 , 3 , 4 The remainder of the endogenous cases are caused by ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors and primary adrenal neoplasms. (aafp.org)

Occurs3

• Cushing's syndrome is a rare disorder that occurs when the body is exposed to too much cortisol. (cushieblog.com)
• The syndrome occurs in approximately 10 to 15 out of every one million people per year, usually striking adults between the ages of 20 and 50. (encyclopedia.com)
• It occurs when the pituitary gland makes too much of the hormone ACTH. (stlukes-stl.com)

Urinary free cortisol2

• ACTH and cortisol levels in peripheral blood, late-night free salivary cortisol, and 24-hr urinary free cortisol were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay using an automated Cobas 6-1 system (Roche). (hindawi.com)
• The best screening test for Cushing's syndrome is a 24-hour urine collection with analysis for urinary free cortisol excretion. (aafp.org)

Deficiency3

• Adult idiopathic isolated ACTH deficiency: a short series and literature review. (nel.edu)
• Adult idiopathic isolated ACTH deficiency (AIIAD) is an underestimated disorder which is frequently misdiagnosed. (nel.edu)
• Guo Q, Lu J, Mu Y, Chen K, Pan C. Adult idiopathic isolated ACTH deficiency: a short series and literature review. (nel.edu)

Neoplasm1

• Hence, if the source of ACTH is a pituitary neoplasm, its early venous drainage, namely the inferior petrosal sinus, will have greater ACTH levels than the periphery. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)

Pituitary tumor2

• If the pituitary tumor cannot be removed, radiation therapy to the pituitary can be used, but the improvement in the Cushing's Syndrome is much slower. (digitalnaturopath.com)
• Removal of the adrenal glands can cause the pituitary tumor to get much bigger (Nelson syndrome). (pennmedicine.org)

Management of Cushing's syndrome2

• Morris D, Grossman A (2002) The medical management of Cushing's syndrome. (springer.com)
• In our experience metyrapone remains a most useful agent for controlling cortisol levels in the management of Cushing's syndrome of all types. (nih.gov)

Stimulates ACTH release1

• AVPR1B was initially described as a novel vasopressin receptor located in the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates ACTH release. (wikipedia.org)