Acrosome Reaction
Acrosome
Spermatozoa
Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.
Sperm Capacitation
The structural and functional changes by which SPERMATOZOA become capable of oocyte FERTILIZATION. It normally requires exposing the sperm to the female genital tract for a period of time to bring about increased SPERM MOTILITY and the ACROSOME REACTION before fertilization in the FALLOPIAN TUBES can take place.
Zona Pellucida
Sperm-Ovum Interactions
Sperm Motility
Sperm Head
Fertilization
Ionophores
Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.
Calcimycin
An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.
Peanut Agglutinin
Sea Urchins
Asterias
Epididymis
The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.
Fertilization in Vitro
Spermatids
Exocytosis
Semen Preservation
Pimozide
A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Benzamidines
Semen
Sperm Tail
Infertility, Male
Seminal Plasma Proteins
Proteins found in SEMEN. Major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex accessory glands, such as the SEMINAL VESICLES and the PROSTATE. They include the seminal vesicle-specific antigen, an ejaculate clotting protein; and the PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, a protease and an esterase.
rab3A GTP-Binding Protein
Testis
Spermatogenesis
Sperm Maturation
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Antigens, CD46
Bisbenzimidazole
Progesterone
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Lysophosphatidylcholines
Nigericin
Cell Membrane
Mesocricetus
Sulfuric Acids
Guinea Pigs
Cervix Mucus
A slightly alkaline secretion of the endocervical glands. The consistency and amount are dependent on the physiological hormone changes in the menstrual cycle. It contains the glycoprotein mucin, amino acids, sugar, enzymes, and electrolytes, with a water content up to 90%. The mucus is a useful protection against the ascent of bacteria and sperm into the uterus. (From Dictionary of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1988)
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Sperm Midpiece
Cricetinae
Fertility
Cryopreservation
Fallopian Tubes
A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.
Sus scrofa
Semen Analysis
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Follicular Fluid
Elements
Monensin
An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.
Ejaculation
Oocytes
Cattle
Glycoconjugates
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Microscopy, Immunoelectron
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Pentoxifylline
Plant Lectins
Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.
Sperm Transport
Membrane Fusion
Blotting, Western
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Phospholipase C delta
Aminacrine
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Fluorescent Dyes
Calcium Channels
Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Bicarbonates
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Glycoproteins
Staining and Labeling
Changes in hyaluronidase, acrosin, and N-acetylhexosaminidase activities of dog sperm after incubation. (1/514)
Hyaluronidase, acrosin and N-acetylhexosaminidase activities were examined in sperm collected from 12 beagle dogs and in culture medium after 0.5 hr and 7 hr of sperm incubation. The activities of the three enzymes were significantly higher at 7 hr than at 0.5 hr (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the increases were associated with sperm capacitation. It was considered that the three enzymes in the dog sperm are related to fertilization by reason of the findings of the release of these enzymes from the sperm into the medium after 7 hr of incubation. (+info)Voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and the acrosome reaction: which channels are present and what do they do? (2/514)
Evidence from pharmacological studies suggests that induction of the acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa by solubilized zona pellucida, and possibly by progesterone, is dependent upon Ca2+ influx through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Studies on Ca2+ accumulation and membrane potential in ligand-stimulated or artificially depolarized spermatozoa support such a conclusion. Electrophysiological studies on rodent spermatogenic cells have revealed the presence of a 'T' type voltage-operated Ca2+ current. This current has pharmacological attributes consistent with those of the putative channel responsible for Ca2+ influx mediating the acrosome reaction. However, use of molecular techniques to study human and rodent testis and spermatogenic cells has detected the presence of three different voltage-operated Ca2+ channel subunits. One of these (alpha lE) may generate T-currents, though this is currently disputed. Voltage-operated Ca2+ channel structure and the relationship between channel subunit expression and the characteristics of consequent Ca2+ currents is briefly reviewed. The nature and function of T-channel-mediated Ca2+ influx is examined in the context of the time-course of ligand- and depolarization-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in mammalian spermatozoa. It is likely that a secondary Ca2+ response (mobilization of stored Ca2+ or activation of a second Ca(2+)-influx pathway) is required for the acrosome reaction. Evidence for the existence and participation of various candidates is discussed (including voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, which may be functionally expressed only in mature spermatozoa), the available evidence favouring a secondary Ca(2+)-influx pathway. Immediate priorities for future research in this area are proposed. (+info)Ion channels in sperm physiology. (3/514)
Fertilization is a matter of life or death. In animals of sexual reproduction, the appropriate communication between mature and competent male and female gametes determines the generation of a new individual. Ion channels are key elements in the dialogue between sperm, its environment, and the egg. Components from the outer layer of the egg induce ion permeability changes in sperm that regulate sperm motility, chemotaxis, and the acrosome reaction. Sperm are tiny differentiated terminal cells unable to synthesize protein and difficult to study electrophysiologically. Thus understanding how sperm ion channels participate in fertilization requires combining planar bilayer techniques, in vivo measurements of membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and intracellular pH using fluorescent probes, patch-clamp recordings, and molecular cloning and heterologous expression. Spermatogenic cells are larger than sperm and synthesize the ion channels that will end up in mature sperm. Correlating the presence and cellular distribution of various ion channels with their functional status at different stages of spermatogenesis is contributing to understand their participation in differentiation and in sperm physiology. The multi-faceted approach being used to unravel sperm ion channel function and regulation is yielding valuable information about the finely orchestrated events that lead to sperm activation, induction of the acrosome reaction, and in the end to the miracle of life. (+info)Detection of partial and complete acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: which inducers and probes to use? (4/514)
The acrosome reaction (AR), an essential step for achieving mammalian fertilization, was recently introduced as a means of clinical evaluation of male fertility. However, most of the available techniques for acrosomal status assessment (except those employing electron microscopy) do not define whether the measurements represent partial or complete AR. We, therefore, performed a crossover investigation of the types of inducers and probes required for detecting partial or complete AR in human spermatozoa. The acrosomal status before and after stimulation with four AR inducers was evaluated after incubation for 3 h in capacitating conditions. We used a fluorescence-activated cell sorter with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibody CD46 (FITC-CD46) targeting the inner acrosomal membrane for detecting a complete AR, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) targeting the acrosomal content for detection of both partial and complete AR. Without stimulation or following stimulation with progesterone, follicular fluid (FF) or phorbol myristate ester (PMA), the AR could be detected with FITC-PSA but not with FITC-CD46. Following stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187, the AR could be detected by both FITC-PSA and FITC-CD46. These results suggest that spontaneous AR as well as AR induced by progesterone, PMA and FF are partial. In contrast, the AR induced by A23187 is total, i.e. both partial and complete. These findings are valuable for both research and clinical purposes and are a step towards an international agreement on a standard test for human sperm AR, for which there is an urgent need. (+info)Synthesis, characterization and preclinical formulation of a dual-action phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) with potent anti-HIV and spermicidal activities. (5/514)
In a systematic effort to develop a microbicide contraceptive capable of preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as providing fertility control, we have previously identified novel phenyl phosphate derivatives of zidovudine (ZDV) with 5-halo 6-alkoxy substitutions in the thymine ring and halo substitution in the phenyl moiety respectively. Here, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and successful preclinical formulation of our lead compound, 5-bromo-6-methoxy-3'-azidothymidine-5'-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), which exhibits potent anti-HIV and sperm immobilizing activities. The anti-HIV activity of WHI-07 was tested by measuring viral p24 antigen production and reverse transcriptase activity as markers of viral replication in HIV-1 infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). WHI-07 inhibited replication of HIV in a concentration-dependent fashion with nanomolar IC50 values. The effects of WHI-07 on human sperm motion kinematics were analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and its effects on sperm membrane integrity were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and high-resolution low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (HR-LVSEM). WHI-07 caused cessation of sperm motility in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The in-vitro cytotoxicities of WHI-07 and nonoxynol-9 (N-9) were compared using normal human ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cells by the MTT cell viability assay. Unlike N-9, WHI-07 had no effect upon sperm plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. N-9 was cytotoxic to normal human ectocervical and endocervical cells at spermicidal doses, whereas WHI-07 was selectively spermicidal. The in-vivo vaginal absorption and vaginal toxicity of 2% gel-microemulsion of WHI-07 was studied in the rabbit model. The sperm immobilizing activity of WHI-07 was 18-fold more potent than that of N-9. Over a 10 day period, there was no irritation or local toxicity to the vaginal epithelia or systemic absorption of WHI-07. Therefore, as a potent anti-HIV agent with spermicidal activity, and lack of mucosal toxicity, WHI-07 may have the clinical potential to become the active ingredient of a vaginal contraceptive for women who are at high risk for acquiring HIV by heterosexual vaginal transmission. (+info)Progesterone promotes the acrosome reaction in capacitated human spermatozoa as judged by flow cytometry and CD46 staining. (6/514)
The acrosome reaction is a necessary prerequisite for spermatozoa to acquire fertilizing ability. Several different moieties appear to promote the acrosome reaction through different pathways, including solubilized zona pellucidae, recombinant zona protein ZP3, follicular fluid, calcium ionophores, and mannosylated bovine serum albumin (BSA). Although many investigators have presented evidence that progesterone also promotes the acrosome reaction through the mediation of a non-genomic cell membrane receptor, this concept has been challenged. Other workers have suggested that progesterone does not promote an acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa, as judged by the detection of CD46, a complement regulatory protein present on the inner acrosome membrane, through flow cytometric analysis of large numbers of spermatozoa. Prior investigations were criticized by the limited numbers of spermatozoa enumerated visually, the use of non-specific staining techniques, and the failure to eliminate dead spermatozoa during the scoring of the acrosome reaction. We have repeated these experiments, using both a supravital dye to eliminate dead spermatozoa from flow cytometric analysis, and anti-CD46 monoclonal antibody to score acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Care was taken to validate the adequacy of capacitation conditions, which were proven by the ability of spermatozoa to acrosome react in response to mannosylated BSA and to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs. Confocal microscopy was used to confirm that CD46 immunostaining was limited to the acrosomal region of the spermatozoon head. Our results indicate that progesterone does promote an acrosome reaction within capacitated spermatozoa. (+info)Characterization of human zona pellucida glycoproteins. (7/514)
The human egg may only be fertilized by one spermatozoon to prevent polyploidy. In most mammals, the primary block to polyspermy occurs at the zona pellucida (ZP). Little is known of the human ZP and the changes occurring following fertilization to prevent polyploidy. Using antibodies directed against synthetic peptides predicted from the human ZP2 and ZP3 cDNA, we identified ZP3 as a 53-60 kDa glycoprotein and ZP2 as a 90-110 kDa glycoprotein in prophase-I oocytes. Characterization of the ZP from metaphase II arrested eggs (inseminated-unfertilized and fertilized-uncleaved), shows no visible modification of ZP3, but demonstrates that ZP2 undergoes limited proteolysis in the amino terminal domain, to a 60-73 kDa species, denoted ZP2p, which remains linked to the proteolysed fragments by intramolecular disulphide bonds. A lack of ZP2 proteolytic activity in acrosomal supernatants is consistent with an oocyte origin for the protease. The ZP2-specific protease may be released during cortical granule exocytosis which occurs during meiotic maturation and following sperm-egg fusion as part of the block to polyspermy. Since mouse ZP2 acts as a secondary sperm receptor, it is possible that intact ZP2 binds a secondary egg binding protein, whereas cleaved ZP2 does not, suggesting a possible mechanism for the block to polyspermy. (+info)Identification of Rab3A GTPase as an acrosome-associated small GTP-binding protein in rat sperm. (8/514)
The acrosome reaction is a membrane fusion event that is prerequisite for sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in membrane fusion, the expression and localization of Rab proteins, a subfamily of small GTPases that have been shown to play key roles in regulation of intracellular membrane traffic and exocytosis, were examined in rat testis and sperm. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot analysis, and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that Rab3A protein, which is thought to be involved in regulation of exocytosis in neurons and endocrine cells, is associated with the sperm acrosome. The protein was undetectable in acrosome-free heads prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Immunogold electron microscopy performed on ultrathin cryosections provided further evidence that Rab3A protein is associated with the acrosomal membrane. Acrosome reaction assays revealed that synthetic peptide of the Rab3 effector domain inhibited acrosomal exocytosis triggered by calcium ionophore A23187 in a concentration-dependent fashion, suggesting that Rab3A acts as an inhibitory regulator in the acrosome reaction. In view of the putative role of Rab3A protein in membrane fusion systems, these results suggest that Rab3A could be involved in regulating the mammalian acrosome reaction by controlling the membrane fusion system in sperm. (+info)
The zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa involves extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation, hyperactivation and progesterone-induced acrosome reaction are enhanced in IVF media: an...
Soybean trypsin inhibitor as a probe for the acrosome reaction in motile cynomolgus macaque sperm<...
Relations between low rates of in vitro fertilization and induction of sperm acrosome reactions by zona pellucida in the equine...
Calcium-dependent increase in adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea pig spermatozoa |...
Human sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction are impaired by 2-arachidonoylglycerol endocannabinoid.
EPP and adenosine inhibit spontaneous acrosome loss in boar sperm.<...
Fusion of membranes during the acrosome reaction: a tale of tw...
Human Sperm Acrosome Associated 1 (SPACA1) Protein (GST tag), Recombinant | ABIN1321048
Transgenic mouse sperm that have green acrosome and red mitochondria allow visualization of sperm and their acrosome reaction...
What is an Acrosome? - Definition from FertilitySmarts
acrosome
Acrosome | Project Gutenberg Self-Publishing - eBooks | Read eBooks online
IVF Glossary<...
Subject
Spaca9 sperm acrosome associated 9 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene - NCBI
acrosome
Recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 induces calcium influx and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa<...
IDEALS @ Illinois: Re-localization of SNARE proteins in mouse sperm prior to the acrosome reaction
Characterization of a novel role for the dynamin mechanoenzymes in the regulation of human sperm acrosomal exocytosis<...
Marine Drugs | Free Full-Text | Effect of Astaxanthin on Human Sperm Capacitation | HTML
Progesterone-induced Acrosome Exocytosis Requires Sequential Involvement of Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) and...
Multiple Sclerosis Research: The good news we have all been waiting for: the eagle has landed!
clarification
Search Results | rep
ProteomeXchange Dataset PXD014871-1
Instituto de Biotecnologia UNAM
Comparison of Motility, Acrosome, Viability and ATP of Boar Sperm with or without Cold Shock Resistance in Liquid Semen at 17℃...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Lipid Modulation of Calcium Flux through CaV2.3 Regulates Acrosome Exocytosis and Fertilization - 29876...
Asian Science Citation Index - Articles written by Gisela Machado-Oliveira
Instituto de Biotecnologia UNAM
Acrosome malformation of spermatozoa | definition of acrosome malformation of spermatozoa by Medical dictionary
JCI -
Citations to Targeted and restricted complement activation on acrosome-reacted spermatozoa
JCI -
Usage information: Targeted and restricted complement activation on acrosome-reacted spermatozoa
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors selectively localized to the acrosomes of mammalian sperm. | JCB
Evaluation of acrosome integrity in epidydimal alpaca sperm by flow cytometry<...
Molecular Mechanisms of Mammalian Sperm-Zona Pellucida Interaction: Crosstalk Between Sperm and Egg | SpringerLink
Biological Processes that Prepare Mammalian Spermatozoa to Interact with an Egg and Fertilize It
A tale of two cells: endocannabinoid-signaling regulates functions of neurons and sperm. - NextBio article
Plenary Lecture 1
Index of biology articles - Wikipedia
Acrosomal synonyms, acrosomal antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Double X Science: Pregnancy 101: Fertilization is another way to come together during sex
Search
antigen Archives - PestSmart Connect
Automotive OEMs - CzechInvest
Публикации
Effect of relaxin on human sperm functions. - MyScienceWork
Publications : CRDSI
Adverse effects of cadmium exposure on mouse sperm<...
FoalMaker
Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on <i xmlns=>In vitro</i> Fertilizing Ability and <i xmlns=>In vitro</i> Developmental...
My So Called Life: 2007
Intra-acrosomal protein monoclonal antibody, clone Hs-36 - (MAB3618) - Products - Abnova
Zona pellucida-binding protein 1
KAKEN - Research Projects | Molecular biology of species-specific sperm and zona pellucida interactions (KAKENHI-PROJECT...
Effect of micromolar concentration of Met-AEA on bull h | Open-i
Ovulating - What is Ovulation and How Can You Tell When You are Ovulating? - InsaneSparrow
Top Reasons Why You Should Hire Air Conditioning Installation Experts - Orange Rieruurlo
Egg jelly
Sperm guidance Acrosome reaction Oocyte Wessel, GM; Brooks, JM; Green, E; Haley, S; Voronina, E; Wong, J; Zaydfudim, V; Conner ... "Egg-jelly signal molecules for triggering the acrosome reaction in starfish spermatozoa". The International Journal of ... The sulfated fucan glycoproteins play an important role in binding to sperm receptors and triggering the acrosomal reaction. ...
Biochemical cascade
To have the ability to fertilize the female gamete, this cell suffers capacitation and acrosome reaction in female reproductive ... This hormone activates AKT that leads to activation of other protein kinases, involved in capacitation and acrosome reaction. ... Gupta, SK; Bhandari, B (January 2011). "Acrosome reaction: relevance of zona pellucida glycoproteins". Asian Journal of ... The basic unit of the Reactome database is a reaction; reactions are then grouped into causal chains to form pathways The ...
Capacitation
Cortical reaction Acrosome reaction Johnson MH (2007). Essential reproduction (6th ed.). Malden Massachusetts: Blackwell ... Lu HY, Lu JC, Hu YA, Wang YM, Huang YF (2002). "[Detection of human sperm morphology and acrosome reaction with Coomassie ... Ozaki T, Takahashi K, Kanasaki H, Miyazaki K (2002). "Evaluation of acrosome reaction and viability of human sperm with two ... These media can be supplemented with other chemicals to induce hyperactivated sperm motility and/or the acrosome reaction. For ...
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
This is because the acrosome reaction has to take place and thousands of sperm cells have to be involved in IVF. Once ... With this method, the acrosome reaction is skipped. There are several differences between classic IVF and ICSI. However, the ...
Hamster zona-free ovum test
This test evaluates the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. However, the incidence of acrosome reaction in freely swimming ... "Acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa in zona-free hamster egg penetration test". Fertility and Sterility. 50 (6): 954-9. doi: ...
SYT6
"Synaptotagmin VI participates in the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa". Developmental Biology. 235 (2): 521-9. doi: ...
Spermatozoon
The second process in sperm activation is the acrosome reaction. This involves releasing the contents of the acrosome, which ... As the spermatozoon approaches the egg, it undergoes the acrosome reaction in which the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses ... There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with ... Above the nucleus lies a cap-like structure called the acrosome, formed by modification of the Golgi body, which secretes the ...
Zona pellucida
ZP3 is then involved in the induction of the acrosome reaction, whereby a spermatozoon releases the contents of the acrosomal ... This structure binds spermatozoa, and is required to initiate the acrosome reaction. In the mouse (the best characterised ... They bind to capacitated spermatozoa and induce the acrosome reaction. Successful fertilization depends on the ability of sperm ... and enable the acrosome reaction for the successful adhesion and penetration by the sperm cell. Also allows correct embryo ...
Acrosin
... is released from the acrosome of spermatozoa as a consequence of the acrosome reaction. It aids in the penetration of ... Upon stimulus, the acrosome releases its contents onto the zona pellucida. After this reaction occurs, the zymogen form of the ... Thus, some argue for its role in assisting in the dispersal of acrosomal contents following the acrosome reaction, while others ... The importance of acrosin in the acrosome reaction has been contested. It has been found through genetic knockout experiments ...
Glycodelin
... F is thereby important to prevent a premature acrosome reaction. Found in Cumulus Oophorus, stimulates binding of ... thereby inhibiting acrosome reaction and sperm-egg binding. Upon de-glycosilation, glycodelin F dissociates from the sperm and ...
Pablo Visconti
... and Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation on Capacitation and the Spontaneous Acrosome Reaction of Hamster Sperm". Biology of ... "Analysis of CAPZA3 localization reveals temporally discrete events during the acrosome reaction". Journal of Cellular ...
ACRV1
1995). "Human SP-10: acrosomal distribution, processing, and fate after the acrosome reaction". Biol. Reprod. 51 (6): 1222-31. ...
Linda Holland
Acrosome reaction, cortical reaction and sperm-egg fusion". Zoomorphology. 108 (4): 229-243. doi:10.1007/BF00312223. ISSN 0720- ...
SPA17
"Sequence of a rabbit sperm zona pellucida binding protein and localization during the acrosome reaction". Dev. Biol. 165 (2): ...
Fertilisation
After the acrosome reaction, the sperm is believed to remain bound to the zona pellucida through exposed ZP2 receptors. These ... Additionally, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are released near the oocyte that promote the acrosome reaction. Fusion ... the binding of the spermatozoon to the GalT initiates the acrosome reaction. This process releases the hyaluronidase that ... "Glycosaminoglycans in Ewe Reproductive Tracts and Their Influence on Acrosome Reactions in Bovine Spermatozoa in Vitro". ...
Cation channels of sperm
Acrosome reaction Qi H, Moran MM, Navarro B, Chong JA, Krapivinsky G, Krapivinsky L, et al. (January 2007). "All four CatSper ...
Phospholipase A2
May 2010). "Group X phospholipase A2 is released during sperm acrosome reaction and controls fertility outcome in mice". The ... Increase in phospholipase A2 activity is an acute-phase reaction that rises during inflammation, which is also seen to be ...
Sardul Singh Guraya
... sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in the excised reproductive tract of hamsters". Theriogenology. 44 (4): 599-608. doi: ...
Carl H. Johnson
Heavy metal chelators prolong motility and viability of sea urchin sperm by inhibiting spontaneous acrosome reactions. J. Exp. ...
Reproductive immunology
Normally, spermatozoa fuse with the zona pellucida surrounding the mature oocyte; the resulting acrosome reaction breaks down ... In order to provide protection and immunity for both the mother and her fetus without developing rejection reactions, the ...
Sperm-associated antigen 8
2007). "Inhibition of mouse acrosome reaction and sperm-zona pellucida binding by anti-human sperm membrane protein 1 antibody ...
Sialyl-Lewis X
"Effects of Native Human Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins 3 and 4 on Acrosome Reaction and Zona Pellucida Binding of Human ...
AKAP3
It may function as a regulator of both motility- and head-associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. ...
ZP3
2007). "Acrosome reaction induced by recombinant human zona pellucida 3 peptides rhuZP3a22 approximately 176 and rhuZP3b177 ... 2008). "Effects of native human zona pellucida glycoproteins 3 and 4 on acrosome reaction and zona pellucida binding of human ... gene is a major structural component of the ZP and functions in primary binding and stimulation of the sperm acrosome reaction ...
VDAC2
... antibody for the combined assessment of human sperm acrosome integrity and ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction". PLOS ...
TCP11
... plays a role in stimulation of capacitation and inhibition of the spontaneous acrosome reaction". Molecular Reproduction and ...
Hyperactivation
... could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap-like structure on the head of the cell releases ... Capacitation Acrosome reaction v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles needing ... Some definitions consider sperm activation to consist of these two processes of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction ...
Asthenozoospermia
Studies in mice have shown that DHA is essential for acrosome reaction and a DHA deficiency results in abnormal sperm ...
Antisperm antibodies
As sperm undergoes biological changes including capacitation, acrosome reaction, zona binding, and sperm-egg fusion, the set of ... inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired ... However, only Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction (MAR) test and Immunobead Test (IBT) are currently being recommended by the WHO for ... Krause, Walter K.H. (2017). Immune infertility: impact of immune reactions on human fertility (2 ed.). Springer Verlag. ISBN ...
Veratridine
... has not been reported to have any effect on the acrosome reaction on its own, but it is able to block the ... capacitation and the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. "Steroidal Alkaloids". Pharmacognosy , Plants , herbal , herb , ... progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. Moreover, veratridine has the effect of turning the membrane potential to a more ...
Lipid bilayer
This fusion allows the joining of two distinct structures as in the acrosome reaction during fertilization of an egg by a sperm ...
FYN
... proper shaping of sperm head and acrosome within the testis and possibly has an additional role in the sperm acrosome reaction ...
Fertility testing
Risks associated with HSG are rare and include exposure to radiation, infection, allergic reactions to the contrast dye or ... Semen can be tested for sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, pH, volume, fructose content, and acrosome activity. ...
ADCY10
... and/or the acrosome reaction. Mutations in the ADCY10 gene are associated with an increased risk of adsorptive hypercalciuria. ...
Riftia pachyptila
The cup part is made up of acrosomes and nucleus, while the handle is made up by the tails. The spermatozoa in the package are ... Thus, they rely on R. pachyptila for the assimilation of nutrients needed for the array of metabolic reactions they employ and ... The male's spermatozoa are thread-shaped and are composed of three distinct regions: the acrosome (6 μm), the nucleus (26 μm) ... During the chemosynthesis, the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanase catalyzes the disproportionation reaction of the thiosulfate ...
Acrosome
This shedding of the acrosome, or acrosome reaction, can be stimulated in vitro by substances a sperm cell may encounter ... This can be done to serve as a positive control when assessing the acrosome reaction of a sperm sample by flow cytometry or ... "Comparative flow cytometric analysis of the human sperm acrosome reaction using CD46 antibody and lectins". J. Assist. Reprod. ... The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior (front) half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many ...
Biological membrane
Peroxisomes are one form of vacuole found in the cell that contain by-products of chemical reactions within the cell. Most ... acrosomes, melanosomes, and chromaffin granules). Different types of biological membranes have diverse lipid and protein ... These membrane proteins have various functions and characteristics and catalyze different chemical reactions. Integral proteins ...
GPX5
... the membranes of spermatozoa from the damaging effects of lipid peroxidation and/or preventing premature acrosome reaction. ...
Index of biology articles
... light reactions - limbic system - limnology - Lineweaver-Burke-diagram - lipase - lipid - liver - locus - long-term ... acrosome - actin - action potential - active site - adaptive radiation - address-message concept - adenosine 5'-triphosphate - ... condensation reaction - conidium - cork cambium - corpus luteum cortex - cotransport - cotyledons - covalent bond - crossing ... redox reaction - redox system - reduction - reflex - Renal corpuscle - repeats - replication bubble - repressor - reproduction ...
V-ATPase
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction studies have shown expression of the a4 subunit in the intercalated cell of the ... V-ATPases in the acrosomal membrane of sperm acidify the acrosome. This acidification activates proteases required to drill ...
Cumulus oophorus
... more layers of cumulus oophorus cells accumulate around the oocyte to aid in the acrosome reaction and sperm penetration into ...
Proteolysis
... reaction and do not catalyze further reactions post-cleavage. Examples include cleavage of the Asp-Pro bond in a subset of von ... and binding activity of zonadhesin suggest a function in sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida during exocytosis of the acrosome ... Autoproteolysis takes place in some proteins, whereby the peptide bond is cleaved in a self-catalyzed intramolecular reaction. ...
Cortical reaction
Acrosome reaction - The analogous reaction in the acrosome of the sperm Haley SA, Wessel GM. Sea urchin cortical granules ... The cortical reaction within the egg is analogous to the acrosomal reaction within the sperm, where the acrosome, a specialized ... The cortical reaction is a process initiated during fertilization that prevents polyspermy, the fusion of multiple sperm with ... This modification of the zona pellucida is known as the zona reaction. Although highly conserved across the animal kingdom, the ...
Hyaluronidase
In mammalian fertilization, hyaluronidase is released by the acrosome of the sperm cell after it has reached the oocyte, by ... a scheme based on the enzyme reaction products. The three main types of hyaluronidases are two classes of eukaryotic ...
Female infertility
... inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired ...
Acrosome reaction - Wikipedia
Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction, which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome ... the acrosome reaction releases hyaluronidase and acrosin; their role in fertilization is not yet clear. The acrosomal reaction ... which is necessary for initiating the acrosome reaction, the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane ... Since the acrosome reaction has already occurred, sperm are then able to penetrate the zona pellucida due to mechanical action ...
The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding of human...
The acrosome reaction was evaluated using flow cytometry. The radiation did not affect sperm propensity for the acrosome ... The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding of human ... This study concludes that although RF-EMF exposure did not adversely affect the acrosome reaction, it had a significant effect ... 18.8 ± 1.4 μm²) and acrosome percentage of the head area (21.5 ± 4% vs. 35.5 ± 11.4%) was reported among exposed sperm compared ...
Discrete dynamic model of the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: the influence of acrosomal pH and biochemical heterogeneity |...
The acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic process essential for mammalian fertilization. It involves diverse biochemical and ... Discrete dynamic model of the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: the influence of acrosomal pH and biochemical heterogeneity. ... Discrete dynamic model of the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: the influence of acrosomal pH and biochemical heterogeneity ... Discrete dynamic model of the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: the influence of acrosomal pH and biochemical heterogeneity ...
Phospholipase C zeta undergoes dynamic changes in its pattern of localization in sperm during capacitation and the acrosome...
... of PLC zeta in non-capacitated and capacitated sperm and in sperm treated with ionophore to induce the acrosome reaction. ... localized to acrosomal and post-acrosomal regions and undergoes dynamic changes during capacitation and the acrosome reaction, ... Acrosome, Acrosome Reaction, Animals, Blotting, Northern, Cloning, Molecular, Cricetinae, DNA Primers, Immunoblotting, Male, ... C zeta undergoes dynamic changes in its pattern of localization in sperm during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. ...
Egg-jelly signal molecules for triggering the acrosome reaction in starfish spermatozoa<...
None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca2+ or high pH ... None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca2+ or high pH ... None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca2+ or high pH ... None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca2+ or high pH ...
Nanoparticles and Spermatogenesis
Thus, NPs effects on the three parts of sperm: the acrosome, which is responsible for the acrosome reaction; the equatorial ... The study by Makhluf et al. only explored the acrosome reaction, so although some indication of fertilization capability of ... the acrosome reaction; penetration of the zona pellucida; sperm-oocyte membrane binding; egg activation and the cortical ... In addition, sperm cells exposed to Fe3O4-PVA for 4 h, A23187 (Ca2+ ionophore), and EGF show a normal acrosomal reaction, ...
ABHD2 Inhibitor Identified by Activity-Based Protein Profiling Reduces Acrosome Reaction
... Baggelaar MP;den Dulk H;Florea BI; ... The progesterone-induced acrosome reaction was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the newly identified inhibitor, which ... The progesterone-induced acrosome reaction was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the newly identified inhibitor, which ... provides further support for the key-role of ABHD2 in the P4-stimulated acrosome reaction. On this basis, the ABHD2 inhibitor ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
These Ca2+ and K+ channels are involved in early events of acrosome reactions. Ca2+ channel are susceptible to Cd2+ poisoning ... In both forms of male infertility the ability to undergo an acrosome reaction decreases. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain ... acrosome reaction; cadmium; ion channels; lead; male infertility ... reaction assays for Ca2+ and K+ channel isoforms may identify ...
Physiological Action of Oestradiol on the Acrosome Reaction in Human Spermatozoa. [Andrologia, 40, 146-151] - FEMM Health
The acrosome is a secretory vesicle located in the sperm head. The acrosome reaction consists in the fusion of the sperm plasma ... The objective of the present study was to analyse the influence of oestradiol on the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa to ... Physiological Action of Oestradiol on the Acrosome Reaction in Human Spermatozoa. [Andrologia, 40, 146-151] Author: Vigil, P., ... Toro, A., & Godoy, A. (2007) Abstract The acrosome is a secretory vesicle located in the sperm head. The acrosome reaction ...
Calcium influx and the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa
The aim of the second experiment was to determine the amount of progesterone needed to induce an acrosome reaction. However, in ... hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction. We investigated whether bicarbonate (HCO3-), extracellular calcium and ... progesterone appears not to be the relevant molecule to induce the acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. Further research ... progesterone modulate membrane fluidity and acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. Semen was initially diluted in INRA96 ( ...
ABHD2 abhydrolase domain containing 2, acylglycerol lipase [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
Zn<sup>2+</sup>-stimulation of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction is mediated by EGFR...
Zn2+-stimulation of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction is mediated by EGFR activation. In: Developmental Biology. ... Michailov Y, Ickowicz D, Breitbart H. Zn2+-stimulation of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction is mediated by EGFR ... In this study, we characterized the role of Zn2+ in sperm capacitation and in the acrosome reaction. Western blot analysis ... Dive into the research topics of Zn2+-stimulation of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction is mediated by EGFR ...
Impacts of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants on Semen Functions
... acrosome reaction, and signaling processes to ensure fertilization. The supplementation of a cryopreservation extender with ... A. K. Bansal and G. S. Bilaspuri, "Effect of ferrous ascorbate on in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction in cattle bull ... Thus, Mn2+ promotes the acrosome reaction [56]. Thiol groups also play an important role in detoxification and antioxidation of ... a potent antioxidant and stimulator of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in crossbred cattle bulls," Archiv fur ...
DCXR gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
... and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 1996 May;54(5):1009-17. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod54.5.1009. Citation on ... This reaction is one step in a process by which the body can use sugars for energy. There are two versions of L-xylulose ... One of its functions is to perform a chemical reaction that converts a sugar called L-xylulose to a molecule called xylitol. ...
Volume 76 Issue 3 | Biology of Reproduction
The status of sperm capacitation was evaluated by the capacity of sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction initiated by the ... KEYWORDS: acrosome reaction, decapacitation factor, epididymal sperm, female reproductive tract, fertilization, male ... The capacitation state was assessed by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the comprehensiveness of the acrosome reaction. ...
Professor David Hornby | Biosciences | The University of Sheffield
HUMAN SPERM ACROSOME REACTION. , Vol. 236 (pp 404-405) *Barratt CLR & Hornby DP (1995) Induction of the human acrosome reaction ... HUMAN SPERM ACROSOME REACTION. , Vol. 236 (pp 426-427) *Chapman NR, Hornby DP, Barratt CLR & Moore HDM (1995) The production ... Brewis IA, Chapman NR, Barratt CLR, Hornby DP & Moore HDM (1995) The signal transduction pathway of the acrosome reaction in ... Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 95 kDa protein and induction of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa by recombinant human ...
BSA Cell Culture Grade Grade 35% BSA Liquid - Journal of Nephrology ISSN 1724-6059
195,202-205 This binding results in the exocytosis of the sperm acrosome (AR).206 The GlcNAc-BSA-induced acrosome reaction is ... The induction of the acrosome reaction by GlcNAc-BSA and Man-BSA has been shown to involve voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and ... The effect of peritoneal fluid on the human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) was tested.208 When the AR was induced by GlcNAc-BSA ... Acrosome reaction induced by neoglycoproteins containing Man and GlcNAc. Several BSA-based neoglycoproteins were shown to ...
IJMS | May 2018 - Browse Articles
Oviductal sperm was readily induced to undergo the acrosome reaction using the A23187 ionophore; however, the acrosome reaction ... In addition, the acrosome reaction of capacitated sperm was inhibited after 90 min of incubation with SERPINE2. ... It also prevented the acrosome reaction in in vivo-capacitated sperm isolated from the oviduct. Thus, SERPINE2 could reversibly ... Q-PCR (Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) results showed that KIAA1462 was highly expressed in the liver, ovary ...
Structure of a mammalian sperm cation channel complex | Nature
WHO EMRO | Incidence of anti-zona pellucida and anti-sperm antibodies among infertile Jordanian women and its relation to...
The zona pellucida (ZP) is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the oocyte and is required to activate the acrosome reaction [1 ... Morales P, Lianos M. Interaction of human spermatozoa with the zona pellucida of oocytes: development of the acrosome reaction ... An equal volume of reaction mixture was added to the samples and loaded in a minicycler to be subjected to PCR. Purified M. ... Polymerase chain reaction. Cervical secretion samples were transferred to 0.5 mL sterile saline, and subjected to ...
Gene Ontology Classifications
The AMEDEO Literature Guide
Bi-allelic variants in KCNU1 cause impaired acrosome reactions and male infertility.. Hum Reprod. 2022;37:1394-1405.. PubMed ... Loss of SPACA1 function causes autosomal recessive globozoospermia by damaging the acrosome-acroplaxome complex.. Hum Reprod. ... Fertility patients under COVID-19: attitudes, perceptions and psychological reactions.. Hum Reprod. 2020;35:2774-2783.. PubMed ...
Erowid Cannabis Vaults : Pharmacology : An Overview of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System : Components and Possible Roles of...
THC and anandamide are also both thought to inhibit the acrosome reaction through cannabinoid receptors on the sperm cell ... It is therefore conceivable that the sea urchin synthesizes anandamide during the acrosome reaction in order to prevent ... Evidence for a cannabinoid receptor in sea urchin sperm and its role in blockade of the acrosome reaction. Mol Reprod Develop. ... Inhibition of the acrosome reaction induced by egg jelly. Mol Reprod Develop. 1991;29:51-59. ...
Find Research outputs
- University of East Anglia
Barry Behr, Ph.D., H.C.L.D.'s Profile | Stanford Profiles
Enhancement of motility and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: differential activation by type-specific phosphodiesterase ... PDE4 inhibitors enhanced sperm motility over controls without affecting the acrosome reaction, while PDE1 inhibitors ... has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. While several PDE genes exist ... the effect of type-specific PDE inhibition on sperm motility and the acrosome reaction was examined. ...
C2CD6 is required for assembly of the CatSper calcium channel complex and fertilization | bioRxiv
The effect of caffeine on calcium efflux and calcium translocation in skeletal and visceral muscle | Citedby Results | Journal...
8-Br-cGMP BIOLOG Life Science Institute
ZonaCapacitation and acrosome reactionOocyteInduceFertilizationPlasma membraneViabilityPrematureMotility and acrosomeCorticalProgesteroneEnzymes that help the spermUndergoTriggersMembraneIntracellularHuman spermatozoaGlycoproteinExocytosisFlow cytometryProteinEgg's toughPenetrationSemenInducesOvumSperm penetratesExtracellularMale infertilityPenetrateHoechstInductionSperm'sPercentageVitroMorphologyCalciumParametersTestis
Zona26
- As the sperm approaches the zona pellucida of the egg, which is necessary for initiating the acrosome reaction, the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane of the sperm's head, exposing the contents of the acrosome. (wikipedia.org)
- The acrosomal reaction does not begin until the sperm comes into contact with the oocyte's zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)
- Sperm that did not initiate the acrosome reaction prior to reaching to the zona pellucida are unable to penetrate the zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)
- Since the acrosome reaction has already occurred, sperm are then able to penetrate the zona pellucida due to mechanical action of the tail, not because of the acrosome reaction itself. (wikipedia.org)
- The acrosome reaction must occur before the sperm cell reaches the zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)
- The zona pellucida (ZP) is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the oocyte and is required to activate the acrosome reaction [1]. (who.int)
- The hyperactivation process is thought to be necessary for spermatozoa to penetrate the cumulus complex surrounding the ovulated egg, bind to the zona-intact egg, and undergo the acrosomal reaction. (fertilitypedia.org)
- Acrosome reaction of stallion spermatozoa evaluated with monoclonal antibody and zona-free hamster eggs. (newhopefertility.com)
- Then, the effects of azorellanone on sperm motility, viability, binding to the human zona pellucida, progesterone-induced acrosome reactions and increase in intracellular Ca 2- concentration, and trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like protease activities were evaluated. (uandes.cl)
- When the capacitated spermatozoon reaches the oocyte, firstly it attaches to the zona pellucida (a thick glycoprotein protecting coat around the oocyte), resulting to the acrosome reaction, the final step required for the spermatozoon's activation before the gamete fusion. (ivfserum.com)
- The reaction consists of the acrosomal enzymes' release and the creation of a pathway through the zona pellucida leading to the fusion of the gametes' plasma membranes. (ivfserum.com)
- Oocytes are activated by the binding of the zona pellucida glycoproteins on the capacitated sperm receptors ending up to the acrosome reaction. (ivfserum.com)
- [9] The sperm must undergo capacitation in the female's reproductive tract over several hours, which increases its motility and destabilizes its membrane, preparing it for the acrosome reaction, the enzymatic penetration of the egg's tough membrane, the zona pellucida , which surrounds the oocyte. (iiab.me)
- This binding triggers the acrosome to burst, releasing enzymes that help the sperm get through the zona pellucida. (iiab.me)
- Once the sperm cells find their way past the zona pellucida, the cortical reaction occurs. (iiab.me)
- These checkpoints are an inadequate zona pellucida (ZP) recognition, oocyte activation and acrosome reaction. (rroij.com)
- The sperm binds to the zona pellucida of the secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase of meiosis II and triggers the acrosome reaction, causing the release of acrosomal enzymes (e.g., acrosin). (epomedicine.com)
- Both binding and the acrosome reaction are mediated by the ligand ZP3, a zona protein. (epomedicine.com)
- That being said, I don't think that sperm cells can be used to do that because the acrosomal reactions that you discuss are only activated by the presence of the zona pelliculada of the egg cell. (stackexchange.com)
- The specificity of the acrosomal reactions to the zona pelliculada was the information I needed. (stackexchange.com)
- The second process is acrosome reaction (AR), a chemical action that involves releasing enzymes in the spermatozoa's head that further boost penetration of the zona pellucida. (ukrainiansurrogates.com)
- Sperm-egg binding is thought to induce the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm cell releases enzymes that degrade the zona pellucida and prepares the gamete cell membranes for fusion. (wylderjames.com)
- When a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions , take place. (umn.edu)
- Individual glycoproteins bind to the sperm heads and cause the acrosome and zona pellucida to fuse. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- The enzymes of the acrosome cause the zona pellucida to dissolve and allow the sperm to reach the plasma membrane below. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
- Polyspermy or fertilization by more than one sperm is prevented by a cortical reaction that releases enzymes that inactivate sperm receptors while hardening the zona pellucida. (pharmacy180.com)
Capacitation and acrosome reaction4
- Boue F, Blais J, Sullivan R. Surface localization of P34H an epididymal protein, during maturation, capacitation, and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. (medlineplus.gov)
- In conclusion, this study identified unprecedented alterations of the ECS in infertile sperm, that might impact on capacitation and acrosome reaction, and hence fertilization outcomes. (qub.ac.uk)
- The activation includes acquirement of final motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction. (ivfserum.com)
- It plays a role in epithelial integrity, showing that Zn is essential for maintaining the lining of the reproductive organs and may have a regulative role in the progress of capacitation and acrosome reaction. (jri.ir)
Oocyte7
- The cortical granules inside the oocyte then fuse to the outer membrane, and a quick fast block reaction occurs. (wikipedia.org)
- The acrosomal reaction usually takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube (site of fertilization) when the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
- The first stage is the penetration of corona radiata, by releasing hyaluronidase from the acrosome to digest cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte and exposing acrosin attached to the inner membrane of the sperm. (wikipedia.org)
- The spermatozoon induces channels on the oocyte plasma membrane in order the acrosome reaction to occur. (ivfserum.com)
- Since one of main problems during ICSI is a reduced oocyte activation and acrosome reaction due to an inadequate sperm selection, contact with HA before injection allows acrosome activity for fertilization. (rroij.com)
- The acrosome reaction involves the releases of enzymes that are critical in facilitating penetration and fertilization of an oocyte by sperm. (sciencetrends.com)
- However, PTX is reported to induce premature acrosome reaction (AR) and, exert toxic effects on oocyte function and early embryo development. (iith.ac.in)
Induce7
- Next, we used hamster and mouse models to investigate the localization of PLC zeta in non-capacitated and capacitated sperm and in sperm treated with ionophore to induce the acrosome reaction. (ox.ac.uk)
- To induce the acrosome reaction, three egg jelly components act in concert on the spermatozoa: a highly sulfated glycoprotein named acrosome reaction-inducing substance (ARIS), a group of sulfated steroidal saponins named Co-ARIS, and a group of glutamine-rich tetratriacontapeptides named sperm activating peptide (SAP). (elsevier.com)
- None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca 2+ or high pH sea water. (elsevier.com)
- The aim of the second experiment was to determine the amount of progesterone needed to induce an acrosome reaction. (uu.nl)
- In conclusion, progesterone appears not to be the relevant molecule to induce the acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. (uu.nl)
- AMPK has also been found localized at the acrosome (the head region) of human sperm and ROS and ionomycin induce the acrosome reaction in human sperm. (sciencetrends.com)
- We verify that in the concentrations previously proposed as effective in boar GO does not induce damage to the sperm nor does it influence the traditional functional parameters such as motility, mitochondrial function, tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction. (unite.it)
Fertilization15
- A sperm penetration assay includes an acrosome reaction test that assesses how well a sperm can perform during the fertilization process. (wikipedia.org)
- In other cases, such as in the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, premature acrosome reactions have been found to cause increased motility in aggregates of spermatozoa promoting fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
- The acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic process essential for mammalian fertilization. (biorxiv.org)
- We now know that in many animals including mammals the acrosome reaction is an essential, and probably the most central, change in spermatozoa for fertilization. (elsevier.com)
- Although high concentrations of the ROS cause sperm pathology (ATP depletion) leading to insufficient axonemal phosphorylation, lipid peroxidation, and loss of motility and viability but, many evidences demonstrate that low and controlled concentrations of these ROS play an important role in sperm physiological processes such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, and signaling processes to ensure fertilization. (hindawi.com)
- This quality is essential in the very beginning of the fertilization when the acrosomal reaction happens. (fertilitypedia.org)
- As a population, sperm cells have on average 50% genome similarity so the premature acrosomal reactions aid fertilization by a member of the same cohort. (iiab.me)
- Only sperm with adequate epididymis maturation, capacitation, and intact acrosome and hyaluronidase activity will attach to HA, increasing fertilization rates. (rroij.com)
- Calpain influences the process of spermatogenesis and the events preceding fertilization, such as the acrosome reaction. (huabio.com)
- Without the cooperation of this receptor and the ECS, this reaction would not occur, and fertilization would be impossible. (inthenowmag.com)
- During the process of fertilization, a series of reactions triggers the fusion of gametes to produce a diploid cell called a zygote. (wylderjames.com)
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Plasma membrane2
- The acrosome reaction consists in the fusion of the sperm plasma membrane with the external acrosomal membrane. (femmhealth.org)
- In placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in Figure 1b . (umn.edu)
Viability5
- Simultaneous staining for viability (Hoechst 33258), acrosome integrity (PNA-AlexaFluor™647), membrane fluidity (merocyanine 540) was evaluated by flow cytometry after 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes of incubation of the equine spermatozoa in the first experiment and after 30, 60 and 120 minutes in the second experiment. (uu.nl)
- All the diluted semen samples were stored at 18 °C and were examined for progressive motility, viability, acrosome integrity, pH and osmolarity on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 after storage. (agriculturejournals.cz)
- For evaluating their effects, number, viability and acrosome reaction of sperm swim-up seperated from semen, which were incubated for 30 minutes at 36 $^{circ}C$ in the M2 solution containing P4 and BSA, were investigated. (e-jarb.org)
- Progesterone affected the recovery rate, the viability and the acrosome-reaction rate of sperm recovered from washed frozen-semen. (e-jarb.org)
- We've found evidence that GIV may perform different roles in the capacitation of sperm, findings that shed new light on both how defective GIV-signaling might be used as a potential marker for male infertility and how inhibitors of GIV-dependent signaling inhibit fertility by reducing sperm motility and viability and by promoting premature acrosome reaction. (ukrainiansurrogates.com)
Premature1
- Premature warming causes acrosome reactions, decreased motility, shorter shelf-life and decreased fertility. (swinevetcenter.com)
Motility and acrosome1
- In other mammalian species, but the horse, sperm incubated in a medium with the three main components showed capacitation-related characteristics as high membrane fluidity, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction. (uu.nl)
Cortical1
- The cortical reaction and acrosome reaction are both essential to ensure that only one sperm will fertilize an egg. (iiab.me)
Progesterone5
- The progesterone-induced acrosome reaction was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the newly identified inhibitor, which provides further support for the key-role of ABHD2 in the P4-stimulated acrosome reaction. (univaq.it)
- We investigated whether bicarbonate (HCO3-), extracellular calcium and progesterone modulate membrane fluidity and acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. (uu.nl)
- Spermatozoa incubated with oestradiol and oestradiol plus progesterone showed the lowest percentage of acrosome reaction. (femmhealth.org)
- The present study demonstrates the inhibitory role of oestradiol on the acrosome reaction, stimulated by progesterone in human spermatozoa under physiological conditions. (femmhealth.org)
- The acrosome reaction of caprine and porcine spermatozoa is activated by the non-genomic action of progesterone. (oregonstate.edu)
Enzymes that help the sperm1
- The part of the head called the acrosome produces enzymes that help the sperm head penetrate an egg. (dualjuridik.org)
Undergo2
- Starfish spermatozoa undergo the acrosome reaction upon encountering the jelly coat consisting of glycoproteins, steroid saponins oligopeptides and inorganic components. (elsevier.com)
- In both forms of male infertility the ability to undergo an acrosome reaction decreases. (cdc.gov)
Triggers1
- There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with the egg. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane4
- During the process the membrane becomes able to fuse with the ovum and fulfil the acrosome reaction. (cryosinternational.com)
- have demonstrated that sperm exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions leads to water influx into the cytoplasm, an expanding sperm volume which stretches the sperm membrane, resulting in opening osmosensitive calcium channels and calcium influx within the sperm's cytoplasm following induction of an acrosome reaction ( 10 , 11 ). (ijfs.ir)
- To ensure that no more than one sperm fertilizes the egg, once the acrosomal reactions take place at one location of the egg membrane, the egg releases proteins in other locations to prevent other sperm from fusing with the egg. (umn.edu)
- These reactions affect the proteins in the sperm, which ultimately bind to the receptors on the egg cell's cell membrane using the lock and key principle. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
Intracellular1
- This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of many extracellular signals. (utsouthwestern.edu)
Human spermatozoa2
- Physiological Action of Oestradiol on the Acrosome Reaction in Human Spermatozoa. (femmhealth.org)
- The objective of the present study was to analyse the influence of oestradiol on the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa to evaluate the possible inhibitory effect of this hormone. (femmhealth.org)
Glycoprotein1
- (b) Acrosomal reactions help the sperm degrade the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allow the sperm to transfer its nucleus. (umn.edu)
Exocytosis2
- The binding of Man,Flu-BSA results in a time-dependent receptor aggregation and the induction of acrosome exocytosis in capacitated sperm populations from fertile donors. (jnephrol.com)
- alpha-SNAP prevents docking of the acrosome during sperm exocytosis because it sequesters monomeric syntaxin. (bio-protocol.org)
Flow cytometry1
- The acrosome reaction was evaluated using flow cytometry. (nih.gov)
Protein2
- We previously demonstrated the presence of active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in sperm, its possible transactivation by direct activation of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), and its involvement in sperm capacitation and in the acrosome reaction (AR). (bgu.ac.il)
- The mild adaptive protein is the PMS2 ability of phosphatidylinositol against containing reactions, a immunological cleft NTS caused by the machinery and fusion of cross-links and the domain of convex ones. (erik-mill.de)
Egg's tough1
- the resulting acrosome reaction breaks down the egg's tough coating so that the sperm can fertilize the ovum. (invitro-test.com)
Penetration1
- Some sperm cells consume their acrosome prematurely on the surface of the egg cell, facilitating the penetration by other sperm cells. (iiab.me)
Semen1
- The use of liposomes and liposome-trehalose did not affect on the functional status and nuclear chromatin of the equine sperm after freezing, but it did affect the percentage of capacitated sperm without acrosome reaction after selecting the thawed semen using the Percoll® gradient. (uach.cl)
Induces1
- Although a combination of ARIS and either Co-ARIS or SAP induces the acrosome reaction in normal sea water, all three are required to mimic the full activity of dissolved jelly coat. (elsevier.com)
Ovum1
- Sperm cells have tiny bags of enzymes on their tip (the acrosome) which allow them to penetrate the ovum. (stackexchange.com)
Sperm penetrates1
- The acrosome contains a variety of enzymes which are required to carry out what is known as the 'acrosome reaction', where the sperm penetrates and fuses with the female egg. (completeanatomy.cn)
Extracellular1
- These data support a role for extracellular zinc, acting through the ZnR, in regulating multiple signaling pathways in sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. (bgu.ac.il)
Male infertility1
- Bi-allelic variants in KCNU1 cause impaired acrosome reactions and male infertility. (amedeo.com)
Penetrate1
- Therefore, when chlamydia affects acrosomal reaction capacity, the sperm can no longer penetrate the egg coat smoothly, leading to infertility. (semichealth.com)
Hoechst1
- The acrosome reaction was evaluated by stain with Hoechst 33258 and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin lectin. (femmhealth.org)
Induction1
- In humans induction of acrosome reaction is mediated by ADAM and B4GALT1 binding to ZP3 and ZP4. (reactome.org)
Sperm's1
- The acrosome is a cap-like structure over the anterior half of the sperm's head. (wikipedia.org)
Percentage1
- Significant reduction in sperm head area (9.2 ± 0.7 μm² vs. 18.8 ± 1.4 μm²) and acrosome percentage of the head area (21.5 ± 4% vs. 35.5 ± 11.4%) was reported among exposed sperm compared with unexposed controls. (nih.gov)
Vitro3
- In vitro, inside the culture dish, once the spermatozoa are capacitated the acrosome reaction lasts 2-15minutes. (ivfserum.com)
- Mutant males show exhibit sperm with a reduced acrosome reaction rate and fertilizing capacity in vitro and decreased fertility in vivo. (utsouthwestern.edu)
- El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la exposición a A. oncocalyx y onco A durante la maduración in vitro (IVM) de los ovocitos (Experimento 1) o el cultivo de embriones in vitro (IVC) (Experimento 2) en la competencia del desarrollo de los ovocitos. (una.py)
Morphology1
- There are considerable species variations in the morphology and consequences of the acrosome reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium1
- As a result, the level of energy in the sperm cells increases, thus raising the movement of calcium in the cell, and triggering an acrosome reaction too early. (altesrathaus.org)
Parameters1
- chlamydia infection impairs sperm parameters and acrosome reaction capacity. (semichealth.com)
Testis1
- Different transcript variants encoding four predicted isoforms were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in bull testis, spermatocytes and spermatids. (ulaval.ca)