Acrosome reaction. Medical search

Changes that occur to liberate the enzymes of the ACROSOME of a sperm (SPERMATOZOA). Acrosome reaction allows the sperm to penetrate the ZONA PELLUCIDA and enter the OVUM during FERTILIZATION.

The cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of SPERM HEAD. Acrosome, derived from LYSOSOMES, is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the required hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes necessary for sperm penetration of the egg in FERTILIZATION.

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

The structural and functional changes by which SPERMATOZOA become capable of oocyte FERTILIZATION. It normally requires exposing the sperm to the female genital tract for a period of time to bring about increased SPERM MOTILITY and the ACROSOME REACTION before fertilization in the FALLOPIAN TUBES can take place.

A tough transparent membrane surrounding the OVUM. It is penetrated by the sperm during FERTILIZATION.

Interactive processes between the oocyte (OVUM) and the sperm (SPERMATOZOA) including sperm adhesion, ACROSOME REACTION, sperm penetration of the ZONA PELLUCIDA, and events leading to FERTILIZATION.

Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression.

A trypsin-like enzyme of spermatozoa which is not inhibited by alpha 1 antitrypsin.

The anterior portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that contains mainly the nucleus with highly compact CHROMATIN material.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

Proteins which are found in eggs (OVA) from any species.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

Lectin purified from peanuts (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA). It binds to poorly differentiated cells and terminally differentiated cells and is used in cell separation techniques.

The plasma membrane of the egg.

A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.

Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are useful models for studying FERTILIZATION and EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT.

A genus of STARFISH in the family Asteriidae. One species, Asterias rubens, is the most common in the north-east Atlantic region.

The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.

A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary SPERMATOCYTES. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to SPERMATOZOA.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

The process by which semen is kept viable outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Amidines substituted with a benzene group. Benzamidine and its derivatives are known as peptidase inhibitors.

The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.

The posterior filiform portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that provides sperm motility.

The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.

Proteins found in SEMEN. Major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex accessory glands, such as the SEMINAL VESICLES and the PROSTATE. They include the seminal vesicle-specific antigen, an ejaculate clotting protein; and the PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, a protease and an esterase.

The most abundant member of the RAB3 GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is involved in calcium-dependent EXOCYTOSIS and is localized to neurons and neuroendocrine cells. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to CALCIUM ions.

A species of the true toads, Bufonidae, found in South America.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

The maturing process of SPERMATOZOA after leaving the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. Maturation in SPERM MOTILITY and FERTILITY takes place in the EPIDIDYMIS as the sperm migrate from caput epididymis to cauda epididymis.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.

A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Echinoderms having bodies of usually five radially disposed arms coalescing at the center.

A slightly alkaline secretion of the endocervical glands. The consistency and amount are dependent on the physiological hormone changes in the menstrual cycle. It contains the glycoprotein mucin, amino acids, sugar, enzymes, and electrolytes, with a water content up to 90%. The mucus is a useful protection against the ascent of bacteria and sperm into the uterus. (From Dictionary of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1988)

Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.

The middle piece of the spermatozoon is a highly organized segment consisting of MITOCHONDRIA, the outer dense fibers and the core microtubular structure.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

Agglutination of spermatozoa by antibodies or autoantibodies.

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.

The quality of SEMEN, an indicator of male fertility, can be determined by semen volume, pH, sperm concentration (SPERM COUNT), total sperm number, sperm viability, sperm vigor (SPERM MOTILITY), normal sperm morphology, ACROSOME integrity, and the concentration of WHITE BLOOD CELLS.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes.

A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.

Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the Old World MICE and RATS.

An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.

The emission of SEMEN to the exterior, resulting from the contraction of muscles surrounding the male internal urogenital ducts.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (From Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2d ed; From Principles of Biochemistry, 2d ed)

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

Passive or active movement of SPERMATOZOA from the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES through the male reproductive tract as well as within the female reproductive tract.

The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is structurally defined by the presence of an N-terminal pleckstrin-homology and EF-hand domains, a central catalytic domain, and a C-terminal calcium-dependent membrane-binding domain.

A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Liquid components of living organisms.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Changes in hyaluronidase, acrosin, and N-acetylhexosaminidase activities of dog sperm after incubation. (1/514)

Hyaluronidase, acrosin and N-acetylhexosaminidase activities were examined in sperm collected from 12 beagle dogs and in culture medium after 0.5 hr and 7 hr of sperm incubation. The activities of the three enzymes were significantly higher at 7 hr than at 0.5 hr (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the increases were associated with sperm capacitation. It was considered that the three enzymes in the dog sperm are related to fertilization by reason of the findings of the release of these enzymes from the sperm into the medium after 7 hr of incubation. (+info)

Voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and the acrosome reaction: which channels are present and what do they do? (2/514)

Evidence from pharmacological studies suggests that induction of the acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa by solubilized zona pellucida, and possibly by progesterone, is dependent upon Ca2+ influx through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Studies on Ca2+ accumulation and membrane potential in ligand-stimulated or artificially depolarized spermatozoa support such a conclusion. Electrophysiological studies on rodent spermatogenic cells have revealed the presence of a 'T' type voltage-operated Ca2+ current. This current has pharmacological attributes consistent with those of the putative channel responsible for Ca2+ influx mediating the acrosome reaction. However, use of molecular techniques to study human and rodent testis and spermatogenic cells has detected the presence of three different voltage-operated Ca2+ channel subunits. One of these (alpha lE) may generate T-currents, though this is currently disputed. Voltage-operated Ca2+ channel structure and the relationship between channel subunit expression and the characteristics of consequent Ca2+ currents is briefly reviewed. The nature and function of T-channel-mediated Ca2+ influx is examined in the context of the time-course of ligand- and depolarization-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in mammalian spermatozoa. It is likely that a secondary Ca2+ response (mobilization of stored Ca2+ or activation of a second Ca(2+)-influx pathway) is required for the acrosome reaction. Evidence for the existence and participation of various candidates is discussed (including voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, which may be functionally expressed only in mature spermatozoa), the available evidence favouring a secondary Ca(2+)-influx pathway. Immediate priorities for future research in this area are proposed. (+info)

Ion channels in sperm physiology. (3/514)

Fertilization is a matter of life or death. In animals of sexual reproduction, the appropriate communication between mature and competent male and female gametes determines the generation of a new individual. Ion channels are key elements in the dialogue between sperm, its environment, and the egg. Components from the outer layer of the egg induce ion permeability changes in sperm that regulate sperm motility, chemotaxis, and the acrosome reaction. Sperm are tiny differentiated terminal cells unable to synthesize protein and difficult to study electrophysiologically. Thus understanding how sperm ion channels participate in fertilization requires combining planar bilayer techniques, in vivo measurements of membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and intracellular pH using fluorescent probes, patch-clamp recordings, and molecular cloning and heterologous expression. Spermatogenic cells are larger than sperm and synthesize the ion channels that will end up in mature sperm. Correlating the presence and cellular distribution of various ion channels with their functional status at different stages of spermatogenesis is contributing to understand their participation in differentiation and in sperm physiology. The multi-faceted approach being used to unravel sperm ion channel function and regulation is yielding valuable information about the finely orchestrated events that lead to sperm activation, induction of the acrosome reaction, and in the end to the miracle of life. (+info)

Detection of partial and complete acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: which inducers and probes to use? (4/514)

The acrosome reaction (AR), an essential step for achieving mammalian fertilization, was recently introduced as a means of clinical evaluation of male fertility. However, most of the available techniques for acrosomal status assessment (except those employing electron microscopy) do not define whether the measurements represent partial or complete AR. We, therefore, performed a crossover investigation of the types of inducers and probes required for detecting partial or complete AR in human spermatozoa. The acrosomal status before and after stimulation with four AR inducers was evaluated after incubation for 3 h in capacitating conditions. We used a fluorescence-activated cell sorter with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibody CD46 (FITC-CD46) targeting the inner acrosomal membrane for detecting a complete AR, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) targeting the acrosomal content for detection of both partial and complete AR. Without stimulation or following stimulation with progesterone, follicular fluid (FF) or phorbol myristate ester (PMA), the AR could be detected with FITC-PSA but not with FITC-CD46. Following stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187, the AR could be detected by both FITC-PSA and FITC-CD46. These results suggest that spontaneous AR as well as AR induced by progesterone, PMA and FF are partial. In contrast, the AR induced by A23187 is total, i.e. both partial and complete. These findings are valuable for both research and clinical purposes and are a step towards an international agreement on a standard test for human sperm AR, for which there is an urgent need. (+info)

Synthesis, characterization and preclinical formulation of a dual-action phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) with potent anti-HIV and spermicidal activities. (5/514)

In a systematic effort to develop a microbicide contraceptive capable of preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as providing fertility control, we have previously identified novel phenyl phosphate derivatives of zidovudine (ZDV) with 5-halo 6-alkoxy substitutions in the thymine ring and halo substitution in the phenyl moiety respectively. Here, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and successful preclinical formulation of our lead compound, 5-bromo-6-methoxy-3'-azidothymidine-5'-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), which exhibits potent anti-HIV and sperm immobilizing activities. The anti-HIV activity of WHI-07 was tested by measuring viral p24 antigen production and reverse transcriptase activity as markers of viral replication in HIV-1 infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). WHI-07 inhibited replication of HIV in a concentration-dependent fashion with nanomolar IC50 values. The effects of WHI-07 on human sperm motion kinematics were analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and its effects on sperm membrane integrity were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and high-resolution low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (HR-LVSEM). WHI-07 caused cessation of sperm motility in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The in-vitro cytotoxicities of WHI-07 and nonoxynol-9 (N-9) were compared using normal human ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cells by the MTT cell viability assay. Unlike N-9, WHI-07 had no effect upon sperm plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. N-9 was cytotoxic to normal human ectocervical and endocervical cells at spermicidal doses, whereas WHI-07 was selectively spermicidal. The in-vivo vaginal absorption and vaginal toxicity of 2% gel-microemulsion of WHI-07 was studied in the rabbit model. The sperm immobilizing activity of WHI-07 was 18-fold more potent than that of N-9. Over a 10 day period, there was no irritation or local toxicity to the vaginal epithelia or systemic absorption of WHI-07. Therefore, as a potent anti-HIV agent with spermicidal activity, and lack of mucosal toxicity, WHI-07 may have the clinical potential to become the active ingredient of a vaginal contraceptive for women who are at high risk for acquiring HIV by heterosexual vaginal transmission. (+info)

Progesterone promotes the acrosome reaction in capacitated human spermatozoa as judged by flow cytometry and CD46 staining. (6/514)

The acrosome reaction is a necessary prerequisite for spermatozoa to acquire fertilizing ability. Several different moieties appear to promote the acrosome reaction through different pathways, including solubilized zona pellucidae, recombinant zona protein ZP3, follicular fluid, calcium ionophores, and mannosylated bovine serum albumin (BSA). Although many investigators have presented evidence that progesterone also promotes the acrosome reaction through the mediation of a non-genomic cell membrane receptor, this concept has been challenged. Other workers have suggested that progesterone does not promote an acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa, as judged by the detection of CD46, a complement regulatory protein present on the inner acrosome membrane, through flow cytometric analysis of large numbers of spermatozoa. Prior investigations were criticized by the limited numbers of spermatozoa enumerated visually, the use of non-specific staining techniques, and the failure to eliminate dead spermatozoa during the scoring of the acrosome reaction. We have repeated these experiments, using both a supravital dye to eliminate dead spermatozoa from flow cytometric analysis, and anti-CD46 monoclonal antibody to score acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Care was taken to validate the adequacy of capacitation conditions, which were proven by the ability of spermatozoa to acrosome react in response to mannosylated BSA and to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs. Confocal microscopy was used to confirm that CD46 immunostaining was limited to the acrosomal region of the spermatozoon head. Our results indicate that progesterone does promote an acrosome reaction within capacitated spermatozoa. (+info)

Characterization of human zona pellucida glycoproteins. (7/514)

The human egg may only be fertilized by one spermatozoon to prevent polyploidy. In most mammals, the primary block to polyspermy occurs at the zona pellucida (ZP). Little is known of the human ZP and the changes occurring following fertilization to prevent polyploidy. Using antibodies directed against synthetic peptides predicted from the human ZP2 and ZP3 cDNA, we identified ZP3 as a 53-60 kDa glycoprotein and ZP2 as a 90-110 kDa glycoprotein in prophase-I oocytes. Characterization of the ZP from metaphase II arrested eggs (inseminated-unfertilized and fertilized-uncleaved), shows no visible modification of ZP3, but demonstrates that ZP2 undergoes limited proteolysis in the amino terminal domain, to a 60-73 kDa species, denoted ZP2p, which remains linked to the proteolysed fragments by intramolecular disulphide bonds. A lack of ZP2 proteolytic activity in acrosomal supernatants is consistent with an oocyte origin for the protease. The ZP2-specific protease may be released during cortical granule exocytosis which occurs during meiotic maturation and following sperm-egg fusion as part of the block to polyspermy. Since mouse ZP2 acts as a secondary sperm receptor, it is possible that intact ZP2 binds a secondary egg binding protein, whereas cleaved ZP2 does not, suggesting a possible mechanism for the block to polyspermy. (+info)

Identification of Rab3A GTPase as an acrosome-associated small GTP-binding protein in rat sperm. (8/514)

The acrosome reaction is a membrane fusion event that is prerequisite for sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in membrane fusion, the expression and localization of Rab proteins, a subfamily of small GTPases that have been shown to play key roles in regulation of intracellular membrane traffic and exocytosis, were examined in rat testis and sperm. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot analysis, and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that Rab3A protein, which is thought to be involved in regulation of exocytosis in neurons and endocrine cells, is associated with the sperm acrosome. The protein was undetectable in acrosome-free heads prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Immunogold electron microscopy performed on ultrathin cryosections provided further evidence that Rab3A protein is associated with the acrosomal membrane. Acrosome reaction assays revealed that synthetic peptide of the Rab3 effector domain inhibited acrosomal exocytosis triggered by calcium ionophore A23187 in a concentration-dependent fashion, suggesting that Rab3A acts as an inhibitory regulator in the acrosome reaction. In view of the putative role of Rab3A protein in membrane fusion systems, these results suggest that Rab3A could be involved in regulating the mammalian acrosome reaction by controlling the membrane fusion system in sperm. (+info)

Sperm guidance Acrosome reaction Oocyte Wessel, GM; Brooks, JM; Green, E; Haley, S; Voronina, E; Wong, J; Zaydfudim, V; Conner ... "Egg-jelly signal molecules for triggering the acrosome reaction in starfish spermatozoa". The International Journal of ... The sulfated fucan glycoproteins play an important role in binding to sperm receptors and triggering the acrosomal reaction. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_jelly

To have the ability to fertilize the female gamete, this cell suffers capacitation and acrosome reaction in female reproductive ... This hormone activates AKT that leads to activation of other protein kinases, involved in capacitation and acrosome reaction. ... Gupta, SK; Bhandari, B (January 2011). "Acrosome reaction: relevance of zona pellucida glycoproteins". Asian Journal of ... The basic unit of the Reactome database is a reaction; reactions are then grouped into causal chains to form pathways The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

Cortical reaction Acrosome reaction Johnson MH (2007). Essential reproduction (6th ed.). Malden Massachusetts: Blackwell ... Lu HY, Lu JC, Hu YA, Wang YM, Huang YF (2002). "[Detection of human sperm morphology and acrosome reaction with Coomassie ... Ozaki T, Takahashi K, Kanasaki H, Miyazaki K (2002). "Evaluation of acrosome reaction and viability of human sperm with two ... These media can be supplemented with other chemicals to induce hyperactivated sperm motility and/or the acrosome reaction. For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitation

This is because the acrosome reaction has to take place and thousands of sperm cells have to be involved in IVF. Once ... With this method, the acrosome reaction is skipped. There are several differences between classic IVF and ICSI. However, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection

This test evaluates the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. However, the incidence of acrosome reaction in freely swimming ... "Acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa in zona-free hamster egg penetration test". Fertility and Sterility. 50 (6): 954-9. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamster_zona-free_ovum_test

"Synaptotagmin VI participates in the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa". Developmental Biology. 235 (2): 521-9. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYT6

The second process in sperm activation is the acrosome reaction. This involves releasing the contents of the acrosome, which ... As the spermatozoon approaches the egg, it undergoes the acrosome reaction in which the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses ... There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with ... Above the nucleus lies a cap-like structure called the acrosome, formed by modification of the Golgi body, which secretes the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon

ZP3 is then involved in the induction of the acrosome reaction, whereby a spermatozoon releases the contents of the acrosomal ... This structure binds spermatozoa, and is required to initiate the acrosome reaction. In the mouse (the best characterised ... They bind to capacitated spermatozoa and induce the acrosome reaction. Successful fertilization depends on the ability of sperm ... and enable the acrosome reaction for the successful adhesion and penetration by the sperm cell. Also allows correct embryo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pellucida

... is released from the acrosome of spermatozoa as a consequence of the acrosome reaction. It aids in the penetration of ... Upon stimulus, the acrosome releases its contents onto the zona pellucida. After this reaction occurs, the zymogen form of the ... Thus, some argue for its role in assisting in the dispersal of acrosomal contents following the acrosome reaction, while others ... The importance of acrosin in the acrosome reaction has been contested. It has been found through genetic knockout experiments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosin

... F is thereby important to prevent a premature acrosome reaction. Found in Cumulus Oophorus, stimulates binding of ... thereby inhibiting acrosome reaction and sperm-egg binding. Upon de-glycosilation, glycodelin F dissociates from the sperm and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycodelin

... and Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation on Capacitation and the Spontaneous Acrosome Reaction of Hamster Sperm". Biology of ... "Analysis of CAPZA3 localization reveals temporally discrete events during the acrosome reaction". Journal of Cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Visconti

1995). "Human SP-10: acrosomal distribution, processing, and fate after the acrosome reaction". Biol. Reprod. 51 (6): 1222-31. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACRV1

Acrosome reaction, cortical reaction and sperm-egg fusion". Zoomorphology. 108 (4): 229-243. doi:10.1007/BF00312223. ISSN 0720- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Holland

"Sequence of a rabbit sperm zona pellucida binding protein and localization during the acrosome reaction". Dev. Biol. 165 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPA17

After the acrosome reaction, the sperm is believed to remain bound to the zona pellucida through exposed ZP2 receptors. These ... Additionally, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are released near the oocyte that promote the acrosome reaction. Fusion ... the binding of the spermatozoon to the GalT initiates the acrosome reaction. This process releases the hyaluronidase that ... "Glycosaminoglycans in Ewe Reproductive Tracts and Their Influence on Acrosome Reactions in Bovine Spermatozoa in Vitro". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisation

Acrosome reaction Qi H, Moran MM, Navarro B, Chong JA, Krapivinsky G, Krapivinsky L, et al. (January 2007). "All four CatSper ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation_channels_of_sperm

May 2010). "Group X phospholipase A2 is released during sperm acrosome reaction and controls fertility outcome in mice". The ... Increase in phospholipase A2 activity is an acute-phase reaction that rises during inflammation, which is also seen to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_A2

... sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in the excised reproductive tract of hamsters". Theriogenology. 44 (4): 599-608. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardul_Singh_Guraya

Heavy metal chelators prolong motility and viability of sea urchin sperm by inhibiting spontaneous acrosome reactions. J. Exp. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_H._Johnson

Normally, spermatozoa fuse with the zona pellucida surrounding the mature oocyte; the resulting acrosome reaction breaks down ... In order to provide protection and immunity for both the mother and her fetus without developing rejection reactions, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_immunology

2007). "Inhibition of mouse acrosome reaction and sperm-zona pellucida binding by anti-human sperm membrane protein 1 antibody ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm-associated_antigen_8

"Effects of Native Human Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins 3 and 4 on Acrosome Reaction and Zona Pellucida Binding of Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialyl-Lewis_X

It may function as a regulator of both motility- and head-associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKAP3

2007). "Acrosome reaction induced by recombinant human zona pellucida 3 peptides rhuZP3a22 approximately 176 and rhuZP3b177 ... 2008). "Effects of native human zona pellucida glycoproteins 3 and 4 on acrosome reaction and zona pellucida binding of human ... gene is a major structural component of the ZP and functions in primary binding and stimulation of the sperm acrosome reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZP3

... antibody for the combined assessment of human sperm acrosome integrity and ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction". PLOS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDAC2

... plays a role in stimulation of capacitation and inhibition of the spontaneous acrosome reaction". Molecular Reproduction and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP11

... could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap-like structure on the head of the cell releases ... Capacitation Acrosome reaction v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles needing ... Some definitions consider sperm activation to consist of these two processes of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperactivation

Studies in mice have shown that DHA is essential for acrosome reaction and a DHA deficiency results in abnormal sperm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenozoospermia

As sperm undergoes biological changes including capacitation, acrosome reaction, zona binding, and sperm-egg fusion, the set of ... inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired ... However, only Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction (MAR) test and Immunobead Test (IBT) are currently being recommended by the WHO for ... Krause, Walter K.H. (2017). Immune infertility: impact of immune reactions on human fertility (2 ed.). Springer Verlag. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisperm_antibodies

... has not been reported to have any effect on the acrosome reaction on its own, but it is able to block the ... capacitation and the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. "Steroidal Alkaloids". Pharmacognosy , Plants , herbal , herb , ... progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. Moreover, veratridine has the effect of turning the membrane potential to a more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veratridine

This fusion allows the joining of two distinct structures as in the acrosome reaction during fertilization of an egg by a sperm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer

... proper shaping of sperm head and acrosome within the testis and possibly has an additional role in the sperm acrosome reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FYN

Risks associated with HSG are rare and include exposure to radiation, infection, allergic reactions to the contrast dye or ... Semen can be tested for sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology, pH, volume, fructose content, and acrosome activity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_testing

... and/or the acrosome reaction. Mutations in the ADCY10 gene are associated with an increased risk of adsorptive hypercalciuria. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADCY10

The cup part is made up of acrosomes and nucleus, while the handle is made up by the tails. The spermatozoa in the package are ... Thus, they rely on R. pachyptila for the assimilation of nutrients needed for the array of metabolic reactions they employ and ... The male's spermatozoa are thread-shaped and are composed of three distinct regions: the acrosome (6 μm), the nucleus (26 μm) ... During the chemosynthesis, the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanase catalyzes the disproportionation reaction of the thiosulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riftia_pachyptila

This shedding of the acrosome, or acrosome reaction, can be stimulated in vitro by substances a sperm cell may encounter ... This can be done to serve as a positive control when assessing the acrosome reaction of a sperm sample by flow cytometry or ... "Comparative flow cytometric analysis of the human sperm acrosome reaction using CD46 antibody and lectins". J. Assist. Reprod. ... The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior (front) half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosome

Peroxisomes are one form of vacuole found in the cell that contain by-products of chemical reactions within the cell. Most ... acrosomes, melanosomes, and chromaffin granules). Different types of biological membranes have diverse lipid and protein ... These membrane proteins have various functions and characteristics and catalyze different chemical reactions. Integral proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_membrane

... the membranes of spermatozoa from the damaging effects of lipid peroxidation and/or preventing premature acrosome reaction. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPX5

... light reactions - limbic system - limnology - Lineweaver-Burke-diagram - lipase - lipid - liver - locus - long-term ... acrosome - actin - action potential - active site - adaptive radiation - address-message concept - adenosine 5'-triphosphate - ... condensation reaction - conidium - cork cambium - corpus luteum cortex - cotransport - cotyledons - covalent bond - crossing ... redox reaction - redox system - reduction - reflex - Renal corpuscle - repeats - replication bubble - repressor - reproduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biology_articles

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction studies have shown expression of the a4 subunit in the intercalated cell of the ... V-ATPases in the acrosomal membrane of sperm acidify the acrosome. This acidification activates proteases required to drill ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-ATPase

... more layers of cumulus oophorus cells accumulate around the oocyte to aid in the acrosome reaction and sperm penetration into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulus_oophorus

... reaction and do not catalyze further reactions post-cleavage. Examples include cleavage of the Asp-Pro bond in a subset of von ... and binding activity of zonadhesin suggest a function in sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida during exocytosis of the acrosome ... Autoproteolysis takes place in some proteins, whereby the peptide bond is cleaved in a self-catalyzed intramolecular reaction. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis

Acrosome reaction - The analogous reaction in the acrosome of the sperm Haley SA, Wessel GM. Sea urchin cortical granules ... The cortical reaction within the egg is analogous to the acrosomal reaction within the sperm, where the acrosome, a specialized ... The cortical reaction is a process initiated during fertilization that prevents polyspermy, the fusion of multiple sperm with ... This modification of the zona pellucida is known as the zona reaction. Although highly conserved across the animal kingdom, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_reaction

In mammalian fertilization, hyaluronidase is released by the acrosome of the sperm cell after it has reached the oocyte, by ... a scheme based on the enzyme reaction products. The three main types of hyaluronidases are two classes of eukaryotic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaluronidase

... inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_infertility

Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction, which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome ... the acrosome reaction releases hyaluronidase and acrosin; their role in fertilization is not yet clear. The acrosomal reaction ... which is necessary for initiating the acrosome reaction, the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane ... Since the acrosome reaction has already occurred, sperm are then able to penetrate the zona pellucida due to mechanical action ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosome_reaction

The acrosome reaction was evaluated using flow cytometry. The radiation did not affect sperm propensity for the acrosome ... The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding of human ... This study concludes that although RF-EMF exposure did not adversely affect the acrosome reaction, it had a significant effect ... 18.8 ± 1.4 μm²) and acrosome percentage of the head area (21.5 ± 4% vs. 35.5 ± 11.4%) was reported among exposed sperm compared ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20236367/?dopt=Abstract

The acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic process essential for mammalian fertilization. It involves diverse biochemical and ... Discrete dynamic model of the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: the influence of acrosomal pH and biochemical heterogeneity. ... Discrete dynamic model of the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: the influence of acrosomal pH and biochemical heterogeneity ... Discrete dynamic model of the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: the influence of acrosomal pH and biochemical heterogeneity ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.03.07.434290v1

... of PLC zeta in non-capacitated and capacitated sperm and in sperm treated with ionophore to induce the acrosome reaction. ... localized to acrosomal and post-acrosomal regions and undergoes dynamic changes during capacitation and the acrosome reaction, ... Acrosome, Acrosome Reaction, Animals, Blotting, Northern, Cloning, Molecular, Cricetinae, DNA Primers, Immunoblotting, Male, ... C zeta undergoes dynamic changes in its pattern of localization in sperm during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/185349

None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca2+ or high pH ... None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca2+ or high pH ... None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca2+ or high pH ... None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca2+ or high pH ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/egg-jelly-signal-molecules-for-triggering-the-acrosome-reaction-i

Thus, NPs effects on the three parts of sperm: the acrosome, which is responsible for the acrosome reaction; the equatorial ... The study by Makhluf et al. only explored the acrosome reaction, so although some indication of fertilization capability of ... the acrosome reaction; penetration of the zona pellucida; sperm-oocyte membrane binding; egg activation and the cortical ... In addition, sperm cells exposed to Fe3O4-PVA for 4 h, A23187 (Ca2+ ionophore), and EGF show a normal acrosomal reaction, ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/761884_2

... Baggelaar MP;den Dulk H;Florea BI; ... The progesterone-induced acrosome reaction was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the newly identified inhibitor, which ... The progesterone-induced acrosome reaction was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the newly identified inhibitor, which ... provides further support for the key-role of ABHD2 in the P4-stimulated acrosome reaction. On this basis, the ABHD2 inhibitor ...

https://ricerca.univaq.it/handle/11697/155754

These Ca2+ and K+ channels are involved in early events of acrosome reactions. Ca2+ channel are susceptible to Cd2+ poisoning ... In both forms of male infertility the ability to undergo an acrosome reaction decreases. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain ... acrosome reaction; cadmium; ion channels; lead; male infertility ... reaction assays for Ca2+ and K+ channel isoforms may identify ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=aerosol+or+aerosols&f1=TI&s2=&PageNo=202&RecNo=2016&View=f&

The acrosome is a secretory vesicle located in the sperm head. The acrosome reaction consists in the fusion of the sperm plasma ... The objective of the present study was to analyse the influence of oestradiol on the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa to ... Physiological Action of Oestradiol on the Acrosome Reaction in Human Spermatozoa. [Andrologia, 40, 146-151] Author: Vigil, P., ... Toro, A., & Godoy, A. (2007) Abstract The acrosome is a secretory vesicle located in the sperm head. The acrosome reaction ...

https://femmhealth.org/uncategorized/physiological-action-of-oestradiol-on-the-acrosome-reaction-in-human-spermatozoa-andrologia-40-146-151/

The aim of the second experiment was to determine the amount of progesterone needed to induce an acrosome reaction. However, in ... hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction. We investigated whether bicarbonate (HCO3-), extracellular calcium and ... progesterone appears not to be the relevant molecule to induce the acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. Further research ... progesterone modulate membrane fluidity and acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. Semen was initially diluted in INRA96 ( ...

https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/38140

involved_in acrosome reaction IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation. more info. involved_in acylglycerol catabolic process ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/11057

Zn2+-stimulation of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction is mediated by EGFR activation. In: Developmental Biology. ... Michailov Y, Ickowicz D, Breitbart H. Zn2+-stimulation of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction is mediated by EGFR ... In this study, we characterized the role of Zn2+ in sperm capacitation and in the acrosome reaction. Western blot analysis ... Dive into the research topics of Zn2+-stimulation of sperm capacitation and of the acrosome reaction is mediated by EGFR ...

https://cris.bgu.ac.il/en/publications/znsup2sup-stimulation-of-sperm-capacitation-and-of-the-acrosome-r

... acrosome reaction, and signaling processes to ensure fertilization. The supplementation of a cryopreservation extender with ... A. K. Bansal and G. S. Bilaspuri, "Effect of ferrous ascorbate on in vitro capacitation and acrosome reaction in cattle bull ... Thus, Mn2+ promotes the acrosome reaction [56]. Thiol groups also play an important role in detoxification and antioxidation of ... a potent antioxidant and stimulator of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in crossbred cattle bulls," Archiv fur ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/vmi/2011/686137/

... and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. Biol Reprod. 1996 May;54(5):1009-17. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod54.5.1009. Citation on ... This reaction is one step in a process by which the body can use sugars for energy. There are two versions of L-xylulose ... One of its functions is to perform a chemical reaction that converts a sugar called L-xylulose to a molecule called xylitol. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/dcxr/

The status of sperm capacitation was evaluated by the capacity of sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction initiated by the ... KEYWORDS: acrosome reaction, decapacitation factor, epididymal sperm, female reproductive tract, fertilization, male ... The capacitation state was assessed by protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the comprehensiveness of the acrosome reaction. ...

https://bioone.org/journals/biology-of-reproduction/volume-76/issue-3

HUMAN SPERM ACROSOME REACTION. , Vol. 236 (pp 404-405) *Barratt CLR & Hornby DP (1995) Induction of the human acrosome reaction ... HUMAN SPERM ACROSOME REACTION. , Vol. 236 (pp 426-427) *Chapman NR, Hornby DP, Barratt CLR & Moore HDM (1995) The production ... Brewis IA, Chapman NR, Barratt CLR, Hornby DP & Moore HDM (1995) The signal transduction pathway of the acrosome reaction in ... Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 95 kDa protein and induction of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa by recombinant human ...

https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/biosciences/people/associate-emeritus-staff/david-hornby

195,202-205 This binding results in the exocytosis of the sperm acrosome (AR).206 The GlcNAc-BSA-induced acrosome reaction is ... The induction of the acrosome reaction by GlcNAc-BSA and Man-BSA has been shown to involve voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and ... The effect of peritoneal fluid on the human sperm acrosome reaction (AR) was tested.208 When the AR was induced by GlcNAc-BSA ... Acrosome reaction induced by neoglycoproteins containing Man and GlcNAc. Several BSA-based neoglycoproteins were shown to ...

https://www.jnephrol.com/bsa-cell-culture-grade-grade-35-bsa-liquid/

Oviductal sperm was readily induced to undergo the acrosome reaction using the A23187 ionophore; however, the acrosome reaction ... In addition, the acrosome reaction of capacitated sperm was inhibited after 90 min of incubation with SERPINE2. ... It also prevented the acrosome reaction in in vivo-capacitated sperm isolated from the oviduct. Thus, SERPINE2 could reversibly ... Q-PCR (Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) results showed that KIAA1462 was highly expressed in the liver, ovary ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/5

Patient with CATSPER3 mutations-related failure of sperm acrosome reaction with successful pregnancy outcome from ... a, The genotype of each mouse was verified by two PCR reactions. Top, schematic of the genotyping procedure. Bottom, a group of ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03742-6?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c9e79b40-7c59-4b6a-8766-6757ca63914c

The zona pellucida (ZP) is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the oocyte and is required to activate the acrosome reaction [1 ... Morales P, Lianos M. Interaction of human spermatozoa with the zona pellucida of oocytes: development of the acrosome reaction ... An equal volume of reaction mixture was added to the samples and loaded in a minicycler to be subjected to PCR. Purified M. ... Polymerase chain reaction. Cervical secretion samples were transferred to 0.5 mL sterile saline, and subjected to ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-15-2009/volume-15-issue-5/incidence-of-anti-zona-pellucida-and-anti-sperm-antibodies-among-infertile-jordanian-women-and-its-relation-to-mycoplasmas.html

Acts upstream of or within positive regulation of acrosome reaction. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/go/marker/MGI:1922406

Bi-allelic variants in KCNU1 cause impaired acrosome reactions and male infertility.. Hum Reprod. 2022;37:1394-1405.. PubMed ... Loss of SPACA1 function causes autosomal recessive globozoospermia by damaging the acrosome-acroplaxome complex.. Hum Reprod. ... Fertility patients under COVID-19: attitudes, perceptions and psychological reactions.. Hum Reprod. 2020;35:2774-2783.. PubMed ...

https://amedeo.com/medicine/ang/humrepro.htm

THC and anandamide are also both thought to inhibit the acrosome reaction through cannabinoid receptors on the sperm cell ... It is therefore conceivable that the sea urchin synthesizes anandamide during the acrosome reaction in order to prevent ... Evidence for a cannabinoid receptor in sea urchin sperm and its role in blockade of the acrosome reaction. Mol Reprod Develop. ... Inhibition of the acrosome reaction induced by egg jelly. Mol Reprod Develop. 1991;29:51-59. ...

https://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_pharmacology2.shtml

The stimulation of hamster sperm capacitation and acrosome reactions by biogenic amines. Meizel, S., Turner, K. O. & Thomas, P. ...

https://research-portal.uea.ac.uk/en/publications/?indexableKeyword=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fsustainabledevelopmentgoals%2Fpartnerships&format=&page=1266

Enhancement of motility and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: differential activation by type-specific phosphodiesterase ... PDE4 inhibitors enhanced sperm motility over controls without affecting the acrosome reaction, while PDE1 inhibitors ... has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. While several PDE genes exist ... the effect of type-specific PDE inhibition on sperm motility and the acrosome reaction was examined. ...

https://profiles.stanford.edu/barry-behr?tab=publications

Starvation Induces an Increase in Intracellular Calcium and Potentiates the Progesterone-induced Mouse Sperm Acrosome Reaction ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.07.06.451342v1.full

Regulation of abalone sperm cyclic AMP concentrations and the acrosome reaction by calcium and methylxanthines ...

https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/crossref-citedby/22113

Reprod., 64, 1708 - 1712 (2001), "Signaling Pathway of Nitric Oxide-induced Acrosome Reaction in Human Spermatozoa" ...

https://www.biolog.de/8-br-cgmp

Genome-Wide Association Study Implicates Testis-Sperm Specific FKBP6 as a Susceptibility Locus for Impaired Acrosome Reaction ... 2002. Detection of Rhodococcus equi by polymerase chain reaction using novel, non-proprietary primers. Journal of Veterinary ...

https://vetmed.tamu.edu/dnacore/personnel/publications/

As the sperm approaches the zona pellucida of the egg, which is necessary for initiating the acrosome reaction, the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane of the sperm's head, exposing the contents of the acrosome. (wikipedia.org)
The acrosomal reaction does not begin until the sperm comes into contact with the oocyte's zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)
Sperm that did not initiate the acrosome reaction prior to reaching to the zona pellucida are unable to penetrate the zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)
Since the acrosome reaction has already occurred, sperm are then able to penetrate the zona pellucida due to mechanical action of the tail, not because of the acrosome reaction itself. (wikipedia.org)
The acrosome reaction must occur before the sperm cell reaches the zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)
The zona pellucida (ZP) is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the oocyte and is required to activate the acrosome reaction [1]. (who.int)
The hyperactivation process is thought to be necessary for spermatozoa to penetrate the cumulus complex surrounding the ovulated egg, bind to the zona-intact egg, and undergo the acrosomal reaction. (fertilitypedia.org)
Acrosome reaction of stallion spermatozoa evaluated with monoclonal antibody and zona-free hamster eggs. (newhopefertility.com)
Then, the effects of azorellanone on sperm motility, viability, binding to the human zona pellucida, progesterone-induced acrosome reactions and increase in intracellular Ca 2- concentration, and trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like protease activities were evaluated. (uandes.cl)
When the capacitated spermatozoon reaches the oocyte, firstly it attaches to the zona pellucida (a thick glycoprotein protecting coat around the oocyte), resulting to the acrosome reaction, the final step required for the spermatozoon's activation before the gamete fusion. (ivfserum.com)
The reaction consists of the acrosomal enzymes' release and the creation of a pathway through the zona pellucida leading to the fusion of the gametes' plasma membranes. (ivfserum.com)
Oocytes are activated by the binding of the zona pellucida glycoproteins on the capacitated sperm receptors ending up to the acrosome reaction. (ivfserum.com)
[9] The sperm must undergo capacitation in the female's reproductive tract over several hours, which increases its motility and destabilizes its membrane, preparing it for the acrosome reaction, the enzymatic penetration of the egg's tough membrane, the zona pellucida , which surrounds the oocyte. (iiab.me)
This binding triggers the acrosome to burst, releasing enzymes that help the sperm get through the zona pellucida. (iiab.me)
Once the sperm cells find their way past the zona pellucida, the cortical reaction occurs. (iiab.me)
These checkpoints are an inadequate zona pellucida (ZP) recognition, oocyte activation and acrosome reaction. (rroij.com)
The sperm binds to the zona pellucida of the secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase of meiosis II and triggers the acrosome reaction, causing the release of acrosomal enzymes (e.g., acrosin). (epomedicine.com)
Both binding and the acrosome reaction are mediated by the ligand ZP3, a zona protein. (epomedicine.com)
That being said, I don't think that sperm cells can be used to do that because the acrosomal reactions that you discuss are only activated by the presence of the zona pelliculada of the egg cell. (stackexchange.com)
The specificity of the acrosomal reactions to the zona pelliculada was the information I needed. (stackexchange.com)
The second process is acrosome reaction (AR), a chemical action that involves releasing enzymes in the spermatozoa's head that further boost penetration of the zona pellucida. (ukrainiansurrogates.com)
Sperm-egg binding is thought to induce the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm cell releases enzymes that degrade the zona pellucida and prepares the gamete cell membranes for fusion. (wylderjames.com)
When a sperm binds to the zona pellucida, a series of biochemical events, called the acrosomal reactions , take place. (umn.edu)
Individual glycoproteins bind to the sperm heads and cause the acrosome and zona pellucida to fuse. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
The enzymes of the acrosome cause the zona pellucida to dissolve and allow the sperm to reach the plasma membrane below. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)
Polyspermy or fertilization by more than one sperm is prevented by a cortical reaction that releases enzymes that inactivate sperm receptors while hardening the zona pellucida. (pharmacy180.com)

Boue F, Blais J, Sullivan R. Surface localization of P34H an epididymal protein, during maturation, capacitation, and acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. (medlineplus.gov)
In conclusion, this study identified unprecedented alterations of the ECS in infertile sperm, that might impact on capacitation and acrosome reaction, and hence fertilization outcomes. (qub.ac.uk)
The activation includes acquirement of final motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction. (ivfserum.com)
It plays a role in epithelial integrity, showing that Zn is essential for maintaining the lining of the reproductive organs and may have a regulative role in the progress of capacitation and acrosome reaction. (jri.ir)

The cortical granules inside the oocyte then fuse to the outer membrane, and a quick fast block reaction occurs. (wikipedia.org)
The acrosomal reaction usually takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube (site of fertilization) when the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
The first stage is the penetration of corona radiata, by releasing hyaluronidase from the acrosome to digest cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte and exposing acrosin attached to the inner membrane of the sperm. (wikipedia.org)
The spermatozoon induces channels on the oocyte plasma membrane in order the acrosome reaction to occur. (ivfserum.com)
Since one of main problems during ICSI is a reduced oocyte activation and acrosome reaction due to an inadequate sperm selection, contact with HA before injection allows acrosome activity for fertilization. (rroij.com)
The acrosome reaction involves the releases of enzymes that are critical in facilitating penetration and fertilization of an oocyte by sperm. (sciencetrends.com)
However, PTX is reported to induce premature acrosome reaction (AR) and, exert toxic effects on oocyte function and early embryo development. (iith.ac.in)

Next, we used hamster and mouse models to investigate the localization of PLC zeta in non-capacitated and capacitated sperm and in sperm treated with ionophore to induce the acrosome reaction. (ox.ac.uk)
To induce the acrosome reaction, three egg jelly components act in concert on the spermatozoa: a highly sulfated glycoprotein named acrosome reaction-inducing substance (ARIS), a group of sulfated steroidal saponins named Co-ARIS, and a group of glutamine-rich tetratriacontapeptides named sperm activating peptide (SAP). (elsevier.com)
None of them can induce the acrosome reaction by itself in normal sea water, but ARIS does induce it in high Ca 2+ or high pH sea water. (elsevier.com)
The aim of the second experiment was to determine the amount of progesterone needed to induce an acrosome reaction. (uu.nl)
In conclusion, progesterone appears not to be the relevant molecule to induce the acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. (uu.nl)
AMPK has also been found localized at the acrosome (the head region) of human sperm and ROS and ionomycin induce the acrosome reaction in human sperm. (sciencetrends.com)
We verify that in the concentrations previously proposed as effective in boar GO does not induce damage to the sperm nor does it influence the traditional functional parameters such as motility, mitochondrial function, tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction. (unite.it)

A sperm penetration assay includes an acrosome reaction test that assesses how well a sperm can perform during the fertilization process. (wikipedia.org)
In other cases, such as in the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, premature acrosome reactions have been found to cause increased motility in aggregates of spermatozoa promoting fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
The acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic process essential for mammalian fertilization. (biorxiv.org)
We now know that in many animals including mammals the acrosome reaction is an essential, and probably the most central, change in spermatozoa for fertilization. (elsevier.com)
Although high concentrations of the ROS cause sperm pathology (ATP depletion) leading to insufficient axonemal phosphorylation, lipid peroxidation, and loss of motility and viability but, many evidences demonstrate that low and controlled concentrations of these ROS play an important role in sperm physiological processes such as capacitation, acrosome reaction, and signaling processes to ensure fertilization. (hindawi.com)
This quality is essential in the very beginning of the fertilization when the acrosomal reaction happens. (fertilitypedia.org)
As a population, sperm cells have on average 50% genome similarity so the premature acrosomal reactions aid fertilization by a member of the same cohort. (iiab.me)
Only sperm with adequate epididymis maturation, capacitation, and intact acrosome and hyaluronidase activity will attach to HA, increasing fertilization rates. (rroij.com)
Calpain influences the process of spermatogenesis and the events preceding fertilization, such as the acrosome reaction. (huabio.com)
Without the cooperation of this receptor and the ECS, this reaction would not occur, and fertilization would be impossible. (inthenowmag.com)
During the process of fertilization, a series of reactions triggers the fusion of gametes to produce a diploid cell called a zygote. (wylderjames.com)
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The acrosome reaction consists in the fusion of the sperm plasma membrane with the external acrosomal membrane. (femmhealth.org)
In placental mammals, the acrosome contains digestive enzymes that initiate the degradation of the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allowing the sperm plasma membrane to fuse with the egg plasma membrane, as illustrated in Figure 1b . (umn.edu)

Simultaneous staining for viability (Hoechst 33258), acrosome integrity (PNA-AlexaFluor™647), membrane fluidity (merocyanine 540) was evaluated by flow cytometry after 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes of incubation of the equine spermatozoa in the first experiment and after 30, 60 and 120 minutes in the second experiment. (uu.nl)
All the diluted semen samples were stored at 18 °C and were examined for progressive motility, viability, acrosome integrity, pH and osmolarity on days 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 after storage. (agriculturejournals.cz)
For evaluating their effects, number, viability and acrosome reaction of sperm swim-up seperated from semen, which were incubated for 30 minutes at 36 $^{circ}C$ in the M2 solution containing P4 and BSA, were investigated. (e-jarb.org)
Progesterone affected the recovery rate, the viability and the acrosome-reaction rate of sperm recovered from washed frozen-semen. (e-jarb.org)
We've found evidence that GIV may perform different roles in the capacitation of sperm, findings that shed new light on both how defective GIV-signaling might be used as a potential marker for male infertility and how inhibitors of GIV-dependent signaling inhibit fertility by reducing sperm motility and viability and by promoting premature acrosome reaction. (ukrainiansurrogates.com)

Premature warming causes acrosome reactions, decreased motility, shorter shelf-life and decreased fertility. (swinevetcenter.com)

In other mammalian species, but the horse, sperm incubated in a medium with the three main components showed capacitation-related characteristics as high membrane fluidity, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction. (uu.nl)

The cortical reaction and acrosome reaction are both essential to ensure that only one sperm will fertilize an egg. (iiab.me)

The progesterone-induced acrosome reaction was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the newly identified inhibitor, which provides further support for the key-role of ABHD2 in the P4-stimulated acrosome reaction. (univaq.it)
We investigated whether bicarbonate (HCO3-), extracellular calcium and progesterone modulate membrane fluidity and acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. (uu.nl)
Spermatozoa incubated with oestradiol and oestradiol plus progesterone showed the lowest percentage of acrosome reaction. (femmhealth.org)
The present study demonstrates the inhibitory role of oestradiol on the acrosome reaction, stimulated by progesterone in human spermatozoa under physiological conditions. (femmhealth.org)
The acrosome reaction of caprine and porcine spermatozoa is activated by the non-genomic action of progesterone. (oregonstate.edu)

The part of the head called the acrosome produces enzymes that help the sperm head penetrate an egg. (dualjuridik.org)

Starfish spermatozoa undergo the acrosome reaction upon encountering the jelly coat consisting of glycoproteins, steroid saponins oligopeptides and inorganic components. (elsevier.com)
In both forms of male infertility the ability to undergo an acrosome reaction decreases. (cdc.gov)

There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with the egg. (wikipedia.org)

During the process the membrane becomes able to fuse with the ovum and fulfil the acrosome reaction. (cryosinternational.com)
have demonstrated that sperm exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions leads to water influx into the cytoplasm, an expanding sperm volume which stretches the sperm membrane, resulting in opening osmosensitive calcium channels and calcium influx within the sperm's cytoplasm following induction of an acrosome reaction ( 10 , 11 ). (ijfs.ir)
To ensure that no more than one sperm fertilizes the egg, once the acrosomal reactions take place at one location of the egg membrane, the egg releases proteins in other locations to prevent other sperm from fusing with the egg. (umn.edu)
These reactions affect the proteins in the sperm, which ultimately bind to the receptors on the egg cell's cell membrane using the lock and key principle. (healthandmedicineinfo.com)

This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of many extracellular signals. (utsouthwestern.edu)

Physiological Action of Oestradiol on the Acrosome Reaction in Human Spermatozoa. (femmhealth.org)
The objective of the present study was to analyse the influence of oestradiol on the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa to evaluate the possible inhibitory effect of this hormone. (femmhealth.org)

(b) Acrosomal reactions help the sperm degrade the glycoprotein matrix protecting the egg and allow the sperm to transfer its nucleus. (umn.edu)

The binding of Man,Flu-BSA results in a time-dependent receptor aggregation and the induction of acrosome exocytosis in capacitated sperm populations from fertile donors. (jnephrol.com)
alpha-SNAP prevents docking of the acrosome during sperm exocytosis because it sequesters monomeric syntaxin. (bio-protocol.org)

The acrosome reaction was evaluated using flow cytometry. (nih.gov)

We previously demonstrated the presence of active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in sperm, its possible transactivation by direct activation of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), and its involvement in sperm capacitation and in the acrosome reaction (AR). (bgu.ac.il)
The mild adaptive protein is the PMS2 ability of phosphatidylinositol against containing reactions, a immunological cleft NTS caused by the machinery and fusion of cross-links and the domain of convex ones. (erik-mill.de)

the resulting acrosome reaction breaks down the egg's tough coating so that the sperm can fertilize the ovum. (invitro-test.com)

Some sperm cells consume their acrosome prematurely on the surface of the egg cell, facilitating the penetration by other sperm cells. (iiab.me)

The use of liposomes and liposome-trehalose did not affect on the functional status and nuclear chromatin of the equine sperm after freezing, but it did affect the percentage of capacitated sperm without acrosome reaction after selecting the thawed semen using the Percoll® gradient. (uach.cl)

Although a combination of ARIS and either Co-ARIS or SAP induces the acrosome reaction in normal sea water, all three are required to mimic the full activity of dissolved jelly coat. (elsevier.com)

Sperm cells have tiny bags of enzymes on their tip (the acrosome) which allow them to penetrate the ovum. (stackexchange.com)

The acrosome contains a variety of enzymes which are required to carry out what is known as the 'acrosome reaction', where the sperm penetrates and fuses with the female egg. (completeanatomy.cn)

These data support a role for extracellular zinc, acting through the ZnR, in regulating multiple signaling pathways in sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. (bgu.ac.il)

Bi-allelic variants in KCNU1 cause impaired acrosome reactions and male infertility. (amedeo.com)

Therefore, when chlamydia affects acrosomal reaction capacity, the sperm can no longer penetrate the egg coat smoothly, leading to infertility. (semichealth.com)

The acrosome reaction was evaluated by stain with Hoechst 33258 and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin lectin. (femmhealth.org)

In humans induction of acrosome reaction is mediated by ADAM and B4GALT1 binding to ZP3 and ZP4. (reactome.org)

The acrosome is a cap-like structure over the anterior half of the sperm's head. (wikipedia.org)

Significant reduction in sperm head area (9.2 ± 0.7 μm² vs. 18.8 ± 1.4 μm²) and acrosome percentage of the head area (21.5 ± 4% vs. 35.5 ± 11.4%) was reported among exposed sperm compared with unexposed controls. (nih.gov)

In vitro, inside the culture dish, once the spermatozoa are capacitated the acrosome reaction lasts 2-15minutes. (ivfserum.com)
Mutant males show exhibit sperm with a reduced acrosome reaction rate and fertilizing capacity in vitro and decreased fertility in vivo. (utsouthwestern.edu)
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la exposición a A. oncocalyx y onco A durante la maduración in vitro (IVM) de los ovocitos (Experimento 1) o el cultivo de embriones in vitro (IVC) (Experimento 2) en la competencia del desarrollo de los ovocitos. (una.py)

There are considerable species variations in the morphology and consequences of the acrosome reaction. (wikipedia.org)

As a result, the level of energy in the sperm cells increases, thus raising the movement of calcium in the cell, and triggering an acrosome reaction too early. (altesrathaus.org)

chlamydia infection impairs sperm parameters and acrosome reaction capacity. (semichealth.com)

Different transcript variants encoding four predicted isoforms were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in bull testis, spermatocytes and spermatids. (ulaval.ca)

Male Infertility Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests (emedicine.medscape.com)

DCXR gene: MedlinePlus Genetics (medlineplus.gov)

Discrete dynamic model of the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction: the influence of acrosomal pH and biochemical heterogeneity |... (biorxiv.org)

BSA Cell Culture Grade Grade 35% BSA Liquid - Journal of Nephrology ISSN 1724-6059 (jnephrol.com)

IJMS | May 2018 - Browse Articles (mdpi.com)

Structure of a mammalian sperm cation channel complex | Nature (nature.com)

WHO EMRO | Incidence of anti-zona pellucida and anti-sperm antibodies among infertile Jordanian women and its relation to... (emro.who.int)

Infertility: Practice Essentials, Overview, Etiology of Infertility (medscape.com)

Barry Behr, Ph.D., H.C.L.D.'s Profile | Stanford Profiles (profiles.stanford.edu)

Anatomy18

Organisms13

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes15

Changes in hyaluronidase, acrosin, and N-acetylhexosaminidase activities of dog sperm after incubation. (1/514)

Voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and the acrosome reaction: which channels are present and what do they do? (2/514)

Ion channels in sperm physiology. (3/514)

Detection of partial and complete acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: which inducers and probes to use? (4/514)

Synthesis, characterization and preclinical formulation of a dual-action phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) with potent anti-HIV and spermicidal activities. (5/514)

Progesterone promotes the acrosome reaction in capacitated human spermatozoa as judged by flow cytometry and CD46 staining. (6/514)

Characterization of human zona pellucida glycoproteins. (7/514)

Identification of Rab3A GTPase as an acrosome-associated small GTP-binding protein in rat sperm. (8/514)

Acrosome Reaction

Acrosome

Spermatozoa

Sperm Capacitation

Zona Pellucida

Sperm-Ovum Interactions

Sperm Motility

Acrosin

Sperm Head

Fertilization

Egg Proteins

Ionophores

Calcimycin

Peanut Agglutinin

Vitelline Membrane

Ovum

Sea Urchins

Asterias

Epididymis

Chlortetracycline

Fertilization in Vitro

Spermatids

Exocytosis

Semen Preservation

Pimozide

Calcium

Benzamidines

Semen

Sperm Tail

Infertility, Male

Seminal Plasma Proteins

rab3A GTP-Binding Protein

Testis

Calcium Ionophores

Bufo arenarum

Spermatogenesis

Sperm Maturation

Microscopy, Electron

Antigens, CD46

Bisbenzimidazole

Progesterone

Lysophosphatidylcholines

Nigericin

Cell Membrane

Mesocricetus

Sulfuric Acids

Guinea Pigs

Starfish

Cervix Mucus

Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate

Sperm Midpiece

Cricetinae

Fertility

Sperm Agglutination

Cryopreservation

Membrane Glycoproteins

Fallopian Tubes

Sus scrofa

Semen Analysis

Shrews

Receptors, Cell Surface

Follicular Fluid

Sperm Count

Elements

Murinae

Monensin

Ejaculation

Fucose

Oocytes

Cattle

Glycoconjugates

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Swine

Pentoxifylline

Plant Lectins

Mice, Inbred ICR

Sperm Transport

Membrane Fusion

Blotting, Western