Acrosome reaction. Medical search

Changes that occur to liberate the enzymes of the ACROSOME of a sperm (SPERMATOZOA). Acrosome reaction allows the sperm to penetrate the ZONA PELLUCIDA and enter the OVUM during FERTILIZATION.

The cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of SPERM HEAD. Acrosome, derived from LYSOSOMES, is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the required hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes necessary for sperm penetration of the egg in FERTILIZATION.

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

The structural and functional changes by which SPERMATOZOA become capable of oocyte FERTILIZATION. It normally requires exposing the sperm to the female genital tract for a period of time to bring about increased SPERM MOTILITY and the ACROSOME REACTION before fertilization in the FALLOPIAN TUBES can take place.

A tough transparent membrane surrounding the OVUM. It is penetrated by the sperm during FERTILIZATION.

Interactive processes between the oocyte (OVUM) and the sperm (SPERMATOZOA) including sperm adhesion, ACROSOME REACTION, sperm penetration of the ZONA PELLUCIDA, and events leading to FERTILIZATION.

Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression.

A trypsin-like enzyme of spermatozoa which is not inhibited by alpha 1 antitrypsin.

The anterior portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that contains mainly the nucleus with highly compact CHROMATIN material.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

Proteins which are found in eggs (OVA) from any species.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

Lectin purified from peanuts (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA). It binds to poorly differentiated cells and terminally differentiated cells and is used in cell separation techniques.

The plasma membrane of the egg.

A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.

Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are useful models for studying FERTILIZATION and EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT.

A genus of STARFISH in the family Asteriidae. One species, Asterias rubens, is the most common in the north-east Atlantic region.

The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.

A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary SPERMATOCYTES. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to SPERMATOZOA.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

The process by which semen is kept viable outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Amidines substituted with a benzene group. Benzamidine and its derivatives are known as peptidase inhibitors.

The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.

The posterior filiform portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that provides sperm motility.

The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.

Proteins found in SEMEN. Major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex accessory glands, such as the SEMINAL VESICLES and the PROSTATE. They include the seminal vesicle-specific antigen, an ejaculate clotting protein; and the PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, a protease and an esterase.

The most abundant member of the RAB3 GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is involved in calcium-dependent EXOCYTOSIS and is localized to neurons and neuroendocrine cells. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to CALCIUM ions.

A species of the true toads, Bufonidae, found in South America.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

The maturing process of SPERMATOZOA after leaving the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. Maturation in SPERM MOTILITY and FERTILITY takes place in the EPIDIDYMIS as the sperm migrate from caput epididymis to cauda epididymis.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.

A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Echinoderms having bodies of usually five radially disposed arms coalescing at the center.

A slightly alkaline secretion of the endocervical glands. The consistency and amount are dependent on the physiological hormone changes in the menstrual cycle. It contains the glycoprotein mucin, amino acids, sugar, enzymes, and electrolytes, with a water content up to 90%. The mucus is a useful protection against the ascent of bacteria and sperm into the uterus. (From Dictionary of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1988)

Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.

The middle piece of the spermatozoon is a highly organized segment consisting of MITOCHONDRIA, the outer dense fibers and the core microtubular structure.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

Agglutination of spermatozoa by antibodies or autoantibodies.

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.

The quality of SEMEN, an indicator of male fertility, can be determined by semen volume, pH, sperm concentration (SPERM COUNT), total sperm number, sperm viability, sperm vigor (SPERM MOTILITY), normal sperm morphology, ACROSOME integrity, and the concentration of WHITE BLOOD CELLS.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes.

A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.

Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the Old World MICE and RATS.

An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.

The emission of SEMEN to the exterior, resulting from the contraction of muscles surrounding the male internal urogenital ducts.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (From Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2d ed; From Principles of Biochemistry, 2d ed)

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

Passive or active movement of SPERMATOZOA from the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES through the male reproductive tract as well as within the female reproductive tract.

The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is structurally defined by the presence of an N-terminal pleckstrin-homology and EF-hand domains, a central catalytic domain, and a C-terminal calcium-dependent membrane-binding domain.

A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Liquid components of living organisms.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Changes in hyaluronidase, acrosin, and N-acetylhexosaminidase activities of dog sperm after incubation. (1/514)

Hyaluronidase, acrosin and N-acetylhexosaminidase activities were examined in sperm collected from 12 beagle dogs and in culture medium after 0.5 hr and 7 hr of sperm incubation. The activities of the three enzymes were significantly higher at 7 hr than at 0.5 hr (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the increases were associated with sperm capacitation. It was considered that the three enzymes in the dog sperm are related to fertilization by reason of the findings of the release of these enzymes from the sperm into the medium after 7 hr of incubation. (+info)

Voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and the acrosome reaction: which channels are present and what do they do? (2/514)

Evidence from pharmacological studies suggests that induction of the acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa by solubilized zona pellucida, and possibly by progesterone, is dependent upon Ca2+ influx through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Studies on Ca2+ accumulation and membrane potential in ligand-stimulated or artificially depolarized spermatozoa support such a conclusion. Electrophysiological studies on rodent spermatogenic cells have revealed the presence of a 'T' type voltage-operated Ca2+ current. This current has pharmacological attributes consistent with those of the putative channel responsible for Ca2+ influx mediating the acrosome reaction. However, use of molecular techniques to study human and rodent testis and spermatogenic cells has detected the presence of three different voltage-operated Ca2+ channel subunits. One of these (alpha lE) may generate T-currents, though this is currently disputed. Voltage-operated Ca2+ channel structure and the relationship between channel subunit expression and the characteristics of consequent Ca2+ currents is briefly reviewed. The nature and function of T-channel-mediated Ca2+ influx is examined in the context of the time-course of ligand- and depolarization-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i in mammalian spermatozoa. It is likely that a secondary Ca2+ response (mobilization of stored Ca2+ or activation of a second Ca(2+)-influx pathway) is required for the acrosome reaction. Evidence for the existence and participation of various candidates is discussed (including voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, which may be functionally expressed only in mature spermatozoa), the available evidence favouring a secondary Ca(2+)-influx pathway. Immediate priorities for future research in this area are proposed. (+info)

Ion channels in sperm physiology. (3/514)

Fertilization is a matter of life or death. In animals of sexual reproduction, the appropriate communication between mature and competent male and female gametes determines the generation of a new individual. Ion channels are key elements in the dialogue between sperm, its environment, and the egg. Components from the outer layer of the egg induce ion permeability changes in sperm that regulate sperm motility, chemotaxis, and the acrosome reaction. Sperm are tiny differentiated terminal cells unable to synthesize protein and difficult to study electrophysiologically. Thus understanding how sperm ion channels participate in fertilization requires combining planar bilayer techniques, in vivo measurements of membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and intracellular pH using fluorescent probes, patch-clamp recordings, and molecular cloning and heterologous expression. Spermatogenic cells are larger than sperm and synthesize the ion channels that will end up in mature sperm. Correlating the presence and cellular distribution of various ion channels with their functional status at different stages of spermatogenesis is contributing to understand their participation in differentiation and in sperm physiology. The multi-faceted approach being used to unravel sperm ion channel function and regulation is yielding valuable information about the finely orchestrated events that lead to sperm activation, induction of the acrosome reaction, and in the end to the miracle of life. (+info)

Detection of partial and complete acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: which inducers and probes to use? (4/514)

The acrosome reaction (AR), an essential step for achieving mammalian fertilization, was recently introduced as a means of clinical evaluation of male fertility. However, most of the available techniques for acrosomal status assessment (except those employing electron microscopy) do not define whether the measurements represent partial or complete AR. We, therefore, performed a crossover investigation of the types of inducers and probes required for detecting partial or complete AR in human spermatozoa. The acrosomal status before and after stimulation with four AR inducers was evaluated after incubation for 3 h in capacitating conditions. We used a fluorescence-activated cell sorter with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibody CD46 (FITC-CD46) targeting the inner acrosomal membrane for detecting a complete AR, and fluorescein isothiocyanate-Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) targeting the acrosomal content for detection of both partial and complete AR. Without stimulation or following stimulation with progesterone, follicular fluid (FF) or phorbol myristate ester (PMA), the AR could be detected with FITC-PSA but not with FITC-CD46. Following stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187, the AR could be detected by both FITC-PSA and FITC-CD46. These results suggest that spontaneous AR as well as AR induced by progesterone, PMA and FF are partial. In contrast, the AR induced by A23187 is total, i.e. both partial and complete. These findings are valuable for both research and clinical purposes and are a step towards an international agreement on a standard test for human sperm AR, for which there is an urgent need. (+info)

Synthesis, characterization and preclinical formulation of a dual-action phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) with potent anti-HIV and spermicidal activities. (5/514)

In a systematic effort to develop a microbicide contraceptive capable of preventing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as providing fertility control, we have previously identified novel phenyl phosphate derivatives of zidovudine (ZDV) with 5-halo 6-alkoxy substitutions in the thymine ring and halo substitution in the phenyl moiety respectively. Here, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and successful preclinical formulation of our lead compound, 5-bromo-6-methoxy-3'-azidothymidine-5'-(p-bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI-07), which exhibits potent anti-HIV and sperm immobilizing activities. The anti-HIV activity of WHI-07 was tested by measuring viral p24 antigen production and reverse transcriptase activity as markers of viral replication in HIV-1 infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). WHI-07 inhibited replication of HIV in a concentration-dependent fashion with nanomolar IC50 values. The effects of WHI-07 on human sperm motion kinematics were analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), and its effects on sperm membrane integrity were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and high-resolution low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (HR-LVSEM). WHI-07 caused cessation of sperm motility in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. The in-vitro cytotoxicities of WHI-07 and nonoxynol-9 (N-9) were compared using normal human ectocervical and endocervical epithelial cells by the MTT cell viability assay. Unlike N-9, WHI-07 had no effect upon sperm plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. N-9 was cytotoxic to normal human ectocervical and endocervical cells at spermicidal doses, whereas WHI-07 was selectively spermicidal. The in-vivo vaginal absorption and vaginal toxicity of 2% gel-microemulsion of WHI-07 was studied in the rabbit model. The sperm immobilizing activity of WHI-07 was 18-fold more potent than that of N-9. Over a 10 day period, there was no irritation or local toxicity to the vaginal epithelia or systemic absorption of WHI-07. Therefore, as a potent anti-HIV agent with spermicidal activity, and lack of mucosal toxicity, WHI-07 may have the clinical potential to become the active ingredient of a vaginal contraceptive for women who are at high risk for acquiring HIV by heterosexual vaginal transmission. (+info)

Progesterone promotes the acrosome reaction in capacitated human spermatozoa as judged by flow cytometry and CD46 staining. (6/514)

The acrosome reaction is a necessary prerequisite for spermatozoa to acquire fertilizing ability. Several different moieties appear to promote the acrosome reaction through different pathways, including solubilized zona pellucidae, recombinant zona protein ZP3, follicular fluid, calcium ionophores, and mannosylated bovine serum albumin (BSA). Although many investigators have presented evidence that progesterone also promotes the acrosome reaction through the mediation of a non-genomic cell membrane receptor, this concept has been challenged. Other workers have suggested that progesterone does not promote an acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa, as judged by the detection of CD46, a complement regulatory protein present on the inner acrosome membrane, through flow cytometric analysis of large numbers of spermatozoa. Prior investigations were criticized by the limited numbers of spermatozoa enumerated visually, the use of non-specific staining techniques, and the failure to eliminate dead spermatozoa during the scoring of the acrosome reaction. We have repeated these experiments, using both a supravital dye to eliminate dead spermatozoa from flow cytometric analysis, and anti-CD46 monoclonal antibody to score acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Care was taken to validate the adequacy of capacitation conditions, which were proven by the ability of spermatozoa to acrosome react in response to mannosylated BSA and to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs. Confocal microscopy was used to confirm that CD46 immunostaining was limited to the acrosomal region of the spermatozoon head. Our results indicate that progesterone does promote an acrosome reaction within capacitated spermatozoa. (+info)

Characterization of human zona pellucida glycoproteins. (7/514)

The human egg may only be fertilized by one spermatozoon to prevent polyploidy. In most mammals, the primary block to polyspermy occurs at the zona pellucida (ZP). Little is known of the human ZP and the changes occurring following fertilization to prevent polyploidy. Using antibodies directed against synthetic peptides predicted from the human ZP2 and ZP3 cDNA, we identified ZP3 as a 53-60 kDa glycoprotein and ZP2 as a 90-110 kDa glycoprotein in prophase-I oocytes. Characterization of the ZP from metaphase II arrested eggs (inseminated-unfertilized and fertilized-uncleaved), shows no visible modification of ZP3, but demonstrates that ZP2 undergoes limited proteolysis in the amino terminal domain, to a 60-73 kDa species, denoted ZP2p, which remains linked to the proteolysed fragments by intramolecular disulphide bonds. A lack of ZP2 proteolytic activity in acrosomal supernatants is consistent with an oocyte origin for the protease. The ZP2-specific protease may be released during cortical granule exocytosis which occurs during meiotic maturation and following sperm-egg fusion as part of the block to polyspermy. Since mouse ZP2 acts as a secondary sperm receptor, it is possible that intact ZP2 binds a secondary egg binding protein, whereas cleaved ZP2 does not, suggesting a possible mechanism for the block to polyspermy. (+info)

Identification of Rab3A GTPase as an acrosome-associated small GTP-binding protein in rat sperm. (8/514)

The acrosome reaction is a membrane fusion event that is prerequisite for sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in membrane fusion, the expression and localization of Rab proteins, a subfamily of small GTPases that have been shown to play key roles in regulation of intracellular membrane traffic and exocytosis, were examined in rat testis and sperm. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot analysis, and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that Rab3A protein, which is thought to be involved in regulation of exocytosis in neurons and endocrine cells, is associated with the sperm acrosome. The protein was undetectable in acrosome-free heads prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Immunogold electron microscopy performed on ultrathin cryosections provided further evidence that Rab3A protein is associated with the acrosomal membrane. Acrosome reaction assays revealed that synthetic peptide of the Rab3 effector domain inhibited acrosomal exocytosis triggered by calcium ionophore A23187 in a concentration-dependent fashion, suggesting that Rab3A acts as an inhibitory regulator in the acrosome reaction. In view of the putative role of Rab3A protein in membrane fusion systems, these results suggest that Rab3A could be involved in regulating the mammalian acrosome reaction by controlling the membrane fusion system in sperm. (+info)

... could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap-like structure on the head of the cell releases ... Some definitions consider sperm activation to consist of these two processes of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperactivation

Sperm guidance Acrosome reaction Oocyte Wessel, GM; Brooks, JM; Green, E; Haley, S; Voronina, E; Wong, J; Zaydfudim, V; Conner ... "Egg-jelly signal molecules for triggering the acrosome reaction in starfish spermatozoa". The International Journal of ... The sulfated fucan glycoproteins play an important role in binding to sperm receptors and triggering the acrosomal reaction. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_jelly

To have the ability to fertilize the female gamete, this cell suffers capacitation and acrosome reaction in female reproductive ... This hormone activates AKT that leads to activation of other protein kinases, involved in capacitation and acrosome reaction. ... Gupta, SK; Bhandari, B (January 2011). "Acrosome reaction: relevance of zona pellucida glycoproteins". Asian Journal of ... The basic unit of the Reactome database is a reaction; reactions are then grouped into causal chains to form pathways The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

Cortical reaction Acrosome reaction Johnson MH (2007). Essential reproduction (6th ed.). Malden Massachusetts: Blackwell ... Lu HY, Lu JC, Hu YA, Wang YM, Huang YF (2002). "[Detection of human sperm morphology and acrosome reaction with Coomassie ... Ozaki T, Takahashi K, Kanasaki H, Miyazaki K (2002). "Evaluation of acrosome reaction and viability of human sperm with two ... These media can be supplemented with other chemicals to induce hyperactivated sperm motility and/or the acrosome reaction. For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitation

This is because the acrosome reaction has to take place and thousands of sperm cells have to be involved in IVF. Once ... With this method, the acrosome reaction is skipped. There are several differences within classic IVF and ICSI. However, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection

"Synaptotagmin VI participates in the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa". Developmental Biology. 235 (2): 521-9. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYT6

The second process in sperm activation is the acrosome reaction. This involves releasing the contents of the acrosome, which ... As the spermatozoon approaches the egg, it undergoes the acrosome reaction in which the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses ... There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with ... Above the nucleus lies a cap-like structure called the acrosome, formed by modification of the Golgi body, which secretes the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon

ZP3 is then involved in the induction of the acrosome reaction, whereby a spermatozoon releases the contents of the acrosomal ... This structure binds spermatozoa, and is required to initiate the acrosome reaction. In the mouse (the best characterised ... They bind to capacitated spermatozoa and induce the acrosome reaction. Successful fertilization depends on the ability of sperm ... and enable the acrosome reaction for the successful adhesion and penetration by the sperm cell. The major glycoproteins of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pellucida

Glycodelin F is thereby important to prevent a premature acrosome reaction. Found in Cumulus Oophorus, stimulates binding of ... thereby inhibiting acrosome reaction and sperm-egg binding. Upon de-glycosilation, glycodelin F dissociates from the sperm and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAEP

... is released from the acrosome of spermatozoa as a consequence of the acrosome reaction. It aids in the penetration of ... Upon stimulus, the acrosome releases its contents onto the zona pellucida. After this reaction occurs, the zymogen form of the ... Thus, some argue for its role in assisting in the dispersal of acrosomal contents following the acrosome reaction, while others ... The importance of acrosin in the acrosome reaction has been contested. It has been found through genetic knockout experiments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosin

This is due to the fact that in IVF acrosome reaction has to take place and thousands of sperm cells have to be involved. Once ... With this method acrosome reaction is skipped. ICSI is used in the 95% of oocytes in the world. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection?wprov=sfla1

After the acrosome reaction, the sperm is believed to remain bound to the zona pellucida through exposed ZP2 receptors. These ... In mammals, the binding of the spermatozoon to the GalT initiates the acrosome reaction. This process releases the ... Additionally, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are released near the oocyte that promote the acrosome reaction.[26] ... "Glycosaminoglycans in Ewe Reproductive Tracts and Their Influence on Acrosome Reactions in Bovine Spermatozoa in Vitro". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilization

... and Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation on Capacitation and the Spontaneous Acrosome Reaction of Hamster Sperm". Biology of ... "Analysis of CAPZA3 localization reveals temporally discrete events during the acrosome reaction". Journal of Cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Visconti

1995). "Human SP-10: acrosomal distribution, processing, and fate after the acrosome reaction". Biol. Reprod. 51 (6): 1222-31. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACRV1

"Sequence of a rabbit sperm zona pellucida binding protein and localization during the acrosome reaction". Dev. Biol. 165 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPA17

Acrosome reaction Qi H, Moran MM, Navarro B, Chong JA, Krapivinsky G, Krapivinsky L, et al. (January 2007). "All four CatSper ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation_channels_of_sperm

"Group X phospholipase A2 is released during sperm acrosome reaction and controls fertility outcome in mice". The Journal of ... Increase in phospholipase A2 activity is an acute-phase reaction that rises during inflammation, which is also seen to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_A2

... sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in the excised reproductive tract of hamsters". Theriogenology. 44 (4): 599-608. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardul_Singh_Guraya

Heavy metal chelators prolong motility and viability of sea urchin sperm by inhibiting spontaneous acrosome reactions. J. Exp. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_H._Johnson

Normally, spermatozoa fuse with the zona pellucida surrounding the mature oocyte; the resulting acrosome reaction breaks down ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_immunology

2007). "Inhibition of mouse acrosome reaction and sperm-zona pellucida binding by anti-human sperm membrane protein 1 antibody ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm-associated_antigen_8

The cortical reaction and acrosome reaction are both essential to ensure that only one sperm will fertilize an egg. After the ... preparing it for the acrosome reaction, the enzymatic penetration of the egg's tough membrane, the zona pellucida, which ... Additionally, the cortical reaction will happen which is caused by ovastacin binding and cleaving ZP2 receptors on the zona ... In preparation for the fusion of their genetic material both the oocyte and the sperm undergo transformations as a reaction to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_fertilization

After the acrosome reaction, the sperm is believed to remain bound to the zona pellucida through exposed ZP2 receptors. These ... In mammals, the binding of the spermatozoon to the GalT initiates the acrosome reaction. This process releases the ... Unlike sea urchins, the sperm binds to the egg before the acrosomal reaction. ZP3, a glycoprotein in the zona pellucida, is ... to the N-acetylglucosamine residues on the ZP3 and is important for binding with the sperm and activating the acrosome reaction ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilization

"Effects of Native Human Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins 3 and 4 on Acrosome Reaction and Zona Pellucida Binding of Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialyl-Lewis_X

It may function as a regulator of both motility- and head-associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKAP3

2007). "Acrosome reaction induced by recombinant human zona pellucida 3 peptides rhuZP3a22 approximately 176 and rhuZP3b177 ... 2008). "Effects of native human zona pellucida glycoproteins 3 and 4 on acrosome reaction and zona pellucida binding of human ... gene is a major structural component of the ZP and functions in primary binding and stimulation of the sperm acrosome reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZP3

... antibody for the combined assessment of human sperm acrosome integrity and ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction". PLOS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDAC2

In vivo assessment of the human sperm acrosome reaction and the expression of glycodelin-A in human endometrium after ... The in vitro effect of levonorgestrel on the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa from fertile men. „Contraception". 68 (1), ... Effect of copper ion on the motility, viability, acrosome reaction and fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa in vitro. „ ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antykoncepcja_postkoitalna

... plays a role in stimulation of capacitation and inhibition of the spontaneous acrosome reaction". Molecular Reproduction and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP11

positive regulation of acrosome reaction. • positive regulation of humoral immune response. • positive regulation of T cell ... "Acrosome reaction induced by recombinant human zona pellucida 3 peptides rhuZP3a22 approximately 176 and rhuZP3b177 ... "Effects of native human zona pellucida glycoproteins 3 and 4 on acrosome reaction and zona pellucida binding of human ... gene is a major structural component of the ZP and functions in primary binding and stimulation of the sperm acrosome reaction ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZP3

... by means of the peroxidation reaction: H. 2. O. 2. +. R. ′. H. 2. →. R. ′. +. 2. H. 2. O. {\displaystyle \mathrm {H} _{2}\ ... catalase converts it to H2O through this reaction: 2. H. 2. O. 2. →. 2. H. 2. O. +. O. 2. {\displaystyle 2\mathrm {H} _{2}\ ... The first reactions in the formation of plasmalogen in animal cells also occur in peroxisomes. Plasmalogen is the most abundant ... This reaction is important in liver and kidney cells, where the peroxisomes detoxify various toxic substances that enter the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome

In most mammalian fertilization, hyaluronidase is released by the acrosome of the sperm cell after it has reached the oocyte, ... a scheme based on the enzyme reaction products.[1] The three main types of hyaluronidases are two classes of eukaryotic ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaluronidase

Czernilofsky, A; Küchler, E; Stöffler, G.; Czernilofsky, P. (1976). "SITE OF REACTION ON RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN L27 WITH AN AFFINITY ... has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosome

Peroxisomes are one form of vacuole found in the cell that contain by-products of chemical reactions within the cell. Most ... acrosomes, melanosomes, and chromaffin granules). Different types of biological membranes have diverse lipid and protein ... These membrane proteins have various functions and characteristics and catalyze different chemical reactions. Integral proteins ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane-bound

Enzymes that catalyze reactions are also found on the plasma membrane. Receptor proteins on the membrane have a shape that ... One extensively studied detoxification reaction is carried out by the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes, which catalyze water- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endomembrane_system

The DNA is damaged in oxidative environments created by photo-oxidative reactions and photosynthetic/respiratory electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastid

... acrosome reaction）、抑制受精、影響胚胎著床以及後續的生長及發育。女性形成抗精子抗

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/女性不孕症

... as it is capable of both storing genetic information and catalyzing chemical reactions (see RNA world hypothesis), but some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)

"Membrane Assembly Driven by a Biomimetic Coupling Reaction". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134 (2): 751-753. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basolateral

Main article: Dark reactions. The Calvin cycle, also known as the dark reactions, is a series of biochemical reactions that ... Main article: Light reactions. The light reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. They take light energy and store it ... C4 plants evolved a way to solve this-by spatially separating the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. The light reactions, ... Photosynthesis is divided into two stages-the light reactions, where water is split to produce oxygen, and the dark reactions, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplasts

... inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infertility

The second process in sperm activation is the acrosome reaction. This involves releasing the contents of the acrosome, which ... There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with ... Above the nucleus lies a cap-like structure called the acrosome, formed by modification of the Golgi body, which secretes the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon

This fusion allows the joining of two distinct structures as in the acrosome reaction during fertilization of an egg by a sperm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer

... and/or the acrosome reaction. Mutations in the ADCY10 gene are associated with an increased risk of adsorptive hypercalciuria. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADCY10

The cup part is made up of acrosomes and nucleus, while the handle is made up by the tails. The spermatozoa in the package are ... Thus, they rely on R. pachyptila for the assimilation of nutrients needed for the array of metabolic reactions they employ and ... The male's spermatozoa are thread-shaped and are composed of three distinct regions: the acrosome (6 μm), the nucleus (26 μm) ... During the chemosynthesis, the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanase catalyzes the disproportionation reaction of the thiosulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riftia_pachyptila

This shedding of the acrosome, or acrosome reaction, can be stimulated in vitro by substances a sperm cell may encounter ... This can be done to serve as a positive control when assessing the acrosome reaction of a sperm sample by flow cytometry or ... "Comparative flow cytometric analysis of the human sperm acrosome reaction using CD46 antibody and lectins". J. Assist. Reprod. ... The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosome

Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction, which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome ... the acrosome reaction releases hyaluronidase and acrosin; their role in fertilization is not yet clear. The acrosomal reaction ... which is necessary for initiating the acrosome reaction, the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane ... Since the acrosome reaction has already occurred, sperm are then able to penetrate the zona pellucida due to mechanical action ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosome_reaction

... are localized into the apical acrosome and are expected to be involved in signal transduction pathways directing the acrosome ... The acrosome reaction (AR) is a process of membrane fusion and lytic enzyme release, which enables sperm to penetrate the egg ... Dramatic membrane reorganization starts in the acrosome cap region after the initiation of the acrosome reaction41. However, ... CD46 relocates from the acrosome into the equatorial segment and over the whole sperm head during the acrosome reaction, which ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33714?error=cookies_not_supported&code=04bb9f67-09e6-4ad5-9ff4-5151d7c6caaa

What is Acrosome reaction? Meaning of Acrosome reaction as a finance term. What does Acrosome reaction mean in finance? ... Definition of Acrosome reaction in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Related to Acrosome reaction: Cortical reaction, capacitation. Reaction. A decline in prices following an advance. Opposite of ... Acrosome reaction financial definition of Acrosome reaction https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Acrosome+ ...

https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Acrosome+reaction

These results suggest that the sperm acrosome reaction is associated with both a primary transport of Ca2+ and a Ca2+-dependent ... Because a cyclic AMP analogue did not induce an acrosome reaction in the absence of added Ca2+, the increase in sperm cyclic ... In contrast to capacitation, the acrosome reaction failed to occur in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. After capacitation of ... Calcium-dependent increase in adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea pig spermatozoa. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/76/11/5699?ijkey=be001f3ca22ad15744a3ec8aa9447a24fdcf59a3&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... i and elicit the acrosome reaction (AR) via a non-genomic cell surface receptor. Progesterone promotes a transient elevation in ... Rapid non-genomic actions of progesterone stimulate Ca2+ influx and the acrosome reaction in human sperm Cell Signal. 1993 Sep; ... i and elicit the acrosome reaction (AR) via a non-genomic cell surface receptor. Progesterone promotes a transient elevation in ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8312130/?dopt=Abstract

The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is essential to fertilization and is believed to be initiated in vivo by ZP3, a ... Jung-Ho Son and Stanley Meizel "Evidence Suggesting That the Mouse Sperm Acrosome Reaction Initiated by the Zona Pellucida ... Jung-Ho Son, Stanley Meizel "Evidence Suggesting That the Mouse Sperm Acrosome Reaction Initiated by the Zona Pellucida ... Evidence Suggesting That the Mouse Sperm Acrosome Reaction Initiated by the Zona Pellucida Involves an α7 Nicotinic ...

https://bioone.org/journals/biology-of-reproduction/volume-68/issue-4/biolreprod.102.011163/Evidence-Suggesting-That-the-Mouse-Sperm-Acrosome-Reaction-Initiated-by/10.1095/biolreprod.102.011163.short

Find out information about acrosome reaction. A form of cellular exocytosis that allows sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida ... Related to acrosome reaction: Cortical reaction, capacitation. acrosome reaction. [′ak·rə‚sōm rē‚ak·shən] (cell and molecular ... Acrosome reaction , Article about acrosome reaction by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/acrosome ... a href=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/acrosome+reaction,acrosome reaction,/a,. *Facebook ...

https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/acrosome+reaction

... is believed to initiate acrosome reaction. Recently, human ZP4 was also implicated in inducing acrosome reaction. These studies ... On the other hand, protein kinase-A and L-type Ca2 channels took part only in human ZP4-induced acrosome reaction. This ... Acrosome reaction is crucial to the penetration of spermatozoa through the zona pellucida (ZP). Glycosylation of ZP ... They induced acrosome reaction and inhibited spermatozoa-ZP binding time- and dose-dependently to different extents. These ...

https://bioone.org/journals/biology-of-reproduction/volume-79/issue-5/biolreprod.108.069344/Effects-of-Native-Human-Zona-Pellucida-Glycoproteins-3-and-4/10.1095/biolreprod.108.069344.short

... has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. While several PDE genes exist ... Enhancement of motility and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: differential activation by type-specific phosphodiesterase ... PDE4 inhibitors enhanced sperm motility over controls without affecting the acrosome reaction, while PDE1 inhibitors ... has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. While several PDE genes exist ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9647555/

Aliquots of samples were used for western blot analysis, subjected to capacitation, and thereafter, acrosome reaction assays ... and in the acrosome reaction of sperm from Nelore bulls in vitro. Ejaculates of 10 sexually mature Nelore bulls were used. ... decreased the percentage of capacitated spermatozoa with a positive acrosome reaction (P , 0.05), indicating the involvement of ... and that the inactivation of tACE reduces the capacity of spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction. ...

https://scirp.org/journal/papercitationdetails.aspx?paperid=91914&JournalID=191

Acrosome Reaction. Abstract:. The principal role of SNARE proteins is to arbitrate vesicle fusion to a target membrane. ... During the sperm acrosome reaction, the outer acrosomal membrane fuses at hundreds of points with the overlying plasma membrane ... Re-localization of SNARE proteins in mouse sperm prior to the acrosome reaction. Welcome to the IDEALS Repository. ... We hypothesize that syntaxin and synaptobrevin re-localize within the sperm plasma membrane prior to the acrosome reaction to ...

https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/78670

Stival C, Puga Molina Ldel C, Paudel B, Buffone MG, Visconti PE, Krapf D. Sperm Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction in Mammalian ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/14260744

在这里, 描述了两个中等吞吐量检测评估对 ca2+信号和顶体反应

https://www.jove.com/v/59212?language=Chinese

Aquí, dos ensayos de rendimiento medio para la evaluación de efectos sobre la Ca2 +-reacción señalización y acrosómica en...

https://www.jove.com/v/59212?language=Spanish

1978). The induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm by the divalent metal cation ionophore A23187. J. Cell Sci 32 ... This suggests that the acrosome reaction results in presentation of at least one novel epitope which plays a role in sperm- ... 1993). Analysis of the responses of human spermatozoa to A23187 employing a novel technique for assessing the acrosome reaction ... When sperm were induced to undergo the acrosome reaction with A23187 and incubated with their discharged acrosomal contents, a ...

https://jcs.biologists.org/content/108/2/767?ijkey=a7ef74ed40992d84421f5829371d09681ad551ed&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

This suggests that the acrosome reaction results in presentation of at least one novel epitope which plays a role in sperm- ... When sperm were induced to undergo the acrosome reaction with A23187 and incubated with their discharged acrosomal contents, a ... Formaldehyde fixation of acrosome-intact sperm caused partial rupture of the acrosome with loss of the characteristic rouleaux ... Acrosome-intact mammalian sperm can adhere to zona pellucida-free oocytes but are only capable of fusing if they have ...

http://jcs.biologists.org/content/108/2/767

... acrosome reaction, motility and cryopreservation, Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental ... Sperm biology and control of reproduction in sturgeon: (II) sperm morphology, acrosome reaction,... Alavi, Sayyed; Hatef, ... Egg water, Ca2+ and Mg2+ can trigger acrosome reaction. Trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities are reported in sturgeon ... Egg water, Ca2+ and Mg2+ can trigger acrosome reaction. Trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities are reported in sturgeon ...

https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/sperm-biology-and-control-of-reproduction-in-sturgeon-ii-sperm-LFMPeeh14n

... Franken D.R. ; Bastiaan H.S. ; Kidson A. ; Wranz P. ; Habenicht ... spontaneous and calcium ionophore induced acrosome reaction. Predictive values for acrosome responsiveness were depicted with ... After completion of acrosome reaction studies, patient samples were divided according to the percentage of morphologically ... Sperm samples from 29 men randomly selected from the andrology laboratory, were used to evaluate acrosome reaction response to ...

http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/13342

2012): RE:The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding ... Lerchl A (2012): Letter on The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry ... The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding of human ...

https://www.emf-portal.org/de/article/18046

... induces the acrosome reaction (AR) in stallion spermatozoa and, if so, to identify the component in FF responsible for it. ... Viable spermatozoa without the outer acrosomal membrane were considered as physiologically acrosome-reacted. Results showed ... The aim of this study was to investigate whether mare follicular fluid (FF) induces the acrosome reaction (AR) in stallion ... Progesterone in mare follicular fluid induces the acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa and enhances in vitro binding to ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Progesterone-in-mare-follicular-fluid-induces-the-Cheng-Fazeli/d69692be6dccbcbd20582be6a791e1c119a7aa72

https://www.emf-portal.org/en/article/18046

... the outer membrane of the acrosome fuses at multiple points with the overlying plasma… ... Acrosome reaction - During fertilization, the acrosome reaction is the reaction which occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it ... acrosome reaction. a sequence of structural changes seen in spermatozoa in the vicinity of an oocyte in the uterine tube, ... ARIC - • acrosome reaction ionophore challenge [test]; • Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities [study] … Dictionary of medical ...

https://medicine.en-academic.com/156114/acrosome_reaction

Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization as part of the acrosome reaction ... positive regulation of actin filament polymerization involved in acrosome reaction. Search Ontology: ...

http://zfin.org/action/ontology/term-detail/GO:0060475

ACROSOME REACTION The red receptors on the sperm come into contact with the egg jelly, yellow. This induces the acrosome ... reaction causing the acrosome in green to fuse with the plasma membrane of the sperm. The actin in pink goes from a globular ...

https://web.stanford.edu/group/Urchin/acrosome.htm

... like protein during the acrosome reaction (AR) of normal sperm donors and (ii) the role of intact acrosomes during sperm-zone ... G-protein regulation of the solubilized human zona pellucida-mediated acrosome reaction and zona pellucida binding Bastiaan H ... The present article describes the biological role of ERK during the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa on stimulation with ... The present article describes the biological role of ERK during the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa on stimulation with ...

http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/13335

keywords = "acrosome reaction, embryo development, microinjection",. author = "Orly Lacham and Alan Trounson and Carol Holden ... Both acrosome‐intact and acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa were identified under the zona in the eggs which failed to fertilize. ... Both acrosome‐intact and acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa were identified under the zona in the eggs which failed to fertilize. ... Both acrosome‐intact and acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa were identified under the zona in the eggs which failed to fertilize. ...

https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/fertilization-and-development-of-mouse-eggs-injected-under-the-zo

... a maturation step preceding acrosome reaction. Recent studies have reported leptin ability to promote capacitation and acrosome ... Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of L-NAME and of Ab-ObR on the promotion of acrosome reaction triggered by leptin suggests a ... Significant increases of nitric oxide levels and acrosome reaction extent were detected in leptin-treated spermatozoa, but both ... In addition, acrosome status of treated-spermatozoa was evaluated by FITC-PNA staining. ...

https://rbej.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7827-9-133

Stimulation of both capacitation and acrosome reaction resulted from sequential exposure to pentoxifylline and progesterone. ... After exposure to pentoxifylline (1 mg/ml; 30 min), the fluorescent B pattern, characteristic of capacitated, acrosome-intact ... acrosome loss and hyperactivation. Sperm viability was not affected in any treatment group. These observations suggest that ... cells, increased significantly (P , 0.01), though no increase in AR pattern, characteristic of acrosome-reacted cells, was ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Effects-of-pentoxifylline-and-progesterone-on-huma-Kay-Coutts/8d9644b160b41d3a5a85b5d8ec358bb34870a517

Human Sperm Acrosome Reaction. Patrick F nichel, Jean Parinaud - Fertilization (Biology) - 1995 - 460 pages. ...Human homolog ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=UEvbQcZ7e1oC&qtid=217e79f2&source=gbs_quotes_r&cad=6

The scoring of acrosome-reacted human sperm allows a more accurate, faster, and simpler method using : Gerardo Barroso, Alexia ... The acrosome reaction is a primary step during the sperm/oocyte interaction where the content of several enzymes will be ... Acrosome Reaction. Often part of a sperm penetration assay, an acrosome reaction test assesses just how well sperm are able to ... Human Sperm Acrosome Reaction Download PDF EPUB FB2. The acrosome reaction test has much prediction of IVF fertilization than ...

https://misucezorunafase.axendadeportiva.com/human-sperm-acrosome-reaction-book-33963kc.php

In other cases, such as in the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, premature acrosome reactions have been found to cause increased motility in aggregates of spermatozoa promoting fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
Prostasome-like vesicles stimulate acrosome reaction of pig spermatozoa. (thefreedictionary.com)
After the incubation, acrosome reaction rates and tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the spermatozoa were evaluated. (thefreedictionary.com)
Assessment of hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and motility characteristics of spermatozoa from semen of men of proven fertility and unexplained infertility. (thefreedictionary.com)
Intracellular calcium store depletion and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: role of calcium and plasma membrane potential. (thefreedictionary.com)
Staining procedures to detect viability and the true acrosome reaction in spermatozoa of various species. (thefreedictionary.com)
After capacitation of spermatozoa in a Ca 2+ -free medium, addition of Ca 2+ caused an increase in sperm cyclic AMP concentrations within 1 min and a maximal number of spermatozoa showing an acrosome reaction within 10 min. (pnas.org)
Neither 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine nor 8-Br cyclic AMP induced an acrosome reaction in capacitated spermatozoa in the absence of Ca 2+ , but both significantly decreased the time required for maximal expression of the acrosome reaction in the presence of Ca 2+ . (pnas.org)
However, it has been reported that glucose is an essential component for inducing the acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and for supporting fertilization in mice (Fraser and Quinn, 1981). (thefreedictionary.com)
Structural comparisons among glycosaminoglycans to promote an acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa. (thefreedictionary.com)
Acrosome reaction is crucial to the penetration of spermatozoa through the zona pellucida (ZP). (bioone.org)
In the present study, the effects of native human ZP3 and ZP4 on acrosome reaction and spermatozoa-ZP binding were investigated. (bioone.org)
They induced acrosome reaction and inhibited spermatozoa-ZP binding time- and dose-dependently to different extents. (bioone.org)
1993 ). Analysis of the responses of human spermatozoa to A23187 employing a novel technique for assessing the acrosome reaction. (biologists.org)
After completion of acrosome reaction studies, patient samples were divided according to the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa. (sun.ac.za)
The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding of human spermatozoa. (emf-portal.org)
Progesterone in mare follicular fluid induces the acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa and enhances in vitro binding to the zona pellucida. (semanticscholar.org)
The aim of this study was to investigate whether mare follicular fluid (FF) induces the acrosome reaction (AR) in stallion spermatozoa and, if so, to identify the component in FF responsible for it. (semanticscholar.org)
The objective of the study was twofold: 1) to investigate the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on sperm head morphometry and the acrosome response and 2) to evaluate the consequence of exposure on the spermatozoa 's zona pellucida -binding capacity. (emf-portal.org)
a sequence of structural changes seen in spermatozoa in the vicinity of an oocyte in the uterine tube, believed to facilitate their entry into the oocyte: the outer membrane of the acrosome fuses at multiple points with the overlying plasma membrane of the head of the spermatozoon, creating openings through which enzymes of the acrosome are liberated. (en-academic.com)
Acrosome - In spermatozoa (also known as sperm/sperm cell) of many animals, the Acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the sperm s head. (en-academic.com)
The present article describes the biological role of ERK during the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa on stimulation with zona pellucida (ZP). (sun.ac.za)
The mitogen-activated protein-kinase inhibitor PD098059 was used as a pharmacological tool to study the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in the induction of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa. (sun.ac.za)
Mouse spermatozoa were capacitated and acrosome reacted by incubation for 30 min to 6 h in modified Tyrode's medium (T6) and in cGMP. (monash.edu)
These rates were not correlated to the percentage of acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa identified after these treatments. (monash.edu)
Both acrosome‐intact and acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa were identified under the zona in the eggs which failed to fertilize. (monash.edu)
In addition, acrosome status of treated-spermatozoa was evaluated by FITC-PNA staining. (biomedcentral.com)
Significant increases of nitric oxide levels and acrosome reaction extent were detected in leptin-treated spermatozoa, but both the effects were reversed in presence of L -NAME. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison and evaluation of capacitation and acrosomal reaction in freeze-thawed human ejaculated spermatozoa treated with L-carnitine and pentoxifylline. (semanticscholar.org)
Pentoxifylline induces capacitation and acrosome reaction and improves quality of motility in canine ejaculated spermatozoa. (semanticscholar.org)
These enzymes clear a. acrosome reaction - Chemical change within the spermatozoa following binding to the zona pellucida, only acrosome reacted spermatozoa have an ability to fuse with oocytes. (axendadeportiva.com)
Upon exposure of human spermatozoa to autologous serum or follicular fluid, we unexpectedly observed that acrosome-reacted spermatozoa activated the complement cascade efficiently through C3 but not beyond. (jci.org)
Spermatozoa are highly regulated processes that consist of differentiated cells based on a head, mid-piece, and tail while the mammalian sperm head is composed of a nucleus and acrosome. (frontiersin.org)
blocking these channels inhibits the acrosome reaction but what calcium does inside the spermatozoa is not very clear. (stackexchange.com)
This study was conducted to investigate the T-type calcium channel is operated in acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. (bvsalud.org)
We observed on acrosome reaction inhibition rate in human spermatozoa the various of concentration of mibefradil, nifedipine. (bvsalud.org)
Recombinant human ZP3 (rhuZP3) generated by Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with a plasmid containing human ZP3 cDNA was used to study the acrosome reaction (AR) and intracellular calcium fluxes in capacitated human spermatozoa. (dundee.ac.uk)
14. J. Langlais, K. D. Roberts: A molecular membrane model of sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa. (bioscience.org)
Cellular and molecular biology of capacitation and acrosome reaction in mammalian spermatozoa. (bioscience.org)
24. R. A. Anderson Jr., K. A. Feathergill, C. J. De Jonge, S. R. Mack, L. J. D. Zaneveld: Facilitative effect of pulsed addition of dibutyryl cAMP on the acrosome reaction of noncapacitated spermatozoa. (bioscience.org)
The acrosome reaction of an Inarticulate Brachiopod Lingula Anatina spermatozoa. (routledge.com)
In addition, the spermatozoa cultured in QF+SPS had lower motility, acrosome reaction rates, and tyrosine phosphorylation levels compared with those cultured in HTF+SSS. (hindawi.com)
After these alterations, spermatozoa undergo acrosome reaction, in which hydrolytic enzymes enabling spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes are released [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Biomolecular research proves that with the additional of several seminal plasma proteins can improve the fertilization process, cell survival and has a positive role to the process of spermatozoa capacitation and acrosomal reaction [4]. (thefreedictionary.com)

This study focuses on the final, but the most dramatic mature sperm metamorphosis, called the acrosome reaction (AR), which is characterized by the controlled exocytosis of the single giant enzyme-rich secretory vesicle the acrosome. (nature.com)
This membrane is exposed after the acrosome reaction, an exocytosis event that occurs upon contact with the zona pellucida. (jci.org)
At fertilization, the enzymatic content of the acrosome is released by exocytosis when a portion of the plasma membrane enveloping the sperm head fuses with the outer membrane of the acrosome. (mysciencework.com)
Binding to the zona pellucida clusters the sperm receptor, activating intracellular signaling cascades that stimulate the exocytosis of the acrosome. (biologists.org)
Exocytosis of the sperm's single secretory granule, or acrosome, is a regulated exocytosis triggered by components of the egg's investments. (nih.gov)
In addition to external calcium, sperm exocytosis (termed the acrosome reaction) requires cAMP synthesized endogenously and calcium mobilized from the acrosome through IP3-sensitive channels. (nih.gov)
In summary, we describe here a pathway that connects cAMP to calcium mobilization from the acrosome during sperm exocytosis. (nih.gov)
Although able to undergo normal acrosomal exocytosis induced by calcium ionophore, homozygous sperm do not exhibit acrosome reaction to zona pellucida glycoproteins or anti-galactosyltransferase antibodies. (jax.org)
Sperm-ZP interactions are important, because the binding of the sperm to specific ZP glycoproteins (ZP3 in the mouse) induces the sperm to undergo the "acrosome reaction," the exocytosis of the acrosome vesicle on the head of the sperm (1). (bioscience.org)
The cortical reaction is exocytosis of eggs? (testpreppractice.net)

NOX5 enzyme activity is not important in unstimulated sperm motility, acrosome reaction , and sperm viability. (thefreedictionary.com)
From Table 2 the percentages of motility, viability, plasma membrane intact, the highest capacitation and the lowest acrosome reaction of the three treatments medium is treatment II (P2) (the medium Insulin Like Growth Factor I Complex). (thefreedictionary.com)
A functional plasma membrane is important for maintaining homeostasis, sperm motility, capacita-tion, acrosome reaction and other events related to fertilization (Jayendran et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
Last, the roles of egg jelly and vitelline envelope in inducing a sperm acrosome reaction and enhancing motility were demonstrated. (thefreedictionary.com)
One study showed that saquinavir, commonly used in HAART regimens, results in decreased sperm motility in vitro and negatively affects mechanisms that are essential to fertilization of an oocyte such as the acrosome reaction (50). (thefreedictionary.com)
Inhibition of sperm phosphodiesterase (PDE) has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. (nih.gov)
To evaluate the functional significance of different PDE forms, the effect of type-specific PDE inhibition on sperm motility and the acrosome reaction was examined. (nih.gov)
PDE4 inhibitors enhanced sperm motility over controls without affecting the acrosome reaction, while PDE1 inhibitors selectively stimulated the acrosome reaction. (nih.gov)
Linhart, Otomar 2012-06-17 00:00:00 In the present review, sperm morphology, acrosome reaction, motility, short-term storage and cryopreservation are summarized and discussed in sturgeon (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes). (deepdyve.com)
At the cell biology level, capacitation induces changes in the sperm motility pattern known as hyperactivated movement and prepares the sperm to undergo an exocytotic process known as the acrosome reaction. (springer.com)
Human sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction are impaired by 2-arachidonoylglycerol endocannabinoid. (freedomwares.ca)
In this work, we have demonstrated that 2AG induces the spontaneous acrosome reaction and reduces progressive motility in fresh human sperm. (freedomwares.ca)
In summary, 2AG affects the in vitro functionality of human sperm by reducing motility, inhibiting capacitation and triggering the acrosome reaction. (freedomwares.ca)
The conclusion of the study published in the journal Fertility & Sterility , was that taking sildenafil citrate, well known under the name Viagra®, may significantly increase sperm motility but negatively affect sperm acrosome reaction. (natural-fertility-info.com)
This could explain why many functional genes involved in sperm motility, capacitation , and acrosome reaction were found highly expressed in MAG tissue. (thefreedictionary.com)
Effects of addition of vitamin B12 to the extender on post-thaw motility, acrosome morphology, and plasma membrane integrity in bull semen. (ebscohost.com)

A sperm penetration assay includes an acrosome reaction test that assesses how well a sperm can perform during the fertilization process. (wikipedia.org)
The acrosomal reaction usually takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube (site of fertilization) when the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte. (wikipedia.org)
The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is essential to fertilization and is believed to be initiated in vivo by ZP3, a glycoprotein component of the egg zona pellucida (ZP). (bioone.org)
Acrosome reaction - During fertilization, the acrosome reaction is the reaction which occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. (en-academic.com)
It breaks down just before fertilization (the acrosome reaction), releasing a number of enzymes that assist penetration between the follicle cells that still surround the ovum. (en-academic.com)
Often part of a sperm penetration assay, an acrosome reaction test assesses just how well sperm are able to perform during the fertilization process. (axendadeportiva.com)
The acrosome reaction test has much prediction of IVF fertilization than the semen analysis. (axendadeportiva.com)
The acrosome reaction is a crucial step during gamete interaction in all species, including by: The acrosome reaction normally occurs as sperm pass through envelope 1 during fertilization (Talbot et al. (axendadeportiva.com)
Since some of the initial events of sperm-induced egg activation in lower species are accompanied by the hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides, we examined the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) activators (phorbol diesters and diacylglycerols) and microinjected inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP 3 ) on sperm-ZP binding, the ZP-induced acrosome reaction, fertilization, and egg induced modifications of the ZP. (springer.com)
Acrosome reaction is the advanced step to fertilization and involves alterations to the acrosomal cap region of the sperm. (bioscience.org)
The ROS, under physiological conditions, play important roles in different processes necessaries for sperm maturation and function, such as capacitation , hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion, allowing proper fertilization process [19, 21, 40]. (thefreedictionary.com)
18. B. J. Rogers, B. J. Bentwood: Capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization. (bioscience.org)
gigas, fertilization process requires acrosomal reaction to bind and penetrate the oocyte (Akcha et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
Explanations: Cortical reaction can be defined as the reaction of egg cell to fertilization which results in the change of cell membrane. (testpreppractice.net)

This induces the acrosome reaction causing the acrosome in green to fuse with the plasma membrane of the sperm. (stanford.edu)
This study evaluates the effect of Asta in a capacitating buffer which induces low ROS production and low percentages of acrosome-reacted cells (ARC). (mdpi.com)
In the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, egg jelly induces the degradation of sperm histones as well as the acrosome reaction. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
This interaction induces the sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction. (bioscience.org)

As the sperm approaches the zona pellucida of the egg, which is necessary for initiating the acrosome reaction, the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane of the sperm's head, exposing the contents of the acrosome. (wikipedia.org)
During the sperm acrosome reaction, the outer acrosomal membrane fuses at hundreds of points with the overlying plasma membrane, resulting in release of the acrosomal contents. (illinois.edu)
We hypothesize that syntaxin and synaptobrevin re-localize within the sperm plasma membrane prior to the acrosome reaction to form SNARE complexes and promote membrane fusion at hundreds of specific points. (illinois.edu)
Results showed that syntaxin-positive volume and syntaxin content remained the same in capacitated and non-capacitated sperm but the location of syntaxin after capacitation was more restricted to the apical ridge of the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome in more than 90% of the sperm observed. (illinois.edu)
Indirect labelling of these formaldehyde-fixed sperm with fluorescein isothiocyanate- or gold-labelled second antibody, with or without permeabilization with 0.05% Triton X-100, showed dense labelling on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane overlying the convex surface of the acrosome but little labelling elsewhere. (biologists.org)
Since there is no evidence that sperm can translocate intact membrane protein from the cytoplasmic face to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane during the acrosome reaction, the evidence suggests that there are two isolated antigen pools. (biologists.org)
In mouse sperm the plasma membrane bounds (mACs) activated by G protein take a part in the acrosome reaction, and in chemotaxis and hyperactivation in human sperm. (axendadeportiva.com)
Gary M. Wessel, Victor D. Vacquier, in Methods in Cell Biology, 3 The Fucose Sulfate Polymer (FSP) Purified FSP of egg jelly can by itself induce the sperm acrosome is known to bind REJ1 (receptor for egg jelly-1), a glycoprotein on the sperm plasma membrane localized to the acrosome and the flagellum Human Sperm Acrosome Reaction book and Moy, ).FSP opens two pharmacologically different sperm. (axendadeportiva.com)
During the acrosome reaction, the activation enzyme present in the sperm dissolves the corona radiata and zona pellucida enabling the sperm to reach the plasma membrane of the egg. (stackexchange.com)
Mouse sperm are unusual in that all of their GalT I is present on the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome, where it functions as a receptor for the major sperm-binding ligand in the zona pellucida, ZP3. (biologists.org)
The acrosome reaction is absolutely required for sperm-egg plasma membrane interactions to occur, as only acrosome-reacted sperm can bind and fuse with the egg plasma membrane (1). (bioscience.org)

Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction, which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. (wikipedia.org)
Covering the head of the sperm is a cap known as the acrosome, which contains enzymes that help sperm to enter an egg. (britannica.com)
this process is known as the acrosome reaction . (britannica.com)

There are considerable species variations in the morphology and consequences of the acrosome reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Results were analysed and expressed as correlations between sperm morphology and acrosomal response to human solubilized zona pellucida, spontaneous and calcium ionophore induced acrosome reaction. (sun.ac.za)
Sperm morphology evaluated by strict criteria correlated positively and highly significantly with the responsiveness of the acrosome reaction (r=0.91, P=0.0001). (sun.ac.za)
Spontaneous and calcium ionophore induced acrosome reactions revealed no correlation with sperm morphology. (sun.ac.za)
ii) zona pellucida induction of the acrosome reaction is superior, as a predictor of sperm morphology, compared to calcium ionophore induced and spontaneous acrosome reactions. (sun.ac.za)
Purpose: In this study, we investigated the relationship between functionality of the acrosome and sperm morphology. (axendadeportiva.com)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of $Ca^{2+}$ , $HCO_3{^-}$ and BSA on the in vitro capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction in guinea pig sperm. (koreascience.or.kr)
Moreover, an absence of $Ca^{2+}$ or $HCO_3{^-}$ inhibited in vitro hyperactivation and acrosome reaction and decreased the phosphorylation of the proteins throughout the period of in vitro capacitation. (koreascience.or.kr)
Both staining techniques were capable of detecting the increase in spontaneous acrosome reactions which occurs during in vitro capacitation of dog sperm. (elsevier.com)
By contrast, GalT I-null sperm behave as though they are precociously capacitated, in that they demonstrate maximal binding to the zona pellucida and greatly increased sensitivity to ionophore-induced acrosome reactions without undergoing capacitation in vitro. (biologists.org)

Effects on human sperm function was assessed using an image cytometry-based acrosome reaction assay and the modified Kremer's sperm-mucus penetration assay. (frontiersin.org)
The hemizona assay and induced acrosome reaction test are valuable predictors of IVF outcome [ 7 , 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

When sperm were induced to undergo the acrosome reaction with A23187 and incubated with their discharged acrosomal contents, a further band was produced with an M(r) of 30 × 10(3). (biologists.org)
It has been shown that the production of endogenous sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in causing cells to undergo a massive acrosome reaction (AR). (mdpi.com)
As expected, wild-type sperm must undergo capacitation in order to bind the zona pellucida and undergo a Ca 2+ ionophore-induced acrosome reaction. (biologists.org)
Similarly, sperm from males devoid of all GalT I, or devoid of just the surface isoform of GalT I, fail to bind ZP3 or undergo a ZP3-induced acrosome reaction. (biologists.org)
In both forms of male infertility the ability to undergo an acrosome reaction decreases. (cdc.gov)
The calcium signal activates the egg to undergo cortical reaction. (testpreppractice.net)

Experiments were designed to determine the interrelationship between cyclic AMP and Ca 2+ during the processes of sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. (pnas.org)
20. B. T. Storey: Sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. (bioscience.org)
22. L. J. D. Zaneveld, C. J. De Jonge, R.A. Anderson, S. R. Mack: Human sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction. (bioscience.org)

Effect of antisperm antibodies present in human follicular fluid upon the acrosome reaction and spermzona pellucida interaction. (thefreedictionary.com)

The cortical granules inside the oocyte then fuse to the outer membrane, and a quick fast block reaction occurs. (wikipedia.org)
The first stage is the penetration of corona radiata, by releasing hyaluronidase from the acrosome to digest cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte and exposing acrosin attached to the inner membrane of the sperm. (wikipedia.org)
This suggests that the acrosome reaction results in presentation of at least one novel epitope which plays a role in sperm-oocyte fusion. (biologists.org)
In it sits a sacklike organelle, called the acrosome, with various lytic enzymes that help to break down the glycoprotein shell around the oocyte. (asbmb.org)

In recent reports, we showed that human sperm endogenous ROS production is essential for correct capacitation, evaluated as the percentage of acrosome-reacted cells (ARC) directly dependent on Tyr-phosphorylation (Tyr-P) of the sperm head [ 11 ]. (mdpi.com)
High positive correlations were observed between the fluorescent stain and the triple stain in the mean values for the percentage of viable sperm and for the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm among the viable sperm (r = 0.91, r = 0.97, respectively). (elsevier.com)

Sperm that did not initiate the acrosome reaction prior to reaching to the zona pellucida are unable to penetrate the zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)

During the acrosomal reaction, the contents of the acrosome is released and pushed from the sperm head. (natural-fertility-info.com)

These two phases of sperm due to cryo-injury are demonstrated as premature capacitation and spontaneous acrosome reaction (Srivastava et al. (thefreedictionary.com)

There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with the egg. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, the expression of intracellular NOS enzymes has been also assessed and the possible involvement of NO in acrosome reaction triggered by leptin has been evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
This initiates a process called the acrosomal reaction in which the enzyme-filled "cap" of the sperm, called the acrosome, releases its stored digestive enzymes. (axendadeportiva.com)
Capacitation is a set of alterations leading to the acrosome reaction (AR), an exocytotic process by means of which hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., acrosin) are released to allow sperm to fertilize oocytes [ 1 ]. (mdpi.com)
During spermiogenesis, hydrolytic enzymes are sorted from the Golgi apparatus to the acrosome, a supranuclear megavesicle. (mysciencework.com)
Since many naturally occurring enzymes that catalyze the same reaction exhibit significant primary structural diversity, we are using random mutagenesis combined with screening and structural methods, to identify the sensitive and essential elements of primary structure in a range of enzyme catalyzed reactions and antibiotic resistance targets. (sheffield.ac.uk)
The acrosome is a specialized layer of cells surrounding the outer layer of the sperm head that contain enzymes necessary for sperm to penetrate a woman's ova (egg). (natural-fertility-info.com)
Hyperactivation could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap-like structure on the head of the cell releases the enzymes it contains. (wikipedia.org)
First, enzymes released from the acrosome allow the sperm to penetrate the ZP to gain access to the perivitelline space. (bioscience.org)
Step (2): The release of enzymes from the acrosome allow the sperm the penetrate the ZP. (bioscience.org)
As we know, normal fertilizing capacity of sperm depends on normal acrosomal reaction and normal functions of acrosomal enzymes. (thefreedictionary.com)

1978 ). The induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm by the divalent metal cation ionophore A23187. (biologists.org)
This compound significantly inhibited the acrosome reaction induced by both ZP and the calcium ionophore A23187. (sun.ac.za)
We further found that SUMO-1 was lost if the acrosome reaction was induced by calcium ionophore A23187. (frontiersin.org)
Following activation with caffeine and dibutyryl cAMP, cynomolgus macaque sperm were induced to acrosome react with calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of SBTI and were fixed for ultrastructural observation. (elsevier.com)
Following treatment with ionophore, the percentages of total acrosome-reacted sperm (motile and non-motile) as assessed with Alexa-SBTI, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA), and TEM were 54.6%, 51.6% and 61.5%, respectively. (elsevier.com)
After 4-h incubation in the presence of rHuOVGP1, the number of acrosome-reacted sperm induced by calcium ionophore significantly increased. (bioscientifica.com)

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against unfixed acrosome-reacted guinea pig sperm and screened by indirect immunofluorescence for binding to the equatorial segment. (biologists.org)

Our results will help in identification of pathways that may regulate SNARE localization and function during capacitation, membrane fusion and the acrosome reaction. (illinois.edu)
Sequence of a rabbit sperm zona pellucida binding protein and localization during the acrosome reaction. (ebi.ac.uk)

The (**) are vesicles formed from a premature acrosome reaction. (asbmb.org)

Stival C, Puga Molina Ldel C, Paudel B, Buffone MG, Visconti PE, Krapf D. Sperm Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction in Mammalian Sperm. (umassmed.edu)
Acrosome-intact mammalian sperm can adhere to zona pellucida-free oocytes but are only capable of fusing if they have previously undergone the acrosome reaction. (biologists.org)
Spermatozoon acrosome reaction is an exocytotic event of the utmost importance for the development of mammalian fertilisation. (bvsalud.org)
The sperm acrosome reaction is a Ca2+ -dependent exocytotic event that is triggered by adhesion to the mammalian egg's zona pellucida. (bvsalud.org)
28. G. S. Kopf, G. L. Gerton: The mammalian sperm acrosome and the acrosome reaction. (bioscience.org)
29. S. Meizel: The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction. (bioscience.org)
30. S. Meizel: Molecules that initiate or help stimulate the acrosome reaction by their interaction with the mammalian sperm surface. (bioscience.org)

Because a cyclic AMP analogue did not induce an acrosome reaction in the absence of added Ca 2+ , the increase in sperm cyclic AMP concentrations induced by Ca 2+ probably reflects one of a number of Ca 2+ -dependent events associated with the acrosome reaction. (pnas.org)
Co-ARIS I, a steroidal saponin of the jelly, is effective to induce both reactions in the presence of ARIS. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)

Studies with inhibitors showed that both human ZP3- and ZP4-induced acrosome reactions were protein kinase-C, protein tyrosine kinase, T-type Ca 2 channels, and extracellular Ca 2 dependent. (bioone.org)
Furthermore, acrosome reaction and western blotting for tyrosine phosphorylation were used to evaluate sperm capacitation. (hindawi.com)

abstract = "Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) inhibits the catalytic activity of serine proteases, and has been shown to bind to acrosin, an acrosomal hydrolase which is not exposed on the surface of macaque sperm until after the acrosome reaction. (elsevier.com)
abstract = "Cofactor for acrosome reaction-inducing substance (Co-ARIS) is a steroidal saponin from the starfish Asterias amurensis. (elsevier.com)

Human ZP glycoprotein-3 (ZP3) is believed to initiate acrosome reaction. (bioone.org)
sperm could initiate but not complete the acrosome reaction. (springer.com)
Similarly, purified ZP3 prepared from phorbol diester-treated eggs possesses full sperm receptor activity, and can initiate but not complete the acrosome reaction. (springer.com)
This is in contrast to ZP3 from 2-cell embryos, which cannot even initiate an acrosome reaction. (springer.com)

When CRL-10 antibody was added prior to sperm incubation in a capacitating medium, promotion of the acrosome reaction was observed. (uab.cat)

2006), induction of the acrosome reaction (Alves et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
The potential role of the jelly layer in sperm chemotaxis or induction of the acrosome reaction is unknown in dreissenids, although quantitative observations show both D. (thefreedictionary.com)
The sperm capacitation and the induction of the acrosomal reaction are Ca 2+ -dependent signaling events that have been of wide interest to reproductive biologists for over half a century. (hindawi.com)

p>This subsection of the 'Function' section describes an enzyme regulatory mechanism and reports the components which regulate (by activation or inhibition) the reaction. (uniprot.org)

Secondly, new portions of the sperm membrane are exposed or modified upon the acrosome reaction, including the inner acrosomal membrane and the equatorial segment (figure 2A), regions of the sperm head that can participate in initial gamete membrane binding or subsequent sperm-egg membrane fusion (1-3). (bioscience.org)
The acrosome reaction has also revealed the inner acrosomal membrane (IAM) at the sperm head s anterior, and the equatorial segment. (bioscience.org)

Cortical reaction - Human ovum. (en-academic.com)

1993 ). Effects of cryopreservation on the human sperm acrosome and its response to A23187. (biologists.org)

This free radical appears to affect sperm capacitation, a maturation step preceding acrosome reaction. (biomedcentral.com)

This review summarizes some recent findings in human sperm which show that progesterone and 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone are able rapidly (within seconds) to elevate [Ca2+]i and elicit the acrosome reaction (AR) via a non-genomic cell surface receptor. (nih.gov)
Effects of pentoxifylline and progesterone on human sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. (semanticscholar.org)
In the first part of this paper, we present a novel tool (the TAT-cAMP sponge) to investigate cAMP-related signaling pathways in response to progesterone as acrosome reaction trigger. (nih.gov)

We selected CRL-10 monoclonal antibody, specific for acrosome, for a detailed study. (uab.cat)
keywords = "Acrosome, Anticorps monoclonal, Gamete recognition. (uab.cat)

The acrosome reaction (AR) is a process of membrane fusion and lytic enzyme release, which enables sperm to penetrate the egg surroundings. (nature.com)

Cryosections of acrosome-intact sperm labelled indirectly with immuno-gold showed labelling consistent with the same location, as well as sporadic labelling at other intracellular sites overlying the acrosome. (biologists.org)

Sperm samples from 29 men randomly selected from the andrology laboratory, were used to evaluate acrosome reaction response to solubilized human zona pellucida. (sun.ac.za)

p>This subsection of the 'Function' section describes the catalytic activity of an enzyme, i.e. the chemical reaction it catalyzes. (uniprot.org)

Using this approach, two antibodies, G11 and M13, were identified which detect equatorial segment epitopes presented de novo by sperm following an A23187-induced acrosome reaction. (biologists.org)

Most sperm function tests analyze parts of the capacitation process, such as hyperactivation, sperm-zona binding, and acrosome reaction [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms13

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes15

Changes in hyaluronidase, acrosin, and N-acetylhexosaminidase activities of dog sperm after incubation. (1/514)

Voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and the acrosome reaction: which channels are present and what do they do? (2/514)

Ion channels in sperm physiology. (3/514)

Detection of partial and complete acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: which inducers and probes to use? (4/514)

Synthesis, characterization and preclinical formulation of a dual-action phenyl phosphate derivative of bromo-methoxy zidovudine (compound WHI-07) with potent anti-HIV and spermicidal activities. (5/514)

Progesterone promotes the acrosome reaction in capacitated human spermatozoa as judged by flow cytometry and CD46 staining. (6/514)

Characterization of human zona pellucida glycoproteins. (7/514)

Identification of Rab3A GTPase as an acrosome-associated small GTP-binding protein in rat sperm. (8/514)

Acrosome Reaction

Acrosome

Spermatozoa

Sperm Capacitation

Zona Pellucida

Sperm-Ovum Interactions

Sperm Motility

Acrosin

Sperm Head

Fertilization

Egg Proteins

Ionophores

Calcimycin

Peanut Agglutinin

Vitelline Membrane

Ovum

Sea Urchins

Asterias

Epididymis

Chlortetracycline

Fertilization in Vitro

Spermatids

Exocytosis

Semen Preservation

Pimozide

Calcium

Benzamidines

Semen

Sperm Tail

Infertility, Male

Seminal Plasma Proteins

rab3A GTP-Binding Protein

Testis

Calcium Ionophores

Bufo arenarum

Spermatogenesis

Sperm Maturation

Microscopy, Electron

Antigens, CD46

Bisbenzimidazole

Progesterone

Lysophosphatidylcholines

Nigericin

Cell Membrane

Mesocricetus

Sulfuric Acids

Guinea Pigs

Starfish

Cervix Mucus

Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate

Sperm Midpiece

Cricetinae

Fertility

Sperm Agglutination

Cryopreservation

Membrane Glycoproteins

Fallopian Tubes

Sus scrofa

Semen Analysis

Shrews

Receptors, Cell Surface

Follicular Fluid

Sperm Count

Elements

Murinae

Monensin

Ejaculation

Fucose

Oocytes

Cattle

Glycoconjugates

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Swine

Pentoxifylline

Plant Lectins

Mice, Inbred ICR

Sperm Transport

Membrane Fusion

Blotting, Western