Acrosome. Medical search

Changes that occur to liberate the enzymes of the ACROSOME of a sperm (SPERMATOZOA). Acrosome reaction allows the sperm to penetrate the ZONA PELLUCIDA and enter the OVUM during FERTILIZATION.

Mature male germ cells derived from SPERMATIDS. As spermatids move toward the lumen of the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES, they undergo extensive structural changes including the loss of cytoplasm, condensation of CHROMATIN into the SPERM HEAD, formation of the ACROSOME cap, the SPERM MIDPIECE and the SPERM TAIL that provides motility.

The structural and functional changes by which SPERMATOZOA become capable of oocyte FERTILIZATION. It normally requires exposing the sperm to the female genital tract for a period of time to bring about increased SPERM MOTILITY and the ACROSOME REACTION before fertilization in the FALLOPIAN TUBES can take place.

Interactive processes between the oocyte (OVUM) and the sperm (SPERMATOZOA) including sperm adhesion, ACROSOME REACTION, sperm penetration of the ZONA PELLUCIDA, and events leading to FERTILIZATION.

A tough transparent membrane surrounding the OVUM. It is penetrated by the sperm during FERTILIZATION.

Movement characteristics of SPERMATOZOA in a fresh specimen. It is measured as the percentage of sperms that are moving, and as the percentage of sperms with productive flagellar motion such as rapid, linear, and forward progression.

A trypsin-like enzyme of spermatozoa which is not inhibited by alpha 1 antitrypsin.

The anterior portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that contains mainly the nucleus with highly compact CHROMATIN material.

Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary SPERMATOCYTES. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to SPERMATOZOA.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

Proteins which are found in eggs (OVA) from any species.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

Lectin purified from peanuts (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA). It binds to poorly differentiated cells and terminally differentiated cells and is used in cell separation techniques.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of biological or artificial lipid membranes to specific ions. Most ionophores are relatively small organic molecules that act as mobile carriers within membranes or coalesce to form ion permeable channels across membranes. Many are antibiotics, and many act as uncoupling agents by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

The convoluted cordlike structure attached to the posterior of the TESTIS. Epididymis consists of the head (caput), the body (corpus), and the tail (cauda). A network of ducts leaving the testis joins into a common epididymal tubule proper which provides the transport, storage, and maturation of SPERMATOZOA.

The posterior filiform portion of the spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) that provides sperm motility.

The plasma membrane of the egg.

The process by which semen is kept viable outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.

A genus of STARFISH in the family Asteriidae. One species, Asterias rubens, is the most common in the north-east Atlantic region.

The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.

Somewhat flattened, globular echinoderms, having thin, brittle shells of calcareous plates. They are useful models for studying FERTILIZATION and EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.

The thick, yellowish-white, viscid fluid secretion of male reproductive organs discharged upon ejaculation. In addition to reproductive organ secretions, it contains SPERMATOZOA and their nutrient plasma.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

The maturing process of SPERMATOZOA after leaving the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. Maturation in SPERM MOTILITY and FERTILITY takes place in the EPIDIDYMIS as the sperm migrate from caput epididymis to cauda epididymis.

Proteins found in SEMEN. Major seminal plasma proteins are secretory proteins from the male sex accessory glands, such as the SEMINAL VESICLES and the PROSTATE. They include the seminal vesicle-specific antigen, an ejaculate clotting protein; and the PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, a protease and an esterase.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

The middle piece of the spermatozoon is a highly organized segment consisting of MITOCHONDRIA, the outer dense fibers and the core microtubular structure.

Agglutination of spermatozoa by antibodies or autoantibodies.

The most abundant member of the RAB3 GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. It is involved in calcium-dependent EXOCYTOSIS and is localized to neurons and neuroendocrine cells. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A family of herbivorous leaping MAMMALS of Australia, New Guinea, and adjacent islands. Members include kangaroos, wallabies, quokkas, and wallaroos.

Chemical agents that increase the permeability of CELL MEMBRANES to CALCIUM ions.

Amidines substituted with a benzene group. Benzamidine and its derivatives are known as peptidase inhibitors.

A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

A count of SPERM in the ejaculum, expressed as number per milliliter.

The quality of SEMEN, an indicator of male fertility, can be determined by semen volume, pH, sperm concentration (SPERM COUNT), total sperm number, sperm viability, sperm vigor (SPERM MOTILITY), normal sperm morphology, ACROSOME integrity, and the concentration of WHITE BLOOD CELLS.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

A species of the true toads, Bufonidae, found in South America.

A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.

The emission of SEMEN to the exterior, resulting from the contraction of muscles surrounding the male internal urogenital ducts.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Passive or active movement of SPERMATOZOA from the testicular SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES through the male reproductive tract as well as within the female reproductive tract.

Echinoderms having bodies of usually five radially disposed arms coalescing at the center.

A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.

Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.

A slightly alkaline secretion of the endocervical glands. The consistency and amount are dependent on the physiological hormone changes in the menstrual cycle. It contains the glycoprotein mucin, amino acids, sugar, enzymes, and electrolytes, with a water content up to 90%. The mucus is a useful protection against the ascent of bacteria and sperm into the uterus. (From Dictionary of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1988)

A phylum of metazoan invertebrates comprising the segmented worms, and including marine annelids (POLYCHAETA), freshwater annelids, earthworms (OLIGOCHAETA), and LEECHES. Only the leeches are of medical interest. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Chemical substances or agents with contraceptive activity in males. Use for male contraceptive agents in general or for which there is no specific heading.

A histochemical technique for staining carbohydrates. It is based on PERIODIC ACID oxidation of a substance containing adjacent hydroxyl groups. The resulting aldehydes react with Schiff reagent to form a colored product.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A METHYLXANTHINE derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase and affects blood rheology. It improves blood flow by increasing erythrocyte and leukocyte flexibility. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. Pentoxifylline modulates immunologic activity by stimulating cytokine production.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the Old World MICE and RATS.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

The fluid surrounding the OVUM and GRANULOSA CELLS in the Graafian follicle (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). The follicular fluid contains sex steroids, glycoprotein hormones, plasma proteins, mucopolysaccharides, and enzymes.

The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.

An infraclass of MAMMALS, also called Metatheria, where the young are born at an early stage of development and continue to develop in a pouch (marsupium). In contrast to Eutheria (placentals), marsupials have an incomplete PLACENTA.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (From Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2d ed; From Principles of Biochemistry, 2d ed)

Substances that comprise all matter. Each element is made up of atoms that are identical in number of electrons and protons and in nuclear charge, but may differ in mass or number of neutrons.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Physiologically inactive substances that can be converted to active enzymes.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.

A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules composed of primary male germ cells (SPERMATOGONIA) and supporting SERTOLI CELLS. As SPERMATOGENESIS proceeds, the developing germ cells migrate toward the lumen. The adluminal compartment, the inner two thirds of the tubules, contains SPERMATOCYTES and the more advanced germ cells.

Spatiotemporal characterization of intracellular Ca2+ rise during the acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa induced by zona pellucida. (1/936)

The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is an essential event prior to sperm-egg fusion at fertilization, and it is primarily dependent on an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Spatiotemporal aspects of the [Ca2+]i increase during the AR induced by solubilized zona pellucida (ZP) in hamster spermatozoa were precisely investigated with a Ca2+ imaging technique using confocal laser scanning microscopy with two fluorescent Ca2+ indicators. A rapid rise in [Ca2+]i occurred immediately after the application of ZP solution through a micropipette. The rise was always initiated in the sperm head, even when the application was directed toward the tail. The elevated [Ca2+]i was little attenuated during measurement for 30-40 s. Acrosomal exocytosis was detected as a sudden decrease of fluorescence in the acrosomal vesicle approximately 20 s after the onset of the [Ca2+]i rise. High-resolution imaging revealed that the [Ca2+]i rise in the sperm head began at the region around the equatorial segment and spread over the posterior region of the head within 0.6 s, whereas Ca2+ concentration in the acrosomal vesicle appeared to be unaltered. The [Ca2+]i rise was completely abolished under Ca2+-free extracellular conditions, indicating that it is totally attributable to Ca2+ influx. Nifedipine, an inhibitor of L-type Ca2+ channels, did not affect the rising phase of the ZP-induced Ca2+ response, but accelerated the decline of the [Ca2+]i rise and inhibited acrosomal exocytosis. The present study provides implicative information about the spatial organization of functional molecules involved in the signal transduction in mammalian AR. (+info)

Flow cytometric method to isolate round spermatids from mouse testis. (2/936)

The purpose of this study was to isolate pure populations of round spermatids from mouse testis by flow cytometry followed by cell sorting. Cell suspensions from mouse testis were enriched in germ cells by centrifugation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient, then analysed using a FACScalibur flow cytometer measuring the cell size and density. A large and well-delimited population of cells (R1) expected to contain round spermatids was observed on the dot plot diagram. Sorted R1 cells were very homogeneous in size (approximately 11 microns) and displayed the characteristic cytological aspect of round spermatids. Spermatid-specific gene expression was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of R1 cells using primers for protamine 2 gene (PRM2) and SP-10. A positive signal for SP-10 was obtained with a single cell using nested primers. The 5.5 kb transcript of c-kit, which is not expressed in spermatids, was not detected by nested RT-PCR, excluding a contamination with spermatogonia. Our results clearly established that flow cytometry followed by cell sorting allows the isolation of a highly homogeneous population of round spermatids from the testis. (+info)

Immunolocalization of CRES (Cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic) protein in the acrosomes of mouse spermatozoa. (3/936)

The CRES (cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic) protein is a member of the cystatin superfamily of cysteine protease inhibitors and exhibits highly restricted expression in the reproductive tract. We have previously shown that CRES protein is present in elongating spermatids in the testis and is synthesized and secreted by the proximal caput epididymal epithelium. The presence of CRES protein in developing germ cells and in the luminal fluid surrounding maturing spermatozoa prompted us to examine whether CRES protein is associated with spermatozoa. In the studies presented, indirect immunofluorescence, immunogold electron microscopy, and Western blot analysis demonstrated that CRES protein is localized in sperm acrosomes and is released during the acrosome reaction. Interestingly, while the 19- and 14-kDa CRES proteins were present in testicular and proximal caput epididymal spermatozoa, the 14-kDa CRES protein was the predominant form present in mid-caput to cauda epididymal spermatozoa. Furthermore, following the ionophore-induced acrosome reaction, CRES protein localization was similar to that of proacrosin/acrosin in that it was detected in the soluble fraction as well as associated with the acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. The presence of CRES protein in the sperm acrosome, a site of high hydrolytic and proteolytic activity, suggests that CRES may play a role in the regulation of intraacrosomal protein processing or may be involved in fertilization. (+info)

Actin filament-membrane attachment: are membrane particles involved? (4/936)

The association of actin filaments with membranes is an important feature in the motility of nonmuscle cells. We investigated the role of membrane particles in the attachment of actin filaments to membranes in those systems in which the attachment site can be identified. Freeze fractures through the end-on attachment site of the acrosomal filament bundles in Mytilus (mussel) and Limulus (horseshoe crab) sperm and the attachment site of the microvillar filament bundles in the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells were examined. There are no particles on the P face of the membrane at these sites in the sperm systems and generally none at these sites in microvilli. In microvilli, the actin filaments are also attached along their lengths to the membrane by bridges. When the isolated brush border is incubated in high concentrations of Mg++ (15 mM), the actin filaments form paracrystals and, as a result, the bridges are in register (330 A period). Under these conditions, alignment of the particles on the P face of the membrane into circumferential bands also occurs. However, these bands are generally separated by 800-900 A, indicating that all the bridges cannot be directly attached to membrane particles. Thus membrane particles are not directly involved in the attachment of actin filaments to membranes. (+info)

Acrosome formation during sperm transit through the epididymis in two marsupials, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). (5/936)

In certain Australian marsupials including the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), formation of the acrosome is not completed in the testis but during a complex differentiation process as spermatozoa pass through the epididymis. Using transmission and scanning electron microscopy this paper defined the process of acrosome formation in the epididymis, providing temporal and spatial information on the striking reorganisation of the acrosomal membranes and matrix and of the overlying sperm surface involved. On leaving the testis wallaby and possum spermatozoa had elongated 'scoop'-shaped acrosomes projecting from the dorsal surface of the head. During passage down the epididymis, this structure condensed into the compact button-like organelle found on ejaculated spermatozoa. This condensation was achieved by a complex process of infolding and fusion of the lateral projections of the 'scoop'. In the head of the epididymis the rims of the lateral scoop projections became shorter and thickened and folded inwards, to eventually meet midway along the longitudinal axis of the acrosome. As spermatozoa passed through the body of the epididymis the lateral projections fused together. Evidence of this fusion of the immature outer acrosomal membrane is the presence of vesicles within the acrosomal matrix which persist even in ejaculated spermatozoa. When spermatozoa have reached the tail of the epididymis the acrosome condenses into its mature form, as a small button-like structure contained within the depression on the anterior end of the nucleus. During the infolding process, the membranes associated with the immature acrosome are either engulfed into the acrosomal matrix (outer acrosomal membrane), or eliminated from the sperm head as tubular membrane elements (cytoplasmic membrane). Thus the surface and organelles of the testicular sperm head are transient structures in those marsupials with posttesticular acrosome formation and this must be taken into consideration in attempts to dissect the cell and molecular biology of fertilisation. (+info)

Real-time observation of acrosomal dispersal from mouse sperm using GFP as a marker protein. (6/936)

We produced transgenic mouse lines that accumulate mutated green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in sperm acrosome, a membrane limited organelle overlying the nucleus. The sperm showed normal fertilizing ability and the integrity of their acrosome was easily examined in a non-invasive manner by tracing the GFP in individual 'live' sperm with fluorescent microscopy. The time required for the dispersal of acrosomal contents was demonstrated to be approximately 3 s after the onset of acrosome reaction. (+info)

Scanning electron-microscopical and other observations of sperm fertilization reactions in Limulus polyphemus L. (Merostomata: Xiphosura). (7/936)

Sperm fertilization reactions of Limulus polyphemus were examined by scanning electron and/or light microscopy. The following were considered: sperm motility, attachment of sperm to egg, acrosome reaction, and penetration of the acrosomal filament. The spermatozoa after semination are non-motile and become active only in close proximity to a defined region surrounding the egg. Egg materials diffusing into this region induce sperm motility and stimulate large numbers of spermatozoa to move towards the egg surface. Each sperm initially attaches by the apical tip and undergoes the acrosome reaction which causes a more permanent secondary attachment by the adhesion of acrosomal contents to the egg surface. The acrosome reaction also initiates the penetration of the acrosomal filament through the egg envelope, an event occurring in 70-80% of the attached spermatozoa (about 10(6). Shortly after this penetration, a secondary reaction occurs which involves a spiralling of the flagellum and an incorporation into the sperm body of the flagellar fibrous components, which then become closely apposed to the sperm nucleus. These sperm fertilization reactions were performed or initiated with 0-34 M CaCl2 in whole eggs, egg sections, excised egg envelopes and/or the outer basement lamina of the egg envelope. The Limulus fertilization system is very valuable since sperm reactions can be examined biochemically, which may lead to a better understanding of the chemical mechanisms involved in sperm-egg interactions in all animal species. (+info)

Identification of Rab3A GTPase as an acrosome-associated small GTP-binding protein in rat sperm. (8/936)

The acrosome reaction is a membrane fusion event that is prerequisite for sperm penetration through the zona pellucida. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in membrane fusion, the expression and localization of Rab proteins, a subfamily of small GTPases that have been shown to play key roles in regulation of intracellular membrane traffic and exocytosis, were examined in rat testis and sperm. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot analysis, and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that Rab3A protein, which is thought to be involved in regulation of exocytosis in neurons and endocrine cells, is associated with the sperm acrosome. The protein was undetectable in acrosome-free heads prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Immunogold electron microscopy performed on ultrathin cryosections provided further evidence that Rab3A protein is associated with the acrosomal membrane. Acrosome reaction assays revealed that synthetic peptide of the Rab3 effector domain inhibited acrosomal exocytosis triggered by calcium ionophore A23187 in a concentration-dependent fashion, suggesting that Rab3A acts as an inhibitory regulator in the acrosome reaction. In view of the putative role of Rab3A protein in membrane fusion systems, these results suggest that Rab3A could be involved in regulating the mammalian acrosome reaction by controlling the membrane fusion system in sperm. (+info)

"acrosome definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-10-31. Retrieved 2007-08-15. Forgács, G.; ... the front part of the spermatozoan head is capped by an acrosome which contains digestive enzymes to break down the zona ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_embryonic_development

Equatorin, sperm acrosome associated is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EQTN gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: Equatorin, sperm acrosome associated". Ruiz A, Pujana MA, Estivill X (December 2000). "Isolation and ... is related to acrosome formation in murine testis". FEBS Letters. 580 (17): 4266-73. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.06.010. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EQTN

... could then be followed by the acrosome reaction where the cap-like structure on the head of the cell releases ... Some definitions consider sperm activation to consist of these two processes of hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperactivation

Sperm guidance Acrosome reaction Oocyte Wessel, GM; Brooks, JM; Green, E; Haley, S; Voronina, E; Wong, J; Zaydfudim, V; Conner ... "Egg-jelly signal molecules for triggering the acrosome reaction in starfish spermatozoa". The International Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_jelly

IP3 binds to IP3 receptors, present in acrosome membrane. In addition, calcium and DAG together work to activate protein kinase ... To have the ability to fertilize the female gamete, this cell suffers capacitation and acrosome reaction in female reproductive ... This hormone activates AKT that leads to activation of other protein kinases, involved in capacitation and acrosome reaction. ... Abou-haila, A; Tulsiani, DR (1 May 2009). "Signal transduction pathways that regulate sperm capacitation and the acrosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

... can be used to fluorescently tag the acrosome of sperm cells, which can be then used to assess the status of the acrosome using ... Lu HY, Lu JC, Hu YA, Wang YM, Huang YF (2002). "[Detection of human sperm morphology and acrosome reaction with Coomassie ... Ozaki T, Takahashi K, Kanasaki H, Miyazaki K (2002). "Evaluation of acrosome reaction and viability of human sperm with two ... These media can be supplemented with other chemicals to induce hyperactivated sperm motility and/or the acrosome reaction. For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitation

Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPACA3 gene. It may be involved in ... "Entrez Gene: SPACA3 sperm acrosome associated 3". Niyonsaba F, Ogawa H (2006). "Protective roles of the skin against infection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPACA3

This is because the acrosome reaction has to take place and thousands of sperm cells have to be involved in IVF. Once ... With this method, the acrosome reaction is skipped. There are several differences within classic IVF and ICSI. However, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection

The lack of acrosome can be ascertained by a technique known as immunofluorescence. Until 1995, the only options for people ... Kang-Decker, N.; Mantchev, G. T.; Juneja, S. C.; McNiven, M. A.; van Deursen, J. M. (2001-11-16). "Lack of acrosome formation ... Given the absence of the acrosome, these sperm are unable to penetrate the oocyte and are unable to achieve fertilization ... There are two types of globozoospermia: Type 1 globozoospermia exhibits a complete lack of acrosome and acrosomal enzymes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globozoospermia

SPACA3: Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 3. *SPAG5: encoding protein Sperm-associated antigen 5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_17_(human)

Michaut M, De Blas G, Tomes CN, Yunes R, Fukuda M, Mayorga LS (July 2001). "Synaptotagmin VI participates in the acrosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYT6

The acrosome is derived from the Golgi apparatus and contains hydrolytic enzymes important for fusion of the spermatozoon with ... Many changes occur during this process: the DNA in nuclei becomes condensed; the acrosome develops as a structure close to the ... Kierszenbaum AL, Rivkin E, Tres LL (November 2003). "Acroplaxome, an F-actin-keratin-containing plate, anchors the acrosome to ... Kierszenbaum AL, Tres LL (November 2004). "The acrosome-acroplaxome-manchette complex and the shaping of the spermatid head". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acroplaxome

The second process in sperm activation is the acrosome reaction. This involves releasing the contents of the acrosome, which ... As the spermatozoon approaches the egg, it undergoes the acrosome reaction in which the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses ... There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with ... Above the nucleus lies a cap-like structure called the acrosome, formed by modification of the Golgi body, which secretes the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatozoon

ZP3 is then involved in the induction of the acrosome reaction, whereby a spermatozoon releases the contents of the acrosomal ... This structure binds spermatozoa, and is required to initiate the acrosome reaction. In the mouse (the best characterised ... They bind to capacitated spermatozoa and induce the acrosome reaction. Successful fertilization depends on the ability of sperm ... and enable the acrosome reaction for the successful adhesion and penetration by the sperm cell. The major glycoproteins of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_pellucida

This is due to the fact that in IVF acrosome reaction has to take place and thousands of sperm cells have to be involved. Once ... With this method acrosome reaction is skipped. ICSI is used in the 95% of oocytes in the world. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection?wprov=sfla1

After the acrosome reaction, the sperm is believed to remain bound to the zona pellucida through exposed ZP2 receptors. These ... In mammals, the binding of the spermatozoon to the GalT initiates the acrosome reaction. This process releases the ... Additionally, heparin-like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are released near the oocyte that promote the acrosome reaction.[26] ... binds to the N-acetylglucosamine residues on the ZP3 and is important for binding with the sperm and activating the acrosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilization

Identification of the outer acrosome membrane in sperm, indicating acrosome integrity. List of histologic stains that aid in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut_agglutinin

The Golgi apparatus surrounds the now condensed nucleus, becoming the acrosome. Maturation then takes place under the influence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spermatogenesis

... s in the acrosomal membrane of sperm acidify the acrosome. This acidification activates proteases required to drill ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-ATPase

Glycodelin F is thereby important to prevent a premature acrosome reaction. Found in Cumulus Oophorus, stimulates binding of ... thereby inhibiting acrosome reaction and sperm-egg binding. Upon de-glycosilation, glycodelin F dissociates from the sperm and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAEP

... is released from the acrosome of spermatozoa as a consequence of the acrosome reaction. It aids in the penetration of ... Acrosin is the major proteinase present in the acrosome of mature spermatozoa. It is stored in the acrosome in its precursor ... Upon stimulus, the acrosome releases its contents onto the zona pellucida. After this reaction occurs, the zymogen form of the ... Thus, some argue for its role in assisting in the dispersal of acrosomal contents following the acrosome reaction, while others ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosin

The acrosome should ideally occupy between the 40-70% of the head. Cases where IMSI may be used: High levels of DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracytoplasmic_morphologically_selected_sperm_injection

... and Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation on Capacitation and the Spontaneous Acrosome Reaction of Hamster Sperm". Biology of ... "Analysis of CAPZA3 localization reveals temporally discrete events during the acrosome reaction". Journal of Cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Visconti

2002). "Lack of acrosome formation in mice lacking a Golgi protein, GOPC". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (17): 11211-6. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GOPC

1995). "Human SP-10: acrosomal distribution, processing, and fate after the acrosome reaction". Biol. Reprod. 51 (6): 1222-31. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACRV1

Bleil JD, Wassarman PM (July 1990). "Identification of a ZP3-binding protein on acrosome-intact mouse sperm by photoaffinity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocontraception

NYD-SP27 is a unique DF as it is intrinsic to the sperm acrosome and inhibits the action of phospholipase C that is necessary ... However, some DFs have been identified that are located on the acrosome of sperm. Normally, capacitation is initiated through ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapacitation_factor

... and acrosome of developing spermatids". J. Cell Biol. 137 (3): 657-69. doi:10.1083/jcb.137.3.657. PMC 2139879. PMID 9151672. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNC1

... lacking flagella and acrosomes. When self-inseminated, the wild-type worm lays about 300 eggs. When inseminated by a male, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caenorhabditis_elegans

This shedding of the acrosome, or acrosome reaction, can be stimulated in vitro by substances a sperm cell may encounter ... The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals ... This can be done to serve as a positive control when assessing the acrosome reaction of a sperm sample by flow cytometry or ... Acroplaxome "acrosome definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta". Archived from the original on 2009-02-14. Retrieved 2007-08-15. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosome

Only sperm that have undergone the acrosome reaction can fuse with egg plasma membrane. The acrosome reaction is characterized ... The acrosome is a large lysosome-like vesicle overlying the sperm nucleus. This spermatid specific organelle, derived from the ...

https://www.uniprot.org/locations/SL-0007

Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction, which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome ... At least 200 cells are considered arbitrarily and classified as either acrosome intact (fluorescing bright green), or acrosome ... the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane of the sperms head, exposing the contents of the acrosome ... The acrosome is a cap-like structure over the anterior half of the sperms head. As the sperm approaches the zona pellucida of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrosome_reaction

... are localized into the apical acrosome and are expected to be involved in signal transduction pathways directing the acrosome ... The acrosome reaction (AR) is a process of membrane fusion and lytic enzyme release, which enables sperm to penetrate the egg ... The acrosome status was monitored by PNA lectin and there was near to zero blocking of the acrosome exocytosis caused by ... AC - Acrosome Cap, rAC - residual Acrosome Cap, aES - apical Equatorial Segment, ES - Equatorial Segment, WSH - Whole Sperm ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33714?error=cookies_not_supported&code=04bb9f67-09e6-4ad5-9ff4-5151d7c6caaa

Acrosome reaction. The acrosome reaction was induced by incubation of spermatozoa in supplemented mHTF media with 20 mM calcium ... Schematic representation of the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. (A) The acrosome reaction of capacitated spermatozoa ... The acrosome reaction is a large exocytosis event that is induced in vivo when spermatozoa bind to the zona pellucida of the ... Disruption of mouse CD46 causes an accelerated spontaneous acrosome reaction in sperm. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003. 23:2614-2622. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/23213

sperm acrosome associated 9provided by MGI. Primary source. MGI:MGI:1917237 See related. Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000026809 Gene type. ... yet it complexes with calcium-binding proteins localizing to the acrosome. Title: A mouse protein that localizes to acrosome ... A mouse protein that localizes to acrosome and sperm tail is regulated by Y-chromosome. Bhattacharya R, et al. BMC Cell Biol, ... Spaca9 sperm acrosome associated 9 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ] Gene ID: 69987, updated on 25-Sep-2020 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/69987

The sperm acrosome reaction and penetration of the egg follow zona pellucida binding only if the sperm has previously undergone ... Induction of the acrosome reaction in capacitated cells initiated fast F-actin breakdown. Incubation of sperm in media lacking ... Remodeling of the Actin Cytoskeleton During Mammalian Sperm Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction. ... as assessed by the ability of the cells to undergo the acrosome reaction. Inhibition of F-actin formation by cytochalasin D ...

https://bioone.org/journals/biology-of-reproduction/volume-68/issue-3/biolreprod.102.009233/Remodeling-of-the-Actin-Cytoskeleton-During-Mammalian-Sperm-Capacitation-and/10.1095/biolreprod.102.009233.short

Further analysis revealed that compartments in the sperm known as acrosomes, which contain proteins that breakdown the outer ... Miller DJ (1999) Simple histochemical stain for acrosomes on sperm from several species. ... clumping of acrosomes, misaligned spermatids and the absence of normal elongated spermatids in Ehd1 -/- males. ...

https://www.wordnik.com/words/acrosomes

SPACA5 (sperm acrosome associated 5). HGNC. Ensembl, OMA, OrthoDB, Panther, Treefam. Canis lupus familiaris (dog):. LOC480901 ( ... sperm acrosome associated 5B. Description:. Predicted to have lysozyme activity. Predicted to be involved in defense response ... Spaca5 (sperm acrosome associated 5) Alliance. DIOPT (Ensembl Compara, InParanoid, OMA, OrthoFinder, PANTHER). ... Spaca5 (sperm acrosome associated 5) Alliance. DIOPT (Ensembl Compara, HGNC, InParanoid, OMA, OrthoFinder, OrthoInspector, ...

https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=1603416

With R123, the FI increased in the capacitated sperm but decreased in the acrosome-reacted sperm, with significant differences ... the acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic event induced by calcium influx, enabling the spermatozoa to penetrate the zona ... R. Fierro, M. C. Bene, B. Foliguet, G. C. Faure and G. Grignon, "Evaluation of Human Sperm Acrosome Reaction and Viability by ... With R123, the FI increased in the capacitated sperm but decreased in the acrosome-reacted sperm, with significant differences ...

https://scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=28893

What is Acrosome reaction? Meaning of Acrosome reaction as a finance term. What does Acrosome reaction mean in finance? ... Definition of Acrosome reaction in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... The Mammalian Sperm Acrosome and the Acrosome Reaction.. Localization and Identification of Tyrosine Phosphorylated Proteins in ... Prostasome-like vesicles stimulate acrosome reaction of pig spermatozoa.. Evaluation of acrosome integrity in epidydimal alpaca ...

https://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Acrosome+reaction

These results suggest that the sperm acrosome reaction is associated with both a primary transport of Ca2+ and a Ca2+-dependent ... Because a cyclic AMP analogue did not induce an acrosome reaction in the absence of added Ca2+, the increase in sperm cyclic ... In contrast to capacitation, the acrosome reaction failed to occur in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. After capacitation of ... Calcium-dependent increase in adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea pig spermatozoa. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/76/11/5699?ijkey=be001f3ca22ad15744a3ec8aa9447a24fdcf59a3&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... i and elicit the acrosome reaction (AR) via a non-genomic cell surface receptor. Progesterone promotes a transient elevation in ... Rapid non-genomic actions of progesterone stimulate Ca2+ influx and the acrosome reaction in human sperm Cell Signal. 1993 Sep; ... i and elicit the acrosome reaction (AR) via a non-genomic cell surface receptor. Progesterone promotes a transient elevation in ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8312130/?dopt=Abstract

The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is essential to fertilization and is believed to be initiated in vivo by ZP3, a ... Jung-Ho Son and Stanley Meizel "Evidence Suggesting That the Mouse Sperm Acrosome Reaction Initiated by the Zona Pellucida ... Jung-Ho Son, Stanley Meizel "Evidence Suggesting That the Mouse Sperm Acrosome Reaction Initiated by the Zona Pellucida ... Evidence Suggesting That the Mouse Sperm Acrosome Reaction Initiated by the Zona Pellucida Involves an α7 Nicotinic ...

https://bioone.org/journals/biology-of-reproduction/volume-68/issue-4/biolreprod.102.011163/Evidence-Suggesting-That-the-Mouse-Sperm-Acrosome-Reaction-Initiated-by/10.1095/biolreprod.102.011163.short

"Acrosome" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings ... Acrosome, derived from LYSOSOMES, is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the required hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes ... alpha-SNAP and NSF are required in a priming step during the human sperm acrosome reaction. Mol Hum Reprod. 2005 Jan; 11(1):43- ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Acrosome" by people in this website by year, and whether " ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/116771

A form of cellular exocytosis that allows sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida of ovulated eggs Explanation of acrosome ... Looking for acrosome reaction? Find out information about acrosome reaction. ... Related to acrosome reaction: Cortical reaction, capacitation. acrosome reaction. [′ak·rə‚sōm rē‚ak·shən] (cell and molecular ... Acrosome reaction , Article about acrosome reaction by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/acrosome ...

https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/acrosome+reaction

... has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. While several PDE genes exist ... Enhancement of motility and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: differential activation by type-specific phosphodiesterase ... PDE4 inhibitors enhanced sperm motility over controls without affecting the acrosome reaction, while PDE1 inhibitors ... has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. While several PDE genes exist ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9647555/

Recombinant Sperm Acrosome Associated 1 (SPACA1) Protein (GST tag). Species: Human. Source: Wheat germ. Order product ... Sperm Acrosome Associated 1 (SPACA1) Background. Full Gene Name: sperm acrosome associated 1. Synonyms: MGC32952,SAMP32. Gene ... Sperm Acrosome Associated 1 (SPACA1) (AA 1-294) protein (GST tag) Protein SPACA1 Origin: Human Source: Wheat germ Recombinant ... Sperm Acrosome Associated 1 (SPACA1) Protein Type. Recombinant. Protein Characteristics. AA 1-294. Origin. Human. Source. Wheat ...

https://www.antibodies-online.com/protein/1321048/Sperm+Acrosome+Associated+1+SPACA1+AA+1-294+protein+GST+tag/

This website presents general information about Polsinelli and is not intended as legal advice nor should you consider it as such. You should not act upon this information without seeking professional counsel. Please keep in mind that merely contacting Polsinelli will not establish an attorney-client relationship. Polsinelli cannot represent you until the firm knows there would not be a conflict of interest, and the firm determines that it is otherwise able to accept the engagement. Accordingly, please do not send Polsinelli any information or documents until a formal attorney-client relationship has been established through an interview with an attorney and you get authorization in the form of an engagement letter from Polsinelli. Any information or documents sent prior to your receipt of an engagement letter cannot be treated as confidences, secrets or protected information of any nature.. ...

https://www.polsinelli.com/intelligence/targeted-and-restricted-complement-activation-on-acrosome-reacted-spermatozoa-01-01-2005

Sperm: knobbed acrosome. This item is available to registered subscribers only Sign up now to obtain ten tokens to view any ten ...

https://www.vetstream.com/treat/bovis/illustration/sperm-knobbed

... the Acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the sperm s head. It is a cap like structure derived from ... Acrosome. In spermatozoa (also known as sperm/sperm cell) of many animals, the Acrosome is an organelle. that develops over the ... acrosome - n. the caplike structure on the front end of a spermatozoon. It breaks down just before fertilization (the acrosome ... Acrosome formation is completed during testicular maturation. In Eutheria. n mammals. the acrosome contains digestive enzyme. s ...

https://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/155712/Acrosome

Aliquots of samples were used for western blot analysis, subjected to capacitation, and thereafter, acrosome reaction assays ... and in the acrosome reaction of sperm from Nelore bulls in vitro. Ejaculates of 10 sexually mature Nelore bulls were used. ... decreased the percentage of capacitated spermatozoa with a positive acrosome reaction (P , 0.05), indicating the involvement of ... and that the inactivation of tACE reduces the capacity of spermatozoa to undergo the acrosome reaction. ...

https://scirp.org/journal/papercitationdetails.aspx?paperid=91914&JournalID=191

Acrosome / metabolism*, ultrastructure. Actins / metabolism*. Amino Acid Sequence. Animals. Cell Nucleus / metabolism*, ... The ring is closely associated with the leading edge of the acrosome and to the nuclear envelope during the elongation of the ... The cytoskeletal plate, designated acroplaxome, anchors the developing acrosome to the nuclear envelope. The acroplaxome ... nucleates an F-actin-keratin-containing assembly with the purpose of stabilizing and anchoring the developing acrosome during ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Acroplaxome-F-actin-keratin-containing/14551252.html

Name the functions of the Acrosome. john Smith Name the functions of the Acrosome2011-09-01T05:14:20+00:00 ... Acrosome âˆ It is a cap9like structure present in the anterior part of the head of the sperm. It contains hyaluronidase enzyme ...

https://www.assignmenthelp.net/forum/topic/name-the-functions-of-the-acrosome/

Permeabilization of human spermatozoa with streptolysin-O: a model for the study of macromolecules involved on the acrosome ... It is concluded that the model could be eventually useful to study macromolecules involved on the acrosome reaction of human ... The study of the acrosome reaction (AR) of mammalian species is seriously limited by the fact that putative important ... a model for the study of macromolecules involved on the acrosome reaction. Presented at INABIS 98 - 5th Internet World ...

https://www.mcmaster.ca/inabis98/cellbio/yunes0152/index.html

Acrosome Reaction. Abstract:. The principal role of SNARE proteins is to arbitrate vesicle fusion to a target membrane. ... During the sperm acrosome reaction, the outer acrosomal membrane fuses at hundreds of points with the overlying plasma membrane ... Re-localization of SNARE proteins in mouse sperm prior to the acrosome reaction. Welcome to the IDEALS Repository. ... We hypothesize that syntaxin and synaptobrevin re-localize within the sperm plasma membrane prior to the acrosome reaction to ...

https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/78670

... as well as thapsigargins induction of the acrosome reaction, implicate IP3-gated calcium release in the mammalian acrosome ... Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors selectively localized to the acrosomes of mammalian sperm.. L D Walensky, S H Snyder ... In each species, IP3R immunostaining localized to the acrosome cap. Scatchard analysis of [3H]IP3 binding to rat sperm ... Calcium flux is required for the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction, an exocytotic event triggered by egg binding, which results ...

http://jcb.rupress.org/content/130/4/857

AHMAD, Mushtaq et al. Changes in motility, morphology, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity during stages of cryopreservation ... The percentage of sperm with normal acrosomes did not differ significantly due to dilution, cooling or equilibration (85.8 ± ... plasma membrane and acrosome integrity following cooling. ...

http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1019-91282014000100006&lng=en&nrm=iso

Stival C, Puga Molina Ldel C, Paudel B, Buffone MG, Visconti PE, Krapf D. Sperm Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction in Mammalian ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/14260744

在这里, 描述了两个中等吞吐量检测评估对 ca2+信号和顶体反应

https://www.jove.com/v/59212?language=Chinese

This can be done to serve as a positive control when assessing the acrosome reaction of a sperm sample by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
1993 ). Analysis of the responses of human spermatozoa to A23187 employing a novel technique for assessing the acrosome reaction. (biologists.org)

The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals including humans. (wikipedia.org)
In other cases, such as in the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, premature acrosome reactions have been found to cause increased motility in aggregates of spermatozoa promoting fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
Upon exposure of human spermatozoa to autologous serum or follicular fluid, we unexpectedly observed that acrosome-reacted spermatozoa activated the complement cascade efficiently through C3 but not beyond. (jci.org)
We discussed spermatogenesis -- how we got from a diploid spermatogonial stem cell to a haploid spermatid -- and then spermiogenesis -- the process by which the spermatids acquire the features of spermatozoa: tails, acrosomes and the like. (wordnik.com)
the acrosome reaction (AR) is an exocytotic event induced by calcium influx, enabling the spermatozoa to penetrate the zona pellucida. (scirp.org)
With R123, the FI increased in the capacitated sperm but decreased in the acrosome-reacted sperm, with significant differences between the fresh and capacitated spermatozoa. (scirp.org)
R. Fierro, H. González-Márquez, R. Ortiz, J. Chevrier and B. Foliguet, "Fluorometric Viability Assessment of Capacitated and Acrosome-Reacted Boar Spermatozoa by Flow Cytometry," Optics and Photonics Journal , Vol. 3 No. 1, 2013, pp. 40-44. (scirp.org)
Prostasome-like vesicles stimulate acrosome reaction of pig spermatozoa. (thefreedictionary.com)
After the incubation, acrosome reaction rates and tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the spermatozoa were evaluated. (thefreedictionary.com)
Assessment of hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and motility characteristics of spermatozoa from semen of men of proven fertility and unexplained infertility. (thefreedictionary.com)
Intracellular calcium store depletion and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa: role of calcium and plasma membrane potential. (thefreedictionary.com)
Staining procedures to detect viability and the true acrosome reaction in spermatozoa of various species. (thefreedictionary.com)
After capacitation of spermatozoa in a Ca 2+ -free medium, addition of Ca 2+ caused an increase in sperm cyclic AMP concentrations within 1 min and a maximal number of spermatozoa showing an acrosome reaction within 10 min. (pnas.org)
Neither 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine nor 8-Br cyclic AMP induced an acrosome reaction in capacitated spermatozoa in the absence of Ca 2+ , but both significantly decreased the time required for maximal expression of the acrosome reaction in the presence of Ca 2+ . (pnas.org)
However, it has been reported that glucose is an essential component for inducing the acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and for supporting fertilization in mice (Fraser and Quinn, 1981). (thefreedictionary.com)
Structural comparisons among glycosaminoglycans to promote an acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa. (thefreedictionary.com)
In spermatozoa (also known as sperm/sperm cell) of many animals, the Acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the sperm's head. (academic.ru)
Our results suggest that permeabilization of human spermatozoa with SLO does not affect the intrinsic capability of the acrosome to respond to usual stimuli. (mcmaster.ca)
It is concluded that the model could be eventually useful to study macromolecules involved on the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. (mcmaster.ca)
For spermatozoa to gain access to the oocyte for fertilization, lytic enzymes need to be released during the acrosome reaction. (sun.ac.za)
These enzymes, which are stored and transported within an organelle termed the acrosome, make it possible for spermatozoa to collectively penetrate the layers of cells and glycoproteins that surround and protect an oocyte. (sun.ac.za)
In addition to the acrosome being necessary for normal unassisted fertilization, spermatozoa also need the ability to migrate to the oocyte. (sun.ac.za)
Our results indicated that for a post-swim-up population of spermatozoa an increase in the average acrosome size was significantly related to a decrease in the kinematic parameters VAP, VCL and the VSL within the same population. (sun.ac.za)
After completion of acrosome reaction studies, patient samples were divided according to the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa. (sun.ac.za)
An autosomal recessive infertility disorder (OMIM:102530) characterised by spermatogenesis defects (especially of the acrosome, which can be completely absent in severe cases), variably accompanied by abnormal nuclear shape and abnormal arrangement of mitochondria of spermatozoa. (thefreedictionary.com)
The effect of pulsed 900-MHz GSM mobile phone radiation on the acrosome reaction, head morphometry and zona binding of human spermatozoa. (emf-portal.org)
Progesterone in mare follicular fluid induces the acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa and enhances in vitro binding to the zona pellucida. (semanticscholar.org)
The aim of this study was to investigate whether mare follicular fluid (FF) induces the acrosome reaction (AR) in stallion spermatozoa and, if so, to identify the component in FF responsible for it. (semanticscholar.org)
The objective of the study was twofold: 1) to investigate the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure on sperm head morphometry and the acrosome response and 2) to evaluate the consequence of exposure on the spermatozoa 's zona pellucida -binding capacity. (emf-portal.org)
Acrosome - In spermatozoa (also known as sperm/sperm cell) of many animals, the Acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the sperm s head. (enacademic.com)
a sequence of structural changes seen in spermatozoa in the vicinity of an oocyte in the uterine tube, believed to facilitate their entry into the oocyte: the outer membrane of the acrosome fuses at multiple points with the overlying plasma membrane of the head of the spermatozoon, creating openings through which enzymes of the acrosome are liberated. (en-academic.com)
Mouse spermatozoa were capacitated and acrosome reacted by incubation for 30 min to 6 h in modified Tyrode's medium (T6) and in cGMP. (monash.edu)
These rates were not correlated to the percentage of acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa identified after these treatments. (monash.edu)
Both acrosome‐intact and acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa were identified under the zona in the eggs which failed to fertilize. (monash.edu)
In addition, acrosome status of treated-spermatozoa was evaluated by FITC-PNA staining. (biomedcentral.com)
Significant increases of nitric oxide levels and acrosome reaction extent were detected in leptin-treated spermatozoa, but both the effects were reversed in presence of L -NAME. (biomedcentral.com)
Pentoxifylline induces capacitation and acrosome reaction and improves quality of motility in canine ejaculated spermatozoa. (semanticscholar.org)
In comprehensive view, it appears that the bulls with pattern 2 of exon 1+pattern 2 of exon 2+pattern 1 of exon 3 could be used as a marker for selecting higher sperm concentration, mass motility, live spermatozoa acrosome integrity and membrane integrity. (freethesaurus.com)
After their nucleus condenses and is covered by an acrosome cap, elongated spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa, followed by their release into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. (freethesaurus.com)
At fertilization , spermatozoa bind to the zona pellucida (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3) surrounding ovulated mouse eggs, undergo Acrosome exocytosis and penetrate the zona matrix before gamete fusion. (idexlab.com)
The function of the Acrosome is also affected by the state of capacitation of the spermatozoa. (idexlab.com)
Morphologically, the spermatozoa of some non-mammalian species do not have Acrosome s, but in those spermatozoa that do, the Acrosome lies on the anterior aspect of the sperm head. (idexlab.com)
These enzymes clear a. acrosome reaction - Chemical change within the spermatozoa following binding to the zona pellucida, only acrosome reacted spermatozoa have an ability to fuse with oocytes. (axendadeportiva.com)
The acrosome is an spermatozoa (sperm cells) of many animals. (gutenberg.us)
Morphological abonormalities in the acrosome and nucleus of boar spermatozoa. (koreascience.or.kr)
Spermatozoa are highly regulated processes that consist of differentiated cells based on a head, mid-piece, and tail while the mammalian sperm head is composed of a nucleus and acrosome. (frontiersin.org)
Genetically modified mouse spermatozoa were employed in a chemotaxis assay under fluorescence microscopy to evaluate their acrosome status while swimming, allowing us to elucidate the acrosome integrity of sperm responding to progesterone-induced chemotaxis. (uchile.cl)
Next, we found that acrosome-intact, but not acrosome-reacted, spermatozoa orient and respond to picomolar concentrations of progesterone and that chemotaxis normally occurs prior to the acrosome reaction. (uchile.cl)
The aim of the persent study is to evaluate the effect of vapor phase cryopreservation on acrosome of spermatozoa of subfertile and fertile men. (jri.ir)
Results: Before vapor phase cryopreservation, mean percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosome in subfertile men and fertile men were 26±3.64 and 33.37±4.07, respectively, but it decreased following vapor phase cryopreservation-thawing to 11.6±1.82 in subfertile and 9.87±2.97 in fertile men. (jri.ir)
Peirouvi T, Ghaffari M, Soleimanirad J, Farzadi L. Effect of vapor phase cryopreservation on acrosome of spermatozoa in fertile and subfertile men. (jri.ir)
Purohit B.S., Laloraya M., Kumar P.G. Role of ions and ion channels in capacition and acrosome reaction of spermatozoa. (jri.ir)
Rossato M., Virgilio F., Rizzuto R., Galeazzi C., Foresta C. Intracellular calcium store depletion and acrosome reaction inhuman spermatozoa: role of calcium and plasma membrane potential. (jri.ir)
Michaut M., De Blas G., Tomes C.N., Yunes R., Fukuda M., Mayorgal S: Synaptotagmin VI participates in the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa. (jri.ir)
Foresta C., Rossato M., Virgilio F. Extracellul-ar ATP is a trigger for the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa. (jri.ir)
Tomiyama T., Ohashi K., Tsutsui T., Saji F., Tanizawa O. Acrosome reaction induced in a limited population of human spermatozoa by progesterone (Ca2+-dependent) and ATP (CA2+-independent). (jri.ir)
blocking these channels inhibits the acrosome reaction but what calcium does inside the spermatozoa is not very clear. (stackexchange.com)
By immunoblot analyses and immunofluorescence microscopy, we found TEKT1 to be present in sperm flagella and at the apical region of acrosome cap in spermatozoa of all these species. (elsevier.com)
Acrosome-associated TEKT1 disappeared after in vitro acrosome reaction in mouse spermatozoa. (elsevier.com)
To explore the impact of moulting and short-term chilled storage of spermatophores on the sperm quality for a commercially important penaeid prawn, spermatozoa of Penaeus monodon from early (B-C), middle (D0-1) and late (D2-3) moult stages were compared for sperm quality parameters relating to the structural integrity of plasma membrane (Viab%), acrosome (AR%) and DNA (SDF%) after being stored at 4°C for 0-26 days. (qld.gov.au)
This study has successfully demonstrated the moult-related variance in the percentages of acrosome-reacted and DNA-damaged spermatozoa, providing evidence of moult-related spermatophore renewal cycle in this species. (qld.gov.au)

A stimulatory effect of methyl xanthine on capacitation and acrosome reaction has also been demonstrated (Aitken et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
Sperm Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction in Mammalian Sperm. (umassmed.edu)
Stival C, Puga Molina Ldel C, Paudel B, Buffone MG, Visconti PE, Krapf D. Sperm Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction in Mammalian Sperm. (umassmed.edu)
Recent studies have reported leptin ability to promote capacitation and acrosome reaction in pig male gametes. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects of pentoxifylline and progesterone on human sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. (semanticscholar.org)
Reactive oxygen species requirements for bovine sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. (freethesaurus.com)
Sperm signal transduction mechanisms of capacitation and acrosome reaction Figure 1. (axendadeportiva.com)
Human sperm motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction are impaired by 2-arachidonoylglycerol endocannabinoid. (freedomwares.ca)

NOX5 enzyme activity is not important in unstimulated sperm motility, acrosome reaction , and sperm viability. (thefreedictionary.com)
From Table 2 the percentages of motility, viability, plasma membrane intact, the highest capacitation and the lowest acrosome reaction of the three treatments medium is treatment II (P2) (the medium Insulin Like Growth Factor I Complex). (thefreedictionary.com)
A functional plasma membrane is important for maintaining homeostasis, sperm motility, capacita-tion, acrosome reaction and other events related to fertilization (Jayendran et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
Last, the roles of egg jelly and vitelline envelope in inducing a sperm acrosome reaction and enhancing motility were demonstrated. (thefreedictionary.com)
One study showed that saquinavir, commonly used in HAART regimens, results in decreased sperm motility in vitro and negatively affects mechanisms that are essential to fertilization of an oocyte such as the acrosome reaction (50). (thefreedictionary.com)
Inhibition of sperm phosphodiesterase (PDE) has been shown to increase cAMP concentrations and stimulate motility and the acrosome reaction. (nih.gov)
To evaluate the functional significance of different PDE forms, the effect of type-specific PDE inhibition on sperm motility and the acrosome reaction was examined. (nih.gov)
PDE4 inhibitors enhanced sperm motility over controls without affecting the acrosome reaction, while PDE1 inhibitors selectively stimulated the acrosome reaction. (nih.gov)
In conclusion, frozen thawed sperm showed maximum damage to motility, morphology, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity following cooling. (scielo.org.za)
Linhart, Otomar 2012-06-17 00:00:00 In the present review, sperm morphology, acrosome reaction, motility, short-term storage and cryopreservation are summarized and discussed in sturgeon (Chondrostei, Acipenseriformes). (deepdyve.com)
This study was designed to analyze boar sperm to compare motility, acrosome morphology, viability and ATP by various preservation methods between Duroc boar A with cold shock resistance sperm and Duroc boar B with cold shock sensitivity sperm. (koreascience.or.kr)
Semen volume, sperm concentration, motility and normal acrosome between Duroc boar A and B did not show any differences within 2 h after collection. (koreascience.or.kr)
At the cell biology level, capacitation induces changes in the sperm motility pattern known as hyperactivated movement and prepares the sperm to undergo an exocytotic process known as the acrosome reaction. (springer.com)
In this work, we have demonstrated that 2AG induces the spontaneous acrosome reaction and reduces progressive motility in fresh human sperm. (freedomwares.ca)
In summary, 2AG affects the in vitro functionality of human sperm by reducing motility, inhibiting capacitation and triggering the acrosome reaction. (freedomwares.ca)

The acrosome reaction is characterized by multiple fusions of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm cell membrane. (uniprot.org)
Seminiferous tubules showed disruption of the normal spermatogenic cycle with abnormal acrosomal development on round spermatids, clumping of acrosomes , misaligned spermatids and the absence of normal elongated spermatids in Ehd1 -/- males. (wordnik.com)
During the sperm acrosome reaction, the outer acrosomal membrane fuses at hundreds of points with the overlying plasma membrane, resulting in release of the acrosomal contents. (illinois.edu)
The presence of G alpha q/11, PLC beta 1 and a functional IP3R in the anterior acrosomal region of mammalian sperm, as well as thapsigargin's induction of the acrosome reaction, implicate IP3-gated calcium release in the mammalian acrosome reaction. (rupress.org)
When sperm were induced to undergo the acrosome reaction with A23187 and incubated with their discharged acrosomal contents, a further band was produced with an M(r) of 30 × 10(3). (biologists.org)
Results were analysed and expressed as correlations between sperm morphology and acrosomal response to human solubilized zona pellucida, spontaneous and calcium ionophore induced acrosome reaction. (sun.ac.za)
In all cases, the contents of the Acrosome are enclosed by a single, continuous acrosomal membrane that can be further delineated into two sub domains. (idexlab.com)
The inner acrosomal membrane is closely opposed to the nuclear membranes, whereas the outer acrosomal membrane is present just under the plasma membrane overlying the Acrosome . (idexlab.com)
The acrosome facilitates the acrosomal reaction, which occurs when an egg cell and a sperm cell fuse together, leading to fertilization. (fertilitysmarts.com)
The acrosome is important during the earliest stages of fertilization, in a phase known as the acrosomal reaction. (fertilitysmarts.com)
This initiates a process called the acrosomal reaction in which the enzyme-filled "cap" of the sperm, called the acrosome, releases its stored digestive enzymes. (axendadeportiva.com)
Conclusion: It is concluded that vapor phase cryopreservation, impairs acrosome structure and causes destruction of acrosome and extrudes acrosomal enzymes in absence of oocyte. (jri.ir)
Soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) inhibits the catalytic activity of serine proteases, and has been shown to bind to acrosin, an acrosomal hydrolase which is not exposed on the surface of macaque sperm until after the acrosome reaction. (elsevier.com)
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed secondary labelling of anti-SBTI-IgG with colloidal gold in association with the acrosomal matrix and fused membranes of sperm undergoing the acrosome reaction, but gold labelling was not observed on acrosome-intact sperm. (elsevier.com)
When SBTI was conjugated with the fluorochrome Alexa 488, labelled (acrosome-reacted) sperm showed bright fluorescence that ranged from a patchy or punctate appearance to solid labelling over the region of the acrosomal cap. (elsevier.com)

As the sperm approaches the zona pellucida of the egg, which is necessary for initiating the acrosome reaction, the membrane surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane of the sperm's head, exposing the contents of the acrosome. (wikipedia.org)
Sperm that did not initiate the acrosome reaction prior to reaching to the zona pellucida are unable to penetrate the zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)
Since the acrosome reaction has already occurred, sperm are then able to penetrate the zona pellucida due to mechanical action of the tail, not because of the acrosome reaction itself. (wikipedia.org)
The acrosome reaction must occur before the sperm cell reaches the zona pellucida. (wikipedia.org)
This membrane is exposed after the acrosome reaction, an exocytosis event that occurs upon contact with the zona pellucida. (jci.org)
The sperm acrosome reaction and penetration of the egg follow zona pellucida binding only if the sperm has previously undergone the poorly understood maturation process known as capacitation. (bioone.org)
The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction (AR) is essential to fertilization and is believed to be initiated in vivo by ZP3, a glycoprotein component of the egg zona pellucida (ZP). (bioone.org)
Acrosome-intact mammalian sperm can adhere to zona pellucida-free oocytes but are only capable of fusing if they have previously undergone the acrosome reaction. (biologists.org)
Sperm samples from 29 men randomly selected from the andrology laboratory, were used to evaluate acrosome reaction response to solubilized human zona pellucida. (sun.ac.za)
ii) zona pellucida induction of the acrosome reaction is superior, as a predictor of sperm morphology, compared to calcium ionophore induced and spontaneous acrosome reactions. (sun.ac.za)
Sperm binding to the zona pellucida is not sufficient to induce Acrosome exocytosis. (idexlab.com)
A filter penetration assay suggests an alternative mechanism in which penetration into the zona matrix initiates a mechanosensory signal transduction necessary to trigger the Acrosome reaction. (idexlab.com)
Potential functions for the Acrosome involve issues of sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida , zona pellucida penetration, and gamete fusion. (idexlab.com)
The acrosome releases a digestive enzyme called acrosine, which dissolves the zona pellucida, allowing the sperm to penetrate the egg's membrane. (fertilitysmarts.com)
Misshapen or dysfunctional acrosomes can impede penetration, as they may not excrete the appropriate enzymes needed to break down the zona pellucida. (fertilitysmarts.com)
Misshapen or dysfunctional acrosomes can impede the penetration, as can acrosomes that do not excrete the appropriate hormones or enzymes needed to break down the zona pellucida. (fertilitysmarts.com)
During the acrosome reaction, the activation enzyme present in the sperm dissolves the corona radiata and zona pellucida enabling the sperm to reach the plasma membrane of the egg. (stackexchange.com)
In this paper, we describe the capacitation phenotype of sperm lacking the long isoform of β1,4-galactosyltransferase I (GalT I), a sperm surface protein that functions as a receptor for the zona pellucida glycoprotein, ZP3, and as an inducer of the acrosome reaction following ZP3-dependent aggregation. (biologists.org)
As expected, wild-type sperm must undergo capacitation in order to bind the zona pellucida and undergo a Ca 2+ ionophore-induced acrosome reaction. (biologists.org)
By contrast, GalT I-null sperm behave as though they are precociously capacitated, in that they demonstrate maximal binding to the zona pellucida and greatly increased sensitivity to ionophore-induced acrosome reactions without undergoing capacitation in vitro. (biologists.org)
Binding to the zona pellucida clusters the sperm receptor, activating intracellular signaling cascades that stimulate the exocytosis of the acrosome. (biologists.org)
Mouse sperm are unusual in that all of their GalT I is present on the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome, where it functions as a receptor for the major sperm-binding ligand in the zona pellucida, ZP3. (biologists.org)

This study focuses on the final, but the most dramatic mature sperm metamorphosis, called the acrosome reaction (AR), which is characterized by the controlled exocytosis of the single giant enzyme-rich secretory vesicle the acrosome. (nature.com)
At fertilization, the enzymatic content of the acrosome is released by exocytosis when a portion of the plasma membrane enveloping the sperm head fuses with the outer membrane of the acrosome. (mysciencework.com)
Our results suggest that premature commitment to acrosome exocytosis leads to navigation failure, so proper control and timing of the acrosome reaction is required for fertilization success and male fertility. (uchile.cl)

A sperm penetration assay includes an acrosome reaction test that assesses how well a sperm can perform during the fertilization process. (wikipedia.org)
Further analysis revealed that compartments in the sperm known as acrosomes , which contain proteins that breakdown the outer membrane of the egg so that a sperm can enter for fertilization to occur, were malformed. (wordnik.com)
Acrosome, derived from LYSOSOMES, is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the required hydrolytic and proteolytic enzymes necessary for sperm penetration of the egg in FERTILIZATION. (umassmed.edu)
It breaks down just before fertilization (the acrosome reaction), releasing a number of enzymes that assist penetration between the follicle cells that still surround the ovum. (academic.ru)
Acrosomes may thus be viewed as essential for fertilization and their shape, size and volume were examined morphometrically by utilizing automated morphometric analysis equipment. (sun.ac.za)
Acrosome reaction - During fertilization, the acrosome reaction is the reaction which occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. (en-academic.com)
Surprisingly, the Acrosome s of the bound sperm remain intact for at least 24 hours in the presence of uncleaved human ZP2 regardless of whether sperm are added before or after fertilization . (idexlab.com)
Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the functions of the sperm Acrosome while assessing the currently accepted model for the states of the Acrosome during fertilization . (idexlab.com)
Abnormal acrosomes can prevent fertilization and cause male-factor infertility. (fertilitysmarts.com)
If the acrosome reaction is not functioning in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), in which the sperm is injected in the egg may be necessary, whereas intrauterine injection (IUI) in which the sperm is placed within the cervix, will not be effective. (fertilitysmarts.com)
Often part of a sperm penetration assay, an acrosome reaction test assesses just how well sperm are able to perform during the fertilization process. (axendadeportiva.com)
The acrosome reaction test has much prediction of IVF fertilization than the semen analysis. (axendadeportiva.com)
The acrosome reaction is a crucial step during gamete interaction in all species, including by: The acrosome reaction normally occurs as sperm pass through envelope 1 during fertilization (Talbot et al. (axendadeportiva.com)
Mammalian sperm become fertilization-competent in the oviduct, during a process known as capacitation that involves the acquisition of the ability to exocytose the acrosome but also the chemotactic responses-both of which contribute to successful fertilization. (uchile.cl)
Fenichel P., Donzeau M., Farahifar D. Dynam- ics of human sperm acrosome reaction, relation with in vitro fertilization. (jri.ir)
Since some of the initial events of sperm-induced egg activation in lower species are accompanied by the hydrolysis of polyphosphoinositides, we examined the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) activators (phorbol diesters and diacylglycerols) and microinjected inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP 3 ) on sperm-ZP binding, the ZP-induced acrosome reaction, fertilization, and egg induced modifications of the ZP. (springer.com)

Results showed that syntaxin-positive volume and syntaxin content remained the same in capacitated and non-capacitated sperm but the location of syntaxin after capacitation was more restricted to the apical ridge of the plasma membrane overlying the acrosome in more than 90% of the sperm observed. (illinois.edu)

There are considerable species variations in the morphology and consequences of the acrosome reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Sperm morphology evaluated by strict criteria correlated positively and highly significantly with the responsiveness of the acrosome reaction (r=0.91, P=0.0001). (sun.ac.za)
Spontaneous and calcium ionophore induced acrosome reactions revealed no correlation with sperm morphology. (sun.ac.za)
My own interests happen to have centered in this field, and as a result of studies on the formation of the sperm in a variety of animals I have arrived at a fairly clear idea of What seem to me the fundamental features in the morphology of the idiosome, Golgi apparatus, and acrosome in the male germ cells. (edu.au)
Purpose: In this study, we investigated the relationship between functionality of the acrosome and sperm morphology. (axendadeportiva.com)

Therefore, sperm cells go through a process known as the acrosome reaction, which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome of the sperm as it approaches the egg. (wikipedia.org)

1993 ). Effects of cryopreservation on the human sperm acrosome and its response to A23187. (biologists.org)
There is little information about the effects of vapor phase cryopreservation on acrosome. (jri.ir)
The first portion was stained with triple staining to show the quality of acrosome and the second portion was stained after vapor phase cryopreservation and thawing. (jri.ir)

In Eutherian mammals the acrosome contains degradative enzymes (including hyaluronidase and acrosin). (wikipedia.org)
There is some evidence that this binding is what triggers the acrosome to release the enzymes that allow the sperm to fuse with the egg. (wikipedia.org)
acrosome - a cap over the nucleus of spermatozoan heads having enzymes involved in sperm penetration of the egg and possibly fusion of egg and sperm. (academic.ru)
Chapter 36 Animal Reproduction Vocabulary Acrosome - sac at the head of sperm containing enzymes to allow the sperm to enter an egg artificial insemination asexual reproduction - reproduction involving only one animal through repeated mitosis of cells. (coursehero.com)
Therefore, the expression of intracellular NOS enzymes has been also assessed and the possible involvement of NO in acrosome reaction triggered by leptin has been evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
Capacitation is a set of alterations leading to the acrosome reaction (AR), an exocytotic process by means of which hydrolytic enzymes (e.g., acrosin) are released to allow sperm to fertilize oocytes [ 1 ]. (mdpi.com)
During spermiogenesis, hydrolytic enzymes are sorted from the Golgi apparatus to the acrosome, a supranuclear megavesicle. (mysciencework.com)
Introduction: Acrosome is a cap-like structure which contains several hydrolytic enzymes necessary for acrosome reaction. (jri.ir)
The acrosome contains enzymes that break down the outer membrane of an egg cell, allowing the sperm to fertilize the egg. (medlineplus.gov)

In several species, the trigger for the acrosome reaction has been identified in a layer that surrounds the egg. (wikipedia.org)

TDRD12 was detected in early spermatocytes at 2 weeks and TDRD12 was localized at acrosome of the round spermatids. (koreascience.or.kr)
Peanut agglutinin staining revealed various abnormalities of acrosomes in Bscl2 -/- late spermatids, including the absence, irregular-shaped, and fragmented acrosomes, indicating defective acrosome formation in Bscl2 -/- late spermatids, which may affect late spermatid orientation in the seminiferous epithelium. (elsevier.com)

This shedding of the acrosome, or acrosome reaction, can be stimulated in vitro by substances a sperm cell may encounter naturally such as progesterone or follicular fluid, as well as the more commonly used calcium ionophore A23187. (wikipedia.org)
yet it complexes with calcium-binding proteins localizing to the acrosome. (nih.gov)
Calcium flux is required for the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction, an exocytotic event triggered by egg binding, which results in a dramatic rise in sperm intracellular calcium. (rupress.org)
We further found that SUMO-1 was lost if the acrosome reaction was induced by calcium ionophore A23187. (frontiersin.org)
Also calcium and magnesium ions play an important role in acrosome reaction [ ref ] . (stackexchange.com)
What I fail to understand is how exactly do calcium and magnesium ions play a key role in acrosome reaction? (stackexchange.com)
Following activation with caffeine and dibutyryl cAMP, cynomolgus macaque sperm were induced to acrosome react with calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of SBTI and were fixed for ultrastructural observation. (elsevier.com)
After 4-h incubation in the presence of rHuOVGP1, the number of acrosome-reacted sperm induced by calcium ionophore significantly increased. (bioscientifica.com)

Effects on human sperm function was assessed using an image cytometry-based acrosome reaction assay and the modified Kremer's sperm-mucus penetration assay. (frontiersin.org)

This induces the acrosome reaction causing the acrosome in green to fuse with the plasma membrane of the sperm. (stanford.edu)
This study evaluates the effect of Asta in a capacitating buffer which induces low ROS production and low percentages of acrosome-reacted cells (ARC). (mdpi.com)
In the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, egg jelly induces the degradation of sperm histones as well as the acrosome reaction. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)

The first stage is the penetration of corona radiata, by releasing hyaluronidase from the acrosome to digest cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte and exposing acrosin attached to the inner membrane of the sperm. (wikipedia.org)

R. Fierro, M. C. Bene, B. Foliguet, G. C. Faure and G. Grignon, "Evaluation of Human Sperm Acrosome Reaction and Viability by Flow Cytometry," Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, Vol. 103, No. 41998, pp. 75-84. (scirp.org)
Lectin-Binding Sites on Human Sperm During Acrosome Reaction: Modifications Judged by Electron Microscopy/Flow Cytometry," Archives of Andrology, Vol. 136, No. 3, 1996, pp. 187-196. (scirp.org)

Incubation of sperm in media lacking BSA or methyl-β-cyclodextrin, Ca 2 , or NaHCO 3 , components that are all required for capacitation, prevented actin polymerization as well as capacitation, as assessed by the ability of the cells to undergo the acrosome reaction. (bioone.org)

Only sperm that have undergone the acrosome reaction can fuse with egg plasma membrane. (uniprot.org)

This suggests that the acrosome reaction results in presentation of at least one novel epitope which plays a role in sperm-oocyte fusion. (biologists.org)

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against unfixed acrosome-reacted guinea pig sperm and screened by indirect immunofluorescence for binding to the equatorial segment. (biologists.org)

Both staining techniques were capable of detecting the increase in spontaneous acrosome reactions which occurs during in vitro capacitation of dog sperm. (elsevier.com)

Induction of the acrosome reaction in capacitated cells initiated fast F-actin breakdown. (bioone.org)
2006), induction of the acrosome reaction (Alves et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
The potential role of the jelly layer in sperm chemotaxis or induction of the acrosome reaction is unknown in dreissenids, although quantitative observations show both D. (thefreedictionary.com)
1978 ). The induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm by the divalent metal cation ionophore A23187. (biologists.org)
De Jonge C.J., Rawlins R.G., Zaneveld L.J. Induction of the human sperm acrosome reac- tion by human oocytes. (jri.ir)

abstract = "Cofactor for acrosome reaction-inducing substance (Co-ARIS) is a steroidal saponin from the starfish Asterias amurensis. (elsevier.com)

Acroplaxome, an F-actin-keratin-containing plate, anchors the acrosome to the nucleus during shaping of the spermatid head. (biomedsearch.com)
The ring is closely associated with the leading edge of the acrosome and to the nuclear envelope during the elongation of the spermatid head. (biomedsearch.com)
These findings lead to the suggestion that the acroplaxome nucleates an F-actin-keratin-containing assembly with the purpose of stabilizing and anchoring the developing acrosome during spermatid nuclear elongation. (biomedsearch.com)
A Sertoli cell-periacrosomal cisternal complex envelops the giant acrosome during spermatid maturation. (rupress.org)
These data demonstrate novel roles of seipin in spermatid chromatin integrity, acrosome formation, and mitochondrial activity. (elsevier.com)
Increased spermatid apoptosis, increased chromocenter fragmentation, defective chromatin condensation, abnormal acrosome formation, and defective mitochondrial activity contributed to decreased sperm production and defective sperm that resulted in Bscl2 -/- male infertility. (elsevier.com)

In mouse sperm the plasma membrane bounds (mACs) activated by G protein take a part in the acrosome reaction, and in chemotaxis and hyperactivation in human sperm. (axendadeportiva.com)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of $Ca^{2+}$ , $HCO_3{^-}$ and BSA on the in vitro capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction in guinea pig sperm. (koreascience.or.kr)
Moreover, an absence of $Ca^{2+}$ or $HCO_3{^-}$ inhibited in vitro hyperactivation and acrosome reaction and decreased the phosphorylation of the proteins throughout the period of in vitro capacitation. (koreascience.or.kr)

Effect of antisperm antibodies present in human follicular fluid upon the acrosome reaction and spermzona pellucida interaction. (thefreedictionary.com)

Spermatozoon acrosome reaction is an exocytotic event of the utmost importance for the development of mammalian fertilisation. (bvsalud.org)

The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of epidydimal sperm acrosome integrity using alpaca Arachis hypogaea (PNA) and Pisum sativum (PSA), combined with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). (edu.pe)
The results showed 59.17 + 4.84 and 61.13 + 4.35% of live sperm with acrosome integrity when using FITC-PNA and FITC-PSA respectively. (edu.pe)
These results are an indicator of epididymal sperm acrosome integrity in alpaca and can provide the basis for studying sperm physiology in this specie. (edu.pe)

These data suggest that actin polymerization may represent an important regulatory pathway in with sperm capacitation, whereas F-actin breakdown occurs before the acrosome reaction. (bioone.org)

Because a cyclic AMP analogue did not induce an acrosome reaction in the absence of added Ca 2+ , the increase in sperm cyclic AMP concentrations induced by Ca 2+ probably reflects one of a number of Ca 2+ -dependent events associated with the acrosome reaction. (pnas.org)
Gary M. Wessel, Victor D. Vacquier, in Methods in Cell Biology, 3 The Fucose Sulfate Polymer (FSP) Purified FSP of egg jelly can by itself induce the sperm acrosome is known to bind REJ1 (receptor for egg jelly-1), a glycoprotein on the sperm plasma membrane localized to the acrosome and the flagellum Human Sperm Acrosome Reaction book and Moy, ).FSP opens two pharmacologically different sperm. (axendadeportiva.com)

The acrosome is a large lysosome-like vesicle overlying the sperm nucleus. (uniprot.org)
acrosome - A caplike organelle or saccule derived from the golgi that surrounds the anterior two thirds of the nucleus of a sperm cell. (academic.ru)

Our results will help in identification of pathways that may regulate SNARE localization and function during capacitation, membrane fusion and the acrosome reaction. (illinois.edu)

These characteristics make the fluoresceinated lectin and the fluorescent supravital stain superior for evaluating acrosome reactions and viability of dog sperm. (elsevier.com)

The mean percentage (±SE) ZP mediated acrosome reacted sperm among teratozoospermic and severely teratozoospermic cases was 25.8% ± 0.9 and 19.0% ± 0.9 (P= 0.001), compared to 36.8%±0.9 for the donor controls. (sun.ac.za)
In recent reports, we showed that human sperm endogenous ROS production is essential for correct capacitation, evaluated as the percentage of acrosome-reacted cells (ARC) directly dependent on Tyr-phosphorylation (Tyr-P) of the sperm head [ 11 ]. (mdpi.com)
High positive correlations were observed between the fluorescent stain and the triple stain in the mean values for the percentage of viable sperm and for the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm among the viable sperm (r = 0.91, r = 0.97, respectively). (elsevier.com)

EPP and adenosine inhibit spontaneous acrosome loss in boar sperm. (elsevier.com)

Thapsigargin, a sequiterpene lactone inhibitor of the microsomal Ca(2+)-ATPase, stimulated the acrosome reaction of mouse sperm to the same extent as the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. (rupress.org)
Following treatment with ionophore, the percentages of total acrosome-reacted sperm (motile and non-motile) as assessed with Alexa-SBTI, fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA), and TEM were 54.6%, 51.6% and 61.5%, respectively. (elsevier.com)

The acrosome reaction test uses a trigger, such as hormones or certain electrolytes to trigger the acrosome reaction sequence in a lab and evaluates the sperm's performance. (fertilitysmarts.com)
We do not have perfect tests but I will show you that the acrosome reaction test helps us reduce the need for AR test gives us a very good idea of which men have sperm that will. (axendadeportiva.com)
However, the acrosome reaction test uses a sperm sample to trigger the acrosome reaction sequence in a lab, and evaluates the sperm's performance. (fertilitysmarts.com)

In Eutheria n mammals the acrosome contains digestive enzyme s (including hyaluronidase and acrosin ). (academic.ru)

P. Talbot and R. Chacon, "A Triple Stain Technique for Evaluating Normal Acrosome Reactions of Human Sperm," Journal of Experimental Zoology, Vol. 215, No. 2, 1981, pp. 201-211. (scirp.org)
Comparison of a fluoresceinated lectin stain with triple staining for evaluating acrosome reactions of dog sperm. (elsevier.com)
Talbot P., Chacon R.S. A triple stain techni- que for evaluating normal acrosome reactions of human sperm. (jri.ir)

These are suitable conditions for sperm cell capacitation 10 and also to evaluate their ability to undergo acrosome reaction. (freethesaurus.com)

1979 ). Significance of the equatorial segment of the acrosome of the spermatozoon in eutherian mammals. (biologists.org)

Without an acrosome, the abnormal sperm are unable to get through the outer membrane of an egg cell to fertilize it, leading to infertility in affected men. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy18

Organisms16

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes16

Information Science2

Spatiotemporal characterization of intracellular Ca2+ rise during the acrosome reaction of mammalian spermatozoa induced by zona pellucida. (1/936)

Flow cytometric method to isolate round spermatids from mouse testis. (2/936)

Immunolocalization of CRES (Cystatin-related epididymal spermatogenic) protein in the acrosomes of mouse spermatozoa. (3/936)

Actin filament-membrane attachment: are membrane particles involved? (4/936)

Acrosome formation during sperm transit through the epididymis in two marsupials, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). (5/936)

Real-time observation of acrosomal dispersal from mouse sperm using GFP as a marker protein. (6/936)

Scanning electron-microscopical and other observations of sperm fertilization reactions in Limulus polyphemus L. (Merostomata: Xiphosura). (7/936)

Identification of Rab3A GTPase as an acrosome-associated small GTP-binding protein in rat sperm. (8/936)

Acrosome Reaction

Spermatozoa

Sperm Capacitation

Sperm-Ovum Interactions

Zona Pellucida

Sperm Motility

Acrosin

Sperm Head

Spermatids

Fertilization

Spermatogenesis

Egg Proteins

Calcimycin

Peanut Agglutinin

Ionophores

Epididymis

Sperm Tail

Vitelline Membrane

Semen Preservation

Testis

Ovum

Asterias

Infertility, Male

Sea Urchins

Fertilization in Vitro

Chlortetracycline

Semen

Exocytosis

Sperm Maturation

Seminal Plasma Proteins

Microscopy, Electron

Shrews

Sperm Midpiece

Sperm Agglutination

rab3A GTP-Binding Protein

Calcium

Macropodidae

Calcium Ionophores

Benzamidines

Pimozide

Microscopy, Immunoelectron

Cryopreservation

Sperm Count

Semen Analysis

Cell Membrane

Antigens, CD46

Fertility

Bufo arenarum

Bisbenzimidazole

Lysophosphatidylcholines

Ejaculation

Guinea Pigs

Fallopian Tubes

Progesterone

Sperm Transport

Starfish

Sus scrofa

Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate

Mesocricetus

Cricetinae

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Swine

Nigericin

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Membrane Glycoproteins

Oocytes

Cattle

Receptors, Cell Surface

Spermatocytes

Sulfuric Acids

Hyaluronoglucosaminidase

Cervix Mucus

Mice, Inbred ICR

Annelida

Blotting, Western

Contraceptive Agents, Male

Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction

Molecular Sequence Data

Microscopy, Fluorescence

Pentoxifylline