Acoustic stimulation. Medical search

Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.

The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

The ability or act of sensing and transducing ACOUSTIC STIMULATION to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is also called audition.

Electronic hearing devices typically used for patients with normal outer and middle ear function, but defective inner ear function. In the COCHLEA, the hair cells (HAIR CELLS, VESTIBULAR) may be absent or damaged but there are residual nerve fibers. The device electrically stimulates the COCHLEAR NERVE to create sound sensation.

Wearable sound-amplifying devices that are intended to compensate for impaired hearing. These generic devices include air-conduction hearing aids and bone-conduction hearing aids. (UMDNS, 1999)

NEURAL PATHWAYS and connections within the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, beginning at the hair cells of the ORGAN OF CORTI, continuing along the eighth cranial nerve, and terminating at the AUDITORY CORTEX.

Self-generated faint acoustic signals from the inner ear (COCHLEA) without external stimulation. These faint signals can be recorded in the EAR CANAL and are indications of active OUTER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS. Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions are found in all classes of land vertebrates.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.

Measurement of the ability to hear speech under various conditions of intensity and noise interference using sound-field as well as earphones and bone oscillators.

Electrical waves in the CEREBRAL CORTEX generated by BRAIN STEM structures in response to auditory click stimuli. These are found to be abnormal in many patients with CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE lesions, MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, or other DEMYELINATING DISEASES.

The region of the cerebral cortex that receives the auditory radiation from the MEDIAL GENICULATE BODY.

A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.

Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (COCHLEAR IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the COCHLEAR NERVE in the inner ear to create sound sensation in patients with residual nerve fibers.

The cochlear part of the 8th cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE). The cochlear nerve fibers originate from neurons of the SPIRAL GANGLION and project peripherally to cochlear hair cells and centrally to the cochlear nuclei (COCHLEAR NUCLEUS) of the BRAIN STEM. They mediate the sense of hearing.

Any sound which is unwanted or interferes with HEARING other sounds.

An oval semitransparent membrane separating the external EAR CANAL from the tympanic cavity (EAR, MIDDLE). It contains three layers: the skin of the external ear canal; the core of radially and circularly arranged collagen fibers; and the MUCOSA of the middle ear.

A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.

The science pertaining to the interrelationship of psychologic phenomena and the individual's response to the physical properties of sound.

The graphic registration of the frequency and intensity of sounds, such as speech, infant crying, and animal vocalizations.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.

The process whereby an utterance is decoded into a representation in terms of linguistic units (sequences of phonetic segments which combine to form lexical and grammatical morphemes).

Ability to determine the specific location of a sound source.

The posterior pair of the quadrigeminal bodies which contain centers for auditory function.

A part of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA situated in the olivary body. It is involved with motor control and is a major source of sensory input to the CEREBELLUM.

The brain stem nucleus that receives the central input from the cochlear nerve. The cochlear nucleus is located lateral and dorsolateral to the inferior cerebellar peduncles and is functionally divided into dorsal and ventral parts. It is tonotopically organized, performs the first stage of central auditory processing, and projects (directly or indirectly) to higher auditory areas including the superior olivary nuclei, the medial geniculi, the inferior colliculi, and the auditory cortex.

The testing of the acuity of the sense of hearing to determine the thresholds of the lowest intensity levels at which an individual can hear a set of tones. The frequencies between 125 and 8000 Hz are used to test air conduction thresholds and the frequencies between 250 and 4000 Hz are used to test bone conduction thresholds.

Sensory cells of organ of Corti. In mammals, they are usually arranged in three or four rows, and away from the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), lateral to the INNER AUDITORY HAIR CELLS and other supporting structures. Their cell bodies and STEREOCILIA increase in length from the cochlear base toward the apex and laterally across the rows, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.

Measurement of hearing based on the use of pure tones of various frequencies and intensities as auditory stimuli.

The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism.

Sensory cells in the organ of Corti, characterized by their apical stereocilia (hair-like projections). The inner and outer hair cells, as defined by their proximity to the core of spongy bone (the modiolus), change morphologically along the COCHLEA. Towards the cochlear apex, the length of hair cell bodies and their apical STEREOCILIA increase, allowing differential responses to various frequencies of sound.

A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously.

Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.

A technique that involves the use of electrical coils on the head to generate a brief magnetic field which reaches the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is coupled with ELECTROMYOGRAPHY response detection to assess cortical excitability by the threshold required to induce MOTOR EVOKED POTENTIALS. This method is also used for BRAIN MAPPING, to study NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, and as a substitute for ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY for treating DEPRESSION. Induction of SEIZURES limits its clinical usage.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The use of specifically placed small electrodes to deliver electrical impulses across the SKIN to relieve PAIN. It is used less frequently to produce ANESTHESIA.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

The electrical response evoked in a muscle or motor nerve by electrical or magnetic stimulation. Common methods of stimulation are by transcranial electrical and TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION. It is often used for monitoring during neurosurgery.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

An involuntary movement or exercise of function in a part, excited in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the brain or spinal cord.

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Area of the FRONTAL LOBE concerned with primary motor control located in the dorsal PRECENTRAL GYRUS immediately anterior to the central sulcus. It is comprised of three areas: the primary motor cortex located on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain; the premotor cortex located anterior to the primary motor cortex; and the supplementary motor area located on the midline surface of the hemisphere anterior to the primary motor cortex.

Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the INTERNAL CAPSULE. The SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS and pathways traversing this region are concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.

Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a peripheral part toward a nerve center.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

Stimulation of the brain, which is self-administered. The stimulation may result in negative or positive reinforcement.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by stimulation along AFFERENT PATHWAYS from PERIPHERAL NERVES to CEREBRUM.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate beta-adrenergic receptors.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Application of electric current to the spine for treatment of a variety of conditions involving innervation from the spinal cord.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.

Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

Area of the parietal lobe concerned with receiving sensations such as movement, pain, pressure, position, temperature, touch, and vibration. It lies posterior to the central sulcus.

The major nerves supplying sympathetic innervation to the abdomen. The greater, lesser, and lowest (or smallest) splanchnic nerves are formed by preganglionic fibers from the spinal cord which pass through the paravertebral ganglia and then to the celiac ganglia and plexuses. The lumbar splanchnic nerves carry fibers which pass through the lumbar paravertebral ganglia to the mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

Electrodes with an extremely small tip, used in a voltage clamp or other apparatus to stimulate or record bioelectric potentials of single cells intracellularly or extracellularly. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Neurons which send impulses peripherally to activate muscles or secretory cells.

A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Effect of morphine and naloxone on priming-induced audiogenic seizures in BALB/c mice. (1/6631)

1 Morphine (1-200 mg/kg s.c.) reduced the incidence and prolonged the latency of priming-induced audiogenic siezures in a dose-dependent manner. 2 This effect was reversed by naloxone (1 and 2 mg/kg) although naloxone was itself inactive. 3 This priming-induces seizure model may be useful in the study of tolerance and physical dependence. (+info)

The functional anatomy of the normal human auditory system: responses to 0.5 and 4.0 kHz tones at varied intensities. (2/6631)

Most functional imaging studies of the auditory system have employed complex stimuli. We used positron emission tomography to map neural responses to 0.5 and 4.0 kHz sine-wave tones presented to the right ear at 30, 50, 70 and 90 dB HL and found activation in a complex neural network of elements traditionally associated with the auditory system as well as non-traditional sites such as the posterior cingulate cortex. Cingulate activity was maximal at low stimulus intensities, suggesting that it may function as a gain control center. In the right temporal lobe, the location of the maximal response varied with the intensity, but not with the frequency of the stimuli. In the left temporal lobe, there was evidence for tonotopic organization: a site lateral to the left primary auditory cortex was activated equally by both tones while a second site in primary auditory cortex was more responsive to the higher frequency. Infratentorial activations were contralateral to the stimulated ear and included the lateral cerebellum, the lateral pontine tegmentum, the midbrain and the medial geniculate. Contrary to predictions based on cochlear membrane mechanics, at each intensity, 4.0 kHz stimuli were more potent activators of the brain than the 0.5 kHz stimuli. (+info)

The effects of d-amphetamine on the temporal control of operant responding in rats during a preshock stimulus. (3/6631)

The operant behavior of six rats was maintained by a random-interval schedule of reinforcement. Three-minute periods of noise were superimposed on this behavior, each period ending with the delivery of an unavoidable shock. Overall rates of responding were generally lower during the periods of noise than in its absence (conditioned suppression). These suppressed response rates also exhibited temporal patterning, with responding becoming less frequent as each noise period progressed. The effects of d-amphetamine on this behavioral baseline were then assessed. In four animals the relative response rates during the noise and in its absence suggested that the drug produced a dose-related decrease in the amount of conditioned suppression. However, this effect was often due to a decrease in the rates of responding in the absence of the preshock stimulus, rather than to an increase in response rates during the stimulus. Temporal patterning in response rates during the preshock stimulus was abolished, an effect that was interpreted in terms of rate-dependent effect of d-amphetamine. This study thus extends rate-dependent analyses of the effects of amphetamines to the patterns of operant behavior that occur during a preshock stimulus, and which have been discussed in terms of the disrupting effects of anxiety on operant behavior. (+info)

Midbrain combinatorial code for temporal and spectral information in concurrent acoustic signals. (4/6631)

All vocal species, including humans, often encounter simultaneous (concurrent) vocal signals from conspecifics. To segregate concurrent signals, the auditory system must extract information regarding the individual signals from their summed waveforms. During the breeding season, nesting male midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) congregate in localized regions of the intertidal zone and produce long-duration (>1 min), multi-harmonic signals ("hums") during courtship of females. The hums of neighboring males often overlap, resulting in acoustic beats with amplitude and phase modulations at the difference frequencies (dFs) between their fundamental frequencies (F0s) and harmonic components. Behavioral studies also show that midshipman can localize a single hum-like tone when presented with a choice between two concurrent tones that originate from separate speakers. A previous study of the neural mechanisms underlying the segregation of concurrent signals demonstrated that midbrain neurons temporally encode a beat's dF through spike synchronization; however, spectral information about at least one of the beat's components is also required for signal segregation. Here we examine the encoding of spectral differences in beat signals by midbrain neurons. The results show that, although the spike rate responses of many neurons are sensitive to the spectral composition of a beat, virtually all midbrain units can encode information about differences in the spectral composition of beat stimuli via their interspike intervals (ISIs) with an equal distribution of ISI spectral sensitivity across the behaviorally relevant dFs. Together, temporal encoding in the midbrain of dF information through spike synchronization and of spectral information through ISI could permit the segregation of concurrent vocal signals. (+info)

Desynchronizing responses to correlated noise: A mechanism for binaural masking level differences at the inferior colliculus. (5/6631)

We examined the adequacy of decorrelation of the responses to dichotic noise as an explanation for the binaural masking level difference (BMLD). The responses of 48 low-frequency neurons in the inferior colliculus of anesthetized guinea pigs were recorded to binaurally presented noise with various degrees of interaural correlation and to interaurally correlated noise in the presence of 500-Hz tones in either zero or pi interaural phase. In response to fully correlated noise, neurons' responses were modulated with interaural delay, showing quasiperiodic noise delay functions (NDFs) with a central peak and side peaks, separated by intervals roughly equivalent to the period of the neuron's best frequency. For noise with zero interaural correlation (independent noises presented to each ear), neurons were insensitive to the interaural delay. Their NDFs were unmodulated, with the majority showing a level of activity approximately equal to the mean of the peaks and troughs of the NDF obtained with fully correlated noise. Partial decorrelation of the noise resulted in NDFs that were, in general, intermediate between the fully correlated and fully decorrelated noise. Presenting 500-Hz tones simultaneously with fully correlated noise also had the effect of demodulating the NDFs. In the case of tones with zero interaural phase, this demodulation appeared to be a saturation process, raising the discharge at all noise delays to that at the largest peak in the NDF. In the majority of neurons, presenting the tones in pi phase had a similar effect on the NDFs to decorrelating the noise; the response was demodulated toward the mean of the peaks and troughs of the NDF. Thus the effect of added tones on the responses of delay-sensitive inferior colliculus neurons to noise could be accounted for by a desynchronizing effect. This result is entirely consistent with cross-correlation models of the BMLD. However, in some neurons, the effects of an added tone on the NDF appeared more extreme than the effect of decorrelating the noise, suggesting the possibility of additional inhibitory influences. (+info)

Corticofugal amplification of facilitative auditory responses of subcortical combination-sensitive neurons in the mustached bat. (6/6631)

Recent studies on the bat's auditory system indicate that the corticofugal system mediates a highly focused positive feedback to physiologically "matched" subcortical neurons, and widespread lateral inhibition to physiologically "unmatched" subcortical neurons, to adjust and improve information processing. These findings have solved the controversy in physiological data, accumulated since 1962, of corticofugal effects on subcortical auditory neurons: inhibitory, excitatory, or both (an inhibitory effect is much more frequent than an excitatory effect). In the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and auditory cortex each have "FM-FM" neurons, which are "combination-sensitive" and are tuned to specific time delays (echo delays) of echo FM components from the FM components of an emitted biosonar pulse. FM-FM neurons are more complex in response properties than cortical neurons which primarily respond to single tones. In the present study, we found that inactivation of the entire FM-FM area in the cortex, including neurons both physiologically matched and unmatched with subcortical FM-FM neurons, on the average reduced the facilitative responses to paired FM sounds by 82% for thalamic FM-FM neurons and by 66% for collicular FM-FM neurons. The corticofugal influence on the facilitative responses of subcortical combination-sensitive neurons is much larger than that on the excitatory responses of subcortical neurons primarily responding to single tones. Therefore we propose the hypothesis that, in general, the processing of complex sounds by combination-sensitive neurons more heavily depends on the corticofugal system than that by single-tone sensitive neurons. (+info)

Effects of chronic administration of kanamycin on conditioned suppression to auditory stimulus in rats. (7/6631)

The conditioned suppression technique was employed to study the ototoxic effects of chronic administration of the antibiotic, kanamycin. Lever pressing behavior for food reinforcement of rats was suppressed in the presence of an auditory stimulus (sound) or visual stimulus (light) that had been previously paired with electric shocks. Repeated administration of kanamycin at the dose of 400 mg/kg/day for more than 50 days significantly attenuated the conditioned suppression to auditory stimulus but did not attenuate the conditioned suppression to visual stimulus. This finding suggests that the attenuating effect of chronic administration of kanamycin on conditioned suppression to auditory stimulus can be interpreted in terms of the selective action of the drug on the auditory system. (+info)

Blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation suppresses learning-induced synaptic elimination. (8/6631)

Auditory filial imprinting in the domestic chicken is accompanied by a dramatic loss of spine synapses in two higher associative forebrain areas, the mediorostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale (MNH) and the dorsocaudal neostriatum (Ndc). The cellular mechanisms that underlie this learning-induced synaptic reorganization are unclear. We found that local pharmacological blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the MNH, a manipulation that has been shown previously to impair auditory imprinting, suppresses the learning-induced spine reduction in this region. Chicks treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) during the behavioral training for imprinting (postnatal day 0-2) displayed similar spine frequencies at postnatal day 7 as naive control animals, which, in both groups, were significantly higher than in imprinted animals. Because the average dendritic length did not differ between the experimental groups, the reduced spine frequency can be interpreted as a reduction of the total number of spine synapses per neuron. In the Ndc, which is reciprocally connected with the MNH and not directly influenced by the injected drug, learning-induced spine elimination was partly suppressed. Spine frequencies of the APV-treated, behaviorally trained but nonimprinted animals were higher than in the imprinted animals but lower than in the naive animals. These results provide evidence that NMDA receptor activation is required for the learning-induced selective reduction of spine synapses, which may serve as a mechanism of information storage specific for juvenile emotional learning events. (+info)

"Electric Acoustic Stimulation". www.medel.com. Retrieved 2022-05-13. "Vibrant Soundbridge Middle Ear Implant". www.medel.com. ... In 2005, MED-EL released their first electric acoustic stimulation system (EAS). This new type of implant combines both ... "Who is a Candidate for an Electric-Acoustic Stimulation (EAS) Cochlear Implant?". AudiologyOnline. Retrieved 2022-05-13. " ... The Bonebridge bone conduction implant was the first implant on the market to offer direct drive stimulation of the bone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MED-EL

"RMS Hydrocarbon Acoustic Stimulation System". AIC. Archived from the original on 25 June 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018. " ... In 2003, he led the Hydrocarbon Acoustic Stimulation (RMS) development, technology which increases the efficiency of oil ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo_Zolezzi

Electric-acoustic stimulation of the auditory system. ORL 61:334-40. B. J. Gantz, C. Turner, and K. E. Gfeller, "Acoustic plus ... The concept of combining simultaneous electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) for the purposes of better hearing was first ... The stimulation can also be done anywhere along the optic signal's pathway. The optical nerve can be stimulated in order to ... Sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of refractory urinary urge incontinence. Sacral nerve study group. J Urol 1999 Aug;16(2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprosthetics

Hoffman HS, Fleshler M (September 1963). "Startle Reaction: Modification by Background Acoustic Stimulation". Science. 141 ( ... The stimuli are usually acoustic, but tactile stimuli (e.g. via air puffs onto the skin) and light stimuli are also used. When ... A burst of white noise is usually used as the acoustic startle stimulus. Typical durations are 20 ms for prepulse and 40 ms for ... Kumari V, Soni W, Sharma T (June 2001). "Influence of cigarette smoking on prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepulse_inhibition

"A primary acoustic startle circuit: lesion and stimulation studies". Journal of Neuroscience. 2 (6): 791-805. doi:10.1523/ ... The acoustic startle reflex is thought to be caused by an auditory stimulus greater than 80 decibels. The reflex is typically ... A reflex from hearing a sudden loud noise will happen in the primary acoustic startle reflex pathway consisting of three main ... The role of the BNST in the acoustic startle reflex may be attributed to specific areas within the nucleus responsible for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Startle_response

Pinette MG, Blackstone J, Wax JR, Cartin A (June 2005). "Using fetal acoustic stimulation to shorten the biophysical profile". ... Fetal heart rate Fetal breathing Fetal movement Fetal tone Amniotic fluid volume Use of vibroacoustic stimulation to accelerate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophysical_profile

Fay, R. R., & Popper, A. N. (1974). Acoustic stimulation of the ear of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish

Hilali, S.; Whitfield, I. C. (October 1953). "Responses of the trapezoid body to acoustic stimulation with pure tones". The ... which had varying phases according to stimulation frequency. This phenomenon was interpreted as the result of a second harmonic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volley_theory

Visser, G.H.A.; Mulder, H.H.; Wit, H.P.; Mulder, E.J.H.; Prechtl, H.F.R. (1989). "Vibro-acoustic stimulation of the human fetus ... Vibroacoustic stimulation is a technique involving the repetitive stimulation of the fetus, by applying a vibroacoustic ... Stimulation trials continue into the neonatal period (first 28 days after birth) by presenting the same auditory stimulus, to ... Both auditory and vibroacoustic stimulation have been used in habituation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenatal_memory

... are sounds that are heard without any external acoustic stimulation. Endaural means "in the ear". Phenomena ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endaural_phenomena

... following acoustic stimulation. Using acoustic stimuli to activate the MOC reflex pathway, recordings have been made from ... Cody and Johnstone (1982) and Rajan and Johnstone (1988a; 1988b) showed that constant acoustic stimulation that in (which ... Acoustic stimulation of the inner hair cells sends a neural signal to the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN), and the axons ... electrical stimulation of neurons other than MOCS fibres. Therefore, electrical stimulation of the MOCS may not give an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivocochlear_system

"Cochlear Dead Regions Constrain the Benefit of Combining Acoustic Stimulation With Electric Stimulation". Ear and Hearing. 35 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Moore_(scientist)

Townsend GL, Cody DTR (1971). The averaged inion response evoked by acoustic stimulation: its relation to the saccule. Ann Otol ... Rosengren SM, Todd NPM, Colebatch JG (2005). Vestibular-evoked extraocular potentials produced by stimulation with bone- ... bone vibration and short duration electrical stimulation. It is likely that both air-conducted and bone-conducted stimuli ... Vestibulocollic reflexes evoked by short-duration galvanic stimulation in man. J Physiol 513(2):587-97. Curthoys IS, Kim J, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_evoked_myogenic_potential

"Mapping the tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex with minimally salient acoustic stimulation". Cerebral Cortex. 22 ( ... Consistently, electro stimulation to the aSTG of this patient resulted in impaired speech perception (see also for similar ... and fMRI The latter study further demonstrated that working memory in the AVS is for the acoustic properties of spoken words ... The authors also reported that stimulation in area Spt and the inferior IPL induced interference during both object-naming and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_processing_in_the_brain

A CI bypasses acoustic hearing by direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. Through everyday listening and auditory ... Further research found that the electrical stimulation of the CI is at least partly responsible for the general reduction in ... This would suggest that it is the electrical stimulation that explains the decrease in tinnitus symptoms for many patients, and ... This original design distributed stimulation using a single channel. William House also invented a cochlear implant in 1961. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlear_implant

"Mapping the tonotopic organization in human auditory cortex with minimally salient acoustic stimulation". Cerebral Cortex. 22 ( ... Studies in mature A1 have focused on neuromodulatory influences and have found that direct and indirect vagus nerve stimulation ... Barton B, Venezia JH, Saberi K, Hickok G, Brewer AA (December 2012). "Orthogonal acoustic dimensions define auditory field maps ... which altered the ability of the auditory cortex to plastically reorganize after changes in the acoustic environment, thereby ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonotopy

Outer hair cells serve as acoustic amplifiers for stimulation of the inner hair cells. Outer hair cells respond primarily to ... A metronome was used as part of a technique to test the effects of musical and rhythmic stimulation in physical rehabilitation ... eds.). Cochlear Blood Flow Changes With Short Sound Stimulation. Scientific basis of noise-induced hearing loss. New York ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listener_fatigue

This physical stimulation appears to enhance the cell-repair effects of the inflammatory response. The first large scale ... This is based on the acoustic radiation force which causes particles to be attracted to either the nodes or anti-nodes of the ... Acoustic tweezers is an emerging tool for contactless separation, concentration and manipulation of microparticles and ... Long-duration therapeutic ultrasound called sustained acoustic medicine is a daily slow-release therapy that can be applied to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutic_ultrasound

Chouard, CH; Meyer, B; Josset, P; Buche, JF (1983). "The effect of the acoustic nerve chronic electric stimulation upon the ... The study showed that selective electrical stimulation of eight to twelve electrodes, each isolated from the others, placed in ... House, WF; Urban, J (1973). "Long term results of electrode implantation and electronic stimulation of the cochlea in man". Ann ... Djourno, A; Eyries, C (August 1957). "[Auditory prosthesis by means of a distant electrical stimulation of the sensory nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude-Henri_Chouard

... a comparison of fetal acoustic stimulation with acid-base determinations". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 155 (4): 726-728. doi:10.1016/ ... Vibroacoustic stimulation can wake the fetus, and is sometimes used to speed up the test or to facilitate further evaluation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonstress_test

Shockwave therapy uses acoustic sound waves to alter tissue mechanics and inflammation. Lastly, personalized exercise plans ... Therapeutic ultrasound provides deep tissue thermal stimulation to increase range of motion and tendon strength and is often ... This therapy refers to when stimulation occurs via light and reportedly increases energy and antioxidant production. Hyperbaric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_veterinary_medicine

The Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) is an acoustic hailing device developed by LRAD Corporation to send messages and warning ... PERSONNEL HALTING and STIMULATION RESPONSE (PHaSR) Fact Sheet, Air Force Research Laboratory, Office of Public Affairs, April ... Long range acoustic device mounted on police vehicle, 2004 Republican National Convention, New York City Swedish police in riot ... 21 acoustic weapons were listed, in various stages of development, including the Infrasound ("Very low-frequency sound which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-lethal_weapon

Electric Acoustic Stimulation in Children W: Van de Heyning P, Kleine Punte A (eds): Cochlear Implants and Hearing Preservation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henryk_Skarżyński

Due to this mechanism, for example, incoming acoustic stimuli can be processed with astonishing speed as when comprehending ... how automatic predictions about upcoming auditory events can be generated on the basis of regular environmental stimulation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Schröger

Phonemic Restoration with Simulations of Cochlear Implants and Combined Electric-Acoustic Stimulation". Journal of the ... It is believed that humans and other vertebrates have evolved the ability to complete acoustic signals that are critical but ... For people with cochlear implants, acoustic simulations of the implant indicated the importance of spectral resolution. When ... "Dynamic cortical representations of perceptual fulling-in for missing acoustic rhythm". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 17536. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemic_restoration_effect

Phonemic Restoration with Simulations of Cochlear Implants and Combined Electric-Acoustic Stimulation". Journal of the ... "The discrimination of voice cues in simulations of bimodal electro-acoustic cochlear-implant hearing". The Journal of the ... "The Cochlear Implant EEG Artifact Recorded From an Artificial Brain for Complex Acoustic Stimuli". IEEE Transactions on Neural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Başkent

Fetal Acoustic Stimulation Device, patent ES2546919B1, granted 29 September 2015 to Luis y Pallarés Aniorte and Maria Luisa ... Uchiyama, M.; Jin, X.; Zhang, Q.; Hirai, T.; Amano, A.; Bashuda, H.; Niimi, M. (2012). "Auditory stimulation of opera music ... Matsumi Suzuki, President of Japan Acoustic Lab, and Dr. Norio Kogure, Executive Director, Kogure Veterinary Hospital, for ... Schötz, Susanne; Eklund, Robert (2011). "A comparative acoustic analysis of purring in four cats" (PDF). Quarterly Progress and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ig_Nobel_Prize_winners

Besides their hearing impairment, Black Swiss mice also are hypersensitive to acoustic stimulation, reacting with seizures ( ... GIPC3 is thought to be important for acoustic signal acquisition and propagation in hair cells of the mammalian cochlea. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIPC3

Brånemark sought an acoustic way to evaluate osseointegration. A patient with implants in the jaws was fitted with a bone ... When tested, the patient experienced very loud sound even at low stimulation levels, indicating sound could propagate very well ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone-anchored_hearing_aid

In humans vestibular evoked myogenic potentials occur in response to loud, low-frequency acoustic stimulation in patients with ... There is evidence that the vestibular system of mammals has retained some of its ancestral acoustic sensitivity and that this ... sensation of acoustic information via the vestibular system has been demonstrated to have a behaviourally relevant effect; ... response to an elicited acoustic startle reflex is larger in the presence of loud, low frequency sounds that are below the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otolith

Conrad, R.; Hull, A. J. (1964). "Information, acoustic confusion and memory span". British Journal of Psychology. 55 (4): 429- ... They found that Lexical-Semantic stimulation treatment could improve episodic memory.[49] ... one study hypothesized that stimulation of lexical-semantic abilities may benefit semantically structured episodic memory. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_memory

Sensory or therapeutic gardens can be used to help reduce the symptoms of dementia without the use of drugs through stimulation ... arranged around a central fountain that can provide acoustic orientation for blind and visually-impaired people.[10] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_garden

... scape is the component of the acoustic environment that can be perceived by humans. The acoustic environment is the ... Sensation due to stimulation of the auditory nerves and auditory centers of the brain, usually by vibrations transmitted in a ... In human physiology and psychology, sound is the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain.[1] Only acoustic ... American National Standard: Acoustic Terminology. Sec 3.03. *^ Acoustical Society of America. "PACS 2010 Regular Edition- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound

This includes: acoustic and behavioral mimicry,[60][61] comprehension of novel sequences in an artificial language,[62][63] ... have much environmental stimulation and enjoy interacting with humans.[133][145] ... and certain scientists have claimed that the dolphins do not have adequate space or receive adequate care or stimulation.[144] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin

Occasionally physiotherapy for TMD may include the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which may ... or via a finger inserted in the external acoustic meatus,[18] which lies directly behind the TMJ. The differential diagnosis is ... override pain by stimulation of superficial nerve fibers and lead to pain reduction which extends after the time where the TENS ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporomandibular_joint_dysfunction

Transcranial magnetic stimulation[edit]. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an important technique in modern cognitive ... He studied the physical properties of the eye and vision, as well as acoustic sensation. In one of his classic experiments ... The time scale over which adaptation builds up and recovers depends on the time course of stimulation.[2] Brief stimulation ... Neural receptor cells that process and receive stimulation go through constant changes for mammals and other living organisms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptual_adaptation

Kessler, L. W. (1970). "Ultrasonic Stimulation of Optical Scattering in Nematic Liquid Crystals". Applied Physics Letters. 17 ( ... These are the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), confocal scanning acoustic microscope (CSAM), and C-mode scanning acoustic ... "Acoustic Imaging and Acoustic Microscopes From Sonoscan Inc." Sonoscan. 11 July 2008 Kessler, L.W., "Acoustic Microscopy", ... Planar acoustic images do not often use all return echoes from all depths to make the visible acoustic image. Instead, a time ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_microscopy

Smartphone attachments have also been designed to perform tympanometry for acoustic evaluation of the middle ear eardrum. Low- ... Exploiting Stochastic Effects of Electrical Stimulation". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 112 (9_suppl): 14-19. doi ... Smartphone-based tests have been proposed to detect middle ear fluid using acoustic reflectometry and machine learning. ... Christensen, Jeppe H.; Saunders, Gabrielle H.; Porsbo, Michael; Pontoppidan, Niels H. (2021). "The everyday acoustic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_audiology

In the absence of external stimulation, the activity of the cochlear amplifier increases, leading to the production of sound. ... "Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 64 (5 ... Spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) are sounds that are emitted from the ear without external stimulation and are ... are being designed to measure OAEs and determine the listener's sensitivity to different acoustic frequencies. This is then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otoacoustic_emission

The main hypothesized function of the acoustic reflex is the protection of the organ of Corti against excessive stimulation ( ... no matter which ear was exposed to the loud sound stimulation. The prevalence of bilateral acoustic reflexes in persons 18-30 ... the sound used to trigger the acoustic reflex). For most animals, the acoustic reflex is the contraction of both middle ear ... The acoustic reflex threshold (ART) is the sound pressure level (SPL) from which a sound stimulus with a given frequency will ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_reflex

Unlike deep brain stimulation or Vagus nerve stimulation, which use implants and electrical impulses, TPU is a noninvasive and ... significantly better acoustic penetration and power in bone, greater influence in kinetic effects, immediate/short-term effect ... Tyler and his team still continue to improve their knowledge of brain stimulation therapy and hope to provide a strong ... Hameroff, Stewart (2013). "Transcranial ultrasound (TUS) effects on mental states: A pilot study" (PDF). Brain Stimulation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_pulsed_ultrasound

Non-invasive brain stimulation has also been explored in combination with BCIs for motor recovery. In 2016, scientists out of ... to stimulate acoustic percussion instruments. To perform the piece one must produce alpha waves and thereby "play" the various ... Sabathiel N, Irimia DC, Allison BZ, Guger C, Edlinger G (17 July 2016). "Paired Associative Stimulation with Brain-Computer ... These sensory BCI devices enable real-time, behaviorally-relevant decisions based upon closed-loop neural stimulation. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain–computer_interface

"Studies of the neural basis of evasive flight behavior in response to acoustic stimulation in Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnality

Cochlear implants differ than hearing aids in that the entire acoustic hearing is replaced with direct electric stimulation of ... Implant users are sensitive to these ENVp modulations, but performance varies across stimulation site, stimulation level, and ... Peng SC, Lu HP, Lu N, Lin YS, Deroche ML, Chatterjee M (May 2017). "Processing of Acoustic Cues in Lexical-Tone Identification ... They include the ability to accurately encode onsets and other rapid 'events' in the ENVp of complex acoustic and other sensory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_envelope_and_fine_structure

The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory ... Another approach, called stimulation experiment, was carried out in freely moving toads. Focal electrical stimuli were applied ... An early example of this is when Walter Rudolf Hess developed focal brain stimulation technique to examine a cat's brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroethology

March 2008). "Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy impairs the stimulation of breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion ... acoustic neuromas, severe thyroid eye disease, pterygium, pigmented villonodular synovitis, and prevention of keloid scar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

It featured the acoustic version of "Guitar". Possible track listing: Guitar (Acoustic Version) Oui Can Love Love Is A Losing ... " "Stimulation" "Elephants & Flowers" "God is Alive" "Still Would Stand All Time" "Rave unto the Joy Fantastic" "If I Had a ... She has posted a live version of Prince performing "Stratus" and an acoustic version of "Guitar". On that acoustic version of " ... An acoustic version of the title track can be found on The Truth. Prince had often thought of releasing an album called The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreleased_Prince_projects

... ", Acoustic, Folk and Country Blues. Retrieved 19 September 2021 "Bongo's - the coolest in primitive vinyl: ... During the 1980s Harrah-Conforth became involved in researching the use of light and sound stimulation in inducing altered ... 6-7 Reviews of Up Jumped the Devil: Greg Cahill, Acoustic Guitar, [6] Russell Davies, Times Literary Supplement, [7] David ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Conforth

Thermosiphon Thermotropic crystal Thermotunnel cooling Theta meson Theta vacuum Thibault Damour Thin-film bulk acoustic ... hydraulics Thermal inertia Thermal insulation Thermal ionization Thermal ionization mass spectrometry Thermal laser stimulation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_physics_articles_(T)

He began using electric and acoustic pianos, starting with Gambler's Life, in addition to his signature instrument. Hammond's ... with Oliver Nelson Stimulation (Prestige PR 7203, 1961) -with Freddie McCoy Gettin' the Message (Prestige PR 7217, 1960) -with ... compilation of Stimulation + Opus De Funk) With Gene Ammons Velvet Soul (Prestige, 1960/1961/1962 [rel. 1964]) Angel Eyes ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_"Hammond"_Smith

... means stimulation [感]. The weak is above, the strong below. The forces of the two stimulate and respond [感應] to each other, so ... "acoustic resonance" zither-string analogy, and explain how phenomena that are of the same lei 類 "kind; category" mutually zhao ... Two others use ying to describe acoustic resonance: "Similar categories follow each other [同類相從] and similar sounds respond to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganying

The PPI measures the acoustic startle response, which is an exaggerated response to an unexpected stimulus. The acoustic ... When tested, the motor output of the central nervous system following mechano-sensory stimulation was normal in ennui, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior_mutation

The same stimulation sequence is repeated several times and the neuronal response is reported in a Peri-Stimulus-Time Histogram ... have been derived for neural representation of auditory acoustic stimuli. This exploits both the place or tuning within the ... PSTH). The time t is measured with respect to the start of the stimulation sequence. The Δt must be large enough (typically in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_coding

Contents Top A B C D E G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W References Acoustic neuroma Tumor, usually benign, which may develop on ... Neural stimulation To activate or energize a nerve through an external source. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF-1 von ... Also see acoustic neurinoma. Neurogenic communication disorder Inability to exchange information with others because of hearing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_communication_disorders

Acoustic cues are incredibly important in recognizing chicks. Acoustic cues work over long and short distances, as well as for ... These proposals include: Boredom arising from a lack of stimulation and opportunity to engage in the appetitive component of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging_in_animals

... with acoustic stimulation (AS) Other: transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) without acoustic stimulation (AS) Not ... Other: transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) with acoustic stimulation (AS) The study intervention consists of a ... Other: transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) without acoustic stimulation (AS) The study intervention consists of a ... Transcranial Electrical and Acoustic Stimulation for Tinnitus (tEAS). The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04551404?type=Intr

Fetal acoustic stimulation is becoming a common modality for antepartum testing. The purpose of this study was to review the ... A critical appraisal of fetal acoustic stimulation as an antenatal test for fetal well-being Obstet Gynecol. 1988 May;71(5):781 ... Fetal acoustic stimulation is becoming a common modality for antepartum testing. The purpose of this study was to review the ... There is no uniform nomenclature to score test results, and even the definition of the fetal acoustic stimulation test is not ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3282196/?dopt=Abstract

Combined electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS) has demonstrated better speech recognition than conventional cochlear implant ... Improving the Intelligibility of Speech for Simulated Electric and Acoustic Stimulation Using Fully Convolutional Neural ... Improving the Intelligibility of Speech for Simulated Electric and Acoustic Stimulation Using Fully Convolutional Neural ... However, when noise signals are involved, both the electric signal and the acoustic signal may be distorted, thereby resulting ...

https://www.embs.org/tnsre/articles/tag/electric-and-acoustic-stimulation-eas/

Contralateral acoustic stimulation induces a phase advance in the evoked otoacoustic emission in humans. ... Contralateral acoustic stimulation induces a phase advance in the evoked otoacoustic emission in humans ... Contralateral acoustic stimulation induces a phase advance in the evoked otoacoustic emission in humans ...

https://www.creatis.insa-lyon.fr/site7/fr/publications/GIRA-96a

Use the Force: Augmenting Neural Excitability via Unexpected Acoustic Stimulation and Movement Vigour. dc.contributor.author. ... Use the Force: Augmenting Neural Excitability via Unexpected Acoustic Stimulation and Movement Vigour. en_US. ...

https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/84772?show=full

Short fetal acoustic stimulation test (FAST) was prospectively studied in 604 high risk pregnancies after 28 weeks of gestation ... Fetal heart rates were recorded 3 minutes before and 5 minutes after fetal acoustic stimulation. The results of the tests ... Short fetal acoustic stimulation test for rapid antepartum assessment of fetal well-being. ... Tannirandorn Y, Kittipibul V. Short fetal acoustic stimulation test for rapid antepartum assessment of fetal well-being. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/38573

The fetus showed fetal heart rate acceleration but no movement when acoustic stimulation was applied with artificial larynx. ... Prenatal features of Pena-Shokeir sequence with atypical response to acoustic stimulation. ... fetal heart rate accelerations with no movement in response to acoustic stimulation suggests that peripheral myopathy may ...

http://repository.cmu.ac.th/handle/6653943832/56052

Twenty-two government-sponsored stimulation trea... * Gas Content Determinations of Salt Samples Using Acoustic Responses ... Effects of Stimulation Treatments on Coalbeds and Surrounding Strata: Evidence from Underground Observations ... This Bureau of Mines report examines the coal mine roof damage potential of stimulation treatments. ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/niosh-mining/?facetGroups=^Tasks+and+activities=^Document+types=Reports+of+Investigations;&p=16&ResultsPerPage=Ten&Sort=Relevance

Electric-acoustic stimulation in cochlear-implant subjects Authors. * Andreas Buechner Department of Otolaryngology, Medical ... Buechner, A., Lesinski-Schiedat, A., Harpel, T., Schüssler, M., Neben, N., & Lennarz, T. (2011). Electric-acoustic stimulation ... "Acoustic Simulations of Combined Electric and Acoustic Hearing (EAS)" Ear & Hearing. 26 (4), 371-380.. Dorman, M. F. (2007). " ... Kong, Y. Y., Stickney, G. S., Zeng, F. G. (2005). "Speech and melody recognition in binaurally combined acoustic and electric ...

http://proceedings.isaar.eu/index.php/isaarproc/article/view/2011-44

... Stimulation (EAS), the best of both worlds. ... Naída CI Q90 Electric Acoustic™ Stimulation (EAS). Advanced Bionics also offers an all-in-one cochlear implant and hearing aid ... The Naída CI Q90 Electric Acoustic Stimulation (EAS) capability is not yet available in all regions. Please contact your AB ... 1 With the Naída CI Q90 sound processor and its built-in Electric Acoustic Stimulation (EAS)* capability, you get the best of ...

https://www.advancedbionics.com/no/no/home/products/naida-eas.html

Ph.D. Position in Improving Inner Ear Drug Delivery by Acoustic Stimulation - UCL Ear Institute. ... This project aims to develop methods of active drug transport along the cochlea by acoustic stimulation. ... Two types of acoustic phenomena have shown potential:. 1) A pumping action by large 4-Hz pressure oscillations in the ear canal ... 2) Acoustic steady streaming. Its principal suitability for intracochlear drug transport has been shown in simplified two- ...

https://acoustics.ac.uk/ph-d-position-in-improving-inner-ear-drug-delivery-by-acoustic-stimulation-ucl-ear-institute/

... hyperacusis and tinnitus loudness in tinnitus patients with and without hearing loss following 3 weeks of acoustic stimulation ...

https://lnc.univ-amu.fr/en/doc/hal-03420709/_22

Combined Electric and Acoustic Stimulation (EAS) in Children: Investigating Benefit Afforded by Bilateral Versus Unilateral ... Acoustic Hearing. Roberts, Jillian B.; Stecker, G. Christopher; Holder, Jourdan T.; More ...

https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/toc/2021/08000

2005) Mechanical responses of the organ of Corti to acoustic and electrical stimulation in vitro. Biophys J 89:4382-4395, doi: ... 1981) Acoustic trauma: single neuron basis for the "half-octave shift." J Acoust Soc Am 70:707-711, pmid:7288033. ... Filtering of Acoustic Signals within the Hearing Organ Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from Journal of ... 1999) Multiple modes of inner hair cell stimulation. Hear Res 132:1-14, doi:10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00013-1, pmid:10392543. ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/27/9051

Acoustic Stimulation. 2. 2018. 1183. 0.150. Why? Genotype. 7. 2014. 12944. 0.150. Why? ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/person/181289/network/researchareas/details

Acoustic Stimulation *Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography *Fetal Blood Sampling (FBS) *Doppler Velocimetry *Fetal Pulse Oximetry ...

https://www.flashcardsecrets.com/inpatientobstetric/

This pilot study tested the efficacy of a 30-min audio-visual stimulation (AVS) program for the treatment of chronic insomnia ... One of the promising means of this kind is acous tic (sound) stimulation. At present, acoustic influ ence to improve sleep is ... This type of stimulation has the advantage to be perceived even at very low sound volumes essentially bordering the hearing ... Results: Auditory stimulation with delta binaural beat enhanced sleep parameters such as sleep failure, the number of ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275664843_Open-Loop_Neurofeedback_Audiovisual_Stimulation_A_Pilot_Study_of_Its_Potential_for_Sleep_Induction_in_Older_Adults

Acoustic Stimulation During Sleep Could Improve Cardiac Health. 03.18.2019. Gentle noise stimulation synchronized with an ... Gentle sound stimulation played during deep sleep enhanced deep or slow-wave sleep for people with mild cognitive impairment, ...

https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/sites/sleep/about/news/index.html

Acoustic stimulation of anaerobic digestion: Effects on biogas production and wastewater malodors - (Peer Reviewed Journal) ... In situ acoustic treatment of anaerobic digesters to improve biogas yields - (Peer Reviewed Journal) ... In situ acoustic treatment of anaerobic digesters to improve biogas yields. Springer Nature Applied Sciences. 7(2):11. https:// ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/people-locations/person?person-id=5207

Excitation Stimulation of neurons sufficient to generate an action potential.. External auditory canal Tube that runs inward ... Evoked acoustic emissions Phenomenon in which a sound presented to the ear is echoed back. ... Stimulation deafness experiment An experiment in which an animal is exposed to an extremely high-amplitude tone, which causes ... Stimulation-produced analgesia Procedure in which certain regions of the brain are electrically stimulated, leading to a loss ...

http://www.skidmore.edu/~hfoley/glossary.htm

Chapter 9. Hearing Preservation Cochlear Implantation and Electro-Acoustic Stimulation. Sandra Prentiss, Athanasia Warnecke, ... electro-acoustic stimulation, preoperative prediction of postoperative outcomes and image guided programming. This resource ... His research focuses on the development of quality of life measures for diseases such as acoustic neuromas and Ménière disease ...

https://www.pluralpublishing.com/publications/cochlear-implants-and-other-implantable-hearing-devices-1

We tested the hypothesis that: (i) the amplitude of the N1m response and (ii) its decrement during rapid stimulation are ... were measured during rapidly successive presentation of acoustic stimuli. ... during rapidly successive presentation of acoustic stimuli. Recurrent acoustic stimulation is associated with characteristic ... Stability of MRS results under acoustic stimulation MRS examinations, similar to conventional MRI scans, are associated with ...

https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1741-7007-4-25

Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation. ASTM E 1033 : 2013 Standard ... Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation. ASTM E 1033 : 2013 Standard ... Standard Practice for Acoustic Pulse Reflectometry Examination of Tube Bundles. ASTM E 690 : 2015 Standard Practice for In Situ ... Standard Practice for Acoustic Pulse Reflectometry Examination of Tube Bundles. ASTM E 690 : 2015 Standard Practice for In Situ ...

https://infostore.saiglobal.com/en-gb/standards/astm-e-1316-2007-rev-b-139678_saig_astm_astm_2671239/

Stimulation hollow transmission ill defined. At the center of our hearts a signal too obscure to find. Acoustic shadows sex and ...

https://genius.com/Strung-out-rats-in-the-walls-lyrics

Acoustic Neural Stimulation. This relatively new treatment has shown to be effective in reducing, and in some cases eliminating ... Auditory-somatosensory stimulation is a similar treatment approach to Kilgards, in that its goal is to retune the faulty ... Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This technique, which uses a small device placed on the scalp to generate ... An uncommon but serious cause is an acoustic neuroma, a noncancerous (benign) tumor of part of the nerve leading from the inner ...

https://banishtinnitus.net/reddit-tinnitus-cure-youtube-tinnitus-therapy-cure.html

Caloric stimulation ... your acoustic nerve by delivering cold or warm water or air into your ear canal. When cold water or air ...

https://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?&v:project=medlineplus&query=TREPROSTINIL%20OR%20WATER&binning-state=group%3D%3DMedical%20Encyclopedia&

... repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is safe and effective in reducing heavy alcohol consumption, craving, and brain ... The sham stimulation produced the same acoustic artifact and generated skin sensations mimicking those of the active ... In the active stimulation group, each session included 100 trains of 30 pulses at 10Hz (3 seconds) with 15-second intervals, ... During the 3-week treatment phase, active or sham stimulations were delivered in five 30-minute sessions per week. During the ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/965356

Effects of contralateral white noise stimulation on transitory evoked otoacoustic emissions in patients with acoustic neuroma. ... 1990). The behavior of the acoustic distortion product 2fl-2f2 from the human ear and its relation to auditory sensitivity. J ... 1978). Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system. J Acoust Soc Am 64: 1386-1391. ... 1982). The behavior of acoustic distortion products in the ear canals of chinchillas with normal or damaged ears. J Acoust Soc ...

https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0042-1748512?id=&lang=de

There is no uniform nomenclature to score test results, and even the definition of the fetal acoustic stimulation test is not uniform. (nih.gov)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Short fetal acoustic stimulation test for rapid antepartum assessment of fetal well-being. (who.int)
Short fetal acoustic stimulation test (FAST) was prospectively studied in 604 high risk pregnancies after 28 weeks of gestation. (who.int)

We aim at targeting the (bilateral) auditory cortex with tRNS as in former studies and combine it with white noise (WN) stimulation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
To assess rapid auditory processing in the left auditory cortex, the amplitude and decrement of the N1m peak, the major component of the late auditory evoked response, were measured during rapidly successive presentation of acoustic stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
One way of assessing auditory function is by measuring the amplitude and the decrement of the N1m wave, the major peak of the late auditory response, during rapidly successive presentation of acoustic stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
Auditory-somatosensory stimulation is a similar treatment approach to Kilgard's, in that its goal is to retune the faulty patterns of brain activity that can cause tinnitus. (banishtinnitus.net)
Salicylate-induced changes of auditory responses of the caudal pontine reticular nucleus - the sensorimotor interface of the acoustic startle reflex. (cdc.gov)
The behavior of the acoustic distortion product 2fl-2f2 from the human ear and its relation to auditory sensitivity. (thieme-connect.com)
1978). Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system. (thieme-connect.com)
Frequency-specific adaptation in human auditory cortex depends on the spectral variance in the acoustic stimulation. (mpg.de)
This neural remodeling enabled bipolar stimulation via the cochlear implant array, with low stimulus thresholds and expanded dynamic range of the cochlear nerve, determined via electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses. (medgadget.com)

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is an umbrella term for non-invasive brain stimulation using weak currents. (clinicaltrials.gov)
It comprises transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which is the most established and used method applying constant direct current, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with sinusoidal current in a fixed frequency, and finally transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), which is a subform of tACS generating a random range of low and high frequency alternating currents. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Deep, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is safe and effective in decreasing symptoms of alcohol addiction and brain reactivity, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). (banishtinnitus.net)
We are joining forces across Europe to advance a new non-invasive technology - transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) - to reversibly modulate brain regions with exquisite millimetre precision, even deep in the brain. (europa.eu)
TUS combines the precision and reach of invasive deep brain stimulation, required to directly target clinically relevant structures, with the non-invasive and low-cost nature of transcranial electromagnetic techniques that are inherently limited in focus and depth. (europa.eu)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method based on the stimulation of neuronal tissue without depending on the transfer of electrical current by means of electrodes or the skin. (alimranmed.com)

Combined electric and acoustic stimulation (EAS) has demonstrated better speech recognition than conventional cochlear implant (CI) and yielded satisfactory performance under quiet conditions. (embs.org)
For this reason, more and more subjects with low frequency residual hearing are being implanted with so called Hybrid or Electric-Acoustic-Stimulation (EAS) cochlear implant systems to preserve the residual hearing in the ear to be implanted. (isaar.eu)
Additionally, a group of more than 80 subjects with conventional cochlear implant systems on one side and residual acoustic hearing on the contralateral side will be demonstrated. (isaar.eu)
In this context, indication criteria for the use of acoustic amplification in cochlear implant subjects will be discussed. (isaar.eu)
Speech recognition in noise for cochlear implant listeners: benefits of residual acoustic hearing" J. Acoust. (isaar.eu)

She has published extensive peer-reviewed articles and book chapters, and her special interests are in hearing preservation, electro-acoustic stimulation, preoperative prediction of postoperative outcomes and image guided programming. (pluralpublishing.com)

When the researchers used tFUS to emit repeated bursts of ultrasound stimulation directly at excitatory neurons, they observed an elevated impulse rate, or spike. (technologynetworks.com)

We tested the hypothesis that: (i) the amplitude of the N1m response and (ii) its decrement during rapid stimulation are associated with the cortical neurochemistry as determined by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
This novel device with its unique features will enable for the first time the personalized non-invasive high-precision stimulation of cortical and subcortical targets in the human brain. (europa.eu)
Cortical electrical stimulation involves stimulating the cortical region of the brain. (medicalonlinedirectory.com)

The aim behind our proposed approach, similar to the bimodal approaches above, is to couple the effects of tRNS and acoustic stimulation (AS) for better temporary tinnitus suppression and possible reversal of maladaptive neuroplasticity related to tinnitus. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Background: The amplitude of acoustic startle reflex (ASR) and pre-pulse inhibition of the ASR are now widely used as behavioral readouts of tinnitus and hyperacusis. (cdc.gov)
Tinnitus can be described as a perception of sound that is not related to an external acoustic source. (cochrane.org)
Tinnitus is described as the perception of sound or noise in the absence of real acoustic stimulation. (cochrane.org)

Caloric stimulation is a test that uses differences in temperature to diagnose damage to the acoustic nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
Water caloric stimulation should not be done if the eardrum is torn (perforated). (medlineplus.gov)

This increases blood flow and allows you to get an erection in reaction to sexual stimulation. (windows.net)
Sexual stimulation is needed first to trigger the release of nitric oxide from your penile nerves. (windows.net)
These drugs work in response to sexual stimulation and must be taken at least half an hour to two hours before sexual activity. (cialzi.com)

Summary: SS reduces the neural output of the cochlea, but paradoxically enhanced sound-evoked PnC responses at high stimulation levels, consistent with the increase in ASR amplitude after SS treatment. (cdc.gov)

OAEs are acoustic waveforms recorded in the ear canal that are presumably related to outer hair cell electromotility, and thus are sensitive to changes in outer hair cell function induced by the MOC system (Guinan, 2006). (hearinghealthmatters.org)
In this project you will help develop automated, high-throughput methods for finding effective stimulation waveforms. (edu.au)

your acoustic nerve by delivering cold or warm water or air into your ear canal. (nih.gov)
This is because the tips of the acoustic nerve bundles that the implants stimulate become sickly and ineffective at absorbing the electrical signals. (medgadget.com)
For nerve stimulation during surgeries involving the brain and face. (medicalonlinedirectory.com)
This helps in monitoring the acoustic nerve , brainstem and cerebral cortex. (medicalonlinedirectory.com)

Does Acoustic Wave Therapy Help With Erectile Dysfunction? (asip1.org)

Fetal acoustic stimulation is becoming a common modality for antepartum testing. (nih.gov)

Acoustic wave therapy shares its mode of action with physiotherapy. (asip1.org)
This means that other means like acoustic wave therapy may also help ( 2 ). (asip1.org)
How Acoustic Wave Therapy Work? (asip1.org)
Acoustic wave therapy is also called low-intensity shock wave therapy. (asip1.org)
Acoustic wave therapy has a benefit of the ability to penetrate more in-depth, and advantage of deployment to difficult to reach body areas. (asip1.org)
Term acoustic wave therapy or shock wave therapy may sound sophisticated (or even frightening), but it is quite a simple thing that works on the well-proven principle, low-energy sound waves. (asip1.org)
qathet Physiotherapy offers Shockwave therapy, a non-invasive application of high-energy acoustic waves for the treatment of injury and chronic conditions. (qathetphysio.com)
Shockwave therapy or extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a non-invasive treatment that involves the propagation of high-energy acoustic waves that are directly applied to an injury site. (qathetphysio.com)
In optical therapy 1 2 3 , manipulation 4 , and stimulation 5 , having a sufficient photon density in a targeted region determines both efficacy and specificity, while for imaging, the optical spot size determines the resolution. (cdc.gov)

Therapeutic stimulation of neurons with electrical energy or chemicals-and potentially with acoustic waves-can amplify or dampen neuronal impulses in the brain or body. (technologynetworks.com)

In the active stimulation group, each session included 100 trains of 30 pulses at 10Hz (3 seconds) with 15-second intervals, for a total of 3000 pulses. (medscape.com)
During experiments with anesthetized rodents, the researchers penetrated the skull and brain with various brief pulses of acoustic waves, targeting specific neurons in the brain cortex. (technologynetworks.com)

This Bureau of Mines report examines the coal mine roof damage potential of stimulation treatments. (cdc.gov)

Results: Neurons in the PnC responded to acoustic stimulation with very short first-spike latencies (approx. (cdc.gov)

Acoustic signals in the form of ultrasound offer a promising class of neuromodulation which would be an especially valuable approach because it is non-invasive-no surgical procedure to implant electrodes for stimulation is required. (technologynetworks.com)

An emotion-modulated acoustic startle paradigm for inducing positive and negative affect was used to address pregoal and postgoal affect. (virginia.edu)

Anatomy of Acoustic Neuroma Elissa H. Kawamoto, B.S. Graduate Student, Department of. (hearinghealthmatters.org)

This study investigates the use calf muscle electrical stimulation (ES) to reduce seated leg fluid accumulation. (nature.com)

This shortening of the reaction time in rats and mice by LSD is due to an increased sensitivity of the central nervous system to sensory stimulation and to an acceleration processing of sensory stimulation. (erowid.org)

However, when noise signals are involved, both the electric signal and the acoustic signal may be distorted, thereby resulting in poor recognition performance. (embs.org)
Acoustic Simulations of Combined Electric and Acoustic Hearing (EAS)" Ear & Hearing. (isaar.eu)
Acoustic plus electric speech processing: preliminary results of a multicenter clinical trial of the Iowa/Nucleus Hybrid implant" Audiol. (isaar.eu)
Speech and melody recognition in binaurally combined acoustic and electric hearing" J. Acoust. (isaar.eu)
1 With the Naída CI Q90 sound processor and its built-in Electric Acoustic Stimulation (EAS)* capability, you get the best of both worlds. (advancedbionics.com)
The Naída CI Q90 Electric Acoustic Stimulation (EAS) capability is not yet available in all regions. (advancedbionics.com)
the other subjects were in the groups of electric stimulation-only (ES-only). (datadryad.org)
Bio-feedback, electric stimulation are well-documented ways to help. (asip1.org)
2010) Combining acoustic and electric stimulation in the service of speech recognition. (phonakpro.com)
Conditioned avoidance response of rats in the cage with electrically charged floor: If an acoustic signal is transmitted shortly before a regular electric shock, the animal learns soon to withdraw from the unpleasant stimulation by jumping onto a rod on hearing the acoustic signal. (erowid.org)
The patients associated with TMPRSS3 mutations are good candidates for electric acoustic stimulation. (cdc.gov)

Investigations on the influence of LSD on a conditioned avoidance response of rats and the reaction of mice to painful stimulations. (erowid.org)

This pilot study tested the efficacy of a 30-min audio-visual stimulation (AVS) program for the treatment of chronic insomnia in older adults. (researchgate.net)
In situ acoustic treatment of anaerobic digesters to improve biogas yields. (usda.gov)
During the 3-week treatment phase, active or sham stimulations were delivered in five 30-minute sessions per week. (medscape.com)
As acoustic wave treatment is not new by any means, there is lots of research into the area. (asip1.org)
Intramuscular Stimulation (IMS) is a total system for the diagnosis and treatment of myofascial and chronic pain conditions. (qathetphysio.com)

Results were indicative of a superior efficacy of combined electrical and acoustic approaches, while large-scale controlled studies have not been performed. (clinicaltrials.gov)

1988). Evoked otoacoustic emissions in patients with acoustic neuromas. (thieme-connect.com)

What it does is send high energy acoustic waves deep inside the tissues to improve blood flow and encourage healing. (asip1.org)

The reaction time (between onset of acoustic signal and jumping on the rod) is after pretreatment with 0.05-0.2 mg/kg LSD significantly shortened. (erowid.org)
Reaction of mice to painful stimulation: In the heat radiation test (heat radiation focused on the tail) the time between onset of stimulation and withdrawal of the tail is significantly shortened after 2 mg/kg LSD s.c. (erowid.org)

5],[6],[7] In recent years, inflammation is also considered one of the mechanisms of acoustic trauma. (noiseandhealth.org)

These observations show that additional processing and filtering of acoustic signals occur within the organ of Corti before inner hair cell excitation, representing a departure from established theories. (jneurosci.org)

If we can localize and target areas of the brain using acoustic, ultrasound energy, I believe we can potentially treat a myriad of neurological and psychiatric diseases and conditions. (nih.gov)

Overall, participants will undergo 20 stimulation visits and 6 additional assessment visits. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Before fetal acoustic stimulation becomes part of standard obstetric care, rigorous clinical testing is required. (nih.gov)
2011, a clinical syndrome involving No data are yet available to predict stimulation (Figure). (cdc.gov)

The parameter space for these stimulation pulse trains are enormous, involving for example, waveform shape, amplitude, duration, inter-pulse interval and phase. (edu.au)

Free radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been linked to acoustic trauma-induced hair cell loss. (noiseandhealth.org)

Stimulation of para-sympathetic nerves leads to dilatation of smooth-muscle-lined cavernosal sinuses which effects influx of blood with subsequent tumescence. (cialzi.com)

A pilot study conducted by Shekhawat and colleagues in 2015 tested the effects of simultaneous electrical and acoustic stimulation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Gentle sound stimulation played during deep sleep enhanced deep or slow-wave sleep for people with mild cognitive impairment, who are at risk for Alzheimer's disease, according to a Northwestern Medicine study. (northwestern.edu)
Gentle noise stimulation synchronized with an individual's brainwaves boosted cardiovascular health, according to a recent study. (northwestern.edu)
Therefore, in the present study, we experiment with activation of the skeletal pump using electrical stimulation (ES) of the gastrocnemius muscles to prevent leg fluid accumulation while seated. (nature.com)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of stimulated phase-shift acoustic nanodroplets (NDs) combined with vancomycin. (dovepress.com)

Variables used to describe the system are sound pressure, volume velocity, and acoustic impedance. (qxmd.com)
Sound can be transmitted from the car canal to the cochlea via two mechanisms: the tympano-ossicular system (ossicular coupling) and direct acoustic stimulation of the oval and round windows (acoustic coupling). (qxmd.com)

1991). Altered susceptibility of 2f 1 -f 2 acoustic-distortion products to the effects of repeated noise exposure in rabbits. (thieme-connect.com)

Phase-shift acoustic NDs could exert a significant bactericidal effect against MRSA biofilms through a new stimulation mode. (dovepress.com)

Furthermore, the high levels of stimulation that were used in some of these animal experiments were not typical of realistic exposure situations. (cdc.gov)

Recent success of a number of compounds in preventing hearing loss suggests other strategies for otoprotection, namely, making the cochlea biologically more resistant to acoustic injury or treating the acutely injured cochlea through pharmacologic intervention. (noiseandhealth.org)
The severity of conductive hearing loss due to middle-ear disease or after tympanoplasty surgery can be predicted by the degree to which ossicular coupling, acoustic coupling, and stapescochlear input impedance are altered. (qxmd.com)

This project aims to develop methods of active drug transport along the cochlea by acoustic stimulation. (acoustics.ac.uk)
The sham stimulation produced the same acoustic artifact and generated skin sensations mimicking those of the active stimulation, but it did not involve a magnetic field. (medscape.com)

This first request for proposals seeks preclinical projects relating to how different "modes" of focused ultrasound compare in terms of the immune response generated, and how this immune response correlates with biological, acoustic, and imaging metrics. (fusfoundation.org)