Acetyltransferases. Medical search

Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from acetyl coenzyme A, to another compound. EC 2.3.1.

Enzymes that catalyze acyl group transfer from ACETYL-CoA to HISTONES forming CoA and acetyl-histones.

Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A family of histone acetyltransferases that is structurally-related to CREB-BINDING PROTEIN and to E1A-ASSOCIATED P300 PROTEIN. They function as transcriptional coactivators by bridging between DNA-binding TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and the basal transcription machinery. They also modify transcription factors and CHROMATIN through ACETYLATION.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from ACETYL COENZYME A, to the N-terminus of a peptide chain.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of O-acetylcarnitine from acetyl-CoA plus carnitine. EC 2.3.1.7.

A member of the p300-CBP transcription factor family that was initially identified as a binding partner for CAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN. Mutations in CREB-binding protein are associated with RUBINSTEIN-TAYBI SYNDROME.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

A member of the p300-CBP transcription factors that was originally identified as a binding partner for ADENOVIRUS E1A PROTEINS.

An N-terminal acetyltransferase subtype that consists of the Naa50p catalytic subunit, and the Naa10p and Naa15p auxiliary subunits. It has specificity for the N-terminal METHIONINE of peptides where the next amino acid in the chain is hydrophobic.

Deacetylases that remove N-acetyl groups from amino side chains of the amino acids of HISTONES. The enzyme family can be divided into at least three structurally-defined subclasses. Class I and class II deacetylases utilize a zinc-dependent mechanism. The sirtuin histone deacetylases belong to class III and are NAD-dependent enzymes.

Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

An N-terminal acetyltransferase subtype that consists of the Naa10p catalytic subunit and the Naa15p auxiliary subunit. The structure of this enzyme is conserved between lower and higher eukaryotes. It has specificity for N-terminal SERINE; ALANINE; THREONINE; GLYCINE; VALINE; and CYSTINE residues and acts on nascent peptide chains after the removal of the initiator METHIONINE by METHIONYL AMINOPEPTIDASES.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

A group of 6-alkyl SALICYLIC ACIDS that are found in ANACARDIUM and known for causing CONTACT DERMATITIS.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without COENZYME A and has a wide specificity for aromatic amines, including SEROTONIN. However, arylamine N-acetyltransferase should not be confused with the enzyme ARYLALKYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE which is also referred to as SEROTONIN ACETYLTRANSFERASE.

Compounds that inhibit HISTONE DEACETYLASES. This class of drugs may influence gene expression by increasing the level of acetylated HISTONES in specific CHROMATIN domains.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

A mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of L-GLUTAMATE to N-acetyl-L-glutamate in the presence of ACETYL-COA.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

A class of weak acids with the general formula R-CONHOH.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A histone deacetylase subtype that is found along with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 2; RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4; and RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 as core components of histone deacetylase complexes.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. This core is composed of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.

Proteins involved in the assembly and disassembly of HISTONES into NUCLEOSOMES.

A histone deacetylase subtype that is found along with HISTONE DEACETYLASE 1; RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4; and RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 7 as core components of histone deacetylase complexes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The mechanisms effecting establishment, maintenance, and modification of that specific physical conformation of CHROMATIN determining the transcriptional accessibility or inaccessibility of the DNA.

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

Proteins transcribed from the E1A genome region of ADENOVIRUSES which are involved in positive regulation of transcription of the early genes of host infection.

A transcription factor that partners with ligand bound GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS and ESTROGEN RECEPTORS to stimulate GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. It plays an important role in FERTILITY as well as in METABOLISM of LIPIDS.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

A genetic process by which the adult organism is realized via mechanisms that lead to the restriction in the possible fates of cells, eventually leading to their differentiated state. Mechanisms involved cause heritable changes to cells without changes to DNA sequence such as DNA METHYLATION; HISTONE modification; DNA REPLICATION TIMING; NUCLEOSOME positioning; and heterochromatization which result in selective gene expression or repression.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Enzymes that catalyze the methylation of arginine residues of proteins to yield N-mono- and N,N-dimethylarginine. This enzyme is found in many organs, primarily brain and spleen.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Trans-acting transcription factors produced by retroviruses such as HIV. They are nuclear proteins whose expression is required for viral replication. The tat protein stimulates LONG TERMINAL REPEAT-driven RNA synthesis for both viral regulatory and viral structural proteins. tat stands for trans-activation of transcription.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Proteins encoded by the TAT GENES of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Single chains of amino acids that are the units of multimeric PROTEINS. Multimeric proteins can be composed of identical or non-identical subunits. One or more monomeric subunits may compose a protomer which itself is a subunit structure of a larger assembly.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2"), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (1/3280)

BACKGROUND: High-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci and staphylococci is conferred by AAC(6')-APH(2"), an enzyme with 6'-N-acetyltransferase and 2"-O-phosphotransferase activities. The presence of this enzyme in pathogenic gram-positive bacteria prevents the successful use of gentamicin C and most other aminoglycosides as therapeutic agents. RESULTS: In an effort to understand the mechanism of aminoglycoside modification, we expressed AAC(6')-APH(2") in Bacillus subtilis. The purified enzyme is monomeric with a molecular mass of 57 kDa and displays both the expected aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase and O-phosphotransferase activities. Structure-function analysis with various aminoglycosides substrates reveals an enzyme with broad specificity in both enzymatic activities, accounting for AAC(6')-APH(2")'s dramatic negative impact on clinical aminoglycoside therapy. Both lividomycin A and paromomycin, aminoglycosides lacking a 6'-amino group, were acetylated by AAC(6')-APH(2"). The infrared spectrum of the product of paromomycin acetylation yielded a signal consistent with O-acetylation. Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the products of neomycin phosphorylation indicated that phosphoryl transfer occurred primarily at the 3'-OH of the 6-aminohexose ring A, and that some diphosphorylated material was also present with phosphates at the 3'-OH and the 3"'-OH of ring D, both unprecedented observations for this enzyme. Furthermore, the phosphorylation site of lividomycin A was determined to be the 5"-OH of the pentose ring C. CONCLUSIONS: The bifunctional AAC(6')-APH(2") has the capacity to inactivate virtually all clinically important aminoglycosides through N- and O-acetylation and phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups. The extremely broad substrate specificity of this enzyme will impact on future development of aminoglycosides and presents a significant challenge for antibiotic design. (+info)

The amino-terminal C/H1 domain of CREB binding protein mediates zta transcriptional activation of latent Epstein-Barr virus. (2/3280)

Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is maintained as a nucleosome-covered episome that can be transcriptionally activated by overexpression of the viral immediate-early protein, Zta. We show here that reactivation of latent EBV by Zta can be significantly enhanced by coexpression of the cellular coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300. A stable complex containing both Zta and CBP could be isolated from lytically stimulated, but not latently infected RAJI nuclear extracts. Zta-mediated viral reactivation and transcriptional activation were both significantly inhibited by coexpression of the E1A 12S protein but not by an N-terminal deletion mutation of E1A (E1ADelta2-36), which fails to bind CBP. Zta bound directly to two related cysteine- and histidine-rich domains of CBP, referred to as C/H1 and C/H3. These domains both interacted specifically with the transcriptional activation domain of Zta in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Interestingly, we found that the C/H3 domain was a potent dominant negative inhibitor of Zta transcriptional activation function. In contrast, an amino-terminal fragment containing the C/H1 domain was sufficient for coactivation of Zta transcription and viral reactivation function. Thus, CBP can stimulate the transcription of latent EBV in a histone acetyltransferase-independent manner mediated by the CBP amino-terminal C/H1-containing domain. We propose that CBP may regulate aspects of EBV latency and reactivation by integrating cellular signals mediated by competitive interactions between C/H1, C/H3, and the Zta activation domain. (+info)

The histone acetylase PCAF is a phorbol-ester-inducible coactivator of the IRF family that confers enhanced interferon responsiveness. (3/3280)

Transcription factors of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family bind to the type I interferon (IFN)-responsive element (ISRE) and activate transcription from IFN-inducible genes. To identify cofactors that associate with IRF proteins, DNA affinity binding assays were performed with nuclear extracts prepared from tissue culture cells. The results demonstrated that the endogenous IRFs bound to the ISRE are complexed with the histone acetylases, PCAF, GCN5, and p300/CREB binding protein and that histone acetylase activities are accumulated on the IRF-ISRE complexes. By testing recombinant proteins, we show that PCAF directly binds to some but not all members of the IRF family through distinct domains of the two proteins. This interaction was functionally significant, since transfection of PCAF strongly enhanced IRF-1- and IRF-2-dependent promoter activities. Further studies showed that expression of PCAF and other histone acetylases was markedly induced in U937 cells upon phorbol ester treatment, which led to increased recruitment of PCAF to the IRF-ISRE complexes. Coinciding with the induction of histone acetylases, phorbol ester markedly enhanced IFN-alpha-stimulated gene expression in U937 cells. Supporting the role for PCAF in conferring IFN responsiveness, transfection of PCAF into U937 cells led to a large increase in IFN-alpha-inducible promoter activity. These results demonstrate that PCAF is a phorbol ester-inducible coactivator of the IRF proteins which contributes to the establishment of type I IFN responsiveness. (+info)

A novel H2A/H4 nucleosomal histone acetyltransferase in Tetrahymena thermophila. (4/3280)

Recently, we reported the identification of a 55-kDa polypeptide (p55) from Tetrahymena macronuclei as a catalytic subunit of a transcription-associated histone acetyltransferase (HAT A). Extensive homology between p55 and Gcn5p, a component of the SAGA and ADA transcriptional coactivator complexes in budding yeast, suggests an immediate link between the regulation of chromatin structure and transcriptional output. Here we report the characterization of a second transcription-associated HAT activity from Tetrahymena macronuclei. This novel activity is distinct from complexes containing p55 and putative ciliate SAGA and ADA components and shares several characteristics with NuA4 (for nucleosomal H2A/H4), a 1.8-MDa, Gcn5p-independent HAT complex recently described in yeast. A key feature of both the NuA4 and Tetrahymena activities is their acetylation site specificity for lysines 5, 8, 12, and 16 of H4 and lysines 5 and 9 of H2A in nucleosomal substrates, patterns that are distinct from those of known Gcn5p family members. Moreover, like NuA4, the Tetrahymena activity is capable of activating transcription from nucleosomal templates in vitro in an acetyl coenzyme A-dependent fashion. Unlike NuA4, however, sucrose gradient analyses of the ciliate enzyme, following sequential denaturation and renaturation, estimate the molecular size of the catalytically active subunit to be approximately 80 kDa, consistent with the notion that a single polypeptide or a stable subcomplex is sufficient for this H2A/H4 nucleosomal HAT activity. Together, these data document the importance of this novel HAT activity for transcriptional activation from chromatin templates and suggest that a second catalytic HAT subunit, in addition to p55/Gcn5p, is conserved between yeast and Tetrahymena. (+info)

In vivo and in vitro processing of the Bacillus subtilis transcript coding for glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, serine acetyltransferase, and cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. (5/3280)

In Bacillus subtilis, the adjacent genes gltX, cysE, and cysS encoding respectively glutamyl-tRNA synthetase, serine acetyl-transferase, and cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, are transcribed as an operon but a gltX probe reveals only the presence of a monocistronic gltX mRNA (Gagnon et al., 1994, J Biol Chem 269:7473-7482). The transcript of the gltX-cysE intergenic region contains putative alternative secondary structures forming a p-independent terminator or an antiterminator, and a conserved sequence (T-box) found in the leader of most aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and many amino acid biosynthesis genes in B. subtilis and in other Gram-positive eubacteria. The transcription of these genes is initiated 45 nt upstream from the first codon of gltX and is under the control of a sigmaA-type promoter. Analysis of the in vivo transcript of this operon revealed a cleavage site immediately downstream from the p-independent terminator structure. In vitro transcription analysis, using RNA polymerases from Escherichia coli, B. subtilis, and that encoded by the T7 phage, in the presence of various RNase inhibitors, shows the same cleavage. This processing generates mRNAs whose 5'-end half-lives differ by a factor of 2 in rich medium, and leaves putative secondary structures at the 3' end of the gltX transcript and at the 5' end of the cysE/S mRNA, which may be involved in the stabilization of these mRNAs. By its mechanism and its position, this cleavage differs from that of the other known transcripts encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in B. subtilis. (+info)

Overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase under the control of mouse metallothionein I promoter in transgenic mice: evidence for a striking post-transcriptional regulation of transgene expression by a polyamine analogue. (6/3280)

We recently generated a transgenic mouse line overexpressing spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) gene under its own promoter. The tissue polyamine pools of these animals were profoundly affected and the mice were hairless from early age. We have now generated another transgenic-mouse line overexpressing the SSAT gene under the control of a heavy-metal-inducible mouse metallothionein I (MT) promoter. Even in the absence of heavy metals, changes in the tissue polyamine pools indicated that a marked activation of polyamine catabolism had occurred in the transgenic animals. As with the SSAT transgenic mice generated previously, the mice of the new line (MT-SSAT) suffered permanent hair loss, but this occurred considerably later than in the previous SSAT transgenic animals. Liver was the most affected tissue in the MT-SSAT transgenic animals, revealed by putrescine overaccumulation, significant decrease in spermidine concentration and >90% reduction in the spermine pool. Even though hepatic SSAT mRNA accumulated to massive levels in non-induced transgenic animals, SSAT activity was only moderately elevated. Administration of ZnSO4 further elevated the level of hepatic SSAT message and induced enzyme activity, but not more than 2- to 3-fold. Treatment of the transgenic animals with the polyamine analogue N1,N11-diethylnorspermine (DENSPM) resulted in an immense induction, more than 40000-fold, of enzyme activity in the liver of transgenic animals, and minor changes in the SSAT mRNA level. Liver spermidine and spermine pools were virtually depleted within 1-2 days in response to the treatment with the analogue. The treatment also resulted in a marked mortality (up to 60%) among the transgenic animals which showed ultrastructural changes in the liver, most notably mitochondrial swelling, one of the earliest signs of cell injury. These results indicated that, even without its own promoter, SSAT is powerfully induced by the polyamine analogue through a mechanism that appears to involve a direct translational and/or heterogenous nuclear RNA processing control. It is likewise significant that overexpression of SSAT renders the animals extremely sensitive to polyamine analogues. (+info)

Virus infection leads to localized hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the IFN-beta promoter. (7/3280)

Transcriptional activation of the human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene by virus infection requires the assembly of a higher order nucleoprotein complex, the enhanceosome, which consists of the transcriptional activators NF-kappa B (p50/p65), ATF-2/c-jun, IRF-3 and IRF-7, architectural protein HMGI(Y), and the coactivators p300 and CBP. In this report, we show that virus infection of cells results in a dramatic hyperacetylation of histones H3 and H4 that is localized to the IFN-beta promoter. Furthermore, expressing a truncated version of IRF-3, which lacks a p300/CBP interaction domain, suppresses both histone hyperacetylation and activation of the IFN-beta gene. Thus, coactivator-mediated localized hyperacetylation of histones may play a crucial role in inducible gene expression. (+info)

A viral mechanism for inhibition of p300 and PCAF acetyltransferase activity. (8/3280)

Nucleosomal histone modification is believed to be a critical step in the activation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. p300/CBP and PCAF histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are coactivators for several transcription factors, including nuclear hormone receptors, p53, and Stat1alpha, and participate in transcription by forming an activation complex and by promoting histone acetylation. The adenoviral E1A oncoprotein represses transcriptional signaling by binding to p300/CBP and displacing PCAF and p/CIP proteins from the complex. Here, we show that E1A directly represses the HAT activity of both p300/CBP and PCAF in vitro and p300-dependent transcription in vivo. Additionally, E1A inhibits nucleosomal histone modifications by the PCAF complex and blocks p53 acetylation. These results demonstrate the modulation of HAT activity as a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation. (+info)

Histone acetylation, or the addition of an acetyl group to histones, is facilitated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) which ... Roth SY, Denu JM, Allis CD (2001-06-01). "Histone acetyltransferases". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 70 (1): 81-120. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone-modifying_enzymes

Histone Acetyltransferases, also known as HATs, are a family of enzymes that acetylate the histone tails of the nucleosome. ... Wang Y, Miao X, Liu Y, Li F, Liu Q, Sun J, Cai L (2014). "Dysregulation of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases in ... The process is aided by factors known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs). HAT molecules facilitate the transfer of an acetyl ... This family includes Sas3, essential SAS-related acetyltransferase (Esa1), Sas2, Tip60, MOF, MOZ, MORF, and HBO1. The members ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_acetylation_and_deacetylation

Histone acetyltransferase 1, also known as HAT1, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the HAT1 gene. The protein encoded ... "Entrez Gene: histone acetyltransferase 1". Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, et al. (2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific ... 2007). "Properties of the type B histone acetyltransferase Hat1: H4 tail interaction, site preference, and involvement in DNA ... Marmorstein R (2001). "Structure of histone acetyltransferases". J. Mol. Biol. 311 (3): 433-44. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.4859. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAT1

These studies claim that ABT is a more potent inhibitor of N-acetyltransferase 2 compared with N-acetyltransferase 1. Strong JM ... N-Acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines and aromatic amines ... Procainamide is metabolized in the liver to acecainide by N-acetyltransferase, an enzyme that is genetically determined. ... Evans DA (1989). "N-acetyltransferase". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 42 (2): 157-234. doi:10.1016/0163-7258(89)90036-3. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acecainide

"Inhibition of Histone Acetyltransferases by CTK7A and Mthods thereof". Method for inhibiting histone acetyltransferases by ... of histone acetyltransferases". Use of certain benzoic acid and benzamide compounds as modulators of enzymes histone ... a natural histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, represses chromatin transcription and alters global gene expression". Journal of ... "Nanosphere-histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activator composition, process and methods thereof". A composition including ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapas_Kumar_Kundu

Choline, in combination with acetyl-CoA, is catalyzed by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase to produce acetylcholine and ... This acetylation is catalyzed by acetyltransferases. This acetylation affects cell growth, mitosis, and apoptosis. Allosteric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA

A tubulin acetyltransferase is located in the axoneme, and acetylates the α-tubulin subunit in an assembled microtubule. Once ... Feng J, Hu J, Li Y, Li R, Yu H, Ma L (September 2020). "The N-Terminal Acetyltransferase Naa50 Regulates Arabidopsis Growth and ... The acetylated residue of α-tubulin is K40, which is catalyzed by α-tubulin acetyl-transferase (α-TAT) in human. The ... The identification of the crystal structure of acetylation of α-tubulin acetyl-transferase (α-TAT) also sheds a light on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_acetylation

Choline acetyltransferase (also known as ChAT or CAT) is an important enzyme which produces the neurotransmitter acetylcholine ... Strauss WL, Kemper RR, Jayakar P, Kong CF, Hersh LB, Hilt DC, Rabin M (Feb 1991). "Human choline acetyltransferase gene maps to ... "Choline O-Acetyltransferase". GeneCards: The Human Gene Compendium. Weizmann Institute of Science. Retrieved 5 December 2013. ... Maselli RA, Chen D, Mo D, Bowe C, Fenton G, Wollmann RL (Feb 2003). "Choline acetyltransferase mutations in myasthenic syndrome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferase

An example of a selectable marker which is also a reporter in bacteria is the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, ... Smale, S. T. (2010-05-01). "Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Assay". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2010 (5): pdb.prot5422. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporter_gene

Python F, Stocker RF (2002) Immunoreactivity against choline acetyltransferase, gamma-aminobutyric acid, histamine, octopamine ... Python, F; Stocker, Reinhard F. (2002-10-08). "Immunoreactivity against choline acetyltransferase, ?-aminobutyric acid, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard_F._Stocker

Sadoul K, Boyault C, Pabion M, Khochbin S (2008). "Regulation of protein turnover by acetyltransferases and deacetylases". ... Typically, these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H4K8ac

MAP3K4 controls the activity of CBP histone acetyltransferase which acetylates histones H2A and H2B to maintain the trophoblast ... Typically, these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity ... "Regulation of protein turnover by acetyltransferases and deacetylases". Biochimie. 90 (2): 306-12. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2007.06 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H2BK5ac

Typically, these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity ... "Regulation of protein turnover by acetyltransferases and deacetylases". Biochimie. 90 (2): 306-12. doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2007.06 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3K36ac

Histone acetyltransferase KAT2A is the specific reader. Proteins are typically acetylated on lysine residues and this reaction ... Sadoul K, Boyault C, Pabion M, Khochbin S (2008). "Regulation of protein turnover by acetyltransferases and deacetylases". ... Typically, these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H4K91ac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3K27ac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H4K5ac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3K56ac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3K9ac

Starheim KK, Gevaert K, Arnesen T (April 2012). "Protein N-terminal acetyltransferases: when the start matters". Trends in ... HATs function similarly to N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) but their acetylation is reversible unlike in NATs. HAT ... Many coactivators have histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity meaning that they can acetylate specific lysine residues on the ... Some coactivators also have histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. HATs form large multiprotein complexes that weaken the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coactivator_(genetics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3K23ac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H4K12ac

Histone acetylation Sadoul K, Boyault C, Pabion M, Khochbin S (2008). "Regulation of protein turnover by acetyltransferases and ... Typically, these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) or histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity ... for chromatin structure and function in a variety of eukaryotes and is catalyzed by specific histone lysine acetyltransferases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H4K16ac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3K14ac

Glycine C-acetyltransferase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCAT gene. The degradation of L-threonine to glycine ... "Entrez Gene: Glycine C-acetyltransferase". Jacquot C, Lanco X, Carbonnelle D, Sevestre O, Tomasoni C, Briad G, Juget M, Roussis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCAT

Finally, lacA encodes Galactoside acetyltransferase. It would be wasteful to produce enzymes when no lactose is available or if ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac_operon

CBP has intrinsic acetyltransferase functions; it is able to add acetyl groups to both transcription factors as well as histone ... CBP (and p300) have been shown to interact with E2F proteins as both a coactivator, and as an acetyltransferase, the latter of ... This relatively unique acetyltransferase activity is also seen in another transcription enzyme, EP300 (p300). Together, they ... CBP has two critical mechanisms by which it is able to regulate gene expression: as an acetyltransferase, and as a protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CREB-binding_protein

AANAT is a gene that encodes an enzyme aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase. It is the key regulator of day-night cycle (circadian ... The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acetyltransferase superfamily. It is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin ... "Entrez Gene: Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase". "AANAT". NCBI. Retrieved 2 November 2014. v t e This article incorporates text ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AANAT_(gene)

Histone acetyltransferase p300 also known as p300 HAT or E1A-associated protein p300 (where E1A = adenovirus early region 1A) ... p300 HAT functions as histone acetyltransferase that regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling, and is important in the ... It functions as histone acetyltransferase that regulates transcription of genes via chromatin remodeling by allowing histone ... "Regulation of histone acetyltransferases p300 and PCAF by the bHLH protein twist and adenoviral oncoprotein E1A". Cell. 96 (3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EP300

Acetyltransferases CBP and p300 bind to the transactivation domain. AP1, STAT5 and VDR bind to C-terminal domain. Also, ETS1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETS1

2002). "Previously uncharacterized histone acetyltransferases implicated in mammalian spermatogenesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIST2H2AC

... acetyltransferase Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase Serotonin N-acetyltransferase NatA Acetyltransferase NatB acetyltransferase ... Examples include: Histone acetyltransferases including CBP histone acetyltransferase Choline ... Acetyltransferase (or transacetylase) is a type of transferase enzyme that transfers an acetyl group. ... Acyltransferase Acetylation Acetyltransferases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyltransferase

... catalyzed by acetyl CoA-dependent arylamine acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, may play an important role in the intricate series ... Human acetyltransferase polymorphisms Mutat Res. 1997 May 12;376(1-2):61-70. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00026-2. ... Two independently regulated and kinetically distinct human acetyltransferases are now known to exist, namely NAT1 and NAT2. ... catalyzed by acetyl CoA-dependent arylamine acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, may play an important role in the intricate series ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9202739/

Nα-acetyltransferases (Nats) possess a wide range of important biological functions. Their structures can vary according to the ... Nα-acetyltransferase (Nat) performs this modification and transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to an α ... Interestingly, this N-acetyltransferase (Nat) orthologs in Sulfolobus solfataricus as a potential Nat catalytic subunit, but no ... Acetyltransferase activity assay. The 50-μL reaction mixture contained 2 μM enzyme solution (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mM ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep08673?error=cookies_not_supported&code=852bc8c4-3756-46e8-97ce-30f4f11eb3a1

N-acetyl transferase, NAT. Timeline for Protein Probable acetyltransferase Atu2258 from d.108.1.1: N-acetyl transferase, NAT: * ... N-acetyl transferase, NAT first appeared in SCOP 1.73. *Protein Probable acetyltransferase Atu2258 from d.108.1.1: N-acetyl ... Family d.108.1.1: N-acetyl transferase, NAT [55730] (58 proteins). *. Protein Probable acetyltransferase Atu2258 [143656] (1 ... Lineage for Protein: Probable acetyltransferase Atu2258. *Root: SCOPe 2.08 *. Class d: Alpha and beta proteins (a+b) [53931] ( ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=143656

View Goat Polyclonal anti-Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody (NBP1-30052). Validated Applications: WB, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-Fr ... Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody Summary. Immunogen. Native choline acetyltransferase purifed from human placenta ... PTMs for Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody (NBP1-30052). Learn more about PTMs related to Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT ... Blogs on Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT. Check out the latest blog posts on Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT. ...

https://www.novusbio.com/products/choline-acetyltransferase-chat-antibody_nbp1-30052

elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 5provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:30617 See related. Ensembl: ... ELP5 elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 5 [ Homo sapiens (human) ] Gene ID: 23587, updated on 26-Oct-2022 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/23587

Identification of a polyamine acetyltransferase activity in human serum MARK E. NUTTALL; MARK E. NUTTALL ... MARK E. NUTTALL, ANDREW K. SCOTT, HEATHER M. WALLACE; Identification of a polyamine acetyltransferase activity in human serum. ...

https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/14/5/917/95694/Identification-of-a-polyamine-acetyltransferase?redirectedFrom=PDF

Ko MH, Puglielli L. (2009) Two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/ER Golgi intermediate compartment-based lysine acetyltransferases ... ER Golgi Intermediate Compartment-Based Lysine Acetyltransferases Post-Translationally Regulate BACE1 Levels. ... Puglielli, MD, PhD, L. Two Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)/ER Golgi Intermediate Compartment-Based Lysine Acetyltransferases Post- ... Ko MH, Puglielli L. (2009) Two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/ER Golgi intermediate compartment-based lysine acetyltransferases ...

https://www.waisman.wisc.edu/publications/two-endoplasmic-reticulum-erer-golgi-intermediate-compartment-based-lysine-acetyltransferases-post-translationally-regulate-bace1-levels/

DNA

https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357476

View mouse Naa60 Chr16:3690365-3722645 with: sequences, polymorphisms, proteins, references, function

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1922013

Choline Acetyltransferase) antibody. ChAT serves as a specific marker for cholinergic neurons in both peripheral and central ... Murine choline-O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) is a 71,721 dalton protein(640 amino acids) expressed in cholinergic neurons of ...

https://www.neuromics.com/MO20019?cookie=item_id%3A860&cookie=item_size_id%3A860&cookie=item_price%3A175.00

Showing Protein Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (HMDBP00052). IdentificationBiological propertiesGene properties ... Acceptor substrate binding revealed by crystal structure of human glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1. FEBS Lett. ... Structural and kinetic differences between human and Aspergillus fumigatus D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase. ...

https://hmdb.ca/proteins/HMDBP00052

N-acetyltransferase 1 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase), AAC1, Arylamide acetylase 1, Monomorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferase, ... NAT1 is a member of the arylamine N-acetyltransferase family. NAT1 catalyzes N- or O-acetylation of heterocyclic and arylamine ... Several alleles triggering high levels of N-acetyltransferase activity were linked to colon and urinary bladder cancers, since ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/nat1_human

Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the human brain: changes in Huntingtons chorea. ... Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the human brain: changes in Huntingtons chorea. ... Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the human brain: changes in Huntingtons chorea. ...

https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/38/7/669.share

Legube G, Linares LK, Tyteca S, Caron C, Scheffner M, Chevillard-Briet M, Trouche D (2004) Role of the histone acetyl ... Sun Y, Jiang X, Chen S Fernandes N, Price BD (2005) A role for the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase in the acetylation and ... Cao X, Sudhof TC (2001) A transcriptionally active complex of APP with Fe65 and histone acetyltransferase Tip60. Science 293: ... Korzus E, Rosenfeld MG, Mayford M (2004) CBP histone acetyltransferase activity is a critical component of memory consolidation ...

https://www.eneuro.org/content/1/1/ENEURO.0019-14.2014.long

acetyl phosphate + L-lysine <=> H(+) + N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine + ...

https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/2.3.1.32

Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase-1 Binds to Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1a (HIF-1a) and RACK1 and Promotes Ubiquitination ... Spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase 2 is an essential component of the ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates hypoxia- ... Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase Specifically Binds to the Integrin 9 Subunit Cytoplasmic Domain and Enhances Cell ... Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase specifically binds to the integrin alpha9 subunit cytoplasmic domain and enhances cell ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/018/124/018124778.php

NAA10 p.(D10G) and NAA10 p.(L11R) variants hamper formation of the NatA N-terminal acetyltransferase complex. Mc Tiernan, Nina ... The majority of the human proteome is subjected to N-terminal (Nt) acetylation catalysed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs ...

https://bora.uib.no/bora-xmlui/handle/11250/2763997

Dive into the research topics of Acetyl-CoA: lyso-platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity in neutrophils from ... Acetyl-CoA: lyso-platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity in neutrophils from asthmatic and normal subjects. ...

https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/acetyl-coa-lyso-platelet-activating-factor-acetyltransferase-acti/fingerprints/

Cyclic AMP-induced conformational changes in mycobacterial protein acetyltransferases. Authors: Nambi, S.. Badireddy, S.. ... where cAMP regulates the activity of an associated protein acetyltransferase domain. In the current study, we have monitored ... positioned between the CNB domain and the acetyltransferase domain) in allosteric coupling of cAMP binding to activation of ... Cyclic AMP-induced conformational changes in mycobacterial protein acetyltransferases. Journal of Biological Chemistry 287 (22 ...

https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/100389

Gai X, Tu K, Li C, Lu Z, Roberts LR, Zheng X. Histone acetyltransferase PCAF accelerates apoptosis by repressing a GLI1/BCL2/ ... Histone acetyltransferase PCAF accelerates apoptosis by repressing a GLI1/BCL2/BAX axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Cell ... Gai, X., Tu, K., Li, C., Lu, Z., Roberts, L. R., & Zheng, X. (2015). Histone acetyltransferase PCAF accelerates apoptosis by ... Histone acetyltransferase PCAF accelerates apoptosis by repressing a GLI1/BCL2/BAX axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. / Gai, X ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/histone-acetyltransferase-pcaf-accelerates-apoptosis-by-repressin

Functional effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of human N-acetyltransferase 1. ... Functional effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of human N-acetyltransferase 1. Together they form ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/functional-effects-of-single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-in-the-codi/fingerprints/

N-Acetyl Transferases. https://louisville.edu/medicine/departments/pharmacology/news-information/nat. Genetic Information Web ...

https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/resources/books/huge/tables/chap09_tables.htm

Intrinsic chromosomal acetyltransferases involved in aminoglycoside resistance have been identified in a number of bacteria. In ... The chromosomal 2-N-acetyltransferase of Providencia stuartii: physiological functions and genetic regulation. Front. Biosci ... Providencia stuartii, a chromosomal acetyltransferase (AAC(2)-Ia) has been characterized in detail. In addition to the ability ...

https://www.imrpress.com/journal/FBL/4/4/10.2741/macinga

N-acetyltransferase activity--a susceptibility factor in human bladder carcinogenesis.. Authors: Dewan, A. Chattopadhyay, P. ... N-acetyltransferase activity--a susceptibility factor in human bladder carcinogenesis. Indian Journal of Cancer. 1995 Mar; 32(1 ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/50097

Coordinate regulation of choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptide mRNAs by ciliary neurotrophic factor ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7518494/

ACAT1: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1. *ACE: angiotensin I converting enzyme. *ACOX1: acyl-CoA oxidase 1 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene

Genetic polymorphisms of arylamine N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 and the likelihood of developing pediatric acute lymphoblastic ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/207631-105104/what-is-the-role-of-genetics-in-the-etiology-of-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-all

DLAT: dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase. *DLD: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. *DLL3: delta like canonical Notch ligand 3 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene-d/

O-acetyltransferase. 636. 33. (29). ctrG (NEIS0049). ctrG/NMB0065. Putative role in surface expression of sialic capsules. 957 ... The Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A capsular polysaccharide O-3 and O-4 acetyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:42765-73 ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/19/4/11-1799-t3.htm

Western Blot: Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody [NBP1-30052] - Rat brain lysate showing specific immunolabeling of the ~70k ChAT. (novusbio.com)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody [NBP1-30052] - Representative images of lumbar spinal cord sections at 130 days immunostained with Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody [NBP1-30052] - Rat brainstem showing specific labeling using the anti-ChAT antibody. (novusbio.com)
Murine choline-O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) is a 71,721 dalton protein(640 amino acids) expressed in cholinergic neurons of both the PNS and CNS. (neuromics.com)
Regional distribution of choline acetyltransferase in the human brain: changes in Huntington's chorea. (bmj.com)
A DNA fragment of 219 bp was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on human genomic DNA using two oligonucleotide mixtures derived from peptide sequences of human placenta choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and from partially conserved amino acid sequences of rat, porcine and Drosophila ChAT. (elsevier.com)
Acetylcholine, synthesized in the cytoplasm of cholinergic neurons by choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), is packaged in synaptic vesicles by vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). (elsevier.com)
Choline acetyltransferase neurons within the vertical diagonal music group of Broca (vChATs) degenerate in the first stage of Alzheimers disease (Advertisement). (a-966492.com)
Within the hippocampus, ACh is certainly released from axon terminals of choline acetyltransferase neurons (ChATs) within the vertical diagonal music group of Broca (vDB) (vChATs) and is important in a variety of cognitive actions, such as interest, learning and storage and awareness14C17. (a-966492.com)
Trigeminal fibre collaterals storing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide associate with ganglion cells containing choline acetyltransferase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the sphenopalatine ganglion of the rat. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Trigeminal fibre collaterals storing substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide associate with ganglion cells containing choline acetyltransferase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the sphenopalatine ganglion of the rat. (elsevier.com)
It was autumn 2018, and the research group had been toiling for years with choline acetyltransferase. (foi.se)

Acetyltransferase (or transacetylase) is a type of transferase enzyme that transfers an acetyl group. (wikipedia.org)
Depletion of spermidine and spermine via type I interferon signaling-mediated induction of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SAT1), a key catabolic enzyme in the polyamine pathway, restricts CHIKV and ZIKV replication. (luc.edu)
The enzyme in question is called NAA80, and it belongs to the group of N-terminal acetyltransferases, or NATs. (uib.no)
CBP is an acetyltransferase, an enzyme that directly regulates DNA and the genes it contains. (sciencenews.org)
An N-acetyltransferase (NAT) enzyme has been identified in many mycobacterial species. (warwick.ac.uk)

The majority of the human proteome is subjected to N-terminal (Nt) acetylation catalysed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs). (uib.no)
Decreased histone H4R3 symmetric methylation is followed by increased nuclear acetylation of H4K5, and is rescued by pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferases. (nature.com)
In this report, we describe roles of the NuA4 acetyltransferase and histone H4 acetylation in replication fork protection in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. (umassmed.edu)
CONCLUSION: Overall, this study indicates that α-tubulin acetylation could play a role in the anti-angiogenic effect of CPTH6 and, more in general, it adds information to the role of histone acetyltransferases in tumor angiogenesis, and proposes the inhibition of these enzymes as an antiangiogenic therapy of cancer. (unich.it)
Acetylation of alpha MSH and beta-endorphin by rat neurointermediate pituitary secretory granule-associated acetyltransferase. (glembotskilab.org)
A number of transcriptional coactivator proteins have been identified as histone acetyltransferase (HAT) proteins, providing a direct molecular basis for the coupling of histone acetylation and transcriptional activation. (elsevier.com)
In vivo , acetylation is controlled by the antagonistic activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). (activemotif.com)
By preserving chromatin structure and maintaining genome stability, histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and acetyltransferases (HATs) may act as tumor suppressors by retaining methylation and acetylation at specific histone residues. (ift.org)
The enzymes responsible for this reversible acetylation/deacetylation process are histone acetyltransferases(HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. (genetex.com)

Two independently regulated and kinetically distinct human acetyltransferases are now known to exist, namely NAT1 and NAT2. (nih.gov)
We investigated the possible correlations between N-acetyltransferase-2 ( NAT2 ) gene polymorphisms and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). (geneticsmr.com)
BACKGROUND: The mouse has three arylamine N-acetyltransferase genes, (MOUSE)Nat1, (MOUSE)Nat2 and (MOUSE)Nat3. (ox.ac.uk)

Nα-acetyltransferase (Nat) performs this modification and transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to an α-amino group from the first residue of the protein substrate. (nature.com)
P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase (HAT), has been found to regulate numerous cell signaling pathways controlling cell fate by acetylating both histone and non-histone proteins.We previously reported that PCAF upregulates cell apoptosis by inactivating Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 1 (AKT1) signaling and consequently inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell growth. (elsevier.com)
The p300/cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP) family members include human p300 and cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein, which are both important transcriptional coactivators and histone acetyltransferases. (elsevier.com)
To characterise chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, a construct containing the CAT gene, expression equipment, a fluorescent protein gene (GFP or RFP) and the 5' and 3' amyE integration sequences was assembled and integrated into B. subtilis . (igem.org)
Protein synthesis in the cultured rat pineal gland was monitored during the course of N-acetyltransferase induction by (l-isoproterenol or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. (wustl.edu)
Morrissey, JJ & Lovenberg, W 1978, ' Protein synthesis in pineal gland during serotonin-N-acetyltransferase induction ', Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 1-7. (wustl.edu)
Bromodomain- and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) is a multidomain histone binder and a master activator of three lysine acetyltransferases, MOZ, MORF and HBO1, which are also known as KAT6A, KAT6B and KAT7, respectively. (canada.ca)
Moreover, further research is required to characterise LPCAT2 as a protein acetyltransferase. (portlandpress.com)
In the present study, we report that the 56 kD antigen is the protein X of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and that it possesses cross-reactive antimitochondrial autoantibody epitope(s) with the 74 kD antigen, the acetyltransferase (E2) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. (scripps.edu)
Mapping the local protein interactome of the NuA3 histone acetyltransferase. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The encoded protein shows amino acid sequence similarity to N-acetyltransferases. (origene.com)
The yeast Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex requires the coactivator protein Gcn5 for HAT activity. (elsevier.com)
This protein also interacts with, and thus is acetlyated by MCM3AP, a chromatin-associated acetyltransferase. (abnova.com)
Shukla V, Cuenin C, Dubey N, Herceg Z. (2011) Loss of histone acetyltransferase cofactor transformation/transcription domain-associated protein impairs liver regeneration after toxic injury. (who.int)

Characterization of the Chromosomal Aminoglycoside 2'-N-Acetyltransferase Gene from Mycobacterium Fortuitum. (mediu.edu.my)
A novel gene encoding an aminoglycoside 2'-N-acetyltransferase (AAC) was cloned from Mycobacterium fortuitum. (mediu.edu.my)
Putative involvement of the histone acetyltransferase Tip60 in ribosomal gene transcription. (ox.ac.uk)
Drosophila promoter fusion stocks containing a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene fused to a 2·8 kb DNA fragment from the Rh1 opsin promoter were carotenoid deprived from egg to adult, and then adults were replaced by feeding carrot juice. (elsevier.com)
The distribution of -acetyltransferase 2 gene () polymorphisms varies considerably among different ethnic groups. (tbdrugaccelerator.org)
Neuroscientist Leslie M. Thompson of the University of California, Irvine and her colleagues have now found that Htt not only binds to CBP and other acetyltransferases, but also prevents these enzymes from doing their normal gene-orchestrating jobs. (sciencenews.org)
A putative acetyltransferase gene was found downstream of wzx in both strains. (elsevier.com)
Comparison of the region between gnd and hisI revealed that the wzx and acetyltransferase genes are closely related between E. coli O59 and O155, indicating that the two gene clusters arose recently from a common ancestor. (elsevier.com)
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) acetylate lysine residues of histones thereby activating gene expression. (biorxiv.org)
We finally added the expression of a yeast acetyltransferase gene ATF1 and could then confirm also ( Z )-11-hexadecenyl acetate release from the plant. (biomedcentral.com)

Novel small-molecule inhibitors of arylamine N-acetyltransferases: drug discovery by high-throughput screening. (ox.ac.uk)
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are a family of enzymes found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. (ox.ac.uk)
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) were partially purified from human breast tumor tissues with complete separation of the isoforms in DEAE-Cellulose ion-exchange step. (metu.edu.tr)
The interindividual variation in the conjugation of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and of sulfamethazine (SMZ) by cytosolic arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) were investigated in 30 human breast tumor and matched samples. (metu.edu.tr)
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes well-characterized in several bacteria and eukaryotic organisms. (usda.gov)
Arylamine N-Acetyltransferases in Health and Disease : from Pharmacogenetics to Drug Discovery and Diagnostic. (warwick.ac.uk)

Nα-acetyltransferases (Nats) possess a wide range of important biological functions. (nature.com)

The acetyltransferase KAT7 is required for thymic epithelial cell expansion, expression of AIRE target genes, and thymic tolerance. (edu.au)

British Library EThOS: Investigation of polymorphisms in human arylamine N-acetyltransferase. (bl.uk)

Conjugation of primary amino and hydroxylamino groups with acetate, catalyzed by acetyl CoA-dependent arylamine acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, may play an important role in the intricate series of metabolic pathways that produce or prevent toxicity following exposure to homo- and heterocyclic arylamine and hydrazine xenobiotics. (nih.gov)
Although the role of these enzymes in transcriptional regulation has been extensively documented, the molecular mechanisms of p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferase catalysis are poorly understood. (elsevier.com)
These findings have helped identify enzymes involved in epigenetic mechanisms, such as the histone deacetylase, histone acetyltransferase, and DNA methyltransferase enzymes, as novel therapeutic targets for the development of future pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcoholism. (nih.gov)
Cancer researchers already have developed drugs that inhibit enzymes that undo the actions of acetyltransferases. (sciencenews.org)
Additionally, in collaboration with Dr. Owen O'Connor at the Center for Lymphoid Malignancies at Columbia University, Fiorito generated a library of small molecules acting on histone acetyltransferase (HAT) enzymes, which play an essential role within the epigenetic mechanisms of proliferation and differentiation in cancer cells. (nyit.edu)

The identification, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of naphthoquinone derivatives as selective inhibitors of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 and mouse arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 are described. (ox.ac.uk)

We report here a novel interaction between Arc and Tip60, a histone-acetyltransferase and subunit of a chromatin-remodelling complex, using biochemistry and super-resolution microscopy in primary rat hippocampal neurons. (eneuro.org)
We now report that Arc interacts with the histone acetyltransferase Tip60, a subunit of the NuA4 chromatin modifying complex that functions in transcriptional regulation, implicated in Alzheimer's disease. (eneuro.org)

Histone acetyltransferase p300 is a crucial transcriptional coactivator and has been implicated as a poor prognostic factor in human cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
p300 is a member of the histone acetyltransferase family of transcriptional coactivators. (biomedcentral.com)

Spermidine/spermine-N(1)-acetyltransferase: a key metabolic regulator. (semanticscholar.org)
Interferon-Induced Spermidine-Spermine Acetyltransferase and Polyamine Depletion Restrict Zika and Chikungunya Viruses. (luc.edu)

2018) found that WM-1119, an inhibitor of the histone acetyltransferases KAT6A and KAT6B, could induce cellular senescence and arrest tumor growth in mice with lymphoma. (springer.com)

NAT1 is a member of the arylamine N-acetyltransferase family. (prospecbio.com)
Several alleles triggering high levels of N-acetyltransferase activity were linked to colon and urinary bladder cancers, since NAT1 also bioactivate numerous known carcinogens. (prospecbio.com)

No homology was found with other acetyltransferases, including all of the AAC(3) and AAC(6') proteins. (mediu.edu.my)
Here we demonstrate that TviE and TviD, two proteins encoded in the viaB (Vi antigen production) locus, interact and are the Vi antigen polymerase and O-acetyltransferase, respectively. (bath.ac.uk)
Nearly all known histone-acetyltransferase (HAT)-associated transcriptional co-activators contain bromodomains, which are approximately 110-amino-acid modules found in many chromatin-associated proteins. (embl.de)
Acetyl marks are written by histone acetyltransferases (HATs), read by bromodomain containing proteins, and erased by histone deacetylases (HDACs). (biomedcentral.com)

Although TviD possesses an atypical catalytic triad, its O-acetyltransferase function was verified by antibody reactivity and 13C NMR data for tviD-mutant polysaccharide. (bath.ac.uk)

Enzo's Acetyltransferase and Methyltransferase activity kits are homogeneous mix-and-read fluorescent assays for the determination of any acetyl-CoA dependent acetyltransferase activity or any S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) dependent methyltransferase activity, respectively. (enzolifesciences.com)

Herein, we assessed the effect of CPTH6, a lysine acetyltransferase inhibitor and anti-tumoral compound, on angiogenesis-related properties of both endothelial and cancer cells. (unich.it)
Differences between murine arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 1 and human arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 2 defined by substrate specificity and inhibitor binding. (ox.ac.uk)
NOC2L represents a novel HDAC-independent inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase (INHAT) (Hublitz et al. (nih.gov)
NIR, an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferases, regulates transcription factor TAp63 and is controlled by the cell cycle. (nih.gov)

To this end, characterisation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was carried out according to this protocol . (igem.org)
If a higher concentration is required, a bacterium possessing a single highly expressed copy of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase can survive (with difficulty) at up to 75 μg/ml of chloramphenicol. (igem.org)

This inhibition pattern indicated that there may be an unusual interaction between some ACTH- and beta-endorphin-related peptides as substrates for the acetyltransferase. (glembotskilab.org)

Wang J, Liu X, Liang YH, Li LF, Su XD: Acceptor substrate binding revealed by crystal structure of human glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1. (hmdb.ca)
IMSEAR at SEARO: N-acetyltransferase activity--a susceptibility factor in human bladder carcinogenesis. (who.int)
A DNA sequence encoding the Homo sapiens (Human) Diamine acetyltransferase 1, was expressed in the hosts and tags indicated. (enquirebio.com)
Small molecule colorimetric probes for specific detection of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1, a potential breast cancer biomarker. (ox.ac.uk)
Is an ortholog of human KAT5 (lysine acetyltransferase 5). (wormbase.org)

While TviD has no identifiable homologs beyond Vi antigen systems in other bacteria, structural modeling suggests it belongs to the large SGNH hydrolase family, which contains other O-acetyltransferases. (bath.ac.uk)

LPCAT2 is a lipid acyltransferase and acetyltransferase [ 6 ]. (portlandpress.com)

Alternative Catalytic Residues in the Active Site of Esco Acetyltransferases Sci Rep 2020 . (atomistry.com)

This unique acetyltransferase activity allows the YopJ family effectors to affect the function and/or stability of their targets, thereby dampening innate immunity. (uea.ac.uk)

Histone modification by histone acetyltransferases (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) can control major aspects of transcriptional regulation. (nih.gov)

N-acetyltransferase 2 genotypes are associated with diisocyanate -induced asthma. (cdc.gov)
Acetyltransferase 2 Genotypes among Zulu-Speaking South Africans and Isoniazid and -Acetyl-Isoniazid Pharmacokinetics during Antituberculosis Treatment. (tbdrugaccelerator.org)