Acetyl coa hydrolase. Medical search

Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.

A carboxylating enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and HCO3- to ADP, orthophosphate, and malonyl-CoA. It is a biotinyl-protein that also catalyzes transcarboxylation. The plant enzyme also carboxylates propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.4.1.2.

A biotin-dependent enzyme belonging to the ligase family that catalyzes the addition of CARBON DIOXIDE to pyruvate. It is occurs in both plants and animals. Deficiency of this enzyme causes severe psychomotor retardation and ACIDOSIS, LACTIC in infants. EC 6.4.1.1.

Enzymes that catalyze reversibly the formation of an epoxide or arene oxide from a glycol or aromatic diol, respectively.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP, acetate, and CoA to form AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl CoA. It acts also on propionates and acrylates. EC 6.2.1.1.

An enzyme that, in the presence of ATP and COENZYME A, catalyzes the cleavage of citrate to yield acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate, ADP, and ORTHOPHOSPHATE. This reaction represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.8.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.

The multifunctional protein that contains two enzyme domains. The first domain (EC 3.2.1.62) hydrolyzes glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine to a sugar and N-acylsphingosine. The second domain (EC 3.2.1.108) hydrolyzes LACTOSE and is found in the intestinal brush border membrane. Loss of activity for this enzyme in humans results in LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.

An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to yield CoA and acetate. The enzyme is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids. EC 3.1.2.1.

An enzyme which catalyzes the catabolism of S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE to ADENOSINE and HOMOCYSTEINE. It may play a role in regulating the concentration of intracellular adenosylhomocysteine.

Inorganic compounds that contain magnesium as an integral part of the molecule.

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of pteroylpolyglutamic acids in gamma linkage to pterolylmonoglutamic acid and free glutamic acid. EC 3.4.19.9.

A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.

Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from acetyl coenzyme A, to another compound. EC 2.3.1.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of ACETYL COA. Some enzymes called thiolase or thiolase-I have referred to this activity or to the activity of ACETYL-COA C-ACYLTRANSFERASE.

Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA derivatives.

A species of gram-negative bacteria and nitrogen innoculant of PHASEOLUS VULGARIS.

Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid anion.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Enzyme catalyzing reversibly the hydrolysis of palmitoyl-CoA or other long-chain acyl coenzyme A compounds to yield CoA and palmitate or other acyl esters. The enzyme is involved in the esterification of fatty acids to form triglycerides. EC 3.1.2.2.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate esters and water to alcohols and acetate. EC 3.1.1.6.

Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.

A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of allophanic acid to two molecules of ammonia plus two molecules of "active carbon dioxide". EC 3.5.1.54.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.

Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Enzymes which transfer coenzyme A moieties from acyl- or acetyl-CoA to various carboxylic acceptors forming a thiol ester. Enzymes in this group are instrumental in ketone body metabolism and utilization of acetoacetate in mitochondria. EC 2.8.3.

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. EC 2.3.1.8.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

An autolytic enzyme bound to the surface of bacterial cell walls. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell wall glycopeptides, particularly peptidoglycan. EC 3.5.1.28.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and some other sterol esters, to liberate cholesterol plus a fatty acid anion.

A thioester hydrolase which acts on esters formed between thiols such as DITHIOTHREITOL or GLUTATHIONE and the C-terminal glycine residue of UBIQUITIN.

Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP with the formation of acetylphosphate and ADP. It is important in the glycolysis process. EC 2.7.2.1.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Fatty acid derivatives that have specificity for CANNABINOID RECEPTORS. They are structurally distinct from CANNABINOIDS and were originally discovered as a group of endogenous CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.

Amides composed of unsaturated aliphatic FATTY ACIDS linked with AMINES by an amide bond. They are most prominent in ASTERACEAE; PIPERACEAE; and RUTACEAE; and also found in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE; BRASSICACEAE; CONVOLVULACEAE; EUPHORBIACEAE; MENISPERMACEAE; POACEAE; and SOLANACEAE. They are recognized by their pungent taste and for causing numbing and salivation.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids EC 3.1.1.23.

Derivatives of phenylacetic acid. Included under this heading are a variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the benzeneacetic acid structure. Note that this class of compounds should not be confused with derivatives of phenyl acetate, which contain the PHENOL ester of ACETIC ACID.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of O-acetylcarnitine from acetyl-CoA plus carnitine. EC 2.3.1.7.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Polysaccharides consisting of xylose units.

Carboxylesterase is a serine-dependent esterase with wide substrate specificity. The enzyme is involved in the detoxification of XENOBIOTICS and the activation of ester and of amide PRODRUGS.

5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A group of enzymes within the class EC 3.6.1.- that catalyze the hydrolysis of diphosphate bonds, chiefly in nucleoside di- and triphosphates. They may liberate either a mono- or diphosphate. EC 3.6.1.-.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.

A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.

A subclass of EXOPEPTIDASES that act on the free N terminus end of a polypeptide liberating a single amino acid residue. EC 3.4.11.

Compounds that interact with and modulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.

An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a pesticide.

A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.

A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha- or beta-xylosidic linkages. EC 3.2.1.8 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.32 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.37 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans; and EC 3.2.1.72 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans. Other xylosidases have been identified that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-xylosidic bonds.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

An exocellulase with specificity for a variety of beta-D-glycoside substrates. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing residues in beta-D-glucosides with release of GLUCOSE.

An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Enzymes which catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in XYLANS.

An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of LACTOSE to D-GALACTOSE and D-GLUCOSE. Defects in the enzyme cause LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of diphosphate bonds in compounds such as nucleoside di- and tri-phosphates, and sulfonyl-containing anhydrides such as adenylylsulfate. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.6.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Derivatives of adipic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,6-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.

An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.

Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of a 3-hydroxy acid. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 4.1.3.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.

A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.

The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

12-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Salts and esters of hydroxybutyric acid.

Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Methods used to measure the relative activity of a specific enzyme or its concentration in solution. Typically an enzyme substrate is added to a buffer solution containing enzyme and the rate of conversion of substrate to product is measured under controlled conditions. Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

Enzymes that reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a 3-hydroxyacyl CoA to 3-ketoacyl CoA in the presence of NAD. They are key enzymes in the oxidation of fatty acids and in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Hydroxylated benzoic acid derivatives that contain mercury. Some of these are used as sulfhydryl reagents in biochemical studies.

Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure.

A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on central and peripheral NEURONS where it may play a role modulating NEUROTRANSMITTER release.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.

Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.

A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.

A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986)

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that include a double bond between carbon 2 and 3 of the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.

A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

A family of glycosidases that hydrolyse crystalline CELLULOSE into soluble sugar molecules. Within this family there are a variety of enzyme subtypes with differing substrate specificities that must work together to bring about complete cellulose hydrolysis. They are found in structures called CELLULOSOMES.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

An active blood parasite that is present in practically all domestic animals in Africa, the West Indies, and parts of Central and South America. In Africa, the insect vector is the tsetse fly. In other countries, infection is by mechanical means indicating that the parasites have been introduced to these countries and have been able to maintain themselves in spite of the lack of a suitable intermediate host. It is a cause of nagana, the severity of which depends on the species affected.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Enzymes that catalyze the first step leading to the oxidation of succinic acid by the reversible formation of succinyl-CoA from succinate and CoA with the concomitant cleavage of ATP to ADP (EC 6.2.1.5) or GTP to GDP (EC 6.2.1.4) and orthophosphate. Itaconate can act instead of succinate and ITP instead of GTP.EC 6.2.1.-.

Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.

Enzymes that catalyze the addition of a carboxyl group to a compound (carboxylases) or the removal of a carboxyl group from a compound (decarboxylases). EC 4.1.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the hydration of unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA to yield beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA. It plays a role in the oxidation of fatty acids and in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, has broad specificity, and is most active with crotonyl-CoA. EC 4.2.1.17.

An imperfect fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits, vegetables, etc.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

An aspect of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Enzymes that catalyze acyl group transfer from ACETYL-CoA to HISTONES forming CoA and acetyl-histones.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A multienzyme complex responsible for the formation of ACETYL COENZYME A from pyruvate. The enzyme components are PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE); dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase; and LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is subject to three types of control: inhibited by acetyl-CoA and NADH; influenced by the energy state of the cell; and inhibited when a specific serine residue in the pyruvate decarboxylase is phosphorylated by ATP. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE)-PHOSPHATASE catalyzes reactivation of the complex. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Porcine kidney microsomal cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase-catalyzed N-acetylation of haloalkene-derived cysteine S-conjugates. (1/30)

N-Acetylation of xenobiotic-derived cysteine S-conjugates is a key step in the mercapturic acid pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the N-acetylation of haloalkene-derived S-haloalkyl and S-haloalkenyl cysteine S-conjugates by porcine kidney cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase (NAcT). A radioactive assay for the quantification of NAcT activity was developed as a new method for partial purification of the enzyme, which was necessitated by the substantial loss of activity during the immunoaffinity chromatography method. 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate, rather than N,N-bis[3-gluconamidopropyl]deoxycholamide, was used to solubilize the NAcT from porcine kidney microsomes in the revised procedure. The partially purified NAcT was free of detectable aminoacylase activity. Although low acetyl-coenzyme A hydrolase activity was observed, its effect on the assay was minimized by addition of excess acetyl-coenzyme A in the NAcT assay mixture. Attempts to separate the residual hydrolase activity from NAcT by different chromatographic procedures were either unsuccessful or lead to inactivation of NAcT. Most of the cysteine S-conjugates studied were N-acetylated by NAcT. Although the apparent K(m) values for the cysteine S-conjugates studied differed by a factor of approximately 2.5 (124-302 microM), a greater than 15-fold difference in the apparent V(max) (0.75-15.6 nmol/h) and V(max)/K(m) (0.008-0.126 x 10(-3) l h(-1)) values was observed. These data show that a range of haloalkene-derived cysteine S-conjugates serve as substrates for pig kidney NAcT. The significant differences in cytotoxicity of these conjugates may be a result of more variable deacetylation rates of the corresponding mercapturates. (+info)

Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat liver cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase. (2/30)

A cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase (CACH) was purified from rat liver to homogeneity by a new method using Triton X-100 as a stabilizer. We digested the purified enzyme with an endopeptidase and determined the N-terminal amino-acid sequences of the two proteolytic fragments. From the sequence data, we designed probes for RT-PCR, and amplified CACH cDNA from rat liver mRNA. The CACH cDNA contains a 1668-bp ORF encoding a protein of 556 amino-acid residues (62 017 Da). Recombinant expression of the cDNA in insect cells resulted in overproduction of functional acetyl-CoA hydrolase with comparable acyl-CoA chain-length specificity and Michaelis constant for acetyl-CoA to those of the native CACH. Database searching shows no homology to other known proteins, but reveals high similarities to two mouse expressed sequence tags (91% and 93% homology) and human mRNA for KIAA0707 hypothetical protein (50% homology) of unknown function. (+info)

Production of acetate in the liver and its utilization in peripheral tissues. (3/30)

In experimental rat liver perfusion we observed net production of free acetate accompanied by accelerated ketogenesis with long-chain fatty acids. Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA hydrolase, responsible for the production of free acetate, was found to be inhibited by the free form of CoA in a competitive manner and activated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The conditions under which the ketogenesis was accelerated favored activation of the hydrolase by dropping free CoA and elevating NADH levels. Free acetate was barely metabolized in the liver because of low affinity, high K(m), of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase for acetate. Therefore, infused ethanol was oxidized only to acetate, which was entirely excreted into the perfusate. The acetyl-CoA synthetase in the heart mitochondria was much lower in K(m) than it was in the liver, thus the heart mitochondria was capable of oxidizing free acetate as fast as other respiratory substrates, such as succinate. These results indicate that rat liver produces free acetate as a byproduct of ketogenesis and may supply free acetate, as in the case of ketone bodies, to extrahepatic tissues as fuel. (+info)

Mouse cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase, a novel candidate for a key enzyme involved in fat metabolism: cDNA cloning, sequencing and functional expression. (4/30)

A cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase (CACH) cDNA has been isolated from mouse liver cDNA library and sequenced. Recombinant expression of the cDNA in insect cells resulted in overproduction of active acetyl-CoA hydrolyzing enzyme protein. The mouse CACH cDNA encoded a 556-amino-acid sequence that was 93.5% identical to rat CACH, suggesting a conserved role for this enzyme in the mammalian liver. Database searching shows no homology to other known proteins, but reveals homological cDNA sequences showing two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACH coding region. The discovery of mouse CACH cDNA is an important step towards genetic studies on the functional analysis of this enzyme by gene-knockout and transgenic approaches. (+info)

Functional characterization and localization of acetyl-CoA hydrolase, Ach1p, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/30)

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase (Ach1p), catalyzing the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA, is presumably involved in regulating intracellular acetyl-CoA or CoASH pools; however, its intracellular functions and distribution remain to be established. Using site-directed mutagenesis analysis, we demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of Ach1p is dependent upon its putative acetyl-CoA binding sites. The ach1 mutant causes a growth defect in acetate but not in other non-fermentable carbon sources, suggesting that Ach1p is not involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Overexpression of Ach1p, but not constructs containing acetyl-CoA binding site mutations, in ach1-1 complemented the defect of acetate utilization. By subcellular fractionation, most of the Ach1p in yeast was distributed with mitochondria and little Ach1p in the cytoplasm. By immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that Ach1p and acetyl-CoA binding site-mutated constructs, but not its N-terminal deleted construct, are localized in mitochondria. Moreover, the onset of pseudohyphal development in homozygote ach1-1 diploids was abolished. We infer that Ach1p may be involved in a novel acetyl-CoA biogenesis and/or acetate utilization in mitochondria and thereby indirectly affect pseudohyphal development in yeast. (+info)

Physiological difference between dietary obesity-susceptible and obesity-resistant Sprague Dawley rats in response to moderate high fat diet. (6/30)

The primary aim of the present study was to define central and peripheral physiological differences between dietary obesity-susceptible (DOS) and obesity-resistant (DOR) outbred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats when given a moderate high fat diet containing 32.34% of energy as a fat. After a 9-week feeding period, the DOS-SD rats consumed significantly more feed (11.1%) and had higher abdominal (39.9%) and epididymal (27.5%) fat pads than the DOR-SD rats. In addition, serum leptin and insulin levels were significantly increased in the DOS-SD rats compared with those in the DOR-SD rats. However, we did not observe significant differences in serum triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose. No differences in hypothalamic OB-Ra and Rb mRNA expressions were found between the two groups. In contrast, arcuate NPY immunohistochemical expression was much higher in the DOS-SD rats than in the DOR-SD rats, though NPY expression in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei was not different between the two phenotypes. In peripheral tissues, the DOS-SD rats showed noticeably increased acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA expression in the liver, not epididymal fat. However, Western blot of peroxisomal proliferator activated factor gamma (PPAR gamma) in the liver and epididymal fat was not different between the two phenotypes of SD rats. It was concluded that different body weight phenotypes within outbred SD population responded differently to the development of dietary induced obesity via altered anabolic features in the hypothalamus and liver. (+info)

An acetate-sensitive mutant of Neurospora crassa deficient in acetyl-CoA hydrolase. (7/30)

The predicted amino acid sequence of the product of the acetate-inducible acu-8 gene of Neurospora crassa, previously of unknown function, has close homology to the recently published sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae acetyl-CoA hydrolase. An acu-8 mutant strain, previously characterized as acetate non-utilizing, shows strong growth-inhibition by acetate, but will use it as carbon source at low concentrations. The mutant was shown to be deficient in acetyl-CoA hydrolase and to accumulate acetyl-CoA when supplied with acetate. As in Saccharomyces, the Neurospora enzyme is acetate-inducible. (+info)

Brassica juncea 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase 1: expression and characterization of recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes. (8/30)

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase (HMGS; EC 2.3.3.10) is the second enzyme in the cytoplasmic mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, and catalyses the condensation of acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA (AcAc-CoA) to yield S-HMG-CoA. In this study, we have first characterized in detail a plant HMGS, Brassica juncea HMGS1 (BjHMGS1), as a His6-tagged protein from Escherichia coli. Native gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the enzyme behaves as a homodimer with a calculated mass of 105.8 kDa. It is activated by 5 mM dithioerythreitol and is inhibited by F-244 which is specific for HMGS enzymes. It has a pH optimum of 8.5 and a temperature optimum of 35 degrees C, with an energy of activation of 62.5 J x mol(-1). Unlike cytosolic HMGS from chicken and cockroach, cations like Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ did not stimulate His6-BjHMGS1 activity in vitro; instead all except Mg2+ were inhibitory. His6-BjHMGS1 has an apparent K(m-acetyl-CoA) of 43 microM and a V(max) of 0.47 micromol x mg(-1) x min(-1), and was inhibited by one of the substrates (AcAc-CoA) and by both products (HMG-CoA and HS-CoA). Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved amino acid residues in BjHMGS1 revealed that substitutions R157A, H188N and C212S resulted in a decreased V(max), indicating some involvement of these residues in catalytic capacity. Unlike His6-BjHMGS1 and its soluble purified mutant derivatives, the H188N mutant did not display substrate inhibition by AcAc-CoA. Substitution S359A resulted in a 10-fold increased specific activity. Based on these kinetic analyses, we generated a novel double mutation H188N/S359A, which resulted in a 10-fold increased specific activity, but still lacking inhibition by AcAc-CoA, strongly suggesting that His-188 is involved in conferring substrate inhibition on His6-BjHMGS1. Substitution of an aminoacyl residue resulting in loss of substrate inhibition has never been previously reported for any HMGS. (+info)

2001). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat liver cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (9): ... "Molecular cloning and functional expression of human cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase". Acta Biochim. Pol. 53 (3): 553-61. doi: ... rat liver cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A hydrolase". J. Chromatogr. B. 790 (1-2): 239-44. doi:10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00167-3. PMID ... "A revised nomenclature for mammalian acyl-CoA thioesterases/hydrolases". J Lipid Res. 46 (9): 2029-32. doi:10.1194/jlr.E500003- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOT12

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase, palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, succinyl-CoA hydrolase, formyl-CoA hydrolase, acyl-CoA hydrolase are a few ... Thioesterases or thiolester hydrolases are identified as members of EC 3.1.2. The thioesterase activity is performed by members ... Type I ACOTs (ACOT1-6) contain the α/β-hydrolase domain, which is also present in many lipases and esterases . Type II ACOTs ( ... Brocker, C; Carpenter, C; Nebert, DW; Vasiliou, V (Aug 2010). "Evolutionary divergence and functions of the human acyl-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioesterase

... thiolester hydrolases MeSH D08.811.277.352.897.075 - acetyl-CoA hydrolase MeSH D08.811.277.352.897.700 - palmitoyl-coa ... acyl-coa dehydrogenase, long-chain MeSH D08.811.682.660.150.200 - acyl-CoA oxidase MeSH D08.811.682.660.150.300 - butyryl-coa ... acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.105 - amino-acid n-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.150 - ... acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134 - acetyltransferases MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.029 - acyl-carrier protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)

... acetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.2: palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.3: succinyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.4: 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA ... phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.26: Now EC 2.8.3.25, bile acid CoA transferase EC 3.1.2.27: choloyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1. ... formyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.11: acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.12: S-formylglutathione hydrolase EC 3.1.2.13: S- ... ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.19: ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.20: acyl-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)

The enzyme acetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1) catalyzes the reaction acetyl-CoA + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA ... Acetyl-CoA synthetase and ACSS2, enzymes that perform the reverse reaction using ATP Gergely J, Hele P, Ramakrishnan CV (1952 ... The systematic name is CoA thiol esterase. This enzyme participates in pyruvate metabolism. As of late 2007, only one structure ... "Succinyl and acetyl coenzyme A deacylases". J. Biol. Chem. 198 (1): 323-334. PMID 12999747.[permanent dead link] Portal: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA_hydrolase

Gergely J, Hele P, Ramakrishnan CV (1952). "Succinyl and acetyl coenzyme A deacylases". J. Biol. Chem. 198 (1): 323-334. PMID ... The enzyme succinyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.3) catalyzes the reaction succinyl-CoA + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ... The systematic name is succinyl-CoA hydrolase. Other names in common use include succinyl-CoA acylase, succinyl coenzyme A ... CoA + succinate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinyl-CoA_hydrolase

I. Formyl coenzyme A, an intermediate in the formate-dependent decomposition of acetyl phosphate in Clostridium kluyveri". The ... The enzyme formyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.10) catalyzes the reaction formyl-CoA + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA ... The systematic name is formyl-CoA hydrolase. This enzyme is also called formyl coenzyme A hydrolase. This enzyme participates ... formate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formyl-CoA_hydrolase

... acetyl-CoA carboxylase] + phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric ... The enzyme [acetyl-CoA carboxylase]-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.44) catalyzes the reaction [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] phosphate + H2O ... The systematic name is [acetyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)]-phosphate phosphohydrolase. Krakower GR, Kim KH (March ... "Purification and properties of acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphatase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 256 (5): 2408-13. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(acetyl-CoA_carboxylase)-phosphatase

... and from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase. The reverse reaction, hydrolysis of the acetyl ... group, is catalyzed by a specific hydrolase. It is the first intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of arginine in ... NAGS synthesizes N-acetylglutamic acid by catalyzing the addition of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to glutamate. In ... "N-Acetyl L-glutamic acid". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-06-03. Philip-Hollingsworth S, Hollingsworth RI, Dazzo FB ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylglutamic_acid

... acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O → citrate + CoA-SH acetyl-CoA Oxaloacetic acid Citric acid Oxaloacetate is regenerated after ... These experiments have revealed that this single site alternates between two forms, which participate in ligase and hydrolase ... It is also inhibited by succinyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA, which resembles Acetyl-coA and acts as a competitive inhibitor to ... This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citryl-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrate_synthase

Acetoacetate is a ketone body, which is activated with succinyl-CoA, and thereafter it can be converted into acetyl-CoA, which ... Fumarylacetoacetate is finally split by the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase through the addition of a water molecule. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine

Biochemical characterization of 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase in rat spleen". J. Biol. Chem. 261 ( ... 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on ... Other names in common use include 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, and alkylacetylglycerophosphate ... Lee TC, Malone B, Snyder F (1986). "A new de novo pathway for the formation of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerols, precursors of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylacetylglycerophosphatase

... and later acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA after a series of enzymatic reactions. Acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA then enter the ... Microbes that utilize PET degradation first adhere to the substrate surface and release enzymes such as hydrolases and ... The polyethylene oligomers are converted into Acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA and enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and ... The resulting acetyl-CoA then enters the TCA cycle. Several bacterial species in the genera Gracilibacillus, Enterobacter, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_degradation_by_marine_bacteria

... acetyl-CoA), which releases some energy. Finally, the acetyl group on acetyl-CoA is oxidized to water and carbon dioxide in the ... These digestive enzymes include proteases that digest proteins into amino acids, as well as glycoside hydrolases that digest ... and this breakdown process involves the release of significant amounts of acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and pyruvate, which can ... The glycerol enters glycolysis and the fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation to release acetyl-CoA, which then is fed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

... acyl-CoA thioester hydrolases, and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolases. The reaction carried out by these enzymes is as follows: CoA ester ... These functions include allosteric regulation of enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hexokinase IV, and the citrate ... as opposed to long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases, which ligate fatty acids to CoA, to produce the CoA ester. The role of the ACOT ... These enzymes have also been referred to in the literature as acyl-CoA hydrolases, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOT4

... acyl-CoA thioester hydrolases, and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolases. The reaction carried out by these enzymes is as follows: CoA ester ... These functions include allosteric regulation of enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hexokinase IV, and the citrate ... as opposed to long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases, which ligate fatty acids to CoA, to produce the CoA ester. The role of the ACOT ... Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 is a protein that is encoded by the human ACOT9 gene. It is a member of the acyl-CoA thioesterase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl-CoA_thioesterase_9

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOT13

The cleavage of citryl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate occurs in a two step process. First, citryl-coA synthetase catalyzes ... pathways while typical PSPs need Mg2+ for activity and are considered to be part of the haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase ... Novel proteins such as citryl-CoA synthetase (CCS) and ciitryl-CoA (CLL)are utilized within the reductive TCA cycle (Reverse ... 2004). "A novel enzyme, citryl-CoA lyase, catalyzing the second step of the citrate cleavage reaction in Hydrogenobacter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenobacter_thermophilus

... propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and 2 forms of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.) ... peptidyl hydrolase biotinidase (BTD), and the protein ligase holocarboxylase synthetase. When any of these regulatory factors ... excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and biotin in urine activity of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in lymphocytes In the United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin_deficiency

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOT6

Three acetyl-CoAs are converted into HMG-CoA by the cytosolic isoforms of thiolase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase ... JH acid is attached by JH epoxide hydrolase, which converts the epoxide group to a diol. The order of cleavage depends on the ... It is converted into acetyl-CoA, ADP, CO2, and oxaloacetate by ATP-citrate lyase, together with ATP and CoASH as substrates. ... The HMG-CoA is then reduced by NADPH to mevalonate by HMG-CoA reductase, the rate controlling enzyme of cholesterol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_hormone

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOT1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOT11

Akamatsu, N.; Nakajima, H.; Ono, M.; Miura, Y. (1975-09-15). "Increase in acetyl CoA synthetase activity after phenobarbital ... release of lysosomal hydrolases and inhibition of their uptake". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 66 (4): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherilyn_Williams-Stroud

... acyl-CoA thioester hydrolases, and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolases. The reaction carried out by these enzymes is as follows: CoA ester ... These functions include allosteric regulation of enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hexokinase IV, and the citrate ... It is most active on myristoyl-CoA but also shows high activity on palmitoyl-CoA, stearoyl-CoA, and arachidoyl-CoA. The protein ... CoA) esters, such as acyl-CoAs, bile CoAs, and CoA esters of prostaglandins, to the corresponding free acid and CoA. ACOT2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACOT2

The liberated choline is taken up again by the pre-synaptic neuron and ACh is synthesized by combining with acetyl-CoA through ... AChE is a hydrolase that hydrolyzes choline esters. It has a very high catalytic activity-each molecule of AChE degrades about ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase

Pyruvate undergoes decarboxylation using the multi-enzyme complex to form acetyl coA which can readily be used in the TCA cycle ... This contains many acid hydrolases, proteases, nucleases, and lipases, which break down the various molecules. Autophagy is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_biology

... the enzyme serine acetyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl-CoA onto L-serine to yield O-acetyl-L- ... Orotate phosphoribosyl hydrolase (OMP pyrophosphorylase) condenses orotate with PRPP to form orotidine-5'-phosphate. OMP ... The following reaction step, catalyzed by the enzyme O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase, replaces the acetyl group of O-acetyl-L- ... glutamate is acetylated by transferring the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA at the N-α position; this prevents spontaneous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis

Because oxaloacetate is crucial for entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, the rapid production of acetyl-CoA from fatty acid ... be either directly deacylated by a hydrolase to 3HIA or to undergo a second CoA exchange to again form 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA ... This metabolic pathway is as follows: butyrate→butyryl-CoA→crotonyl-CoA→β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA→poly-β-hydroxybutyrate→D-β-(D-β- ... Metabolic impairment diverts methylcrotonyl CoA to 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA in a reaction catalyzed by enoyl-CoA hydratase (22, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Hydroxybutyric_acid

The first is that it leads to defective myelin synthesis due to a deficiency of acetyl-CoA derived from the acetate product. ... It is a zinc-dependent hydrolase that promotes the deprotonation of water to use as a nucleophile in a mechanism analogous to ... Aspartoacylase prevents the buildup of N-acetyl-L-aspartate in the brain. It is believed that controlling N-acetyl-L-aspartate ... one hypothesis is that it is potentially used as a chemical reservoir that can be tapped into for acetate for acetyl-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartoacylase

The catechol is then metabolized to acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA, used by organisms mainly in the citric acid cycle for energy ... Individuals carrying variant of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX) and deletion of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

In step two, an acetyl group is transferred from acetyl CoA to the amino group on the glucosamine-6-phosphate creating N-acetyl ... Structure of MurNAc 6-Phosphate Hydrolase (MurQ) from Haemophilus influenzae with a Bound Inhibitor. (CS1: long volume value, ... In step three of the synthesis process, the N-acetyl-glucosamine-6-phosphate is isomerized, which will change N-acetyl- ... glucosamine-6-phosphate to N-acetyl-glucosamine-1-phosphate. This is EC 2.3.1.157, catalyzed by GlmU. In step 4, the N-acetyl- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan

... acetyl-CoA synthase EC 6.2.1.39: (butirosin acyl-carrier protein)-L-glutamate ligase EC 6.2.1.40: 4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA ligase ... 6-oxide hydrolase Hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase Isochorismatase Leukotriene-A4 hydrolase Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase ... Glutarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.7: Cholate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.8: Oxalate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.9: Malate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.10: ... Acid-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) EC 6.2.1.11: Biotin-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.12: 4-coumarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.13: Acetate-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enzymes

This enzyme breaks down Malonyl-CoA (a fatty acid precursor and a fatty acid oxidation blocker) into acetyl-CoA and carbon ... Mal-CoA increases so dramatically that at the end it is instead broken down by an unspecific short-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase, ... Disturbed interaction between Malonyl-CoA and CPT1 may also contributed to abnormal brain development. Malonyl-CoA ... are triggered by the high concentrations of Malonyl-CoA in the cytoplasm. High levels of Malonyl-CoA will inhibit β-oxidation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malonyl-CoA_decarboxylase_deficiency

Fatty acid synthesis is an anabolic process that starts from the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA ... both of which can inhibit dioxygenases or prolyl hydrolases that mediate the degradation of HIF proteins. HIF-1 could be ... Malonyl CoA leads to fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and is involved in the elongation of fatty acids through Fatty acid synthase ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_metabolome

... are a diverse group of molecules synthesized by chain-elongation of an acetyl-CoA primer with malonyl-CoA or methylmalonyl-CoA ... Fezza F, De Simone C, Amadio D, Maccarrone M (2008). "Fatty acid amide hydrolase: a gate-keeper of the endocannabinoid system ... The acetyl-CoA is then ultimately converted into ATP, CO2, and H2O using the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain ... Hence the citric acid cycle can start at acetyl-CoA when fat is being broken down for energy if there is little or no glucose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

MG-CoA), which is subsequently converted to HMG-CoA by methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase. HMG-CoA is then cleaved into acetyl-CoA ... be either directly deacylated by a hydrolase to 3HIA or to undergo a second CoA exchange to again form 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA ... producing β-methylcrotonyl-CoA (MC-CoA) or hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) respectively. MC-CoA is then converted by the ... Isovaleryl-CoA is subsequently metabolized by isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase and converted to MC-CoA, which is used in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine

ACAT1: acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase) ACRV1: encoding protein Acrosomal protein SP-10 ... fatty acyl-coA reductase 1 FAT3: fat atypical cadherin 3 FHIP: FTS and Hook-interacting protein FNBP4: Formin-binding protein 4 ... encoding protein Ester hydrolase C11orf54 C11orf86: encoding protein Uncharacterized protein C11orf86 C1QTNF4 encoding protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_11

... be either directly deacylated by a hydrolase to 3HIA or to undergo a second CoA exchange to again form 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA ... is converted into acetyl-CoA and thereby contributes to the synthesis of ketones, steroids, fatty acids, and other compounds ... Metabolic impairment diverts methylcrotonyl CoA to 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA in a reaction catalyzed by enoyl-CoA hydratase (22, ... MC-CoA). It can be metabolized into HMB, MC-CoA, and HMG-CoA in humans. This reaction is catalyzed by an unknown thioesterase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Hydroxy_beta-methylbutyryl-CoA

... acetyl-CoA isomerase EC 5.3.3.19: 3-[(4R)-4-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl]-2-oxopropanoate isomerase * EC 5.3.3.20: Now EC 5.4 ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Biology-related lists, Hydrolases). ... 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA mutase EC 5.3.3.21: Δ3,5-Δ2,4-dienoyl-CoA isomerase * EC 5.3.3.22: lutein isomerase * EC 5.3.3.23: S- ... ethylmalonyl-CoA mutase * EC 5.4.99.64: 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl-CoA mutase * EC 5.4.99.65: pre-α-onocerin synthase * EC 5.4.99.66 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)

In the conversion sequence of acetyl-CoA to glucose, CYP2E1 transforms acetone via hydroxyacetone (acetol) into propylene ... He J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Ai D (Dec 2015). "Soluble epoxide hydrolase: A potential target for metabolic diseases". Journal of ... EDP and EEQ metabolites are short-lived, being inactivated within seconds or minutes of formation by epoxide hydrolases, ... Fleming I (Oct 2014). "The pharmacology of the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase axis in the vasculature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP2E1

In aerobic conditions, pyruvate can be converted into Acetyl-CoA, which has many possible fates including catabolism in the ... More specifically it has been placed in the retaining glycoside hydrolases family although it catalyzes a transglycosidation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose_phosphorylase

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA_hydrolase

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase Synonyms. Evidence for Translation. Charge (pH 7). -9.01 Kyte-Doolittle Hydrophobicity Value. -0.003 ...

https://www.pseudomonas.com/feature/show?id=1432971

Expression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the mitochondrion of tobacco plants inhibits growth and restricts photosynthesis ... Studart-Guimaraes, C.; Fait, A.; Nunes-Nesi, A.; Carrari, F.; Usadel, B.; Fernie, A. R.: Reduced Expression of Succinyl CoA ... Identification and characterisation of the alpha and beta subunits of succinyl CoA ligase of tomato. Plant Molecular Biology 59 ...

https://www.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/publication-search/2138855?person=%2Fpersons%2Fresource%2Fpersons97099&seite=2

Deficiency of acetyl-CoA hydrolase (disorder). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Deficiency of acetyl-CoA hydrolase (disorder ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=360733009

Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 0.0 90 Thauera terpenica 58Eu EPZ16230 CDM25300 n.d. n.d. Acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase 0.0 74 ... Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 0.0 79 Thauera terpenica 58Eu EPZ16237 CDM25292 LC 0 MarR transcriptional regulator 2E-76 77 ... Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 0.0 84 Thauera terpenica 58Eu EPZ15058 CDM25264 n.d. n.d. Enoyl-CoA hydratase 9E-136 76 Thauera ... 4-isopropenyl-2-oxo-cyclohexane-1-carboxyl-CoA hydrolase 4E-167 88 Azoarcus sp. KH32C YP_007598294 ...

https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-14-164/tables/1

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase (4) * Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 1 (4) * Protein URA2 (4) ... Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase 1 (4) * L-asparaginase 2-2L-asparaginase 2-3L-asparaginase 2-4L-asparaginase 2- ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/search?query=CHEBI:CHEBI:16566

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/search?query=CHEBI:CHEBI:18319

Acyl-CoA thioester hydrolase 12; Cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA hydrolase 1; CACH-1; hCACH-1; START domain-containing protein 15; ... Acyl-CoA thioester hydrolase 12; Cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA hydrolase 1; CACH-1; hCACH-1; START domain-containing protein 15; ... ACOT12; CACH; CACH1; STARD15; Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 12; Acyl-CoA thioesterase 12; ... ACOT12; CACH; CACH1; STARD15; Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 12; Acyl-CoA thioesterase 12; ...

https://www.abbkine.com/product/acot12-polyclonal-antibody-abp53776/

... acetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.2 palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.3 succinyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.4 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase ... ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.19 ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.20 acyl-CoA hydrolase ... choloyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.28 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.29 fluoroacetyl-CoA thioesterase 3.1.2.30 (3S)- ... formyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.11 acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.12 S-formylglutathione hydrolase 3.1.2.13 S-succinylglutathione ...

https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/3.-.-.-

Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase; Acyl-CoA hydrolase, mitochondrial; Beta-ketothiolase; Mitochondrial 3 ... PGA1_c03400: acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase / acetyl-CoA:propanoyl-CoA 2-C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9; EC 2.3. ... PGA1_c03400: acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase / acetyl-CoA:propanoyl-CoA 2-C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9; EC 2.3. ... PGA1_c03400: acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase / acetyl-CoA:propanoyl-CoA 2-C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9; EC 2.3. ...

https://papers.genomics.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/genomeSearch.cgi?gdb=FitnessBrowser&gid=azobra&query=2.3.1.16&word=1

NatB domain-containing CRA-1 antagonizes hydrolase ACER-1 linking acetyl-CoA metabolism to the initiation of recombination ... CK-1 cell wall hydrolase. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 79(2), 163-171. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010214914512 ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/person/kim

... "acetyl CoA hydrolase, acetate metabolism*, acetyl-CoA hydrolase, cytoplasm" YKL148C 1.29193 INESSENTIAL SDH1 "flavoprotein ... "inducible acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase,acetate--CoA ligase," YPL139C 3.569229 INESSENTIAL UME1 "Transcriptional modulator, ... d2-Enoyl-CoA Isomerase, fatty acid beta-oxidation, delta(3)-cis-delta(2)-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase, peroxisome" YPL073C ... "Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) endozepine (EP), fatty acid metabolism, acyl-CoA binding, ...

https://genomics.lbl.gov/YeastFitnessData/websitefiles/ratioresults/thrRatio_07.txt

Among the related enzymes, acetyl-CoA acetyl transferase and acyl-CoA hydrolase were expected to be the most important enzymes ... including acetyl-CoA acetyl transferase and acyl-CoA hydrolase. In addition, the supplementation of the C13-labeled acetic acid ... and the second is the formation of hexanoic from one butyryl-CoA and one acetyl-CoA [10]. The condensation reaction of two ... The oxidation of fructose to acetyl-CoA will liberate reducing equivalents as NADH or FADH2. The discharge of overflowing ...

https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-016-0549-3

3.1.2.1 acetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.2 palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.20 acyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.22 palmitoyl[protein] hydrolase ... oleoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA <=> CoA + 3-oxo-eicosenoyl-CoA + 3-oxo-erucoyl-CoA + CO2 2.3.1.199 very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA ... oleoyl-CoA + O2 + H2O + NAD+ + CoA <=> (5Z)-tetradecenoyl-CoA + H2O2 + NADH + acetyl-CoA + H+ not assigned. - M ... malonyl-CoA + oleoyl-CoA + H+ <=> 3-oxo-eicosenoyl-CoA + CO2 + CoA 2.3.1.199 very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA synthase - M ...

https://metano.tu-bs.de/search/oleoyl-CoA%20=

3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase [EC:3.1.2.4]. K05939 acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]-phospholipid O-acyltransferase / long-chain- ... acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.1]. K01896 medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.2]. ... succinyl-CoA:(S)-malate CoA-transferase subunit A [EC:2.8.3.22]. K14472 succinyl-CoA:(S)-malate CoA-transferase subunit B [EC: ... succinyl-CoA:mesaconate CoA transferase [EC:2.8.3.26]. K19282 bifunctional (S)-malyl-CoA lyase/thioesterase [EC:4.1.3.24 3.1. ...

https://www.genome.jp/entry/R08175+RC00014

... "acetyl-CoA carboxylase carboxyl transferase, subunit beta (AccD) [Ensembl]. Carboxyl transferase domain, Acetyl-coA carboxylase ... ","Sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase [Ensembl]. Glycosyl hydrolases family 32 C terminal, Glycosyl hydrolases family 32 N-terminal ... ","3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase%3B Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase [Ensembl]. Thiolase [Interproscan].","protein_coding" "CPC90744"," ... "acetyl-CoA synthetase [Ensembl]. AMP-binding enzyme C-terminal domain, N-terminal domain [InterProScan].","protein_coding" " ...

https://bacteria.sbs.ntu.edu.sg/go/sequences/table/4078

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

... acetyl-CoA isomerase / didehydroadipyl-CoA isomerase AO356_30355. AO356_26360. paaZ1. oxepin-CoA hydrolase. AO356_26360. AO356_ ... acetyl-CoA; isomerase PaaG forms 2-oxepin-2(3H)-ylideneacetyl-CoA ("oxepin-CoA"); a ring-opening hydrolase forms 3-oxo-5,6- ... hydroxyadipyl-CoA; dehydrogenase PaaH forms 3-oxoadipyl-CoA, and thiolase PaaJ forms succinyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. (The role of ... oxidation to 3-oxopimeloyl-CoA and cleavage by a thiolase to glutaryl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. Benzoyl-CoA degradation can be ...

https://papers.genomics.lbl.gov/cgi-bin/gapView.cgi?orgs=orgsFit&set=carbon&orgId=FitnessBrowser__pseudo5_N2C3_1&path=phenylacetate

In developing an alternative CoA-dependent fermentative butanol pathway, which includes an engineered ADO variant (ADOA134F), ... The new pathways utilize CoA intermediates that are derived from clostridial-like fermentative butanol pathways and are ... AtoB requires two molecules of acetyl CoA whereas nphT7 requires acetyl-CoA along with malonyl-CoA. Both reactions result in ... acetoacetyl CoA synthase; Ter, trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase; YciA, acyl-CoA thioester hydrolase. ...

https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-015-0231-1

Acetyl xylan esterase.. Acyl-CoA_Thioesterase : agrtu-ATU3652Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58 / ATCC 33970) hypothetical ... hydrolase AGR_L_1247, agrtu-ATU5296Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58 / ATCC 33970) arylester hydrolase (agr_pat_424p).. ... Epoxide_hydrolase : agrtu-ATU5190Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58 / ATCC 33970) hypothetical protein atu5190, agrtu-EPHA ... Hydrolase_RBBP9_YdeN : agrtu-ATU1842Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58 / ATCC 33970) hypothetical protein atu1842, agrtu- ...

https://bioweb.supagro.inrae.fr/ESTHER/gene_locus?name=agrtu-ATU5446&class=Gene_locus

ATP citrate synthase; Cydonia oblonga; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; adipocytes; adipogenesis; adiponectin; adipose tissue; anti- ... obesity agents; anti-obesity effects; beta oxidation; blood serum; carboxylic ester hydrolases; carnitine palmitoyltransferase ... acetyl-transferring) kinase; pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide); sirtuins; therapeutics. Abstract:. ... The anti-hyperglycemic ...

https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bjournal_name%5D%5B%5D=Journal+of+functional+foods&f%5Btext_availability_facet%5D%5B%5D=Citation+in+PubAg&per_page=50&search_field=author&sort=relevance

Rat Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) ELISA Kit , MBS9928015 , MybiosourceProduct Short Name: [Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)]Product ... MBS9926206 , Porcine Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Protein 1 (FAHD1) ELISA Kit MyBiosource Acetate ... Porcine Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) ELISA Kit , MBS9928013 , MybiosourceProduct Short Name: [Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)] ... Sheep Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) ELISA Kit , MBS9928016 , MybiosourceProduct Short Name: [Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)] ...

https://biocheminfo.org/mbs9934113-goose-g-protein-coupled-receptor-126-gpr126-elisa-kit/

fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain containing 2A. 0.011. ACAT1. acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1. 0.011. ...

http://imp.princeton.edu/predictions/process/human-context-global/1169/?gene=20257

CoA hydrolase,. mitochondrial. Medium-chain. specific. acyl-CoA. dehydrogenase,. mitochondrial. Acetyl-coenzyme. A synthetase. ... and CoA. Biosynthesis. Cysteine and. Methionine. Metabolism. Glycine,. Serine, and. Threonine. Metabolism. Mitochondria. ... CoA. Malonic. semialdehyde. CoA. NAD. CO. 2. NADH. Oxoglutaric. acid. L-Glutamic acid. Acrylyl-CoA. H. 2. O. H. 2. O. CoA. AMP ... CoA epimerase. Methylmalonyl. CoA mutase. Malonyl-CoA. decarboxylase,. mitochondrial. Acetyl-CoA. carboxylase 1. Acetyl-CoA. ...

https://pathbank.org/view/SMP0120786

CoA hydrolase,. mitochondrial. Medium-chain. specific. acyl-CoA. dehydrogenase,. mitochondrial. Acetyl-coenzyme. A synthetase. ... CoA. Malonic semialdehyde. CoA. NAD. CO. 2. NADH. Oxoglutaric acid. L-Glutamic acid. Acrylyl-CoA. H. 2. O. H. 2. O. CoA. AMP. ... CoA. NADH. HCO. 3. -. HCO. 3. -. ATP. ADP. H. +. CoA. NAD. NADH. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid. NAD. NADH. H. +. Adenosylcobalamin. ... CoA mutase,. mitochondrial. Malonyl-CoA. decarboxylase,. mitochondrial. Acetyl-CoA. carboxylase 1. Acetyl-CoA. ...

https://smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000201

... acetyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.19 ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.2 palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase 3.1.2.20 acyl-CoA ... Octanoate + ATP + CoA <=> octanoyl-CoA + AMP + diphosphate 6.2.1.1 acetate---CoA ligase 6.2.1.11 biotin---CoA ligase 6.2.1.12 4 ... CoA ligase 6.2.1.14 6-carboxyhexanoate---CoA ligase 6.2.1.2 medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase 6.2.1.3 long-chain-fatty-acid---CoA ... hydrolase 3.1.2.23 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase 3.1.2.25 phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase - - - - - - ...

https://metano.tu-bs.de/search/Octanoate%20=

Enzyme, Catalysis, Chemical reaction, Enzyme substrate (biology), Acetyl-CoA, Coenzyme A, Transferase, Acyltransferase ... Enzyme, Catalysis, Chemical reaction, Enzyme substrate (biology), Hydrolase, Protein Data Bank. Биология Chrono Press (2013-01- ... Glycerophospholipid Acyltransferase (CoA-Dependent) Enzyme, Catalysis, Chemical reaction, Enzyme substrate (biology), ...

https://www.morebooks.de/books/ru/published_by/chrono-press/189860/products?currency=USD&page=4

32.475 Abhydrolase_6Alpha/beta hydrolase family. 11.462 Abhydrolase_8Alpha/beta hydrolase. 12.554 BAAT_CBAAT / Acyl-CoA ... 12.688 AXE1Acetyl xylan esterase (AXE1). 32.256 Abhydrolase_1alpha/beta hydrolase fold. 16.386 Abhydrolase_2Phospholipase/ ... 11.024 DLHDienelactone hydrolase family. 16.186 DUF1057Alpha/beta hydrolase of unknown function (DUF1057). 10.296 DUF1100Alpha/ ... 12.950 Ser_hydrolaseSerine hydrolase. 10.545 TannaseTannase and feruloyl esterase. 19.778 ThioesteraseThioesterase domain. ...

http://supfam.mbu.iisc.ernet.in/CGI/display_pali.cgi?name=c.69.1.13&

Kinetics of acetyl-CoA synthetase-II. Product inhibition studies. Farrar, W. W. & Plowman, K. M., 1979, In: International ... In vivo inactivation of erythrocyte S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by 2-deoxyadenosine in adenosine deaminase-deficient ...

https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2011&publicationYear=2014&publicationYear=2015&publicationYear=2016&publicationYear=2018&publicationYear=2020&format=&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false&nofollow=true&page=13

Example : Formation of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA in the presence of acetyl CoA carboxylase. (brainkart.com)
The bacterial signal transduction protein GlnB regulates the committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis by acting as a dissociable regulatory subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (embl.de)
In bacteria and plant chloroplasts, the committed and rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis is catalyzed by a multi-subunit form of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme (ACC). (embl.de)
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the committed and rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. (embl.de)
Doxorubicin hydrochloride reduces basal phosphorylation of AMPK and its downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (medchemexpress.com)
Polymerization regulates the catalytic activity of CTPS (10C12), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (13), and glutamine synthetase (14), but its function is definitely less clear for many enzymes, including IMPDH. (bioinbrief.com)

Acetyl-CoA synthetase and ACSS2, enzymes that perform the reverse reaction using ATP Gergely J, Hele P, Ramakrishnan CV (1952). (wikipedia.org)
citronellyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1. (genome.jp)
Kinetics of acetyl-CoA synthetase-II. (elsevier.com)

In fact, a high intracellular concentration of cholesterol associated with the hormones insulin and glucagon inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, thus blocking the biosynthesis of new cholesterol. (justia.com)
The existence of drugs, such as statins, which inhibit endogenoous cholesterol synthesis by acting on the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaril-CoA reductase, an enzyme that converts molecules of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaril-CoA into mevalonic acid, a precursor of cholesterol, is well known. (justia.com)

The enzyme acetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1) catalyzes the reaction acetyl-CoA + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + acetate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on thioester bonds. (wikipedia.org)
Comment: In MetaCyc pathway glutaryl-CoA degradation ( link ), glutaryl-CoA is oxidized to (E)-glutaconyl-CoA and oxidatively decarboxylated to crotonyl-CoA (both by the same enzyme), hydrated to 3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA, oxidized to acetoacetyl-CoA, and cleaved to two acetyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)
This enzyme carboxylates acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA, which in turn acts as the building block for fatty acid elongation. (embl.de)
And the bacterium may rather the acetyl-coA pathway than succenyle-coA because of the promiscuity enzyme quantity. (igem.org)
The high-resolution structure of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase in a new crystal form shows that the active-site glutamate residue adopts a conformation in which the enzyme would be susceptible to autolytic fragmentation when covalently linked to CoA. (iucr.org)
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA by transfer of the carbonyl group. (lookformedical.com)

Reduced Expression of Succinyl CoA Ligase can be Compensated for by an Upregulation of the {gamma}-amino-butyrate (GABA) Shunt in Illuminated Tomato Leaves. (mpg.de)
Identification and characterisation of the alpha and beta subunits of succinyl CoA ligase of tomato. (mpg.de)
OPC-8:0 CoA ligase 1 [EC:6.2.1. (genome.jp)
benzoylacetate-CoA ligase [EC:6.2.1. (genome.jp)

acyl-CoA thioesterase [EC:3.1.2. (genome.jp)

In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the genes hsaD (2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid hydrolase) and nat (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) are essential for survival inside of host macrophages. (warwick.ac.uk)
Nα-acetyltransferase (Nat) performs this modification and transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) to an α-amino group from the first residue of the protein substrate. (nature.com)

Whatever the case, the inhibiting effect for microbials is likely related to competition with acetate in the acetokinase system, to the blockage of pyruvate conversion to acetyl-coenzyme A and to interference with B-alanine in pantothenic acid syntheses 7 . (drugbank.com)
Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. (uni-freiburg.de)
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate. (princeton.edu)

Overview: Phenylacetate utilization in GapMind is based on MetaCyc pathway phenylacetate degradation I (aerobic via phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase, link ) and pathway II (anaerobic via benzoyl-CoA, link ). (lbl.gov)
Ultimately, the autophagosome fuses with a hydrolase and protease containing lysosome for degradation of the content. (frontiersin.org)
The in vitro study, in which mucin was the only nutrient source, indicated that B. thetaiotaomicron significantly upregulated genes coding for Glycoside Hydrolases (GHs) and mucin degradation activity when cultured in the presence of A. muciniphila. (helsinki.fi)

The hydrolases are those enzymes which catalyse hydrolysis reactions i.e the direct addition of water molecule (s) across the bond, which is to be cleaved. (brainkart.com)
A wide range of enzymes (carboxyesterases and carboxylic acid hydrolases) can hydrolyse esters into their constituent alcohols and acids. (inchem.org)
Previously, we have identified and characterized 4,6-α-glucanotransferase enzymes of the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 70 (GH70) that cleave (α1→4)-linkages in amylose and introduce (α1→6)-linkages in linear chains. (web.app)

This download Corporate Governance: of stem proliferation shrubs all protein through lactate proteins recycled by the able glomerulus alpha( DD), involved within the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA cell of the fraction. (evakoch.com)
About the ampicillin, one Metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily protein, Beta-lactamase, Beta-lactamase type II precursor, two Beta-lactamase precursor, Beta-lactamase hydrolase-like protein HTH-type transcriptional activator AmpR and five Putative beta-lactamase HcpC precursor were predicted by the Prokka software. (igem.org)

Glycosyl hydrolases. (cyberleninka.org)

As a naturally occurring carboxylic acid, propionic acid typically undergoes metabolism via conversion to propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), which is part of the usual metabolic pathway that carboxylic acids participate within in the human body 2 , 7 . (drugbank.com)
It is well known that all the cells of the body are capable of synthesizing cholesterol from acetyl coenzyme A, but most cholesterol is produced in the peroxisomes of liver cells, which transfer it to the blood so as to be transported throughout the body. (justia.com)

In the anaerobic pathway, a dehydrogenase forms phenylglyoxyl-CoA, a hydrolase forms phenylglyoxylate (this step is not linked to sequence but is likely provided by the phenylglyoxylyl-CoA dehydrogenase, see PMID:10336636 ), and another dehydrogenase forms benzoyl-CoA and CO2. (lbl.gov)
In principle, this pathway could occur aerobically, so GapMind includes aerobic pathways for degrading the benzoyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)
This is converted to succinyl-CoA as in the anaerobic pathway (paaF, paaH, and paaJ2). (lbl.gov)
In developing an alternative CoA-dependent fermentative butanol pathway, which includes an engineered ADO variant (ADO A134F ), the study addresses known limitations, including the low bio-availability of butyraldehyde precursors and poor activity of ADO with butyraldehyde. (biomedcentral.com)

MekB from Pseudomonas veronii and CgHle from Corynebacteriumglutamicum belong to the superfamily of alpha/beta-hydrolase fold proteins. (inrae.fr)

The systematic name is CoA thiol esterase. (wikipedia.org)

Hydrolyzes acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA. (abbkine.com)

Comment: Benzoyl-CoA reduction is energetically unfavorable. (lbl.gov)
SYN_02587 ( Q2LQN9 ) from Syntrophus aciditrophicus, which can oxidize cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA to benzoyl-CoA, is not included because it seems to lack a mechanism to drive benzoyl-CoA reduction. (lbl.gov)

TBNAT was found to be able to utilize not just acetyl-CoA, but also n-propionyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA, although at a lower rate. (warwick.ac.uk)
As propionyl-CoA is a product of cholesterol catabolism, we propose that NAT could have a role in the utilization of this important cofactor. (warwick.ac.uk)
Additionally, there are also studies that suggest that propionic acid's antifungal activity may be the result of propionyl-CoA inhibiting glucose metabolism in certain species of fungus via the accumulation of the CoA-derivative 2 . (drugbank.com)

Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid transferase was crystallized in this new crystal form by changing the buffer to phosphate. (iucr.org)

dehydrogenase PaaH forms 3-oxoadipyl-CoA, and thiolase PaaJ forms succinyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)

Expression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the mitochondrion of tobacco plants inhibits growth and restricts photosynthesis. (mpg.de)
The cyclic keto-enol insecticide spirotetramat inhibits insect and spider mite acetyl-CoA carboxylases by interfering with the carboxyltransferase partial reaction. (embl.de)

The four CoA-dependent butanol producing synthetic routes ( atoB - adhE2 route, atoB - TPC7 route, nphT7 - adhE2 route and nphT7 - TPC7 route) explored for butanol production in E. coli are shown. (biomedcentral.com)

The condensation reaction of two acetyl-CoAs to butyric acid has been well reported in Clostridium spp. (biomedcentral.com)

It is postulated that hexanoic acid is produced by two consecutive condensation reactions: the first is the formation of butyric acid from two acetyl-CoAs, and the second is the formation of hexanoic from one butyryl-CoA and one acetyl-CoA [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In an effort to better understand the function of these proteins, we have expressed, purified and characterized TBNAT (NAT from M. tuberculosis) and HsaD (2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid hydrolase) from M. tuberculosis. (warwick.ac.uk)
Chitin-glucan is composed largely of two polysaccharides: one glucuronic acid, and two glucoses, and substituted with acyl (glyceryl and acetyl) ACETYLATED HYDROGENATED COTTONSEED GLYCERIDE. (web.app)

The new pathways utilize CoA intermediates that are derived from clostridial-like fermentative butanol pathways and are therefore distinct from the first microbial propane pathways recently engineered in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we designed a series of modified butyraldehyde pathways based on the CoA-dependent butanol pathways commonly found in Clostridium spp. (biomedcentral.com)

NatB domain-containing CRA-1 antagonizes hydrolase ACER-1 linking acetyl-CoA metabolism to the initiation of recombination during C. elegans meiosis. (duke.edu)

Insofar the MekB and CgHle structures suggest dividing the homoserine transacetylase family into subfamilies, namely genuine acetyl transferases and acetyl esterases with MekB and CgHle as constituting members of the latter. (inrae.fr)

and an unknown isomerase forms trans-2,3-dehydroadipyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)

Anatomy13

Organisms16

Chemicals and Drugs155

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care2

Porcine kidney microsomal cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase-catalyzed N-acetylation of haloalkene-derived cysteine S-conjugates. (1/30)

Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat liver cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase. (2/30)

Production of acetate in the liver and its utilization in peripheral tissues. (3/30)

Mouse cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase, a novel candidate for a key enzyme involved in fat metabolism: cDNA cloning, sequencing and functional expression. (4/30)

Functional characterization and localization of acetyl-CoA hydrolase, Ach1p, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/30)

Physiological difference between dietary obesity-susceptible and obesity-resistant Sprague Dawley rats in response to moderate high fat diet. (6/30)

An acetate-sensitive mutant of Neurospora crassa deficient in acetyl-CoA hydrolase. (7/30)

Brassica juncea 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase 1: expression and characterization of recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes. (8/30)

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Coenzyme A

Pyruvate Carboxylase

Epoxide Hydrolases

Acetate-CoA Ligase

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase

Acetates

Ligases

Lactase-Phlorizin Hydrolase

Biotin

Hydrolases

Acetylcarnitine

Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase

Adenosylhomocysteinase

Magnesium Compounds

gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase

Malonyl Coenzyme A

Acetyltransferases

Liver

Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase

Fatty Acid Synthases

Rhizobium etli

Amidohydrolases

Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases

Fatty Acids

Kinetics

Palmitoyl-CoA Hydrolase

Acetylesterase

Citrates

Mevalonic Acid

Acetylation

Caprylates

Thiolester Hydrolases

Carbon Isotopes

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases

Lipid Metabolism

Molecular Sequence Data

Substrate Specificity

Acyl Coenzyme A

Citric Acid Cycle

Allophanate Hydrolase

Cytosol

Amino Acid Sequence

Escherichia coli

Organophosphates

Catalysis

Glucose

Multienzyme Complexes

Glycoside Hydrolases

Mitochondria, Liver

Hydrolysis

Carbon Radioisotopes

Adenosine Triphosphate

Coenzyme A-Transferases

Coenzyme A Ligases

Adipose Tissue

Phosphate Acetyltransferase

Rats, Inbred Strains

Dietary Carbohydrates

Lipids

Oxidation-Reduction

Leukotriene A4

Cloning, Molecular

N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase

RNA, Messenger

Sterol Esterase

Ubiquitin Thiolesterase

Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Acyltransferases

Enzyme Activation

Acetate Kinase

Insulin

Base Sequence

Bacterial Proteins

Endocannabinoids

Dietary Fats

Polyunsaturated Alkamides

Energy Metabolism