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Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl-CoA CarboxylaseCoenzyme APyruvate CarboxylaseEpoxide HydrolasesAcetate-CoA LigaseATP Citrate (pro-S)-LyaseAcetatesLigasesLactase-Phlorizin HydrolaseBiotinHydrolasesAcetylcarnitineAcetyl-CoA HydrolaseAdenosylhomocysteinaseMagnesium Compoundsgamma-Glutamyl HydrolaseMalonyl Coenzyme AAcetyltransferasesLiverAcetyl-CoA C-AcetyltransferaseFatty Acid SynthasesRhizobium etliAmidohydrolasesCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesFatty AcidsKineticsPalmitoyl-CoA HydrolaseAcetylesteraseCitratesMevalonic AcidAcetylationCaprylatesThiolester HydrolasesCarbon IsotopesAMP-Activated Protein KinasesLipid MetabolismMolecular Sequence DataSubstrate SpecificityAcyl Coenzyme ACitric Acid CycleAllophanate HydrolaseCytosolAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coliOrganophosphatesCatalysisGlucoseMultienzyme ComplexesGlycoside HydrolasesMitochondria, LiverHydrolysisCarbon RadioisotopesAdenosine TriphosphateCoenzyme A-TransferasesCoenzyme A LigasesAdipose TissuePhosphate AcetyltransferaseRats, Inbred StrainsDietary CarbohydratesLipidsOxidation-ReductionLeukotriene A4Cloning, MolecularN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseRNA, MessengerSterol EsteraseUbiquitin ThiolesteraseHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesSequence Homology, Amino AcidAcyltransferasesEnzyme ActivationAcetate KinaseInsulinBase SequenceBacterial ProteinsEndocannabinoidsDietary FatsPolyunsaturated AlkamidesEnergy MetabolismCarbamatesMonoacylglycerol LipasesPhenylacetatesCarnitine O-AcetyltransferaseHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCrystallography, X-RayCatalytic DomainPhosphorylationRecombinant ProteinsBinding SitesEsterasesModels, MolecularXylansCarboxylesteraseS-AdenosylhomocysteineAstemizoleMuscle, SkeletalChromatography, High Pressure LiquidPyrophosphatasesEnzyme StabilityEstersEpoxy CompoundsCarnitineAminopeptidasesCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsArachidonic AcidsMolecular WeightPantothenic AcidNitrophenolsParaoxonPalmitoyl Coenzyme A8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic AcidMolecular StructureXylosidasesMicrosomes, LiverMutationStructure-Activity Relationshipbeta-GlucosidaseCellulasePseudomonasMutagenesis, Site-DirectedEndo-1,4-beta XylanasesLactaseElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelAcid Anhydride HydrolasesGenes, BacterialEnzyme InhibitorsAdipatesTubercidinOxo-Acid-LyasesProtein Structure, TertiaryLipaseGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicPantetheineSequence Analysis, DNAProtein BindingBenzoatesNADN-Glycosyl HydrolasesAdamantaneBiocatalysisMicrosomesProtein ConformationTemperatureLauric AcidsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialPhenylmethylsulfonyl FluorideChromatography, Thin LayerAcylationStereoisomerismHydroxybutyratesOrganophosphorus CompoundsChromatography, GelEnzyme AssaysAmylopectinSolubilityChromatography, Ion ExchangePalmitic AcidsPhylogenySubcellular Fractions3-Hydroxyacyl CoA DehydrogenasesDNA, ComplementaryHydroxymercuribenzoatesPropionatesReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1Mass SpectrometryCarboxylic AcidsMalonatesAldehyde OxidoreductasesClostridiumClofibrateAmino AcidsButyratesCrotonatesIsoflurophateDNA PrimersCelluloseBiodegradation, EnvironmentalCellulasesMultigene FamilyModels, ChemicalGene ExpressionTrypanosoma vivaxRabbitsSuccinate-CoA LigasesAcetic AcidGlyceridesCarboxy-LyasesEnoyl-CoA HydrataseAspergillus nigerPlasmidsCells, CulturedDNA, BacterialButyrylcholinesteraseChromatographyHistone AcetyltransferasesChemistryPyruvate Dehydrogenase ComplexDisulfidesCrystallizationCell Wall
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase: A carboxylating enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and HCO3- to ADP, orthophosphate, and malonyl-CoA. It is a biotinyl-protein that also catalyzes transcarboxylation. The plant enzyme also carboxylates propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.4.1.2.Coenzyme APyruvate Carboxylase: A biotin-dependent enzyme belonging to the ligase family that catalyzes the addition of CARBON DIOXIDE to pyruvate. It is occurs in both plants and animals. Deficiency of this enzyme causes severe psychomotor retardation and ACIDOSIS, LACTIC in infants. EC 6.4.1.1.Epoxide Hydrolases: Enzymes that catalyze reversibly the formation of an epoxide or arene oxide from a glycol or aromatic diol, respectively.Acetate-CoA Ligase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP, acetate, and CoA to form AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl CoA. It acts also on propionates and acrylates. EC 6.2.1.1.ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase: An enzyme that, in the presence of ATP and COENZYME A, catalyzes the cleavage of citrate to yield acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate, ADP, and ORTHOPHOSPHATE. This reaction represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.8.Acetates: Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.Ligases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.Lactase-Phlorizin Hydrolase: The multifunctional protein that contains two enzyme domains. The first domain (EC 3.2.1.62) hydrolyzes glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine to a sugar and N-acylsphingosine. The second domain (EC 3.2.1.108) hydrolyzes LACTOSE and is found in the intestinal brush border membrane. Loss of activity for this enzyme in humans results in LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.Biotin: A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.Hydrolases: Any member of the class of enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of the substrate and the addition of water to the resulting molecules, e.g., ESTERASES, glycosidases (GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASES), lipases, NUCLEOTIDASES, peptidases (PEPTIDE HYDROLASES), and phosphatases (PHOSPHORIC MONOESTER HYDROLASES). EC 3.Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.Acetyl-CoA Hydrolase: An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA to yield CoA and acetate. The enzyme is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids. EC 3.1.2.1.Adenosylhomocysteinase: An enzyme which catalyzes the catabolism of S-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE to ADENOSINE and HOMOCYSTEINE. It may play a role in regulating the concentration of intracellular adenosylhomocysteine.Magnesium Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain magnesium as an integral part of the molecule.gamma-Glutamyl Hydrolase: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of pteroylpolyglutamic acids in gamma linkage to pterolylmonoglutamic acid and free glutamic acid. EC 3.4.19.9.Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.Acetyltransferases: Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from acetyl coenzyme A, to another compound. EC 2.3.1.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of ACETYL COA. Some enzymes called thiolase or thiolase-I have referred to this activity or to the activity of ACETYL-COA C-ACYLTRANSFERASE.Fatty Acid Synthases: Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA derivatives.Rhizobium etli: A species of gram-negative bacteria and nitrogen innoculant of PHASEOLUS VULGARIS.AmidohydrolasesCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases: Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid anion.Fatty Acids: Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Palmitoyl-CoA Hydrolase: Enzyme catalyzing reversibly the hydrolysis of palmitoyl-CoA or other long-chain acyl coenzyme A compounds to yield CoA and palmitate or other acyl esters. The enzyme is involved in the esterification of fatty acids to form triglycerides. EC 3.1.2.2.Acetylesterase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate esters and water to alcohols and acetate. EC 3.1.1.6.CitratesMevalonic AcidAcetylation: Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.Thiolester HydrolasesCarbon Isotopes: Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.AMP-Activated Protein Kinases: Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.Lipid Metabolism: Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Acyl Coenzyme A: S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.Citric Acid Cycle: A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.Allophanate Hydrolase: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of allophanic acid to two molecules of ammonia plus two molecules of "active carbon dioxide". EC 3.5.1.54.Cytosol: Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Organophosphates: Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.Catalysis: The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.Glucose: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.Multienzyme Complexes: Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.Glycoside HydrolasesMitochondria, Liver: Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.Carbon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.Adenosine Triphosphate: An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.Coenzyme A-Transferases: Enzymes which transfer coenzyme A moieties from acyl- or acetyl-CoA to various carboxylic acceptors forming a thiol ester. Enzymes in this group are instrumental in ketone body metabolism and utilization of acetoacetate in mitochondria. EC 2.8.3.Coenzyme A Ligases: Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.Adipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Phosphate Acetyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. EC 2.3.1.8.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Dietary Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase: An autolytic enzyme bound to the surface of bacterial cell walls. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of the link between N-acetylmuramoyl residues and L-amino acid residues in certain cell wall glycopeptides, particularly peptidoglycan. EC 3.5.1.28.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Sterol Esterase: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and some other sterol esters, to liberate cholesterol plus a fatty acid anion.Ubiquitin Thiolesterase: A thioester hydrolase which acts on esters formed between thiols such as DITHIOTHREITOL or GLUTATHIONE and the C-terminal glycine residue of UBIQUITIN.Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases: Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Acyltransferases: Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.Enzyme Activation: Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.Acetate Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP with the formation of acetylphosphate and ADP. It is important in the glycolysis process. EC 2.7.2.1.Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Endocannabinoids: Fatty acid derivatives that have specificity for CANNABINOID RECEPTORS. They are structurally distinct from CANNABINOIDS and were originally discovered as a group of endogenous CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS.Dietary Fats: Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.Polyunsaturated Alkamides: Amides composed of unsaturated aliphatic FATTY ACIDS linked with AMINES by an amide bond. They are most prominent in ASTERACEAE; PIPERACEAE; and RUTACEAE; and also found in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE; BRASSICACEAE; CONVOLVULACEAE; EUPHORBIACEAE; MENISPERMACEAE; POACEAE; and SOLANACEAE. They are recognized by their pungent taste and for causing numbing and salivation.Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Carbamates: Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.Monoacylglycerol Lipases: An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids EC 3.1.1.23.Phenylacetates: Derivatives of phenylacetic acid. Included under this heading are a variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the benzeneacetic acid structure. Note that this class of compounds should not be confused with derivatives of phenyl acetate, which contain the PHENOL ester of ACETIC ACID.Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of O-acetylcarnitine from acetyl-CoA plus carnitine. EC 2.3.1.7.Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Crystallography, X-Ray: The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Catalytic Domain: The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.EsterasesModels, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.Xylans: Polysaccharides consisting of xylose units.Carboxylesterase: Carboxylesterase is a serine-dependent esterase with wide substrate specificity. The enzyme is involved in the detoxification of XENOBIOTICS and the activation of ester and of amide PRODRUGS.S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.Pyrophosphatases: A group of enzymes within the class EC 3.6.1.- that catalyze the hydrolysis of diphosphate bonds, chiefly in nucleoside di- and triphosphates. They may liberate either a mono- or diphosphate. EC 3.6.1.-.Enzyme Stability: The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.EstersEpoxy Compounds: Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.Carnitine: A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.Aminopeptidases: A subclass of EXOPEPTIDASES that act on the free N terminus end of a polypeptide liberating a single amino acid residue. EC 3.4.11.Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators: Compounds that interact with and modulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.Arachidonic AcidsMolecular Weight: The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.NitrophenolsParaoxon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a pesticide.Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Xylosidases: A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha- or beta-xylosidic linkages. EC 3.2.1.8 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.32 catalyzes the endo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-xylosidic linkages; EC 3.2.1.37 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans; and EC 3.2.1.72 catalyzes the exo-hydrolysis of 1,3-beta-D-linkages from the non-reducing termini of xylans. Other xylosidases have been identified that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-xylosidic bonds.Microsomes, Liver: Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.beta-Glucosidase: An exocellulase with specificity for a variety of beta-D-glycoside substrates. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing residues in beta-D-glucosides with release of GLUCOSE.Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.Pseudomonas: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.Mutagenesis, Site-Directed: Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases: Enzymes which catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-xylosidic linkages in XYLANS.Lactase: An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of LACTOSE to D-GALACTOSE and D-GLUCOSE. Defects in the enzyme cause LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel: Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.Acid Anhydride Hydrolases: A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of diphosphate bonds in compounds such as nucleoside di- and tri-phosphates, and sulfonyl-containing anhydrides such as adenylylsulfate. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.6.Genes, Bacterial: The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Adipates: Derivatives of adipic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,6-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.Oxo-Acid-Lyases: Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of a 3-hydroxy acid. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 4.1.3.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.Lipase: An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.Pantetheine: An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Benzoates: Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.NAD: A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)N-Glycosyl Hydrolases: A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.Biocatalysis: The facilitation of biochemical reactions with the aid of naturally occurring catalysts such as ENZYMES.Microsomes: Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Protein Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Lauric Acids: 12-Carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial: Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.Chromatography, Thin Layer: Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Acylation: The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.Stereoisomerism: The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Hydroxybutyrates: Salts and esters of hydroxybutyric acid.Organophosphorus Compounds: Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule. Included under this heading is broad array of synthetic compounds that are used as PESTICIDES and DRUGS.Chromatography, Gel: Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.Enzyme Assays: Methods used to measure the relative activity of a specific enzyme or its concentration in solution. Typically an enzyme substrate is added to a buffer solution containing enzyme and the rate of conversion of substrate to product is measured under controlled conditions. Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer.Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.Solubility: The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Chromatography, Ion Exchange: Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.Palmitic Acids: A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Subcellular Fractions: Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases: Enzymes that reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a 3-hydroxyacyl CoA to 3-ketoacyl CoA in the presence of NAD. They are key enzymes in the oxidation of fatty acids and in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.Hydroxymercuribenzoates: Hydroxylated benzoic acid derivatives that contain mercury. Some of these are used as sulfhydryl reagents in biochemical studies.Propionates: Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure.Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1: A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on central and peripheral NEURONS where it may play a role modulating NEUROTRANSMITTER release.Mass Spectrometry: An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.Carboxylic Acids: Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.MalonatesAldehyde Oxidoreductases: Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.Clostridium: A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.Clofibrate: A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986)Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Butyrates: Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.Crotonates: Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that include a double bond between carbon 2 and 3 of the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Cellulose: A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.Biodegradation, Environmental: Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.Cellulases: A family of glycosidases that hydrolyse crystalline CELLULOSE into soluble sugar molecules. Within this family there are a variety of enzyme subtypes with differing substrate specificities that must work together to bring about complete cellulose hydrolysis. They are found in structures called CELLULOSOMES.Multigene Family: A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Models, Chemical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Gene Expression: The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.Trypanosoma vivax: An active blood parasite that is present in practically all domestic animals in Africa, the West Indies, and parts of Central and South America. In Africa, the insect vector is the tsetse fly. In other countries, infection is by mechanical means indicating that the parasites have been introduced to these countries and have been able to maintain themselves in spite of the lack of a suitable intermediate host. It is a cause of nagana, the severity of which depends on the species affected.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Succinate-CoA Ligases: Enzymes that catalyze the first step leading to the oxidation of succinic acid by the reversible formation of succinyl-CoA from succinate and CoA with the concomitant cleavage of ATP to ADP (EC 6.2.1.5) or GTP to GDP (EC 6.2.1.4) and orthophosphate. Itaconate can act instead of succinate and ITP instead of GTP.EC 6.2.1.-.Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)Glycerides: GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.Carboxy-Lyases: Enzymes that catalyze the addition of a carboxyl group to a compound (carboxylases) or the removal of a carboxyl group from a compound (decarboxylases). EC 4.1.1.Enoyl-CoA Hydratase: An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the hydration of unsaturated fatty acyl-CoA to yield beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA. It plays a role in the oxidation of fatty acids and in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis, has broad specificity, and is most active with crotonyl-CoA. EC 4.2.1.17.Aspergillus niger: An imperfect fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits, vegetables, etc.Plasmids: Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Butyrylcholinesterase: An aspect of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).Chromatography: Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.Histone Acetyltransferases: Enzymes that catalyze acyl group transfer from ACETYL-CoA to HISTONES forming CoA and acetyl-histones.Chemistry: A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: A multienzyme complex responsible for the formation of ACETYL COENZYME A from pyruvate. The enzyme components are PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE); dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase; and LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is subject to three types of control: inhibited by acetyl-CoA and NADH; influenced by the energy state of the cell; and inhibited when a specific serine residue in the pyruvate decarboxylase is phosphorylated by ATP. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE)-PHOSPHATASE catalyzes reactivation of the complex. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)Disulfides: Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.Crystallization: The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Cell Wall: The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

Porcine kidney microsomal cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase-catalyzed N-acetylation of haloalkene-derived cysteine S-conjugates. (1/30)

N-Acetylation of xenobiotic-derived cysteine S-conjugates is a key step in the mercapturic acid pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the N-acetylation of haloalkene-derived S-haloalkyl and S-haloalkenyl cysteine S-conjugates by porcine kidney cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase (NAcT). A radioactive assay for the quantification of NAcT activity was developed as a new method for partial purification of the enzyme, which was necessitated by the substantial loss of activity during the immunoaffinity chromatography method. 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate, rather than N,N-bis[3-gluconamidopropyl]deoxycholamide, was used to solubilize the NAcT from porcine kidney microsomes in the revised procedure. The partially purified NAcT was free of detectable aminoacylase activity. Although low acetyl-coenzyme A hydrolase activity was observed, its effect on the assay was minimized by addition of excess acetyl-coenzyme A in the NAcT assay mixture. Attempts to separate the residual hydrolase activity from NAcT by different chromatographic procedures were either unsuccessful or lead to inactivation of NAcT. Most of the cysteine S-conjugates studied were N-acetylated by NAcT. Although the apparent K(m) values for the cysteine S-conjugates studied differed by a factor of approximately 2.5 (124-302 microM), a greater than 15-fold difference in the apparent V(max) (0.75-15.6 nmol/h) and V(max)/K(m) (0.008-0.126 x 10(-3) l h(-1)) values was observed. These data show that a range of haloalkene-derived cysteine S-conjugates serve as substrates for pig kidney NAcT. The significant differences in cytotoxicity of these conjugates may be a result of more variable deacetylation rates of the corresponding mercapturates.  (+info)

Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat liver cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase. (2/30)

A cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase (CACH) was purified from rat liver to homogeneity by a new method using Triton X-100 as a stabilizer. We digested the purified enzyme with an endopeptidase and determined the N-terminal amino-acid sequences of the two proteolytic fragments. From the sequence data, we designed probes for RT-PCR, and amplified CACH cDNA from rat liver mRNA. The CACH cDNA contains a 1668-bp ORF encoding a protein of 556 amino-acid residues (62 017 Da). Recombinant expression of the cDNA in insect cells resulted in overproduction of functional acetyl-CoA hydrolase with comparable acyl-CoA chain-length specificity and Michaelis constant for acetyl-CoA to those of the native CACH. Database searching shows no homology to other known proteins, but reveals high similarities to two mouse expressed sequence tags (91% and 93% homology) and human mRNA for KIAA0707 hypothetical protein (50% homology) of unknown function.  (+info)

Production of acetate in the liver and its utilization in peripheral tissues. (3/30)

In experimental rat liver perfusion we observed net production of free acetate accompanied by accelerated ketogenesis with long-chain fatty acids. Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA hydrolase, responsible for the production of free acetate, was found to be inhibited by the free form of CoA in a competitive manner and activated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The conditions under which the ketogenesis was accelerated favored activation of the hydrolase by dropping free CoA and elevating NADH levels. Free acetate was barely metabolized in the liver because of low affinity, high K(m), of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase for acetate. Therefore, infused ethanol was oxidized only to acetate, which was entirely excreted into the perfusate. The acetyl-CoA synthetase in the heart mitochondria was much lower in K(m) than it was in the liver, thus the heart mitochondria was capable of oxidizing free acetate as fast as other respiratory substrates, such as succinate. These results indicate that rat liver produces free acetate as a byproduct of ketogenesis and may supply free acetate, as in the case of ketone bodies, to extrahepatic tissues as fuel.  (+info)

Mouse cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase, a novel candidate for a key enzyme involved in fat metabolism: cDNA cloning, sequencing and functional expression. (4/30)

A cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase (CACH) cDNA has been isolated from mouse liver cDNA library and sequenced. Recombinant expression of the cDNA in insect cells resulted in overproduction of active acetyl-CoA hydrolyzing enzyme protein. The mouse CACH cDNA encoded a 556-amino-acid sequence that was 93.5% identical to rat CACH, suggesting a conserved role for this enzyme in the mammalian liver. Database searching shows no homology to other known proteins, but reveals homological cDNA sequences showing two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CACH coding region. The discovery of mouse CACH cDNA is an important step towards genetic studies on the functional analysis of this enzyme by gene-knockout and transgenic approaches.  (+info)

Functional characterization and localization of acetyl-CoA hydrolase, Ach1p, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (5/30)

Acetyl-CoA hydrolase (Ach1p), catalyzing the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA, is presumably involved in regulating intracellular acetyl-CoA or CoASH pools; however, its intracellular functions and distribution remain to be established. Using site-directed mutagenesis analysis, we demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of Ach1p is dependent upon its putative acetyl-CoA binding sites. The ach1 mutant causes a growth defect in acetate but not in other non-fermentable carbon sources, suggesting that Ach1p is not involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Overexpression of Ach1p, but not constructs containing acetyl-CoA binding site mutations, in ach1-1 complemented the defect of acetate utilization. By subcellular fractionation, most of the Ach1p in yeast was distributed with mitochondria and little Ach1p in the cytoplasm. By immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that Ach1p and acetyl-CoA binding site-mutated constructs, but not its N-terminal deleted construct, are localized in mitochondria. Moreover, the onset of pseudohyphal development in homozygote ach1-1 diploids was abolished. We infer that Ach1p may be involved in a novel acetyl-CoA biogenesis and/or acetate utilization in mitochondria and thereby indirectly affect pseudohyphal development in yeast.  (+info)

Physiological difference between dietary obesity-susceptible and obesity-resistant Sprague Dawley rats in response to moderate high fat diet. (6/30)

The primary aim of the present study was to define central and peripheral physiological differences between dietary obesity-susceptible (DOS) and obesity-resistant (DOR) outbred Sprague Dawley (SD) rats when given a moderate high fat diet containing 32.34% of energy as a fat. After a 9-week feeding period, the DOS-SD rats consumed significantly more feed (11.1%) and had higher abdominal (39.9%) and epididymal (27.5%) fat pads than the DOR-SD rats. In addition, serum leptin and insulin levels were significantly increased in the DOS-SD rats compared with those in the DOR-SD rats. However, we did not observe significant differences in serum triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose. No differences in hypothalamic OB-Ra and Rb mRNA expressions were found between the two groups. In contrast, arcuate NPY immunohistochemical expression was much higher in the DOS-SD rats than in the DOR-SD rats, though NPY expression in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei was not different between the two phenotypes. In peripheral tissues, the DOS-SD rats showed noticeably increased acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) mRNA expression in the liver, not epididymal fat. However, Western blot of peroxisomal proliferator activated factor gamma (PPAR gamma) in the liver and epididymal fat was not different between the two phenotypes of SD rats. It was concluded that different body weight phenotypes within outbred SD population responded differently to the development of dietary induced obesity via altered anabolic features in the hypothalamus and liver.  (+info)

An acetate-sensitive mutant of Neurospora crassa deficient in acetyl-CoA hydrolase. (7/30)

The predicted amino acid sequence of the product of the acetate-inducible acu-8 gene of Neurospora crassa, previously of unknown function, has close homology to the recently published sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae acetyl-CoA hydrolase. An acu-8 mutant strain, previously characterized as acetate non-utilizing, shows strong growth-inhibition by acetate, but will use it as carbon source at low concentrations. The mutant was shown to be deficient in acetyl-CoA hydrolase and to accumulate acetyl-CoA when supplied with acetate. As in Saccharomyces, the Neurospora enzyme is acetate-inducible.  (+info)

Brassica juncea 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase 1: expression and characterization of recombinant wild-type and mutant enzymes. (8/30)

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA synthase (HMGS; EC 2.3.3.10) is the second enzyme in the cytoplasmic mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, and catalyses the condensation of acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA (AcAc-CoA) to yield S-HMG-CoA. In this study, we have first characterized in detail a plant HMGS, Brassica juncea HMGS1 (BjHMGS1), as a His6-tagged protein from Escherichia coli. Native gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the enzyme behaves as a homodimer with a calculated mass of 105.8 kDa. It is activated by 5 mM dithioerythreitol and is inhibited by F-244 which is specific for HMGS enzymes. It has a pH optimum of 8.5 and a temperature optimum of 35 degrees C, with an energy of activation of 62.5 J x mol(-1). Unlike cytosolic HMGS from chicken and cockroach, cations like Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ did not stimulate His6-BjHMGS1 activity in vitro; instead all except Mg2+ were inhibitory. His6-BjHMGS1 has an apparent K(m-acetyl-CoA) of 43 microM and a V(max) of 0.47 micromol x mg(-1) x min(-1), and was inhibited by one of the substrates (AcAc-CoA) and by both products (HMG-CoA and HS-CoA). Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved amino acid residues in BjHMGS1 revealed that substitutions R157A, H188N and C212S resulted in a decreased V(max), indicating some involvement of these residues in catalytic capacity. Unlike His6-BjHMGS1 and its soluble purified mutant derivatives, the H188N mutant did not display substrate inhibition by AcAc-CoA. Substitution S359A resulted in a 10-fold increased specific activity. Based on these kinetic analyses, we generated a novel double mutation H188N/S359A, which resulted in a 10-fold increased specific activity, but still lacking inhibition by AcAc-CoA, strongly suggesting that His-188 is involved in conferring substrate inhibition on His6-BjHMGS1. Substitution of an aminoacyl residue resulting in loss of substrate inhibition has never been previously reported for any HMGS.  (+info)

InterSystems Launches CACHÉ 5 | InterSystems CorporationInterSystems Launches CACHÉ 5 | InterSystems Corporation
Cambridge, MA- September 23, 2002- InterSystems Corporation today raised the database performance bar with the announcement of CACHÉ 5. The new version of the companys post-relational database enables real-time analytics in transaction processing environments, a technology breakthrough in an area where demand from application developers and IT executives is building quickly.. "High performance analytics for data warehousing has been around for years, but the poor update performance of the bit map indexes used in warehousing applications has made them unusable in transaction processing environments," says Paul Grabscheid, InterSystems vice president of strategic planning. "Our new Transactional Bit Map Index technology makes CACHÉ the first database to address this need.". The worlds leading database provider in healthcare and recognized as a database technology innovator in transaction processing, InterSystems delivers high performance, highly scalable database products for Web and ...
InterSystems Delivers Major New Feature Set For CACHÉ High-Performance Object DatabaseInterSystems Delivers Major New Feature Set For CACHÉ High-Performance Object Database
InterSystems Corporation introduced a number of innovative technology additions to its InterSystems CACHÉ® high-performance object database. Available now, the new features provide enhanced reporting, Web services security and system management and monitoring.
InterSystems Caché as an Alternative to In-Memory Databases | InterSystems CorporationInterSystems Caché as an Alternative to In-Memory Databases | InterSystems Corporation
Learn more about Intersystems with the Resource Center for access to brochures, videos, white papers, and more that are associated with the company.
Mind Control World CACH » Mind Control, Brain MIND Link TechnologyMind Control World CACH » Mind Control, Brain "MIND" Link Technology
Of Susanna Radovic from F & F 2009. I remain the same person ony a part of my brain is replaced by a computer chip?. If it were possible, would you have to implant a computer chip in the brain that helped you to remember better? Or to concentrate long periods at a time, or smoothing any mood swings?. Today you can improve and modify the damaged cognitive and mental ability of medical means. But scientists are also on track to develop "brain prosthesis", that is, artificial implants that can take over a damaged brain function. If Alzheimers disease has damaged the part of the brain that is responsible for storage of new memories, would simply be able to replace it with a prosthesis, a computer chip that works on the same principle as the brain itself and that can communicate with the brains nerve cells. Similar procedures could also replace other parts of the brain with artificial prostheses.. The development of new methods in medical research raises many ethical problems. Such is the case also ...
BTC AG Wins InterSystems Breakthrough Application AwardBTC AG Wins InterSystems Breakthrough Application Award
International Energy Industry Consultancy Leverages InterSystems CACHÉ Database System To Build Smart Meter System for Consumers in Germany
Sand MakerSand Maker
HX vertical shaft sand maker is installed on the concrete or steel structure foundation which shall be able to withstand 4 times of the weight of the complete machine.Before the crusher is delivered,the manufacturer has conducted 8-hour test run to check whether cach part works normally,in spite of which it is still necessary to take overall test after the crusher is installed. Get Details ...
Specific growth rate and substrate dependent polyhydroxybutyrate production in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeSpecific growth rate and substrate dependent polyhydroxybutyrate production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Production of the biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae starts at the end of exponential phase particularly when the specific growth rate is decreased due to the depletion of glucose in the medium. The specific growth rate and the type of carbon source (fermentable/non-fermentable) have been known to influence the cell physiology and hence affect the fermentability of S. cerevisiae. The production of PHB utilizes cytosolic acetyl-CoA as a precursor and the S. cerevisiae employed in this study is therefore a strain with the enhanced cytosolic acetyl-CoA supply. Growth and PHB production at different specific growth rates were evaluated on glucose, ethanol and a mixture of glucose and ethanol as carbon source. Ethanol as carbon source yielded a higher PHB production compared to glucose since it can be directly used for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production and hence serves as a precursor for PHB production. However, this carbon source results in lower biomass yield and hence it was
Fatty acid - WikipediaFatty acid - Wikipedia
In animals, fatty acids are formed from carbohydrates predominantly in the liver, adipose tissue, and the mammary glands during lactation.[16] Carbohydrates are converted into pyruvate by glycolysis as the first important step in the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids.[16] Pyruvate is then decarboxylated to form acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrion. However, this acetyl CoA needs to be transported into cytosol where the synthesis of fatty acids occurs. This cannot occur directly. To obtain cytosolic acetyl-CoA, citrate (produced by the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate) is removed from the citric acid cycle and carried across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol.[16] There it is cleaved by ATP citrate lyase into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is returned to the mitochondrion as malate.[17] The cytosolic acetyl-CoA is carboxylated by acetyl CoA carboxylase into malonyl-CoA, the first committed step in the synthesis of fatty acids.[17][18] Malonyl-CoA is ...
Fatty acid - WikipediaFatty acid - Wikipedia
In animals, fatty acids are formed from carbohydrates predominantly in the liver, adipose tissue, and the mammary glands during lactation.[16] Carbohydrates are converted into pyruvate by glycolysis as the first important step in the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids.[16] Pyruvate is then decarboxylated to form acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrion. However, this acetyl CoA needs to be transported into cytosol where the synthesis of fatty acids occurs. This cannot occur directly. To obtain cytosolic acetyl-CoA, citrate (produced by the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate) is removed from the citric acid cycle and carried across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol.[16] There it is cleaved by ATP citrate lyase into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is returned to the mitochondrion as malate.[17] The cytosolic acetyl-CoA is carboxylated by acetyl CoA carboxylase into malonyl-CoA, the first committed step in the synthesis of fatty acids.[17][18] Malonyl-CoA is ...
Fatty acid - WikipediaFatty acid - Wikipedia
In animals, fatty acids are formed from carbohydrates predominantly in the liver, adipose tissue, and the mammary glands during lactation.[16]. Carbohydrates are converted into pyruvate by glycolysis as the first important step in the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids.[16] Pyruvate is then decarboxylated to form acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrion. However, this acetyl CoA needs to be transported into cytosol where the synthesis of fatty acids occurs. This cannot occur directly. To obtain cytosolic acetyl-CoA, citrate (produced by the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate) is removed from the citric acid cycle and carried across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol.[16] There it is cleaved by ATP citrate lyase into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is returned to the mitochondrion as malate.[17] The cytosolic acetyl-CoA is carboxylated by acetyl CoA carboxylase into malonyl-CoA, the first committed step in the synthesis of fatty acids.[17][18]. Malonyl-CoA ...
On the development of the Chilean Spanish discourse marker cacháiOn the development of the Chilean Spanish discourse marker cachái
The discourse marker cachái (ysee?) has in a rather short time span become one of the most frequently used in colloquial Chilean Spanish, especially in the talk of young speakers. Being a recent addition to the language, it is not surprising that the history and use of the marker remain in large part to be described. The etymology which is commonly presented (Real Academia Española, 2014, s.v. cachar), according to which cachar is a loan of the English verb catch, is problematic as it fails to account for the uses attested for cachái in modern Chilean Spanish. The present study adopts a historical pragmatic perspective to track the development of the verb, proposing an alternative origin, namely in the verb catar (look (for), see). By contrasting this explanation with authentic, situated, uses of cachái, the study argues that such an origin can account for the uses we see today more adequately and convincingly.. ...
Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust develops clinical portal using InterSystems Caché, delivering...Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust develops clinical portal using InterSystems Caché, delivering...
The ward management module is a one stop summary display that could be of great benefit in other environments," Howes explains. "Aside from delivering functionality that benefits patients, we have also been able to provide a proof-of-concept that demonstrates how simplified integration using Caché can reduce costs. These systems can be implemented for under 2,000 per ward, instead of implementation costs running up to tens of thousands for other similar systems.". According to Jonathan Selby, Country Manager UK & Ireland at InterSystems, this sums up perfectly the value of the work that Robin Howes and his team have been able to achieve. "Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts WebV is an excellent example of how Caché facilitates the delivery of timely patient care. We are extremely pleased that the Trust has used its in-house development skills to produce this excellent portal. Caché is the core technology for all of InterSystems healthcare offerings, including the ...
ACLY - ATP-citrate synthase - Bos taurus (Bovine) - ACLY gene & proteinACLY - ATP-citrate synthase - Bos taurus (Bovine) - ACLY gene & protein
ATP-citrate synthase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. Has a central role in de novo lipid synthesis. In nervous tissue it may be involved in the biosynthesis of acetylcholine (By similarity).
MELATONIN Animal | Temple Caché - Official WebsiteMELATONIN 'Animal' | Temple Caché - Official Website
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Kriss Profile | TypepadKris's Profile | Typepad
Mark... The jets fired...and then hired a new GM this of-season... That by definition put Rex in an evaluation period... many believe that he wanted Sanchez....and of course...he backed Sanchea publically for far to long...making it appear that he had no idea of how the QB postion is suppose to be played....not true @ all imo... I agree tho... ex would make things interesting....and it players do love this guy.. I had a cach like that ones..make you want to run thru a brick wall for him...whenever he gave you that dissapointed look...man....still feel bad just thinking avout it....I would rather he be pi$$ed.... Guy new his stuff (defensive mind)...on the final play of a game...I was playing strong safety...other team was going for a two point conversion... He told me the play the would run...fake to the RB...QB will roll out to the right...and try to hit the TE on a delayed out pattern....lock-up the TE... I did...pass incomplete...crowd goes crazy...that cach had my undying loyalty from ...
Preguntas sobre la memoria RAM by Luis Angel Chávez Herrera on PreziPreguntas sobre la memoria RAM by Luis Angel Chávez Herrera on Prezi
Taller de investigación 8 Alumno: Luis Ángel Calvez Herrera Explica cuál es el tipo de memoria DRAM más utilizado actualmente? Explica la tecnología utilizada en la memoria DDR4 Datos sobre la memoria RAM ¿A qué se denomina memoria Caché?¿Podría considerarse como un tipo de memoria RAM? Un caché de memoria es un banco dedicado de memoria alta velocidad, utilizado para ocultar o reservar datos desde la memoria principal ...
Mind Control World CACH » Mindtech about Mind Rape (Neuro Computing)Mind Control World CACH » Mindtech about "Mind Rape" (Neuro Computing)
Neurological research has progressed so far that you can hack the neural system is wireless, which means that a computer can communicate with your brain and store all your sensory experiences, and then studying your kognetiva behavior, ie, the ultimate human study. The commercial user fields are endless and it feels no need to explain the far-reaching consequences when abused. This technology brain-computer interaction has happened during the 2000s and will revoltion our way of life.. Information and communication society is on its way directly into our brains and the ethical debate is non-existent in Sweden and must be urgently addressed in media.We are a company(MINDTECH) that works for this and have come into contact with people who are victims of these experiments. These victims have shared stories and is living in the same geographical catchment area, therefore, Solna near KI, KTH and Kista. The stories are so horrible when as laboratory animals and to test the new technology in the most ...
Imunomodulátory - 27.12.2002 - 283096 - Databáza patentov SlovenskaImunomodulátory - 27.12.2002 - 283096 - Databáza patentov Slovenska
Predkladaný vynález sa týka látky, ktorá je agonistom interleukinu 10 (IL-10), a jej farmaceutického použitia,najmä využitia predmetu tohto vynálezu na výrobu farmaceutického prípravku na prevenciu a/alebo na liečbu chorôb, ktorých patogenéza sa týka zníženej produkcie a/alebo funkcie imunoinhibítorových mediátorov, obzvlášť cytokínov, a/alebo sa týka zvýšenej produkcie a/alebo funkcie imuno-zápalových mediátorov, obzvlášť cytokínov. Vynález sa predovšetkým týka použitia predmetu tohto vynálezu na výrobu farmaceutického prípravku na prevenciu a/alebo liečbu autoimunitných chorôb, ako sú diabetes mellitus I. typu, zápalové ochorenia gastrointestinálneho traktu, reumatoidnej artritídy, ale aj dny a alergie kože, ako sú alergické reakcie v koži, v pľúcach a v dýchacom systéme,vrátane prieduškovej astmy, ďalej na poškodenia tkaniva v dôsledku hypoxie/ischémie pri infarkte a reperfúzii, na aterosklerózu, psoriázu, granulomatózne ...
CPC #13: HYPERFERRITIN CATARACT SYNDROME - Living an Optimized LifeCPC #13: HYPERFERRITIN CATARACT SYNDROME - Living an Optimized Life
Discussion:. Energetics in animals is based on the availability of reducing equivalents, specifically hydrogen (H+) which is replenished byconsumed as carbohydrates and fats, that react with oxygen to generate water and hydrogen via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.. The older evolutionary pathways makes far less energy than complex animals need for chronic living. Glucose is cleaved into pyruvate via glycolysis within the cytosol, reducing cytosolic NAD+ to NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine nucleotide). The pyruvate then enters the mitochondrion via pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), resulting in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA (main electron provider for ECT), NADH + H+, and CO2. The acetyl-CoA then enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which strips the hydrogens from the organic acids, thereby generating NADH + H+.. The new pathways (beta oxidation) are required for complex life because they provide a lot more electrons for tunneling. The more electrons the more life you live.. Fatty acids ...
CiteSeerX - to Improve User Privacy [Extended]CiteSeerX - to Improve User Privacy [Extended]
CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of Caché, a system that offers location privacy for certain classes of location-based applications. The core idea in Caché is to periodically pre-fetch potentially useful location-enhanced content well in advance. Applications then retrieve content from a local cache on the mobile device when it is needed. This approach allows the end-user to make use of locationenhanced content while only revealing to third-party content providers what geographic region she is in rather than her precise location. In this paper, we present an analysis that examines tradeoffs in terms of storage, bandwidth, and freshness of data. We then discuss the design and implementation of an Android service embodying these ideas. Finally, we provide two evaluations of Caché. One measures the performance of our approach with respect to privacy and mobile content availability using real-world mobility
ACOT2 Gene - GeneCards | ACOT2 Protein | ACOT2 AntibodyACOT2 Gene - GeneCards | ACOT2 Protein | ACOT2 Antibody
Complete information for ACOT2 gene (Protein Coding), Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
ACOT9 Gene - GeneCards | ACOT9 Protein | ACOT9 AntibodyACOT9 Gene - GeneCards | ACOT9 Protein | ACOT9 Antibody
Complete information for ACOT9 gene (Protein Coding), Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 9, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
What is Acetyl-CoA? (with picture)What is Acetyl-CoA? (with picture)
Acetyl-CoA is a molecule that is broken down and used by the body for energy production. If the body has too much acetyl-CoA, it...
Stomatologia Współczesna Suplement 1/1998 - Med Tour Press Int.Stomatologia Współczesna Suplement 1/1998 - Med Tour Press Int.
Słowa kluczowe: leczenie przewlekłych zapaleń tkanek okołowierzchołkowych, preparaty wodorotlenkowapniowe. W leczeniu przewlekłych zapaleń tkanek okołowierzchołkowych istotne jest działanie bakteriobójcze oraz stworzenie warunków do reparacji uszkodzonej kości. Najbardziej skuteczną metodą terapeutyczną okazało się biomechaniczne opracowanie kanału oraz zastosowanie wkładki leczniczej z wodorotlenku wapnia. Celem pracy była własna ocena wpływu nie twardniejących preparatów wodorotlenkowapniowych (Calxyl, Biopulp) na procesy gojenia i odnowy kości w przewlekłych zapaleniach przyzębia przyszczytowego. Leczeniem objęto 96 zębów jedno- i wielokorzeniowych. Na podstawie diagnostycznych zdjęć rtg ustalono średnicę zmian zapalnych. Wyodrębniono ogniska o średnicy do 3 mm, od 3 do 6 mm i powyżej 6 mm. Wkładki lecznicze z preparatów wodorotlenkowapniowych zmieniano co 3 miesiące. Obserwacje radiologiczne przeprowadzono po 3, 6, 9 i 12 miesiącach. Ogółem na 96 ...
Cold Inactivation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase from the C4 Perennial Plant Atriplex...Cold Inactivation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase from the C4 Perennial Plant Atriplex...
Read "Cold Inactivation of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Pyruvate Orthophosphate Dikinase from the C4 Perennial Plant Atriplex halimus, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
Maraviroc inhibitionMaraviroc inhibition
Objective Fatty acid oxidation in macrophages is thought to regulate inflammatory status and insulin-sensitivity. fatty acids and are required for fatty acid oxidation [13]. Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CrOT) and carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) conjugate medium-chain and short-chain acyl-CoA to carnitine, respectively [13]. CrAT is localized primarily within the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes both the addition and the removal of carnitine from acetyl-CoA [14], facilitating the efflux of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA and buffering the intracellular pools of acetyl-CoA and carnitine. Consistent with an important role of fatty acid oxidation in macrophages, CPT1, CPT2, Crat and Crot are abundantly expressed in macrophages [15]. Interestingly, the CrAT activity is reduced during obesity and aging, leading to impaired glycemic control [16], [17]. Notably, muscle-specific deletion of CrAT was shown to reduce exercise performance [18] and exacerbated metabolic dysregulation in HFD mice [19]. ...
La vie cachée du jingle Pixar - AzulitaLa vie cachée du jingle Pixar - Azulita
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Nanotechnology coming to a brain near you | WORLD CACHNanotechnology coming to a brain near you | WORLD CACH
Nanotechnology coming to a brain near you (Nanowerk Spotlight) If you have seen the movie The Matrix then you are familiar with jacking in - a brain-machine neural interface that connects a human brain to a computer network. For the time being, this is still a sci-fi scenario, but dont think that researchers are not heavily…
Cut singulair in halfCut singulair in half
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Acot6 - mouse gene knockout kit via CRISPR - KN300736 | acris-antibodies.comAcot6 - mouse gene knockout kit via CRISPR - KN300736 | acris-antibodies.com
Acot6 - mouse gene knockout kit via CRISPR, 1 kit. |dl||dt|Kit Component:|/dt||dd|- |strong|KN300736G1|/strong|, Acot6 gRNA vector 1 in |a href=http://www.origene.com/CRISPR-CAS9/Detail.
Urologia Polska 2008/61/3 - Atypowy rozrost drobnozrazikowy (ASAP) i nowotworowy rozrost r dnab onkowy (PIN) jako stany...Urologia Polska 2008/61/3 - Atypowy rozrost drobnozrazikowy (ASAP) i nowotworowy rozrost r dnab onkowy (PIN) jako stany...

Wst p.

Zwi zek nowotworowego rozrostu r dnab onkowego wysokiego stopnia (HG-PIN) i atypowego rozrostu drobnozrazikowego (ASAP) z rozwojem raka stercza nadal nie jest jasny, zw aszcza w przypadku ASAP.

Cel pracy.

Celem pracy by o okre lenie cz sto ci rozpoznania raka oraz zmian przednowotworowych w r d pacjent w poddanych pierwszej i kolejnej biopsji transrektalnej stercza pod kontrol USG (TRUS) oraz analiza wynik w kolejnych biopsji w grupie pacjent w z ASAP i HG-PIN, uzyskanych w pierwszej biopsji.

Materia i metoda.

Ocenie poddano 928 pacjent w, u kt rych wykonano od 6- do 12-skrawkow biopsj stercza pod kontrol TRUS. U pacjent w, u kt rych stwierdzono ASAP b d PIN w pierwszej biopsji, b d podejrzewano rozw j raka, po 4-6 miesi cach wykonano kolejn biopsj (rozszerzon do 10-16 skrawk w).

Wyniki.

Raka stwierdzono u 300 (32,3%) pacjent w poddanych biopsji, za stany przedrakowe (ASAP, HG-PIN) u 135 (14,54%), z czego ASAP u 50 (5,38%), HG
Tissue expression of CACNA1C - Staining in cervix, uterine - The Human Protein AtlasTissue expression of CACNA1C - Staining in cervix, uterine - The Human Protein Atlas
Expression of CACNA1C (CACH2, CACN2, CACNL1A1, Cav1.2, CCHL1A1, LQT8, TS) in cervix, uterine tissue. Antibody staining with HPA039796 in immunohistochemistry.
Tissue expression of CACNA1C - Staining in soft tissue 1 - The Human Protein AtlasTissue expression of CACNA1C - Staining in soft tissue 1 - The Human Protein Atlas
Expression of CACNA1C (CACH2, CACN2, CACNL1A1, Cav1.2, CCHL1A1, LQT8, TS) in soft tissue 1 tissue. Antibody staining with HPA039796 in immunohistochemistry.
anti-COASY antibody [N3C3-3] | GeneTexanti-COASY antibody [N3C3-3] | GeneTex
COASY antibody [N3C3-3] (CoA synthase) for ICC/IF, IHC-P, WB. Anti-COASY pAb (GTX107934) is tested in Human, Mouse samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.
Adenosine KinaseAdenosine Kinase
Objective Fatty acid oxidation in macrophages is thought to regulate inflammatory status and insulin-sensitivity. fatty acids and are required for fatty acid oxidation [13]. Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CrOT) and carnitine acetyltransferase (CrAT) conjugate medium-chain and short-chain acyl-CoA to carnitine, respectively [13]. CrAT is localized primarily within the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzes both the addition and the removal of carnitine from acetyl-CoA [14], facilitating the efflux of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA and buffering the intracellular pools of acetyl-CoA and carnitine. Consistent with an important role of fatty acid oxidation in macrophages, CPT1, CPT2, Crat and Crot are abundantly expressed in macrophages [15]. Interestingly, the CrAT activity is reduced during obesity and aging, leading to impaired glycemic control [16], [17]. Notably, muscle-specific deletion of CrAT was shown to reduce exercise performance [18] and exacerbated metabolic dysregulation in HFD mice [19]. ...
Structural Biochemistry/Acetyl-CoA - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldStructural Biochemistry/Acetyl-CoA - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
The main function of Acetyl-CoA is to carry acyl groups or thioesters. It is the precursor to HMG CoA, an important part of cholesterol and ketone synthesis. It can also be found as a vital reagent in the synthesis of fatty acids and sterols, as well as the oxidation of fatty acids as well as the breaking down of many amino acids. [2] Acetyl-CoA is well known as the junction between Glycolysis and the Citric Acid Cycle as well as an essential component in balancing between carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Acetyl-CoA has also been a central metabolite that is involved in many metabolic transformations within the cell. The acetyl group of the acetyl-CoA is used to oxidize via the TCA cycle to reduce NAD+ and FAD to NADH and FADH2, respectively. These products are then used to fuel ATP production through the electron transport train. In May 2011, Ling Cai et al. found that Acetyl-Coa functioned as a carbon-source rheostat that signals the initiation of the cellular growth program by promoting the ...
ymdB - O-acetyl-ADP-ribose deacetylase - Klebsiella variicola (strain At-22) - ymdB gene & proteinymdB - O-acetyl-ADP-ribose deacetylase - Klebsiella variicola (strain At-22) - ymdB gene & protein
Deacetylates O-acetyl-ADP ribose to yield ADP-ribose and free acetate. Down-regulates ribonuclease 3 (RNase III) activity. Acts by interacting directly with the region of the ribonuclease that is required for dimerization/activation.
NAIRU, le Nom de la Ruse. La face cachée du chômage.: Ah, le chômage! Que ne ferait-on pas pour (et surtout grâce à) lui!NAIRU, le Nom de la Ruse. La face cachée du chômage.: Ah, le chômage! Que ne ferait-on pas pour (et surtout grâce à) lui!
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Elendilion - Tolkienowski Serwis Informacyjny » 2008 » CzerwiecElendilion - Tolkienowski Serwis Informacyjny » 2008 » Czerwiec
Kiedy znalazłem tego newsa na stronie www.kyivpost.com, pomyślałem, że zapewne zainteresuje on kilku polskich tolkienistów. Oto już wkrótce, na ukraińskim rynku wydawniczym, pojawi się ukraińskie wydanie ostatniej książki J.R.R Tolkiena - Children of Húrin.. Przekładem zajęła się Kateryna Onyschuk z Lwowa, która jak sama przyznała, w okresie tłumaczenia książki, śniła o elfach, i gnomach pomagających jej w wybraniu najlepszego z przekładów.. Do niedawna nie było pewne, który przekład ukaże się pierwszy, rosyjski czy ukraiński. Okazało się jednak, iż małe ukraińskie wydawnictwo - Astroliabi (które powstało w 2001 roku), poradziło sobie z tłumaczeniem powieści szybciej niż potężny rosyjski AST, zapowiadający wydanie książki w najbliższych miesiącach. Jak podkreśla Oleh Feshovets - dyrektor Astroliabi- taki właśnie był plan. Plan rzeczywiście sprytny, jako że wydawca zapewne zyska wiele poprzez wydanie Children of Húrin na ukraińskim rynku, ...
Switch to Europe/Worldwide websiteSwitch to Europe/Worldwide website
Kit Component:- KN300734G1, Acot4 gRNA vector 1 in pCas-Guide vector- KN300734G2, Acot4 gRNA vector 2 in pCas-Guide vector- KN300734D, donor vector…
ACOT7 rabbit monoclonal antibody - (H00011332-K) - Products - AbnovaACOT7 rabbit monoclonal antibody - (H00011332-K) - Products - Abnova
Rabbit monoclonal antibody raised against a human ACOT7 peptide using ARM Technology. A synthetic peptide of human ACOT7 is used for rabbit immunization.Customer or Abnova will decide on the preferred peptide sequence. (H00011332-K) - Products - Abnova
Acot6 - PrimePCR Assay and Template | Life Science | Bio-RadAcot6 - PrimePCR Assay and Template | Life Science | Bio-Rad
Use Bio-Rads PrimePCR assays, controls, templates for your target gene. Every primer pair is optimized, experimentally validated, and performance guaranteed.
Pyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 3 (P26263) - Yeast Metabolome DatabasePyruvate decarboxylase isozyme 3 (P26263) - Yeast Metabolome Database
Minor of three pyruvate decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6) implicated in the nonoxidative conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide during alcoholic fermentation. Most of the produced acetaldehyde is subsequently reduced to ethanol, but some is required for cytosolic acetyl-CoA production for biosynthetic pathways. The enzyme is also one of five 2-oxo acid decarboxylases (PDC1, PDC5, PDC6, ARO10, and THI3) able to decarboxylate more complex 2-oxo acids (alpha-keto-acids) than pyruvate, which seem mainly involved in amino acid catabolism. Here the enzyme catalyzes the decarboxylation of amino acids, which, in a first step, have been transaminated to the corresponding 2-oxo acids. In a third step, the resulting aldehydes are reduced to alcohols, collectively referred to as fusel oils or alcohols. Its preferred substrates are the transaminated amino acids valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan, whereas leucine is no substrate. In a side-reaction the carbanionic ...
Acot2 - PCR Primer Pair - SYBR | PrimePCR | Bio-RadAcot2 - PCR Primer Pair - SYBR | PrimePCR | Bio-Rad
Perform reliable qPCR with Bio-Rads pre-validated Acot2 primer pair, for the Rat genome. Designed for SYBR Green-based detection.
Hi-Fructose Collected 2 Box Set Bundle! | Hi-Fructose MagazineHi-Fructose Collected 2 Box Set Bundle! | Hi-Fructose Magazine
We recently found a caché of Hi-Fructose Collected 2 Box Sets and have just made them available for order as a special gift wrapped bundle!. There are 40 available. Each Limited Edition Box Set features:. - The 300 page Hi-Fructose Collected 2 Hardcover Book - A special large 2x2 Fold-Out Poster by Jason Freeny. - Specially Designed Sticker Pages from Travis Lampe, Gary Baseman, & Ferris Plock!. - 5 Special Edition Prints from: Travis Louie, Audrey Kawasaki, Edwin Ushiro, Mars-1 and Yoko dHolbachie packaged. in a beautiful print portfolio with vellum artist and title pages between each print.. All contained in this solid ribbon-tied Deluxe Box Set!. See complete info on the book, prints and set here.. To order the set go here. ...
Splinter Cell: Chaos TheorySplinter Cell: Chaos Theory
Does anyone else have this game? For the entire game Ive had the shaders at max and using hardware shadow mapping. Now on one level when it says cach
ACOT9 protein (Homo sapiens) - STRING network viewACOT9 protein (Homo sapiens) - STRING network view
Network Display - Nodes are either colored (if they are directly linked to the input - as in the table) or white (nodes of a higher iteration/depth). Edges, i.e. predicted functional links, consist of up to eight lines: one color for each type of evidence. Hover or click to reveal more information about the node/edge ...
Probable hydrolase PNKD抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-Probable hydrolase PNKD抗体(ab113811)Probable hydrolase PNKD抗体|Abcam中国|Anti-Probable hydrolase PNKD抗体(ab113811)
Probable hydrolase PNKD兔多克隆抗体(ab113811)可与小鼠样本反应并经WB实验严格验证。中国75%以上现货，所有产品均提供质保服务，可通过电话、电邮或微信获得本地专属技术支持。
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United States Basketball League - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopediaUnited States Basketball League - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia
United States Basketball League - nieistniejąca profesjonalna liga koszykarska w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Została utworzona w 1985 roku, a jej rozgrywki odbywały się w miesiącach wiosenno-letnich. Bardzo szybko zaczęła pełnić rolę ligi rozwojowej dla młodych zawodników, starających się o angaż w NBA lub próbujących do niej wrócić po kontuzji. W 1989 liga zawiesiła swoją działalność na rok. Oficjalnie liga została zawieszona w 2008 roku. Przez kolejne dwa lata próbowano ją reaktywować, jednak bez większych rezultatów. ...
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl-CoA CarboxylaseCoenzyme APyruvate CarboxylaseEpoxide HydrolasesAcetate-CoA LigaseATP Citrate (pro-S)-LyaseAcetatesLigasesLactase-Phlorizin HydrolaseBiotinHydrolasesAcetylcarnitineAcetyl-CoA HydrolaseAdenosylhomocysteinaseMagnesium Compoundsgamma-Glutamyl HydrolaseMalonyl Coenzyme AAcetyltransferasesLiverAcetyl-CoA C-AcetyltransferaseFatty Acid SynthasesRhizobium etliAmidohydrolasesCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesFatty AcidsKineticsPalmitoyl-CoA HydrolaseAcetylesteraseCitratesMevalonic AcidAcetylationCaprylatesThiolester HydrolasesCarbon IsotopesAMP-Activated Protein KinasesLipid MetabolismMolecular Sequence DataSubstrate SpecificityAcyl Coenzyme ACitric Acid CycleAllophanate HydrolaseCytosolAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coliOrganophosphatesCatalysisGlucoseMultienzyme ComplexesGlycoside HydrolasesMitochondria, LiverHydrolysisCarbon RadioisotopesAdenosine TriphosphateCoenzyme A-TransferasesCoenzyme A LigasesAdipose TissuePhosphate AcetyltransferaseRats, Inbred StrainsDietary CarbohydratesLipidsOxidation-ReductionLeukotriene A4Cloning, MolecularN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseRNA, MessengerSterol EsteraseUbiquitin ThiolesteraseHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesSequence Homology, Amino AcidAcyltransferasesEnzyme ActivationAcetate KinaseInsulinBase SequenceBacterial ProteinsEndocannabinoidsDietary FatsPolyunsaturated AlkamidesEnergy MetabolismCarbamatesMonoacylglycerol LipasesPhenylacetatesCarnitine O-AcetyltransferaseHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCrystallography, X-RayCatalytic DomainPhosphorylationRecombinant ProteinsBinding SitesEsterasesModels, MolecularXylansCarboxylesteraseS-AdenosylhomocysteineAstemizoleMuscle, SkeletalChromatography, High Pressure LiquidPyrophosphatasesEnzyme StabilityEstersEpoxy CompoundsCarnitineAminopeptidasesCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsArachidonic AcidsMolecular WeightPantothenic AcidNitrophenolsParaoxonPalmitoyl Coenzyme A8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic AcidMolecular StructureXylosidasesMicrosomes, LiverMutationStructure-Activity Relationshipbeta-GlucosidaseCellulasePseudomonasMutagenesis, Site-DirectedEndo-1,4-beta XylanasesLactaseElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelAcid Anhydride HydrolasesGenes, BacterialEnzyme InhibitorsAdipatesTubercidinOxo-Acid-LyasesProtein Structure, TertiaryLipaseGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicPantetheineSequence Analysis, DNAProtein BindingBenzoatesNADN-Glycosyl HydrolasesAdamantaneBiocatalysisMicrosomesProtein ConformationTemperatureLauric AcidsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialPhenylmethylsulfonyl FluorideChromatography, Thin LayerAcylationStereoisomerismHydroxybutyratesOrganophosphorus CompoundsChromatography, GelEnzyme AssaysAmylopectinSolubilityChromatography, Ion ExchangePalmitic AcidsPhylogenySubcellular Fractions3-Hydroxyacyl CoA DehydrogenasesDNA, ComplementaryHydroxymercuribenzoatesPropionatesReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1Mass SpectrometryCarboxylic AcidsMalonatesAldehyde OxidoreductasesClostridiumClofibrateAmino AcidsButyratesCrotonatesIsoflurophateDNA PrimersCelluloseBiodegradation, EnvironmentalCellulasesMultigene FamilyModels, ChemicalGene ExpressionTrypanosoma vivaxRabbitsSuccinate-CoA LigasesAcetic AcidGlyceridesCarboxy-LyasesEnoyl-CoA HydrataseAspergillus nigerPlasmidsCells, CulturedDNA, BacterialButyrylcholinesteraseChromatographyHistone AcetyltransferasesChemistryPyruvate Dehydrogenase ComplexDisulfidesCrystallizationCell Wall
ACOT12ACOT12
Suematsu N, Isohashi F (2007). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of human cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase". Acta ... 2001). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat liver cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (9): ... rat liver cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A hydrolase". J. Chromatogr. B. 790 (1-2): 239-44. doi:10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00167-3. PMID ... "A revised nomenclature for mammalian acyl-CoA thioesterases/hydrolases". J Lipid Res. 46 (9): 2029-32. doi:10.1194/jlr.E500003- ...
ThioesteraseThioesterase
Acetyl-CoA hydrolase, palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, succinyl-CoA hydrolase, formyl-CoA hydrolase, acyl-CoA hydrolase are a few ... Esterases, in turn, are one type of the several hydrolases known. Thioesterases exhibit Esterase activity (splitting of an ... Thioesterases or thiolester hydrolases are identified as members of E.C.3.1.2. ... "Evolutionary divergence and functions of the human acyl-CoA thioesterase gene ( ACOT ) family". Human Genomics. 4 (6): 411-20. ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)List of MeSH codes (D08)
... thiolester hydrolases MeSH D08.811.277.352.897.075 --- acetyl-CoA hydrolase MeSH D08.811.277.352.897.700 --- palmitoyl-coa ... acyl-coa dehydrogenases MeSH D08.811.682.660.150.100 --- acyl-coa dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.660.150.150 --- acyl-coa ... acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.105 --- amino-acid n-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.150 ... N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase MeSH D08.811.277.087.760 --- pyroglutamate hydrolase MeSH D08.811.277.087.831 ...
List of EC numbers (EC 3)List of EC numbers (EC 3)
... acetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.2: palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.3: succinyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.4: 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA ... bile-acid-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.27: choloyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.28: 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.29: ... formyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.11: acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.12: S-formylglutathione hydrolase EC 3.1.2.13: S- ... ADP-dependent short-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.19: ADP-dependent medium-chain-acyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.20: acyl-CoA ...
Acetyl-CoA hydrolaseAcetyl-CoA hydrolase
... acetyl-CoA acylase, acetyl coenzyme A hydrolase, acetyl coenzyme A deacylase, acetyl coenzyme A acylase, and acetyl-CoA thiol ... In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + H2O ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA hydrolase. Other names in common use include acetyl-CoA deacylase, ... the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and H2O, whereas its two products are CoA and acetate. It is present in many ...
Succinyl-CoA hydrolaseSuccinyl-CoA hydrolase
This enzyme participates in citrate cycle (tca cycle). Gergely J, Hele P, Ramakrishnan CV (1952). "Succinyl and acetyl coenzyme ... In enzymology, a succinyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction succinyl-CoA + H2O ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is succinyl-CoA hydrolase. Other names in common use include succinyl-CoA acylase, ... whereas its two products are CoA and succinate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on ...
acetyl-CoA carboxylase)-phosphataseacetyl-CoA carboxylase)-phosphatase
... whereas its two products are acetyl-CoA carboxylase and phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, ... acetyl-CoA carboxylase]-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.44) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction [acetyl-CoA carboxylase] ... acetyl-CoA carboxylase] + phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphate and H2O, ... Krakower GR; Kim K-H (1980). "Purification and properties of acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphatase". J. Biol. Chem. 256 (5): 2408- ...
Formyl-CoA hydrolaseFormyl-CoA hydrolase
I. Formyl coenzyme A, an intermediate in the formate-dependent decomposition of acetyl phosphate in Clostridium kluyveri". J. ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is formyl-CoA hydrolase. This enzyme is also called formyl coenzyme A hydrolase. This ... In enzymology, a formyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction formyl-CoA + H2O ⇌ {\ ... whereas its two products are CoA and formate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on ...
N-Acetylglutamic acidN-Acetylglutamic acid
... (abbreviated NAcGlu) is biosynthesized from glutamic acid and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme N-acetylglutamate ... The reverse reaction, hydrolysis of the acetyl group, is catalyzed by a specific hydrolase. NAcGlu activates carbamoyl ... Glutamate Glutamic acid "N-Acetyl-DL-glutamic acid - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for ...
AlkylacetylglycerophosphataseAlkylacetylglycerophosphatase
Biochemical characterization of 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase in rat spleen". J. Biol. Chem. 261 ( ... whereas its two products are 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol and phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, ... Other names in common use include 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, and alkylacetylglycerophosphate ... 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol + phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate ...
Citrate synthaseCitrate synthase
The enzyme is inhibited by high ratios of ATP:ADP, acetyl-CoA:CoA, and NADH:NAD, as high concentrations of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and ... These experiments have revealed that this single site alternates between two forms, which participate in ligase and hydrolase ... acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O → citrate + CoA-SH acetyl-CoA Oxaloacetic acid Citric acid Oxaloacetate is regenerated after ... This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citroyl-CoA ...
TyrosineTyrosine
Acetoacetate is a ketone body, which is activated with succinyl-CoA, and thereafter it can be converted into acetyl-CoA, which ... Fumarylacetoacetate is finally split by the enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase through the addition of a water molecule. ...
MetabolismMetabolism
... acetyl-CoA), which releases some energy. Finally, the acetyl group on the CoA is oxidised to water and carbon dioxide in the ... These digestive enzymes include proteases that digest proteins into amino acids, as well as glycoside hydrolases that digest ... and this breakdown process involves the release of significant amounts of acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and pyruvate, which can ... The glycerol enters glycolysis and the fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation to release acetyl-CoA, which then is fed ...
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9
... acyl-CoA thioester hydrolases, and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolases. The reaction carried out by these enzymes is as follows: CoA ester ... These functions include allosteric regulation of enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hexokinase IV, and the citrate ... as opposed to long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases, which ligate fatty acids to CoA, to produce the CoA ester. The role of the ACOT ... Acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 is a protein that is encoded by the human ACOT9 gene. It is a member of the acyl-CoA thioesterase ...
ACOT13ACOT13
... acyl-CoA thioester hydrolases, and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolases. The reaction carried out by these enzymes is as follows: CoA ester ... These functions include allosteric regulation of enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hexokinase IV, and the citrate ... as opposed to long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases, which ligate fatty acids to CoA, to produce the CoA ester. The role of the ACOT ... These enzymes have also been referred to in the literature as acyl-CoA hydrolases, ...
Hydrogenobacter thermophilusHydrogenobacter thermophilus
The cleavage of citryl-CoA to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate occurs in a two step process. First, citryl-coA synthetase catalyzes ... pathways while typical PSPs need Mg2+ for activity and are considered to be part of the haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase ... Novel proteins such as citryl-CoA synthetase (CCS) and ciitryl-CoA (CLL)are utilized within the reductive TCA cycle (Reverse ... 2004). "A novel enzyme, citryl-CoA lyase, catalyzing the second step of the citrate cleavage reaction in Hydrogenobacter ...
Biotin deficiencyBiotin deficiency
... propionyl-CoA carboxylase, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and 2 forms of acetyl-CoA carboxylase.) ... peptidyl hydrolase biotinidase (BTD), and the protein ligase holocarboxylase synthetase. When any of these regulatory factors ... excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and biotin in urine activity of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in lymphocytes In the United ...
Juvenile hormoneJuvenile hormone
Three acetyl-CoAs are converted inoto HMG-CoA by the cytosolic isoforms of thiolase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase ... JH acid is attached by JH epoxide hydrolase, which converts the epoxide group to a diol. The order of cleavage depends on the ... It is converted into acetyl-CoA, ADP, CO2, and oxaloacetate by ATP-citrate lyase, together with ATP and CoASH as substrates. ... The HMG-CoA is then reduced by NADPH to mevalonate by HMG-CoA reductase, the rate controlling enzyme of cholesterol ...
ACOT2ACOT2
... acyl-CoA thioester hydrolases, and palmitoyl-CoA hydrolases. The reaction carried out by these enzymes is as follows: CoA ester ... These functions include allosteric regulation of enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hexokinase IV, and the citrate ... It is most active on myristoyl-CoA but also shows high activity on palmitoyl-CoA, stearoyl-CoA, and arachidoyl-CoA. The protein ... CoA) esters, such as acyl-CoAs, bile CoAs, and CoA esters of prostaglandins, to the corresponding free acid and CoA. ACOT2 ...
AcetylcholinesteraseAcetylcholinesterase
The liberated choline is taken up again by the pre-synaptic neuron and ACh is synthesized by combining with acetyl-CoA through ... AChE is a hydrolase that hydrolyzes choline esters. It has a very high catalytic activity - each molecule of AChE degrades ...
Chromosome 11 (human)Chromosome 11 (human)
ACAT1: acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase) ACRV1: encoding protein Acrosomal protein SP-10 ... fatty acyl-coA reductase 1 FAT3: fat atypical cadherin 3 FHIP: FTS and Hook-interacting protein FNBP4: Formin-binding protein 4 ... encoding protein Ester hydrolase C11orf54 C11orf58: small acidic protein C11orf73: chromosome 11, open reading frame 73 ...
AspartoacylaseAspartoacylase
... is a hydrolase enzyme responsible for catalyzing the deacylation of N-acetyl-l-aspartate (N-acetylaspartate,NAA) into aspartate ... one hypothesis is that it is potentially used as a chemical reservoir that can be tapped into for acetate for acetyl-CoA ... Aspartoacylase prevents the build up of N-acetyl-L-aspartate in the brain. N-acetyl-L-aspartate is one of the most abundant ... The zinc cofactor is used to lower the pKa of a ligated water so that an attack on N-acetyl-L-aspartate may occur and to ...
CYP2E1CYP2E1
In the conversion sequence of acetyl-CoA to glucose, CYP2E1 transforms acetone via hydroxyacetone (acetol) into propylene ... He J, Wang C, Zhu Y, Ai D (Dec 2015). "Soluble epoxide hydrolase: A potential target for metabolic diseases". Journal of ... EDP and EEQ metabolites are short-lived, being inactivated within seconds or minutes of formation by epoxide hydrolases, ... Fleming I (Oct 2014). "The pharmacology of the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase/soluble epoxide hydrolase axis in the vasculature ...
Tumor metabolomeTumor metabolome
Fatty acid synthesis is an anabolic process that starts from the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA ... both of which can inhibit dioxygenases or prolyl hydrolases that mediate the degradation of HIF proteins. HIF-1 could be ... Malonyl CoA leads to fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and is involved in the elongation of fatty acids through Fatty acid synthase ( ...
BiosynthesisBiosynthesis
... the enzyme serine acetyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl-CoA onto L-serine to yield O-acetyl-L- ... Orotate phosphoribosyl hydrolase (OMP pyrophosphorylase) condenses orotate with PRPP to form orotidine-5'-phosphate. OMP ... In the case of NADH, the molecule transfers a hydrogen, whereas acetyl CoA transfers an acetyl group, and ATP transfers a ... The following reaction step, catalyzed by the enzyme O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase, replaces the acetyl group of O-acetyl-L- ...
HADHBHADHB
3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. • RNA binding. • acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity. • long-chain-enoyl-CoA ... Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial (TP-beta) also known as 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, ... EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list). *EC5 Isomerases (list). *EC6 Ligases (list) ... The thiol is inserted between C-2 and C-3, which yields an acetyl CoA molecule and an acyl CoA molecule, which is two carbons ...
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl-CoA CarboxylaseCoenzyme APyruvate CarboxylaseEpoxide HydrolasesAcetate-CoA LigaseATP Citrate (pro-S)-LyaseAcetatesLigasesLactase-Phlorizin HydrolaseBiotinHydrolasesAcetylcarnitineAcetyl-CoA HydrolaseAdenosylhomocysteinaseMagnesium Compoundsgamma-Glutamyl HydrolaseMalonyl Coenzyme AAcetyltransferasesLiverAcetyl-CoA C-AcetyltransferaseFatty Acid SynthasesRhizobium etliAmidohydrolasesCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesFatty AcidsKineticsPalmitoyl-CoA HydrolaseAcetylesteraseCitratesMevalonic AcidAcetylationCaprylatesThiolester HydrolasesCarbon IsotopesAMP-Activated Protein KinasesLipid MetabolismMolecular Sequence DataSubstrate SpecificityAcyl Coenzyme ACitric Acid CycleAllophanate HydrolaseCytosolAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coliOrganophosphatesCatalysisGlucoseMultienzyme ComplexesGlycoside HydrolasesMitochondria, LiverHydrolysisCarbon RadioisotopesAdenosine TriphosphateCoenzyme A-TransferasesCoenzyme A LigasesAdipose TissuePhosphate AcetyltransferaseRats, Inbred StrainsDietary CarbohydratesLipidsOxidation-ReductionLeukotriene A4Cloning, MolecularN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseRNA, MessengerSterol EsteraseUbiquitin ThiolesteraseHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesSequence Homology, Amino AcidAcyltransferasesEnzyme ActivationAcetate KinaseInsulinBase SequenceBacterial ProteinsEndocannabinoidsDietary FatsPolyunsaturated AlkamidesEnergy MetabolismCarbamatesMonoacylglycerol LipasesPhenylacetatesCarnitine O-AcetyltransferaseHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCrystallography, X-RayCatalytic DomainPhosphorylationRecombinant ProteinsBinding SitesEsterasesModels, MolecularXylansCarboxylesteraseS-AdenosylhomocysteineAstemizoleMuscle, SkeletalChromatography, High Pressure LiquidPyrophosphatasesEnzyme StabilityEstersEpoxy CompoundsCarnitineAminopeptidasesCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsArachidonic AcidsMolecular WeightPantothenic AcidNitrophenolsParaoxonPalmitoyl Coenzyme A8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic AcidMolecular StructureXylosidasesMicrosomes, LiverMutationStructure-Activity Relationshipbeta-GlucosidaseCellulasePseudomonasMutagenesis, Site-DirectedEndo-1,4-beta XylanasesLactaseElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelAcid Anhydride HydrolasesGenes, BacterialEnzyme InhibitorsAdipatesTubercidinOxo-Acid-LyasesProtein Structure, TertiaryLipaseGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicPantetheineSequence Analysis, DNAProtein BindingBenzoatesNADN-Glycosyl HydrolasesAdamantaneBiocatalysisMicrosomesProtein ConformationTemperatureLauric AcidsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialPhenylmethylsulfonyl FluorideChromatography, Thin LayerAcylationStereoisomerismHydroxybutyratesOrganophosphorus CompoundsChromatography, GelEnzyme AssaysAmylopectinSolubilityChromatography, Ion ExchangePalmitic AcidsPhylogenySubcellular Fractions3-Hydroxyacyl CoA DehydrogenasesDNA, ComplementaryHydroxymercuribenzoatesPropionatesReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1Mass SpectrometryCarboxylic AcidsMalonatesAldehyde OxidoreductasesClostridiumClofibrateAmino AcidsButyratesCrotonatesIsoflurophateDNA PrimersCelluloseBiodegradation, EnvironmentalCellulasesMultigene FamilyModels, ChemicalGene ExpressionTrypanosoma vivaxRabbitsSuccinate-CoA LigasesAcetic AcidGlyceridesCarboxy-LyasesEnoyl-CoA HydrataseAspergillus nigerPlasmidsCells, CulturedDNA, BacterialButyrylcholinesteraseChromatographyHistone AcetyltransferasesChemistryPyruvate Dehydrogenase ComplexDisulfidesCrystallizationCell Wall
Acetyl-CoA hydrolase - WikipediaAcetyl-CoA hydrolase - Wikipedia
... acetyl-CoA acylase, acetyl coenzyme A hydrolase, acetyl coenzyme A deacylase, acetyl coenzyme A acylase, and acetyl-CoA thiol ... In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + H2O ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA hydrolase. Other names in common use include acetyl-CoA deacylase, ... the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and H2O, whereas its two products are CoA and acetate. It is present in many ...
en.wikipedia.org
Expression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the mitochondrion, Plant Molecular Biology | 10.1007/s11103-004-1557-4 | DeepDyveExpression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the mitochondrion, Plant Molecular Biology | 10.1007/s11103-004-1557-4 | DeepDyve
"Expression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the mitochondrion, Plant Molecular Biology" on DeepDyve, the largest online ... Expression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the mitochondrion. Expression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the ... specific role of acetyl CoA in the mitochondria we exploited a transgenic approach to introduce a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase ( ... specific role of acetyl CoA in the mitochondria we exploited a transgenic approach to introduce a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase ( ...
deepdyve.com
Acetyl-CoA hydrolase (P32316) - Yeast Metabolome DatabaseAcetyl-CoA hydrolase (P32316) - Yeast Metabolome Database
Lee, F. J., Lin, L. W., Smith, J. A. (1990). "A glucose-repressible gene encodes acetyl-CoA hydrolase from Saccharomyces ... Presumably involved in regulating the intracellular acetyl-CoA pool for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid ... Acetyl-CoA hydrolase MTISNLLKQRVRYAPYLKKVKEAHELIPLFKNGQYLGWSGFTGVGTPKAVPEALIDHVEK ... Acetic acid + hydron + Coenzyme A ↔ Acetyl-CoA + water Acetyl-CoA + water → Acetic acid + hydron + Coenzyme A ...
ymdb.ca
From arylamine N-acetyltransferase to folate-dependent acetyl CoA hydrolase: impact of folic acid on the activity of (HUMAN...From arylamine N-acetyltransferase to folate-dependent acetyl CoA hydrolase: impact of folic acid on the activity of (HUMAN...
... revealing that the disappearance of acetyl CH3 from acetyl Coenzyme A occurred concomitantly with the appearance of a CH3 peak ... This folate-dependent activity is exclusive to these two isoforms; no acetyl Coenzyme A hydrolysis was found when murine ... These data, together with the characterisation of a naphthoquinone inhibitor of folate-dependent acetyl Coenzyme A hydrolysis ... and facilitate acetyl Coenzyme A hydrolysis. The evidence presented in this paper adds to our growing understanding of the ...
pharm.ox.ac.uk
Patent US4394443 - Method for cloning genes - Google PatentsPatent US4394443 - Method for cloning genes - Google Patents
Glucose-regulated promoter of yeast acetyl-CoA hydrolase. US5500361 *. Nov 12, 1992. Mar 19, 1996. E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And ... Procaryotic carbonyl hydrolases. US5316925 *. Dec 3, 1992. May 31, 1994. Davis Mark M. T-cell receptor specific for antigen ...
google.com
sp=delta/epsilon subdivisionssp=delta/epsilon subdivisions
ANAD2_1_PE1014 SubName: Full=Acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase; (ANAD2_1.PE1014). Keywords: acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase; ... Hydrolase; Lipid A biosynthesis; Lipid synthesis. Organism: ANAEROMYXOBACTER DEHALOGENANS 2CP-1 8. ANAD2_1_PE1004 SubName: Full ... Hydrolase; Nucleotide-binding; SOS response. Organism: ANAEROMYXOBACTER DEHALOGENANS 2CP-1 6. ANAD2_1_PE1002 SubName: Full= ... Hydrolase; Nucleotide-binding; Keywords: SOS response. Organism: ANAEROMYXOBACTER DEHALOGENANS 2CP-1 5. ANAD2_1_PE1001 RecName ...
pbil.univ-lyon1.fr
Acylase | definition of acylase by Medical dictionaryAcylase | definition of acylase by Medical dictionary
acetyl-CoA hydrolase. References in periodicals archive ? Reversible immobilization of glutaryl acylase on sepabeads coated ...
medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
Acot9 - Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial precursor - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Acot9 gene & proteinAcot9 - Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 9, mitochondrial precursor - Mus musculus (Mouse) - Acot9 gene & protein
Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A ( ... acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity Source: HGNC ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the ... acyl-CoA hydrolase activity Source: MGI ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, ... acyl-CoA metabolic process Source: HGNC ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function, ...
uniprot.org
Londhe A[au] - PubMed - NCBILondhe A[au] - PubMed - NCBI
Expression, purification and crystallization of acetyl-CoA hydrolase from Neisseria meningitidis.. Khandokar YB, Londhe A, ...
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
KEGG ENZYME: 3.1.2.32KEGG ENZYME: 3.1.2.32
2-aminobenzoyl)acetyl-CoA hydrolase. Reaction(IUBMB). (2-aminobenzoyl)acetyl-CoA + H2O = (2-aminobenzoyl)acetate + CoA [RN: ... Structure elucidation and preliminary assessment of hydrolase activity of PqsE, the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) response ...
genome.jp
EC 3.1.2EC 3.1.2
... acetyl-CoA hydrolase. Reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + acetate. Other name(s): acetyl-CoA deacylase; acetyl-CoA acylase; ... EC 3.1.2.1 acetyl-CoA hydrolase. EC 3.1.2.2 palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase. EC 3.1.2.3 succinyl-CoA hydrolase. EC 3.1.2.4 3- ... acetyl coenzyme A deacylase; acetyl coenzyme A acylase; acetyl-CoA thiol esterase. Systematic name: acetyl-CoA hydrolase. Links ... palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase. Reaction: palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate. Other name(s): long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA hydrolase; ...
qmul.ac.uk
KEGG BRITE: KEGG Orthology (KO) - Acinetobacter baumannii AYEKEGG BRITE: KEGG Orthology (KO) - Acinetobacter baumannii AYE
ABAYE0257 putative acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase ABAYE3797 lldD; L-lactate dehydrogenase, FMN linked ABAYE3796 dld; D- ... K01895 ACSS; acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.1] K01895 ACSS; acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.1] K01895 ACSS; acetyl-CoA ... acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.1] K01895 ACSS; acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.1] K01895 ACSS; acetyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2. ... acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.9] K00626 E2.3.1.9; acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.9] K00632 fadA; acetyl- ...
genome.jp
ACOT12 Antibody (OTI1A11) [DyLight 405] (NBP2-72389V): Novus BiologicalsACOT12 Antibody (OTI1A11) [DyLight 405] (NBP2-72389V): Novus Biologicals
Cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA hydrolase 1. *cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase. *hCACH-1. *StARD15 ...
novusbio.com
BRENDA - Reference to 3.1.2.1; Id = 664215BRENDA - Reference to 3.1.2.1; Id = 664215
Acetate generation in rat liver mitochondria: acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity is demonstrated by 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. ... acetyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + acetate. the bifunctional enzyme is identical with a 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase isozyme, i.e. THL, EC 2.3 ...
brenda-enzymes.org
Expression of ACOT8 in cancer - Summary - The Human Protein AtlasExpression of ACOT8 in cancer - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas
GO:0003986 [acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity]. GO:0005102 [receptor binding]. GO:0005515 [protein binding]. GO:0005737 [cytoplasm] ... CoA hydrolase activity]. GO:0016290 [palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity]. GO:0016559 [peroxisome fission]. GO:0016787 [hydrolase ... acyl-CoA hydrolase activity]. GO:0052689 [carboxylic ester hydrolase activity]. GO:0052815 [medium-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase ... GO:0033540 [fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase]. GO:0033882 [choloyl-CoA hydrolase activity]. GO:0035338 [long- ...
proteinatlas.org
List of EC numbers (EC 3)List of EC numbers (EC 3)
... hydrolases, placed in numerical order as determined by the ... EC 3.1.2.1: acetyl-CoA hydrolase * EC 3.1.2.2: palmitoyl-CoA ... EC 3.1.5: Triphosphoric Monoester Hydrolases. * EC 3.1.5.1: dGTPase EC 3.1.6: Sulfuric Ester Hydrolases. * EC 3.1.6.1: ... EC1 Oxidoreductases/list - EC2 Transferases/list - EC3 Hydrolases/list - EC4 Lyases/list - EC5 Isomerases/list - EC6 Ligases/ ... This list contains a list of EC numbers for the third group, EC 3, hydrolases, placed in numerical order as determined by the ...
bionity.com
Physiological stressors and invasive plant infections alter the small RNA transcriptome of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe...Physiological stressors and invasive plant infections alter the small RNA transcriptome of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe...
... acetyl-CoA hydrolase; MGG_05869 = importin domain-containing; MGG_01439 = inorganic phosphate transporter; MGG_04470 = ...
bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com
CNS Axons Globally Increase Axonal Transport after Peripheral Conditioning | Journal of NeuroscienceCNS Axons Globally Increase Axonal Transport after Peripheral Conditioning | Journal of Neuroscience
... acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase, and prolyl isomerase; spots 14 and 15, malate dehydrogenase ... and the neuron-specific ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (PGP9.5, spot 20; Fig. 1B). Of note, as our analysis was performed ...
jneurosci.org
ACOT12 - WikipediaACOT12 - Wikipedia
Suematsu N, Isohashi F (2007). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of human cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase". Acta ... 2001). "Molecular cloning and functional expression of rat liver cytosolic acetyl-CoA hydrolase". Eur. J. Biochem. 268 (9): ... rat liver cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A hydrolase". J. Chromatogr. B. 790 (1-2): 239-44. doi:10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00167-3. PMID ... "A revised nomenclature for mammalian acyl-CoA thioesterases/hydrolases". J Lipid Res. 46 (9): 2029-32. doi:10.1194/jlr.E500003- ...
en.wikipedia.org
IJMS | Free Full-Text | On the Free Energy That Drove Primordial Anabolism | HTMLIJMS | Free Full-Text | On the Free Energy That Drove Primordial Anabolism | HTML
Expression of a yeast acetyl CoA hydrolase in the mitochondrion of tobacco plants inhibits growth and restricts photosynthesis ... Almost all metabolites can be degraded to Acetyl-CoA, and Acetyl-CoA itself is the building block of many biochemical ... Russell, MJ; Martin, W. The rocky roots of the acetyl-CoA pathway. Trends Biochem. Sci 2004, 29, 358-363. [Google Scholar] ... Further candidate high energy compounds are thioesters such as Acetyl-CoA which is a central molecule of present metabolism [ ...
mdpi.com
ACOT9 Gene - GeneCards | ACOT9 Protein | ACOT9 AntibodyACOT9 Gene - GeneCards | ACOT9 Protein | ACOT9 Antibody
Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 9, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human ... GO annotations related to this gene include carboxylic ester hydrolase activity and acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity. ... A revised nomenclature for mammalian acyl-CoA thioesterases/hydrolases. (PMID: 16103133) Hunt MC … Alexson SE (Journal of lipid ... acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity. ISS. --. GO:0016787. hydrolase activity. IEA. --. GO:0047617. acyl-CoA hydrolase activity. TAS. ...
genecards.org
Amino acid metabolism - ConservapediaAmino acid metabolism - Conservapedia
Leucine and Lysine Are Degraded to Acetoacetate and/or Acetyl-CoA. Tryptophan Is Degraded to Alanine and Acetyl-CoA. ... metabolite is synthesized from glutamate and acetylCoA by N-acetylglutamate synthase and hydroliyzed by a specific hydrolase. ... is broken down to succinyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA and hence is a precursor of both carbohydrates and ketone bodies. The remaining ... 3.7 Tryptophan Is Degraded to Alanine and Acetyl-CoA. *3.8 Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Are Degraded to Fumarate and Acetoacetate ...
conservapedia.com
To Break or Not To Break: Sex Chromosome Hemizygosity During Meiosis in Caenorhabditis | GeneticsTo Break or Not To Break: Sex Chromosome Hemizygosity During Meiosis in Caenorhabditis | Genetics
2015 NatB domain-containing CRA-1 antagonizes hydrolase ACER-1 linking acetyl-CoA metabolism to the initiation of recombination ...
genetics.org
KEGG SSDB Best Search Result: tgu:100218258KEGG SSDB Best Search Result: tgu:100218258
oho:Oweho_3154 acetyl-CoA hydrolase 423 103 ( -) 29 0.579 38 -, 1 smon:AWR27_23735 hypothetical protein 158 103 ( -) 29 0.408 ... cdiv:CPM_1104 acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming)/AMP-aci K01897 566 123 ( -) 34 0.315 73 -, 1 ble:BleG1_2449 hypothetical ... ddh:Desde_1771 acyl-CoA synthetase (AMP-forming)/AMP-ac K01897 548 112 ( -) 31 0.303 66 -, 1 seon:BWZ22_14460 mechanosensitive ...
kegg.jp
Frontiers | Genomic and proteomic evidences unravel the UV-resistome of the poly-extremophile Acinetobacter sp. Ver3 |...Frontiers | Genomic and proteomic evidences unravel the UV-resistome of the poly-extremophile Acinetobacter sp. Ver3 |...
... acetyl-CoA hydrolase (EZQ12320; spot 15) that catalyzes the chemical reaction: acetyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + acetate; (ii) the fatty ... catalyzes the formation of 3-oxoacyl-CoA from enoyl-CoA via L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA. Beta-oxidation is the process where fatty acid ... molecules are broken down to generate acetyl-CoA as well as NADH, FADH2, which then enter the citric acid cycle and the ...
frontiersin.org
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl-CoA CarboxylaseCoenzyme APyruvate CarboxylaseEpoxide HydrolasesAcetate-CoA LigaseATP Citrate (pro-S)-LyaseAcetatesLigasesLactase-Phlorizin HydrolaseBiotinHydrolasesAcetylcarnitineAcetyl-CoA HydrolaseAdenosylhomocysteinaseMagnesium Compoundsgamma-Glutamyl HydrolaseMalonyl Coenzyme AAcetyltransferasesLiverAcetyl-CoA C-AcetyltransferaseFatty Acid SynthasesRhizobium etliAmidohydrolasesCarboxylic Ester HydrolasesFatty AcidsKineticsPalmitoyl-CoA HydrolaseAcetylesteraseCitratesMevalonic AcidAcetylationCaprylatesThiolester HydrolasesCarbon IsotopesAMP-Activated Protein KinasesLipid MetabolismMolecular Sequence DataSubstrate SpecificityAcyl Coenzyme ACitric Acid CycleAllophanate HydrolaseCytosolAmino Acid SequenceEscherichia coliOrganophosphatesCatalysisGlucoseMultienzyme ComplexesGlycoside HydrolasesMitochondria, LiverHydrolysisCarbon RadioisotopesAdenosine TriphosphateCoenzyme A-TransferasesCoenzyme A LigasesAdipose TissuePhosphate AcetyltransferaseRats, Inbred StrainsDietary CarbohydratesLipidsOxidation-ReductionLeukotriene A4Cloning, MolecularN-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine AmidaseRNA, MessengerSterol EsteraseUbiquitin ThiolesteraseHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesSequence Homology, Amino AcidAcyltransferasesEnzyme ActivationAcetate KinaseInsulinBase SequenceBacterial ProteinsEndocannabinoidsDietary FatsPolyunsaturated AlkamidesEnergy MetabolismCarbamatesMonoacylglycerol LipasesPhenylacetatesCarnitine O-AcetyltransferaseHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCrystallography, X-RayCatalytic DomainPhosphorylationRecombinant ProteinsBinding SitesEsterasesModels, MolecularXylansCarboxylesteraseS-AdenosylhomocysteineAstemizoleMuscle, SkeletalChromatography, High Pressure LiquidPyrophosphatasesEnzyme StabilityEstersEpoxy CompoundsCarnitineAminopeptidasesCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsArachidonic AcidsMolecular WeightPantothenic AcidNitrophenolsParaoxonPalmitoyl Coenzyme A8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic AcidMolecular StructureXylosidasesMicrosomes, LiverMutationStructure-Activity Relationshipbeta-GlucosidaseCellulasePseudomonasMutagenesis, Site-DirectedEndo-1,4-beta XylanasesLactaseElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelAcid Anhydride HydrolasesGenes, BacterialEnzyme InhibitorsAdipatesTubercidinOxo-Acid-LyasesProtein Structure, TertiaryLipaseGene Expression Regulation, EnzymologicPantetheineSequence Analysis, DNAProtein BindingBenzoatesNADN-Glycosyl HydrolasesAdamantaneBiocatalysisMicrosomesProtein ConformationTemperatureLauric AcidsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialPhenylmethylsulfonyl FluorideChromatography, Thin LayerAcylationStereoisomerismHydroxybutyratesOrganophosphorus CompoundsChromatography, GelEnzyme AssaysAmylopectinSolubilityChromatography, Ion ExchangePalmitic AcidsPhylogenySubcellular Fractions3-Hydroxyacyl CoA DehydrogenasesDNA, ComplementaryHydroxymercuribenzoatesPropionatesReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1Mass SpectrometryCarboxylic AcidsMalonatesAldehyde OxidoreductasesClostridiumClofibrateAmino AcidsButyratesCrotonatesIsoflurophateDNA PrimersCelluloseBiodegradation, EnvironmentalCellulasesMultigene FamilyModels, ChemicalGene ExpressionTrypanosoma vivaxRabbitsSuccinate-CoA LigasesAcetic AcidGlyceridesCarboxy-LyasesEnoyl-CoA HydrataseAspergillus nigerPlasmidsCells, CulturedDNA, BacterialButyrylcholinesteraseChromatographyHistone AcetyltransferasesChemistryPyruvate Dehydrogenase ComplexDisulfidesCrystallizationCell Wall
TransferasePyruvateLinking acetyl-CoA metabolismHydrolysisCarboxylic ester hydrolase activityCarboxylaseDehydrogenaseLigaseEnzymesMitochondrialAcylaseThiolaseMitochondriaSynthesisPropionyl-CoAGlutathioneEncodesHydroxybutyrate-dimer hydDeficiencyBiosynthesisLong-chainProteinDegradationEpoxide hydrolaseSaccharomycesFatty acylSystematicIntracellularMolecularSubstrateBelongsEstersLiver
Transferase1
  • The de novo pathway utilizes 1-alkyl-2-acetyl- sn -glycerol and CDP-choline as substrates of a DTT-insensitive phosphocholine transferase (PAF-PCT). (springer.com)
Pyruvate2
Linking acetyl-CoA metabolism1
Hydrolysis4
Carboxylic ester hydrolase activity1
Carboxylase1
Dehydrogenase2
Ligase1
  • Degradation of 4-fluorocinnamic acid by strain G1 occurred through a β-oxidation mechanism and started with the formation of 4-fluorocinnamoyl-coenzyme A (CoA), as indicated by the presence of 4-fluorocinnamoyl-CoA ligase. (asm.org)
Enzymes6
Mitochondrial2
Acylase1
Thiolase1
Mitochondria4
Synthesis3
Propionyl-CoA5
  • Propionyl-CoA, also known as propionyl-coa, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl coas. (bovinedb.ca)
  • Propionyl-CoA is possibly soluble (in water) and a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). (bovinedb.ca)
  • Propionyl-CoA participates in a number of enzymatic reactions, within cattle. (bovinedb.ca)
  • In cattle, propionyl-CoA is involved in the metabolic pathway called the oxidation OF branched-chain fatty acids pathway. (bovinedb.ca)
  • Propionyl-CoA is a potentially toxic compound. (bovinedb.ca)
Glutathione2
  • Substrates of 15 of these 27 groupings contain coenzyme A (CoA), two contain acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), four have glutathione or its derivatives, one has ubiquitin, and two contain other moieties. (axonmedchem.com)
  • These reactions utilize energy from "activated" forms of the endogenous compounds (ie, acetyl-CoA, UDP-glucuronate, glutathione). (mhmedical.com)
Encodes1
Hydroxybutyrate-dimer hyd1
Deficiency1
Biosynthesis1
Long-chain1
Protein5
Degradation1
Epoxide hydrolase1
  • Secondary control of the JH titre found in the haemolymph of the developing insect is metabolic inactivation of JH by JH-specific esterase and juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase. (wikipedia.org)
Saccharomyces2
Fatty acyl1
Systematic1
Intracellular1
  • Changes in the balance of intracellular metabolites towards a higher level of carbon passing through acetyl-CoA and a high capacity to regenerate NADPH during growth on medium with starch and lactate were found to be the likely cause of this effect. (biomedcentral.com)
Molecular2
  • This list contains a list of EC numbers for the third group, EC 3 , hydrolases , placed in numerical order as determined by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. (bionity.com)
  • Clinicians will find this book useful for understanding molecular aspects of neurodegeneration in acute neural trauma and neurodegenerative diseases that are mediated by plamalogen-selective phospholipases A 2 and PAF acetyl hydrolases. (wisepress.com)
Substrate1
Belongs2
Esters1
  • The endoplasmic reticulum serves as a depot for maintaining newly synthesized cholesteryl esters that can be processed by neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase (NCEH), which generates free cholesterol that can exit via cholesterol transporters. (nih.gov)
Liver1
  • 3. Miyazawa, S., Furuta, S. and Hashimoto, T. Induction of a novel long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase in rat liver by administration of peroxisome proliferators. (qmul.ac.uk)