Acetyl coa c acyltransferase. Medical search

Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.

Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.

A carboxylating enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and HCO3- to ADP, orthophosphate, and malonyl-CoA. It is a biotinyl-protein that also catalyzes transcarboxylation. The plant enzyme also carboxylates propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.4.1.2.

An enzyme that transfers acyl groups from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form monoglyceride phosphates. It acts only with CoA derivatives of fatty acids of chain length above C-10. Also forms diglyceride phosphates. EC 2.3.1.15.

An enzyme secreted from the liver into the plasma of many mammalian species. It catalyzes the esterification of the hydroxyl group of lipoprotein cholesterol by the transfer of a fatty acid from the C-2 position of lecithin. In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of unesterified cholesterol in plasma. EC 2.3.1.43.

An enzyme that catalyses the last step of the TRIACYLGLYCEROL synthesis reaction in which diacylglycerol is covalently joined to LONG-CHAIN ACYL COA to form triglyceride. It was formerly categorized as EC 2.3.1.124.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.

An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that facilitates the esterification of lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent removal from peripheral tissues to the liver. This defect results in low HDL-cholesterol level in blood and accumulation of free cholesterol in tissue leading to a triad of CORNEAL OPACITY, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), and PROTEINURIA.

An enzyme localized predominantly within the plasma membrane of lymphocytes. It catalyzes the transfer of long-chain fatty acids, preferentially unsaturated fatty acids, to lysophosphatides with the formation of 1,2-diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine and CoA. EC 2.3.1.23.

A biotin-dependent enzyme belonging to the ligase family that catalyzes the addition of CARBON DIOXIDE to pyruvate. It is occurs in both plants and animals. Deficiency of this enzyme causes severe psychomotor retardation and ACIDOSIS, LACTIC in infants. EC 6.4.1.1.

S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP, acetate, and CoA to form AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl CoA. It acts also on propionates and acrylates. EC 6.2.1.1.

An enzyme that, in the presence of ATP and COENZYME A, catalyzes the cleavage of citrate to yield acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate, ADP, and ORTHOPHOSPHATE. This reaction represents an important step in fatty acid biosynthesis. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.8.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.

A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acyl group transfer of ACYL COA to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to generate 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. This enzyme has alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon subunits.

An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of ACETYL COA. Some enzymes called thiolase or thiolase-I have referred to this activity or to the activity of ACETYL-COA C-ACYLTRANSFERASE.

Enzymes catalyzing the transfer of an acetyl group, usually from acetyl coenzyme A, to another compound. EC 2.3.1.

Inorganic compounds that contain magnesium as an integral part of the molecule.

The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.

The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.

Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.

Enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA derivatives.

Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.

A species of gram-negative bacteria and nitrogen innoculant of PHASEOLUS VULGARIS.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.

Any salt or ester of glycerophosphoric acid.

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an acceptor for CHOLESTEROL released from cells thus promoting efflux of cholesterol to HDL then to the LIVER for excretion from the body (reverse cholesterol transport). It also acts as a cofactor for LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that forms CHOLESTEROL ESTERS on the HDL particles. Mutations of this gene APOA1 cause HDL deficiency, such as in FAMILIAL ALPHA LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE and in some patients with TANGIER DISEASE.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.

Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)

An enzyme that catalyzes the acyl group transfer of acyl COENZYME A to RETINOL to generate COENZYME A and a retinyl ester.

Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate esters and water to alcohols and acetate. EC 3.1.1.6.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Acyltransferases in the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the reversible transfer of acyl groups from acyl-CoA to L-carnitine and thereby mediate the transport of activated fatty acids through that membrane. EC 2.3.1.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A mitosporic fungal species used in the production of penicillin.

Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.

Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

An important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and in glycolysis.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.

A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Conditions with abnormally low levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. This may involve any of the lipoprotein subclasses, including ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins); BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low-density lipoproteins); and PREBETA-LIPOPROTEINS (very-low-density lipoproteins).

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a single fatty acid ester bond in lysoglycerophosphatidates with the formation of glyceryl phosphatidates and a fatty acid. EC 3.1.1.5.

A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.

Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. EC 2.3.1.8.

A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.

Enzymes which transfer coenzyme A moieties from acyl- or acetyl-CoA to various carboxylic acceptors forming a thiol ester. Enzymes in this group are instrumental in ketone body metabolism and utilization of acetoacetate in mitochondria. EC 2.8.3.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of O-acetylcarnitine from acetyl-CoA plus carnitine. EC 2.3.1.7.

Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.

Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)

GLYCEROL esterified with a single acyl (FATTY ACIDS) chain.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Consists of a polypeptide chain and 4'-phosphopantetheine linked to a serine residue by a phosphodiester bond. Acyl groups are bound as thiol esters to the pantothenyl group. Acyl carrier protein is involved in every step of fatty acid synthesis by the cytoplasmic system.

Enzyme catalyzing reversibly the hydrolysis of palmitoyl-CoA or other long-chain acyl coenzyme A compounds to yield CoA and palmitate or other acyl esters. The enzyme is involved in the esterification of fatty acids to form triglycerides. EC 3.1.2.2.

Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II. They can modulate the activity of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. These apolipoproteins are low in atherosclerotic patients. They are either absent or present in extremely low plasma concentration in TANGIER DISEASE.

A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

Covalent attachment of LIPIDS and FATTY ACIDS to other compounds and PROTEINS.

An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism.

Electron-dense cytoplasmic particles bounded by a single membrane, such as PEROXISOMES; GLYOXYSOMES; and glycosomes.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP with the formation of acetylphosphate and ADP. It is important in the glycolysis process. EC 2.7.2.1.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.

Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.

Large enzyme complexes composed of a number of component enzymes that are found in STREPTOMYCES which biosynthesize MACROLIDES and other polyketides.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Salts and esters of the 16-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--palmitic acid.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Fatty acid derivatives of glycerophosphates. They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups.

A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and some other sterol esters, to liberate cholesterol plus a fatty acid anion.

Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Derivatives of phenylacetic acid. Included under this heading are a variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the benzeneacetic acid structure. Note that this class of compounds should not be confused with derivatives of phenyl acetate, which contain the PHENOL ester of ACETIC ACID.

An abnormal lipoprotein present in large amounts in patients with obstructive liver diseases such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS. LP-X derives from the reflux of BILE lipoproteins into the bloodstream. LP-X is a low-density lipoprotein rich in free CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS but poor in TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; and protein.

A phosphomonoesterase involved in the synthesis of triacylglycerols. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidates with the formation of diacylglycerols and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.4.

A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.

Methods used to measure the relative activity of a specific enzyme or its concentration in solution. Typically an enzyme substrate is added to a buffer solution containing enzyme and the rate of conversion of substrate to product is measured under controlled conditions. Many classical enzymatic assay methods involve the use of synthetic colorimetric substrates and measuring the reaction rates using a spectrophotometer.

GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-.

Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.

Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.

A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid affinity and is known to displace APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I from HDL particles and generates a stable HDL complex. ApoA-II can modulate the activation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE in the presence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, thus affecting HDL metabolism.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.

An intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A formation in mammalian liver and some microorganisms.

Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.

A plant species of the family FABACEAE that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins.

An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Six-carbon alicyclic hydrocarbons.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the inner mitochondrial membrane. EC 2.3.1.21.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Enzyme that catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which ACETYL COA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS in which one of the two acyl chains is attached to glycerol with an ether alkenyl linkage instead of an ester as with the other glycerophospholipids.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.

Cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group in any position.

A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A fibric acid derivative used in the treatment of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III and severe HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p986)

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mortierellaceae, order MUCORALES. Its species are abundant in soil and can cause rare infections in humans and animals. Mortierella alpinais is used for production of arachidonic acid.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.

An autosomal recessive form of CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA characterized by defective plasmalogen biosynthesis and impaired peroxisomes. Patients have shortened proximal limbs and severely disturbed endochondral bone formation. The metabolic defects associated with the impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form of chondrodysplasia punctata. (From Scriver et al, Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 6th ed, p1497)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Errors in the metabolism of LIPIDS resulting from inborn genetic MUTATIONS that are heritable.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A subclass of retinol-binding proteins that take part in the intracellular storage and transport of RETINOL. They are both functionally and structurally distinct from PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEINS.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A sebaceous gland that, in some animals, acts as an accessory to the lacrimal gland. The harderian gland excretes fluid that facilitates movement of the third eyelid.

Acidic phospholipids composed of two molecules of phosphatidic acid covalently linked to a molecule of glycerol. They occur primarily in mitochondrial inner membranes and in bacterial plasma membranes. They are the main antigenic components of the Wassermann-type antigen that is used in nontreponemal SYPHILIS SERODIAGNOSIS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylcholines from CDPcholine and 1,2-diacylglycerols. EC 2.7.8.2.

Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA from acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. This is a key enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.5.

Animals grouped according to ecological, morphological or genetic populations.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Phospholipases that hydrolyze one of the acyl groups of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates.

Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to an ethanolamine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) It counteracts the effects of urea on enzymes and other macromolecules.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters with the formation of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid anion.

Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.

Substances used to lower plasma CHOLESTEROL levels.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Microbodies which occur in animal and plant cells and in certain fungi and protozoa. They contain peroxidase, catalase, and allied enzymes. (From Singleton and Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2nd ed)

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

FATTY ACIDS found in the plasma that are complexed with SERUM ALBUMIN for transport. These fatty acids are not in glycerol ester form.

Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.

Comparison of the stability and substrate specificity of purified peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolases A and B from rat liver. (1/166)

The specific activities and substrate specificities of 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase A (thiolase A) purified from normal rat liver peroxisomes and 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase B (thiolase B) isolated from livers of rats treated with the peroxisome proliferator clofibrate were virtually identical. The enzymes could be distinguished by their N-terminal amino acid sequences, their isoelectric points and their stability, the latter being higher for thiolase A. Contrary to thiolase B, which showed a marked cold lability in the presence of KCl by dissociating into monomers with poor activity, thiolase A retained its full activity and its homodimeric structure under these conditions. (+info)

Expression and intracellular processing of the 58 kDa sterol carrier protein-2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase in transfected mouse L-cell fibroblasts. (2/166)

Although the sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) gene encodes for two proteins, almost nothing is known of the function and potential processing of the larger transcript corresponding to the 58 kDa sterol carrier protein-2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase (SCP-x), in intact cells. L-cell fibroblasts transfected with cDNA encoding for the 58 kDa SCP-x protein had a 4.5-fold increase in SCP-x mRNA transcript levels. Western blot analysis showed SCP-x protein expression reached 0.011% of total protein, representing a 4.1-fold increase over basal levels. Surprisingly, the 13.2 kDa SCP-2 protein also increased 2-fold in the transfected cells. This was consistent with part of the 58 kDa SCP-x being proteolytically processed to 13.2 kDa SCP-2 as there was no evidence of an mRNA transcript corresponding to a 13.2/15.2 kDa gene product in the transfected L-cell clones. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of transfected L-cells showed that SCP-x/SCP-2 co-localized in highest concentration with catalase in peroxisomes, but significant amounts appeared extra-peroxisomal. Overexpression of SCP-x significantly altered cholesterol uptake and metabolism. Uptake of exogenous [3H]cholesterol and total cholesterol mass were increased 1.9- and 1.4-fold, respectively, in SCP-x expressors. Although cholesterol ester mass was unaltered, incorporation of exogenous [3H]cholesterol and [3H]oleic acid into cholesteryl esters increased 2.3- and 2.5-fold, respectively. These results from intact cells suggest the 13.2 kDa SCP-2 can arise from the larger SCP-2 gene product and indicate a role for the 58 kDa SCP-x protein in cholesterol uptake and intracellular cycling. (+info)

Oxidation of medium-chain acyl-CoA esters by extracts of Aspergillus niger: enzymology and characterization of intermediates by HPLC. (3/166)

The activities of beta-oxidation enzymes were measured in extracts of glucose- and triolein-grown cells of Aspergillus niger. Growth on triolein stimulated increased enzyme activity, especially for acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. No acyl-CoA oxidase activity was detected. HPLC analysis after incubation of triolein-grown cell extracts with decanoyl-CoA showed that beta-oxidation was limited to one cycle. Octanoyl-CoA accumulated as the decanoyl-CoA was oxidized. Beta-oxidation enzymes in isolated mitochondrial fractions were also studied. The results are discussed in the context of methyl ketone production by fungi. (+info)

Identification and characterization of an intracellular protein complex that binds fibroblast growth factor-2 in bovine brain. (4/166)

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family is composed of polypeptides with sequence identity which signal through transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors. We report here the purification from bovine brain microsomes of an FGF-2-binding complex composed of three proteins of apparent molecular masses 150 kDa, 79 kDa and 46 kDa. Only the 150 kDa and 79 kDa proteins bound FGF-2 in cross-linking and ligand-blotting experiments. Binding of FGF-2 to p79 is enhanced in the presence of calcium. Peptide sequences allowed the identification of p150 and the cloning of the cDNAs encoding p79 and p46. The deduced amino acid sequence of p79 reveals high similarity to those of gastrin-binding protein and mitochondrial enoyl-CoA hydratase/hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. p46 is similar to mitochondrial ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. Stable transfection of FR3T3 rat fibroblast cells with p79 cDNA analysed by electron microscopy following immunolabelling of ultra-thin cryosections revealed a localization of p79 in the secretory pathway, mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi region, where it is specifically associated with the molecular chaperone calnexin. In vivo a protein similar to the Golgi protein MG-160 forms a complex with FGF-2 and p79. (+info)

Type-II 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is located in peroxisomes, highly expressed during larval stages and induced by clofibrate. (5/166)

We examined the expression and localization of type-II 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Type-II thiolase acts on 3-oxoacyl-CoA esters with a methyl group at the alpha carbon, whereas conventional thiolases do not. Mammalian type-II thiolase, which is also termed sterol carrier protein x (SCPx) or SCP2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase, is located in the peroxisomes and involved in phytanic acid degradation and most probably in bile acid synthesis. The nematode enzyme lacks the SCP2 domain, which carries the peroxisomal-targeting signal, but produces bile acids in a cell-free system. Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated that C. elegans expressed type-II thiolase throughout its life cycle, especially during the larval stages, and that the expression was significantly enhanced by the addition of clofibrate at 5 mM or more to the culture medium. Whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunostaining of L4 larvae revealed that the enzyme was mainly expressed in intestinal cells, which are multifunctional like many of the cell types in C. elegans. Subcellular fractionation and indirect immunoelectron microscopy of the nematode detected the enzyme in the matrix of peroxisomes. These results indicate the fundamental homology between mammalian SCPx and the nematode enzyme regardless of whether the SCP2 part is fused, suggesting their common physiological roles. (+info)

Biochemical and genetic analyses of ferulic acid catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. Strain HR199. (6/166)

The gene loci fcs, encoding feruloyl coenzyme A (feruloyl-CoA) synthetase, ech, encoding enoyl-CoA hydratase/aldolase, and aat, encoding beta-ketothiolase, which are involved in the catabolism of ferulic acid and eugenol in Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 (DSM7063), were localized on a DNA region covered by two EcoRI fragments (E230 and E94), which were recently cloned from a Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 genomic library in the cosmid pVK100. The nucleotide sequences of parts of fragments E230 and E94 were determined, revealing the arrangement of the aforementioned genes. To confirm the function of the structural genes fcs and ech, they were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant strains harboring both genes were able to transform ferulic acid to vanillin. The feruloyl-CoA synthetase and enoyl-CoA hydratase/aldolase activities of the fcs and ech gene products, respectively, were confirmed by photometric assays and by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis. To prove the essential involvement of the fcs, ech, and aat genes in the catabolism of ferulic acid and eugenol in Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199, these genes were inactivated separately by the insertion of omega elements. The corresponding mutants Pseudomonas sp. strain HRfcsOmegaGm and Pseudomonas sp. strain HRechOmegaKm were not able to grow on ferulic acid or on eugenol, whereas the mutant Pseudomonas sp. strain HRaatOmegaKm exhibited a ferulic acid- and eugenol-positive phenotype like the wild type. In conclusion, the degradation pathway of eugenol via ferulic acid and the necessity of the activation of ferulic acid to the corresponding CoA ester was confirmed. The aat gene product was shown not to be involved in this catabolism, thus excluding a beta-oxidation analogous degradation pathway for ferulic acid. Moreover, the function of the ech gene product as an enoyl-CoA hydratase/aldolase suggests that ferulic acid degradation in Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 proceeds via a similar pathway to that recently described for Pseudomonas fluorescens AN103. (+info)

Peroxisome degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on machinery of macroautophagy and the Cvt pathway. (7/166)

Organelle biogenesis and turnover are necessary to maintain biochemical processes that are appropriate to the needs of the eukaryotic cell. Specific degradation of organelles in response to changing environmental cues is one aspect of achieving proper metabolic function. For example, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae adjusts the level of peroxisomes in response to differing nutritional sources. When cells are grown on oleic acid as the sole carbon source, peroxisome biogenesis is induced. Conversely, a subsequent shift to glucose-rich or nitrogen-limiting conditions results in peroxisome degradation. The degradation process, pexophagy, requires the activity of vacuolar hydrolases. In addition, peroxisome degradation is specific. Analyses of cellular marker proteins indicate that peroxisome degradation under these conditions occurs more rapidly and to a greater extent than mitochondrial, Golgi, or cytosolic protein delivery to the vacuole by the non-selective autophagy pathway. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of selective peroxisome degradation, we examined pexophagy in mutants that are defective in autophagy (apg) and the selective targeting of aminopeptidase I to the vacuole by the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. Inhibition of peroxisome degradation in cvt and apg mutants indicates that these pathways overlap and that peroxisomes are delivered to the vacuole by a mechanism that utilizes protein components of the Cvt/autophagy pathways. (+info)

Anaerobic toluene catabolism of Thauera aromatica: the bbs operon codes for enzymes of beta oxidation of the intermediate benzylsuccinate. (8/166)

The pathway of anaerobic toluene oxidation to benzoyl coenzyme A (benzoyl-CoA) consists of an initial reaction catalyzed by benzylsuccinate synthase, a glycyl radical enzyme adding the methyl group of toluene to the double bond of a fumarate cosubstrate, and a subsequent beta-oxidation pathway of benzylsuccinate. Benzylsuccinate synthase has been studied in some detail, whereas the enzymes participating in beta oxidation of benzylsuccinate are unknown. We have investigated these enzymes by analyzing substrate-induced proteins in toluene-grown cells. Toluene-induced proteins were identified and N-terminally sequenced. Nine of these proteins are encoded by an 8.5-kb operon consisting of bbs (beta-oxidation of benzylsuccinate) genes whose products are apparently involved in the beta-oxidation pathway of benzylsuccinate. Two of the genes, bbsE and bbsF, code for the subunits of a succinyl-CoA:benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase whose activity was previously detected in toluene-grown Thauera aromatica. The bbsG gene codes for a specific benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase, as confirmed by overexpression of the gene in Escherichia coli and detection of enzyme activity. The further enzymes of the pathway are probably encoded by bbsH (enoyl-CoA hydratase), bbsCD (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase), and bbsB (3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase). The operon contains two additional genes, bbsA and bbsI, for which no obvious function could be derived. The bbs operon is expressed only in toluene-grown cells and is regulated at the transcriptional level. Promoter mapping revealed a transcription start site upstream of the bbsA gene. This represents the first known promoter site in Thauera spp. (+info)

Acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 is an acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase enzyme. The ACAA2 gene encodes a 41.9 kDa protein that ... 3-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial also known as acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded ... "Entrez Gene: acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2". CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Abe H, Ohtake A, Yamamoto S, Satoh Y ... Cao W, Liu N, Tang S, Bao L, Shen L, Yuan H, Zhao X, Lu H (Jun 2008). "Acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 attenuates the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACAA2

The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] C-acyltransferase. Other names in common ... CoA + CO2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein], whereas its 3 products are ... CoA, malonyl CoA, degraded CoA). Specific inhibitors developed using rational design have recently been reported. In 2005, the ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + malonyl-[acyl carrier protein] ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-ketoacyl-ACP_synthase_III

CoA + O-acetyl-L-serine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its two products are CoA ... and O-acetyl-L-serine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring ... More specifically, its role is to catalyse the activation of L-serine by acetyl-CoA.This entry refers to the N-terminus of the ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:L-serine O-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include SATase, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine_O-acetyltransferase

CoA + ribosomal-protein N-acetyl-L-alanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and ribosomal-protein L- ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:ribosomal-protein-L-alanine N-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ribosomal-protein L-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal-protein-alanine_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and monoterpenol, whereas its two ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... In enzymology, a monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.69) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called menthol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoterpenol_O-acetyltransferase

N-acetyl-D-tryptophan Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and D-tryptophan, whereas its two products are CoA ... and N-acetyl-D-tryptophan. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + D-tryptophan ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include D- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-tryptophan_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + N-acetylimidazole Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and imidazole, whereas its two products are CoA ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... In enzymology, an imidazole N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:imidazole N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-phenylalanine, whereas its two ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:L-phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called acetyl- ... In enzymology, a phenylalanine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.53) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylalanine_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and D-glucosamine, whereas its two products ... are CoA and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases ... In enzymology, a glucosamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + D- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine_N-acetyltransferase

... the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and gentamicin C1a, whereas its two products are CoA and N2'-acetyl gentamicin ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + gentamicin C1a ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + N2'- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:gentamicin-C1a N2'-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentamicin_2'-N-acetyltransferase

CoA + thioacetate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and hydrogen sulfide, whereas its two products are CoA ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:hydrogen-sulfide S-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + hydrogen sulfide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen-sulfide_S-acetyltransferase

Other names in common use include N6-hydroxylysine:acetyl CoA N6-transacetylase, N6-hydroxylysine acetylase, and acetyl-CoA:6-N ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... CoA + N6-acetyl-N6-hydroxy-L-lysine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and N6-hydroxy-L-lysine, whereas its ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:N6-hydroxy-L-lysine 6-acetyltransferase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N6-hydroxylysine_O-acetyltransferase

CoA + 7-O-acetylsalutaridinol Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and salutaridinol, whereas its two ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme participates in ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + salutaridinol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salutaridinol_7-O-acetyltransferase

CoA Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and peptide, whereas its two products are Nalpha-acetylpeptide and ... CoA. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than ... In enzymology, a peptide alpha-N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.88) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:peptide Nalpha-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include beta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_alpha-N-acetyltransferase

CoA + an N-acetyl-D-amino acid Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and D-amino acid, whereas its two ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include D- ... In enzymology, a D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.36) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-amino-acid_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + 6-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and maltose, ... specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class ... In enzymology, a maltose O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.79) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ... whereas its two products are CoA and [[6-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucose]]. This enzyme belongs to the family ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose_O-acetyltransferase

CoA + an N-acetyldiamine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and alkane-alpha,omega-diamine, whereas its two ... products are CoA and N-acetyldiamine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases ... In enzymology, a diamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.57) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + an ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:alkane-alpha,omega-diamine N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamine_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + N-acetyl-L-leucine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-leucine, whereas its two products are CoA ... and N-acetyl-L-leucine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring ... In enzymology, a leucine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.66) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + L- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:L-leucine N-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called leucine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and alpha-D-glucosamine 1 ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:alpha-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase. This enzyme ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine-1-phosphate_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3- ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate 2-O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is ... Biochemical characterization of 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase in rat spleen". J. Biol. Chem. 261 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylglycerophosphate_2-O-acetyltransferase

CoA The 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, H2O, and 2-oxoglutarate, whereas its two products are (R)-2-hydroxybutane-1 ... 2,4-tricarboxylate and CoA. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases that convert ... CoA-acetylating), acetyl-coenzyme A:2-ketoglutarate C-acetyl transferase, and homocitrate synthetase. This enzyme participates ... In enzymology, a homocitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + H2O + 2- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homocitrate_synthase

CoA + polysialic acid acetylated on O-7 or O-9 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and alpha-2,8-linked ... Other names in common use include lecithin:retinol acyltransferase, lecithin-retinol acyltransferase, retinyl ester synthase, ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase. ... The enzyme responsible for the O-acetyl plus phenotype and for O-acetyl form variation". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (18): 8872-8. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysialic-acid_O-acetyltransferase

CoA + S-(2-aminoethyl)thioacetate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and 2-aminoethanethiol, whereas its ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:2-aminoethanethiol S-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use ... and acetyl-CoA:thioethanolamine S-acetyltransferase. BRADY RO, STADTMAN ER (1954). "Enzymatic thioltransacetylation". J. Biol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioethanolamine_S-acetyltransferase

CoA + an acetyl ester Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and alcohol, whereas its two products are CoA and ... acetyl ester. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other ... In enzymology, an alcohol O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.84) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + an ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:alcohol O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called alcohol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_O-acetyltransferase

CoA + baccatin III Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and 10-deacetylbaccatin III, whereas its two products ... are CoA and baccatin III. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:taxan-10beta-ol O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme participates in ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + 10-deacetylbaccatin III ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10-deacetylbaccatin_III_10-O-acetyltransferase

CoA + N4-acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutanoate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-2,4-diaminobutanoate, ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:L-2,4-diaminobutanoate N4-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use ... In enzymology, a diaminobutyrate acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.178) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaminobutyrate_acetyltransferase

CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-yl acetate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol O-acetyltransferase. Other names in common ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + taxa-4(20),11-dien-5alpha-ol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxadien-5alpha-ol_O-acetyltransferase

"Alteration of the substrate specificity of the malonyl-CoA/acetyl-CoA:acyl carrier protein S-acyltransferase domain of the ... CoA + acetyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and acyl carrier protein, whereas ... Other names in common use include acetyl coenzyme A-acyl-carrier-protein transacylase, Acetyl CoA:ACP transacylase, [acyl- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:[acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(acyl-carrier-protein)_S-acetyltransferase

... and Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA acyltransferase: evidence for a gene fusion in SCPx". DNA Cell Biol. 10 (9): 695-8. PMID ... long-chain fatty acyl-CoA binding. • cholesterol binding. • ربط بروتيني. • propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity. • نشاط ... fatty-acyl-CoA binding. • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups. • sterol transporter ... fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA oxidase. • تمثيل غذائي. • protein localization to plasma membrane. • bile acid ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCP2

3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. • RNA binding. • acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity. • long-chain-enoyl-CoA ... Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta, mitochondrial (TP-beta) also known as 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, ... The thiol is inserted between C-2 and C-3, which yields an acetyl CoA molecule and an acyl CoA molecule, which is two carbons ... HADHB, ECHB, MSTP029, MTPB, TP-BETA, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase (trifunctional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HADHB

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. *Glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase. *Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase. *Phytanoyl-CoA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. *Beta-galactoside transacetylase. *Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. *N-acetyltransferase * ... acetyl-CoA and histone) must bind to form a ternary complex with the enzyme before catalysis can occur. Acetyl-CoA binds first ... The basic mechanism catalyzed by HATs involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the ε-amino group of a target ... are enzymes that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_acetyltransferase

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. *Beta-galactoside transacetylase. *Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. *N-acetyltransferase * ... The enzyme is inhibited by high ratios of ATP:ADP, acetyl-CoA:CoA, and NADH:NAD, as high concentrations of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and ... This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citroyl-CoA ... It is also inhibited by succinyl-CoA, which resembles Acetyl-coA and acts as a uncompetitive inhibitor. Citrate inhibits the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrate_synthase

... new fatty acids and can inhibit the transfer of the fatty acyl group from acyl CoA to carnitine with carnitine acyltransferase ... Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to ... The carboxyl group is transferred from biotin to acetyl CoA to form malonyl CoA in the second reaction, which is catalyzed by ... Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. References[edit]. *^ a b c Tong L (August 2005). "Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase: crucial metabolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl-CoA_carboxylase

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. Unsaturated. *Enoyl CoA isomerase. *2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Ketoacyl_ACP_reductase

acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27). *-. Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28). *- ... "Altered phosphorylation state of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase in a branched-chain acyltransferase deficient human ... 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase (EC 2.7.11.4). *BCKDK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCKDHA

... in a series of more than 25 separate enzymatic reactions that initially involves three successive condensations of acetyl-CoA ... A major rate-limiting step in the pathway is at the level of the microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of HMG CoA to ... HMG CoA reductase occurs early in the biosynthetic pathway and is among the first committed steps to cholesterol formulation. ... Inhibition of this enzyme could lead to accumulation of HMG CoA, a water-soluble intermediate that is, then, capable of being ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovastatin

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. Unsaturated. *Enoyl CoA isomerase. *2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase ... acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. • identical protein binding. • oxidoreductase activity. • medium-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase ... ACADM, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain, ACAD1, MCAD, MCADH, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain. ... carnitine metabolic process, CoA-linked. • fatty acid beta-oxidation. • regulation of lipid metabolic process. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACADM

... the reversible reactions catalyzed by E2k and E3 are driven backwards so inhibiting further formation of acetyl CoA. E1k is not ... The E2k (dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase, lipoic acid and CoASH cofactors, EC 2.3.1.61) subunit is a core protein and is the ... NADH and succinyl CoA can be directed to produce NAD+ and CoA. The direction of this reaction is dictated by the concentration ... This allows control of the enzyme complex, via product inhibition as NADH and succinyl CoA compete with NAD+ and CoA for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:RostyslavZvanych/The_a-ketoglutarate_dehydrogenase_complex_in_Alzheimer’s_disease

... ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inhibiting acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT ... Bushway, Rodney J., Sharon A. Savage, and Bruce S. Ferguson; Inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase by solanaceous glycoalkaloids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatine

EC 6.2.1.38: (2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA synthase ... Category:EC 2.3 (acyltransferases)Edit. *Category:EC 2.3.1 *Aminolevulinic acid synthase EC 2.3.1.37 ... EC 6.2.1.40: 4-hydroxybutyrate--CoA ligase. *EC 6.2.1.41: 3-((3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl) ... EC 6.2.1.28: 3-alpha,7-alpha-dihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate--CoA ligase ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enzymes

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. *Beta-galactoside transacetylase. *Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. *N-acetyltransferase * ... Diglyceride acyltransferase (or O-acyltransferase), DGAT, catalyzes the formation of triglycerides from diacylglycerol and Acyl ... "Identification of a gene encoding an acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis" ... cholesterol acyltransferase-related enzymes". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (41): 26765-71. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.41. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diglyceride_acyltransferase

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. Unsaturated. *Enoyl CoA isomerase. *2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase ... Cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH). References[edit]. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoyl-acyl_carrier_protein_reductase

Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. *Beta-galactoside transacetylase. *Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. *N-acetyltransferase * ... They are synthesized by a series of decarboxylative Claisen condensation reactions from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Following ... from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA, in the presence of NADPH.[8] ... Malonyl-CoA synthesis. *ATP citrate lyase. *Acetyl-CoA ... acetyl-CoA metabolic process. • metabolism. • positive regulation of cellular metabolic process. • oxidation-reduction process ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_synthase

Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase. *Acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase. *Acetyl-CoA carboxylase. *Aconitase ... Acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1. *Acyl-protein thioesterase. *Acylphosphatase. *Acyltransferase like 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Protein_pages_needing_a_picture

... "acetyl-CoA:heparan-α-D-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase" and "acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase") is an ... In enzymology, this enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other ... acetyl-CoA + heparan sulfate α-D-glucosaminide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + heparan sulfate N-acetyl-α-D- ... Klein U, Kresse H, von Figura K (1978). "Sanfilippo syndrome type C: deficiency of acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGSNAT

... and Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA acyltransferase: evidence for a gene fusion in SCPx". DNA Cell Biol. 10 (9): 695-8. doi:10.1089 ... Non-specific lipid-transfer protein also known as sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) or propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCP2

One of the AT domains from MmpC may transfer an activated acetyl group from acetyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) to the first ACP domain. ... The mupirocin cluster exhibits an atypical acyltransferase (AT) organization, in that there are only two AT domains, and both ... The chain is extended by malonyl-CoA, followed by a SAM-dependent methylation at C12 (see Figure 2 for PA-A numbering) and ... Two more rounds of extension with malonyl-CoA units are achieved by module 5 and 6. Module 5 also contains a KR domain. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mupirocin

... acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2) gene Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 is an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase enzyme. ... Ohta T, Takata K, Katsuren K, Fukuyama S (Jun 2004). "The influence of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 gene (−77G→A ... Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic, also known as cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, is an enzyme that in humans is ... He X, Lu Y, Saha N, Yang H, Heng CK (Dec 2005). "Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase-2 gene polymorphisms and their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACAT2

Human acetyl-coA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT1) gene produces a chimeric mRNA through the interchromosomal processing of ... cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (acat1) sequences located in two different chromosomes (7 and 1) are required to produce a novel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACAT1_mRNA

... is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the primary amine in glucosamide-6-phosphate, ... in this case acetyl, from a donor to a receptor. Specifically, this enzyme can be characterized as part of the acyltransferases ... The Acetyl-CoA bounded to the enzyme is shown in light pink, and the product still bound to the catalytic site is shown in ... The reaction proceeds with the restoration of the carbonyl by removing the CoA as a leaving group, such that now the acetyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine-phosphate_N-acetyltransferase

CoA + N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and N-acetylneuraminate, ... and N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases ... acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- or 8-O-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- and/or 8-O-acetyltransferase, ... acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-9(7)-O-acetyltransferase, N-acetylneuraminate O7-(or O9-)acetyltransferase, and acetyl-CoA:N- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetylneuraminate_7-O(or_9-O)-acetyltransferase

CoA + an N-acetylarylamine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and arylamine, whereas its two products are ... CoA and N-acetylarylamine. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring ... In enzymology, an arylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + an ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arylamine_N-acetyltransferase

The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/gene/ACAA2?chromosome=chr18&range=47311567&v=hg19

acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1; Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase; Beta-ketothiolase; Peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase; ACAA; PTHIO; ... Catalytic activity: Acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA. ACAA1 Recombinant Human produced in E. Coli is a single, non- ... ACAA1 enzyme is localized to the peroxisome and catalyzes the conversion of acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA to 3-oxoacyl-CoA in the ...

https://store.p212121.com/acaa1-human/

Tag: Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase. Branched-chain amino acid degradation, beta-oxidation and biotin. April 27, 2021. April 28, ... Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase is involved in both the degradation of branched-chain amino acids and beta-oxidation. Acyl-Coenzyme ... Enoyl-CoA hydratase is involved in both the degradation of branched-chain amino acids and beta-oxidation. 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA ... Biotin-dependent enzymes, methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase are involved in the degradation of ...

https://schizepigenetics.com/tag/acetyl-coa-acyltransferase/

Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase 2, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The ... acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2,mitochondrial-3-oxoacyl-coenzyme A,thiolase,concluding the step of fatty acid beta oxidation * ... Acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA. *THIM_HUMAN,P42765. UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function: Abolishes BNIP3-mediated ... ACAA2 (Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with ACAA2 include Ketothiolase Deficiency. ...

http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=ACAA2

What is 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase? Meaning of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase medical term. What does 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase mean? ... Looking for online definition of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase in the Medical Dictionary? 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase explanation free. ... acetyl-CoA acyltransferase. (redirected from 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) a·ce·tyl-CoA ac·yl·trans·fer·ase. an enzyme catalyzing ... the missing two atoms appearing as acetyl-CoA. A step in fatty acid degradation.. See also: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/3-ketoacyl-CoA+thiolase

ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; ELOVL6, elongation of very long chain fatty acid-like 6; SCD, sterol-CoA ... desaturase; GPAT, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; LPIN1, lipin 1; DGAT, diacylglycerol acyltransferase. ... Pathways of fatty acid and triglyceride syntheses from acetyl-CoA. SREBP-1 is a key regulator of lipogenic gene expression and ... B, 15 h after transfection, N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal was added to a final concentration of 25 μg/ml, and the cells were ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19553673

Mutant mice lacking acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 are embryonically lethal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102:12011-12016. View ... mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) for TG synthesis (26) ( ... The subcellular localization of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97:1444-1449. View this article via: ... Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 mutant mice are protected against obesity and diabetes induced by high-fat/high-carbohydrate diets. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/34275

Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase. EMS-28. R. AACAGAACAAGCCCAGAACATT. EMS-29. F. CCAACTCCTCTCAACTTCTTGAT. 53. (CGG)4. 0.8525. Putative ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijg/2014/863948/

Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is an intracellular membrane-bound enzyme that uses cholesterol and long chain ... fatty acyl-CoA as substrates to produce cholesteryl esters. T … ... Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase / antagonists & inhibitors* * ... Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is an intracellular membrane-bound enzyme that uses cholesterol and long chain ... Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor Avasimibe affect survival and proliferation of glioma tumor cell lines ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20404512/

... acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), malic enzyme (MAL), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), and ... acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, were reduced in ob/ob-PPARγ(fl/fl)AlbCre+ mice, and the levels of serum ... glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT); triglyceride (TG); fatty acid synthase (FAS); acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC); ... Peroxisome proliferators induce mouse liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1996. 93 ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/17223

... acetate CoA-transferase activity, acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity, acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase activity ... acetyl-CoA C-myristoyltransferase activity Source: UniProtKB. *palmitoyl-CoA oxidase activity Source: UniProtKB ,p>Inferred ... "Crystal structure of human peroxisomal acetyl-COA acyl transferase 1 (ACAA1).". Structural genomics consortium (SGC). Submitted ... 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisoma.... 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal (cDNA FLJ54941, highly similar to 3-ketoacyl-CoA ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09110

Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons ... acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity Source: UniProtKB ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a direct assay ... Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons ... 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase FadA (EC:2.3.1.16*Search proteins in UniProtKB for this EC number. ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P21151

AcCoAc, cytosolic acetyl-CoA; AcCoAm, mitochondrial acetyl-CoA; DAG, diacylglycerol, LPA, lysophosphatidic acid; βox, β ... glycerol-palmitate acyltransferase; GSIS, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; KATP channel, ATP-sensitive potassium channel; ... ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; CPT-1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1; FACoA, FFA-derived long chain acyl-CoA esters; FAS, fatty ... accelerated acetyl-CoA production (for subsequent ATP synthesis) and a rise in citrate (for subsequent malonyl-CoA production ...

https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/51/suppl_3/S405

... enoyl-CoA hydratase / 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase [EC:1.1.1.35 4.2.1.17 5.1.2.3] K00632 fadA; acetyl-CoA acyltransferase [EC ... Rv0243 fadA2; acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase FadA Rv3556c fadA6; acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase FadA K01895 ACSS; acetyl-CoA ... acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.9] K00632 fadA; acetyl-CoA acyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.16] K01782 fadJ; 3-hydroxyacyl- ... 3-ketoacid-CoA transferase subunit A Rv2503c scoB; succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase subunit B Rv1323 fadA4; acetyl-CoA ...

http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?mtu00001+Rv0131c

DR GO; GO:0003988; F:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-EC. DR GO; GO:0006631; P:fatty acid metabolic process ... DR CDD; cd00751; thiolase; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.40.47.10; -; 1. DR InterPro; IPR012806; Ac-CoA_C-AcTrfase_FadI. DR InterPro; ... KW Acyltransferase {ECO:0000256,RuleBase:RU003557, KW ECO:0000313,EMBL:ABC80183.1}; KW Complete proteome {ECO:0000313,Proteomes ... DE SubName: Full=3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase {ECO:0000313,EMBL:ABC80183.1}; DE EC=2.3.1.16 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:ABC80183.1}; GN ...

http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/cgi-bin/acnuc-search-ac?query=ABC80183&db=SWISSPROT&ident=ACNUC7421

Incorporation of these precursors in the form of acetyl-CoA to synthesize malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) initiates ... glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acyl-CoA: lysophosphatidic acyltransferase (LPAAT), and acyl-CoA: DGAT. These TAG ... which codes for the enzyme that carboxylates acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first committed step in FA synthesis (Dunahay et al ... 2013). Overexpression of acetyl-CoA synthetase increased the biomass and fatty acid proportion in microalga Schizochytrium. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00382/full

Fragaria vesca alcohol acyltransferase (AAN07090); RhGAAT, Rosa hybrida acetyl CoA geraniol/citronellol acetyltransferase ( ... Dudareva, N., DAuria, J. C., Nam, K. H., Raguso, R. A., and Pichersky, E. (1998). Acetyl-CoA:benzylalcohol acetyltransferase ... hybrida acetyl CoA geraniol/citronellol acetyltransferase (RhGAAT1) (Shalit et al., 2003). Out of 8 AATs mined, CfAAT1, CfAAT2 ... These results are consistent with previous reports of correlation of expression of acetyl-CoA:benzylalcohol acetyltransferase ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2016.01129/full

Acetyl-CoA. 72-89-9. C23H38N7O17P3S. 809.571. 809.125773051. Not Available. ... Acrylyl-CoA. 5776-58-9. C24H38N7O17P3S. 821.58. 821.12577496. Not Available. ... HMDBP01577 (1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma) Metabolite Associations. Displaying metabolite protein links ...

https://hmdb.ca/proteins/HMDBP01577/metabolite_protein_links?c=moldb_average_mass&d=up

Acetyl-coa C-acyltransferase. Enzyme that catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which ACETYL COA is released and ... 3-hydroxyacyl Coa Dehydrogenases. Enzymes that reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a 3-hydroxyacyl CoA to 3-ketoacyl CoA in ... Acyl-coa Dehydrogenase, Long-chain. A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for long-chain fatty acids. It forms a ... the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/2069128/CPT1a-Dependent-Long-Chain-Fatty-Acid-Oxidation-Contributes-to-Maintaining-Glucagon-Secretion.html

Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase / antagonists & inhibitors* * Animals * Endothelium, Vascular / enzymology * Endothelium, Vascular ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18690865/

... that is derived from 2-hydroxyisobutyrate and 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA. Histone Khib has been shown to be associated with active ... Competition assay of Tip60s acyltransferase activity towards Acetyl-CoA and 2-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA. (PDF 242 kb) ... and 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (right). Structures of acetyl-CoA-bound Esa1p (PDB: 5J9W) and 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA (from PDB: ... the manner in which 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA can bind to Esa1p is similar to that seen for the acetyl-CoA/Esa1p complex and ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/cr2017149?error=cookies_not_supported&code=8c7546d0-f7d5-4f9f-a2d0-39295a35dee9

24630 acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase SLG_21370 acetyl-CoA acyltransferase SLG_24730 acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase SLG_31440 acetyl ... acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.9] K00626 E2.3.1.9; acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.9] K00626 E2.3.1.9; ... acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.9] K00626 E2.3.1.9; acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.9] K11103 dctA; aerobic ... citryl-CoA lyase [EC:4.1.3.34] K01644 citE; citrate lyase subunit beta / citryl-CoA lyase [EC:4.1.3.34] K00990 glnD; [protein- ...

http://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?ssy00001+SLG_28000

Acetyl Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 antibody. *Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase antibody. *Acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 ( ... Acetyl CoA acyltransferase 1 antibody. * ... 3 ketoacyl CoA thiolase peroxisomal antibody. *3-ketoacyl-CoA ...

https://www.abcam.com/acaa1beta-ketothiolase-antibody-ab224235.html

The beta subunit has acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase (EC:2.3.1.16) activity. ... Subunit activities include: enoyl-CoA hydratase (EC:4.2.1.17) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC:1.1.1.35). Some ... GO:0003857 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity GO:0004300 enoyl-CoA hydratase activity ... Enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase (IPR001753) *Fatty acid oxidation complex, alpha subunit, mitochondrial (IPR012803) ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR012803

Study Set 16 Enzymes and Hormones flashcards from Languages 247365

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/set-16-enzymes-and-hormones-5314056/packs/7935138

EC 1.1.1.35/3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases; EC 2.3.1.16/Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase; EC 4.2.1.17/Enoyl-CoA Hydratase; EC 5.1 ... 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases / antagonists & inhibitors. Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase / antagonists & inhibitors. Animals. ... and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) mRNA levels. By contrast, no significant changes were ... Enoyl-CoA Hydratase / antagonists & inhibitors. Fatty Liver / blood, metabolism, prevention & control*. Liver / drug effects, ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Supplementation-with-alpha-linolenic-acid/15863369.html

DENNIS BIER: What about acetate or acetyl-CoA?. HOWARD TOWLE: Acetate does not have an effect on the hepatocytes in terms of ... such as glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase. In all cases, the induction in enzyme production is due to increased mRNA levels ... The rate-limiting enzymes for cholesterol biosynthesis in the cells are HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA reductase. These enzymes ... Efforts to understand the transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding LDL receptor, HMG-CoA synthase, and HMG-CoA ...

https://www.nap.edu/read/5827/chapter/26

Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1. Predicted locationi. All transcripts of all genes have been analyzed regarding the location(s) of ...

http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000060971-ACAA1/blood

On the other hand, three genes (Actin β, Lipoprotein lipase, and Acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1a) and 5 gene isoforms ( ... Bell DR, Elcombe CR: Induction of Acyl-Coa oxidase and Cytochrome-P450iva1 Rna in rat primary hepatocyte culture by peroxisome ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-12-524

2360 acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase; PFAM: FT Thiolase-like; PRIAM: Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase; SPTR: FT Acetyl-CoA C- ... "acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase" FT /EC_number="2.3.1.16" FT /note="COGs: COG0183 Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; InterPro FT ... acetyl-CoA FT acetyltransferase; PFAM: Thiolase, C-terminal domain; FT Thiolase, N-terminal domain; TIGRFAM: acetyl-CoA FT ...

http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/cgi-bin/acnuc-search-pe?query=CP002344.PE389&db=EMBL&ident=ACNUC30630

The mRNA expression of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) was increased in diabetic hearts. (thefreedictionary.com)
The 3 enzymes involved are long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (LCEH), long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD), and long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (LCTH). (thefreedictionary.com)
The long-chain forms of hydratase, LCHAD, and the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase exist as a multienzyme complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that is called the mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTFP) (3, 4). (thefreedictionary.com)
LCHAD activity resides in a membrane-bound multienzyme complex that also contains long-chain 3-enoyl-CoA hydratase and longchain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activities (trifunctional protein) [10,11]. (thefreedictionary.com)
3-Ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, mitochondrial also known as acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACAA2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The mitochondrial membrane-bound heterocomplex is composed of four alpha and four beta subunits, with the beta subunit catalyzing the 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase activity. (thermofisher.com)
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial, also known as acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase , is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACAT1 (Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1) gene . (wikidoc.org)
Additionally, this enzyme is able to use 2-methyl-branched acetoacetyl-CoA as a substrate, making it a unique thiolase . (wikidoc.org)
[12] As mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase is involved in beta-oxidation, a deficiency in this enzyme is marked by an increased amount of cholesterol compounds. (wikidoc.org)

Yeast microsomes expressing EaDAcT possessed acetyl-CoA diacylglycerol acetyltransferase activity but lacked long-chain acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. (nih.gov)
Possesses both acyltransferase and acetyltransferase activities. (abcam.com)
Different transgenic camelina lines that had been genetically modified to produce MCFAs through the expression of MCFA-specific thioesterases and acyltransferases were retransformed with the Euonymus alatus gene for diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) that synthesises acetyl-TAGs. (unl.edu)

ACAA2 (Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Auf www.antikoerper-online.de finden Sie aktuell 58 Acetyl-CoA Acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2) Antikörper von 16 unterschiedlichen Herstellern. (antikoerper-online.de)
Antigen standard for acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein is a lysate prepared from HEK293T cells transiently transfected with a TrueORF gene-carrying pCMV plasmid and then lysed in RIPA Buffer. (creativebiomart.net)

Biotin-dependent enzymes, methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase are involved in the degradation of branched-chain amino acids. (schizepigenetics.com)
Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase in the branched-chain amino acid pathway are very closely associated with enzymes that are also involved in beta-oxidation. (schizepigenetics.com)
Bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis necessitates a three-carbon precursor, malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), which is derived from acetyl-CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (asm.org)
Propionic aciduria is caused by an autosomal recessive disorder of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase deficiency (EC 6.4.1.3). (hmdb.ca)
The companies will conduct both non-clinical and Phase 1 clinical studies of Pfizer s investigational therapies, including an Acetyl CoA-Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitor (PF-05221304, currently in Phase 2), a Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) Inhibitor (PF-06865571, Phase 1) and a Ketohexokinase (KHK) Inhibitor (PF-06835919, Phase 2), together with Novartis s tropifexor, a non-bile acid, Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist. (webwire.com)
Novartis announced today that it has entered into a clinical development agreement with Pfizer which will include a study combining tropifexor and one or more Pfizer compounds for the treatment of NASH, including an Acetyl CoA-Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitor (PF-05221304, a Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) Inhibitor (PF-06865571, and a Ketohexokinase (KHK) Inhibitor (PF-06835919). (news-medical.net)

Enoyl-CoA hydratase is involved in both the degradation of branched-chain amino acids and beta-oxidation. (schizepigenetics.com)
Subunit activities include: enoyl-CoA hydratase ( EC:4.2.1.17 ) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase ( EC:1.1.1.35 ). (ebi.ac.uk)

Finally, we propose a testable model of β-cell "glucolipotoxicity" that implicates malonyl-CoA, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and -γ, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c, and altered lipid partitioning. (diabetesjournals.org)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] C-acyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Tolcapone-reduced mRNA and protein expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) and protein expression of ACSL5, whereas entacapone did not affect ACSL expression. (deepdyve.com)
A DNA fragment containing the Pseudomonas aeruginosa fabD (encoding malonyl-coenzyme A [CoA]:acyl carrier protein [ACP] transacylase), fabG (encoding β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase), acpP (encoding ACP), and fabF (encoding β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II) genes was cloned and sequenced. (asm.org)
The malonyl-CoA is transferred to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) by malonyl-CoA:ACP acyltransferase (FabD). (asm.org)
Title: Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) Specifically Interacts with Phospholipid Transfer Protein StarD10 to Facilitate Surfactant Phospholipid Trafficking in Alveolar Type II Cells. (genscript.com)
Acetyl CoA is a vital building block for the endogenous biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol and is involved in isoprenoid-based protein modifications. (aacrjournals.org)

ACAA1 enzyme is localized to the peroxisome and catalyzes the conversion of acyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA to 3-oxoacyl-CoA in the fatty acid oxidation pathway. (p212121.com)

The beta subunit has acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase ( EC:2.3.1.16 ) activity. (ebi.ac.uk)

COMT inhibitors, HepaRG cells, fatty acid metabolism, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, VLDL secretion Tolcapone and entacapone are catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors used for the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease. (deepdyve.com)

The C16 acyl-CoA product acts as a substrate for the synthesis of meromycolic acid by FAS-II, whereas the C26 fatty acid constitutes the alpha branch of the final mycolic acid. (wikipedia.org)
The catalytic activity and substrate specificity of mtFabH has been measured then further probed using crystallographic and directed mutagenesis methods Structures have been determined of ecFabH bound with substrates, (CoA, malonyl CoA, degraded CoA). (wikipedia.org)
see EC 2.3.1.186 , pseudotropine acyltransferase) is not a substrate [3]. (enzyme-database.org)
which obtain their substrate from acyl-CoA and the transacylation of the sn -2 position of phosphatidylcholine (PC), respectively. (plantphysiol.org)
Thus, when substrate flux in the muscle is high, acetyl-CoA concentrations increase, leading to inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and thereby reducing glucose oxidation. (clinicaltrials.gov)

this was accompanied by the up-regulation of beta-oxidation activity, and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) mRNA levels. (biomedsearch.com)
For the human acetyl-coA cholesterol acyltransferase messenger RNA, see ACAT1 mRNA . (wikidoc.org)

an enzyme catalyzing the thioclastic cleavage by coenzyme A of β-ketoacyl-CoA, forming an acyl-CoA with a carbon chain shorter by two atoms, the missing two atoms appearing as acetyl-CoA. (thefreedictionary.com)
The activities of monocyte lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase and coenzyme A-independent transa. (biomedsearch.com)
Acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 is an acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase enzyme. (wikipedia.org)

Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) is an intracellular membrane-bound enzyme that uses cholesterol and long chain fatty acyl-CoA as substrates to produce cholesteryl esters. (nih.gov)
Abstract Acetyl-LDL stimulates acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) much more effectively than LDL in mouse peritoneal macrophages. (ahajournals.org)

The first and rate-limiting step in this pathway is the formation of mevalonate by the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). (aacrjournals.org)

Although there is substantial structural homology among all bacterial FabH enzymes determined thus far, with two channels for binding of acyl-CoA and malonyl-ACP substrates and a conserved catalytic triad (C122, H258, N289 in mtFabH), mtFabH contains residues along the acyl-CoA binding channel that preferentially select for longer-chain substrates peaking with lauroyl-CoA (C12). (wikipedia.org)
First, it is activated by potassium ions binding near the CoA binding site and the catalytic site. (wikidoc.org)

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acyl-CoA and 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, whereas its two products are CoA and 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol. (morebooks.de)
Acts on a wide range of aliphatic acyl-CoA derivatives, with tigloyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA being the best substrates. (enzyme-database.org)
To improve utilization of such substrates, we expressed three castor acyltransferase enzymes that incorporate HFA at each stereochemical position during TAG synthesis. (plantphysiol.org)

Remarkably, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate is a precursor for the synthesis of 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA and moreover, lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (K hib ), a new type of histone PTM 15 . (nature.com)
A detailed characterization of the CoA-related pathways was done and all genes for fatty acid, sterol and carotenoid synthesis have been assigned. (biomedcentral.com)
At2g23000 encodes sinapoyl-Glc:anthocyanin acyltransferase, an enzyme that is required for the synthesis of the sinapoylated anthocyanins in Arabidopsis. (plantphysiol.org)
It is these reactions that make acyltransferase enzymes worthy candidates for manipulating the synthesis of oil containing unusual FA. (plantphysiol.org)
Analysis of the composition of the acetyl-TAG molecular species using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry demonstrated the successful synthesis of acetyl-TAG containing MCFAs. (unl.edu)
Limitations of the n -3 LC-PUFA synthesis by enzymes such as thioesterases, elongases, acyl-CoA synthetases and acyltransferases are discussed and metabolic bottlenecks are hypothesized such as the supply of the acetyl-CoA and NADPH. (mdpi.com)
ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that converts mitochondria-derived citrate into acetyl CoA ( 11 ), which is a precursor for both fatty acid and mevalonate synthesis pathways. (aacrjournals.org)

Propionyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of propanoate. (hmdb.ca)

Acetyl CoA is also required for acetylation reactions that modify proteins, such as histone acetylation. (aacrjournals.org)

The ATAT (COG1835 or Acyltransferase-3) family includes several proteins implicated in both transport of acyl-CoA derivatives and acyl transfer ( Moynihan and Clarke, 2010 ). (tcdb.org)
The fact that two of the least related proteins within this clade are acyltransferases rather than true serine carboxypeptidases suggests that some or all of the remaining members of this group may have similar activities. (plantphysiol.org)

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 protects against cytotoxicity induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. (genscript.com)
Title: AAV-mediated lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (Lpcat1) gene replacement therapy rescues retinal degeneration in rd11 mice. (genscript.com)

Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. (uniprot.org)

Sequential acylation of the three stereochemical positions of glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) occurs by acyltransferase enzymes. (plantphysiol.org)

No cofactors are required as 1- O- trans- cinnamoyl-β- D -glucopyranose itself is an "energy-rich" (activated) acyl-donor, comparable to CoA-thioesters. (qmul.ac.uk)
In PKS assembly lines, the monomers are acyl-CoA thioesters (acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA), derived from the pool of primary metabolites in microbial producer cells. (mdpi.com)

Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family. (abcam.com)

In an in vitro system, purified ACP functioned as acyl acceptor and H 6 -FabD exhibited malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase activity. (asm.org)

Acyl-CoA + 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol rightleftharpoons CoA + 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerol. (morebooks.de)

GO annotations related to this gene include poly(A) RNA binding and acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase activity . (genecards.org)
The HXXXXD motif is essential for acyltransferase activity and may constitute the binding site for the phosphate moiety of the glycerol-3-phosphocholine. (abcam.com)

ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl CoA from citrate. (aacrjournals.org)

The mitochondrial acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate (OAA) in a condensation reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase and results in generation of citrate that enters the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle ( 16 ). (aacrjournals.org)

This gene encodes a mitochondrially localized enzyme that catalyzes the reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA . (wikidoc.org)

These results indicate that a substantial portion of acetyl-LDL enters macrophages through a pathway that initially differs from that of LDL. (ahajournals.org)
This pathway involves a prolonged retention of acetyl-LDL on the plasma membrane. (ahajournals.org)
Expression of a complete acyltransferase pathway to efficiently process HFA establishes a benchmark in the quest to successfully produce modified oils in plants. (plantphysiol.org)

Anatomy18

Organisms19

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs158

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes38

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Comparison of the stability and substrate specificity of purified peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolases A and B from rat liver. (1/166)

Expression and intracellular processing of the 58 kDa sterol carrier protein-2/3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase in transfected mouse L-cell fibroblasts. (2/166)

Oxidation of medium-chain acyl-CoA esters by extracts of Aspergillus niger: enzymology and characterization of intermediates by HPLC. (3/166)

Identification and characterization of an intracellular protein complex that binds fibroblast growth factor-2 in bovine brain. (4/166)

Type-II 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is located in peroxisomes, highly expressed during larval stages and induced by clofibrate. (5/166)

Biochemical and genetic analyses of ferulic acid catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. Strain HR199. (6/166)

Peroxisome degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is dependent on machinery of macroautophagy and the Cvt pathway. (7/166)

Anaerobic toluene catabolism of Thauera aromatica: the bbs operon codes for enzymes of beta oxidation of the intermediate benzylsuccinate. (8/166)

Acetyl Coenzyme A

Acyltransferases

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase

Coenzyme A

Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase

Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase

Sterol O-Acyltransferase

Lecithin Acyltransferase Deficiency

1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase

Pyruvate Carboxylase

Acyl Coenzyme A

Acetates

Acetate-CoA Ligase

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase

Ligases

Biotin

Fatty Acids

Malonyl Coenzyme A

1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase

Acetylcarnitine

Liver

Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase

Acetyltransferases

Magnesium Compounds

Esterification

Acylation

Kinetics

Cholesterol Esters

Lipid Metabolism

Fatty Acid Synthases

Caprylates

Rhizobium etli

Cholesterol

Palmitoyl Coenzyme A

Mevalonic Acid

Glycerophosphates

Coenzyme A Ligases

Lipids

Microsomes

Apolipoprotein A-I

Substrate Specificity

Carbon Isotopes

Triglycerides

Mitochondria, Liver

Citrates

Retinol O-Fatty-Acyltransferase

Acetylation

Multienzyme Complexes

Acetylesterase

Phosphatidylcholines

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases

Phospholipids

Esters

Carbon Radioisotopes

Carnitine Acyltransferases

Molecular Sequence Data

Escherichia coli

Penicillium chrysogenum

Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases

Organosilicon Compounds

Rats, Inbred Strains

Lipoproteins, HDL

Citric Acid Cycle

Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate

Microsomes, Liver

Adipose Tissue

Amino Acid Sequence

Glucose

Cytosol

Lysophosphatidylcholines

Waxes

Organophosphates

Oxidation-Reduction

Lipoproteins

Dietary Fats

RNA, Messenger

Hypolipoproteinemias

Catalysis

Adenosine Triphosphate