Acetyl Coenzyme A
Acetyltransferases
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
Histone Acetyltransferases
Choline O-Acetyltransferase
Pyruvate Carboxylase
Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.
Acetate-CoA Ligase
Acetates
ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase
Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase
Ligases
Biotin
p300-CBP Transcription Factors
A family of histone acetyltransferases that is structurally-related to CREB-BINDING PROTEIN and to E1A-ASSOCIATED P300 PROTEIN. They function as transcriptional coactivators by bridging between DNA-binding TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and the basal transcription machinery. They also modify transcription factors and CHROMATIN through ACETYLATION.
Acetylcarnitine
Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Serine O-Acetyltransferase
N-Terminal Acetyltransferase A
An N-terminal acetyltransferase subtype that consists of the Naa10p catalytic subunit and the Naa15p auxiliary subunit. The structure of this enzyme is conserved between lower and higher eukaryotes. It has specificity for N-terminal SERINE; ALANINE; THREONINE; GLYCINE; VALINE; and CYSTINE residues and acts on nascent peptide chains after the removal of the initiator METHIONINE by METHIONYL AMINOPEPTIDASES.
N-Terminal Acetyltransferase E
Malonyl Coenzyme A
Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase
Liver
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Fatty Acid Synthases
Base Sequence
Transcription, Genetic
Fatty Acids
Carbon Isotopes
Amino Acid Sequence
Histones
Caprylates
Acetylesterase
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
Intracellular signaling protein kinases that play a signaling role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. Their activity largely depends upon the concentration of cellular AMP which is increased under conditions of low energy or metabolic stress. AMP-activated protein kinases modify enzymes involved in LIPID METABOLISM, which in turn provide substrates needed to convert AMP into ATP.
Phosphate Acetyltransferase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
A multienzyme complex responsible for the formation of ACETYL COENZYME A from pyruvate. The enzyme components are PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE); dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase; and LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is subject to three types of control: inhibited by acetyl-CoA and NADH; influenced by the energy state of the cell; and inhibited when a specific serine residue in the pyruvate decarboxylase is phosphorylated by ATP. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE)-PHOSPHATASE catalyzes reactivation of the complex. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)
Multienzyme Complexes
Lipid Metabolism
Acyl Coenzyme A
Plasmids
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
CREB-Binding Protein
Citric Acid Cycle
Transfection
Cloning, Molecular
N-Terminal Acetyltransferases
Transcription Factors
E1A-Associated p300 Protein
Glucose
Acyltransferases
Organophosphates
Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.
Gene Expression Regulation
Cytosol
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
Spermine
A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
Catalysis
N-Terminal Acetyltransferase B
An N-terminal acetyltransferase subtype that consists of the Naa20p catalytic subunit and the Naa25p auxiliary subunit. The structure of this enzyme is conserved between YEASTS and HUMAN. It has specificity for the N-terminal METHIONINE of peptides where the next amino acid in the chain is either ASPARTATE; GLUTAMATE; ASPARAGINE; OR GLUTAMINE.
Substrate Specificity
Binding Sites
Nuclear Proteins
Carbon Radioisotopes
Adenosine Triphosphate
Carnitine
Rats, Inbred Strains
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins
Spermidine
Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Mutation
Adipose Tissue
Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.
Transcriptional Activation
DNA-Binding Proteins
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Coenzyme A-Transferases
Protein Binding
Dietary Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)
Enzyme Activation
Restriction Mapping
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Trans-Activators
Cysteine Synthase
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Chromatin
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Acetylcholinesterase
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Phosphorylation
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Glucosamine 6-Phosphate N-Acetyltransferase
Platelet Activating Factor
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases
Amino-Acid N-Acetyltransferase
HeLa Cells
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Acetate Kinase
Genes, Reporter
Cells, Cultured
Histone Deacetylases
Deacetylases that remove N-acetyl groups from amino side chains of the amino acids of HISTONES. The enzyme family can be divided into at least three structurally-defined subclasses. Class I and class II deacetylases utilize a zinc-dependent mechanism. The sirtuin histone deacetylases belong to class III and are NAD-dependent enzymes.
Energy Metabolism
Anacardic Acids
Chloramphenicol Resistance
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Dietary Fats
Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from ACETYL-COA to arylamines. It can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without COENZYME A and has a wide specificity for aromatic amines, including SEROTONIN. However, arylamine N-acetyltransferase should not be confused with the enzyme ARYLALKYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE which is also referred to as SEROTONIN ACETYLTRANSFERASE.
Genes, Regulator
Genes
Phenylacetates
Derivatives of phenylacetic acid. Included under this heading are a variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the benzeneacetic acid structure. Note that this class of compounds should not be confused with derivatives of phenyl acetate, which contain the PHENOL ester of ACETIC ACID.
Gene Expression
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Muscle, Skeletal
Enzyme Induction
Choline
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Biogenic Polyamines
Nucleosomes
Acetylcholine
Cell Cycle Proteins
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
DNA Primers
Pantothenic Acid
Repressor Proteins
Substantia Innominata
Putrescine
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Blotting, Northern
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Models, Molecular
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A
Structure-Activity Relationship
Protein Biosynthesis
DNA, Complementary
Acetyl-CoA C-Acyltransferase
Ornithine Decarboxylase
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Genetic Complementation Test
Thioctic Acid
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Crystallography, X-Ray
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Gene Deletion
N-Terminal Acetyltransferase F
An N-terminal acetyltransferase subtype that consists of the Naa60p catalytic subunit. It is found in higher eukayotes and displays a substrate specificity for the N-terminal METHIONINE of peptides where the next amino acid in the chain is either LEUCINE; LYSINE; PHENYALANINE; ISOLEUCINE; or TRYPTOPHANE.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Pantetheine
Protein Kinases
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Sirtuins
A homologous family of regulatory enzymes that are structurally related to the protein silent mating type information regulator 2 (Sir2) found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sirtuins contain a central catalytic core region which binds NAD. Several of the sirtuins utilize NAD to deacetylate proteins such as HISTONES and are categorized as GROUP III HISTONE DEACETYLASES. Several other sirtuin members utilize NAD to transfer ADP-RIBOSE to proteins and are categorized as MONO ADP-RIBOSE TRANSFERASES, while a third group of sirtuins appears to have both deacetylase and ADP ribose transferase activities.
Carnitine Acyltransferases
Methylation
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Phenotype
Catalytic Domain
Hemicholinium 3
A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.
Isoenzymes
Propionates
Chemistry
Plumbaginaceae
Mice, Transgenic
Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine
Neurons
Carrier Proteins
Metabolic engineering of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates): from DNA to plastic. (1/222)
Poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) are a class of microbially produced polyesters that have potential applications as conventional plastics, specifically thermoplastic elastomers. A wealth of biological diversity in PHA formation exists, with at least 100 different PHA constituents and at least five different dedicated PHA biosynthetic pathways. This diversity, in combination with classical microbial physiology and modern molecular biology, has now opened up this area for genetic and metabolic engineering to develop optimal PHA-producing organisms. Commercial processes for PHA production were initially developed by W. R. Grace in the 1960s and later developed by Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., in the United Kingdom in the 1970s and 1980s. Since the early 1990s, Metabolix Inc. and Monsanto have been the driving forces behind the commercial exploitation of PHA polymers in the United States. The gram-negative bacterium Ralstonia eutropha, formerly known as Alcaligenes eutrophus, has generally been used as the production organism of choice, and intracellular accumulation of PHA of over 90% of the cell dry weight have been reported. The advent of molecular biological techniques and a developing environmental awareness initiated a renewed scientific interest in PHAs, and the biosynthetic machinery for PHA metabolism has been studied in great detail over the last two decades. Because the structure and monomeric composition of PHAs determine the applications for each type of polymer, a variety of polymers have been synthesized by cofeeding of various substrates or by metabolic engineering of the production organism. Classical microbiology and modern molecular bacterial physiology have been brought together to decipher the intricacies of PHA metabolism both for production purposes and for the unraveling of the natural role of PHAs. This review provides an overview of the different PHA biosynthetic systems and their genetic background, followed by a detailed summation of how this natural diversity is being used to develop commercially attractive, recombinant processes for the large-scale production of PHAs. (+info)Pregnenolone esterification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A potential detoxification mechanism. (2/222)
While studying the effect of steroids on the growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we found that pregnenolone was converted into the acetate ester. This reaction was identified as a transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the 3beta-hydroxyl group of pregnenolone. The corresponding enzyme, acetyl-CoA:pregnenolone acetyltransferase (APAT) is specific for Delta5- or Delta4-3beta-hydroxysteroids and short-chain acyl-CoAs. The apparent Km for pregnenolone is approximately 0.5 microm. The protein associated with APAT activity was partially purified and finally isolated from an SDS/polyacrylamide gel. Tryptic peptides were generated and N-terminally sequenced. Two peptide sequences allowed the identification of an open reading frame (YGR177c, in the S. cerevisiae genome database) translating into a 62-kDa protein of hitherto unknown function. This protein encoded by a gene known as ATF2 displays 37% identity with an alcohol acetyltransferase encoded by the yeast gene ATF1. Disruption of ATF2 led to the complete elimination of APAT activity and consequently abolished the esterification of pregnenolone. In addition, a toxic effect of pregnenolone linked to the disruption of ATF2 was observed. Pregnenolone toxicity is more pronounced when the atf2-Delta mutation is introduced in a yeast strain devoid of the ATP-binding cassette transporters, PDR5 and SNQ2. Our results suggest that Atf2p (APAT) plays an active role in the detoxification of 3beta-hydroxysteroids in association with the efflux pumps Pdr5p and Snq2p. (+info)A functional 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (3/222)
The bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 is able to use dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and several hydroxylated derivatives as sole sources of carbon and energy. We have determined and analyzed the nucleic acid sequence of a 9,997-bp HindIII fragment downstream of cistrons dxnA1A2, which encode the dioxygenase component of the initial dioxygenase system of the corresponding catabolic pathways. This fragment contains 10 colinear open reading frames (ORFs), apparently organized in one compact operon. The enzymatic activities of some proteins encoded by these genes were analyzed in the strain RW1 and, after hyperexpression, in Escherichia coli. The first three ORFs of the locus, designated dxnC, ORF2, and fdx3, specify a protein with a low homology to bacterial siderophore receptors, a polypeptide representing no significant homology to known proteins, and a putative ferredoxin, respectively. dxnD encodes a 69-kDa phenol monooxygenase-like protein with activity for the turnover of 4-hydroxysalicylate, and dxnE codes for a 37-kDa protein whose sequence and activity are similar to those of known maleylacetate reductases. The following gene, dxnF, encodes a 33-kDa intradiol dioxygenase which efficiently cleaves hydroxyquinol, yielding maleylacetate, the ketoform of 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate. The heteromeric protein encoded by dxnGH is a 3-oxoadipate succinyl coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA) transferase, whereas dxnI specifies a protein exhibiting marked homology to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases (thiolases). The last ORF of the sequenced fragment codes for a putative transposase. DxnD, DxnF, DxnE, DxnGH, and DxnI (the activities of most of them have also been detected in strain RW1) thus form a complete 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway. A route for the mineralization of the growth substrates 3-hydroxydibenzofuran and 2-hydroxydibenzo-p-dioxin in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 thus suggests itself. (+info)Origin of gene overlap: the case of TCP1 and ACAT2. (4/222)
The human acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 gene, ACAT2, codes for a thiolase, an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. The human T-complex protein 1 gene, TCP1, encodes a molecular chaperone of the chaperonin family. The two genes overlap by their 3'-untranslated regions, their coding sequences being located on opposite DNA strands in a tail-to-tail orientation. To find out how the overlap might have arisen in evolution, the homologous genes of the zebrafish, the African toad, caiman, platypus, opossum, and wallaby were identified. In each species, standard or long polymerase chain reactions were used to determine whether the ACAT2 and TCP1 homologs are closely linked and, if so, whether they overlap. The results reveal that the overlap apparently arose during the transition from therapsid reptiles to mammals and has been retained for >200 million years. Part of the overlapping untranslated region shows remarkable sequence conservation. The overlap presumably arose during the chromosomal rearrangement that brought the two unrelated and previously separated genes together. One or both of the transposed genes found by chance signals that are necessary for the processing of their transcripts to be present on the noncoding strand of the partner gene. (+info)Development and characterization of a gene expression reporter system for Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. (5/222)
A gene expression reporter system (pHT3) for Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 was developed by using the lacZ gene from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurogenes EM1 as the reporter gene. In order to test the reporter system, promoters of three key metabolic pathway genes, ptb (coding for phosphotransbutyrylase), thl (coding for thiolase), and adc (coding for acetoacetate decarboxylase), were cloned upstream of the reporter gene in pHT3 in order to construct vectors pHT4, pHT5, and pHTA, respectively. Detection of beta-galactosidase activity in time course studies performed with strains ATCC 824(pHT4), ATCC 824(pHT5), and ATCC 824(pHTA) demonstrated that the reporter gene produced a functional beta-galactosidase in C. acetobutylicum. In addition, time course studies revealed differences in the beta-galactosidase specific activity profiles of strains ATCC 824(pHT4), ATCC 824(pHT5), and ATCC 824(pHTA), suggesting that the reporter system developed in this study is able to effectively distinguish between different promoters. The stability of the beta-galactosidase produced by the reporter gene was also examined with strains ATCC 824(pHT4) and ATCC 824(pHT5) by using chloramphenicol treatment to inhibit protein synthesis. The data indicated that the beta-galactosidase produced by the lacZ gene from T. thermosulfurogenes EM1 was stable in the exponential phase of growth. In pH-controlled fermentations of ATCC 824(pHT4), the kinetics of beta-galactosidase formation from the ptb promoter and phosphotransbutyrylase formation from its own autologous promoter were found to be similar. (+info)A biosynthetic thiolase in complex with a reaction intermediate: the crystal structure provides new insights into the catalytic mechanism. (6/222)
BACKGROUND: Thiolases are ubiquitous and form a large family of dimeric or tetrameric enzymes with a conserved, five-layered alphabetaalphabetaalpha catalytic domain. Thiolases can function either degradatively, in the beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids, or biosynthetically. Biosynthetic thiolases catalyze the biological Claisen condensation of two molecules of acetyl-CoA to form acetoacetyl-CoA. This is one of the fundamental categories of carbon skeletal assembly patterns in biological systems and is the first step in a wide range of biosynthetic pathways, including those that generate cholesterol, steroid hormones, and various energy-storage molecules. RESULTS: The crystal structure of the tetrameric biosynthetic thiolase from Zoogloea ramigera has been determined at 2.0 A resolution. The structure contains a striking and novel 'cage-like' tetramerization motif, which allows for some hinge motion of the two tight dimers with respect to each other. The protein crystals were flash-frozen after a short soak with the enzyme's substrate, acetoacetyl-CoA. A reaction intermediate was thus trapped: the enzyme tetramer is acetylated at Cys89 and has a CoA molecule bound in each of its active-site pockets. CONCLUSIONS: The shape of the substrate-binding pocket reveals the basis for the short-chain substrate specificity of the enzyme. The active-site architecture, and in particular the position of the covalently attached acetyl group, allow a more detailed reaction mechanism to be proposed in which Cys378 is involved in both steps of the reaction. The structure also suggests an important role for the thioester oxygen atom of the acetylated enzyme in catalysis. (+info)Aberrant oxidation of the cholesterol side chain in bile acid synthesis of sterol carrier protein-2/sterol carrier protein-x knockout mice. (7/222)
Peroxisomal beta-oxidation plays an important role in the metabolism of a wide range of substrates, including various fatty acids and the steroid side chain in bile acid synthesis. Two distinct thiolases have been implicated to function in peroxisomal beta-oxidation: the long known 41-kDa beta-ketothiolase identified by Hashimoto and co-workers (Hijikata, M., Ishii, N., Kagamiyama, H., Osumi, T., and Hashimoto, T. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8151-8158) and the recently discovered 60-kDa SCPx thiolase, that consists of an N-terminal domain with beta-ketothiolase activity and a C-terminal moiety of sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP2, a lipid carrier or transfer protein). Recently, gene targeting of the SCP2/SCPx gene has shown in mice that the SCPx beta-ketothiolase is involved in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of 2-methyl-branched chain fatty acids like pristanic acid. In our present work we have investigated bile acid synthesis in the SCP2/SCPx knockout mice. Specific inhibition of beta-oxidation at the thiolytic cleavage step in bile acid synthesis is supported by our finding of pronounced accumulation in bile and serum from the knockout mice of 3alpha,7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-27-nor-5beta-cholestane-24-one (which is a known bile alcohol derivative of the cholic acid synthetic intermediate 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-24-keto-cholestano yl-coenzyme A). Moreover, these mice have elevated concentrations of bile acids with shortened side chains (i.e. 23-norcholic acid and 23-norchenodeoxycholic acid), which may be produced via alpha- rather than beta-oxidation. Our results demonstrate that the SCPx thiolase is critical for beta-oxidation of the steroid side chain in conversion of cholesterol into bile acids. (+info)Peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation disorders and 58 kDa sterol carrier protein X (SCPx). Activity measurements in liver and fibroblasts using a newly developed method. (8/222)
Sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) plays a crucial role in the peroxisomal oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. To investigate whether patients with an unresolved defect in peroxisomal beta-oxidation are deficient for SCPx, we developed a novel and specific assay to measure the activity of SCPx in both liver and fibroblast homogenates. The substrate used in the assay, 3alpha, 7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-24-keto-5beta-cholestanoy l-CoA (24-keto-THC-CoA), is produced by preincubating the enoyl-CoA of the bile acid intermediate THCA with a lysate from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing human D-bifunctional protein. After the preincubation period, liver or fibroblast homogenate is added plus CoASH, and the production of choloyl-CoA is determined by HPLC. The specificity of the assay was demonstrated by the finding of a full deficiency in fibroblasts from an SCPx knock-out mouse. In addition to SCPx activity measurements in fibroblasts from patients with a defect in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of unresolved etiology, we studied the stability and activity of SCPx in fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome, which lack functional peroxisomes. We found that SCPx is not only stable in the cytosol, but displays a higher activity in fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome than in control fibroblasts. Furthermore, in all patients studied with a defect in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of unknown origin, SCPx was found to be normally active, indicating that human SCPx deficiency remains to be identified. (+info)Genetic Evaluation of Peroxisomal and Cytosolic Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase Isozymes in n-Alkane-Assimilating Diploid Yeast,...
EMBL: CR382138.PE377
SAUSA300 0221 - AureoWiki
anti-ACAT1 antibody | GeneTex
Just Calling: The Christian Basis for a Career in Peacemaking | The Institute of World Politics
Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase | definition of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase by Medical dictionary
Beta ketothiolase deficiency
Beta ketothiolase deficiency | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program
Gene | ACAT1
phaA - Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase - Zoogloea ramigera - phaA gene & protein
Lirias: Isolation and subunit composition of native sterol carrier protein 2/3-oxoacyl-coenzyme a thiolase from normal rat...
Beta ketothiolase deficiency - CheckOrphan
Formate C-acetyltransferase - Wikipedia
UniProtKB/SwissProt variant VAR 007499
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase | definition of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase by Medical dictionary
Partial purification and characterization of 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase from rat...
PRIME PubMed | Identification of three novel frameshift mutations (83delAT, 754insCT, and 435 + 1G to A) of mitochondrial...
Increased expression of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 by J.-H Kim, S.-M Ee et al.
fadA - 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase - Escherichia coli O9:H4 (strain HS) - fadA gene & protein
The promiscuous enzyme medium-chain 3-keto-acyl-CoA thiolase triggers a vicious cycle in fatty-acid beta-oxidation - Research...
Das aktive Zentrum der Thiolase blockieren | EurekAlert! Science News
WikiGenes - SCP2 - sterol carrier protein 2
WikiGenes - scp2 - sterol carrier protein 2
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Acetoacetyl-CoA (HMDB0001484)
EMBL: CP000859.PE558
Yagyu Hiroaki | TRIOS
Expression and Automated Purification of Acetoacetyl CoA Thiolase from Sunflower Cotyledon<...
A case of 2-methylacetoacetyl CoA thiolase deficiency with coincidental chromosome abnormalities. | Journal of Medical Genetics
Search Results | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, peroxisomal (P27796) - Yeast Metabolome Database
Fatty acid recycling and degradation | LAMP
Complete β-oxidation of valproate: cleavage of 3-oxovalproyl-CoA by a mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase | Biochemical...
Role of the Sterol Carrier Protein-2 N-Terminal Membrane Binding Domain in Sterol Transfer
†
PRIME PubMed | Heregulin-beta is especially potent in activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in nontransformed human mammary...
acetoacetyl-CoA (CHEBI:15345)
Differential regulation of two thiolase genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792. -
Lancaster EPrints
SCP-1884 - SCP Foundation
What is Acetyl-CoA? (with picture)
Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC) - Fujitsu Netherlands
Addgene: pEB2-DsRed-Express
Mutation analysis of a family with 2-Methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]. - Semantic Scholar
Trimetazidine - A Drug A Day
BMRB Entry 25984
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata type 1: Report of mutations in 3 children from India<...
OriGene - HADHA (NM 000182) cDNA Clone
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata - Genetics Home Reference
Patent US5534432 - Polyhydroxybutyrate polymerase - Google Patents
Peroxisomal targeting signal - Wikipedia
SCP-827 - SCP Foundation
Glenmax PEB DM: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com
GCAT
... which then catalyzes the reaction between 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate and coenzyme A to form glycine and acetyl-CoA. The encoded ... Glycine C-acetyltransferase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GCAT gene. The degradation of L-threonine to glycine ... "Entrez Gene: Glycine C-acetyltransferase". Jacquot C, Lanco X, Carbonnelle D, Sevestre O, Tomasoni C, Briad G, Juget M, Roussis ...
Lac operon
lacA encodes β-galactoside transacetylase (LacA), an enzyme that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to thiogalactoside. ... Finally, lacA encodes Galactoside acetyltransferase. It would be wasteful to produce enzymes when no lactose is available or if ...
ACAT1
Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1) gene. Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 is an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase enzyme ... Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial, also known as acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by ... "Entrez Gene: acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1". Abdelkreem E, Harijan RK, Yamaguchi S, Wierenga RK, Fukao T (October 2019 ... a mitochondrially localized enzyme that catalyzes the reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA ...
SGSH
... acetyl CoA:alpha-glucosaminide acetyltransferase (type C; MIM 252930); and N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfatase (type D; MIM 252940 ...
Phenylacetyl-CoA
... inhibits choline acetyltransferase acting as a neurotoxin. It competes with acetyl-CoA. PubChem. "Phenylacetyl ... Phenylacetyl-CoA (C29H42N7O17P3S) is a form of acetyl-CoA formed from the condensation of the thiol group from coenzyme A with ... Phenylacetyl-CoA combines with water and quinone to produce phenylglyoxylyl-CoA and quinol via a phenylacetyl-CoA dehydrogenase ... ATP + phenylacetate + CoA → AMP + diphosphate + phenylacetyl-CoA This reaction is catalyzed by phenylacetate-CoA ligase. ...
Acetyl-CoA
Choline, in combination with acetyl-CoA, is catalyzed by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase to produce acetylcholine and ... It regulates through the ratio of acetyl-CoA versus CoA. Increased concentration of acetyl-CoA activates PDK. Acetyl-CoA is ... The cytosolic acetyl-CoA can also condense with acetoacetyl-CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) which is the ... Acetyl-CoA can be carboxylated in the cytosol by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, giving rise to malonyl-CoA, a substrate required for ...
Melatonin
... but is also converted into N-acetylserotonin by serotonin N-acetyltransferase with acetyl-CoA. Hydroxyindole O- ... which allows the lone pair on the amine to attack acetyl-CoA, forming a tetrahedral intermediate. The thiol from coenzyme A ... It has been proposed that histidine residue His122 of serotonin N-acetyl transferase is the catalytic residue that deprotonates ... Melatonin metabolites generated from redox reactions include cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine ...
Naa80
N-acetyltransferases modify proteins by transferring acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to the N-termini of protein substrates. The ... N-acetyltransferase 80 (also known as NAT6 or FUS2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NAA80 gene. It acetylates the ... "Entrez Gene: N-acetyltransferase 6 (GCN5-related)". Drazic A, Aksnes H, Marie M, Boczkowska M, Varland S, Timmerman E, et al. ( ... Naa80 is a member of the GNAT family of acetyltransferases. It has an overall fold similar to the other N-terminal ...
Acetate
... formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. acetyl-CoA + phosphate → acetyl- ... Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. This acetyl-CoA is then ... phosphate + CoA acetyl-phosphate + ADP → acetate + ATP Acetic acid can also undergo a dismutation reaction to produce methane ... It is mainly utilized by organisms in the form of acetyl coenzyme A. Intraperitoneal injection of sodium acetate (20 or 60 mg ...
Cholinergic neuron
Szutowicz A, Bielarczyk H, Jankowska-Kulawy A, Pawełczyk T, Ronowska A (August 2013). "Acetyl-CoA the key factor for survival ... The problem with this therapy is that choline acetyltransferase is largely blocked by the blood-brain barrier. PTD-ChAT is a ... It is normal in aging for circadian rhythms to deteriorate as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) fluctuations change in pattern ... Alzheimer's typically involves a decline in the activity of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase, as well as a ...
Mixed acid fermentation
Acetate formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. acetyl-CoA + phosphate → acetyl- ... NAD+ Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase. This acetyl-CoA is then ... pyruvate + CoA → acetyl-CoA + formate Succinate is formed in E. coli in several steps. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), a glycolysis ... This two-step reaction requires the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHE). acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ → acetaldehyde + NAD+ + CoA ...
Salutaridinol
"Acetyl coenzyme A: salutaridinol-7-O-acetyltransferase from Papaver somniferum plant cell cultures: The enzyme catalyzing the ... an esterification of the hydroxyl group previously reduced in the conversion of salutaridine to salutaridinol with acetyl-CoA. ... This step is mediated by the enzyme salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase. The second step is a ring closure achieved by a ... "Molecular characterization of the salutaridinol 7-O-acetyltransferase involved in morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy Papaver ...
Noscapine
The C13 alcohol is then acetylated by an acetyltransferase (AT1) using acetyl-CoA. Another cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP82X1) ... A methyltransferase heterodimer (OMT2:OMT3) catalyzes a SAM-mediated O-methylation on C4′. The O-acetyl group is then cleaved ...
Mycothiol synthase
... (EC 2.3.1.189, MshD) is an enzyme with systematic name acetyl-CoA:desacetylmycothiol O-acetyltransferase. ... This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction desacetylmycothiol + acetyl-CoA ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA ... encoding the acetyltransferase producing mycothiol in actinomycetes". Archives of Microbiology. 178 (5): 331-7. doi:10.1007/ ... from Mycobacterium tuberculosis shows structural homology to the GNAT family of N-acetyltransferases". Protein Science. 12 (9 ...
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
... lysine S-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include: acetyl-CoA:dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA: ... acetyl-CoA S-acetyltransferase, lipoate acetyltransferase, lipoate transacetylase, lipoic acetyltransferase, lipoic acid ... dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase) gene. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl) ... This involves the transformation of pyruvate from glycolysis into acetyl-CoA which is then used in the citric acid cycle to ...
Acetyl-CoA synthetase
In yeast, acetyl-CoA synthetase delivers acetyl-CoA to histone acetyltransferases for histone acetylation. Without correct ... Longrightarrow Acetyl-CoA} A c e t y l − C o A ⟹ F A s {\displaystyle Acetyl-CoA\Longrightarrow FAs} Acetyl-CoA from the ... CoA <=> AMP + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoA Once acetyl-CoA is formed it can be used in the TCA cycle in aerobic respiration to ... Acetyl Co-A can also be used in fatty acid synthesis, and a common function of the synthetase is to produce acetyl Co-A for ...
Histone acetylation and deacetylation
Glucose is converted to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which produces acetyl-CoA from glucose-derived ... The process is aided by factors known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs). HAT molecules facilitate the transfer of an acetyl ... Glucose availability affects the intracellular pool of acetyl-CoA, a central metabolic intermediate that is also the acetyl ... group from a molecule of acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) to the NH3+ group on lysine. When a lysine is to be deacetylated, ...
HGSNAT
... "acetyl-CoA:heparan-α-D-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase" and "acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase") is an ... acetyl-CoA + heparan sulfate α-D-glucosaminide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + heparan sulfate N-acetyl-α-D- ... Pohlmann R, Klein U, Fromme HG, von Figura K (1981). "Localisation of acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase in ... deficiency of acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase in skin fibroblasts". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75 (10): ...
Vinorine synthase
CoA + vinorine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and 16-epivellosimine, whereas its two products are CoA ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl-CoA:16-epivellosimine O-acetyltransferase (cyclizing). This enzyme ... In enzymology, a vinorine synthase (EC 2.3.1.160) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + 16- ...
Epigenetics in learning and memory
HATs acetylate by converting the lysine side group of amino acids with the addition of an acetyl group from an acetyl CoA ... Swank MW, Sweatt JD (May 2001). "Increased histone acetyltransferase and lysine acetyltransferase activity and biphasic ... Acetylation involves the replacement of a hydrogen with an acetyl group. In a biological context, acetylation is most often ... The acetylation reaction is most often catalyzed by enzymes that contain histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. HATs are ...
Biosynthesis
... the enzyme serine acetyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl-CoA onto L-serine to yield O-acetyl-L- ... The following reaction step, catalyzed by the enzyme O-acetyl serine (thiol) lyase, replaces the acetyl group of O-acetyl-L- ... glutamate is acetylated by transferring the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA at the N-α position; this prevents spontaneous ... The acetyl group of acetylornithine is removed by the enzyme acetylornithinase (AO) or ornithine acetyltransferase (OAT), and ...
ELP4
... of transcription as well as its assistance of RNA polymerase II in transcription elongation through chromatin and acetyl-CoA ... This gene encodes a component of the six subunit elongator complex, a histone acetyltransferase complex that associates ... Furthermore, Elp4 is needed for histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity which makes DNA more accessible for transcription. The ... "Elongator is a histone H3 and H4 acetyltransferase important for normal histone acetylation levels in vivo". Proc. Natl. Acad. ...
KAT8
All members of this family contain a MYST region of about 240 amino acids with a canonical acetyl-CoA-binding site and a C2HC- ... K(lysine) acetyltransferase 8 (KAT8) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KAT8 gene. The MYST family of histone ... Neal KC, Pannuti A, Smith ER, Lucchesi JC (Jan 2000). "A new human member of the MYST family of histone acetyl transferases ... Taipale M, Rea S, Richter K, Vilar A, Lichter P, Imhof A, Akhtar A (Aug 2005). "hMOF histone acetyltransferase is required for ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... producing acetyl-CoA. This irreversible reaction traps the acetyl-CoA within the mitochondria (the acetyl-CoA can only be ... The E2 subunit, or dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase, for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is generally composed of three domains ... is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetyl-CoA ... Finally, the C-terminal (catalytic) domain catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups and acetyl-CoA synthesis. The E3 subunit, ...
Malate synthase
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:glyoxylate C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, carboxymethyl- ... CoA The 3 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, H2O, and glyoxylate, whereas its two products are (S)-malate and CoA. This ... it is thought to convert citramalyl-CoA into pyruvate and acetyl-CoA. Without this conversion, itaconyl-CoA, a precursor to ... Upon binding, the acetyl-CoA molecule forms a J-shape inserted into the binding pocket, by an intramolecular hydrogen bond ...
BAHD acyltransferase
Acetyl-CoA:benzylalcohol acetyltransferase - an enzyme involved in floral scent production in Clarkia breweri. Plant J 14: 297- ... They are CoA-dependent enzymes that transfer acylated moieties (RC(O)R') of an acyl-activated CoA thioester donor to an ... B: Benzyl alcohol O-acetyltransferase (BEAT), an acetyltransferase from the California wild flower Clarkia breweri, also known ... These are benzoyl-CoA:benzyl alcohol O-benzoyltransferase (PtBEBT) that produces benzyl benzoate from benzoyl-CoA and benzyl ...
Alkylacetylglycerophosphatase
Biochemical characterization of 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase in rat spleen". J. Biol. Chem. 261 ( ... Other names in common use include 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-P:acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, and alkylacetylglycerophosphate ... Lee TC, Malone B, Snyder F (1986). "A new de novo pathway for the formation of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerols, precursors of ... The enzyme alkylacetylglycerophosphatase (EC 3.1.3.59) catalyzes the reaction 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + H2O ...
Acecainide
N-Acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines and aromatic amines ... These studies claim that ABT is a more potent inhibitor of N-acetyltransferase 2 compared with N-acetyltransferase 1. Strong JM ... This reaction is known as an acetylation reaction, that refers to the process of introducing an acetyl group (resulting in an ... Procainamide is metabolized in the liver to acecainide by N-acetyltransferase, an enzyme that is genetically determined. ...
DTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose acyltransferase
... is an enzyme with systematic name acetyl-CoA:dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactose N-acetyltransferase. This enzyme ... catalyses the following chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + dTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactose ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ... DTDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.210, TDP-fucosamine acetyltransferase, WECD, RFFC) ... rightleftharpoons } CoA + dTDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactose TDP-4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose takes part in ...
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:acetoacetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (thioester-hydrolysing, ... acetyl-CoA + H2O + acetoacetyl-CoA ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA The 3 ... This results in shunting of excess acetyl-CoA into the ketone synthesis pathway via HMG-CoA, leading to the development of ... 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA acetoacetyl-CoA-lyase, (CoA-acetylating), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthetase, 3-hydroxy-3 ...
Zhimin Lu
He also demonstrated that generation of acetyl-CoA at the gene promoter regions by nuclear acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) ... which known as a histone acetyltransferase. KAT2A gains a new function and acts as a histone H3 succinyltransferase to regulate ... gene expression by locally catalyzing succinyl-CoA generated by α-KGDH. ...
Serine O-acetyltransferase
CoA + O-acetyl-L-serine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and L-serine, whereas its two products are CoA ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:L-serine O-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include SATase, ... In enzymology, a serine O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.30) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + L- ... More specifically, its role is to catalyse the activation of L-serine by acetyl-CoA.This entry refers to the N-terminus of the ...
Polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include ... CoA + polysialic acid acetylated on O-7 or O-9 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and alpha-2,8-linked ... In enzymology, a polysialic-acid O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.136) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl- ... Higa HH, Varki A (1988). "Acetyl-coenzyme A:polysialic acid O-acetyltransferase from K1-positive Escherichia coli. The enzyme ...
Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid
Because oxaloacetate is crucial for entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, the rapid production of acetyl-CoA from fatty acid ... 3-Hydroxyisovaleryl CoA is likely detoxified by carnitine acetyltransferase producing 3HIA-carnitine, which is transported ... This metabolic pathway is as follows: butyrate→butyryl-CoA→crotonyl-CoA→β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA→poly-β-hydroxybutyrate→D-β-(D-β- ... Metabolic impairment diverts methylcrotonyl CoA to 3-hydroxyisovaleryl CoA in a reaction catalyzed by enoyl-CoA hydratase (22, ...
ACAT2
... acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2) gene Acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2 is an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase enzyme. ... Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolic, also known as cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, is an enzyme that in humans is ... "Entrez Gene: acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2". Human ACAT2 genome location and ACAT2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome ... Ohta T, Takata K, Katsuren K, Fukuyama S (Jun 2004). "The influence of the acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1 gene (−77G→A ...
Ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase
CoA + ribosomal-protein N-acetyl-L-alanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and ribosomal-protein L- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:ribosomal-protein-L-alanine N-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also ... alanine, whereas its two products are CoA and ribosomal-protein N-acetyl-L-alanine. This enzyme belongs to the family of ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ribosomal-protein L-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons ...
Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:D-glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the primary amine in glucosamide-6-phosphate, ... The Acetyl-CoA bounded to the enzyme is shown in light pink, and the product still bound to the catalytic site is shown in ... The reaction proceeds with the restoration of the carbonyl by removing the CoA as a leaving group, such that now the acetyl ...
N-acetyltransferase
... (NAT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines, ... In reaction one acetyl-CoA initially binds to the enzyme and acetylates Cys68. In reaction two, after acetyl-CoA is released, ... and can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without CoA. N-acetyltransferases are cytosolic enzymes found in the ... The C-terminus helps bind acetyl CoA and differs among NATs including prokaryotic homologues. NAT1 and NAT2 have different but ...
Monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase
In enzymology, a monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.69) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:monoterpenol O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called menthol ... the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and monoterpenol, whereas its two products are CoA and monoterpenol acetate ... a monoterpenol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + a monoterpenol acetate ester Thus, ...
N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase
8-O-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- or 8-O-acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-7- and/or 8-O ... acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate-9(7)-O-acetyltransferase, N-acetylneuraminate O7-(or O9-)acetyltransferase, and acetyl-CoA:N- ... CoA + N-acetyl-7-O(or 9-O)-acetylneuraminate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and N-acetylneuraminate, ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate 7-O(or 9-O)-acetyltransferase. Other names in common ...
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase
4-aminobiphenyl N-acetyltransferase, acetyl CoA-arylamine N-acetyltransferase, 2-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase, arylamine ... In enzymology, an arylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + an ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:arylamine N-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include ... N-acetyltransferase, p-aminosalicylate N-acetyltransferase, serotonin acetyltransferase, and serotonin N-acetyltransferase. As ...
Glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and alpha-D-glucosamine 1 ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:alpha-D-glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase. This enzyme ... whereas its two products are CoA and N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ...
N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10
... complex that specifically catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the N-terminal primary amino group of ... a central acetyl CoA-binding region, and C-terminal segments that are similar to the corresponding regions in Naa50, another Nα ... acetyltransferases and point to hNaa10p as the post-translational actin N(alpha)-acetyltransferase". Molecular & Cellular ... Xu H, Jiang B, Meng L, Ren T, Zeng Y, Wu J, Qu L, Shou C (June 2012). "N-α-acetyltransferase 10 protein inhibits apoptosis ...
D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase
Other names in common use include D-tryptophan acetyltransferase, and acetyl-CoA-D-tryptophan-alpha-N-acetyltransferase. Zenk ... N-acetyl-D-tryptophan Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and D-tryptophan, whereas its two products are CoA ... In enzymology, a D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.34) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase. ...
UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine N-acetyltransferase
6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine N-acetyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + ... 6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.202, PseH) is an enzyme with systematic name acetyl-CoA:UDP ... UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + UDP-2,4-bis(acetamido)-2,4,6- ... UDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-N-acetyl-beta-L-altrosamine+N-acetyltransferase+ at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ...
Acetylcholinesterase
... by the pre-synaptic neuron and ACh is synthesized by combining with acetyl-CoA through the action of choline acetyltransferase ...
Histone acetyltransferase
... acetyl-CoA and histone) must bind to form a ternary complex with the enzyme before catalysis can occur. Acetyl-CoA binds first ... The basic mechanism catalyzed by HATs involves the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the ε-amino group of a target ... are enzymes that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to ... There is a seven-stranded β-sheet that is surrounded by α-helices as well as a loop that is involved in acetyl-CoA substrate ...
N-acetylneuraminate 4-O-acetyltransferase
CoA + N-acetyl-4-O-acetylneuraminate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and N-acetylneuraminate, whereas ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:N-acetylneuraminate 4-O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called ... Substrate and intracellular localization of bovine acetyl-coenzyme A: N-acetylneuraminate-7- and 8-O-acetyltransferase]". Hoppe ... is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + N-acetylneuraminate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ...
List of enzymes
... acetyl-CoA synthase EC 6.2.1.39: (butirosin acyl-carrier protein)-L-glutamate ligase EC 6.2.1.40: 4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA ligase ... EC 2.3.1 Aminolevulinic acid synthase EC 2.3.1.37 Choline acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.6 Category:EC 2.3.2 Factor XIII EC 2.3. ... Glutarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.7: Cholate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.8: Oxalate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.9: Malate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.10: ... Acid-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) EC 6.2.1.11: Biotin-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.12: 4-coumarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.13: Acetate-CoA ...
10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase
The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:taxan-10beta-ol O-acetyltransferase. This enzyme is also called acetyl ... CoA + taxuyunnanin C Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA and 10-desacetyltaxuyunnanin C, whereas its two ... In enzymology, a 10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.163) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl- ... Menhard B, Zenk MH (1999). "Purification and characterization of acetyl coenzyme A: 10-hydroxytaxane O-acetyltransferase from ...
ETV6
... likewise binds to HTATIP, a histone acetyl transferase that regulates the expression of various genes involved in gene ... Nordentoft I, Jørgensen P (August 2003). "The acetyltransferase 60 kDa trans-acting regulatory protein of HIV type 1- ... a Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase); h) transporter gene ARNT (binds to ligand-bound aryl hydrocarbon receptor to aid in its ...
Acetyl group
In biological organisms, acetyl groups are commonly transferred from acetyl-CoA to other organic molecules. Acetyl-CoA is an ... For example, on the DNA level, histone acetylation by acetyltransferases (HATs) causes an expansion of chromatin architecture, ... Acetyl-CoA is also created during the second stage of cellular respiration, pyruvate decarboxylation, by the action of pyruvate ... The acetyl moiety is a component of many organic compounds, including acetic acid, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, acetyl- ...
Fumigaclavine B O-acetyltransferase
... (EC 2.3.1.205, FgaAT) is an enzyme with systematic name acetyl-CoA:fumigaclavine B O- ... This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + fumigaclavine B ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + ... Fumigaclavine+B+O-acetyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC ...
Transferase
... which converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. Transferases are also utilized during translation. In this case, an amino acid chain is ... Choline acetyltransferase (also known as ChAT or CAT) is an important enzyme which produces the neurotransmitter acetylcholine ... Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency (or SCOT deficiency) leads to a buildup of ketones.Ketones are created upon ... ChAT functions to transfer an acetyl group from acetyl co-enzyme A to choline in the synapses of nerve cells and exists in two ...
Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase - Wikipedia
CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetyl-CoA, and two products, CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA C ... acetyl coenzyme A thiolase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:N-acetyltransferase, and thiolase II. This enzyme ... In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 acetyl-CoA ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase. Other names in common use include ...
Acetyl-CoA: lyso-platelet-activating factor acetyltransferase activity in neutrophils from asthmatic and normal subjects -...
ACAT1 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript.. ... It converts a molecule called 2-methyl-acetoacetyl-CoA into two smaller molecules, propionyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA, that can be ... The enzyme converts a molecule called acetoacetyl-CoA into two molecules of acetyl-CoA, which can be used to produce energy. In ... Structure and expression of the human mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase-encoding gene. Gene. 1991 Dec 30;109(2):285-90. ...
Mucopolysaccharidoses Types I-VII: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA): alpha-glucosamide N -acetyltransferase. 2.3.1.3. MPS type III-D ... Furthermore, it suggests that this enzyme belongs to a new structural class of proteins that transport the activated acetyl ... 12q14 (Sanfilippo syndrome): The diagnosis requires a specific lysosomal enzyme assay for glucosamine (N -acetyl)-6-sulfatase ( ...
Metabolites | Free Full-Text | Modelling hCDKL5 Heterologous Expression in Bacteria
... succinyl-CoA. rxn00423. Cysteine and methionine metabolism. Serine O-acetyltransferase. Acetyl-CoA + l-serine ,= CoA + O-acetyl ... our FSEOF simulation identified the enzyme serine O-acetyltransferase (catalysing the formation of serine from CoA and O-acetyl ... Succinate-CoA ligase (ADP forming). ATP + CoA + succinate =, ADP + phosphate + ...
Biochemistry, Ketogenesis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
... this is also known as acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase (ACAT). Afterward, acetoacetyl-CoA is converted to HMG-CoA via the ... and then broken down into acetyl CoA via beta-oxidation. Two acetyl-CoA molecules are converted into acetoacetyl-CoA via the ... and acetoacetate is converted back to acetyl-CoA via the enzyme beta-ketoacyl-CoA transferase. Acetyl-CoA goes through the ... Due to decreased activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, decreasing malonyl CoA, which disinhibits Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase ...
KEGG ENZYME: 2.3.1.5
beta-naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase;. 4-aminobiphenyl N-acetyltransferase;. acetyl CoA-arylamine N-acetyltransferase;. 2- ... naphthylamine N-acetyltransferase;. arylamine acetyltransferase;. indoleamine N-acetyltransferase;. N-acetyltransferase ( ... Wide specificity for aromatic amines, including serotonin; also catalyses acetyl-transfer between arylamines without CoA.. ... Further studies on anthranilate N-acetyltransferase and the metabolism of N-acetylanthranilic acid in Aerobacter aerogenes. ...
Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody (NBP1-30052): Novus Biologicals
View Goat Polyclonal anti-Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody (NBP1-30052). Validated Applications: WB, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-Fr ... from acetyl CoA and choline at cholinergic synapses.; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Acetyl-CoA + choline = CoA + O-acetylcholine.; ... Alternate Names for Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody. *acetyl CoA:choline O-acetyltransferase ... Choline Acetyltransferase/ChAT Antibody Summary. Immunogen. Native choline acetyltransferase purifed from human placenta ...
Fact Sheet Glossary - MPS Society
Acetyl CoA: ⍺-glucosaminide acetyltransferase - Lysosomal enzyme deficient in MPS III-C.. Adenoids: The collection of lymphatic ... MPS III-C: Caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acetyl CoA: α-glucosaminide acetyltransferase. 7 ... MPS III-D: Caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl glucosamine 6-sulfatase. ...
ChAT Rabbit anti-Guinea Pig, Mouse, Rabbit, Rat, Polyclonal, Invitrogen™
| Fisher Scientific
Possible regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 by lysine acetylation through LPCAT2 activity in RAW264.7 cells | Bioscience...
Cloning and characterization of acetyl-CoA:LYSO-PAF acetyltransferase. . J. Biol. Chem. ... The acetyltransferases were also predicted based on known information about binding sites of these enzymes. The score indicates ... LPCAT2 gene and protein sequence is homologous to other lysine acetyltransferases. About 50-70% homology is required to ... Analysis of the relatedness of LPCAT2 to commonly known lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). Using R Statistical Programming ...
Determinants within the C-Terminal Domain of Streptomyces lividans Acetyl-CoA Synthetase that Block Acetylation of Its Active...
... lividans Acetyl-CoA Synthetase that Block Acetylation of Its Active Site Lysine In Vitro by the Protein Acetyltransferase (Pat ... acyl-CoA synthetases) family of metabolic enzymes, with acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) being the paradigm in the field. Here we ... Lividans Acetyl-CoA Synthetase That Block Acetylation of Its Active Site Lysine In Vitro by the Protein Acetyltransferase (Pat ... A strong case has been made for RLA control exerted by homologues of the Salmonella enterica protein acetyltransferase (SePat) ...
Riluzole and Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer Disease
KEGG Metagenome: T30489
M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:T30489_00430 T30489_00620 T30489_00720 ... M00307 Pyruvate oxidation, pyruvate => acetyl-CoA [PATH:T30489_00010 T30489_00020 T30489_00620 T30489_01200 T30489_01100]. ... M00086 beta-Oxidation, acyl-CoA synthesis [PATH:T30489_00061 T30489_00071 T30489_01212 T30489_01100]. M00087 beta-Oxidation [ ... M00525 Lysine biosynthesis, acetyl-DAP pathway, aspartate => lysine [PATH:T30489_00300 T30489_01230 T30489_01100]. M00526 ...
KEGG PATHWAY: rn00362
acetaldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acetylating). R00238 acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase. ... succinyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. R01295 benzoate,[reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (4- ... benzoyl-CoA,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (2,3-epoxydizing). R09556 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoyl-CoA (3Z)-6-oxohex-3-enoyl-CoA- ... Benzoyl-CoA degradation, benzoyl-CoA =, 3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA [PATH:rn00362]. M00547 Benzene/toluene degradation, benzene =, ...
Ject Press - 7339 Товары | Страница 4
Chrono Press - 7704 Товары | Страница 4
Citations Search
HOMD :: SEQF2963
enoyl-CoA hydratase. 66. SEQF2963,KV804687.1. OFK78110.1 jb [NA] [AA] 1188/395. 25932-24745. acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. ... enoyl-CoA hydratase. 68. SEQF2963,KV804687.1. OFK78112.1 jb [NA] [AA] 1104/367. 27533-26430. UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine 2- ... bifunctional biotin--[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] synthetase/biotin operon repressor. 136. SEQF2963,KV804746.1. OFK78332.1 jb [NA ... 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase. 65. SEQF2963,KV804687.1. OFK78109.1 jb [NA] [AA] 777/258. 24743-23967. ...
Human acetyltransferase polymorphisms
... catalyzed by acetyl CoA-dependent arylamine acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, may play an important role in the intricate series ... catalyzed by acetyl CoA-dependent arylamine acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, may play an important role in the intricate series ... Human acetyltransferase polymorphisms Mutat Res. 1997 May 12;376(1-2):61-70. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(97)00026-2. ... Two independently regulated and kinetically distinct human acetyltransferases are now known to exist, namely NAT1 and NAT2. ...
BiGG Reaction ACACT1r in iECO103 1326
Frontiers | Metagenomic analysis and metabolite profiling of deep-sea sediments from the Gulf of Mexico following the Deepwater...
... acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase and benzoyl-CoA reductase. These results suggest that the microbial response to anthropogenic ... of benzoyl-CoA reductase genes (Egland et al., 1997) was detected in GoM315 and GoM278, but not GoM023, the site farthest from ... bss and benzoyl-CoA reductase) of compounds such as butyrate, benzoate, toluene, and alkanoic acids (Table S1 in Supplementary ...
Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology | Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 14e | AccessMedicine | McGraw Hill Medical
In the cytoplasm, acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl-CoA (AcCoA) by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase ( ... Acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesized in the cytoplasm from acetyl-CoA and choline through the catalytic action of the enzyme ... choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Acetyl-CoA is synthesized in mitochondria, which are present in large numbers in the nerve ...
HOMD :: SEQF2033
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. 26. SEQF2033,AEJQ02000001.1. SEQF2033_00026 jb [NA] [AA] 1344/447. 23593-22250. Putative short- ... Acetate CoA-transferase subunit alpha. 29. SEQF2033,AEJQ02000001.1. SEQF2033_00029 jb [NA] [AA] 897/298. 25200-26096. HTH-type ... Acetate CoA-transferase subunit beta. 28. SEQF2033,AEJQ02000001.1. SEQF2033_00028 jb [NA] [AA] 654/217. 24926-24273. ... 2-succinylbenzoate--CoA ligase. 116. SEQF2033,AEJQ02000003.1. SEQF2033_00116 jb [NA] [AA] 543/180. 70790-70248. hypothetical ...
ENZYME - 2.3.1.157 glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
Frontiers | Sugar Metabolism of the First Thermophilic Planctomycete Thermogutta terrifontis: Comparative Genomic and...
Pyruvate, generated in the course of degradation of sugars and sugar acids, is further oxidized to acetyl-CoA in the reactions ... dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) (THTE_2674), and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) (THTE_2676). ... acetate could be formed under the action of putative ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase (THTE_2996), as it was shown for few ... catalyzing the NADH-dependent reduction of acetyl-CoA to acetaldehyde (Toth et al., 1999), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (THTE_ ...
Hypothesis
EC 2.3.1.3
The Impact of the PCSK-9 / VLDL-Receptor Axis on Inflammatory Cell Polarization | Research Square
Transacetylation | definition of transacetylation by Medical dictionary
Transfer of an acetyl group (CH3CO-) from one compound to another; such reactions, usually involving formation of acetyl-CoA, ... Comparison of protein acetyltransferase action of crtaase with the prototypes of HAT ... Transfer of an acetyl group (CH3CO-), from one compound to another; such reactions, usually involving formation of acetyl-CoA, ... by aspirin through a transacetylation reaction are examples of nonenzymatic protein acetylation independent of acetyl CoA.. ...
EnzymeACAT1TransferaseDehydrogenaseGeneAcyltransferaseAcetylationCarboxylaseMetabolismSynthetaseReductaseCoenzymeReactionPyruvateArylamine N-acetyltransferaAcetateGenesMitochondriaCitric acidEnzymesProtein acetyltransferaseLigaseAcetylcholineCytosolicDeficiencyAcetoacetyl-CoALyaseBeta-oxidationCatalyzesSubstrateLysinePathwayCitrateNADHNAT2MetaboliteAminoProteinsMolecule calledAcyl-CoAAminoglycoside acetyltransferaseAspartateCarnitineMoleculesOxidativeCysteineTransacetylase
Enzyme27
- In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 acetyl-CoA ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetyl-CoA, and two products, CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- The enzyme converts a molecule called acetoacetyl-CoA into two molecules of acetyl-CoA, which can be used to produce energy. (medlineplus.gov)
- 12q14 (Sanfilippo syndrome): The diagnosis requires a specific lysosomal enzyme assay for glucosamine ( N -acetyl)-6-sulfatase (GNS) activity. (medscape.com)
- Although it is the primary site that produces ketone bodies, the liver does not use ketone bodies because it lacks the necessary enzyme beta ketoacyl-CoA transferase. (nih.gov)
- Afterward, acetoacetyl-CoA is converted to HMG-CoA via the enzyme HMG-CoA synthase. (nih.gov)
- Once they reach extrahepatic tissues, beta-hydroxybutyrate is converted to acetoacetate via the enzyme beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and acetoacetate is converted back to acetyl-CoA via the enzyme beta-ketoacyl-CoA transferase. (nih.gov)
- glucosaminide acetyltransferase - Lysosomal enzyme deficient in MPS III-C. (mpssociety.org)
- A strong case has been made for RLA control exerted by homologues of the Salmonella enterica protein acetyltransferase (SePat) enzyme on the broadly distributed AMP-forming CoA ligase (a.k.a. acyl-CoA synthetases) family of metabolic enzymes, with acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) being the paradigm in the field. (mit.edu)
- Here we investigate why the Acs homologue in Streptomyces lividans (SlAcs) is poorly acetylated in vitro by the S. lividans protein acetyltransferase (SlPat) enzyme. (mit.edu)
- The product of this gene is an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, and it encodes cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. (empiregenomics.com)
- In metazoans, the predominant source of cytosolic acetyl-CoA is the essential enzyme ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY). (upenn.edu)
- 10-DAB is also one of the key intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of Taxol and is converted into baccatin III by the enzyme 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10- O -acetyltransferase (DBAT). (pharmawareness.com)
- Acetylcholine is formed by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase , an axoplasmic enzyme, from acetyl-CoA and choline. (altmeyers.org)
- Outer mitochondrial carnitine acetyltransferase, minor ethanol-inducible enzyme involved in transpor. (yeastrc.org)
- N-acetyltransferase 2 enzyme . (mydnachoices.com)
- N-acetyltransferase is a phase II detoxification enzyme that helps to metabolize aromatic amines, drugs, cigarette smoke, and carcinogens. (mydnachoices.com)
- In its acetyl form, coenzyme … The enzymes involved in acetyl-CoA formation from pyruvate and in acetate formation from acetyl-CoA were investigated: These data indicate that acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP forming) represents a typical archaeal property rather than an enzyme specific for hyperthermophiles. (humandynamics.se)
- The enzyme contains biotin and adds a CO2 (resulting in a carboxyl group) to the methyl end of acetyl CoA. (humandynamics.se)
- The deficient enzyme in Sanfilippo syndrome C, or MPS IIIC, is an acetyltransferase that catalyzes the conversion of alpha-glucosaminide residues to N-acetylglucosaminide in the presence of acetyl-CoA.For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Sanfilippo syndrome, see MPS IIIA ( OMIM ). (mendelian.co)
- Acetylcholine is synthesized from the compounds choline and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase in some neurons. (vedantu.com)
- An enzyme that, in the presence of ATP and COENZYME A, catalyzes the cleavage of citrate to yield acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate, ADP, and ORTHOPHOSPHATE. (umassmed.edu)
- Steady-state kinetic experiments demonstrate that the enzyme utilizes a ping-pong kinetic mechanism in which the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is initially transferred to an enzyme nucleophile before subsequent transfer to homoserine to form the final product, O-acetylhomoserine. (rhea-db.org)
- Direct evidence for the formation of an acetyl-enzyme intermediate was obtained using rapid-quench labeling studies. (rhea-db.org)
- which is catalyzed by the enzyme glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase. (bovinedb.ca)
- An enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic pathway to LEUCINE, forming isopropyl malate from acetyl-CoA and alpha-ketoisovaleric acid. (ouhsc.edu)
- Evaluation from PHT-427 the pleiotropic ramifications of herbicide level of resistance alleles over the complete life-cycle of the weed varieties offers only been completed to day for three mutant alleles from the nuclear gene encoding acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) that endow level of resistance to herbicides focusing on this enzyme in the diploid (2n = 14 [9]) lawn weed Huds. (cancer-colorectal.com)
ACAT15
- Abdelkreem E, Harijan RK, Yamaguchi S, Wierenga RK, Fukao T. Mutation update on ACAT1 variants associated with mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
- The ketone body metabolizing enzymes 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (BDH1 and 2), 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 1 (OXCT1) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) were expressed at the mRNA and protein level in all glioma cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2016) show that oncogenic tyrosine kinases can promote glycolysis by phosphorylating and stabilizing the tetrameric form of mitochondrial acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1). (elsevier.com)
- In the barnacle Balanus (=Amphibalanus) amphitrite, butenolide bound to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), which is involved in ketone body metabolism. (edu.sa)
- Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, MAT or T2 deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism due to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) gene mutations. (ogu.edu.tr)
Transferase2
- Carnitine acetyl-CoA transferase present in both mitochondria and peroxisomes, transfers activated a. (yeastrc.org)
- AF525684_1 putative mitochondrial/peroxisomal carnitine acetyl transferase. (yeastrc.org)
Dehydrogenase4
- In the bryozoan Bugula neritina, butenolide bound to very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADVL), actin, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). (edu.sa)
- The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzymecomplex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), andprovides the primary link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (exemestane.info)
- The PDHcomplex is composed of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: pyruvatedehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase(E3). (exemestane.info)
- Introduction The pyruvate dehydrogenase activator dichloroacetate (DCA) is a small molecule that has been used in humans for decades as a treatment for acquired and congenital forms of lactacidosis by shifting pyruvate metabolism from cytoplasmic lactate production to oxidative production of acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria [1]. (cisplatin.info)
Gene12
- Kano M, Fukao T, Yamaguchi S, Orii T, Osumi T, Hashimoto T. Structure and expression of the human mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase-encoding gene. (medlineplus.gov)
- Cytosolic acetyl-CoA is crucial for lipid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and gene regulation. (upenn.edu)
- We also explore the direct interaction of ACLY with protein acetyltransferases as a means of gene regulation. (upenn.edu)
- Mao J, Chirala SS, Wakil SJ: Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 gene: presence of three promoters and heterogeneity at the 5'-untranslated mRNA region. (smpdb.ca)
- MPS IIIA ( 252900 )results from a defect in the heparan sulfate sulfatase gene SGSH (17q25.3), type IIIB ( 252920 )from a defect in the N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase gene NAGLU (17q21), type IIIC ( 252930 ) from a defect in the acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide acetyltransferase gene HGSNAT (8p11.1), and type IIID ( 252940 ) from a defect in the N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase gene GNS (12q14). (arizona.edu)
- We finally added the expression of a yeast acetyltransferase gene ATF1 and could then confirm also ( Z )-11-hexadecenyl acetate release from the plant. (biomedcentral.com)
- Knock-down of the plastid-encoded acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene uncovers functions in metabolism and development. (mpg.de)
- Fatty acyl-CoA reductase from Marinobacter aqueolei was co-expressed with SpCas9 in R. toruloides IFO0880 and a panel of gene overexpressions and Cas9-mediated gene deletions were explored to increase the fatty alcohol production. (biomedcentral.com)
- The present study was designed to investigate the effects of isoflavone genistein exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 50 μM on the LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase gene expression in the estrogen receptor positive DLD-1 human colon cancer cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
- LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase gene expressions were evaluated by reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
- Genistein induced an increase of LDL receptor gene expression and later decrease of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression in DLD-1 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- These findings provide direct evidence on the role of genistein in regulating LDL receptor and HMG-CoA reductase gene expression in colon cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Acyltransferase2
- LPCAT2 is a lipid acyltransferase and acetyltransferase [ 6 ]. (portlandpress.com)
- acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 2 [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Acetylation9
- The acetylation of cyclooxygenase [8] and other cellular proteins [9] by aspirin through a transacetylation reaction are examples of nonenzymatic protein acetylation independent of acetyl CoA. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This review sets out what we know about the broader substrate specificity and regulation of acetyl- ases and goes on to compare acetylation with the process of phosphorylation. (embl.de)
- It is also known that the histone acetyltransferase p300 can induce PCK1 acetylation in cells, but whether that is a direct or indirect function was not known. (jbc.org)
- Decreased histone H4R3 symmetric methylation is followed by increased nuclear acetylation of H4K5, and is rescued by pharmacological inhibition of histone acetyltransferases. (nature.com)
- During acetylation, Acetyl Co-A is attached to toxins to make them less harmful and easy to excrete. (mydnachoices.com)
- You will further uncover a bit about the function of coenzyme A. Acetyl-CoA is a thioester between the acyl group carrier, acetic acid and a thiol, coenzyme A. Acetyl-CoA, as a carrier of acyl groups, is an essential cofactor in the posttranslational acetylation reactions of histone and nonhistone proteins catalyzed by HATs. (humandynamics.se)
- Serotonin-N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), which regulates the rate of melatonin biosynthesis in the pineal gland, catalyzes the acetylation of 5HT to N-acetylserotonin (NAS). (hmdb.ca)
- The N-acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes are responsible for acetylation. (xcode.life)
- In Haemophilus influenzae, acylation is accomplished via an acetyl-CoA-dependent acetylation catalyzed by homoserine transacetylase. (rhea-db.org)
Carboxylase4
- The first committed step of fatty acid biosynthesis is catalyzed by Acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (humandynamics.se)
- A. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase. (humandynamics.se)
- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (to get mutant alleles carrying an isoleucine-to-leucine substitution in codon 1781 that endows herbicide level of resistance. (cancer-colorectal.com)
- Polymerization regulates the catalytic activity of CTPS (10C12), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (13), and glutamine synthetase (14), but its function is definitely less clear for many enzymes, including IMPDH. (bioinbrief.com)
Metabolism2
- Acetyl CoA is produced during metabolism of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. (humandynamics.se)
- Endoplasmic reticulum acetyltransferases Atase1 and Atase2 differentially regulate reticulophagy, macroautophagy and cellular acetyl-CoA metabolism " was published in April in the journal Communications Biology . (wisc.edu)
Synthetase1
- UST020129-010, butenolide bound to succinyl-CoA synthetase β subunit (SCSβ) and inhibited bacterial growth. (edu.sa)
Reductase4
- Fatty alcohols, a fatty acid derivative widely used in the production of detergents and surfactants, can be produced microbially with the expression of a heterologous fatty acyl-CoA reductase. (biomedcentral.com)
- The fatty alcohol titer of fatty acyl-CoA reductase-expressing R. toruloides was significantly improved through the deletion of LRO1 , or the deletion of DGA1 combined with overexpression of ACC1 and ACL1 . (biomedcentral.com)
- Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membrane and the main pathway through which proliferating cells gain cholesterol is de novo synthesis of endogenous cholesterol regulated by the activity of 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA (HMG-CoA) reductase. (biomedcentral.com)
- A loss of LDL receptor in tumors is expected to remove feedback inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, stimulating endogenous mevalonate pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Coenzyme5
- Other names in common use include acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, beta-acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase, 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase [misleading], 3-oxothiolase, acetyl coenzyme A thiolase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, acetyl-CoA:N-acetyltransferase, and thiolase II. (wikipedia.org)
- this is also known as acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase (ACAT). (nih.gov)
- In this reaction acetyl-Coenzyme A ( which is a two-carbon molecule) is produced from pyruvate ( three-carbon molecule, produced from glycolysis). (humandynamics.se)
- coenzyme A carries acetyl to the citric acid cycle. (humandynamics.se)
- When an acetyl group is added to the tail of CoA, the whole molecule becomes known as acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). (humandynamics.se)
Reaction6
- Transfer of an acetyl group (CH 3 CO−) in a chemical reaction. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Catalysis of the reaction: acyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA = CoA + 3-oxoacyl-CoA. (systemsbiology.net)
- Catalysis of the reaction: L-serine + acetyl-CoA = O-acetyl-L-serine + CoA. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Lipoic acid can act simply as an oxidizing agent, or it can simultaneously take part in two reactions-a redox reaction and the shift of an acetyl group by transesterification. (humandynamics.se)
- The correct answer is Link reaction ( formation of acetyle CoA from pyruvate). (humandynamics.se)
- Solvent kinetic isotope effect studies yielded inverse effects of 0.75 on V and 0.74 on V/K(CoA) on the reverse reaction and effects of 1.2 on V and 1.7 on V/K(homoserine) on the forward reaction. (rhea-db.org)
Pyruvate3
- While acetyl CoA can be synthesized via pyruvate or amino acids, it can also be formed by the breakdown of acyl-CoA. (humandynamics.se)
- After the formation of Pyruvate through the glycolysis pathway, it may enter into different … In humans, CoA biosynthesis requires cysteine, pantothenate, and adenosine triphosphate. (humandynamics.se)
- Acetyl-CoA, another important precursor metabolite, is produced by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate [MD:M00307]. (tidymass.org)
Arylamine N-acetyltransfera1
- In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the genes hsaD (2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid hydrolase) and nat (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) are essential for survival inside of host macrophages. (warwick.ac.uk)
Acetate2
- Conjugation of primary amino and hydroxylamino groups with acetate, catalyzed by acetyl CoA-dependent arylamine acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, may play an important role in the intricate series of metabolic pathways that produce or prevent toxicity following exposure to homo- and heterocyclic arylamine and hydrazine xenobiotics. (nih.gov)
- Butanoyl-CoA Acetate. (cyberleninka.org)
Genes1
- Changes in the functioning of the NAT1 and NAT2 genes (genetic polymorphisms) can affect the body's capacity to add an acetyl group to the above toxins. (xcode.life)
Mitochondria3
- Fatty acids are brought into the mitochondria via carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) and then broken down into acetyl CoA via beta-oxidation. (nih.gov)
- In mitochondria the acetyl-coA combined with choline and with the help of choline acetyltransferase formed acetylcholine. (medicscenter.com)
- Acetyl-CoA formation occurs inside or outside the cell mitochondria. (humandynamics.se)
Citric acid3
- Acetyl-CoA goes through the citric acid cycle, and after oxidative phosphorylation, produces 22 ATP per molecule. (nih.gov)
- In contrast to glucose, ketone bodies thus bypass cytoplasmic glycolysis and directly enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl-CoA. (biomedcentral.com)
- Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production. (humandynamics.se)
Enzymes5
- Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase belongs to the thiolase family of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
- Thiolase are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible thiolytic cleavage of 3-ketoacyl-CoA. (systemsbiology.net)
- Metabolic engineering is applied on the acetyl-CoA transportation system, but not the key enzymes in beta-oxidation. (tees.ac.uk)
- The NAT enzymes are also called arylamine N-acetyltransferases. (xcode.life)
- N acetyltransferase deficiency occurs as a result of low levels of NAT enzymes in the body. (xcode.life)
Protein acetyltransferase1
- Moreover, further research is required to characterise LPCAT2 as a protein acetyltransferase. (portlandpress.com)
Ligase1
- Ghosh B, Barbosa E, Singh I: Molecular cloning and sequencing of human palmitoyl-CoA ligase and its tissue specific expression. (smpdb.ca)
Acetylcholine2
- Choline acetylase catalyzes the reversible synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) from acetyl CoA and choline at cholinergic synapses. (novusbio.com)
- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Acetyl-CoA + choline = CoA + O-acetylcholine. (novusbio.com)
Cytosolic2
- AF525683_1 putative cytosolic carnitine acetyltransferase [Candida albican. (yeastrc.org)
- Two overexpression targets ( ACL1 and ACC1 , improving cytosolic acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA production, respectively) and two deletion targets (the acyltransferases DGA1 and LRO1 ) resulted in significant (1.8 to 4.4-fold) increases to the fatty alcohol titer in culture tubes. (biomedcentral.com)
Deficiency4
- FitzPatrick DR, Hill A, Tolmie JL, Thorburn DR, Christodoulou J: The molecular basis of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. (smpdb.ca)
- Sacksteder KA, Morrell JC, Wanders RJ, Matalon R, Gould SJ: MCD encodes peroxisomal and cytoplasmic forms of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase and is mutated in malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. (smpdb.ca)
- A case of 2-methylacetoacetyl CoA thiolase deficiency with coincidental chromosome abnormalities. (harvard.edu)
- Mps3c Is also known as sanfilippo syndrome c, mps iiic, acetyl-coa:alpha-glucosaminide n-acetyltransferase deficiency. (mendelian.co)
Acetoacetyl-CoA3
- It converts a molecule called 2-methyl-acetoacetyl-CoA into two smaller molecules, propionyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA, that can be used to produce energy. (medlineplus.gov)
- Comment: Produces two acetyl-CoA from acetoacetyl-CoA and CoA. (lbl.gov)
- TBNAT was found to be able to utilize not just acetyl-CoA, but also n-propionyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA, although at a lower rate. (warwick.ac.uk)
Lyase1
- HMG-CoA lyase then converts HMG-CoA to acetoacetate. (nih.gov)
Beta-oxidation4
- Acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate are almost exclusively synthesized in the liver from acetyl-CoA that results from the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, both MCAs and DCAs may be degraded to acetyl-CoA by beta-oxidation, resulting in a limited DCA yield. (tees.ac.uk)
- Acetyl-CoA can be transported into the mitochondrion for the TCA cycle by carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT), by which the energy generation and beta-oxidation are connected. (tees.ac.uk)
- Further understanding of beta-oxidation and the acetyl-CoA transportation system in Candida tropicalis is reached through examination of fermentation data by metabolic flux analysis. (tees.ac.uk)
Catalyzes2
- b. all produce carbon … Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal In the third step, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase also catalyzes the CoA-SH addition to the two-carbon molecule, with the sulfur from CoA-SH attacking the sulfur-bound carbon. (humandynamics.se)
- After uptake of CCs into phagosomes cholesterol is normally moved in the lysosome via the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) transporter towards the endoplasmic reticulum where acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase catalyzes the forming of cholesteryl esters. (healthappsopenday.com)
Substrate1
- The specific activity of TBNAT was tested against a broad range of acyl-CoA cofactors using hydralazine as a substrate. (warwick.ac.uk)
Lysine2
- The nature of the recognition of acetyl-lysine by the P/CAF bromodomain is similar to that of acetyl-CoA by histone acetyltransferase. (embl.de)
- The epigenetic writers are DNA methyltransferases, histone lysine methyltransferases and histone acetyltransferases. (enzolifesciences.com)
Pathway2
- In this paper, we present a method to reconstruct the metabolic pathway by inhibiting the acetyl-CoA transportation system. (tees.ac.uk)
- A new de novo pathway for the formation of 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerols, precursors of platelet activating factor. (humandynamics.se)
Citrate1
- such reactions, usually involving formation of acetyl-CoA, occur notably in the initiation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by the transfer of an acetyl group to oxaloacetate to form citrate. (thefreedictionary.com)
NADH1
- where does NADH come from in the formation of acetyl CoA? (humandynamics.se)
NAT21
- Two independently regulated and kinetically distinct human acetyltransferases are now known to exist, namely NAT1 and NAT2. (nih.gov)
Metabolite2
Amino1
- Nearly all known histone-acetyltransferase (HAT)-associated transcriptional co-activators contain bromodomains, which are approximately 110-amino-acid modules found in many chromatin-associated proteins. (embl.de)
Proteins1
- The encoded protein has a characteristic MYST domain containing an acetyl-CoA-binding site, a chromodomain typical of proteins which bind histones, and a C2HC-type zinc finger. (nih.gov)
Molecule called1
- The NATs transfer a molecule called acetyl CoA to the toxins to make them less harmful and to eliminate them easily from the body. (xcode.life)
Acyl-CoA2
- Conversion of diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA to triacylglycerol. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
- Fatty alcohols are natively produced in many organisms as a component of natural waxes by reduction of fatty acids or fatty acyl-CoA by carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) or fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs), respectively [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Aminoglycoside acetyltransferase1
- A bifunctional aminoglycoside acetyltransferase/phosphotransferase conferring tobramycin resistance provides an efficient selectable marker for plastid transformation. (mpg.de)
Aspartate1
- It is essential for the biosynthesis of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) from L-aspartate and acetyl-CoA. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
Carnitine1
- has similarity to Yat1p, which is a carnitine acetyltransferase associa. (yeastrc.org)
Molecules1
- There are many different starting molecules from which to form acetyl-CoA. (humandynamics.se)
Oxidative1
- Acetyl-CoA is important because it can be used to generate large amounts of energy in the TCA cycle and subseuquent oxidative phosphorylation. (humandynamics.se)
Cysteine1
- Type of study/level of facts Beneficial 3.The very structure regarding serine acetyltransferase (SAT) using cysteine destined inside the serine subsite of the productive web site signifies that each H154 as well as H189 are generally within just hydrogen-bonding long distance on the cysteine thiol [Olsen, M. Third. (nartsignaling.com)
Transacetylase1
- Insofar the MekB and CgHle structures suggest dividing the homoserine transacetylase family into subfamilies, namely genuine acetyl transferases and acetyl esterases with MekB and CgHle as constituting members of the latter. (inrae.fr)