OrganismsChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Acetolactate SynthaseOxo-Acid-LyasesHerbicidesSulfonylurea Compounds2-Acetolactate MutaseIsoleucinePontederiaceaeHerbicide ResistanceValineAmino Acids, Branched-ChainEscherichia coliAcetoinMutationThiamine PyrophosphateGenesMolecular Sequence DataHydroxybutyratesLactates
Acetolactate Synthase
A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the biosynthesis of VALINE and the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate in the biosynthesis of ISOLEUCINE. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.18.
Oxo-Acid-Lyases
Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of a 3-hydroxy acid. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 4.1.3.
Herbicides
Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.
Sulfonylurea Compounds
2-Acetolactate Mutase
An enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. It converts 2-acetolactate into 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-isovalerate. Also acts on 2-hydroxy-2-acetobutyrate to form 2-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-methylvalerate. EC 5.4.99.3.
Isoleucine
An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.
Pontederiaceae
A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Most species are perennials, native primarily to tropical America. They have creeping rootstocks, fibrous roots, and leaves in clusters at the base of the plant or borne on branched stems. The fruit is a capsule containing many seeds, or a one-seeded winged structure.
Herbicide Resistance
Diminished or failed response of PLANTS to HERBICIDES.
Valine
A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.
Amino Acids, Branched-Chain
Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Acetoin
A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidized to carbon dioxide.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Thiamine Pyrophosphate
The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.
Genes
A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Hydroxybutyrates
Salts and esters of hydroxybutyric acid.
Lactates
Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.

Construction of an L-isoleucine overproducing strain of Escherichia coli K-12. (1/174)

The genes for a threonine deaminase that is resistant to feedback inhibition by L-isoleucine and for an active acetohydroxyacid synthase II were introduced by a plasmid into a L-threonine-producing recombinant strain of Escherichia coli K-12. Analysis of culture broth of the strain using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance suggested that alpha, beta-dihydroxy-beta-methylvalerate (DHMV) and alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate (KMV), the third and the fourth intermediates in the L-isoleucine biosynthetic pathway from L-threonine, respectively, accumulated in the medium in amounts comparable to that of L-isoleucine. The ratio of accumulated L-isoleucine:DHMV:KMV were approximately 2:1:1. The concentration of accumulated L-isoleucine increased by twofold after the additional introduction of the genes for dihyroxyacid dehydratase (DH) and transaminase-B (TA-B), and the intermediates no longer accumulated. The resultant strain TVD5 accumulated 10 g/l of L-isoleucine from 40 g/l of glucose.  (+info)

Effect of mutagenesis at serine 653 of Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase on the sensitivity to imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. (2/174)

Resistance to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides can occur by mutations in acetohydroxyacid synthase (EC 4.1.3.18). Changing serine 653 to asparagine is known to cause insensitivity to imidazolinones but not to sulfonylureas. Here, S-653 of the Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme was mutated to alanine, threonine and phenylalanine. The purified mutated enzymes resemble wild-type in their enzymatic properties. The threonine and phenylalanine mutants are imidazolinone-resistant and the latter is also slightly sulfonylurea-resistant. The alanine mutant remains sensitive to both herbicides. The results suggest that the beta-hydroxyl group is not required for imidazolinone binding and that the size of the side-chain determines resistance.  (+info)

Targeted manipulation of maize genes in vivo using chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. (3/174)

Site-specific heritable mutations in maize genes were engineered by introducing chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Two independent targets within the endogenous maize acetohydroxyacid synthase gene sequence were modified in a site-specific fashion, thereby conferring resistance to either imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides. Similarly, an engineered green fluorescence protein transgene was site-specifically modified in vivo. Expression of the introduced inactive green fluorescence protein was restored, and plants containing the modified transgene were regenerated. Progeny analysis indicated Mendelian transmission of the converted transgene. The efficiency of gene conversion mediated by chimeric oligonucleotides in maize was estimated as 10(-4), which is 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than frequencies reported for gene targeting by homologous recombination in plants. The heritable changes in maize genes engineered by this approach create opportunities for basic studies of plant gene function and agricultural trait manipulation and also provide a system for studying mismatch repair mechanisms in maize.  (+info)

A tool for functional plant genomics: chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides cause in vivo gene-specific mutations. (4/174)

Self-complementary chimeric oligonucleotides (COs) composed of DNA and modified RNA residues were evaluated as a means to (i) create stable, site-specific base substitutions in a nuclear gene and (ii) introduce a frameshift in a nuclear transgene in plant cells. To demonstrate the creation of allele-specific mutations in a member of a gene family, COs were designed to target the codon for Pro-196 of SuRA, a tobacco acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene. An amino acid substitution at Pro-196 of ALS confers a herbicide-resistance phenotype that can be used as a selectable marker in plant cells. COs were designed to contain a 25-nt homology domain comprised of a five-deoxyribonucleotide region (harboring a single base mismatch to the native ALS sequence) flanked by regions each composed of 10 ribonucleotides. After recovery of herbicide-resistant tobacco cells on selective medium, DNA sequence analyses identified base conversions in the ALS gene at the codon for Pro-196. To demonstrate a site-specific insertion of a single base into a targeted gene, COs were used to restore expression of an inactive green fluorescent protein transgene that had been designed to contain a single base deletion. Recovery of fluorescent cells confirmed the deletion correction. Our results demonstrate the application of a technology to modify individual genetic loci by catalyzing either a base substitution or a base addition to specific nuclear genes; this approach should have great utility in the area of plant functional genomics.  (+info)

Expression vectors for Methanococcus maripaludis: overexpression of acetohydroxyacid synthase and beta-galactosidase. (5/174)

A series of integrative and shuttle expression vectors was developed for use in Methanococcus maripaludis. The integrative expression vectors contained the Methanococcus voltae histone promoter and multiple cloning sites designed for efficient cloning of DNA. Upon transformation, they can be used to overexpress specific homologous genes in M. maripaludis. When tested with ilvBN, which encodes the large and small subunits of acetohydroxyacid synthase, transformants possessed specific activity 13-fold higher than that of the wild type. An expression shuttle vector, based on the cryptic plasmid pURB500 and the components of the integrative vector, was also developed for the expression of heterologous genes in M. maripaludis. The beta-galactosidase gene from Escherichia coli was expressed to approximately 1% of the total cellular protein using this vector. During this work, the genes for the acetohydroxyacid synthase (ilvBN) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (ppsA) were sequenced from a M. maripaludis genomic library.  (+info)

Deletion of the pyc gene blocks clavulanic acid biosynthesis except in glycerol-containing medium: evidence for two different genes in formation of the C3 unit. (6/174)

The beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid is formed by condensation of a pyruvate-derived C3 unit with a molecule of arginine. A gene (pyc, for pyruvate converting) located upstream of the bls gene in the clavulanic acid gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus encodes a 582-amino-acid protein with domains recognizing pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate that shows 29.9% identity to acetohydroxyacid synthases. Amplification of the pyc gene resulted in an earlier onset and higher production of clavulanic acid. Replacement of the pyc gene with the aph gene did not cause isoleucine-valine auxotrophy in the mutant. The pyc replacement mutant did not produce clavulanic acid in starch-asparagine (SA) or in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) complex medium, suggesting that the pyc gene product is involved in the conversion of pyruvate into the C3 unit of clavulanic acid. However, the beta-lactamase inhibitor was still formed at the same level as in the wild-type strain in defined medium containing D-glycerol, glutamic acid, and proline (GSPG medium) as confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatography and paper chromatography. The production of clavulanic acid by the replacement mutant was dependent on addition of glycerol to the medium, and glycerol-free GSPG medium did not support clavulanic acid biosynthesis, suggesting that an alternative gene product catalyzes the incorporation of glycerol into clavulanic acid in the absence of the Pyc protein. The pyc replacement mutant overproduces cephamycin.  (+info)

Fermentative metabolism of Bacillus subtilis: physiology and regulation of gene expression. (7/174)

Bacillus subtilis grows in the absence of oxygen using nitrate ammonification and various fermentation processes. Lactate, acetate, and 2,3-butanediol were identified in the growth medium as the major anaerobic fermentation products by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Lactate formation was found to be dependent on the lctEP locus, encoding lactate dehydrogenase and a putative lactate permease. Mutation of lctE results in drastically reduced anaerobic growth independent of the presence of alternative electron acceptors, indicating the importance of NADH reoxidation by lactate dehydrogenase for the overall anaerobic energy metabolism. Anaerobic formation of 2,3-butanediol via acetoin involves acetolactate synthase and decarboxylase encoded by the alsSD operon. Mutation of alsSD has no significant effect on anaerobic growth. Anaerobic acetate synthesis from acetyl coenzyme A requires phosphotransacetylase encoded by pta. Similar to the case for lctEP, mutation of pta significantly reduces anaerobic fermentative and respiratory growth. The expression of both lctEP and alsSD is strongly induced under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic lctEP and alsSD induction was found to be partially dependent on the gene encoding the redox regulator Fnr. The observed fnr dependence might be the result of Fnr-induced arfM (ywiD) transcription and subsequent lctEP and alsSD activation by the regulator ArfM (YwiD). The two-component regulatory system encoded by resDE is also involved in anaerobic lctEP induction. No direct resDE influence on the redox regulation of alsSD was observed. The alternative electron acceptor nitrate represses anaerobic lctEP and alsSD transcription. Nitrate repression requires resDE- and fnr-dependent expression of narGHJI, encoding respiratory nitrate reductase. The gene alsR, encoding a regulator potentially responding to changes of the intracellular pH and to acetate, is essential for anaerobic lctEP and alsSD expression. In agreement with its known aerobic function, no obvious oxygen- or nitrate-dependent pta regulation was observed. A model for the regulation of the anaerobic fermentation genes in B. subtilis is proposed.  (+info)

Mutagenesis studies on the sensitivity of Escherichia coli acetohydroxyacid synthase II to herbicides and valine. (8/174)

Acetohydroxyacid synthase (EC 4.1.3.18, also known as acetolactate synthase) isoenzyme II from Escherichia coli is inhibited by sulphonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, although it is much less sensitive than the plant enzyme. This isoenzyme is also unusual in that it is not inhibited by valine. Mutating S100 (Ser(100) in one-letter amino acid notation) of the catalytic subunit to proline increases its sensitivity to sulphonylureas, but not to imidazolinones. Mutating P536 to serine, as found in the plant enzyme, had little effect on the properties of the enzyme. Mutating E14 of the regulatory subunit to glycine, either alone or in combination with the H29N (His(29)-->Asn) change, did not affect valine-sensitivity.  (+info)

Acetohydroxyacid synthase: A proposed structure for regulatory subunits supported by evidence from mutagenesis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Acetohydroxyacid synthase. T2 - A proposed structure for regulatory subunits supported by evidence from mutagenesis. AU - Mendel, Sharon. AU - Elkayam, Tsiona. AU - Sella, Carmen. AU - Vinogradov, Valery. AU - Vyazmensky, Maria. AU - Chipman, David M.. AU - Barak, Zeev. PY - 2001/3/16. Y1 - 2001/3/16. N2 - Valine inhibition of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) plays an important role in regulation of biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in bacteria. Bacterial AHASs are composed of separate catalytic and regulatory subunits; while the catalytic subunits appear to be homologous with several other thiamin diphosphate-dependent enzymes, there has been no model for the structure of the small, regulatory subunits (SSUs). AHAS III is one of three isozymes in Escherichia coli. Its large subunit (encoded by ilvI) by itself has 3-5% activity of the holoenzyme and is not sensitive to inhibition by valine. The SSU (encoded by ilvH) associates with the large subunit and is required for ...
https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/acetohydroxyacid-synthase-a-proposed-structure-for-regulatory-sub
Characterization and Management of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibiting Herbicide Resistant Mouse-Ear Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)...Characterization and Management of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibiting Herbicide Resistant Mouse-Ear Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)...
The first case of field evolved acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide resistance in the model plant, mouse-ear cress, was reported in winter wheat fields in Westmoreland County, Virginia. A putative resistant (R) mouse-ear population was assessed for ALS resistance relative to a putative susceptible (S) and a susceptible lab population Columbia (C). Results indicated that the R population needed 23 to >2400 fold rate of thifensulfuron relative to S or C population, and it has evolved cross-resistance to sulfonylureas (SU), triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilides (TP), and sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinones (SCT). Further studies sequenced the whole genome for four field populations, representing two locations and two resistance levels (high and low) per location, to characterize the genetic mechanism of ALS resistance. The results revealed that all populations contained mutations in the ALS gene at the Pro197 site, although the Pro was substituted by Phe in one location and Thr in the ...
https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/79370
RCSB PDB - 1OZH: The crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae acetolactate synthase with enzyme-bound cofactor and with an...RCSB PDB - 1OZH: The crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae acetolactate synthase with enzyme-bound cofactor and with an...
1OZH: The crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae acetolactate synthase with enzyme-bound cofactor and with an unusual intermediate.
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1ozh
The acetohydroxyacid synthase gene family its role in herbicide resistant sunflowers
Resistance to acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides has been reported in over 90 weedy species, including wild sunflower biotypes, since the herbicides were developed in 1982. The AHAS gene family in sunflower, consisting of three paralogs AHAS1 , AHAS2, and AHAS3, has been targeted for inducing herbicide resistance. A polymorphism identified in an elite sunflower line bred for resistance to the class of AHAS-inhibiting herbicides - sulfonylureas (SU) allowed development of a genotyping assay to be used in marker assisted selection (MAS). The expression level of the AHAS gene family was assayed in eight selected sunflower tissues. Diversity of the AHAS gene family was assessed among wild and domesticated sunflowers. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was discovered in the SU resistant sunflower. Development of a SNP assay, using fluorescently probed acyclo-dNTPs, facilitated genotypic determination. Non-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time RT-PCR ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/6q182q490
KEGG BRITE: KEGG Orthology (KO) - Streptococcus salivarius JIM8777KEGG BRITE: KEGG Orthology (KO) - Streptococcus salivarius JIM8777
K04072 adhE; acetaldehyde dehydrogenase / alcohol dehydrogenase [EC:1.2.1.10 1.1.1.1] K00656 E2.3.1.54; formate C-acetyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.54] K01641 E2.3.3.10; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [EC:2.3.3.10] K01652 E2.2.1.6L; acetolactate synthase I/II/III large subunit [EC:2.2.1.6] K01652 E2.2.1.6L; acetolactate synthase I/II/III large subunit [EC:2.2.1.6] K01653 E2.2.1.6S; acetolactate synthase I/III small subunit [EC:2.2.1.6] K01575 alsD; acetolactate decarboxylase [EC:4.1.1.5] K00004 BDH; (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase / meso-butanediol dehydrogenase / diacetyl reductase [EC:1.1.1.4 1.1.1.- 1.1.1.303] K03366 butA; meso-butanediol dehydrogenase / (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase / diacetyl reductase [EC:1.1.1.- 1.1.1.76 1.1.1.304 ...
https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?stj00001+SALIVA_1693
Record details
The acetolactate synthase enzyme (ALS) plays a key role in the biochemical pathways of the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. The application of ALS-inhibiting herbicides blocks this synthesis pathway. Lack of the aforementioned amino acids interferes with protein synthesis, causing the plant to die off.This gene encodes a modified acetolactate synthase, which confers tolerance to several acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides such as, for example, sulfonylurea ...
http://bch.cbd.int/database/record.shtml?documentid=103926
WikiGenes - ILV2 - acetolactate synthase catalytic subunitWikiGenes - ILV2 - acetolactate synthase catalytic subunit
The worlds first wiki where authorship really matters. Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts.
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/855135.html
Monsanto Still Testing GM Wheat, page 2Monsanto Still Testing GM Wheat, page 2
BASF released the first herbicide tolerant wheat in 2007 in Canada commercially known as Clearfield wheat. Clearfield wheat is a product of mutation breeding developed to survive the presence of imidazolinone herbicide which blocks the activity of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS). AHAS is the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of branched amino acids essential for plant growth. Based on the results of the field trials in the U.S., Clearfield is almost similar to the parental line in terms of vigor, time to maturity, seed production (yield), disease resistance, and tendency to weediness8 ...
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread952657/pg2
Group E/14 resistant Descurainia sophia from ChinaGroup E/14 resistant Descurainia sophia from China
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the common target of ALS-inhibiting herbicides, and target-site ALS mutations are the main mechanism of resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. In this study, ALS1 and ALS2 genes with full lengths of 2004 bp and 1998 bp respectively were cloned in individual plants of susceptible (S) or resistant (R) flixweed (Descurainia sophia L.) populations. Two ALS mutations of Pro-197-Thr and/or Trp-574-Leu were identified in plants of three R biotypes (HB24, HB30 and HB42). In order to investigate the function of ALS isozymes in ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance, pHB24 (a Pro-197-Thr mutation in ALS1 and a wild type ALS2), pHB42 (a Trp-574-Leu mutation in ALS1 and a wild type ALS2) and pHB30 (a Trp-574-Leu mutation in ALS1 and a Pro-197-Thr mutation in ALS2) subpopulations individually homozygous for different ALS mutations were generated. Individuals of pHB30 had mutations in each isozyme of ALS and had higher resistance than pHB24 and pHB42 populations containing ...
http://weedscience.com/Details/Case.aspx?ResistID=5652
Scientific Opinion on application EFSA-GMO-NL-2007-45 for the placing on the market of herbicide-tolerant, high-oleic acid,...Scientific Opinion on application EFSA-GMO-NL-2007-45 for the placing on the market of herbicide-tolerant, high-oleic acid,...
Soybean 305423 was developed through particle bombardment and contains gm-fad2-1 and gm-hra expression cassettes, conferring a high oleic acid profile and tolerance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Bioinformatic analyses and genetic stability studies did not raise safety issues. Levels of the GM-HRA protein in soybean 305423 have been sufficiently analysed. Soybean 305423 differs from the conventional counterpart in the seed fatty acid profile and for the presence of the GM-HRA protein. It is agronomically equivalent to non-GM reference soybeans. The safety assessment of GM-HRA identified no concerns regarding potential toxicity and allergenicity. There are no indications that the overall allergenicity of soybean 305423 has changed. Nutritional assessment on soybean 305423 oil and derived food products did not identify concerns on human health and nutrition. There are no concerns regarding the use of feeding stuffs derived from soybean 305423. There are no indications of an ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/90786/
Food safety and quality: OECD Unique Identifier detailsFood safety and quality: OECD Unique Identifier details
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors tolerance,Coleoptera resistance,Glufosinate tolerance,Glyphosate tolerance,Lepidoptera ...
http://www.fao.org/food/food-safety-quality/gm-foods-platform/browse-information-by/oecd-unique-identifier/oecd-unique-identifier-details/en/?ui=169554
Flumetsulam | CAS 98967-40-9 - Order from AdipochemFlumetsulam | CAS 98967-40-9 - Order from Adipochem
Flumetsulam (CDX-F0080), CAS98967-40-9, is a high purity and quality chemical. Used as pesticide, reference material, acetolactate synthase inhibitor.
https://adipogen.com/cdx-f0080-flumetsulam.html
Strain Information of E. coli K-12 MG1655
Strain Information. E. coli K-12 MG1655. Description. Genotype: F- lambda- ilvG- rfb-50 rph-1. Serotype: OR:H48:K- This strain was sequenced by the Blattner laboratory because it approximates wild-type E. coli and has been maintained as a laboratory strain with minimal genetic manipulation, having only been cured of the temperate bacteriophage lambda and F plasmid by means of ultraviolet light and acridine orange, respectively. (Blattner, et al. 1997). The mutations listed in the genotype are present in most K-12 strains and were probably acquired early in the history of the laboratory strain. A frameshift at the end of rph results in decreased pyrE expression and a mild pyrimidine starvation, such that the strain grows 10 to 15% more slowly in pyrimidine-free medium than in medium containing uracil (Jensen 1993). The ilvG- mutation is a frameshift that knocks out acetohydroxy acid synthase II (Lawther, et al. 1982). The rfb-50 mutation is an IS5 insertion that results in the absence of ...
https://www.genome.wisc.edu/resources/strains.htm
Record details
The stacked maize line DP-Ø9814Ø-6, DAS-Ø15Ø7-1 and DAS-59122-7 was obtained through the traditional cross breading of each of the parental organisms to produce a maize that expresses each of the cry1F, cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1, gat4621, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, and acetohydroxyacid synthase genes. The expression of these genes are expected to confer resistance to Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, and tolerant to glufosinate, Sulfonylurea and glyphosate herbicide ...
http://bch.cbd.int/database/record.shtml?documentid=104815
Valiant CL Plus - Clearfield® Plus - Wheat | IntergrainValiant CL Plus - Clearfield® Plus - Wheat | Intergrain
A slow maturing Clearfield® Plus vehicle for the early starter, there are residue concerns from previous season imidazolinone herbicide use.
https://www.intergrain.com/variety/valiant-cl-plus/
Maize-Common beanMaize-Common bean
Through the use of maize-common bean-mixtures the root space is effectively used and higher total yields can be generated. Simultaneously the protein content of the silage increases significantly. In what way the substrate can be used in dairy cattle feed as well as in biogas plants, is currently being researched by the Thünen Institute (Braunschweig, Germany). The ingredient phasin could be problematic here, but first common bean varieties are available on the market where the phasin content is reduced by 20 times. In addition to the advantages mentioned, the common bean as a legume is able to improve the nitrogen utilization of pure maize cultivation. On the one hand, in the case of nitrogen excess, an additional intake can be made by the common bean, while in the case of deficient situations, the nitrogen fixation of the legume takes effect.. ...
https://www.freudenberger.net/en/maize-common-bean.asp
Less Favoured Area Measure in the Netherlands: a welcome or negligible addition? - AgEcon SearchLess Favoured Area Measure in the Netherlands: a welcome or negligible addition? - AgEcon Search
The Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) Directive (75/268) which was introduced in 1975, was the first common European instrument of regional agricultural structural policy. LFAs are areas where agriculture is hampered by permanent natural handicaps. The major objectives were to ensure the continuation of farming, thereby maintaining a minimum population level and preserving scenic landscapes and environmentally valuable habitats. In the Netherlands, the LFA measure is used as an additional payment, to compensate farmers for negative economic effects due to the conservation of these natural handicaps. It was not implemented as a stand alone policy, but is linked to measures aiming at active nature and landscape conservation management. In this paper, the effects will be examined of the regulations aiming at the conservation of natural handicaps on farm businesses within LFAs, when comparing them to farm businesses outside LFAs, where these regulations and handicaps do not exist. The main data source that was
http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/44382
DNA Ancestor Confirmation Aid for James Alvin PriceDNA Ancestor Confirmation Aid for James Alvin Price
Unknown Great-Great-Great-Grandfather. A WikiTree profile needs to be created before the DNA features can be used for this person. If no information about them is known but they are the first common direct line ancestor of two test-takers create a placeholder profile with the name Unknown and one very roughly-estimated date ...
https://www.wikitree.com/treewidget/Price-2137/899
Dangerous Virus Common in Infants Often Mistaken for a Cold - Sunbury News
Knowing the signs of RSV can help keep babies healthy and out of the hospital (COLUMBUS, Ohio) - Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is the most common cause of hospitalization among children under the age of one year. It is often mistaken for the common cold, but experts say recognizing the difference is crucial to detecting and treating RSV.. Most babies recover on their own, but some develop severe symptoms that can be life-threatening, said Octavio Ramilo, MD, division chief of Infectious Diseases at Nationwide Childrens Hospital. The first common sign of RSV is that they wont take their bottle, and then parents may also notice that their baby is breathing more rapidly than normal.. Ramilo says that at Nationwide Childrens Hospital alone there were about 600 babies hospitalized for RSV last year and more than a thousand infants with the virus were brought to the emergency room.. Parents and caregivers can help prevent RSV in babies by washing their hands often, disinfecting hard ...
http://www.sunburynews.com/features/10785/dangerous-virus-common-in-infants-often-mistaken-for-a-cold
Publications | Life sciences Core FacilitiesPublications | Life sciences Core Facilities
Baron S., Peleg Y., Grunwald J., Morgenstern D., Elad N., Peretz M., Albeck S., Levin Y., Welch J. T., DeWeerd K. A., Schwarz A., Burstein Y., Diskin R., Shakked Z. & Zimhony O. (2018). Expression of a recombinant, 4 -Phosphopantetheinylated, active M-tuberculosis fatty acid synthase I in E-coli. PLoS One. 2018 Sept , 13 (9). ...
http://www.weizmann.ac.il/LS_CoreFacilities/spu-protein-purification/publications
Plant Responses to HypoxiaPlant Responses to Hypoxia
ethylene; Ein2; germination; RbohD; submergence; hypoxia; post-submergence recovery; legumes; plant water relations; shoot to root ratio; Lotus japonicus; leaf greenness; leaf desiccation; stomatal conductance; aerenchyma; auxin; rice (Oryza sativa); root; waterlogging; leaf gas exchange; waterlogging tolerance; organic compound; plant growth; Physalis peruviana L.; anaerobiosis; anoxia; Arabidopsis; flooding; rice; development; apoplastic barrier; barrier to radial oxygen loss (ROL); lignin; Oryza glumaepatula; O. rufipogon; rice (O. sativa); suberin; wild rice; acetolactate synthase; ethanol fermentation; imidazolinones; mode of action; aerobic fermentation; Oryza sativa; Submergence; Activity of antioxidant enzymes; Chlorophyll content; phytoglobin; VII Ethylene Response Factor; PRT6 N-degron pathway of proteolysis; Solanum tuberosum; Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum dulcamara; coleoptile; root hypoxia; oxygen sensing; jasmonate; root meristem; abiotic stress; RNA-seq; transcription factor; ...
https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/68425
Clearfield Rice: Its Not a GMOClearfield Rice: Its Not a GMO
a more natural means can be exported to that country. Because more than 1,000 varieties of a number of crops have already been developed through this technique and grown worldwide over the last 50 years, consumer acceptance of such crops is not an issue. Once Canadas approval is obtained, the rice can be freely exported to all foreign markets. Natural genetic change was used to develop Clearfield rice, which is resistant to the chemical group of herbicides called imidazolinones. These herbicides are new and have significant advantages. The imidazolinone herbicides target a biological mechanism specific to plants. This target, termed the AHAS enzyme, is involved in the production of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine. Plants require the continued production of these amino acids to survive. Imidazolinones work as herbicides because they block the AHAS enzyme, preventing the production of the amino acids. Without these amino acids, the weeds whither and die.. The AHAS enzyme is one of ...
http://www.lsuagcenter.com/portals/communications/publications/agmag/archive/2003/fall/clearfield-rice-its-not-a-gmo
The essentiality of staphylococcal Gcp is independent of its repression of branched-chain amino acids biosynthesis.
Our previous studies revealed that the staphylococcal protein Gcp is essential for bacterial growth; however, the essential function of Gcp remains undefined. In this study, we demonstrated that Gcp plays an important role in the modulation of the br
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/essentiality-staphylococcal-gcp-independent-its/23056478.html
WHEAT PLANTS HAVING INCREASED RESISTANCE TO IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES - Patent applicationWHEAT PLANTS HAVING INCREASED RESISTANCE TO IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES - Patent application
111411DNATriticum aestivum 1tgctgtggcc aacccaggtg ttacagttgt tgacattgat ggtgatggta gtttcctcat 60gaacattcag gagttggcgt tgatccgcat tgagaacctc ccagtgaagg tgatgatatt 120gaacaaccag catctgggaa tggtggtgca gtgggaggat aggttttaca aggccaatcg 180ggcgcacaca taccttggca acccagaaaa tgagagtgag atatatccag attttgtgac 240gattgctaaa ggattcaacg ttccagcagt tcgagtgacg aagaagagcg aagtcactgc 300agcaatcaag aagatgcttg agaccccagg gccatacttg ttggatatca tagtcccgca 360tcaggagcac gtgctgccta tgatcccaaa cggtggtgct ttcaaggaca t 4112168PRTTriticum aestivum 2Ala Gln Tyr Tyr Thr Tyr Lys Arg Pro Arg Gln Trp Leu Ser Ser Ser1 5 10 15Gly Leu Gly Ala Met Gly Phe Gly Leu Pro Ala Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala 20 25 30Val Ala Asn Pro Gly Val Thr Val Val Asp Ile Asp Gly Asp Gly Ser 35 40 45Phe Leu Met Asn Ile Gln Glu Leu Ala Leu Ile Arg Ile Glu Asn Leu 50 55 60Pro Val Lys Val Met Ile Leu Asn Asn Gln His Leu Gly Met Val Val65 70 75 80Gln Trp Glu Asp Arg Phe Tyr Lys Ala Asn Arg Ala His Thr Tyr Leu 85 90 95Gly Asn Pro Glu Asn Glu Ser Glu Ile Tyr Pro Asp ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20110071029
Multiple resistant Galium spurium from Canada, AlbertaMultiple resistant Galium spurium from Canada, Alberta
Classical Mendelian experiments were conducted to determine the genetics and inheritance of quinclorac and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor resistance in a biotype of Galium spurium. Plants were screened with the formulated product of either quinclorac or the ALS-inhibitor, thifensulfuron, at the field dose of 125 or 6 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha-1 respectively. Segregation in the F2 generation indicated that quinclorac resistance was a single, recessive nuclear trait, based on a 1:3 segregation ratio [resistant:susceptible (R:S)]. Resistance to ALS inhibitors was due to a single, dominant nuclear trait, segregating in the F2 generation in a 3:1 ratio (R:S). The genetic models were confirmed by herbicide screens of F1 and backcrosses between the F1 and the S parent. F2 plants that survived quinclorac treatment set seed and the resulting F3 progeny were screened with either herbicide. Quinclorac-treated F3 plants segregated in a 1:0 ratio (R:S), hence F2 progenitors were homozygous for ...
http://weedscience.com/Details/Case.aspx?ResistID=508
SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 1t9d
SWISS-MODEL Template Library (SMTL) entry for 1t9d. Crystal Structure Of Yeast Acetohydroxyacid Synthase In Complex With A Sulfonylurea Herbicide, Metsulfuron methyl
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/templates/1t9d
Lane County Area Spray Schedule - Eugene WeeklyLane County Area Spray Schedule - Eugene Weekly
Roseburg Resources , 541-679-3311, plans to apply urea 46-0-0 fertilizer to 2,289.9 acres near Walton. See ODF notification 2018-781-13020, call Brian Peterson at 541-935-2283 with questions.. • Heidi Sause & Phil Davidson c/o Heidi Sause, 503-799-4245, plans to hire Strata Forestry, 541-726-0845, to spray 143.6 acres near Warthen Road with aminopyralid and metsulfuron methyl, glyphosate, imazapyr & metsulfuron methyl, sulfometuron methyl, triclopyr with ester, Crop Oil Concentrate and/or MSO Concentrate. See ODF notification 2018-781-12879, call Brian Peterson at 541-935-2283 with questions.. • James Fallon, 541-222-0846, plans to hire Straight Line Services, which shares a phone number with Applebee Aviation, 503-647-0404, to spray 88.2 acres near Dorena Lake with aminopyralid and metsulfuron methyl, glyphosate, imazapyr & metsulfuron methyl, sulfometuron methyl, triclopyr with ester, Crop Oil Concentrate and/or MSO Concentrate. See ODF notification 2018-771-12683, call Tim Meehan at ...
https://eugeneweekly.com/2018/10/04/lane-county-area-spray-schedule-5/
Viewing study
Optimum GAT soybean is a genetically modified (GM) soybean containing event DP-356Ø43-5 (356043) that was produced by integration of the coding sequences of the GAT4601 and GM-HRA proteins. In planta expression of these proteins confers tolerance to glyphosate and sulfonylurea/imidazolinone herbicides, respectively. This paper reports the results from a subchronic rat feeding study conducted with 356043 soybeans. Dehulled/defatted toasted meal and toasted ground hulls were prepared from soybeans from untreate plants (356043), herbicide-treated plants (356043 + Gly/SU), non-transgenic isoline control (091), and three commercial non-transgenic reference varieties (93B86, 93B15, and 93M40). Individual diets conforming to standard certified rodent chow formulation (Purina Rodent LabDiet 5002) were prepared with 20% meal (w/w) and 1.5% hulls (w/w). Diets were fed to young adult Sprague-Dawley rats (12/sex/group) for at least 93 days. Compared with rats fed the isoline control or conventional ...
https://genera.biofortified.org/view/Apenzeller2008
Recent acquisition of imprinting at the rodent Sfmbt2 locus correlates with insertion of a large block of miRNAs | BMC Genomics...Recent acquisition of imprinting at the rodent Sfmbt2 locus correlates with insertion of a large block of miRNAs | BMC Genomics...
The Sfmbt2 gene represented an entrée into a new imprinted domain, whose extent was unknown. Our analysis has revealed that it comprises a single coding gene, with a spliced antisense transcript that is transcribed from the first common intron and is also imprinted; this latter is likely a lincRNA [9], and its imprinted expression may reflect open/closed chromatin states of the parental alleles. No other genes tested within 4.3 Mb of Sfmbt2 display monoalleic expression in placenta, and published data from another study indicates that no genes in this domain are imprinted in e9.5 somatic tissues [5]. A recent computational analysis supported placental imprinting of Sfmbt2, using criteria heavily dependent on the two histone marks, H3K4Me3 and H3K27Me3, mentioned above [13]. No other genes within the domain examined in our study passed the computational test in this study, although one could argue that the criteria chosen for the machine learning exercise may have been biased.. The CpG island ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-12-204
Orlando - Baltimore OutloudOrlando - Baltimore Outloud
From 1828 to 1987, the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, commonly referred to as the B&O, was the first common carrier railroad. Today, B&O should mean the Baltimore-to-Orlando flight path. With several daily roundtrip flights, the convenience of sun and fun is only a couple hours away from Charm City. JetBlue, Southwest, and Spirit airlines often offer specials, as low as $140 round-trip. Orlando is nicknamed The City Beautiful and its symbol is the fountain at Lake Eola. It is known for its theme parks - which attracted 68 million visitors in 2016. It is also known for being very friendly […]. ...
http://baltimoreoutloud.com/wp/tag/orlando/
Pore Refining Cleansing Balm With Natural Fruit Acids, Ahas - 100 gmsPore Refining Cleansing Balm With Natural Fruit Acids, Ahas - 100 gms
What are AHAs? AHAs are alpha hydroxy acids - a class of chemical compounds that can be either naturally occurring or synthetic. Many are derived from organic s
https://www.onahealthynote.com/product/pore-refining-cleansing-balm-with-natural-fruit-acids-ahas-100-gms
Formulating with Phytic Acid: A Mild Alternative to AHAsFormulating with Phytic Acid: A Mild Alternative to AHAs
Phytic acid offers multifunctional benefits to skin and is comparable to, and yet milder, than AHAs. However, it can pose challenges to formulatorsmdash;some solutions to which are given here.
https://www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/formulating/category/antiaging/Formulating-with-Phytic-Acid-A-Mild-Alternative-to-AHAs-566496181.html?utm_source=Most+Read&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=Most+Read
RCSB PDB - 1FC4: 2-AMINO-3-KETOBUTYRATE COA LIGASE Methods Report PageRCSB PDB - 1FC4: 2-AMINO-3-KETOBUTYRATE COA LIGASE Methods Report Page
1FC4: Three-dimensional structure of 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate CoA ligase from Escherichia coli complexed with a PLP-substrate intermediate: inferred reaction mechanism.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/materialsAndMethods.do?structureId=1FC4
IHB: Article IIIIHB: Article III
Sect. 1. The Legislative authority of this state, shall be vested in a general assembly, which shall consist of a Senate, and house of Representatives, both to be elected by the people.. Sect. 2. The General Assembly may, within two years after their first meeting, and shall, in the year eighteen hundred and twenty, and every subsequent term of five years, cause an enumeration to be made, of all the white male inhabitants above the age of twenty-one years. The number of Representatives shall, at the several periods of making such enumeration, be fixed by the General Assembly, and apportioned among the several counties, according to the number of white male inhabitants, above twenty-one years of age in each; and shall enver be less than twenty-five nor greater than thirty-six, until the number of white male inhabitants above twenty-one years of age, shall be twenty-two thousand; and after that event, at such ratio, that the whole number of Representatives shall never be less than thirty-six, nor ...
https://www.in.gov/history/about-indiana-history-and-trivia/explore-indiana-history-by-topic/indiana-documents-leading-to-statehood/constitution-of-1816/article-iii/
isang patay na ahas | panaginip.org
Komunikasyon , Komunyon , Invocations , Mga Panalangin , arb. Salat) Upang makita ang sarili na nagsasagawa ng sapilitan na mga panalangin {arb. Fardh) sa isang panaginip ay nangangahulugang pagtanggap ng isang mataas na ranggo ng appointment, espirituwal na pagsulong, pamunuan, namumuno sa mga tao, naghahatid ng isang mensahe, nagsasagawa ng tungkulin, nagbabayad ng dues, pag-on sa tiwala ng isang tao o kasiya-siyang sapilitan na mga gawa at nagtatamasa kapayapaan. Kung nakikita ng isang tao ang kanyang sarili sa isang panaginip na isinasagawa ang isa sa limang sapilitan na mga dalangin, na gumanap ng wastong pagkalipol at wastong nakumpleto ang pagsunod ng tamang kalagayan, pagyuko at pagyuko, na nakatayo nang may paggalang at kabanalan at nakaharap sa Kaaba, ito nangangahulugan na magsasagawa siya ng isang relihiyosong tungkulin o dadalo sa taunang paglalakbay sa Mecca. Nangangahulugan din ito na aalisin niya ang kanyang sarili sa isang hindi makatarungang gawa na siya ay nahulog at magsisi, ...
https://panaginip.org/kahulugan-pangarap-panaginip/isang%20patay%20na%20ahas
Risk assessment of genetically modified carnation SHD-27531-4 (notification C/NL/13/01) - Vitenskapskomiteen for mat og miljø
The flower petals of carnation SHD-27531-4 have a modified colour, a shade of purple (red-purple flowers), whereas the parental variety has pink flowers. The altered colour results from the expression of two newly introduced genes from Petunia x hybrida and Viola hortensis, respectively. The genes encode the enzymes dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase (F3′5′H) that enable biosynthesis of the anthocyanins (pigments) delphinidin and cyanidin in the flower petals. Carnation SHD-27531-4 also contains a mutated herbicide tolerance gene from Nicotiana tabacum, encoding the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), used to facilitate the selection of GM plantlets during the genetic transformation process ...
https://www.vkm.no/english/riskassessments/allpublications/riskassessmentofgeneticallymodifiedcarnationshd275314notificationcnl1301.4.2375207615dac0245aee4123.html
Global expression profiling and physiological characterization of Corynebacterium glutamicum grown in the presence of L-valine
Addition of L-valine (50 to 200 mM) to glucose minimal medium had no effect on the growth of wild-type Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 but inhibited the growth of the derived valine production strain VAL1 [13032 DeltailvA DeltapanBC(pJCilvBNCD)] in a concentration-dependent manner. In order to explore this strain-specific valine effect, genomewide expression profiling was performed using DNA microarrays, which showed that valine caused an increased ilvBN mRNA level in VAL1 but not in the wild type. This unexpected result was confirmed by an increased cellular level of the ilvB protein product, i.e., the large subunit of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), and by an increased AHAS activity of valine-treated VAL1 cells. The conclusion that valine caused the limitation of another branched-chain amino acid was confirmed by showing that high concentrations of L-isoleucine could relieve the valine effect on VAL1 whereas L-leucine had the same effect as valine. The valine-caused isoleucine ...
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/1895107
Amanda Nienow, Professor of ChemistryAmanda Nienow, Professor of Chemistry
My research explores the abiotic fate of agrochemicals in the aquatic environment. I am currently interested specifically in the photochemical fate of herbicides identified by the USGS as emerging agrochemicals. We have examined the photochemistry of imazethapyr, an imidazolinone herbicide in aqueous solution as a function of pH, NOM (natural organic matter) concentration, and wavelength of light. We have also examined the photochemisry of imazethapyr when it is sorbed to plant (corn or soybean) waxes. We are currently funded by the National Science Foundation to extend this work to the entire family of imidazolinone herbicides (see Research tab). We are also still working on the the photochemistry of compounds such as nicosulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide, and flumetsulam ...
http://homepages.gac.edu/~anienow/index.html
My DNA | veni.com |My DNA | veni.com |
I did a research of my DNA from my Fathers side via the Genographic Project of National Geographic. (UPDAYE: heres the maternal DNA report). The results may be surprising for some of the Bulgarian historians and scientists. I am copying some of them below, plus a map of the movement of my grand-grand-grand…parents to the Balkans.. My Y-chromosome results identify me as a member of haplogroup I1b.. The genetic markers that define my ancestral history reach back roughly 60,000 years to the first common marker of all non-African men, M168, and follow my lineage to present day, ending with P37.2, the defining marker of haplogroup I1, and also with the marker M26 (I1b2).. If you look at the map highlighting my ancestors route (see below), you will see that members of haplogroup I1b carry the following Y-chromosome markers:. M168 , M89 , M170 , P37.2 Whats a haplogroup, and why do geneticists concentrate on the Y chromosome in their search for markers? For that matter, whats a marker?. Each of ...
https://blog.veni.com/?p=500&replytocom=587
My DNA | veni.com |My DNA | veni.com |
I did a research of my DNA from my Fathers side via the Genographic Project of National Geographic. (UPDAYE: heres the maternal DNA report). The results may be surprising for some of the Bulgarian historians and scientists. I am copying some of them below, plus a map of the movement of my grand-grand-grand…parents to the Balkans.. My Y-chromosome results identify me as a member of haplogroup I1b.. The genetic markers that define my ancestral history reach back roughly 60,000 years to the first common marker of all non-African men, M168, and follow my lineage to present day, ending with P37.2, the defining marker of haplogroup I1, and also with the marker M26 (I1b2).. If you look at the map highlighting my ancestors route (see below), you will see that members of haplogroup I1b carry the following Y-chromosome markers:. M168 , M89 , M170 , P37.2 Whats a haplogroup, and why do geneticists concentrate on the Y chromosome in their search for markers? For that matter, whats a marker?. Each of ...
https://blog.veni.com/?p=500&replytocom=589
中国科学院水生生物研究所机构知识库(IHB OpenIR): 稀有鮈鲫近交系的遗传质量检测
稀有鮈鲫（Gobiocypris rarus）是我国特有的一种小型鲤科鱼类，隶属鲤形目（Cypriniformes）鲤科（Cyprinidae），仅分布于四川省汉源县、石棉县、都江堰市、双流县、彭州市等地。从1990年开始，中国科学院水生生物研究所以培育鱼类实验动物为目的对其进行了大量的生物学研究，证实了它是培育鱼类实验动物的理想对象，并从饲养管理、品系培育等方面开展实验动物化研究。目前，通过全同胞兄妹交配已近交至第22代，按照实验动物近交系的定义，稀有鮈鲫的近交系已经建立，但需要对其进行遗传质量检测，鉴定近交系。本研究参照哺乳类实验动物的遗传质量监测的方法，从外部形态、骨骼、免疫、生化、分子五个方面对近交系的遗传纯度进行检测，以期获得近交系的遗传背景，建立品系鉴定的方法。 1. ...
http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/12088
RaspberryPi | Libre MechanicsRaspberryPi | Libre Mechanics
This tutorial resume common steps to setup a basic connection for a Raspberry Pi board to the net using SSH, VNC and video streaming from a camera module. Most of this information is broadly available on the internet with this article being a review to easy and particular implementation ...
https://libremechanics.com/?q=taxonomy/term/16&page=1
Herbicide Resistance and its Management | MedCrave
Broadly, two categories of mechanisms operate. The first one involves target site resistance that includes alterations in the herbicide binding site and over-production of the target site. The second category includes non-target site resistance where reduced uptake and enhanced metabolism of the herbicide as well as its sequestration leads to development of resistance. Target site resistances include amino acid substitutions in or around the binding site as in case of AC Case and ALS inhibitors. Most widespread cases of resistances include resistance to inhibitors of photo systems I and II, acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AC Case), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO), carotenoid synthesis, EPSP synthase and mitosis inhibitors. Resistance may also occur due to limitations in translocation of the herbicide molecules to the target site due to their degradation by enzymes. One such group of enzymes include the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Resistance could also be due to more ...
http://googlescholar.medcraveonline.com/scholars/article_fulltext/5421
HRAC Group 5</b> <font size=2> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Poa...HRAC Group 5</b> <font size=2> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Poa...
Annual bluegrass is the most problematic winter annual weed in managed turfgrass. Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides are effective for annual bluegrass control, but reliance on this mode of action can select for herbicide-resistant biotypes. Two annual bluegrass biotypes not controlled with ALS-inhibiting herbicides were reported at golf courses in South Carolina and Georgia. Research was initiated at Clemson University to verify the level of resistance of these biotypes to ALS inhibitors. Two ALS-susceptible (S) and suspected resistant (SCr, GAr) annual bluegrass biotypes were established in a greenhouse. Dose-response experiments were conducted on mature annual bluegrass plants using trifloxysulfuron, foramsulfuron, and bispyribac-sodium, all ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Additionally, a rapid diagnostic ALS activity assay was optimized and conducted using the same herbicides. For dose-response experiments, the rate of herbicide that reduced shoot biomass 50% (I50) values for the S ...
http://www.weedscience.org/Pages/case.aspx?ResistID=449
Group D/22 resistant Poa annua from United KingdomGroup D/22 resistant Poa annua from United Kingdom
Annual bluegrass is the most problematic winter annual weed in managed turfgrass. Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides are effective for annual bluegrass control, but reliance on this mode of action can select for herbicide-resistant biotypes. Two annual bluegrass biotypes not controlled with ALS-inhibiting herbicides were reported at golf courses in South Carolina and Georgia. Research was initiated at Clemson University to verify the level of resistance of these biotypes to ALS inhibitors. Two ALS-susceptible (S) and suspected resistant (SCr, GAr) annual bluegrass biotypes were established in a greenhouse. Dose-response experiments were conducted on mature annual bluegrass plants using trifloxysulfuron, foramsulfuron, and bispyribac-sodium, all ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Additionally, a rapid diagnostic ALS activity assay was optimized and conducted using the same herbicides. For dose-response experiments, the rate of herbicide that reduced shoot biomass 50% (I50) values for the S ...
http://www.weedscience.org/Details/Case.aspx?ResistID=359
Herbicide resistance in grain sorghumHerbicide resistance in grain sorghum
Sorghum acreage is declining throughout the United States because management options and yield have not maintained pace with maize improvements. The most extreme difference has been the absence of herbicide technology development for sorghum over the past twenty years. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of resistance, type of inheritance, and causal mutation of wild sorghums that are resistant to either acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides or acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)-inhibiting herbicides. ACCase-inhibiting herbicides used in this study were aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) family members fluazifop-P and quizalofop-P along with cyclohexanedione (CHD) family members clethodim and sethoxydim. The level of resistance was very high for APP herbicides but low to nonexistent to CHD herbicides. With genetic resistance to APP herbicides, the resistance factors, the ratio of resistance to susceptible, were greater than 54 to 64 for homozygous individuals ...
http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/handle/2097/13069
Herbicides cross resistance of a tribenuron-methyl resistant Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. population in wheat fieldHerbicides cross resistance of a tribenuron-methyl resistant Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. population in wheat field
ZHANG, Lele et al. Herbicides cross resistance of a tribenuron-methyl resistant Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. population in wheat field. Chilean J. Agric. Res. [online]. 2017, vol.77, n.1, pp.65-70. ISSN 0718-5839. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392017000100008.. Shepherds purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris [L.] Medik.) is a troublesome dicot weed that occurs in major wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production areas in China. Tribenuron-methyl failed to control shepherds purse in some fields in Runan County, Henan Province. This study aimed to establish the cross-resistance pattern of a resistant (R) population and explore the potential target-site and non-target-site based resistance mechanisms. Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene sequencing revealed a single nucleotide change of CCT to CGT resulting in the Pro to Arg substitution at amino acid position 197 in resistant individuals. Compared with the susceptible (S) population, R population displayed high level resistance to ...
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0718-58392017000100008&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Proteomic profiling of fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes from oil palm chromoplastProteomic profiling of fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes from oil palm chromoplast
ylation is one of the main regulators of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase complex and stearoyl-ACP-desaturase in increasing the oleic acid level between oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. Tenera) low and high oleic acid varieties. This study utilised advanced proteomic techniques to isolate, detect and identify chromoplast-based phosphorylated proteins associated with the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Sub-organelle isolation using differential centrifugation enriched the chromoplast fraction that contained the fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes before their protein extraction. Gel-based and non-gel based mass spectrometry techniques were then employed to separate and improve the identification of key fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes. Protein expression was analysed using isobaric labelling strategy. Five key enzymes, namely the β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (EC 1.1.1.100), β-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrogenase (EC 4.2.1.58 and 4.2.1.59), 3-enoyl-ACP reductase (EC 1.3.19), β-ketoacyl-ACP ...
https://researcharchive.lincoln.ac.nz/handle/10182/6605
Inhibition of Isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fatty Acid Synthase I by Pyrazinamide Analogs | Antimicrobial Agents and...Inhibition of Isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fatty Acid Synthase I by Pyrazinamide Analogs | Antimicrobial Agents and...
All the PZA or POA analogs studied here were found to inhibit FASI in the cell-free assay, albeit modestly for the nonsubstituted lead compounds PZA and POA. Moreover, the inhibition was concentration and structure dependent, being affected by either substitution at the 5 position or ester or N-alkyl group. 5-Cl-POE and 5-F-POE, as well as the 5-Cl-PZA analogs, were found to be potent inhibitors of purified FASI. The potency of FASI inhibition, however, was strongly dependent upon the structure of the derivative, with substitution at the 5 position of the POA nucleus having the most profound effect on activity. These observations correlate with tests of the susceptibility of mycobacteria to these compounds, i.e., increased inhibition of FASI in our in vitro studies was consistent with lower observed MICs (9). This enhancement could be further modulated by structural variation of the ester or N-alkyl groups in a manner consistent with our previously published results on the inhibition of growth ...
https://aac.asm.org/content/51/7/2430?ijkey=cc2b4e073afc2d007e4fd1f1cd3d4c461e4eb739&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
IPBiz: Judge Robinson rules on summary judgment motions in infringement case of Butamax against Gevo; two year anniversary.IPBiz: Judge Robinson rules on summary judgment motions in infringement case of Butamax against Gevo; two year anniversary.
Butamax suggests that a broad construction is most consistent with the intrinsic evidence and skill in the art, namely, an enzyme that is structurally similar to acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase or ketol acid reductoisomerase [KARI] enzymes 1 known by the EC number 1.1.1.86 2 and that converts acetolactate to 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate. (D.I. 492 at 9) Under this construction, to determine whether an enzyme literally meets the claim term, a skilled artisan would: (1) compare the enzymes amino acid sequence to the sequences of known KARI enzymes having EC number 1.1.1.86 (D.I. 492 at 10; [p. 599] D.I. 494 at ¶ 45); and (2) test the enzyme for activity using a standard KARI assay, e.g., the assay described in a 1969 reference by Arfin & Umbarger 3 (D.I. 492 at 10; D.I. 495 at ¶¶ 41-43). According to Butamax, [t]his two prong analysis, consistent with the intrinsic evidence, allows a skilled artisan to come to a conclusion that an enzyme literally meets the KARI claim element. (D.I. 492 ...
http://ipbiz.blogspot.com/2015/03/judge-robinson-rules-on-summary.html
Ancestral Journeys: Paternal Lineage (Paraguay) - Xavier Cortada Participatory Art Projects
Your Y-chromosome results identify you as a member of haplogroup R1b.. The genetic markers that define your ancestral history reach back roughly 60,000 years to the first common marker of all non-African men, M168, and follow your lineage to present day ending with M343, the defining marker of Haplogroup R1b. If you look at the map highlighting your ancestors route, you will see that members of haplogroup R1b carry the following Y-chromosome markers:. M168 , P143 , M89 , L15 , M9 , M45 , M207 , M173 , M343. (Less is known about some markers than others. What is known about your journey is reflected below.). Today, roughly 70 percent of the men in southern England belong to haplogroup R1b. In parts of Spain and Ireland, that number exceeds 90 percent.. Whats a haplogroup, and why do geneticists concentrate on the Y chromosome in their search for markers? For that matter, whats a marker?. Each of us carries DNA that is a combination of genes passed from both our mother and father, giving us ...
http://www.xaviercortada.com/page/Ancestral_P_Paraguay/Ancestral-Journeys-Paternal-Lineage-Paraguay.htm
Ancestral Journeys: Paternal Lineage (Spain) - Xavier Cortada Participatory Art Projects
Your Y-chromosome results identify you as a member of haplogroup R1b.. The genetic markers that define your ancestral history reach back roughly 60,000 years to the first common marker of all non-African men, M168, and follow your lineage to present day ending with M343, the defining marker of Haplogroup R1b. If you look at the map highlighting your ancestors route, you will see that members of haplogroup R1b carry the following Y-chromosome markers:. M168 , P143 , M89 , L15 , M9 , M45 , M207 , M173 , M343. (Less is known about some markers than others. What is known about your journey is reflected below.). Today, roughly 70 percent of the men in southern England belong to haplogroup R1b. In parts of Spain and Ireland, that number exceeds 90 percent.. Whats a haplogroup, and why do geneticists concentrate on the Y chromosome in their search for markers? For that matter, whats a marker?. Each of us carries DNA that is a combination of genes passed from both our mother and father, giving us ...
http://www.xaviercortada.com/page/Ancestral_P_Spain/Ancestral-Journeys-Paternal-Lineage-Spain.htm
HITRUST security risk assessment - www.hcpro.comHITRUST security risk assessment - www.hcpro.com
There are no federally recognized HIPAA certification standards for covered entities (CE) and business associates (BA) and its unlikely one will be. However, that doesnt stop larger CEs from requiring some form of certification to demonstrate compliance with HIPAA and proof that BAs have implemented sound information security programs. The Health Information Trust Alliance (HITRUST) published its first common security framework (CSF) in March 2009 with the goal of focusing on information security as a core pillar of the broad adoption of health information systems and exchanges. Larger CEs, primarily large health plans, now require their BAs to become HITRUST certified.
http://www.hcpro.com/HIM-327809-162/HITRUST-security-risk-assessment.html
ilvC - Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP(+)) - Methanococcus aeolicus (strain ATCC BAA-1280 / DSM 17508 / OCM 812 / Nankai-3) -...ilvC - Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP(+)) - Methanococcus aeolicus (strain ATCC BAA-1280 / DSM 17508 / OCM 812 / Nankai-3) -...
Involved in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). Catalyzes an alkyl-migration followed by a ketol-acid reduction of (S)-2-acetolactate (S2AL) to yield (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-isovalerate. In the isomerase reaction, S2AL is rearranged via a Mg-dependent methyl migration to produce 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketobutyrate (HMKB). In the reductase reaction, this 2-ketoacid undergoes a metal-dependent reduction by NADPH to yield (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-isovalerate.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A6UW80
AHAs vs BHAs: A Quick Guide - Tropika Club Magazine
AHAs (alpha-hydroxy acids) and BHAs (beta-hydroxy acids) have been gaining traction in the field of skin exfoliation. They have been hailed for their ability to blur fine lines, combat acne, and erase dark spots. But what do they do? And how should you use them? Tropika Club finds out more:
https://magazine.tropika.club/ahas-vs-bhas-a-quick-guide/
Team:Carnegie Mellon/Met-Results - 2012.igem.orgTeam:Carnegie Mellon/Met-Results - 2012.igem.org
The two figures below are plots of representative Spinach and FAP fluorescence over time (from two replicates). The figures compare the fluorescence of three new T7Lac promoters with the wild-type T7Lac promoter, when either 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI) or Malachite Green (MG) was added. DFHBI is a specific fluorogen that binds to Spinach and MG is a specific fluorogen that binds to FAP. Therefore, we assume that there is a positive correlation between fluorescence values and the amount of either RNA and proteins in bacteria. All fluorescence values are normalized by the corresponding OD600 readings. Please refer to the Time-Lapse protocol in the Protocols page for the full experimental details ...
http://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Carnegie_Mellon/Met-Results&direction=next&oldid=248209&printable=yes
Team:Carnegie Mellon/Met-Results - 2012.igem.orgTeam:Carnegie Mellon/Met-Results - 2012.igem.org
The two figures below are plots of representative Spinach and FAP fluorescence over time (from two replicates). The figures compare the fluorescence of three new T7Lac promoters with the wild-type T7Lac promoter, when either 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxybenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI) or Malachite Green (MG) was added. DFHBI is a specific fluorogen that binds to Spinach and MG is a specific fluorogen that binds to FAP. Therefore, we assume that there is a positive correlation between fluorescence values and the amount of either RNA and proteins in bacteria. All fluorescence values are normalized by the corresponding OD600 readings. Please refer to the Time-Lapse protocol in the Protocols page for the full experimental details ...
https://2012.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Carnegie_Mellon/Met-Results&direction=next&oldid=248218
LSHTM Research OnlineLSHTM Research Online
Kreisberg, JF; Ong, NT; Krishna, A; Joseph, TL; Wang, J; Ong, C; Ooi, HA; Sung, JC; Siew, CC; Chang, GC; +8 more... Biot, F; Cuccui, J; Wren, BW; Chan, J; Sivalingam, SP; Zhang, LH; Verma, C; Tan, P; (2013) Growth Inhibition of Pathogenic Bacteria by Sulfonylurea Herbicides. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 57 (3). pp. 1513-7. ISSN 0066-4804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02327-12 Full text not available from this repository ...
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/view/creators/ipmbjcuc.html
Chlorimuron ethylChlorimuron ethyl
Buy and view Chlorimuron ethyl, low-toxicity sulfonylurea herbicide, 90982-32-4, MSDS. Click to view prices and info for Chlorimuron ethyl on TOKU-E
https://www.toku-e.com/Chlorimuron-ethyl-P763.aspx
AHAs and BHA: What Skin Acids Should You Be Using?AHAs and BHA: What Skin Acids Should You Be Using?
Heres the lowdown on five skin acids, including salicylic, glycolic, lactic and more. If youve ever wondered which is best for each skin type, consider this yo...
https://www.beautyheaven.com.au/skin-care/face-scrubs-exfoliators-peels/face-acids-to-use
Understanding Alpha and Beta Hydroxyl Acids in Skin CareUnderstanding Alpha and Beta Hydroxyl Acids in Skin Care
Alpha and Beta hydroxyl acids also known as AHAs and BHAs respectively, are very popular in anti-aging skin care products. These products actually do
http://www.a1articles.com/understanding-alpha-and-beta-hydroxyl-acids-in-skin-care-1021688.html
Acetolactate synthaseAcetolactate synthase
"Entrez Gene:ILVBL ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like". "Acetolactate synthase, chloroplastic (P17597) < InterPro < ... The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid or acetohydroxyacid synthase, abbr. AHAS) is a protein ... Acetolactate synthase, also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, is an enzyme specifically involved in the conversion of ... acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetolactate_synthase
HerbicideHerbicide
ALS inhibitors: Acetolactate synthase (ALS; also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, or AHAS) is part of the first step in the ... When resistance appeared farmers turned to a group of herbicides that block acetolactate synthase. Once again, ryegrass in ... Zhou Q, Liu W, Zhang Y, Liu KK (Oct 2007). "Action mechanisms of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides". Pesticide ... Imazamox, an imidazolinone manufactured by BASF for postemergence application that is an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide
Enzyme inhibitorEnzyme inhibitor
ISBN 978-3-642-59416-8. Chapter 10.2.1: Sulfonylurea acetolactate synthase inhibitors Duke SO (July 1990). "Overview of ... such as the sulfonylureas inhibit the enzyme acetolactate synthase. Both enzymes are needed for plants to make branched-chain ... application to nitric oxide synthase". AAPS PharmSci. 2 (1): 68-77. doi:10.1208/ps020108. PMC 2751003. PMID 11741224. Loo JA, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor
ChlorsulfuronChlorsulfuron
... is an ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor herbicide, and is a sulfonylurea compound. It was discovered by ... Chlorsulfuron is an herbicide of the acetolactate synthase inhibitor (ALS inhibitor) class, HRAC (Herbicide Resistance Action ... the acetolactate synthase target-site mutation Pro-197-Ser - was found by Roux et al 2004 to be accompanied by a 37% recessive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorsulfuron
Leucine-responsive regulatory proteinLeucine-responsive regulatory protein
Lrp alternatively activates and represses the expression of acetolactate synthase's (ALS) several isoenzymes. Lrp, in E. coli, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine-responsive_regulatory_protein
Agricultural weed syndromeAgricultural weed syndrome
Various alleles of ALS - the acetolactate synthase gene - in a variety of species. The same amino acid substitution in all 43 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_weed_syndrome
Acetolactic acidAcetolactic acid
α-Acetolactic acid is produced from two molecules of pyruvic acid by acetolactate synthase. α-Acetolactic acid can also be ... The name α-acetolactate is used for anion (conjugate base), salts, and esters of α-acetolactic acid. Wood, B. J. B.; Holzapfel ... decarboxylated by alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase to produce acetoin. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetolactic_acid
Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylaseOxalyl-CoA decarboxylase
... acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular ... The binding of FAD at this site in acetolactate synthase and the binding of ADP at a cognate site in OXC are thought to play ... Maestri O, Joset F (August 2000). "Regulation by external pH and stationary growth phase of the acetolactate synthase from ... Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase is structurally homologous to acetolactate synthase found in plants and other microorganisms, but OXC ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxalyl-CoA_decarboxylase
PesticidePesticide
These are broad-spectrum herbicides that kill plants weeds or pests by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase. In the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide
Sulfometuron methylSulfometuron methyl
It functions via the inhibitition of acetolactate synthase enzyme, which catalyses the first step in biosynthesis of the ... "The Sulfonylurea Herbicide Sulfometuron Methyl Is an Extremely Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Acetolactate Synthase in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfometuron_methyl
Amino acid synthesisAmino acid synthesis
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase), acetohydroxy ... It begins with the condensation of two equivalents of pyruvate catalyzed by acetohydroxy acid synthase yielding α-acetolactate ... Anthranilate synthase is regulated by the gene products of trpE and trpG. trpE encodes the first subunit, which binds to ... Anthranilate synthase is also regulated by feedback inhibition: tryptophan is a co-repressor to the TrpR repressor. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid_synthesis
Weed controlWeed control
Hoegrass was mostly replaced by a group of herbicides that block acetolactate synthase, again helped by poor application ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weed_control
SulfonylureaSulfonylurea
... specifically via acetolactate synthase inhibition. Compounds in this class include amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron- ... Duggleby RG, McCourt JA, Guddat LW (March 2008). "Structure and mechanism of inhibition of plant acetohydroxyacid synthase". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonylurea
IlvH RNA motifIlvH RNA motif
Specifically, the RNAs are upstream of genes that encode a predicted acetolactate synthase, which is involved in the synthesis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IlvH_RNA_motif
TribenuronTribenuron
... and its mode of action is the inhibition of acetolactate synthase. Formula: 2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribenuron
Amaranthus tuberculatusAmaranthus tuberculatus
Some populations of tall waterhemp have been reported resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibiting (ALS) herbicides and the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranthus_tuberculatus
AmaranthAmaranth
... the southeast of the United States and has already evolved resistances to dinitroaniline herbicides and acetolactate synthase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaranth
WheatWheat
2019 to produce another novel male sterility and Triticum aestivum acetolactate synthase (TaALS) and Triticum aestivum acetyl- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat
FlazasulfuronFlazasulfuron
The mode of action of flazasulfuron is the inhibition of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), which results in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flazasulfuron
ValineValine
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include: Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase) Acetohydroxy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valine
Genome editingGenome editing
In Arabidopsis thaliana, using ZFN-assisted gene targeting, two herbicide-resistant genes (tobacco acetolactate synthase SuRA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing
SchinkiaSchinkia
... hydroxymethylbilane synthase, acetolactate synthase large subunit, hypothetical protein, DEAD/ DEAH box helicase and UDP-N- ... N-acetylalpha-d-glucosaminyl l-malate synthase BshA, YpdA family putative bacillithiol disulfide reductase, penicillin-binding ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schinkia
ALS (disambiguation)ALS (disambiguation)
... a bacterial plant disease Acetolactate synthase, an enzyme Advanced Light Source, a synchrotron radiation facility ALSN, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALS_(disambiguation)
Evolutionary toxicologyEvolutionary toxicology
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibition is a frequent mode of action in many of the most widely used herbicides, with target ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_toxicology
LeucineLeucine
Acetolactate synthase Acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase Dihydroxyacid dehydratase α-Isopropylmalate synthase α-Isopropylmalate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucine
List of EC numbers (EC 2)List of EC numbers (EC 2)
2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase EC 2.2.1.6: acetolactate synthase EC 2.2.1.7: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase EC 2.2. ... 2-ethylmalate synthase EC 2.3.3.7: 3-ethylmalate synthase EC 2.3.3.8: ATP citrate synthase EC 2.3.3.9: malate synthase EC 2.3. ... synthase EC 2.3.3.2: decylcitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.3: citrate (Re)-synthase EC 2.3.3.4: decylhomocitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.5: ... synthase EC 2.4.1.12: cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) EC 2.4.1.13: sucrose synthase EC 2.4.1.14: sucrose-phosphate synthase EC ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)
AHASAHAS
... may refer to: Acetolactate synthase, a protein, abbreviated ALS or AHAS ALS herbicides/AHAS herbicides, ALS inhibitors/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AHAS
IsoleucineIsoleucine
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include: Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase) Acetohydroxy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoleucine
List of EC numbers (EC 4)List of EC numbers (EC 4)
... acetolactate synthase EC 4.1.3.19: Now EC 2.5.1.56 EC 4.1.3.20: Now EC 2.5.1.57 EC 4.1.3.21: Now EC 2.3.3.14 EC 4.1.3.22: ... 11-diene synthase EC 4.2.3.25: S-linalool synthase EC 4.2.3.26: R-linalool synthase EC 4.2.3.27: isoprene synthase EC 4.2.3.28 ... α-santalene synthase EC 4.2.3.83: β-santalene synthase EC 4.2.3.84: 10-epi-γ-eudesmol synthase EC 4.2.3.85: α-eudesmol synthase ... cubebol synthase EC 4.2.3.92: (+)-γ-cadinene synthase EC 4.2.3.93: δ-guaiene synthase EC 4.2.3.94: γ-curcumene synthase EC 4.2. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)
List of enzymesList of enzymes
EC 2.2.1.2 Acetolactate synthase EC 2.2.1.6 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase EC 2.2. ... Thiazole synthase EC 2.8.1.11: Molybdopterin synthase sulfurtransferase EC 2.8.1.12: Molybdopterin synthase EC 2.8.1.13: tRNA- ... Trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase EC 6.2.1.35: ACP-SH:acetate ligase EC 6.2.1.36: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase EC 6.2.1.37: 3- ... Biotin synthase EC 2.8.1.7: Cysteine desulfurase EC 2.8.1.8: Lipoyl synthase EC 2.8.1.9: Molybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enzymes
Threonine ammonia-lyaseThreonine ammonia-lyase
... is a member of the Fold Type II family, also known as the tryptophan synthase family. Though threonine ... Squires CH, Levinthal M, De Felice M (November 1981). "A role for threonine deaminase in the regulation of alpha-acetolactate ... ammonia-lyase does not possess substrate tunneling like tryptophan synthase does, it contains much conserved homology. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine_ammonia-lyase
List of MeSH codes (D08)List of MeSH codes (D08)
... thromboxane-a synthase MeSH D08.811.399.520.100 - 2-acetolactate mutase MeSH D08.811.399.520.250 - chorismate mutase MeSH ... riboflavin synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.825 - spermidine synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.912 - spermine synthase MeSH D08.811. ... acetolactate synthase MeSH D08.811.913.200.650 - transaldolase MeSH D08.811.913.200.825 - transketolase MeSH D08.811.913.225. ... nitric oxide synthase type i MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.500 - nitric oxide synthase type ii MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.750 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)
Branched-chain amino acidBranched-chain amino acid
Acetohydroxyacid synthase is the first enzyme for the parallel pathway performing condensation reaction in both steps - ... condensation of pyruvate to acetolactate in the valine pathway and condensation of pyruvate and 2-ketobutyrate to form ... A series of four more enzymes - isopropylmalate synthase, isopropylmalate isomerase, isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, and ... acetohydroxyacid synthase, ketoacid reductoisomerase, dihydroxyacid dehygrogenase and aminotransferase. Threonine dehydrogenase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branched-chain_amino_acid
List of EC numbers (EC 5)List of EC numbers (EC 5)
... α-seco-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.53: marneral synthase EC 5.4.99.54: β-seco-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.55: δ-amyrin synthase EC ... 2-acetolactate mutase EC 5.4.99.4: 2-methyleneglutarate mutase EC 5.4.99.5: chorismate mutase EC 5.4.99.6: Now EC 5.4.4.2, ... camelliol C synthase EC 5.4.99.39: β-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.40: α-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.41: lupeol synthase EC 5.4.99.42 ... shionone synthase EC 5.4.99.47: parkeol synthase EC 5.4.99.48: achilleol B synthase EC 5.4.99.49: glutinol synthase EC 5.4. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)
PhytotoxinPhytotoxin
ALS Inhibitors affect grasses and dicots by inhibiting the first step in some amino acid synthesis, acetolactate synthesis. The ... enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase enzyme. Photosystem II Inhibitors reduce the electron flow from water to NADPH2+ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytotoxin
Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)-Inhibitor Resistance in Pennsylvania Smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica)Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)-Inhibitor Resistance in Pennsylvania Smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica)
Vijay K. Varanasi, Jason K. Norsworthy, Chad Brabham, and Robert C. Scott "Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)- ... Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors (WSSA Group 2) are one of the most common herbicide sites of action used in many ... Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)-Inhibitor Resistance in Pennsylvania Smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica). ... Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have been extensively used for controlling smartweeds in imidazolinone-resistant and ...
https://bioone.org/journals/weed-science/volume-66/issue-6/wsc.2018.44/Characterization-of-Acetolactate-Synthase-ALS-Inhibitor-Resistance-in-Pennsylvania-Smartweed/10.1017/wsc.2018.44.full
Table of Contents 2012 | International Journal of Agronomy | HindawiTable of Contents 2012 | International Journal of Agronomy | Hindawi
Resistance of Echinochloa crus-galli Populations to Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides. Dilpreet S. Riar , Jason K. ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/contents/year/2012/
3E9Y: Arabidopsis Thaliana Acetohydroxyacid Synthase In Complex With Monosulfuron3E9Y: Arabidopsis Thaliana Acetohydroxyacid Synthase In Complex With Monosulfuron
ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE, CHLOROPLASTIC2-[(2e)-3-[(4-Amino-2-Methylpyrimidin-5-Yl)methyl]-2-(1-Hydroxyethylidene)-4-Methyl-2,3- ... Acetolactate Synthase, Chloroplastic. (Gene symbol: CSR1). Chemicals and Non-standard biopolymers (20 molecules) ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/pdb/3E9Y
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size=2> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Amaranthus palmeri from United...HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Amaranthus palmeri from United...
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ...
https://www.weedscience.org/Pages/case.aspx?ResistID=7780
NC State Extension Publications | Browse by Author: Katie Jennings
Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Inhibitors. By: Doug Goodale, Joe Neal, Katie Jennings 2015. Herbicide Injury Factsheets This ...
https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/catalog/author/6812/katie-jennings
PDF] Improved Performances and Control of Beer Fermentation Using Encapsulated α‐Acetolactate Decarboxylase and Modeling |...PDF] Improved Performances and Control of Beer Fermentation Using Encapsulated α‐Acetolactate Decarboxylase and Modeling |...
... acetolactate decarboxylase. The advantage of immobilized α‐acetolactate decarboxylase versus free enzyme is that it is ... A simple model, focused on α‐acetolactate and diacetyl profiles during beer fermentation, was set up. The simulated profiles ... The use of the enzyme α‐acetolactate decarboxylase allows the acceleration of beer fermentation/maturation because it shunts ... This study shows also that encapsulated α‐acetolactate decarboxylase allows the acceleration of beer fermentation as ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Improved-Performances-and-Control-of-Beer-Using-and-Dulieu-Moll/36106dde1d1f81f5c53f936b6bdf46ee8d236d79
Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible...Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible...
Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible ... Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible ... B. radians collected from 51 different locations that 29 resistant and 22 susceptible populations to Acetolactatae synthase ...
http://agrifoodscience.org/index.php/TURJAF/article/view/1349
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size=2> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Lolium...HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Lolium...
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). 112. Lolium rigidum. Rigid Ryegrass. 5427. ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). 112. Lolium rigidum. Rigid Ryegrass. 10992. ...
https://weedscience.com/Details/case.aspx?ResistID=17137
Recombinant Triticum aestivum Omega-5 gliadin, partial | CSB-EP2020TQN | CusabioRecombinant Triticum aestivum Omega-5 gliadin, partial | CSB-EP2020TQN | Cusabio
Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana Acetolactate synthase, chloroplastic (ALS), partial , CSB-YP321540DOA Cusabio Arabidopsis ... Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana Acetolactate synthase, chloroplastic (ALS), partial , CSB-YP321540DOA , CusabioAlternative ... Recombinant Triticum aestivum Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic (WAXY), partial , CSB-EP333285TQN ... Recombinant Triticum aestivum Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic (WAXY), partial , CSB-EP333285TQN , ...
https://joplink.net/recombinant-triticum-aestivum-omega-5-gliadin-partial-csb-ep2020tqn/
Table 16 Mode of action/chemical group of herbicide active substances - 2021 - Pesticide usage in Scotland: Outdoor Vegetable...Table 16 Mode of action/chemical group of herbicide active substances - 2021 - Pesticide usage in Scotland: Outdoor Vegetable...
Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS Imazamox Imidazolinone 2 11,186 654 All inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS 11,186 ... All inhibition of deoxy-D-xyulose phosphate synthase 4,894 296 Inhibition of VLCFAs Dimethenamid-P α-chloroacetamides 15 446 ... Inhibition of solanesyl diphosphate synthase Aclonifen Diphenyl ether 32 1,934 1,230 All inhibition of solanesyl diphosphate ... Inhibition of deoxy-D-xyulose phosphate synthase Clomazone Isoxazolidinone 13 4,894 296 ...
https://www.gov.scot/publications/pesticide-usage-scotland-outdoor-vegetable-crops-2021/pages/20/
1351A (11351)| GM Approval Database- ISAAA.org
herbicide tolerant acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme. confers tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides and other acetolactate ...
https://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase/event/default.asp?EventID=27&Event=1351A%20
SCOPe 2.08: Domain d1yhya1: 1yhy A:281-459SCOPe 2.08: Domain d1yhya1: 1yhy A:281-459
PDB Compounds: (A:) Acetolactate synthase. SCOPe Domain Sequences for d1yhya1:. Sequence; same for both SEQRES and ATOM records ... Protein Acetohydroxyacid synthase catalytic subunit [69463] (3 species). *. Species Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), ... PDB Description: Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana Acetohydroxyacid synthase In Complex With A Sulfonylurea Herbicide, ... d1yhya1 c.31.1.3 (A:281-459) Acetohydroxyacid synthase catalytic subunit {Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), chloroplast [ ...
https://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=123215
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals carbohydrate and lipid metabolism blocks in Brassica napus L. male sterility induced...Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals carbohydrate and lipid metabolism blocks in Brassica napus L. male sterility induced...
We previously discovered that monosulfuron ester sodium (MES), an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor of the herbicide ... Unraveling the role of fermentation in the mode of action of acetolactate synthase inhibitors by metabolic profiling. J Plant ... We previously discovered that monosulfuron ester sodium (MES), an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor of the herbicide ... MES, Monosulfuron Ester Sodium; ALS, acetolactate synthase; BCAAs: Branch-Chain Amino Acids; AGP, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12864-015-1388-5
List of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by CountryList of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Country
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2). 20226. 17 Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum. Italian Ryegrass. Switzerland. 2018. 41. ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2). PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5). 20227. ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2). PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5). 20228. ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2). PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5). 24249. ...
https://weedscience.org/Summary/Country.aspx?CountryID=41
Sequence search - BRENDA Enzyme DatabaseSequence search - BRENDA Enzyme Database
2 pyruvate = 2-acetolactate + CO2. Other sequences found for EC No. 2.2.1.6 ...
https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/sequences.php?AC=P08142
Frontiers | Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling and Metabolic Analysis Uncover Multiple Molecular Responses of the Grass...Frontiers | Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling and Metabolic Analysis Uncover Multiple Molecular Responses of the Grass...
... resistance to the acetolactate-synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide pyroxsulam in Lolium sp. populations involves a NTSR ... up-regulation of P450 genes in plants resistant to acetolactate-synthase inhibitors. PLoS ONE 8:e63576. doi: 10.1371/journal. ... RNA-Seq analysis of rye-grass transcriptomic response to an herbicide inhibiting acetolactate-synthase identifies transcripts ... PAL, ACC synthase, which catalyzes the synthesis of ACC for ethylene production, and auxin biosynthesis are thought to be co- ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.01124/full
List of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Herbicide Mode of ActionList of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Herbicide Mode of Action
B (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). *C1 (PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders ). *C1 C2 (PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 ...
https://weedscience.com/Summary/MOA.aspx?MOAID=6
Metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for anaerobic isobutanol production | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts |...Metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for anaerobic isobutanol production | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts |...
First, acetolactate synthase (Als, EC2.2.1.6) catalyzes the condensation of two pyruvates to generate acetolactate, which is ... G3P glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Als acetolactate synthase, IlvC ketol-acid reductoisomerase, IlvD dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, ...
https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-020-1654-x
Managing Global Resources and Universal ProcessesManaging Global Resources and Universal Processes
Acetolactate synthase. Sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines. Glutamine synthesis. Glutamine synthetase. ...
https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9780429346132-4
Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) Control in Dicamba Tolerant Soybean...Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) Control in Dicamba Tolerant Soybean...
In 1997, Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) with resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors was reported ...
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=81242
List of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Herbicide Mode of ActionList of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Herbicide Mode of Action
HRAC 2 (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). *HRAC 3 (Inhibition of Microtubule Assembly 2) ...
https://www.weedscience.com/Pages/MOA.aspx?MOAID=30
BindingDB BDBM50424592 CHEMBL2313153::Ethoxysulfuron
TargetAcetolactate synthase catalytic subunit, mitochondrial(Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The University of Queensland. Curated ... Affinity DataKi: 64nMAssay Description:Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae acetohydroxyacid synthase by colorimetric assay ...
https://www.bindingdb.org/rwd/bind/chemsearch/marvin/MolStructure.jsp?monomerid=50424592&tag=rep&fil=tg&enzyme=Acetolactate%20synthase%20catalytic%20subunit,%20mitochondrial&pcid=p50004480&submit=summary
HRAC Group 2</b> <font size=2> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Salsola tragus from United...HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Salsola tragus from United...
Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). Research ... Acetolactate synthase (ALS) target-site mutations in ALS inhibitor-resistant Russian thistle (Salsola tragus). Weed Science 58 ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) United States, California ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). 147. Salsola tragus. Russian-thistle. 5067. ...
https://www.weedscience.org/Details/case.aspx?ResistID=1036
HRAC Group 5</b> <font size=2> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus...HRAC Group 5</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus...
Physiological and molecular basis of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus- ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O). 79. Echinochloa crus- ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis ( HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L). 79 ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). 79. Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli. Barnyardgrass. 5639 ...
https://www.weedscience.org/Details/Case.aspx?ResistID=374
Pesticide Manual Online - BCPC British Crop Production Council : BCPC British Crop Production CouncilPesticide Manual Online - BCPC British Crop Production Council : BCPC British Crop Production Council
Search for Complex III, MET III, nAChR, ALS, acetolactate synthase inhibition, etc. ...
https://www.bcpc.org/product/bcpc-online-pesticide-manual-latest-version
Joshua A Baller - Fingerprint - Experts@MinnesotaJoshua A Baller - Fingerprint - [email protected]
Acetolactate Synthase 20% * Arabidopsis 72% * Astroviridae 25% * Binding Sites 17% * Candida albicans 51% ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/persons/joshua-a-baller/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically
Biomonitoring Summary | CDCBiomonitoring Summary | CDC
Sulfonylureas inhibit the plant enzyme, acetolactate synthase, resulting in impaired branch chain amino acid synthesis, and are ...
https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/SulfonylureaHerbicides_BiomonitoringSummary.html
Phosphate SynthaseInhibitorsEnzymeAcetohydroxyHerbicideCharacterizationPyruvateAcidPopulationsGenesCatalyzesResistantHerbicidesEnzyme acetolactate synthaseInhibitorBiosynthesisResistancePYRUVATEEnzymesArabidopsisGlyphosateGeneAssaysVivoAminoNADH
Phosphate Synthase1
  • Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase). (weedscience.org)
Inhibitors4
  • Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have been extensively used for controlling smartweeds in imidazolinone-resistant and conventional rice. (bioone.org)
  • or ALS Inhibitors) Are chemicals that block the normal function of an enzyme called acetolactate synthase or ALS. (aces.edu)
  • Unraveling the role of fermentation in the mode of action of acetolactate synthase inhibitors by metabolic profiling. (mpg.de)
  • This study summarizes the biology, herbicide tolerance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and recommended chemical alternatives for the control of Centaurea species. (bvsalud.org)
Enzyme5
  • The use of the enzyme α‐acetolactate decarboxylase allows the acceleration of beer fermentation/maturation because it shunts diacetyl formation, whose elimination is the rate‐limiting step of the process. (semanticscholar.org)
  • To obtain a cost reduction by using this exogenous enzyme, we propose a new process involving recoverable encapsulated α‐acetolactate decarboxylase. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Sulfonylureas inhibit the plant enzyme, acetolactate synthase, resulting in impaired branch chain amino acid synthesis, and are generally more potent herbicides than the phenylureas. (cdc.gov)
  • The modes of action of Pindar GT are the inhibition of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (Group B) and inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) (Group E). (corteva.us)
  • A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the biosynthesis of VALINE and the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate in the biosynthesis of ISOLEUCINE . (bvsalud.org)
Acetohydroxy2
  • We here isolated a valine-accumulating sake yeast mutant (K7-V7) and identified a novel amino acid substitution, Ala31Thr, on Ilv6, a regulatory subunit for acetohydroxy acid synthase. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study demonstrated for the first time that an N-terminal arm conserved in the regulatory subunit of fungal acetohydroxy acid synthase is involved in the allosteric regulation by valine. (bvsalud.org)
Herbicide1
  • We previously discovered that monosulfuron ester sodium (MES), an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor of the herbicide sulfonylurea family, can induce rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) male sterility at approximately 1% concentration required for its herbicidal activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization1
  • Characterization of acetolactate decarboxylase of Streptococcus thermophilus and its stereoselectivity in decarboxylation of α-hydroxy-β-ketoacids. (semanticscholar.org)
Pyruvate1
  • Leucine and valine are formed in a common pathway from pyruvate in which the first intermediate is 2-acetolactate, and preliminary analysis indicates that there are four monomers located in each asymmetric unit. (semanticscholar.org)
Acid1
  • Three key genes, BsalsS, EcilvC and EcilvD (encoding acetolactate synthase, acetolactate isomerase and dihydroxy acid dehydratase respectively), were cloned in this study into plasmid pETDuet-1 in order to enhance the synthesis of α-ketoisovalerate in E. coli BL21(DE3). (cnif.cn)
Populations1
  • B. radians collected from 51 different locations that 29 resistant and 22 susceptible populations to Acetolactatae synthase inhibitör herbicides were compared with respect to morphological and biological differences. (agrifoodscience.org)
Genes1
  • Candidate genes, including Ferrochelatase and Acetolactate synthase with SNPs significantly associated with citrulline content were identified and their expression was validated using a real time PCR analysis. (usda.gov)
Catalyzes1
  • Acetolactate decarboxylase catalyzes both enantiomers of α-acetolactate to give a single product, (R)-acetoin, however, the reaction details are still ambiguous. (semanticscholar.org)
Resistant2
  • Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible Wild Bishop (Bifora radians M. Bieb. (agrifoodscience.org)
  • Pursuit (imazethapyr) doesn't control this population of waterhemp because it's resistant to Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) herbicides. (umn.edu)
Herbicides15
  • Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase). (weedscience.org)
  • Acetolactate synthase is the site of action of two sulfonylurea herbicides in higher plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Transformation with a mutant Arabidopsis acetolactate synthase gene renders tobacco resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Authors: Laura R Davies, Nawaporn Onkokesung, Melissa Brazier‐Hicks, Robert Edwards and Stephen Moss (2020) Detection and characterisation of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides in Anisantha and Bromus species in the United Kingdom. (adas.co.uk)
  • In this study, UK populations of four brome species have been tested for the early development of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides commonly used in their control. (adas.co.uk)
  • Detection and characterisation of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides in Anisantha and Bromus species in the United Kingdom Full paper available for download on the Pest Management Science Website. (adas.co.uk)
  • Soybean 305423 was developed through particle bombardment and contains gm-fad2-1 and gm-hra expression cassettes, conferring a high oleic acid profile and tolerance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. (uzh.ch)
  • Herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), the enzyme common to the biosynthesis of the branch-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine), affect many species of higher plants as well as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae. (dirtdoctor.com)
  • Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in Brazil has been documented for 6 species. (netkumar1.co.in)
  • The acetolactate synthase (ALS) protein activity was studied victimization ALS-inhibiting herbicides from 5 totally different chemical families. (netkumar1.co.in)
  • Bensulfuron-methyl resistant Sagittaria trifolia L.: multiple resistance, cross-resistance and molecular basis of resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. (org.rs)
  • Furthermore a number of these glyphosate resistant populations likewise have level of resistance to various other herbicides mostly acetolactate synthase inhibitors [4]. (rmrfotoarts.com)
  • These herbicides will have an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor and could include the names Finesse, Rave, Amber, Glean, and Ally, as examples. (agfaxweedsolutions.com)
  • There is also an emerging over-reliance on herbicides which target the acetolactate-synthase (ALS) enzyme, with increasing evidence that resistant weed populations become more prolific when relying solely on these products. (farmbusiness.co.uk)
  • Different Lolium species, common weeds in cereal fields and fruit orchards in Chile, were reported showing isolated resistance to the acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibiting herbicides in the late 1990s. (udl.cat)
Enzyme acetolactate synthase1
  • it inhibits the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), as a result, amino acid synthesis is blocked in weeds. (kiev.ua)
Inhibitor2
  • Inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase and acetolactate synthase inhibitor. (herbiguide.com.au)
  • DuPont developed its own glyphosate-tolerant trait, Optimum GAT® (OGAT), which was expected to confer tolerance to both glyphosate and acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicide. (wiley.law)
Biosynthesis5
  • Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. (cbd.int)
  • A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the biosynthesis of VALINE and the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate in the biosynthesis of ISOLEUCINE . (nih.gov)
  • The enzyme acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHS), which catalyses the first common step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, leucine and valine, has been demonstrated to be present in Spirulina platensis in two isoenzymic forms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The highest degree of similarity is found with bacterial acetolactate synthases (AHAS), which are enzymes that catalyze the first step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
  • It inhibits the catalysis of Acetolactate synthase (ALS) in the biosynthesis of Valine, Leucine and isoleucine & stops cell division of roots and kills weeds. (dhanuka.com)
Resistance3
  • A single amino acid substitution from Tryptophan 574 to Leucine has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below. (weedscience.org)
  • Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide resistance is common in Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) populations across the Western Australian (WA) grain belt. (weedscience.org)
  • A single amino acid substitution from Aspartate 376 to Glutamate has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below. (weedscience.com)
PYRUVATE1
  • EC 4.1.3.18) catalyzes the following two parallel, physiologically important reactions: condensation of two molecules of pyruvate to form acetolactate (AL), in the pathway to valine and leucine, and condensation of pyruvate plus 2-ketobutyrate to form acetohydroxybutyrate (AHB), in the pathway to isoleucine. (bgu.ac.il)
Enzymes1
  • The model presented here * (available at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/wcfs.html) showed * that the enzymes with the greatest effect on this flux resided * outside the acetolactate synthase branch itself. (nih.gov)
Arabidopsis1
  • Curtis Foreman was the recipient of the Franklin-Holder Award for best presentation in Cell/Molecular Biology for his thesis work finding that "Acetolactate Synthase Regulatory Subunits, AIP1 and AIP3, Play Evolutionary Conserved Albeit Divergent Roles in Arabidopsis Development. (openwetware.org)
Glyphosate3
  • Cada aplicación fue hecha con un volumen de aspersión que varió proporcionalmente a la dosis del herbicida con base en un volumen constante de aspersión de 234 L ha −1 y una dosis de glyphosate de 863 g ae ha −1 . (bioone.org)
  • Al compararse con el testigo no-tratado, glyphosate aplicado en los estados de un hijuelo, diferenciación de panícula (PD), y engrosamiento de la vaina de la hoja bandera, resultó en un mayor daño al cultivo. (bioone.org)
  • Las aplicaciones de glyphosate en los estados de un hijuelo, PD y engrosamiento de la vaina de la hoja bandera, redujeron la altura de la planta al momento de la cosecha y el rendimiento primario y total del cultivo. (bioone.org)
Gene2
  • The coding sequence of the entire acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene of wild radish ( R. raphanistrum ) was determined to be 1758 bp. (weedscience.org)
  • Nucleotide sequence of the yeast ILV2 gene which encodes acetolactate synthase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Assays1
Vivo2
  • An in vivo enzyme assay indicated that acetolactate synthase (ALS) from the R plants required 111 times more chlorsulfuron to inhibit activity by 50% compared with the amount required to have a similar effect on ALS from S plants. (weedscience.org)
  • Feb 08, 2021 The machine circuitos digitales para armar snowbowl snow report flagstaff pozitivno hrt 2 an in vivo acetolactate synthase assay 4563 std code. (abescrime.fr)
Amino1
  • Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids. (weedscience.org)
NADH1
  • Experiments * confirmed the predictions of the model, i.e. knocking out lactate * dehydrogenase and overexpressing NADH oxidase increased the * flux through the acetolactate synthase branch from 0 to 75% * of measured product formation rates. (nih.gov)
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Amaranthus palmeri from United...
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Amaranthus palmeri from United... (weedscience.org)
NC State Extension Publications | Browse by Author: Katie Jennings
NC State Extension Publications | Browse by Author: Katie Jennings (content.ces.ncsu.edu)
PDF] Improved Performances and Control of Beer Fermentation Using Encapsulated α‐Acetolactate Decarboxylase and Modeling |...
PDF] Improved Performances and Control of Beer Fermentation Using Encapsulated α‐Acetolactate Decarboxylase and Modeling |... (semanticscholar.org)
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Lolium...
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Lolium... (weedscience.com)
Recombinant Triticum aestivum Omega-5 gliadin, partial | CSB-EP2020TQN | Cusabio
Recombinant Triticum aestivum Omega-5 gliadin, partial | CSB-EP2020TQN | Cusabio (joplink.net)
SCOPe 2.08: Domain d1ozhd3: 1ozh D:367-555
SCOPe 2.08: Domain d1ozhd3: 1ozh D:367-555 (scop.berkeley.edu)
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals carbohydrate and lipid metabolism blocks in Brassica napus L. male sterility induced...
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals carbohydrate and lipid metabolism blocks in Brassica napus L. male sterility induced... (bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com)
Sequence search - BRENDA Enzyme Database
Sequence search - BRENDA Enzyme Database (brenda-enzymes.org)
Controlling Dinitroaniline-Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Turfgrass
Controlling Dinitroaniline-Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Turfgrass (bioone.org)
Metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for anaerobic isobutanol production | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts |...
Metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for anaerobic isobutanol production | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts |... (biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com)
Managing Global Resources and Universal Processes
Managing Global Resources and Universal Processes (routledgehandbooks.com)
SCOPe 2.08: Domain d2pc6b2: 2pc6 B:1-77
SCOPe 2.08: Domain d2pc6b2: 2pc6 B:1-77 (scop.berkeley.edu)
BindingDB BDBM50424592 CHEMBL2313153::Ethoxysulfuron
BindingDB BDBM50424592 CHEMBL2313153::Ethoxysulfuron (bindingdb.org)
HRAC Group 3</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy K1) </font> resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus...
HRAC Group 3</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy K1) </font> resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus... (weedscience.org)
MpkCCD Transcriptome Database. LKEM, DIR, NHLBI, NIH
MpkCCD Transcriptome Database. LKEM, DIR, NHLBI, NIH (dir.nhlbi.nih.gov)
Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibitor Resistance in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): II-Physiognomy and Photoperiodic Response
Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibitor Resistance in Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus): II-Physiognomy and Photoperiodic Response (bioone.org)
HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Conyza...
HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Conyza... (weedscience.org)
Multiple resistant Lolium rigidum from Spain
Multiple resistant Lolium rigidum from Spain (weedscience.org)
Isoleucine: Health Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, Dosage.
Isoleucine: Health Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, Dosage. (spacedoc.net)
HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Kochia scoparia...
HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Kochia scoparia... (weedscience.com)
Control of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with sequential...
Control of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with sequential... (bioone.org)
SedgeMaster, Quali-Pro, Landscape
SedgeMaster, Quali-Pro, Landscape (horizononline.com)