Acetolactate Synthase: A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the biosynthesis of VALINE and the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate in the biosynthesis of ISOLEUCINE. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.18.Oxo-Acid-Lyases: Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond of a 3-hydroxy acid. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 4.1.3.Herbicides: Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.Sulfonylurea Compounds2-Acetolactate Mutase: An enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine. It converts 2-acetolactate into 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-isovalerate. Also acts on 2-hydroxy-2-acetobutyrate to form 2-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-methylvalerate. EC 5.4.99.3.Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.Pontederiaceae: A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Most species are perennials, native primarily to tropical America. They have creeping rootstocks, fibrous roots, and leaves in clusters at the base of the plant or borne on branched stems. The fruit is a capsule containing many seeds, or a one-seeded winged structure.Herbicide Resistance: Diminished or failed response of PLANTS to HERBICIDES.Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.Amino Acids, Branched-Chain: Amino acids which have a branched carbon chain.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Acetoin: A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidized to carbon dioxide.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.Genes: A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Hydroxybutyrates: Salts and esters of hydroxybutyric acid.Lactates: Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.Klebsiella pneumoniae: Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.Klebsiella Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.Photobioreactors: Devices for generating biological products that use light as the energy source. They are used for controlled BIOMASS production such as growing cyanobacteria, mosses, or algae.Butanols: Isomeric forms and derivatives of butanol (C4H9OH).1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.Fermentation: Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.Autoanalysis: Method of analyzing chemicals using automation.Carbon: A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.Drugs, Chinese Herbal: Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins: Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages.Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide: Carbodiimide cross-linking reagent.Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Ammonia: A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, L-glutamate, and NH3 to ADP, orthophosphate, and L-glutamine. It also acts more slowly on 4-methylene-L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.3.1.2.Amino Acids, Essential: Amino acids that are not synthesized by the human body in amounts sufficient to carry out physiological functions. They are obtained from dietary foodstuffs.Capsella: A plant genus of the family CRUCIFERAE.Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.Organic Agriculture: Systems of agriculture which adhere to nationally regulated standards that restrict the use of pesticides, non-organic fertilizers, genetic engineering, growth hormones, irradiation, antibiotics, and non-organic ANIMAL FEED.Drug Resistance: Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.Ecological Parameter Monitoring: Ongoing collection, analysis, and interpretation of ecological data that is used to assess changes in the components, processes, and overall condition and functioning of an ECOSYSTEM.2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.Food Safety: Activities involved in ensuring the safety of FOOD including avoidance of bacterial and other contamination.3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase: An enzyme of the shikimate pathway of AROMATIC AMINO ACID biosynthesis, it generates 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and ORTHOPHOSPHATE from PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE and shikimate-3-phosphate. The shikimate pathway is present in BACTERIA and PLANTS but not in MAMMALS.Aminobutyrates: Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID that contain one or more amino groups attached to the aliphatic structure. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the aminobutryrate structure.Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase: A carboxylating enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP, acetyl-CoA, and HCO3- to ADP, orthophosphate, and malonyl-CoA. It is a biotinyl-protein that also catalyzes transcarboxylation. The plant enzyme also carboxylates propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 6.4.1.2.Systems Theory: Principles, models, and laws that apply to complex interrelationships and interdependencies of sets of linked components which form a functioning whole, a system. Any system may be composed of components which are systems in their own right (sub-systems), such as several organs within an individual organism.Cardiidae: A family of bivalve MOLLUSKS with heart-shaped shells, commonly known as cockles. Unlike most BIVALVES, cockles are hermaphroditic.Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Biochemical Processes: Chemical reactions or functions, enzymatic activities, and metabolic pathways of living things.Longevity: The normal length of time of an organism's life.
Construction of an L-isoleucine overproducing strain of Escherichia coli K-12. (1/174)
The genes for a threonine deaminase that is resistant to feedback inhibition by L-isoleucine and for an active acetohydroxyacid synthase II were introduced by a plasmid into a L-threonine-producing recombinant strain of Escherichia coli K-12. Analysis of culture broth of the strain using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance suggested that alpha, beta-dihydroxy-beta-methylvalerate (DHMV) and alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate (KMV), the third and the fourth intermediates in the L-isoleucine biosynthetic pathway from L-threonine, respectively, accumulated in the medium in amounts comparable to that of L-isoleucine. The ratio of accumulated L-isoleucine:DHMV:KMV were approximately 2:1:1. The concentration of accumulated L-isoleucine increased by twofold after the additional introduction of the genes for dihyroxyacid dehydratase (DH) and transaminase-B (TA-B), and the intermediates no longer accumulated. The resultant strain TVD5 accumulated 10 g/l of L-isoleucine from 40 g/l of glucose. (+info)Effect of mutagenesis at serine 653 of Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase on the sensitivity to imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. (2/174)
Resistance to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides can occur by mutations in acetohydroxyacid synthase (EC 4.1.3.18). Changing serine 653 to asparagine is known to cause insensitivity to imidazolinones but not to sulfonylureas. Here, S-653 of the Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme was mutated to alanine, threonine and phenylalanine. The purified mutated enzymes resemble wild-type in their enzymatic properties. The threonine and phenylalanine mutants are imidazolinone-resistant and the latter is also slightly sulfonylurea-resistant. The alanine mutant remains sensitive to both herbicides. The results suggest that the beta-hydroxyl group is not required for imidazolinone binding and that the size of the side-chain determines resistance. (+info)Targeted manipulation of maize genes in vivo using chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. (3/174)
Site-specific heritable mutations in maize genes were engineered by introducing chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Two independent targets within the endogenous maize acetohydroxyacid synthase gene sequence were modified in a site-specific fashion, thereby conferring resistance to either imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides. Similarly, an engineered green fluorescence protein transgene was site-specifically modified in vivo. Expression of the introduced inactive green fluorescence protein was restored, and plants containing the modified transgene were regenerated. Progeny analysis indicated Mendelian transmission of the converted transgene. The efficiency of gene conversion mediated by chimeric oligonucleotides in maize was estimated as 10(-4), which is 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than frequencies reported for gene targeting by homologous recombination in plants. The heritable changes in maize genes engineered by this approach create opportunities for basic studies of plant gene function and agricultural trait manipulation and also provide a system for studying mismatch repair mechanisms in maize. (+info)A tool for functional plant genomics: chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides cause in vivo gene-specific mutations. (4/174)
Self-complementary chimeric oligonucleotides (COs) composed of DNA and modified RNA residues were evaluated as a means to (i) create stable, site-specific base substitutions in a nuclear gene and (ii) introduce a frameshift in a nuclear transgene in plant cells. To demonstrate the creation of allele-specific mutations in a member of a gene family, COs were designed to target the codon for Pro-196 of SuRA, a tobacco acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene. An amino acid substitution at Pro-196 of ALS confers a herbicide-resistance phenotype that can be used as a selectable marker in plant cells. COs were designed to contain a 25-nt homology domain comprised of a five-deoxyribonucleotide region (harboring a single base mismatch to the native ALS sequence) flanked by regions each composed of 10 ribonucleotides. After recovery of herbicide-resistant tobacco cells on selective medium, DNA sequence analyses identified base conversions in the ALS gene at the codon for Pro-196. To demonstrate a site-specific insertion of a single base into a targeted gene, COs were used to restore expression of an inactive green fluorescent protein transgene that had been designed to contain a single base deletion. Recovery of fluorescent cells confirmed the deletion correction. Our results demonstrate the application of a technology to modify individual genetic loci by catalyzing either a base substitution or a base addition to specific nuclear genes; this approach should have great utility in the area of plant functional genomics. (+info)Expression vectors for Methanococcus maripaludis: overexpression of acetohydroxyacid synthase and beta-galactosidase. (5/174)
A series of integrative and shuttle expression vectors was developed for use in Methanococcus maripaludis. The integrative expression vectors contained the Methanococcus voltae histone promoter and multiple cloning sites designed for efficient cloning of DNA. Upon transformation, they can be used to overexpress specific homologous genes in M. maripaludis. When tested with ilvBN, which encodes the large and small subunits of acetohydroxyacid synthase, transformants possessed specific activity 13-fold higher than that of the wild type. An expression shuttle vector, based on the cryptic plasmid pURB500 and the components of the integrative vector, was also developed for the expression of heterologous genes in M. maripaludis. The beta-galactosidase gene from Escherichia coli was expressed to approximately 1% of the total cellular protein using this vector. During this work, the genes for the acetohydroxyacid synthase (ilvBN) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (ppsA) were sequenced from a M. maripaludis genomic library. (+info)Deletion of the pyc gene blocks clavulanic acid biosynthesis except in glycerol-containing medium: evidence for two different genes in formation of the C3 unit. (6/174)
The beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid is formed by condensation of a pyruvate-derived C3 unit with a molecule of arginine. A gene (pyc, for pyruvate converting) located upstream of the bls gene in the clavulanic acid gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus encodes a 582-amino-acid protein with domains recognizing pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate that shows 29.9% identity to acetohydroxyacid synthases. Amplification of the pyc gene resulted in an earlier onset and higher production of clavulanic acid. Replacement of the pyc gene with the aph gene did not cause isoleucine-valine auxotrophy in the mutant. The pyc replacement mutant did not produce clavulanic acid in starch-asparagine (SA) or in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) complex medium, suggesting that the pyc gene product is involved in the conversion of pyruvate into the C3 unit of clavulanic acid. However, the beta-lactamase inhibitor was still formed at the same level as in the wild-type strain in defined medium containing D-glycerol, glutamic acid, and proline (GSPG medium) as confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatography and paper chromatography. The production of clavulanic acid by the replacement mutant was dependent on addition of glycerol to the medium, and glycerol-free GSPG medium did not support clavulanic acid biosynthesis, suggesting that an alternative gene product catalyzes the incorporation of glycerol into clavulanic acid in the absence of the Pyc protein. The pyc replacement mutant overproduces cephamycin. (+info)Fermentative metabolism of Bacillus subtilis: physiology and regulation of gene expression. (7/174)
Bacillus subtilis grows in the absence of oxygen using nitrate ammonification and various fermentation processes. Lactate, acetate, and 2,3-butanediol were identified in the growth medium as the major anaerobic fermentation products by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Lactate formation was found to be dependent on the lctEP locus, encoding lactate dehydrogenase and a putative lactate permease. Mutation of lctE results in drastically reduced anaerobic growth independent of the presence of alternative electron acceptors, indicating the importance of NADH reoxidation by lactate dehydrogenase for the overall anaerobic energy metabolism. Anaerobic formation of 2,3-butanediol via acetoin involves acetolactate synthase and decarboxylase encoded by the alsSD operon. Mutation of alsSD has no significant effect on anaerobic growth. Anaerobic acetate synthesis from acetyl coenzyme A requires phosphotransacetylase encoded by pta. Similar to the case for lctEP, mutation of pta significantly reduces anaerobic fermentative and respiratory growth. The expression of both lctEP and alsSD is strongly induced under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic lctEP and alsSD induction was found to be partially dependent on the gene encoding the redox regulator Fnr. The observed fnr dependence might be the result of Fnr-induced arfM (ywiD) transcription and subsequent lctEP and alsSD activation by the regulator ArfM (YwiD). The two-component regulatory system encoded by resDE is also involved in anaerobic lctEP induction. No direct resDE influence on the redox regulation of alsSD was observed. The alternative electron acceptor nitrate represses anaerobic lctEP and alsSD transcription. Nitrate repression requires resDE- and fnr-dependent expression of narGHJI, encoding respiratory nitrate reductase. The gene alsR, encoding a regulator potentially responding to changes of the intracellular pH and to acetate, is essential for anaerobic lctEP and alsSD expression. In agreement with its known aerobic function, no obvious oxygen- or nitrate-dependent pta regulation was observed. A model for the regulation of the anaerobic fermentation genes in B. subtilis is proposed. (+info)Mutagenesis studies on the sensitivity of Escherichia coli acetohydroxyacid synthase II to herbicides and valine. (8/174)
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (EC 4.1.3.18, also known as acetolactate synthase) isoenzyme II from Escherichia coli is inhibited by sulphonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, although it is much less sensitive than the plant enzyme. This isoenzyme is also unusual in that it is not inhibited by valine. Mutating S100 (Ser(100) in one-letter amino acid notation) of the catalytic subunit to proline increases its sensitivity to sulphonylureas, but not to imidazolinones. Mutating P536 to serine, as found in the plant enzyme, had little effect on the properties of the enzyme. Mutating E14 of the regulatory subunit to glycine, either alone or in combination with the H29N (His(29)-->Asn) change, did not affect valine-sensitivity. (+info)ALS inhibitors: the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, or AHAS) is the first step in ... When resistance appeared farmers turned to a group of herbicides that block acetolactate synthase. Once again, ryegrass in ... Imazamox, an imidazolinone manufactured by BASF for postemergence application that is an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor ... "Action mechanisms of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 89 (2): 89-96. doi: ...
"Biosynthesis of 2-aceto-2-hydroxy acids: acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta ... The binding of FAD at this site in acetolactate synthase and the binding of ADP at a cognate site in OXC are thought to play ... Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase is structurally homologous to acetolactate synthase found in plants and other microorganisms, but OXC ... Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase is hypothesized to be evolutionarily related to acetolactate synthase, a TPP-dependent enzyme ...
Lrp alternatively activates and represses the expression of acetolactate synthase's (ALS) several isoenzymes. Lrp, in E. coli, ...
α-Acetolactic acid is produced from two molecules of pyruvic acid by acetolactate synthase. α-Acetolactic acid can also be ... α-Acetolactic acid (α-acetolactate) is a precursor in the biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids valine and leucine. ... decarboxylated by alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase to produce acetoin. Wood, B. J. B.; Holzapfel, W. H. (1995). "Carbohydrate ...
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase), acetohydroxy ... It begins with the condensation of two equivalents of pyruvate catalyzed by acetohydroxy acid synthase yielding α-acetolactate ... Anthranilate synthase is regulated by the gene products of trpE and trpG. trpE encodes the first subunit, which binds to ... In E. coli citrate synthase, the enzyme involved in the condensation reaction initiating the Citric Acid Cycle is strongly ...
Hoegrass was mostly replaced by a group of herbicides that block acetolactate synthase, again helped by poor application ...
It functions via the inhibitition of acetolactate synthase enzyme, which catalyses the first step in biosynthesis of the ... "The Sulfonylurea Herbicide Sulfometuron Methyl Is an Extremely Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Acetolactate Synthase in ...
... and chlorsulfuron are broad-spectrum herbicides that kill plants weeds or pests by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase ...
... such as the sulfonylureas inhibit the enzyme acetolactate synthase. Both these enzymes are needed for plants to make branched- ... application to nitric oxide synthase". AAPS PharmSci. 2 (1): 68-77. doi:10.1208/ps020108. PMC 2751003 . PMID 11741224. Loo JA, ...
... may refer to: Acetolactate synthase, a protein Avian Hazard Advisory System, a bird avoidance model developed by the ...
Tall waterhemp have been reported resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibiting (ALS) herbicides and the triazines, with some ...
... the southeast of the United States and has already evolved resistances to dinitroaniline herbicides and acetolactate synthase ...
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include: Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase) Acetohydroxy ...
In Arabidopsis thaliana, using ZFN-assisted gene targeting, two herbicide-resistant genes (tobacco acetolactate synthase SuRA ...
... an immunological assay Acetolactate synthase, an enzyme Advanced Light Source, a synchrotron radiation facility Advanced Low- ...
Acetolactate synthase Acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase Dihydroxyacid dehydratase α-Isopropylmalate synthase α-Isopropylmalate ...
2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase EC 2.2.1.6: acetolactate synthase EC 2.2.1.7: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase EC 2.2. ... 2-ethylmalate synthase EC 2.3.3.7: 3-ethylmalate synthase EC 2.3.3.8: ATP citrate synthase EC 2.3.3.9: malate synthase EC 2.3. ... synthase EC 2.3.3.2: decylcitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.3: citrate (Re)-synthase EC 2.3.3.4: decylhomocitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.5: ... synthase EC 2.4.1.12: cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) EC 2.4.1.13: sucrose synthase EC 2.4.1.14: sucrose-phosphate synthase EC ...
Acetolactate synthase Stanislav Engel et al, "Column flow reactor using acetohydroxyacid synthase I from Escherichia coli as ... There are also biochemical reactions where enzymes such as Acetohydroxyacid Synthase I from E. coli condense pyruvate and ...
The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, or AHAS) is a protein found in plants and ... bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like". Dailey FE, Cronan JE (February 1986). "Acetohydroxy acid synthase I, a required enzyme ... acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1385 (2): 401-19. doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(98) ... The structure of acetolactate synthase that was used for the picture on this page was determined using X-ray diffraction at ...
... thromboxane-a synthase MeSH D08.811.399.520.100 --- 2-acetolactate mutase MeSH D08.811.399.520.250 --- chorismate mutase MeSH ... riboflavin synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.825 --- spermidine synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.912 --- spermine synthase MeSH ... acetolactate synthase MeSH D08.811.913.200.650 --- transaldolase MeSH D08.811.913.200.825 --- transketolase MeSH D08.811. ... nitric oxide synthase type i MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.500 --- nitric oxide synthase type ii MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772. ...
Acetolactate synthase. *Acyl CoA dehydrogenase. *Apoptosis-inducing factor. *Butyryl CoA dehydrogenase. *Cryptochrome ...
Acetolactate synthase EC 2.2.1.6. *2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase EC 2.2.1.9 ... EC 2.9.1.2: O-phospho-L-seryl-tRNA(Sec):L-selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase ... EC 6.2.1.38: (2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA synthase ...
Huseby, N.E., Christensen, T.B., Olsen, B.R. and Størmer, F.C. (1971). "The pH 6 acetolactate-forming enzyme from Aerobacter ... Barak, Z., Chipman, D.M. and Gollop, N. (1987). "Physiological implications of the specificity of acetohydroxy acid synthase ... Størmer, F.C., Solberg, Y. and Hovig, T. (1969). "The pH 6 acetolactate-forming enzyme from Aerobacter aerogenes. Molecular ...
... camelliol C synthase EC 5.4.99.39: beta-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.40: alpha-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.41: lupeol synthase EC ... 2-acetolactate mutase EC 5.4.99.4: 2-methyleneglutarate mutase EC 5.4.99.5: chorismate mutase EC 5.4.99.6: now EC 5.4.4.2 EC ... shionone synthase EC 5.4.99.47: parkeol synthase EC 5.4.99.48: achilleol B synthase EC 5.4.99.49: glutinol synthase EC 5.4. ... alpha-seco-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.53: marneral synthase EC 5.4.99.54: beta-seco-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.55: delta-amyrin ...
... such as the sulfonylureas inhibit the enzyme acetolactate synthase. Both these enzymes are needed for plants to make branched- ... application to nitric oxide synthase". AAPS pharmSci. 2 (1): E8. doi:10.1208/ps020108. PMC 2751003. PMID 11741224.. ...
Smith S (December 1994). "The animal fatty acid synthase: one gene, one polypeptide, seven enzymes". 》FASEB Journal》 8 (15): ... "Improved performances and control of beer fermentation using encapsulated alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase and modeling". 》 ...
Palavras-chave : Acetolactate synthase; cytochrome P450; mutation; resistance; shepherds purse. · texto em Inglês · Inglês ( ... This is the first report of the acetolactate synthase Pro197Arg mutation in shepherds purse. ... Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene sequencing revealed a single nucleotide change of CCT to CGT resulting in the Pro to Arg ...
A new amino acid substitution (Ala-205-Phe) in acetolactate synthase (ALS) confers broad spectrum resistance to ALS-inhibiting ... Target-site resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in Amaranthus palmeri from Argentina.. Pest ... A novel Pro197Glu substitution in acetolactate synthase (ALS) confers broad-spectrum resistance across ALS inhibitors. ... A novel amino acid substitution Trp574Arg in acetolactate synthase (ALS) confers broad resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides ...
keywords = "Acetohydroxyacid synthase, Acetolactate synthase, Allosteric effects, Fold prediction, Valine inhibition",. author ... Acetohydroxyacid synthase: A proposed structure for regulatory subunits supported by evidence from mutagenesis. Sharon Mendel, ... Acetohydroxyacid synthase: A proposed structure for regulatory subunits supported by evidence from mutagenesis. Journal of ... Acetohydroxyacid synthase : A proposed structure for regulatory subunits supported by evidence from mutagenesis. In: Journal of ...
The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, or AHAS) is a protein found in plants and ... bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like". Dailey FE, Cronan JE (February 1986). "Acetohydroxy acid synthase I, a required enzyme ... acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1385 (2): 401-19. doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(98) ... The structure of acetolactate synthase that was used for the picture on this page was determined using X-ray diffraction at ...
acetolactate synthase 1 regulatory subunit. YP_009585.1. *EC 2.2.1.6. *with IlvB catalyzes the formation of 2-acetolactate from ... acetolactate synthase 1 regulatory subunit. Locus tag. DVU0361. Gene type. protein coding. RefSeq status. REVIEWED. Organism. ... YP_009585.1 acetolactate synthase 1 regulatory subunit [Desulfovibrio vulgaris str. Hildenborough]. See identical proteins and ... DVU0361 acetolactate synthase 1 regulatory subunit [ Desulfovibrio vulgaris str. Hildenborough ] Gene ID: 2793500, updated on ...
... providing one or more acetolactate synthase herbicides, b) applying said one or more acetolactate synthase herbicides to a ... comprising providing one or more acetolactate synthase herbicides, applying said one or more acetolactate synthase herbicides ... comprising one or more mutations in the acetolactate synthase gene such that resistance to one or more acetolactate synthase ... resistant to acetolactate synthase herbicides based on the presence of one or more mutations that confer acetolactate synthase ...
acetolactate synthase 3 catalytic subunit. YP_399158.1. *EC 2.2.1.6. *catalyzes the formation of 2-acetolactate from pyruvate; ... acetolactate synthase 3 catalytic subunit. Locus tag. Synpcc7942_0139. Gene type. protein coding. RefSeq status. REVIEWED. ... Synpcc7942_0139 acetolactate synthase 3 catalytic subunit [ Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 ] Gene ID: 3773479, discontinued ...
acetolactate synthase. File:Acetolactase Synthase.png. Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase ... The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, or AHAS) is a protein found in plants and ... bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like".. *↑ Dailey FE, Cronan JE (February 1986). "Acetohydroxy acid synthase I, a required ... acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1385 (2): 401-19. doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(98) ...
Acetolactate synthase small subunit (ilvH), Acetolactate synthase large subunit (ilvI). *Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP ... Acetolactate synthase small subunit (ilvH), Acetolactate synthase large subunit (ilvI). *Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP ... Acetolactate synthase (Fragment). candidate division WOR-1 bacterium RIFOXYB2_FULL_36_35 ... sp,O85293,ILVI_BUCAP Acetolactate synthase large subunit OS=Buchnera aphidicola subsp. Schizaphis graminum (strain Sg) OX= ...
The Crystal Structures of Klebsiella pneumoniae Acetolactate Synthase with Enzyme-bound Cofactor and with an Unusual ... Description: Acetolactate synthase, catabolic protein , Length: 566 No structure alignment results are available for 1OZF.A, ... The crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae acetolactate synthase with enzyme-bound cofactors. ...
The crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae acetolactate synthase with enzyme-bound cofactor and with an unusual ... Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) are thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes that ... Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) are thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes that ... The crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae acetolactate synthase with enzyme-bound cofactor and with an unusual ...
Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and photosystem II inhibiting herbicides was confirmed in a population of ... 2015, The Author(s). Main Conclusion: This is a first report of an Ala-205-Phe substitution in acetolactate synthase conferring ... A new amino acid substitution (Ala-205-Phe) in acetolactate synthase (ALS) confers broad spectrum resistance to ALS-inhibiting ... in acetolactate synthase (ALS) confers broad spectrum resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, 243(1), 149-159. http://dx.doi. ...
Kawai K, Kaku K, Izawa N, Shimizu T, Fukuda A, Tanaka Y (2007) A novel mutant acetolactate synthase gene from rice cells, which ... Okuzaki A, Shimizu T, Kaku K, Kawai K, Toriyama K (2007) A novel mutated acetolactate synthase gene conferring specific ... Selectable Tolerance to Herbicides by Mutated Acetolactate Synthase Genes Integrated into the Chloroplast Genome of Tobacco. ... To this end, we developed a novel vector system for chloroplast transformation with acetolactate synthase (ALS). ALS catalyzes ...
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the first enzyme in the BCAA synthesis pathway. Although the functional contribution of ALS to ... The first common enzyme in the pathway, acetolactate synthase (ALS, EC 2.2.1.6; also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, AHAS ... Biosynthesis of 2-aceto-2-hydroxy acids: acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1385 ... Action mechanisms of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2007;89(2):89-96.View ArticleGoogle ...
Prohexadione Calcium for Turfgrass Management and Poa annua Control and Molecular Assessment of the Acetolactate Synthase Gene ... Our final objective launched experiments characterizing possible resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting ...
Safeners as Corn Seedling Protectants against Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitors. Milhomme, Henri / Roux, Christophe / Bastide, ...
... acetolactate synthase; [39] pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase; [40] pyruvate formate lyase; [41] alcohol dehydrogenase; [42] ... 2000) V-Type H+-ATPase/synthase from a thermophilic eubacterium, Thermus thermophilus. Subunit structure and operon. J Biol ... to drive ATP synthesis by a sodium-dependent F1F0-type ATP synthase (SI Appendix, Figs. S16B and S17). For glucose fermentation ... citrate synthase; [65] fumarate reductase; [66] aconitase; [67] isocitrate dehydrogenase; [68] Fe-Fe hydrogenase; [69] V-ATPase ...
Specifically, acetolactate synthase catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetolactate, acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase ... 1) the CUP1 promoter (SEQ ID NO:31), acetolactate synthase coding region from Bacillus subtilis (AlsS; SEQ ID NO:32; protein ... This plasmid comprised the following genes, budB encoding acetolactate synthase from Klebsiella pneumoniae (SEQ ID NO:1), ilvC ... A preferred yeast strain expressing an isobutanol pathway has acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity in the cytosol and has ...
Acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18). 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3). pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) ...
The trichome-specific acetolactate synthase NtALS1 gene, is involved in acylsugar biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L ...
Additional index words: Acetolactate synthase, herbicide resistance.. Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase; COC, crop oil ... Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18); fb, followed by; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE ... Abstract: Three studies were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to determine whether acetolactate synthase (ALS)-resistant common ... Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactase synthase (EC 4.1.3.18); DAT, days after treatment; POST, postemergence. ...
ALS inhibitors: the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, or AHAS) is the first step in ... When resistance appeared farmers turned to a group of herbicides that block acetolactate synthase. Once again, ryegrass in ... Imazamox, an imidazolinone manufactured by BASF for postemergence application that is an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor ... "Action mechanisms of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides". Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 89 (2): 89-96. doi: ...
... acetolactate synthase, acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, dihydroxyacid dehydratase, isopropylmalate synthase and isomerase, ... 1. Acetolactate synthase 2. Acetohydroxy acid isomemoreductase 3. Dihydroxyacid dehydratase 4. Valine aminotransferase ... Glycine synthase is used as enzyme in the conversion of N5, or N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate. In this reaction, carbon ...
Cytocidal amino acid starvation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans acetolactate synthase (ilv2{Delta}) mutants is ... The isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzyme acetolactate synthase (Ilv2p) is an attractive antifungal drug target, since the ... Cytocidal amino acid starvation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans acetolactate synthase (ilv2{Delta}) mutants is ...
Acetolactate synthase large subunit IlvG. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain CDC 1551 / Oshkosh) ... Acetolactate synthase large subunit IlvG UniProtKBInterProInteractive Modelling. 547 aa; Sequence (Fasta) Identical sequences: ...
- Valine inhibition of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) plays an important role in regulation of biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in bacteria. (coventry.ac.uk)
- DVU0361 acetolactate synthase 1 regulatory subunit [Desulfovibrio vulgaris str. (nih.gov)
- ILVI_BUCAP Acetolactate synthase large subunit OS=Buchnera aphidicola subsp. (uniprot.org)
- 9. The sorghum hybrid of claim 8, wherein said acetolactate synthase gene as found in ATCC No. PTA-7999 is introduced into said sorghum hybrid by introgression. (freepatentsonline.com)
- The trichome-specific acetolactate synthase NtALS1 gene, is involved in acylsugar biosynthesis in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L. (springer.com)
- To synchronize DSB induction and delivery of the HDR template, we transformed a Cas9 expression construct and GT vector harboring the HDR template with guide RNAs ( gRNA s) targeting the rice acetolactate synthase ( ALS ) gene either separately or sequentially into rice calli. (plantphysiol.org)
- Bartlem D, Lambein I, Okamoto T, Itaya A, Uda Y, Kijima F, Tamaki Y, Nambara E, Naito S (2000) Mutation in the threonine synthase gene results in an over-accumulation of soluble methionine in Arabidopsis. (springer.com)
- We targeted the acetolactate synthase gene (als) that converts pyruvate to acetolactate, to eliminate the production of acetoin and 2, 3-butanodial. (usda.gov)
- The modification of fruit colour was carried out through the insertion of a gene coding for phytoene synthase, which is involved in a key step in lycopene synthesis and two RNAi constructs that were designed to suppress endogenous expression of each of lycopene β-cyclase and lycopene ε-cyclase which convert lycopene to other carotenoids. (cbd.int)
- Charest PJ, Hattori J, DeMoor J, Iyer VN, Miki BL (1990) In vitro study of transgenic tobacco expressing Arabidopsis wild type and mutant acetohydroxyacid synthase genes. (springer.com)
- Additionally the suppression of flowering was carried out through the insertion of an RNAi construct that is intended to suppress endogenous expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase, the penultimate step in ethylene biosynthesis. (cbd.int)
- Susceptibility of acetolactate synthase (ALS) was compared in vitro and in vivo in Anabaena flos-aquae todetermine the mechanism of ALS inhibition by metsulfuron. (cnki.com.cn)
- Point mutation in acetolactate synthase confers sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicide resistance in spiny annual sow-thistle [ Sonchus asper (L.) Hill]. (cabi.org)
- Pioneer's 356043 soybean has been genetically engineered to express modified glyphosate acetyltransferase (GAT46014) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) proteins. (i-sis.org.uk)
- Vencill said within a population of ALS-resistant (acetolactate synthase) Palmer amaranth, selection began for glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. (uga.edu)
- Amir R, Hacham Y, Galili G (2002) Cystathionine gamma-synthase and threonine synthase operate in concert to regulate carbon flow towards methionine in plants. (springer.com)
- In this case, acetolactase synthase is a transketolase, which moves back and forth, having both catabolic and anabolic forms. (wikipedia.org)
- Description Penoxsulam is an acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicide . (brakesband.com)
- This is the first report of the acetolactate synthase Pro197Arg mutation in shepherd's purse. (scielo.cl)
- Inhibits the EPSP synthase, which leads to depletion of essential aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine). (nap.edu)
- Bajo un programa de solamente inhibidores ALS consistiendo de tres aplicaciones anuales de herbicidas imidazolinone (imazethapyr o imazamox) en arroz Clearfield continuo, se predijo la aparición de resistencia después de 4 años con un 80% de riesgo en el año 30. (cambridge.org)
- Cytocidal amino acid starvation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans acetolactate synthase (ilv2{Delta}) mutants is influenced by the carbon source and rapamycin. (duke.edu)
- Catalyzes an alkyl-migration followed by a ketol-acid reduction of (S)-2-acetolactate (S2AL) to yield (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-isovalerate. (uniprot.org)
- Essential components of the E. faecalis respiratory chain-de-methylmenaquinone, cytochrome bd , fumarate reductase, and F 0 F 1 -ATP synthase are described in the chapter. (asmscience.org)
- Echinochloa crus-galli resistente a herbicidas se ha esparcido ampliamente en los sistemas de producción de arroz del centro-sur de los Estados Unidos, dejando pocas opciones efectivas de herbicidas para el control de esta maleza. (cambridge.org)