Acetolactate Synthase
Oxo-Acid-Lyases
Herbicides
2-Acetolactate Mutase
Isoleucine
Pontederiaceae
A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Most species are perennials, native primarily to tropical America. They have creeping rootstocks, fibrous roots, and leaves in clusters at the base of the plant or borne on branched stems. The fruit is a capsule containing many seeds, or a one-seeded winged structure.
Valine
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Acetoin
Mutation
Thiamine Pyrophosphate
Genes
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Construction of an L-isoleucine overproducing strain of Escherichia coli K-12. (1/174)
The genes for a threonine deaminase that is resistant to feedback inhibition by L-isoleucine and for an active acetohydroxyacid synthase II were introduced by a plasmid into a L-threonine-producing recombinant strain of Escherichia coli K-12. Analysis of culture broth of the strain using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance suggested that alpha, beta-dihydroxy-beta-methylvalerate (DHMV) and alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate (KMV), the third and the fourth intermediates in the L-isoleucine biosynthetic pathway from L-threonine, respectively, accumulated in the medium in amounts comparable to that of L-isoleucine. The ratio of accumulated L-isoleucine:DHMV:KMV were approximately 2:1:1. The concentration of accumulated L-isoleucine increased by twofold after the additional introduction of the genes for dihyroxyacid dehydratase (DH) and transaminase-B (TA-B), and the intermediates no longer accumulated. The resultant strain TVD5 accumulated 10 g/l of L-isoleucine from 40 g/l of glucose. (+info)Effect of mutagenesis at serine 653 of Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase on the sensitivity to imidazolinone and sulfonylurea herbicides. (2/174)
Resistance to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides can occur by mutations in acetohydroxyacid synthase (EC 4.1.3.18). Changing serine 653 to asparagine is known to cause insensitivity to imidazolinones but not to sulfonylureas. Here, S-653 of the Arabidopsis thaliana enzyme was mutated to alanine, threonine and phenylalanine. The purified mutated enzymes resemble wild-type in their enzymatic properties. The threonine and phenylalanine mutants are imidazolinone-resistant and the latter is also slightly sulfonylurea-resistant. The alanine mutant remains sensitive to both herbicides. The results suggest that the beta-hydroxyl group is not required for imidazolinone binding and that the size of the side-chain determines resistance. (+info)Targeted manipulation of maize genes in vivo using chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. (3/174)
Site-specific heritable mutations in maize genes were engineered by introducing chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Two independent targets within the endogenous maize acetohydroxyacid synthase gene sequence were modified in a site-specific fashion, thereby conferring resistance to either imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides. Similarly, an engineered green fluorescence protein transgene was site-specifically modified in vivo. Expression of the introduced inactive green fluorescence protein was restored, and plants containing the modified transgene were regenerated. Progeny analysis indicated Mendelian transmission of the converted transgene. The efficiency of gene conversion mediated by chimeric oligonucleotides in maize was estimated as 10(-4), which is 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than frequencies reported for gene targeting by homologous recombination in plants. The heritable changes in maize genes engineered by this approach create opportunities for basic studies of plant gene function and agricultural trait manipulation and also provide a system for studying mismatch repair mechanisms in maize. (+info)A tool for functional plant genomics: chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides cause in vivo gene-specific mutations. (4/174)
Self-complementary chimeric oligonucleotides (COs) composed of DNA and modified RNA residues were evaluated as a means to (i) create stable, site-specific base substitutions in a nuclear gene and (ii) introduce a frameshift in a nuclear transgene in plant cells. To demonstrate the creation of allele-specific mutations in a member of a gene family, COs were designed to target the codon for Pro-196 of SuRA, a tobacco acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene. An amino acid substitution at Pro-196 of ALS confers a herbicide-resistance phenotype that can be used as a selectable marker in plant cells. COs were designed to contain a 25-nt homology domain comprised of a five-deoxyribonucleotide region (harboring a single base mismatch to the native ALS sequence) flanked by regions each composed of 10 ribonucleotides. After recovery of herbicide-resistant tobacco cells on selective medium, DNA sequence analyses identified base conversions in the ALS gene at the codon for Pro-196. To demonstrate a site-specific insertion of a single base into a targeted gene, COs were used to restore expression of an inactive green fluorescent protein transgene that had been designed to contain a single base deletion. Recovery of fluorescent cells confirmed the deletion correction. Our results demonstrate the application of a technology to modify individual genetic loci by catalyzing either a base substitution or a base addition to specific nuclear genes; this approach should have great utility in the area of plant functional genomics. (+info)Expression vectors for Methanococcus maripaludis: overexpression of acetohydroxyacid synthase and beta-galactosidase. (5/174)
A series of integrative and shuttle expression vectors was developed for use in Methanococcus maripaludis. The integrative expression vectors contained the Methanococcus voltae histone promoter and multiple cloning sites designed for efficient cloning of DNA. Upon transformation, they can be used to overexpress specific homologous genes in M. maripaludis. When tested with ilvBN, which encodes the large and small subunits of acetohydroxyacid synthase, transformants possessed specific activity 13-fold higher than that of the wild type. An expression shuttle vector, based on the cryptic plasmid pURB500 and the components of the integrative vector, was also developed for the expression of heterologous genes in M. maripaludis. The beta-galactosidase gene from Escherichia coli was expressed to approximately 1% of the total cellular protein using this vector. During this work, the genes for the acetohydroxyacid synthase (ilvBN) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (ppsA) were sequenced from a M. maripaludis genomic library. (+info)Deletion of the pyc gene blocks clavulanic acid biosynthesis except in glycerol-containing medium: evidence for two different genes in formation of the C3 unit. (6/174)
The beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid is formed by condensation of a pyruvate-derived C3 unit with a molecule of arginine. A gene (pyc, for pyruvate converting) located upstream of the bls gene in the clavulanic acid gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus encodes a 582-amino-acid protein with domains recognizing pyruvate and thiamine pyrophosphate that shows 29.9% identity to acetohydroxyacid synthases. Amplification of the pyc gene resulted in an earlier onset and higher production of clavulanic acid. Replacement of the pyc gene with the aph gene did not cause isoleucine-valine auxotrophy in the mutant. The pyc replacement mutant did not produce clavulanic acid in starch-asparagine (SA) or in Trypticase soy broth (TSB) complex medium, suggesting that the pyc gene product is involved in the conversion of pyruvate into the C3 unit of clavulanic acid. However, the beta-lactamase inhibitor was still formed at the same level as in the wild-type strain in defined medium containing D-glycerol, glutamic acid, and proline (GSPG medium) as confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatography and paper chromatography. The production of clavulanic acid by the replacement mutant was dependent on addition of glycerol to the medium, and glycerol-free GSPG medium did not support clavulanic acid biosynthesis, suggesting that an alternative gene product catalyzes the incorporation of glycerol into clavulanic acid in the absence of the Pyc protein. The pyc replacement mutant overproduces cephamycin. (+info)Fermentative metabolism of Bacillus subtilis: physiology and regulation of gene expression. (7/174)
Bacillus subtilis grows in the absence of oxygen using nitrate ammonification and various fermentation processes. Lactate, acetate, and 2,3-butanediol were identified in the growth medium as the major anaerobic fermentation products by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Lactate formation was found to be dependent on the lctEP locus, encoding lactate dehydrogenase and a putative lactate permease. Mutation of lctE results in drastically reduced anaerobic growth independent of the presence of alternative electron acceptors, indicating the importance of NADH reoxidation by lactate dehydrogenase for the overall anaerobic energy metabolism. Anaerobic formation of 2,3-butanediol via acetoin involves acetolactate synthase and decarboxylase encoded by the alsSD operon. Mutation of alsSD has no significant effect on anaerobic growth. Anaerobic acetate synthesis from acetyl coenzyme A requires phosphotransacetylase encoded by pta. Similar to the case for lctEP, mutation of pta significantly reduces anaerobic fermentative and respiratory growth. The expression of both lctEP and alsSD is strongly induced under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic lctEP and alsSD induction was found to be partially dependent on the gene encoding the redox regulator Fnr. The observed fnr dependence might be the result of Fnr-induced arfM (ywiD) transcription and subsequent lctEP and alsSD activation by the regulator ArfM (YwiD). The two-component regulatory system encoded by resDE is also involved in anaerobic lctEP induction. No direct resDE influence on the redox regulation of alsSD was observed. The alternative electron acceptor nitrate represses anaerobic lctEP and alsSD transcription. Nitrate repression requires resDE- and fnr-dependent expression of narGHJI, encoding respiratory nitrate reductase. The gene alsR, encoding a regulator potentially responding to changes of the intracellular pH and to acetate, is essential for anaerobic lctEP and alsSD expression. In agreement with its known aerobic function, no obvious oxygen- or nitrate-dependent pta regulation was observed. A model for the regulation of the anaerobic fermentation genes in B. subtilis is proposed. (+info)Mutagenesis studies on the sensitivity of Escherichia coli acetohydroxyacid synthase II to herbicides and valine. (8/174)
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (EC 4.1.3.18, also known as acetolactate synthase) isoenzyme II from Escherichia coli is inhibited by sulphonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, although it is much less sensitive than the plant enzyme. This isoenzyme is also unusual in that it is not inhibited by valine. Mutating S100 (Ser(100) in one-letter amino acid notation) of the catalytic subunit to proline increases its sensitivity to sulphonylureas, but not to imidazolinones. Mutating P536 to serine, as found in the plant enzyme, had little effect on the properties of the enzyme. Mutating E14 of the regulatory subunit to glycine, either alone or in combination with the H29N (His(29)-->Asn) change, did not affect valine-sensitivity. (+info)Acetohydroxyacid synthase: A proposed structure for regulatory subunits supported by evidence from mutagenesis<...
Characterization and Management of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibiting Herbicide Resistant Mouse-Ear Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)...
RCSB PDB - 1OZH: The crystal structure of Klebsiella pneumoniae acetolactate synthase with enzyme-bound cofactor and with an...
The acetohydroxyacid synthase gene family its role in herbicide resistant sunflowers
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Acetolactate synthase
"Entrez Gene:ILVBL ilvB (bacterial acetolactate synthase)-like". "Acetolactate synthase, chloroplastic (P17597) < InterPro < ... The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (also known as acetohydroxy acid or acetohydroxyacid synthase, abbr. AHAS) is a protein ... Acetolactate synthase, also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase, is an enzyme specifically involved in the conversion of ... acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular ...
Herbicide
ALS inhibitors: Acetolactate synthase (ALS; also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase, or AHAS) is part of the first step in the ... When resistance appeared farmers turned to a group of herbicides that block acetolactate synthase. Once again, ryegrass in ... Zhou Q, Liu W, Zhang Y, Liu KK (Oct 2007). "Action mechanisms of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides". Pesticide ... Imazamox, an imidazolinone manufactured by BASF for postemergence application that is an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor ...
Enzyme inhibitor
ISBN 978-3-642-59416-8. Chapter 10.2.1: Sulfonylurea acetolactate synthase inhibitors Duke SO (July 1990). "Overview of ... such as the sulfonylureas inhibit the enzyme acetolactate synthase. Both enzymes are needed for plants to make branched-chain ... application to nitric oxide synthase". AAPS PharmSci. 2 (1): 68-77. doi:10.1208/ps020108. PMC 2751003. PMID 11741224. Loo JA, ...
Chlorsulfuron
... is an ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor herbicide, and is a sulfonylurea compound. It was discovered by ... Chlorsulfuron is an herbicide of the acetolactate synthase inhibitor (ALS inhibitor) class, HRAC (Herbicide Resistance Action ... the acetolactate synthase target-site mutation Pro-197-Ser - was found by Roux et al 2004 to be accompanied by a 37% recessive ...
Leucine-responsive regulatory protein
Lrp alternatively activates and represses the expression of acetolactate synthase's (ALS) several isoenzymes. Lrp, in E. coli, ...
Agricultural weed syndrome
Various alleles of ALS - the acetolactate synthase gene - in a variety of species. The same amino acid substitution in all 43 ...
Acetolactic acid
α-Acetolactic acid is produced from two molecules of pyruvic acid by acetolactate synthase. α-Acetolactic acid can also be ... The name α-acetolactate is used for anion (conjugate base), salts, and esters of α-acetolactic acid. Wood, B. J. B.; Holzapfel ... decarboxylated by alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase to produce acetoin. ...
Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase
... acetolactate synthases and acetohydroxyacid synthases". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular ... The binding of FAD at this site in acetolactate synthase and the binding of ADP at a cognate site in OXC are thought to play ... Maestri O, Joset F (August 2000). "Regulation by external pH and stationary growth phase of the acetolactate synthase from ... Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase is structurally homologous to acetolactate synthase found in plants and other microorganisms, but OXC ...
Pesticide
These are broad-spectrum herbicides that kill plants weeds or pests by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase. In the ...
Sulfometuron methyl
It functions via the inhibitition of acetolactate synthase enzyme, which catalyses the first step in biosynthesis of the ... "The Sulfonylurea Herbicide Sulfometuron Methyl Is an Extremely Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Acetolactate Synthase in ...
Amino acid synthesis
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase), acetohydroxy ... It begins with the condensation of two equivalents of pyruvate catalyzed by acetohydroxy acid synthase yielding α-acetolactate ... Anthranilate synthase is regulated by the gene products of trpE and trpG. trpE encodes the first subunit, which binds to ... Anthranilate synthase is also regulated by feedback inhibition: tryptophan is a co-repressor to the TrpR repressor. The ...
Weed control
Hoegrass was mostly replaced by a group of herbicides that block acetolactate synthase, again helped by poor application ...
Sulfonylurea
... specifically via acetolactate synthase inhibition. Compounds in this class include amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron- ... Duggleby RG, McCourt JA, Guddat LW (March 2008). "Structure and mechanism of inhibition of plant acetohydroxyacid synthase". ...
IlvH RNA motif
Specifically, the RNAs are upstream of genes that encode a predicted acetolactate synthase, which is involved in the synthesis ...
Tribenuron
... and its mode of action is the inhibition of acetolactate synthase. Formula: 2-[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) ...
Amaranthus tuberculatus
Some populations of tall waterhemp have been reported resistant to acetolactate synthase inhibiting (ALS) herbicides and the ...
Amaranth
... the southeast of the United States and has already evolved resistances to dinitroaniline herbicides and acetolactate synthase ...
Wheat
2019 to produce another novel male sterility and Triticum aestivum acetolactate synthase (TaALS) and Triticum aestivum acetyl- ...
Flazasulfuron
The mode of action of flazasulfuron is the inhibition of the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), which results in the ...
Valine
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include: Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase) Acetohydroxy ...
Genome editing
In Arabidopsis thaliana, using ZFN-assisted gene targeting, two herbicide-resistant genes (tobacco acetolactate synthase SuRA ...
Schinkia
... hydroxymethylbilane synthase, acetolactate synthase large subunit, hypothetical protein, DEAD/ DEAH box helicase and UDP-N- ... N-acetylalpha-d-glucosaminyl l-malate synthase BshA, YpdA family putative bacillithiol disulfide reductase, penicillin-binding ...
ALS (disambiguation)
... a bacterial plant disease Acetolactate synthase, an enzyme Advanced Light Source, a synchrotron radiation facility ALSN, ...
Evolutionary toxicology
Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibition is a frequent mode of action in many of the most widely used herbicides, with target ...
Leucine
Acetolactate synthase Acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase Dihydroxyacid dehydratase α-Isopropylmalate synthase α-Isopropylmalate ...
List of EC numbers (EC 2)
2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase EC 2.2.1.6: acetolactate synthase EC 2.2.1.7: 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase EC 2.2. ... 2-ethylmalate synthase EC 2.3.3.7: 3-ethylmalate synthase EC 2.3.3.8: ATP citrate synthase EC 2.3.3.9: malate synthase EC 2.3. ... synthase EC 2.3.3.2: decylcitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.3: citrate (Re)-synthase EC 2.3.3.4: decylhomocitrate synthase EC 2.3.3.5: ... synthase EC 2.4.1.12: cellulose synthase (UDP-forming) EC 2.4.1.13: sucrose synthase EC 2.4.1.14: sucrose-phosphate synthase EC ...
AHAS
... may refer to: Acetolactate synthase, a protein, abbreviated ALS or AHAS ALS herbicides/AHAS herbicides, ALS inhibitors/ ...
Isoleucine
Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include: Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase) Acetohydroxy ...
List of EC numbers (EC 4)
... acetolactate synthase EC 4.1.3.19: Now EC 2.5.1.56 EC 4.1.3.20: Now EC 2.5.1.57 EC 4.1.3.21: Now EC 2.3.3.14 EC 4.1.3.22: ... 11-diene synthase EC 4.2.3.25: S-linalool synthase EC 4.2.3.26: R-linalool synthase EC 4.2.3.27: isoprene synthase EC 4.2.3.28 ... α-santalene synthase EC 4.2.3.83: β-santalene synthase EC 4.2.3.84: 10-epi-γ-eudesmol synthase EC 4.2.3.85: α-eudesmol synthase ... cubebol synthase EC 4.2.3.92: (+)-γ-cadinene synthase EC 4.2.3.93: δ-guaiene synthase EC 4.2.3.94: γ-curcumene synthase EC 4.2. ...
List of enzymes
EC 2.2.1.2 Acetolactate synthase EC 2.2.1.6 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase EC 2.2. ... Thiazole synthase EC 2.8.1.11: Molybdopterin synthase sulfurtransferase EC 2.8.1.12: Molybdopterin synthase EC 2.8.1.13: tRNA- ... Trans-feruloyl-CoA synthase EC 6.2.1.35: ACP-SH:acetate ligase EC 6.2.1.36: 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA synthase EC 6.2.1.37: 3- ... Biotin synthase EC 2.8.1.7: Cysteine desulfurase EC 2.8.1.8: Lipoyl synthase EC 2.8.1.9: Molybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferase ...
Threonine ammonia-lyase
... is a member of the Fold Type II family, also known as the tryptophan synthase family. Though threonine ... Squires CH, Levinthal M, De Felice M (November 1981). "A role for threonine deaminase in the regulation of alpha-acetolactate ... ammonia-lyase does not possess substrate tunneling like tryptophan synthase does, it contains much conserved homology. ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... thromboxane-a synthase MeSH D08.811.399.520.100 - 2-acetolactate mutase MeSH D08.811.399.520.250 - chorismate mutase MeSH ... riboflavin synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.825 - spermidine synthase MeSH D08.811.913.225.912 - spermine synthase MeSH D08.811. ... acetolactate synthase MeSH D08.811.913.200.650 - transaldolase MeSH D08.811.913.200.825 - transketolase MeSH D08.811.913.225. ... nitric oxide synthase type i MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.500 - nitric oxide synthase type ii MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.772.750 ...
Branched-chain amino acid
Acetohydroxyacid synthase is the first enzyme for the parallel pathway performing condensation reaction in both steps - ... condensation of pyruvate to acetolactate in the valine pathway and condensation of pyruvate and 2-ketobutyrate to form ... A series of four more enzymes - isopropylmalate synthase, isopropylmalate isomerase, isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, and ... acetohydroxyacid synthase, ketoacid reductoisomerase, dihydroxyacid dehygrogenase and aminotransferase. Threonine dehydrogenase ...
List of EC numbers (EC 5)
... α-seco-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.53: marneral synthase EC 5.4.99.54: β-seco-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.55: δ-amyrin synthase EC ... 2-acetolactate mutase EC 5.4.99.4: 2-methyleneglutarate mutase EC 5.4.99.5: chorismate mutase EC 5.4.99.6: Now EC 5.4.4.2, ... camelliol C synthase EC 5.4.99.39: β-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.40: α-amyrin synthase EC 5.4.99.41: lupeol synthase EC 5.4.99.42 ... shionone synthase EC 5.4.99.47: parkeol synthase EC 5.4.99.48: achilleol B synthase EC 5.4.99.49: glutinol synthase EC 5.4. ...
Phytotoxin
ALS Inhibitors affect grasses and dicots by inhibiting the first step in some amino acid synthesis, acetolactate synthesis. The ... enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase enzyme. Photosystem II Inhibitors reduce the electron flow from water to NADPH2+ ...
Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)-Inhibitor Resistance in Pennsylvania Smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica)
Vijay K. Varanasi, Jason K. Norsworthy, Chad Brabham, and Robert C. Scott "Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)- ... Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors (WSSA Group 2) are one of the most common herbicide sites of action used in many ... Characterization of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)-Inhibitor Resistance in Pennsylvania Smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica). ... Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have been extensively used for controlling smartweeds in imidazolinone-resistant and ...
Table of Contents 2012 | International Journal of Agronomy | Hindawi
3E9Y: Arabidopsis Thaliana Acetohydroxyacid Synthase In Complex With Monosulfuron
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Amaranthus palmeri from United...
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ...
NC State Extension Publications | Browse by Author: Katie Jennings
PDF] Improved Performances and Control of Beer Fermentation Using Encapsulated α‐Acetolactate Decarboxylase and Modeling |...
... acetolactate decarboxylase. The advantage of immobilized α‐acetolactate decarboxylase versus free enzyme is that it is ... A simple model, focused on α‐acetolactate and diacetyl profiles during beer fermentation, was set up. The simulated profiles ... The use of the enzyme α‐acetolactate decarboxylase allows the acceleration of beer fermentation/maturation because it shunts ... This study shows also that encapsulated α‐acetolactate decarboxylase allows the acceleration of beer fermentation as ...
Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible...
Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible ... Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible ... B. radians collected from 51 different locations that 29 resistant and 22 susceptible populations to Acetolactatae synthase ...
HRAC Group 9</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy G) </font> resistant Lolium...
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase ( HRAC ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). 112. Lolium rigidum. Rigid Ryegrass. 5427. ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). 112. Lolium rigidum. Rigid Ryegrass. 10992. ...
Recombinant Triticum aestivum Omega-5 gliadin, partial | CSB-EP2020TQN | Cusabio
Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana Acetolactate synthase, chloroplastic (ALS), partial , CSB-YP321540DOA Cusabio Arabidopsis ... Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana Acetolactate synthase, chloroplastic (ALS), partial , CSB-YP321540DOA , CusabioAlternative ... Recombinant Triticum aestivum Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic (WAXY), partial , CSB-EP333285TQN ... Recombinant Triticum aestivum Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic (WAXY), partial , CSB-EP333285TQN , ...
Table 16 Mode of action/chemical group of herbicide active substances - 2021 - Pesticide usage in Scotland: Outdoor Vegetable...
Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS Imazamox Imidazolinone 2 11,186 654 All inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS 11,186 ... All inhibition of deoxy-D-xyulose phosphate synthase 4,894 296 Inhibition of VLCFAs Dimethenamid-P α-chloroacetamides 15 446 ... Inhibition of solanesyl diphosphate synthase Aclonifen Diphenyl ether 32 1,934 1,230 All inhibition of solanesyl diphosphate ... Inhibition of deoxy-D-xyulose phosphate synthase Clomazone Isoxazolidinone 13 4,894 296 ...
1351A (11351)| GM Approval Database- ISAAA.org
SCOPe 2.08: Domain d1yhya1: 1yhy A:281-459
PDB Compounds: (A:) Acetolactate synthase. SCOPe Domain Sequences for d1yhya1:. Sequence; same for both SEQRES and ATOM records ... Protein Acetohydroxyacid synthase catalytic subunit [69463] (3 species). *. Species Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), ... PDB Description: Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana Acetohydroxyacid synthase In Complex With A Sulfonylurea Herbicide, ... d1yhya1 c.31.1.3 (A:281-459) Acetohydroxyacid synthase catalytic subunit {Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), chloroplast [ ...
Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals carbohydrate and lipid metabolism blocks in Brassica napus L. male sterility induced...
We previously discovered that monosulfuron ester sodium (MES), an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor of the herbicide ... Unraveling the role of fermentation in the mode of action of acetolactate synthase inhibitors by metabolic profiling. J Plant ... We previously discovered that monosulfuron ester sodium (MES), an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor of the herbicide ... MES, Monosulfuron Ester Sodium; ALS, acetolactate synthase; BCAAs: Branch-Chain Amino Acids; AGP, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase ...
List of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Country
Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2). 20226. 17 Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum. Italian Ryegrass. Switzerland. 2018. 41. ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2). PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5). 20227. ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2). PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5). 20228. ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (B/2). PSII inhibitors - Serine 264 Binders (C1 C2/5). 24249. ...
Sequence search - BRENDA Enzyme Database
Frontiers | Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling and Metabolic Analysis Uncover Multiple Molecular Responses of the Grass...
... resistance to the acetolactate-synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicide pyroxsulam in Lolium sp. populations involves a NTSR ... up-regulation of P450 genes in plants resistant to acetolactate-synthase inhibitors. PLoS ONE 8:e63576. doi: 10.1371/journal. ... RNA-Seq analysis of rye-grass transcriptomic response to an herbicide inhibiting acetolactate-synthase identifies transcripts ... PAL, ACC synthase, which catalyzes the synthesis of ACC for ethylene production, and auxin biosynthesis are thought to be co- ...
List of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Herbicide Mode of Action
Metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for anaerobic isobutanol production | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts |...
Managing Global Resources and Universal Processes
Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) Control in Dicamba Tolerant Soybean...
List of Herbicide Resistant Weeds by Herbicide Mode of Action
BindingDB BDBM50424592 CHEMBL2313153::Ethoxysulfuron
HRAC Group 2</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy B) </font> resistant Salsola tragus from United...
Group 2 (Legacy B) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase (Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ). Research ... Acetolactate synthase (ALS) target-site mutations in ALS inhibitor-resistant Russian thistle (Salsola tragus). Weed Science 58 ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B) United States, California ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). 147. Salsola tragus. Russian-thistle. 5067. ...
HRAC Group 5</b> <font size='2'> (Legacy C1 C2) </font> resistant Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus...
Physiological and molecular basis of acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus- ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Auxin Mimics ( HRAC Group 4 (Legacy O). 79. Echinochloa crus- ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). Inhibition of Cellulose Synthesis ( HRAC Group 29 (Legacy L). 79 ... Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase ( HRAC Group 2 (Legacy B). 79. Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli. Barnyardgrass. 5639 ...
Pesticide Manual Online - BCPC British Crop Production Council : BCPC British Crop Production Council
Joshua A Baller - Fingerprint
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Phosphate Synthase1
- Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase). (weedscience.org)
Inhibitors4
- Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have been extensively used for controlling smartweeds in imidazolinone-resistant and conventional rice. (bioone.org)
- or ALS Inhibitors) Are chemicals that block the normal function of an enzyme called acetolactate synthase or ALS. (aces.edu)
- Unraveling the role of fermentation in the mode of action of acetolactate synthase inhibitors by metabolic profiling. (mpg.de)
- This study summarizes the biology, herbicide tolerance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and recommended chemical alternatives for the control of Centaurea species. (bvsalud.org)
Enzyme5
- The use of the enzyme α‐acetolactate decarboxylase allows the acceleration of beer fermentation/maturation because it shunts diacetyl formation, whose elimination is the rate‐limiting step of the process. (semanticscholar.org)
- To obtain a cost reduction by using this exogenous enzyme, we propose a new process involving recoverable encapsulated α‐acetolactate decarboxylase. (semanticscholar.org)
- Sulfonylureas inhibit the plant enzyme, acetolactate synthase, resulting in impaired branch chain amino acid synthesis, and are generally more potent herbicides than the phenylureas. (cdc.gov)
- The modes of action of Pindar GT are the inhibition of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (Group B) and inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) (Group E). (corteva.us)
- A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the biosynthesis of VALINE and the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate in the biosynthesis of ISOLEUCINE . (bvsalud.org)
Acetohydroxy2
- We here isolated a valine-accumulating sake yeast mutant (K7-V7) and identified a novel amino acid substitution, Ala31Thr, on Ilv6, a regulatory subunit for acetohydroxy acid synthase. (bvsalud.org)
- This study demonstrated for the first time that an N-terminal arm conserved in the regulatory subunit of fungal acetohydroxy acid synthase is involved in the allosteric regulation by valine. (bvsalud.org)
Herbicide1
- We previously discovered that monosulfuron ester sodium (MES), an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor of the herbicide sulfonylurea family, can induce rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) male sterility at approximately 1% concentration required for its herbicidal activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Characterization1
- Characterization of acetolactate decarboxylase of Streptococcus thermophilus and its stereoselectivity in decarboxylation of α-hydroxy-β-ketoacids. (semanticscholar.org)
Pyruvate1
- Leucine and valine are formed in a common pathway from pyruvate in which the first intermediate is 2-acetolactate, and preliminary analysis indicates that there are four monomers located in each asymmetric unit. (semanticscholar.org)
Acid1
- Three key genes, BsalsS, EcilvC and EcilvD (encoding acetolactate synthase, acetolactate isomerase and dihydroxy acid dehydratase respectively), were cloned in this study into plasmid pETDuet-1 in order to enhance the synthesis of α-ketoisovalerate in E. coli BL21(DE3). (cnif.cn)
Populations1
- B. radians collected from 51 different locations that 29 resistant and 22 susceptible populations to Acetolactatae synthase inhibitör herbicides were compared with respect to morphological and biological differences. (agrifoodscience.org)
Genes1
- Candidate genes, including Ferrochelatase and Acetolactate synthase with SNPs significantly associated with citrulline content were identified and their expression was validated using a real time PCR analysis. (usda.gov)
Catalyzes1
- Acetolactate decarboxylase catalyzes both enantiomers of α-acetolactate to give a single product, (R)-acetoin, however, the reaction details are still ambiguous. (semanticscholar.org)
Resistant2
- Determination of Morphological and Biological Diversity of Acetolactate Synthase Inhibitor Herbicides Resistant and Susceptible Wild Bishop (Bifora radians M. Bieb. (agrifoodscience.org)
- Pursuit (imazethapyr) doesn't control this population of waterhemp because it's resistant to Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) herbicides. (umn.edu)
Herbicides15
- Group 9 (Legacy G) herbicides are known as Inhibition of Enolpyruvyl Shikimate Phosphate Synthase (Inhibition of EPSP synthase). (weedscience.org)
- Acetolactate synthase is the site of action of two sulfonylurea herbicides in higher plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Transformation with a mutant Arabidopsis acetolactate synthase gene renders tobacco resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Authors: Laura R Davies, Nawaporn Onkokesung, Melissa Brazier‐Hicks, Robert Edwards and Stephen Moss (2020) Detection and characterisation of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides in Anisantha and Bromus species in the United Kingdom. (adas.co.uk)
- In this study, UK populations of four brome species have been tested for the early development of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides commonly used in their control. (adas.co.uk)
- Detection and characterisation of resistance to acetolactate synthase inhibiting herbicides in Anisantha and Bromus species in the United Kingdom Full paper available for download on the Pest Management Science Website. (adas.co.uk)
- Soybean 305423 was developed through particle bombardment and contains gm-fad2-1 and gm-hra expression cassettes, conferring a high oleic acid profile and tolerance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. (uzh.ch)
- Herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), the enzyme common to the biosynthesis of the branch-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine), affect many species of higher plants as well as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae. (dirtdoctor.com)
- Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in Brazil has been documented for 6 species. (netkumar1.co.in)
- The acetolactate synthase (ALS) protein activity was studied victimization ALS-inhibiting herbicides from 5 totally different chemical families. (netkumar1.co.in)
- Bensulfuron-methyl resistant Sagittaria trifolia L.: multiple resistance, cross-resistance and molecular basis of resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. (org.rs)
- Furthermore a number of these glyphosate resistant populations likewise have level of resistance to various other herbicides mostly acetolactate synthase inhibitors [4]. (rmrfotoarts.com)
- These herbicides will have an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor and could include the names Finesse, Rave, Amber, Glean, and Ally, as examples. (agfaxweedsolutions.com)
- There is also an emerging over-reliance on herbicides which target the acetolactate-synthase (ALS) enzyme, with increasing evidence that resistant weed populations become more prolific when relying solely on these products. (farmbusiness.co.uk)
- Different Lolium species, common weeds in cereal fields and fruit orchards in Chile, were reported showing isolated resistance to the acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase), acetolactate synthase (ALS) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibiting herbicides in the late 1990s. (udl.cat)
Enzyme acetolactate synthase1
- it inhibits the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), as a result, amino acid synthesis is blocked in weeds. (kiev.ua)
Inhibitor2
- Inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase and acetolactate synthase inhibitor. (herbiguide.com.au)
- DuPont developed its own glyphosate-tolerant trait, Optimum GAT® (OGAT), which was expected to confer tolerance to both glyphosate and acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicide. (wiley.law)
Biosynthesis5
- Acetolactate synthase (ALS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. (cbd.int)
- A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from 2 moles of PYRUVATE in the biosynthesis of VALINE and the formation of acetohydroxybutyrate from pyruvate and alpha-ketobutyrate in the biosynthesis of ISOLEUCINE . (nih.gov)
- The enzyme acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHS), which catalyses the first common step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, leucine and valine, has been demonstrated to be present in Spirulina platensis in two isoenzymic forms. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The highest degree of similarity is found with bacterial acetolactate synthases (AHAS), which are enzymes that catalyze the first step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. (nih.gov)
- It inhibits the catalysis of Acetolactate synthase (ALS) in the biosynthesis of Valine, Leucine and isoleucine & stops cell division of roots and kills weeds. (dhanuka.com)
Resistance3
- A single amino acid substitution from Tryptophan 574 to Leucine has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below. (weedscience.org)
- Acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide resistance is common in Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) populations across the Western Australian (WA) grain belt. (weedscience.org)
- A single amino acid substitution from Aspartate 376 to Glutamate has led to resistance to Inhibition of Acetolactate Synthase as indicated in the table below. (weedscience.com)
PYRUVATE1
- EC 4.1.3.18) catalyzes the following two parallel, physiologically important reactions: condensation of two molecules of pyruvate to form acetolactate (AL), in the pathway to valine and leucine, and condensation of pyruvate plus 2-ketobutyrate to form acetohydroxybutyrate (AHB), in the pathway to isoleucine. (bgu.ac.il)
Enzymes1
- The model presented here * (available at http://jjj.biochem.sun.ac.za/wcfs.html) showed * that the enzymes with the greatest effect on this flux resided * outside the acetolactate synthase branch itself. (nih.gov)
Arabidopsis1
- Curtis Foreman was the recipient of the Franklin-Holder Award for best presentation in Cell/Molecular Biology for his thesis work finding that "Acetolactate Synthase Regulatory Subunits, AIP1 and AIP3, Play Evolutionary Conserved Albeit Divergent Roles in Arabidopsis Development. (openwetware.org)
Glyphosate3
- Cada aplicación fue hecha con un volumen de aspersión que varió proporcionalmente a la dosis del herbicida con base en un volumen constante de aspersión de 234 L ha −1 y una dosis de glyphosate de 863 g ae ha −1 . (bioone.org)
- Al compararse con el testigo no-tratado, glyphosate aplicado en los estados de un hijuelo, diferenciación de panícula (PD), y engrosamiento de la vaina de la hoja bandera, resultó en un mayor daño al cultivo. (bioone.org)
- Las aplicaciones de glyphosate en los estados de un hijuelo, PD y engrosamiento de la vaina de la hoja bandera, redujeron la altura de la planta al momento de la cosecha y el rendimiento primario y total del cultivo. (bioone.org)
Gene2
- The coding sequence of the entire acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene of wild radish ( R. raphanistrum ) was determined to be 1758 bp. (weedscience.org)
- Nucleotide sequence of the yeast ILV2 gene which encodes acetolactate synthase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Assays1
- Purification and assays of acetolactate synthase I from Escherichia coli K12. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Vivo2
- An in vivo enzyme assay indicated that acetolactate synthase (ALS) from the R plants required 111 times more chlorsulfuron to inhibit activity by 50% compared with the amount required to have a similar effect on ALS from S plants. (weedscience.org)
- Feb 08, 2021 The machine circuitos digitales para armar snowbowl snow report flagstaff pozitivno hrt 2 an in vivo acetolactate synthase assay 4563 std code. (abescrime.fr)
Amino1
- Acetolactate synthase (ALS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids. (weedscience.org)
NADH1
- Experiments * confirmed the predictions of the model, i.e. knocking out lactate * dehydrogenase and overexpressing NADH oxidase increased the * flux through the acetolactate synthase branch from 0 to 75% * of measured product formation rates. (nih.gov)