Acetate kinase. Medical search

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP with the formation of acetylphosphate and ADP. It is important in the glycolysis process. EC 2.7.2.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. EC 2.3.1.8.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

A genus of anaerobic, irregular spheroid-shaped METHANOSARCINALES whose organisms are nonmotile. Endospores are not formed. These archaea derive energy via formation of methane from acetate, methanol, mono-, di-, and trimethylamine, and possibly, carbon monoxide. Organisms are isolated from freshwater and marine environments.

Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.

A class of enzymes that transfers phosphate groups and has a carboxyl group as an acceptor. EC 2.7.2.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic cocci parasitic in the mouth and in the intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP, acetate, and CoA to form AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl CoA. It acts also on propionates and acrylates. EC 6.2.1.1.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group onto a nitrogenous group acceptor. EC 2.7.3.

The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.

Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

The procedures involved in combining separately developed modules, components, or subsystems so that they work together as a complete system. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

A species of ciliate protozoa used in genetic and cytological research.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of bacteria, and BACTERIAL INFECTIONS.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.

An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.

A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that coordinates the activation of CYCLIN and CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES during the CELL CYCLE. It interacts with active CYCLIN D complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 4 in proliferating cells, while in arrested cells it binds and inhibits CYCLIN E complexed to CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 2.

A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)

Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A family of intracellular CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that play a role in regulating INFLAMMATION and APOPTOSIS. They specifically cleave peptides at a CYSTEINE amino acid that follows an ASPARTIC ACID residue. Caspases are activated by proteolytic cleavage of a precursor form to yield large and small subunits that form the enzyme. Since the cleavage site within precursors matches the specificity of caspases, sequential activation of precursors by activated caspases can occur.

The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.

Purification and characterization of two extremely thermostable enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase, from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima. (1/86)

Phosphate acetyltransferase (PTA) and acetate kinase (AK) of the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima have been purified 1,500- and 250-fold, respectively, to apparent homogeneity. PTA had an apparent molecular mass of 170 kDa and was composed of one subunit with a molecular mass of 34 kDa, suggesting a homotetramer (alpha4) structure. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed significant identity to that of phosphate butyryltransferases from Clostridium acetobutylicum rather than to those of known phosphate acetyltransferases. The kinetic constants of the reversible enzyme reaction (acetyl-CoA + Pi -->/<-- acetyl phosphate + CoA) were determined at the pH optimum of pH 6.5. The apparent Km values for acetyl-CoA, Pi, acetyl phosphate, and coenzyme A (CoA) were 23, 110, 24, and 30 microM, respectively; the apparent Vmax values (at 55 degrees C) were 260 U/mg (acetyl phosphate formation) and 570 U/mg (acetyl-CoA formation). In addition to acetyl-CoA (100%), the enzyme accepted propionyl-CoA (60%) and butyryl-CoA (30%). The enzyme had a temperature optimum at 90 degrees C and was not inactivated by heat upon incubation at 80 degrees C for more than 2 h. AK had an apparent molecular mass of 90 kDa and consisted of one 44-kDa subunit, indicating a homodimer (alpha2) structure. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed significant similarity to those of all known acetate kinases from eubacteria as well that of the archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila. The kinetic constants of the reversible enzyme reaction (acetyl phosphate + ADP -->/<-- acetate + ATP) were determined at the pH optimum of pH 7.0. The apparent Km values for acetyl phosphate, ADP, acetate, and ATP were 0.44, 3, 40, and 0.7 mM, respectively; the apparent Vmax values (at 50 degrees C) were 2,600 U/mg (acetate formation) and 1,800 U/mg (acetyl phosphate formation). AK phosphorylated propionate (54%) in addition to acetate (100%) and used GTP (100%), ITP (163%), UTP (56%), and CTP (21%) as phosphoryl donors in addition to ATP (100%). Divalent cations were required for activity, with Mn2+ and Mg2+ being most effective. The enzyme had a temperature optimum at 90 degrees C and was stabilized against heat inactivation by salts. In the presence of (NH4)2SO4 (1 M), which was most effective, the enzyme did not lose activity upon incubation at 100 degrees C for 3 h. The temperature optimum at 90 degrees C and the high thermostability of both PTA and AK are in accordance with their physiological function under hyperthermophilic conditions. (+info)

Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (2/86)

The Corynebacterium glutamicum ack and pta genes encoding the acetate-activating enzymes acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase were isolated, subcloned on a plasmid and re-introduced into Corynebacterium glutamicum. Relative to the wild-type, the recombinant strains showed about tenfold higher specific activities of both enzymes. Sequence analysis of a 3657 bp DNA fragment revealed that the ack and pta genes are contiguous in the corynebacterial chromosome, with pta upstream and the last nucleotide of the pta stop codon (TAA) overlapping the first of the ack start codon (ATG). The predicted gene product of pta consists of 329 amino acids (Mr 35242), that of ack consists of 397 amino acids (Mr 43098) and the amino acid sequences of the two polypeptides show up to 60 % (phosphotransacetylase) and 53% (acetate kinase) identity in comparison with respective enzymes from other organisms. Northern (RNA) blot hybridizations using pta- and ack-specific probes and transcriptional cat fusion experiments revealed that the two genes are transcribed as a 2.5 kb bicistronic mRNA and that the expression of this operon is induced when Corynebacterium glutamicum grows on acetate instead of glucose as a carbon source. Directed inactivation of the chromosomal pta and ack genes led to the absence of detectable phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase activity in the respective mutants and to their inability to grow on acetate. These data indicate that no isoenzymes of acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase are present in Corynebacterium glutamicum and that a functional acetate kinase/phosphotransacetylase pathway is essential for growth of this organism on acetate. (+info)

Genes coding for phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase in Sinorhizobium meliloti are in an operon that is inducible by phosphate stress and controlled by phoB. (3/86)

Recent work in this laboratory has shown that the gene coding for acetate kinase (ackA) in Sinorhizobium meliloti is up-regulated in response to phosphate limitation. Characterization of the region surrounding ackA revealed that it is adjacent to pta, which codes for phosphotransacetylase, and that these two genes are part of an operon composed of at least two additional genes in the following order: an open reading frame (orfA), pta, ackA, and the partial sequence of a gene with an inferred peptide that has a high degree of homology to enoyl-ACP reductase (fabI). Experiments combining enzyme assays, a chromosomal lacZ::ackA transcriptional fusion, complementation analysis with cosmid subclones, and the creation of mutations in pta and ackA all indicated that the orfA-pta-ackA-fabI genes are cotranscribed in response to phosphate starvation. Primer extension was used to map the position of the phosphate starvation-inducible transcriptional start sites upstream of orfA. The start sites were found to be preceded by a sequence having similarity to PHO boxes from other phosphate-regulated genes in S. meliloti and to the consensus PHO box in Escherichia coli. Introduction of a phoB mutation in the wild-type strain eliminated elevated levels of acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase activities in response to phosphate limitation and also eliminated the phosphate stress-induced up-regulation of the ackA::lacZ fusion. Mutations in either ackA alone or both pta and ackA did not affect the nodulation or nitrogen fixation phenotype of S. meliloti. (+info)

Homofermentative production of D- or L-lactate in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli RR1. (4/86)

We investigated metabolic engineering of fermentation pathways in Escherichia coli for production of optically pure D- or L-lactate. Several pta mutant strains were examined, and a pta mutant of E. coli RR1 which was deficient in the phosphotransacetylase of the Pta-AckA pathway was found to metabolize glucose to D-lactate and to produce a small amount of succinate by-product under anaerobic conditions. An additional mutation in ppc made the mutant produce D-lactate like a homofermentative lactic acid bacterium. When the pta ppc double mutant was grown to higher biomass concentrations under aerobic conditions before it shifted to the anaerobic phase of D-lactate production, more than 62.2 g of D-lactate per liter was produced in 60 h, and the volumetric productivity was 1.04 g/liter/h. To examine whether the blocked acetate flux could be reoriented to a nonindigenous L-lactate pathway, an L-lactate dehydrogenase gene from Lactobacillus casei was introduced into a pta ldhA strain which lacked phosphotransacetylase and D-lactate dehydrogenase. This recombinant strain was able to metabolize glucose to L-lactate as the major fermentation product, and up to 45 g of L-lactate per liter was produced in 67 h. These results demonstrate that the central fermentation metabolism of E. coli can be reoriented to the production of D-lactate, an indigenous fermentation product, or to the production of L-lactate, a nonindigenous fermentation product. (+info)

Characterization of a group of anaerobically induced, fnr-dependent genes of Salmonella typhimurium. (5/86)

We have previously reported the isolation of a group of anaerobically regulated, fnr-dependent lac fusions in Salmonella typhimurium and have grouped these oxd genes into classes based on map position. In order to identify these genes, we have replaced the original Mud-lac fusion in a member of each oxd class with the much smaller Mud-cam element, cloned the fusion, and determined DNA sequence sufficient to define the oxd gene. Several of the fusions correspond to previously known genes from S. typhimurium or Escherichia coli: oxd-4 = cbiA and oxd-11 = cbiK, oxd-5 = hybB, oxd-7 = dcuB, oxd-8 = moaB, oxd-12 = dmsA, and oxd-14 = napB (aeg-46. 5). Two other fusions correspond to previously unknown loci: oxd-2 encodes an acetate/propionate kinase, and oxd-6 encodes a putative ABC transporter present in S. typhimurium but not in E. coli. (+info)

Catabolite regulation of the pta gene as part of carbon flow pathways in Bacillus subtilis. (6/86)

In Bacillus subtilis, the products of the pta and ackA genes, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase, play a crucial role in the production of acetate, one of the most abundant by-products of carbon metabolism in this gram-positive bacterium. Although these two enzymes are part of the same pathway, only mutants with inactivated ackA did not grow in the presence of glucose. Inactivation of pta had only a weak inhibitory effect on growth. In contrast to pta and ackA in Escherichia coli, the corresponding B. subtilis genes are not cotranscribed. Expression of the pta gene was increased in the presence of glucose, as has been reported for ackA. The effects of the predicted cis-acting catabolite response element (CRE) located upstream from the promoter and of the trans-acting proteins CcpA, HPr, Crh, and HPr kinase on the catabolite regulation of pta were investigated. As for ackA, glucose activation was abolished in ccpA and hprK mutants and in the ptsH1 crh double mutant. Footprinting experiments demonstrated an interaction between CcpA and the pta CRE sequence, which is almost identical to the proposed CRE consensus sequence. This interaction occurs only in the presence of Ser-46-phosphorylated HPr (HPrSer-P) or Ser-46-phosphorylated Crh (CrhSer-P) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). In addition to CcpA, carbon catabolite activation of the pta gene therefore requires at least two other cofactors, FBP and either HPr or Crh, phosphorylated at Ser-46 by the ATP-dependent Hpr kinase. (+info)

The role of histidines in the acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila. (7/86)

The role of histidine in the catalytic mechanism of acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila was investigated by diethylpyrocarbonate inactivation and site-directed mutagenesis. Inactivation was accompanied by an increase in absorbance at 240 nm with no change in absorbance at 280 nm, and treatment of the inactivated enzyme with hydroxylamine restored 95% activity, results that indicated diethylpyrocarbonate inactivates the enzyme by the specific modification of histidine. The substrates ATP, ADP, acetate, and acetyl phosphate protected against inactivation suggesting at least one active site where histidine is modified. Correlation of residual activity with the number of histidines modified, as determined by absorbance at 240 nm, indicated that a maximum of three histidines are modified per subunit, two of which are essential for full inactivation. Comparison of the M. thermophila acetate kinase sequence with 56 putative acetate kinase sequences revealed eight highly conserved histidines, three of which (His-123, His-180, and His-208) are perfectly conserved. Diethylpyrocarbonate inactivation of the eight histidine --> alanine variants indicated that His-180 and His-123 are in the active site and that the modification of both is necessary for full inactivation. Kinetic analyses of the eight variants showed that no other histidines are important for activity. Analysis of additional His-180 variants indicated that phosphorylation of His-180 is not essential for catalysis. Possible functions of His-180 are discussed. (+info)

Urkinase: structure of acetate kinase, a member of the ASKHA superfamily of phosphotransferases. (8/86)

Acetate kinase, an enzyme widely distributed in the Bacteria and Archaea domains, catalyzes the phosphorylation of acetate. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of Methanosarcina thermophila acetate kinase bound to ADP through crystallography. As we previously predicted, acetate kinase contains a core fold that is topologically identical to that of the ADP-binding domains of glycerol kinase, hexokinase, the 70-kDa heat shock cognate (Hsc70), and actin. Numerous charged active-site residues are conserved within acetate kinases, but few are conserved within the phosphotransferase superfamily. The identity of the points of insertion of polypeptide segments into the core fold of the superfamily members indicates that the insertions existed in the common ancestor of the phosphotransferases. Another remarkable shared feature is the unusual, epsilon conformation of the residue that directly precedes a conserved glycine residue (Gly-331 in acetate kinase) that binds the alpha-phosphate of ADP. Structural, biochemical, and geochemical considerations indicate that an acetate kinase may be the ancestral enzyme of the ASKHA (acetate and sugar kinases/Hsc70/actin) superfamily of phosphotransferases. (+info)

Acetate formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. acetyl-CoA + phosphate → acetyl- ... The E. coli strain W3110 was genetically engineered to generate 2 moles of acetate for every 1 mole of glucose that undergoes ... For instance, strains for the increased production of ethanol, lactate, succinate and acetate have been developed due to the ... The mixture of end products produced by mixed acid fermentation includes lactate, acetate, succinate, formate, ethanol and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_acid_fermentation

... the team concluded that the microbe likely acquired the ability to efficiently consume acetate using acetate kinase and ... Scientists hypothesize acetate kinase could be the urkinase in a major protein superfamily that includes actin. Evidence ... Recently researchers have proposed an evolution hypothesis for acetate kinase and phosphoacetyl transferase with genomic ... structure of acetate kinase, a member of the ASKHA superfamily of phosphotransferases". Journal of Bacteriology. 183 (2): 680- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanosarcina

González MI, Bannerman PG, Robinson MB (July 2003). "Phorbol myristate acetate-dependent interaction of protein kinase Calpha ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_3

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a phorbol ester receptor. Phorbol esters can stimulate PKC in a similar way to diglycerides. Phorbol ... In particular, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is used as a biomedical research tool in models of carcinogenesis. ... "Tumour promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induces chromosomal damage via indirect action". Nature. 293 (5828): 144-6. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol_esters

As an activator of protein kinase C, it is a weak tumor promoter compared to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PDBu is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol_12,13-dibutyrate

Bacterial proteins involved are ferredoxin-NADP reductase, acetate kinase, and NADH-quinone oxidoreductase found in the ... it was discovered that several microbial proteins were altered such as butyrate kinase, enoyl coenzyme A (enoyl-CoA) hydratase ... "Genital injury signatures and microbiome alterations associated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate usage and intravaginal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaproteomics

... of the related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase in megakaryocytes upon stem cell factor and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation ... "Protein tyrosine kinase PYK2 involved in Ca(2+)-induced regulation of ion channel and MAP kinase functions". Nature. 376 (6543 ... Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTK2B gene. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ... "Entrez Gene: PTK2B PTK2B protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta". Soni D, Regmi SC, Wang DM, DebRoy A, Zhao YY, Vogel SM, Malik AB, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTK2B

Its activity is mainly balanced by the kinases ERK and JNK. 3b protein induces an increase of AP-1 dependent gene expression in ... phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and serum". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (9): 3844-3848. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.3844F. doi: ... Dérijard, B; Hibi, M; Wu, IH; Barrett, T; Su, B; Deng, T; Karin, M; Davis, RJ (25 March 1994). "JNK1: a protein kinase ... Frost, JA; Geppert, TD; Cobb, MH; Feramisco, JR (26 April 1994). "A requirement for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORF3b

... of the related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase in megakaryocytes upon stem cell factor and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation ... The proteins that bind to paxillin are diverse and include protein tyrosine kinases, such as Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK ... "Activation of pyk2/related focal adhesion tyrosine kinase and focal adhesion kinase in cardiac remodeling". The Journal of ... We also know that the binding of paxillin to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is critical for directing paxillin function. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxillin

The Rubottom group found that lead(IV) acetate in DCM or benzene gave good yields of acyclic and cyclic α-hydroxy esters after ... synthesized various derivatives of phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol to aid in the study of the various phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ... In order to synthesize α-hydroxy esters, different oxidants are needed such as NaOCl (see above), lead(IV) acetate, or a ... acetate or hypofluorous acid-acetonitrile (HOF-ACN). However, these α-hydroxylations do not proceed via silyl enol ether ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubottom_oxidation

242), and acts by inhibiting the enzymes acetate kinase and L-glutamic acid decarboxylase. It has also been proposed that DMDC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_dicarbonate

Its main products from fermenting fructose or maltose are lactate, acetate, ethanol, glycerol, and carbon dioxide. ... and carbamate kinase (CK). A fourth protein located at the cell membrane acts as transporter, allowing the antiporter exchange ... Finally, they produce antimicrobial compounds, such as organic acids (lactate, acetate, and others), bacteriocins, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_pontis

Creatine conversion to phosphocreatine is catalyzed by creatine kinase; spontaneous formation of creatinine occurs during the ... guanidino acetate, synthesized in the kidney from the amino acids arginine and glycine) by S-Adenosyl methionine. It is then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatinine

... acetate and sugar kinases, Hsp70, actin). In A. aeolicus, the active site of the enzyme exists in a cleft between the two ... This can be accomplished via inhibition of polyphosphate kinase, enhancement of exopolyphosphatase activity, or both. ... which includes polyphosphate kinase [PPK] and PPX) and develop a wide variety of assays and techniques for quantification of ... by the lab of Nobel laureate Arthur Kornberg in 1993 and is part of the polyphosphate operon along with polyphosphate kinase, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exopolyphosphatase

... increase the production efficiency of isoamyl acetate. Isoamyl acetate is used industrially for artificial flavoring and for ... Recent experiments have shown that over expression of the enzyme pantothenate kinase and supplementation of pantothenic acid in ... In addition to the production of isoamyl acetate, the manipulation of CoA biosynthesis during the pyruvate hydrogenase reaction ... This increased concentration of cofactors resulted in an increased carbon flux in the isoamyl acetate synthesis pathway, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_engineering

Burow's solution, an astringent aqueous solution of aluminium acetate, is shown to soothe and to relieve itching. Olive oil ... a janus kinase inhibitor used to control pruritus in dogs. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipruritic

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, VEGF, or Akt. Phorbol myristate acetate Tumor progression Seth Rakoff-Nahoum (Dec 2006 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_promotion

An example is the teratogen and carcinogen phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which is a plant terpene that activates protein ... kinase C, which promotes cancer, making it a useful investigative tool. There is also interest in creating small molecule ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_molecule

... was found to be 5-10 times more potent in cell lines sensitive to protein kinase C (PKC) agonists, 12-o- ... tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and was shown to cause cell death via apoptosis. Torreyanic acid also promoted G1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torreyanic_acid

... glatiramer acetate, quinpramine, fasudil (an inhibitor of the Rho-kinase enzyme), and the heart drug flecainide. An antibody ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillain–Barré_syndrome

... decaprenyl-phosphate phosphoribosyltransferase and a three-amino-acid insertion in acetate kinase, both of which are found only ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium

... acetate, carbon dioxide and ATP by the combined actions of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxido-reductase, hydrogenase, acetate:succinate ... Superoxide dismutase, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), ferredoxin, adenylate kinase and NADH:ferredoxin oxido-reductase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenosome

In addition to the previously known steroid compounds ergosta-7,22-diene-3-ol acetate and ergosta-4,6,8-(14),22-tetraene-3-one ... The activation of macrophages by AE2 might be mediated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway of signal transduction. ... "Activation of RAW 264.7 cells by Astraeus hygrometricus-derived heteroglucan through MAP kinase pathway". Cell Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astraeus_hygrometricus

NM23 is a suppressor active in melanoma, breast and colon cancers and apparently inhibits the functioning of a kinase enzyme ... Treating human breast cancer cells with dexamethasone medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) increases NM23 expression. Genes for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastasis_suppressor

... which in turn activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A phosphorylates Nav1.8 at intracellular sites, resulting in increased ... Hector TH (January 1975). "A simple method for making chromatographic records using transparent acetate sheet". The Journal of ... "Prostaglandin E2 promotes Na1.8 trafficking via its intracellular RRR motif through the protein kinase A pathway". Traffic. 11 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav1.8

Tseng SS, van Duuren BL, Solomon JJ (1977). "Synthesis of 4aα-Phorbol 9-Myristate 9a-Acetate and Related Esters". J. Org. Chem ... Moscat, Jorge; Diaz-Meco, María T; Rennert, Paul (January 2003). "NF-κB activation by protein kinase C isoforms and B-cell ... The esters bind to PKC in a similar way to its natural ligand, diacylglycerol, and activate the kinase. Diacylglycerol is ... Blumberg PM (1988). "Protein Kinase C as the Receptor for the Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoters: Sixth Rhoads Memorial Award ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol

... formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. acetyl-CoA + phosphate → acetyl- ... Many industrial solvents are acetates, including methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, ethylhexyl acetate. Butyl ... acetate and basic zinc acetate. Commercially important acetate salts are aluminium acetate, used in dyeing, ammonium acetate, a ... "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminum, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetate

Racemic threonine can be prepared from crotonic acid by alpha-functionalization using mercury(II) acetate. Dawson, R.M.C., et ... In many organisms it is O-phosphorylated by a kinase preparatory to further metabolism. This is especially important in ... In addition, threonine residues undergo phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase. In its phosphorylated form, ... aspartokinase β-aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase homoserine dehydrogenase homoserine kinase threonine synthase. Threonine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine

Ballongue, Jean; Amine, Jamel; Gay, Peptitdemange; Gay, Robert (July 1986). "Regulation of acetate kinase and butyrate kinase ... Butyrate kinase is active within the human colon. To form butyrate, two molecules of acetyl-CoA are combined and reduced to ... One study has previously found that butyrate kinase is not regulated by its end-products or other acids such as acetic acid, ... Butyryl-phosphate is then converted into butyrate by using butyrate kinase and in the process, releases ATP. Butyrate plays an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyrate_kinase

... (EC 2.7.2.15, PduW, TdcD, propionate/acetate kinase) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP:propanoate ... "Characterization of the acetate binding pocket in the Methanosarcina thermophila acetate kinase". Journal of Bacteriology. 187 ... comparison with members of acetate and sugar kinase/heat shock cognate 70/actin superfamily". Journal of Molecular Biology. 352 ... Propionate+kinase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Biology portal. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionate_kinase

Synthetic progestogens (e.g., norethisterone, levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, dydrogesterone, ... In vitro phosphorylation by casein kinase II". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (49): 31034-40. PMID 7983041.. ... Selective progesterone receptor modulators (e.g., ulipristal acetate, telapristone acetate, vilaprisan, asoprisnil, asoprisnil ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_receptor

"Hyperphosphorylation of a novel 80 kDa protein-tyrosine kinase similar to Ltk in a human Ki-1 lymphoma cell line, AMS3". ... "A variant CD30 protein lacking extracellular and transmembrane domains is induced in HL-60 by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD30

cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate. • cellular response to ionomycin. • response to drug. • transcription ... protein kinase activity. • kinase activity. • protein serine/threonine kinase activity. • cyclin-dependent protein serine/ ... Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3). *AMP-activated protein kinase α *PRKAA1 ... Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7). *Aurora kinase *Aurora A kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDK4

"Firazyr- icatibant acetate injection, solution". DailyMed. 16 December 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2020.. ... Kinase inhibitors: Linsitinib. *Antibodies: Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2). Kisspeptin. *Agonists: Kisspeptin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icatibant

If aldosterone is deficient, maintenance therapy also includes oral doses of fludrocortisone acetate.[24] ... DAX-1 mutations may cluster in a syndrome with glycerol kinase deficiency with a number of other symptoms when DAX-1 is deleted ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison's_disease

... and subsequent activation of protein kinase A. ... Medroxyprogesterone acetate. *Megestrol acetate. *Mirtazapine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenocorticotropic_hormone

May also modulate NMDA receptors and protein kinase C.. PO.. Half-life = 5-7 hours.. Neuropathic pain; epilepsy.. Fatigue, ... Liquid; practically insoluble in water, miscible with ethyl acetate and methanol.. As per diclofenac.. Topical.. Not available. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algesic

"A case of inflammatory breast cancer treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in combination with intra-arterial infusion ... "Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Reverses Mesenchymal to Epithelial Phenotype and Inhibits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_breast_cancer

Kinase inhibitors: Linsitinib. *Antibodies: Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2). Kisspeptin. *Agonists: Kisspeptin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telcagepant

Buserelin (buserelin acetate). *Deslorelin. *Fertirelin (fertirelin acetate). *Gonadorelin. *GnRH (LHRH, gonadorelin). * ... Kinase inhibitors: Linsitinib. *Antibodies: Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2). Kisspeptin. *Agonists: Kisspeptin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galanin_receptor_1

... decomposes rapidly in solutions of ammonium acetate or the acetates, carbonates, citrates, or hydroxides of the alkali ... In 2012, salicylic acid was found to activate AMP-activated protein kinase, which has been suggested as a possible explanation ... In solution with alkalis, the hydrolysis proceeds rapidly and the clear solutions formed may consist entirely of acetate and ... "The ancient drug salicylate directly activates AMP-activated protein kinase". Science. 336 (6083): 918-22. Bibcode:2012Sci... ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid

A prominent kinase is cyclin-dependent kinase (or CDK), which comprises a sub-family of protein kinases. As their name implies ... acetate. The grouping consistent with transfer of nitrogenous groups is EC 2.6. This includes enzymes like transaminase (also ... "Biochemical characterization of the human cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase. Identification of p35 as a novel ... Herbst EA, MacPherson RE, LeBlanc PJ, Roy BD, Jeoung NH, Harris RA, Peters SJ (Jan 2014). "Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferase

negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling. • cell differentiation. • immune system process. • negative regulation of ... Abiraterone acetate. *Alestramustine. *Almestrone. *Anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone and esters, methyltestosterone, ... positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. • positive regulation of apoptotic process. • intracellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPER

CoA is acetylated using acetate by acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), also coupled with ATP hydrolysis.[7] ... Acetyl-CoA serves as an allosteric regulator of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). It regulates through the ratio of acetyl- ... "Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and phosphatase by acetyl-CoA/CoA and NADH/NAD ratios". Biochemical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl_coa

Hasskarl J (2014). "Sorafenib: targeting multiple tyrosine kinases in cancer". Recent Results Cancer Res. Recent Results in ... glatiramer acetate, and a variety of newer multiple sclerosis drugs, some of which can be taken orally (Dimethyl fumarate, ... Nexavar (sorafenib) is a kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), kidney cancer ( ... as acetate) and ethinylestradiol. It detected pregnancy by inducing menstruation in women who were not pregnant; the presence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_CropScience

Mostly via intracellular kinases; 15-18% is excreted unchanged[3]. Elimination half-life. Terminal elimination half-life: ... by the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (DCK). This molecule is then incorporated into the DNA synthesis pathway, where it causes ... when it is triphosphorylated by the enzyme deoxyadenosine kinase (dCK). Various phosphatases dephosphorylate cladribine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladribine

2000). "FLS2: an LRR receptor-like kinase involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor flagellin in Arabidopsis". ... ramie or synthetic fibres such as rayon and acetate derived from plant cellulose. Thread used to sew cloth likewise comes in ... The DNA checkpoint kinase ATM has a key role in integrating progression through germination with repair responses to the DNA ... "A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, XA21". Science. 270 (5243): 1804-1806. Bibcode ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant

... catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of ... regulated by Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase). to α-ketoglutaric acid. *Glutamate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrate_synthase

Creatine is synthesized primarily in the liver from the methylation of glycocyamine (guanidino acetate, synthesized in the ... Creatine conversion to phosphocreatine is catalyzed by creatine kinase; spontaneous formation of creatinine occurs during the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatinine

2000). "FLS2: an LRR receptor-like kinase involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor flagellin in Arabidopsis". ... ramie or synthetic fibres such as rayon and acetate derived from plant cellulose. Thread used to sew cloth likewise comes in ... The DNA checkpoint kinase ATM has a key role in integrating progression through germination with repair responses to the DNA ... "DNA damage checkpoint kinase ATM regulates germination and maintains genome stability in seeds". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae

... acetate CoA-transferase. This specialized enzyme links the TCA cycle with acetate metabolism in these organisms.[25] Some ... The GTP that is formed by GDP-forming succinyl-CoA synthetase may be utilized by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase to form ATP (the ... It is the oxidation of the acetate portion of acetyl-CoA that produces CO2 and water, with the energy of O2[38] thus released ... The cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, releasing carbon dioxide. The NADH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid_cycle

Dopamini (DA) huunganika kwa vipokezi vya D1 na kuchochea dalili ya msisimuo ndani ya seli) protini kinase (PKA) fosforilati ya ... Johnson RE, Chutuape MA, Strain EC, Walsh SL, Stitzer ML, Bigelow GE (2000). "A comparison of levomethadyl acetate, ...

https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utegemezi_wa_dawa_za_kulevya

... leading to an accumulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, and to subsequent G1-phase arrest, as seen in ... followed by quenching with Ac2O and subsequent reductive elimination of sulfone acetate. Condensation of this with lithium ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovastatin

... and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein of 32 kDa at the Protein Kinase A Site in Striatal Projection Neurons". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_issues_and_the_effects_of_cannabis

Mevalonate and acetate also incorporate into JH I, II, JH III from M. sexta, albeit far less efficiently that propionate. ... JH diol acid, the product of both enzymes, is acted on by JH diol kinase to increase the solubility for excretion. The ... Mevalonate is acted of by a series of 3 kinases to give the highly labile 1,2-diphosphomevalonate-3-phosphate, which is acted ... and Acetate". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 70: 2921-2925. doi:10.1073/pnas.70.10.2921. Jennings, R.C., Judy, K.J., Schooley, D.A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_hormone

Many enzymes including serine protease, cysteine protease, protein kinase and phosphatase evolved to form transient covalent ... In the animal nervous system, Acetylcholinesterase is required to break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into acetate ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_site

... cyproterone acetate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, gestonorone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5α-Reductase_inhibitor

... glatiramer acetate, quinpramine, fasudil (an inhibitor of the Rho-kinase enzyme),[15] and the heart drug flecainide.[41] An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillain-Barre

Here it is converted into glycerol 3-phosphate by the action of glycerol kinase which hydrolyzes one molecule of ATP per ... This converts to formate and acetate (the latter converting to glucose), or pyruvate (by two alternative enzymes), or ... The glycerol released by lipase action is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase in the liver (the only tissue in which this ... PKC is a multifunctional protein kinase which phosphorylates serine and threonine residues in many target proteins. However PKC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_metabolism

Acetate/propionate kinase (IPR004372). Short name: Ac/propionate_kinase Family relationships *Aliphatic acid kinase, short- ... For example, Acetate kinase, which catalyses the reaction ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate [PMID: 9484901]. ... GO:0016301 kinase activity GO:0016774 phosphotransferase activity, carboxyl group as acceptor ... Novel keto acid formate-lyase and propionate kinase enzymes are components of an anaerobic pathway in Escherichia coli that ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR004372?q=kinase

In molecular biology, acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1), which is predominantly found in micro-organisms, facilitates the production ... The growth of a bacterial mutant lacking acetate kinase has been shown to be inhibited by glucose, suggesting that the enzyme ... Grundy FJ, Waters DA, Allen SH, Henkin TM (November 1993). "Regulation of the Bacillus subtilis acetate kinase gene by CcpA". J ... Salmonella typhimurium propionate kinase (StTdcD) catalyzes reversible transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to propionate during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetate_kinase

Reeves RE, Guthrie JD (1975). "Acetate kinase (pyrophosphate). A fourth pyrophosphate-dependent kinase from Entamoeba ... an acetate kinase (diphosphate) (EC 2.7.2.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction diphosphate + acetate ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is diphosphate:acetate phosphotransferase. This enzyme is also called pyrophosphate- ... the two substrates of this enzyme are diphosphate and acetate, whereas its two products are phosphate and acetyl phosphate. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetate_kinase_(diphosphate)

Acetate kinase catalyzes transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to acetate. The only crystal structure reported for acetate ... Acetate kinase catalyzes transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to acetate. The only crystal structure reported for acetate ... Acetate Kinase complexed with ADP, AlF3 and acetate. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1TUY/pdb ... Acetate kinase. A, B. 399. Methanosarcina thermophila. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: ackA, ack. EC: 2.7.2.1. ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TUY

... coli Acetate Kinase protein (His tag) is an Escherichia coli Full length protein 1 to 400 aa range, , 95% purity and validated ... Recombinant E. coli Acetate Kinase protein (His tag). See all Acetate Kinase proteins and peptides. ... Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. During anaerobic ...

https://www.abcam.com/recombinant-e-coli-acetate-kinase-protein-his-tag-ab268313.html

Alignment of acetate kinase, propionate kinase, and butyrate kinase sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences of the enzymes ... Alignments of acetate kinase, propionate kinase, and butyrate kinase sequences obtained from databases suggested that these ... Comparisons of acetate kinase, propionate kinase, and butyrate kinase sequences resulted in identification of conserved ... Heterologous production and purification of acetate kinases.The wild-type and variant acetate kinases were overproduced in E. ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/187/7/2386

Structure of acetate kinase. The structure of the acetate kinase dimer (A) and a view with a 90° rotation around a horizontal ... Architecture of acetate kinase.The structure of M. thermophila acetate kinase was solved through the combination of two ... In acetate kinase, following aspartate-148, there is a helical insert (domain IC) which is unique to acetate kinase and which ... from the acetate kinases and have eliminated certain peripheral secondary-structure elements. Acetate kinase also has an ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/183/2/680

ackA catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. This protein can also catalyze the reverse reaction. ... Background of Acetate kinase antibody. ackA catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. This protein can ...

https://www.acris-antibodies.com/target/acetate-kinase-antibody.htm?product_type=Protein+%7C+Growth+Factor

... mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ara-C, 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine; PBS-T, ... The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor (CDKI) Flavopiridol Disrupts Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate-induced Differentiation and ... The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor (CDKI) Flavopiridol Disrupts Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate-induced Differentiation and ... The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor (CDKI) Flavopiridol Disrupts Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate-induced Differentiation and ...

https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/61/6/2583?ijkey=6115ed426a370e28e380f34e2e37b2b5e104cf5a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase. / Ferry, James G.. Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press Inc., 2011. p. 219-231 ( ... Thus, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase have a central role in the conversion of complex organic matter to methane by ... Thus, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase have a central role in the conversion of complex organic matter to methane by ... Thus, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase have a central role in the conversion of complex organic matter to methane by ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/acetate-kinase-and-phosphotransacetylase

The role of arginines in this acetate kinase was investigated. Five arginines (R91, R175, R241, R285, and R340) in the M. ... this approach has only recently become available for acetate kinase. The enzyme from Methanosarcina thermophila has been cloned ... thermophila enzyme were selected for individual replacement based on their high conservation among sequences of acetate kinase ... The K(m) value for acetate of the R91K variant increased greater than 10-fold relative to recombinant wild-type, suggesting an ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Identification-of-essential-arginines-in-the-kinase-Singh-Wissmann-Miles/ee06bdd8bf0bf4e313bf8e177e32fb24611db563

... protein kinase C; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; DiOC6, 3,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide; z-VAD-fmk, N- ... ABBREVIATIONS: MG, methylglyoxal; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; PMA, phorbol 12- ... Ballif BA and Blenis J (2001) Molecular mechanisms mediating mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)- ... of this antiapoptotic signal depends on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK ...

http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/65/3/778

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Triggers the Protein Kinase A-Mediated Phosphorylation and Activation of the PDE4D5 cAMP ... Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Triggers the Protein Kinase A-Mediated Phosphorylation and Activation of the PDE4D5 cAMP ... Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Triggers the Protein Kinase A-Mediated Phosphorylation and Activation of the PDE4D5 cAMP ... Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Triggers the Protein Kinase A-Mediated Phosphorylation and Activation of the PDE4D5 cAMP ...

https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/60/5/1100

Recombinant Protein and Probable acetate kinase Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are ... Probable acetate kinase. Probable acetate kinase ELISA Kit. Probable acetate kinase Recombinant. Probable acetate kinase ... CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate. .. Below are the list of possible Probable acetate kinase products ... Serine-threonine-protein kinase ppk22 (ppk22), partial Recombinant Protein. • DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC1 ( ...

https://www.mybiosource.com/protein_family.php?root=probable-acetate-kinase

Looking for abbreviations of ASKHA? It is Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hepatic Stellate Cells 70/Actin. Acetate and Sugar Kinases/ ... Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hepatic Stellate Cells 70/Actin. ... acetate. *Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hepatic Stellate Cells 70/ ... Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hepatic Stellate Cells 70/Actin - How is Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hepatic Stellate Cells 70/Actin ... redirected from Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hepatic Stellate Cells 70/Actin) Acronym. Definition. ...

https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Acetate+and+Sugar+Kinases%2FHepatic+Stellate+Cells+70%2FActin

... test kit for specific measurement analysis of acetic acid acetate in beverages and food produ... ... Acetic Acid Assay Kit (Acetate Kinase Analyser Format) Compare Favourites Print Email ... Current densities were 6.3 and 8.9 A m-2 on average at −0.4 and +0.1 V/SCE respectively, with acetate 10 mM. The catalytic ... Microbial bioanodes formed from a salt marsh inoculum under constant acetate feeding generated up to 85 A•m-2 in media ...

https://www.megazyme.com/acetic-acid-assay-kit-acetate-kinase-analyser-format

Two protein kinase C activators, bryostatin-1 and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, have different effects on haemopoietic cell ... Ng, S.B.,Guy, G.R. (1992). Two protein kinase C activators, bryostatin-1 and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, have different ... have also been shown to bind to and activate protein kinase C. Although bryostatin-1 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate ( ... Analysis of competition assays between bryostatin-1 and TPA leads us to put forward a model where protein kinase C is required ...

https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/112150

... facilitates the production of acetyl-CoA by phosphorylating acetate in ... acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1), which is predominantly found in micro-organisms, ... Acetate kinase is used to phosphorylate acetate to acetyl phosphate. Acetate Kinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been ... Acetate kinase (phosphorylating); Acetic kinase; Acetokinase; EC 2.7.2.1; 9027-42-3; Acetate kinase ...

https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/Native-Bacillus-Stearothermophilus-Acetate-Kinase_1034.html

Acetate kinase - Also known as ACKA_ACTP2, ackA. Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also ... Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. Homodimer. ... Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. Can also catalyze the reverse reaction. Homodimer. ...

https://corona-2.cansar.icr.ac.uk/target/A3N011/synopsis

Antineoplastic, mTOr Kinase Inhibitor. Class Summary. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOr), a serine-threonine kinase is ... Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin). *View full drug information. Acts similarly to the natural hormone somatostatin and can ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283039-medication

Acetate formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase.[8] The Mixed Acid Fermentation pathway ... Many industrial solvents are acetates, including methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, ethylhexyl acetate. Butyl ... acetate and basic zinc acetate. Commercially important acetate salts are aluminium acetate, used in dyeing, ammonium acetate, a ... "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminum, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetate

protein kinase C. PMA. phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate. ANS. anti-neutrophil serum. MPO. myeloperoxidase. ECL. enhanced ... protein kinase C-δ antibody (1:800), protein kinase C-ε antibody (1:800), or protein kinase C-ζ antibody (1:800) at room ... In further experiments, groups of rats were treated with the protein kinase C activator phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 3 ... Protein kinase C consists of a family of at least 12 serine-threonine protein kinases that have been implicated in many ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/295/3/1249.long

... induced migration of glioblastoma cells focusing on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/heat shock protein 27 ( ... We investigated the mechanism of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- ... Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration of glioblastoma cells is mediated via p38MAPK/Hsp27 pathway Biochem ... We investigated the mechanism of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration of glioblastoma cells focusing on the ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17640620/?dopt=Abstract

... methylprednisolone acetate) is used to treat allergies, inflammation, cancer symptoms and flares associated with chronic ... Elevation of creatine kinase may occur. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping corticosteroids may require weeks to ... Depo-Medrol (methylprednisolone acetate) is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used to treat pain and swelling that occurs ... Methylprednisolone acetate is a white or practically white, odorless, crystalline powder which melts at about 215° with some ...

https://www.rxlist.com/depo-medrol-drug.htm

acetate kinase. ACS. Pyruvate Metabolism. acetyl-CoA synthetase. SERt2rpp. Transport. L-serine reversible transport via proton ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2Fs12859-018-2174-6

ACK, acetate kinase; G6PDH, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.. Standardized Assay Medium To Measure Lactococcus lactis Enzyme ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22020503

... acetate kinase; Pta, phosphotransacetylase. (C) The gene clusters identified in this study. In B. wadsworthia, two separate ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/116/8/3171/tab-figures-data

... acetate kinase; Ald2, alcohol dehydrogenase 2; Pgk, phosphoglycerate kinase; Gpm, phophoglycerate mutase; Eno, enolase; Pyk, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31780796

Paired incubations were carried out by adding 1 μmol/l phorbol 12-myristate,13-acetate (PMA) or 1 μmol/l thapsigargin dissolved ... Ha H, Yu MR, Choi YJ, Lee HB (2001) Activation of protein kinase c-delta and c-epsilon by oxidative stress in early diabetic ... Meier M, Park JK, Overheu D et al (2007) Deletion of protein kinase C-{beta} isoform in vivo reduces renal hypertrophy but not ... Koya D, Jirousek MR, Lin YW, Ishii H, Kuboki K, King GL (1997) Characterization of protein kinase C beta isoform activation on ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00125-007-0778-x

Elevation of creatine kinase may occur. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping corticosteroids may require weeks to ... METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE (UNII: 43502P7F0P) (METHYLPREDNISOLONE - UNII:X4W7ZR7023) METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE. 40 mg in 1 mL ... METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE (UNII: 43502P7F0P) (METHYLPREDNISOLONE - UNII:X4W7ZR7023) METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE. 80 mg in 1 mL ... DEPO-MEDROL- methylprednisolone acetate injection, suspension. Number of versions: 8. Published Date (What is this?). Version. ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=bf1b104d-85cb-414d-a366-78068c82c883

Novel keto acid formate-lyase and propionate kinase enzymes are components of an anaerobic pathway in Escherichia coli that degrades L-threonine to propionate. (ebi.ac.uk)
Salmonella typhimurium propionate kinase (StTdcD) catalyzes reversible transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to propionate during l-threonine degradation to propionate. (wikipedia.org)
Alignments of acetate kinase, propionate kinase, and butyrate kinase sequences obtained from databases suggested that these enzymes have similar catalytic mechanisms and carboxylic acid substrate binding sites. (asm.org)

Interactions between the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI) flavopiridol (FP) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were examined in U937 human leukemia cells in relation to differentiation and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Coexposure to FP also resulted in a more pronounced and sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade after PMA treatment, although disruption of this pathway by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibitor U0126 did not prevent potentiation of apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) challenge of HASMC rapidly activated PDE4D5 through a process ablated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059. (aspetjournals.org)
PMA elicited an inhibitory effect on PDE4D5 activity in HASMC treated with the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin, the COX-2 selective inhibitor NS-398, the phospholipase A 2 inhibitor quinacrine, and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89. (aspetjournals.org)
We determined the crystal structures of the T210V mutant of the kinase domain of human Plk1 complexed with the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMPPNP) or the pyrrolo-pyrazole inhibitor PHA-680626 at 2.4 and 2.1 A resolution, respectively. (rcsb.org)
Abiraterone Acetate is an acetate salt form of Abiraterone which is a steroidal cytochrome CYP17 inhibitor with IC50 of 72 nM in a cell-free assay. (selleckchem.com)
Maximal expression of this phenotype required 72 h preactivation with phorbol myristate acetate and expression was abolished using the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine. (biomedsearch.com)
Preincubation with tyrosine kinase inhibitor, protein kinase C inhibitors, and inhibitors of new protein synthesis also prevented these morphological changes. (biomedsearch.com)
Because NO has been shown to inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) activity, we examined the hypothesis that the NO synthase inhibitor N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester ( l -NAME) stimulates P-selectin expression on platelets via PKC activation. (ahajournals.org)
A 77-01 is a potent inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor superfamily activin-like kinase ALK5 with IC50 of 25 nM. (adooq.com)
LY364947 is a diheteroaryl-substituted pyrazole compound used as a selective, ATP-competitive inhibitor of TGF-βRI (TGF-β Receptor I kinase). (adooq.com)
SB-505124 hydrochloride is an inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs). (adooq.com)
NE-induced JNK phosphorylation was significantly inhibited by SP600125 and the conventional-type PKC (cPKC) inhibitor Gö6976, but not by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. (nii.ac.jp)
Using a chemical genetics strategy wherein Bur1 kinase was engineered to be regulated by a specific inhibitor, we found that Bur1 phosphorylates the Spt5 C-terminal repeat domain (CTD) both in vivo and in isolated elongation complexes in vitro. (nih.gov)
Competitive inhibitor with high selectivity for PKC over other kinases 6 . (abcam.com)

Targeting acetate kinase: inhibitors as potential bacteriostatics. (semanticscholar.org)
The structure highlights features of the active site that can be exploited to obtain Plk1-specific inhibitors with selectivity over other kinases and Plk isoforms. (rcsb.org)
The protein kinase C (PKC) activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) activated cell death in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells but not in androgen-independent DU-145 or PC-3 cells, whose growth was significantly decreased by PKC inhibitors staurosporine and H7. (nih.gov)
The [Ca 2+ ] i responses to ghrelin were markedly attenuated by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) but not protein kinase C and by a blocker of N-type but not L-type Ca 2+ channels. (diabetesjournals.org)

Acetate kinase functions in the energy-yielding pathway for conversion of the methyl group of acetate to methane (equation 2 ) in Methanosarcina species. (asm.org)
mathtex$$\[\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{COOH}\ {+}\ \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\ {\rightarrow}\ \mathrm{CH}_{4}\ {+}\ \mathrm{CO}_{2}\]$$mathtex$$ (2) The first reaction in this pathway is the formation of acetyl phosphate catalyzed by acetate kinase (equation 1 ). (asm.org)
We investigated the mechanism of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced migration of glioblastoma cells focusing on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) pathway. (nih.gov)
Cloning of Clostridium thermocellum acetate kinase (ack) and/or phosphotransacetylase (pta) genes in Escherichia coli by functional complementation of ack and/or pta mutants was complicated by an alternative acetate assimilation pathway involving acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS). (mst.edu)
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the subpathway that synthesizes acetyl-CoA from acetate , the pathway acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and in Metabolic intermediate biosynthesis . (uniprot.org)
The nature of intracellular signaling pathways mediating mitogenic effects of GPCRs in prostate cancer is poorly defined, although the G protein-dependent activation of the Ras-to-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway has emerged as a critical regulatory event. (sciencemag.org)
The Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has long been identified as a convergence point for numerous (normal and pathologic) signaling inputs, rendering it an appealing target for therapeutic intervention ( 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) pathway is overactive in many human cancers and is thus a target for novel therapeutics. (aacrjournals.org)

A related enzyme, butyrate kinase, facilitates the formation of butyryl-CoA by phosphorylating butyrate in the presence of ATP to form butyryl phosphate. (wikipedia.org)

We have determined the three-dimensional structure of Methanosarcina thermophila acetate kinase bound to ADP through crystallography. (asm.org)

It was demonstrated previously that a positive feedback loop, including protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), is required for the gradual expression of cerebellar long-term depression (LTD). PKC and MAPK are mutually activated in this loop. (jneurosci.org)
To test this hypothesis, we used a mutant form of RKIP that is not phosphorylated by PKC and thus constitutively inhibits Raf-1 and MEK, upstream kinases of MAPK. (jneurosci.org)
We found previously that a positive feedback loop (see Fig. 1 A ) that includes protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is responsible for prolonged kinase activation that underlies the long-lasting expression of LTD ( Tanaka and Augustine, 2008 ). (jneurosci.org)
Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), also known as phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein, was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screening as a protein that interacts with Raf-1, which is a kinase that is upstream of the MAPK kinase, MEK. (jneurosci.org)
Growing evidence suggests that the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade represents a pivotal molecular circuitry participating directly or indirectly in prostate cancer evolution. (aacrjournals.org)
Vascular smooth muscle contraction is mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, an isoform of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). (nii.ac.jp)

However, the absence of homologs for phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase in the genome ofS. (osti.gov)
aciditrophicushad low or undetectable acetate kinase and phosphate acetyltransferase activities but had high acetyl-CoA synthetase activity under all growth conditions tested. (osti.gov)
use two enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase, to make ATP from acetyl-CoA, while acetate-forming archaea use a single enzyme, an ADP-forming, acetyl-CoA synthetase, to synthesize ATP and acetate from acetyl-CoA.Syntrophus aciditrophicusapparently relies on a different approach to conserve energy during acetyl-CoA metabolism, as its genome does not have homologs to the genes for phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. (osti.gov)

In this approach a gamma-thiol ATP-analog and AS-kinase are used to selectively thiophosphorylate target proteins. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
280 proteins were totally identified and 188 proteins were separated as acetate-related proteins in BL-4. (ijbs.com)
During acetate metabolism proteins involved in the lipid metabolism and hexosamine biosynthesis were over-expressed in the acetate medium, while proteins involved in TCA cycle, pentose phosphate cycle and purine metabolism were down-regulated. (ijbs.com)

2 . With this approach, we have identified substrates of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) in NIH 3T3-L1 fibroblasts. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Phosphoryl transfer is the most common enzymatic function encoded by the yeast genome ( 12 ), and the reaction is catalyzed by central regulatory enzymes, such as protein kinases, ATPases, and GTPases ( 7 ). (asm.org)
41 ), is the prototypic carboxylate kinase and one of the earliest phosphoryltransfer enzymes to be recognized. (asm.org)
In Methanosarcina species, the enzymes function in the reverse direction to activate acetate to acetyl-CoA prior to cleavage into a methyl and carbonyl group of which the latter is oxidized providing electrons for reduction of the former to methane. (elsevier.com)
Acetate Kinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been used to study allosteric activation,[32P]-acetyl phosphate was generated by incubating potassium acetate in the reaction mixture with acetate kinase from Creative Enzymes. (creative-enzymes.com)

Acetate was converted to acetyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA synthetase up-regulated in the acetate medium. (ijbs.com)

Carcinogenesis usually occurs as a result of chemical or biological damage to normal cells in a multistep and multifactor process composed of genetic derangement, aberrant signal transduction, and protein kinase activation. (hindawi.com)
Taken together, this suggests that Syk kinase physically and functionally associates with the IL-15Rα chain in B cells and that Syk plays a key role in mediating IL-15-induced signal transduction, thus accounting for the distinct functional consequences of IL-15 vs IL-2 binding to B cells. (jimmunol.org)
Identifying kinase substrates is an important step in mapping signal transduction pathways, but remains a difficult and time-consuming process. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Inspection of the crystal structure of the Methanosarcina thermophila enzyme containing only ADP revealed a solvent-accessible hydrophobic pocket formed by residues Val 93 , Leu 122 , Phe 179 , and Pro 232 in the active site cleft, which identified a potential acetate binding site. (asm.org)
The hypothesis that this was a binding site was further supported by alignment of all acetate kinase sequences available from databases, which showed strict conservation of all four residues, and the recent crystal structure of the M. thermophila enzyme with acetate bound in this pocket. (asm.org)
Identification of essential arginines in the acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila. (semanticscholar.org)

Protein kinase C consists of a family of at least 12 serine-threonine protein kinases that have been implicated in many cellular signaling pathways ( Nishizuka, 1992 ). (aspetjournals.org)

PKC represents a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
T he protein kinase C (PKC) 1 family of phospholipid-dependent kinases are important regulators of growth, differentiation, and gene expression ( 8 , 22 ). (rupress.org)

Additionally, the role of calcium signalling and PKC activation on facilitative glucose transport was examined by measuring glucose uptake in BBM vesicles prepared from proximal tubules that had been incubated either with thapsigargin, which increases cytosolic calcium, or with the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate,13-acetate (PMA). (springer.com)
We previously reported that the estrogen receptor (ER)-negative hormone-independent T47D:C42 cell line has both elevated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) protein expression and basal activator protein-1 activity compared with the parental ER+ (hormone-dependent) T47D:A18 cell line. (aacrjournals.org)

Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. (abcam.com)

Structural, biochemical, and geochemical considerations indicate that an acetate kinase may be the ancestral enzyme of the ASKHA (acetate and sugar kinases/Hsc70/actin) superfamily of phosphotransferases. (asm.org)

Acetate kinase catalyzes transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to acetate. (rcsb.org)
In enzymology, an acetate kinase (diphosphate) (EC 2.7.2.12) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction diphosphate + acetate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } phosphate + acetyl phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are diphosphate and acetate, whereas its two products are phosphate and acetyl phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
Acetate kinase catalyzes the reversible magnesium-dependent synthesis of acetyl phosphate by transfer of the ATP γ-phosphoryl group to acetate. (asm.org)
Acetate kinase catalyzes the reversible magnesium-dependent phosphorylation of acetate with ATP (equation 1 ) and is very important for the energy-yielding metabolism of anaerobic microbes. (asm.org)
Acetate kinase, an enzyme widely distributed in the Bacteria and Archaea domains, catalyzes the phosphorylation of acetate. (asm.org)
Acetate kinase catalyzes the final reaction in this process, conversion of acetyl phosphate and ADP into acetate and ATP. (asm.org)
In this second process, acetate kinase catalyzes the first reaction, activation of acetate to acetyl phosphate. (asm.org)

Also known as Probable acetate kinase (Acetokinase). (mybiosource.com)

The acetate is derived from the metabolic intermediate acetyl-CoA via the combined activities of phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (elsevier.com)
Thus, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase have a central role in the conversion of complex organic matter to methane by anaerobic microbial food chains. (elsevier.com)
Ferry, JG 2011, Acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase . (elsevier.com)

Basal and epidermal growth factor-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited in several cell lines as well as 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (aacrjournals.org)

The reaction catalyzed by acetate kinase was initially described in 1944 by Lipmann ( 24 ). (asm.org)

Proteomic Analysis on Acetate Metabolism in Citrobacter sp. (ijbs.com)
Prior to set up a microbial cellular platform, this study was to assess acetate metabolism in Citrobacter sp. (ijbs.com)

Acetate kinase is widespread in both anaerobic and aerobic microbes of the Bacteria and Archaea domains and a central player in a major link in the global carbon cycle, the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter to methane, in which it performs a dual role ( 14 ). (asm.org)
In the first step of methane production by microbial consortia, fermentative anaerobes from the Bacteria domain degrade complex organic matter to acetate. (asm.org)
Anaerobes from the Archaea domain then convert the acetate into methane and carbon dioxide. (asm.org)
Most of the methane produced in nature derives from the methyl group of acetate, the major end product of anaerobes decomposing complex plant material. (elsevier.com)

As we previously predicted, acetate kinase contains a core fold that is topologically identical to that of the ADP-binding domains of glycerol kinase, hexokinase, the 70-kDa heat shock cognate (Hsc70), and actin. (asm.org)
Our data provide substantial evidence for a model elucidating the molecular mechanisms of regulation of actin dynamics and migration by PMA-activated protein kinase C in glioblastoma cells. (nih.gov)

This enzyme is also called pyrophosphate-acetate phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, HOAc is the abbreviation for acetic acid, NaOAc for sodium acetate , and EtOAc for ethyl acetate . (wikipedia.org)
Intraperitoneal injection of sodium acetate (20 or 60 mg per kg body mass) was found to induce headache in sensitized rats, and it has been proposed that acetate resulting from oxidation of ethanol is a major factor in causing hangovers . (wikipedia.org)

Subsequent steps involve the oxidation of such alcohols and fatty acids with carbon chain longer than C2 to acetate by syntrophic bacteria and their activity depends on the removal of hydrogen either by CO 2 or sulfate reduction. (frontiersin.org)
For mass production of PGB-2 it is necessary to obtain whole biochemical information in BL-4 when acetate is available as a sole carbon source because the bacteria produced PGB-2 under acetate feeding only. (ijbs.com)

In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 and calcineurin signaling pathways blocked cytokine production, probably by deactivating GSK-3β. (elsevier.com)
Lorbrena Lorbrena (lorlatinib) is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase. (drugs.com)
The signaling cascade is initiated by the binding of peptide growth factors to their tyrosine kinase receptors at the plasma membrane. (aacrjournals.org)

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the inactivating enzyme is a phosphotransferase selected from the group consisting of glycerokinase and adenylate kinase. (google.com.au)

Superiority of the PCR-based Approach for Cloning the Acetate Kinase Gene of Clostridium Thermocellum," Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology , Springer Verlag, Sep 1998. (mst.edu)

The systematic name of this enzyme class is diphosphate:acetate phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Numerous charged active-site residues are conserved within acetate kinases, but few are conserved within the phosphotransferase superfamily. (asm.org)

For example, Acetate kinase, which catalyses the reaction ATP + acetate = ADP + acetyl phosphate [ PMID: 9484901 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
Application of Stable Isotope Labeling in Cell Culture (SILAC) provides a quantitative comparison between AS-kinase labeling and the negative control reaction. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Below are the list of possible Probable acetate kinase products. (mybiosource.com)

We showed previously that Jurkat cells treated with MG rapidly undergo apoptosis via c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. (aspetjournals.org)
PMA promoted the generation of PGE 2 in the medium of HASMC and caused activation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and PKA through a process ablated by indomethacin, NS-398, quinacrine, and PD98059. (aspetjournals.org)
Analysis of competition assays between bryostatin-1 and TPA leads us to put forward a model where protein kinase C is required to be constantly reactivated and recycled during proliferation and differentiation which can be accomplished by TPA but not by bryostatin, although we cannot exclude the differential activation of some of the sub-species of the kinase by the two agonists. (nus.edu.sg)
Since glucose-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activation in the kidney is linked to diabetic nephropathy, we investigated the effect of glycaemic status on the protein levels of PKC isoforms α, βI, βII, δ and ɛ in the proximal tubule, as well as the relationship between them and changes in GLUT2 production at the BBM. (springer.com)
The artificial in vitro activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by a combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ionomycin, the so-called T/I model, led to an inducible production of cytokines, such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2. (elsevier.com)
The lipid solubility of silybin (1) was enhanced by methylation (5′7′4″trimethylsilybin: 2), whereas a decrease in lipid-solubility by acetylation of compound 2 (5′,7,′4″-trimethylsilybin-acetate: 3) or all the hydroxyl groups of silybin (peracetyl-silybin: 4) attenuated the antioxidant capacity by decreasing the inhibition in PKC translocation and NADPH oxidase activation. (usp.br)
Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) constitutes a key event in the upregulation of secretory strength in neurons and neurosecretory cells during extensive stimulation, presumably by speeding up vesicle supply. (jneurosci.org)
As S. mansoni ESPs have previously been shown to inhibit extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation (activation) in haemocytes from susceptible, but not resistant, B. glabrata the regulation of NO output by ERK in these cells was also investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
AMP-forming, acetyl-CoA synthetases were previously thought to function only in the activation of acetate to acetyl-CoA. (osti.gov)

Depo-Medrol (methylprednisolone acetate) is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used to treat pain and swelling that occurs with arthritis and other joint disorders. (rxlist.com)
The chemical name for methylprednisolone acetate is pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 21-(acetyloxy)- 11,17-dihydroxy-6-methyl-,(6α,11ß)- and the molecular weight is 416.51. (rxlist.com)
DEPO-MEDROL Sterile Aqueous Suspension contains methylprednisolone acetate which is the 6- methyl derivative of prednisolone. (rxlist.com)
Methylprednisolone acetate is a white or practically white, odorless, crystalline powder which melts at about 215° with some decomposition. (rxlist.com)

Commercially important acetate salts are aluminium acetate , used in dyeing , ammonium acetate , a precursor to acetamide , and potassium acetate , used as a diuretic . (wikipedia.org)

The induction of these pathways has been confirmed at the transcript level for dark anaerobic and sulfur-depleted anaerobic conditions ( 7 , 8 , 10 ) as well as through the increase in fermentative products such as formate, ethanol, and acetate ( 6 , 9 ). (mcponline.org)
IL-2 and IL-15 signaling pathways in lymphocytes involve Janus kinases (Jaks) 3 and the STATs ( 27 ). (jimmunol.org)

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a component of croton oil, is a potent mouse skin tumor promoter [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In mice ear edema (induced by phorbol-12-mirystate-13-acetate, croton oil and arachidonic acid), taraxasteryl acetate showed a topical anti-inflammatory activity similar to the extract, but at 1/20 of the dose. (thefreelibrary.com)

The kinetic analyses of variants combined with structural modeling indicated that the pocket has roles in binding the methyl group of acetate, influencing substrate specificity, and orienting the carboxyl group. (asm.org)
1 A wide range of AS-kinases have been generated and extensive validation has shown that the gatekeeper mutation does not affect their substrate specificity. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

By immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, we show that treatment of Raji cells and activated primary B cells with IL-15 induces coprecipitation of Syk kinase with the IL-15Rα chain. (jimmunol.org)
Increases kinase phosphorylation and induces contraction of vascular smooth muscle 37 ,38 . (abcam.com)

17-fold selectivity over TGF-βRII and other common kinases respectively. (adooq.com)

The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and phorbol ester-induced changes in rat colonic cellular integrity and Ca 2+ -independent inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) activity was investigated. (aspetjournals.org)

In molecular biology, acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1), which is predominantly found in micro-organisms, facilitates the production of acetyl-CoA by phosphorylating acetate in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation. (wikipedia.org)

The Acetic Acid analyser format test kit is suitable for the specific measurement and analysis of acetic acid (acetate) in beverages and food products. (megazyme.com)
An acetate / ˈ æ s ɪ t eɪ t / is a salt formed by the combination of acetic acid with an alkaline , earthy , metallic or nonmetallic and other base . (wikipedia.org)
Most of the approximately 5 billion kilograms of acetic acid produced annually in industry are used in the production of acetates, which usually take the form of polymers . (wikipedia.org)
Almost half of acetic acid production is consumed in the production of vinyl acetate , precursor to polyvinyl alcohol , which is a component of many paints . (wikipedia.org)
The second largest use of acetic acid is consumed in the production of cellulose acetate . (wikipedia.org)
Grape juice, like any other acidic liquid, will dissolve a small amount of many metals - copper pots were thought to impart an off-taste to the reduction, and lead was said to give the best flavor (ostensibly because of the sweet lead acetate - the vessel provided the lead cations, and the partial fermentation of the juice provided some acetic acid). (scienceblogs.com)

Crystal structures of acetate kinases from the eukaryotic pathogens Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptococcus neoformans. (semanticscholar.org)
Novel pyrophosphate-forming acetate kinase from the protist Entamoeba histolytica. (semanticscholar.org)

Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of an Acetate Kinase from a High Rate of Biohydrogen Bacterial Strain Ethanoligenens sp. (semanticscholar.org)

Anatomy1

Organisms5

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Purification and characterization of two extremely thermostable enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase, from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima. (1/86)

Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (2/86)

Genes coding for phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase in Sinorhizobium meliloti are in an operon that is inducible by phosphate stress and controlled by phoB. (3/86)

Homofermentative production of D- or L-lactate in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli RR1. (4/86)

Characterization of a group of anaerobically induced, fnr-dependent genes of Salmonella typhimurium. (5/86)

Catabolite regulation of the pta gene as part of carbon flow pathways in Bacillus subtilis. (6/86)

The role of histidines in the acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila. (7/86)

Urkinase: structure of acetate kinase, a member of the ASKHA superfamily of phosphotransferases. (8/86)

Acetate Kinase

Phosphate Acetyltransferase

Acetates

Methanosarcina

Organophosphates

Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor)

Phosphotransferases

Veillonella

Acetate-CoA Ligase

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

Acetic Acid

MAP Kinase Signaling System

Protein Kinases

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Kinetics

Protein Kinase C

src-Family Kinases

Fermentation

Adenosine Triphosphate

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Butyrates

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Molecular Sequence Data

Thermotoga maritima

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

Escherichia coli

Adenosine Diphosphate

Phosphotransferases (Nitrogenous Group Acceptor)

Fatigue

Propionates

Databases, Protein

Sequence Analysis, Protein

Systems Integration

Internet

Tetrahymena thermophila

Bacteriology

Cell Differentiation

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute

Lung Neoplasms

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27

JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Mitochondria

Cytochrome c Group

Cytochromes c

Apoptosis

Caspases

Stress, Physiological

Purification and characterization of two extremely thermostable enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase, from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima. (1/86)

Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (2/86)

Genes coding for phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase in Sinorhizobium meliloti are in an operon that is inducible by phosphate stress and controlled by phoB. (3/86)

Homofermentative production of D- or L-lactate in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli RR1. (4/86)

Characterization of a group of anaerobically induced, fnr-dependent genes of Salmonella typhimurium. (5/86)

Catabolite regulation of the pta gene as part of carbon flow pathways in Bacillus subtilis. (6/86)

The role of histidines in the acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila. (7/86)

Urkinase: structure of acetate kinase, a member of the ASKHA superfamily of phosphotransferases. (8/86)

Characterization of the Acetate Binding Pocket in the Methanosarcina thermophila Acetate Kinase | Journal of Bacteriology

Probable acetate kinase elisa and antibody

Superiority of the PCR-based Approach for Cloning the Acetate Kinase G by G. Ozcengiz, J-H Kim et al.

Publications

German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH: Details

Gaussaster antarcticus

ACKA PCI A6 - Multibrand - Automotive diagnostic equipment - Buy online at EFICHIP

Source: Hahm et al, 1994

Identification of a two-component fatty acid kinase responsible for host fatty acid incorporation by Staphylococcus aureus |...

Identification of a two-component fatty acid kinase responsible for host fatty acid incorporation by Staphylococcus aureus |...

Metabolic engineering of acetate-production pathways for the production of isoamyl acetate and succinate in Escherichia coli

Acetate - Fermented Foods - Buffalo Brewing Blog

Plus it

Cloning of a gene coding for phosphotransacetylase from Escherichia coli. - PubMed - NCBI

Acetate Resource | Learn About, Share and Discuss Acetate At Like2do.com

Cest La Vie Printed Acetate Sheets 12X12- PP310117

Acetate at Jerrys Artarama

Meticortelone Acetate Intervet - Drugs.com

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SPECTRUM 16,17-Epoxypregnenolone Acetate,1g - 49E677|E0015-1G - Grainger

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$Gentaur Molecular :Nordic Immunological Lab \ rabbit IgG against Clostridium kluyveri Phosphotransacetylase, conjugated with...$ Gentaur Molecular :Nordic Immunological Lab \ rabbit IgG against Clostridium kluyveri Phosphotransacetylase, conjugated with...