Acetate kinase. Medical search

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP with the formation of acetylphosphate and ADP. It is important in the glycolysis process. EC 2.7.2.1.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. EC 2.3.1.8.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

A genus of anaerobic, irregular spheroid-shaped METHANOSARCINALES whose organisms are nonmotile. Endospores are not formed. These archaea derive energy via formation of methane from acetate, methanol, mono-, di-, and trimethylamine, and possibly, carbon monoxide. Organisms are isolated from freshwater and marine environments.

Carbon-containing phosphoric acid derivatives. Included under this heading are compounds that have CARBON atoms bound to one or more OXYGEN atoms of the P(=O)(O)3 structure. Note that several specific classes of endogenous phosphorus-containing compounds such as NUCLEOTIDES; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and PHOSPHOPROTEINS are listed elsewhere.

A class of enzymes that transfers phosphate groups and has a carboxyl group as an acceptor. EC 2.7.2.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic cocci parasitic in the mouth and in the intestinal and respiratory tracts of man and other animals.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP, acetate, and CoA to form AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl CoA. It acts also on propionates and acrylates. EC 6.2.1.1.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A rod-shaped bacterium surrounded by a sheath-like structure which protrudes balloon-like beyond the ends of the cell. It is thermophilic, with growth occurring at temperatures as high as 90 degrees C. It is isolated from geothermally heated marine sediments or hot springs. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group onto a nitrogenous group acceptor. EC 2.7.3.

Purification and characterization of two extremely thermostable enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase, from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima. (1/86)

Phosphate acetyltransferase (PTA) and acetate kinase (AK) of the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima have been purified 1,500- and 250-fold, respectively, to apparent homogeneity. PTA had an apparent molecular mass of 170 kDa and was composed of one subunit with a molecular mass of 34 kDa, suggesting a homotetramer (alpha4) structure. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed significant identity to that of phosphate butyryltransferases from Clostridium acetobutylicum rather than to those of known phosphate acetyltransferases. The kinetic constants of the reversible enzyme reaction (acetyl-CoA + Pi -->/<-- acetyl phosphate + CoA) were determined at the pH optimum of pH 6.5. The apparent Km values for acetyl-CoA, Pi, acetyl phosphate, and coenzyme A (CoA) were 23, 110, 24, and 30 microM, respectively; the apparent Vmax values (at 55 degrees C) were 260 U/mg (acetyl phosphate formation) and 570 U/mg (acetyl-CoA formation). In addition to acetyl-CoA (100%), the enzyme accepted propionyl-CoA (60%) and butyryl-CoA (30%). The enzyme had a temperature optimum at 90 degrees C and was not inactivated by heat upon incubation at 80 degrees C for more than 2 h. AK had an apparent molecular mass of 90 kDa and consisted of one 44-kDa subunit, indicating a homodimer (alpha2) structure. The N-terminal amino acid sequence showed significant similarity to those of all known acetate kinases from eubacteria as well that of the archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila. The kinetic constants of the reversible enzyme reaction (acetyl phosphate + ADP -->/<-- acetate + ATP) were determined at the pH optimum of pH 7.0. The apparent Km values for acetyl phosphate, ADP, acetate, and ATP were 0.44, 3, 40, and 0.7 mM, respectively; the apparent Vmax values (at 50 degrees C) were 2,600 U/mg (acetate formation) and 1,800 U/mg (acetyl phosphate formation). AK phosphorylated propionate (54%) in addition to acetate (100%) and used GTP (100%), ITP (163%), UTP (56%), and CTP (21%) as phosphoryl donors in addition to ATP (100%). Divalent cations were required for activity, with Mn2+ and Mg2+ being most effective. The enzyme had a temperature optimum at 90 degrees C and was stabilized against heat inactivation by salts. In the presence of (NH4)2SO4 (1 M), which was most effective, the enzyme did not lose activity upon incubation at 100 degrees C for 3 h. The temperature optimum at 90 degrees C and the high thermostability of both PTA and AK are in accordance with their physiological function under hyperthermophilic conditions. (+info)

Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (2/86)

The Corynebacterium glutamicum ack and pta genes encoding the acetate-activating enzymes acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase were isolated, subcloned on a plasmid and re-introduced into Corynebacterium glutamicum. Relative to the wild-type, the recombinant strains showed about tenfold higher specific activities of both enzymes. Sequence analysis of a 3657 bp DNA fragment revealed that the ack and pta genes are contiguous in the corynebacterial chromosome, with pta upstream and the last nucleotide of the pta stop codon (TAA) overlapping the first of the ack start codon (ATG). The predicted gene product of pta consists of 329 amino acids (Mr 35242), that of ack consists of 397 amino acids (Mr 43098) and the amino acid sequences of the two polypeptides show up to 60 % (phosphotransacetylase) and 53% (acetate kinase) identity in comparison with respective enzymes from other organisms. Northern (RNA) blot hybridizations using pta- and ack-specific probes and transcriptional cat fusion experiments revealed that the two genes are transcribed as a 2.5 kb bicistronic mRNA and that the expression of this operon is induced when Corynebacterium glutamicum grows on acetate instead of glucose as a carbon source. Directed inactivation of the chromosomal pta and ack genes led to the absence of detectable phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase activity in the respective mutants and to their inability to grow on acetate. These data indicate that no isoenzymes of acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase are present in Corynebacterium glutamicum and that a functional acetate kinase/phosphotransacetylase pathway is essential for growth of this organism on acetate. (+info)

Genes coding for phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase in Sinorhizobium meliloti are in an operon that is inducible by phosphate stress and controlled by phoB. (3/86)

Recent work in this laboratory has shown that the gene coding for acetate kinase (ackA) in Sinorhizobium meliloti is up-regulated in response to phosphate limitation. Characterization of the region surrounding ackA revealed that it is adjacent to pta, which codes for phosphotransacetylase, and that these two genes are part of an operon composed of at least two additional genes in the following order: an open reading frame (orfA), pta, ackA, and the partial sequence of a gene with an inferred peptide that has a high degree of homology to enoyl-ACP reductase (fabI). Experiments combining enzyme assays, a chromosomal lacZ::ackA transcriptional fusion, complementation analysis with cosmid subclones, and the creation of mutations in pta and ackA all indicated that the orfA-pta-ackA-fabI genes are cotranscribed in response to phosphate starvation. Primer extension was used to map the position of the phosphate starvation-inducible transcriptional start sites upstream of orfA. The start sites were found to be preceded by a sequence having similarity to PHO boxes from other phosphate-regulated genes in S. meliloti and to the consensus PHO box in Escherichia coli. Introduction of a phoB mutation in the wild-type strain eliminated elevated levels of acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase activities in response to phosphate limitation and also eliminated the phosphate stress-induced up-regulation of the ackA::lacZ fusion. Mutations in either ackA alone or both pta and ackA did not affect the nodulation or nitrogen fixation phenotype of S. meliloti. (+info)

Homofermentative production of D- or L-lactate in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli RR1. (4/86)

We investigated metabolic engineering of fermentation pathways in Escherichia coli for production of optically pure D- or L-lactate. Several pta mutant strains were examined, and a pta mutant of E. coli RR1 which was deficient in the phosphotransacetylase of the Pta-AckA pathway was found to metabolize glucose to D-lactate and to produce a small amount of succinate by-product under anaerobic conditions. An additional mutation in ppc made the mutant produce D-lactate like a homofermentative lactic acid bacterium. When the pta ppc double mutant was grown to higher biomass concentrations under aerobic conditions before it shifted to the anaerobic phase of D-lactate production, more than 62.2 g of D-lactate per liter was produced in 60 h, and the volumetric productivity was 1.04 g/liter/h. To examine whether the blocked acetate flux could be reoriented to a nonindigenous L-lactate pathway, an L-lactate dehydrogenase gene from Lactobacillus casei was introduced into a pta ldhA strain which lacked phosphotransacetylase and D-lactate dehydrogenase. This recombinant strain was able to metabolize glucose to L-lactate as the major fermentation product, and up to 45 g of L-lactate per liter was produced in 67 h. These results demonstrate that the central fermentation metabolism of E. coli can be reoriented to the production of D-lactate, an indigenous fermentation product, or to the production of L-lactate, a nonindigenous fermentation product. (+info)

Characterization of a group of anaerobically induced, fnr-dependent genes of Salmonella typhimurium. (5/86)

We have previously reported the isolation of a group of anaerobically regulated, fnr-dependent lac fusions in Salmonella typhimurium and have grouped these oxd genes into classes based on map position. In order to identify these genes, we have replaced the original Mud-lac fusion in a member of each oxd class with the much smaller Mud-cam element, cloned the fusion, and determined DNA sequence sufficient to define the oxd gene. Several of the fusions correspond to previously known genes from S. typhimurium or Escherichia coli: oxd-4 = cbiA and oxd-11 = cbiK, oxd-5 = hybB, oxd-7 = dcuB, oxd-8 = moaB, oxd-12 = dmsA, and oxd-14 = napB (aeg-46. 5). Two other fusions correspond to previously unknown loci: oxd-2 encodes an acetate/propionate kinase, and oxd-6 encodes a putative ABC transporter present in S. typhimurium but not in E. coli. (+info)

Catabolite regulation of the pta gene as part of carbon flow pathways in Bacillus subtilis. (6/86)

In Bacillus subtilis, the products of the pta and ackA genes, phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase, play a crucial role in the production of acetate, one of the most abundant by-products of carbon metabolism in this gram-positive bacterium. Although these two enzymes are part of the same pathway, only mutants with inactivated ackA did not grow in the presence of glucose. Inactivation of pta had only a weak inhibitory effect on growth. In contrast to pta and ackA in Escherichia coli, the corresponding B. subtilis genes are not cotranscribed. Expression of the pta gene was increased in the presence of glucose, as has been reported for ackA. The effects of the predicted cis-acting catabolite response element (CRE) located upstream from the promoter and of the trans-acting proteins CcpA, HPr, Crh, and HPr kinase on the catabolite regulation of pta were investigated. As for ackA, glucose activation was abolished in ccpA and hprK mutants and in the ptsH1 crh double mutant. Footprinting experiments demonstrated an interaction between CcpA and the pta CRE sequence, which is almost identical to the proposed CRE consensus sequence. This interaction occurs only in the presence of Ser-46-phosphorylated HPr (HPrSer-P) or Ser-46-phosphorylated Crh (CrhSer-P) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP). In addition to CcpA, carbon catabolite activation of the pta gene therefore requires at least two other cofactors, FBP and either HPr or Crh, phosphorylated at Ser-46 by the ATP-dependent Hpr kinase. (+info)

The role of histidines in the acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila. (7/86)

The role of histidine in the catalytic mechanism of acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila was investigated by diethylpyrocarbonate inactivation and site-directed mutagenesis. Inactivation was accompanied by an increase in absorbance at 240 nm with no change in absorbance at 280 nm, and treatment of the inactivated enzyme with hydroxylamine restored 95% activity, results that indicated diethylpyrocarbonate inactivates the enzyme by the specific modification of histidine. The substrates ATP, ADP, acetate, and acetyl phosphate protected against inactivation suggesting at least one active site where histidine is modified. Correlation of residual activity with the number of histidines modified, as determined by absorbance at 240 nm, indicated that a maximum of three histidines are modified per subunit, two of which are essential for full inactivation. Comparison of the M. thermophila acetate kinase sequence with 56 putative acetate kinase sequences revealed eight highly conserved histidines, three of which (His-123, His-180, and His-208) are perfectly conserved. Diethylpyrocarbonate inactivation of the eight histidine --> alanine variants indicated that His-180 and His-123 are in the active site and that the modification of both is necessary for full inactivation. Kinetic analyses of the eight variants showed that no other histidines are important for activity. Analysis of additional His-180 variants indicated that phosphorylation of His-180 is not essential for catalysis. Possible functions of His-180 are discussed. (+info)

Urkinase: structure of acetate kinase, a member of the ASKHA superfamily of phosphotransferases. (8/86)

Acetate kinase, an enzyme widely distributed in the Bacteria and Archaea domains, catalyzes the phosphorylation of acetate. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of Methanosarcina thermophila acetate kinase bound to ADP through crystallography. As we previously predicted, acetate kinase contains a core fold that is topologically identical to that of the ADP-binding domains of glycerol kinase, hexokinase, the 70-kDa heat shock cognate (Hsc70), and actin. Numerous charged active-site residues are conserved within acetate kinases, but few are conserved within the phosphotransferase superfamily. The identity of the points of insertion of polypeptide segments into the core fold of the superfamily members indicates that the insertions existed in the common ancestor of the phosphotransferases. Another remarkable shared feature is the unusual, epsilon conformation of the residue that directly precedes a conserved glycine residue (Gly-331 in acetate kinase) that binds the alpha-phosphate of ADP. Structural, biochemical, and geochemical considerations indicate that an acetate kinase may be the ancestral enzyme of the ASKHA (acetate and sugar kinases/Hsc70/actin) superfamily of phosphotransferases. (+info)

... the team concluded that the microbe likely acquired the ability to efficiently consume acetate using acetate kinase and ... Scientists hypothesize acetate kinase could be the urokinase in a major protein superfamily that includes actin. Evidence ... Recently researchers have proposed an evolution hypothesis for acetate kinase and phosphoacetyl transferase with genomic ... structure of acetate kinase, a member of the ASKHA superfamily of phosphotransferases". Journal of Bacteriology. 183 (2): 680- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanosarcina

Acetate formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. acetyl-CoA + phosphate → acetyl- ... The E. coli strain W3110 was genetically engineered to generate 2 moles of acetate for every 1 mole of glucose that undergoes ... For instance, strains for the increased production of ethanol, lactate, succinate and acetate have been developed due to the ... The mixture of end products produced by mixed acid fermentation includes lactate, acetate, succinate, formate, ethanol and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_acid_fermentation

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a phorbol ester receptor. Phorbol esters can stimulate PKC in a similar way to diglycerides. Phorbol ... In particular, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is used as a biomedical research tool in models of carcinogenesis. ... "Tumour promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate induces chromosomal damage via indirect action". Nature. 293 (5828): 144-6. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol_esters

González MI, Bannerman PG, Robinson MB (July 2003). "Phorbol myristate acetate-dependent interaction of protein kinase Calpha ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_amino_acid_transporter_3

It acts by inhibiting enzymes involved in the microbial metabolism, e.g. acetate kinase and L-glutamic acid decarboxylase. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_dicarbonate

As an activator of protein kinase C, it is a weak tumor promoter compared to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PDBu is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol_12,13-dibutyrate

Bacterial proteins involved are ferredoxin-NADP reductase, acetate kinase, and NADH-quinone oxidoreductase found in the ... it was discovered that several microbial proteins were altered such as butyrate kinase, enoyl coenzyme A (enoyl-CoA) hydratase ... "Genital injury signatures and microbiome alterations associated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate usage and intravaginal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaproteomics

Höller, Ulrich; König, Gabriele M.; Wright, Anthony D. (November 1999). "A New Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor from a Marine Isolate ... was found in ethyl acetate extract from U. botrytis. Ulocladium botrytis also synthesizes extracellular keratinases and can ... Additionally, a new tyrosine kinase (p56tck) inhibitor called ulocladol, with the molecular formula C16H14O7, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulocladium_botrytis

Its main products from fermenting fructose or maltose are lactate, acetate, ethanol, glycerol, and carbon dioxide. ... and carbamate kinase (CK). A fourth protein located at the cell membrane acts as transporter, allowing the antiporter exchange ... Finally, they produce antimicrobial compounds, such as organic acids (lactate, acetate, and others), bacteriocins, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limosilactobacillus_pontis

Creatine conversion to phosphocreatine is catalyzed by creatine kinase; spontaneous formation of creatinine occurs during the ... guanidino acetate, synthesized in the kidney from the amino acids arginine and glycine) by S-Adenosyl methionine. It is then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatinine

... interacts with RACK1 and is a substrate for the phosphorylation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated protein kinase C ... The protein kinase Ki-1/57 occurs in the nucleus". Am. J. Pathol. 140 (2): 473-82. PMC 1886443. PMID 1310832. Strausberg RL, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HABP4

... of the related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase in megakaryocytes upon stem cell factor and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation ... "Protein tyrosine kinase PYK2 involved in Ca(2+)-induced regulation of ion channel and MAP kinase functions". Nature. 376 (6543 ... Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTK2B gene. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ... "Entrez Gene: PTK2B PTK2B protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta". Soni D, Regmi SC, Wang DM, DebRoy A, Zhao YY, Vogel SM, Malik AB, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTK2B

... of the related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase in megakaryocytes upon stem cell factor and phorbol myristate acetate stimulation ... The proteins that bind to paxillin are diverse and include protein tyrosine kinases, such as Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK ... "Activation of pyk2/related focal adhesion tyrosine kinase and focal adhesion kinase in cardiac remodeling". The Journal of ... We also know that the binding of paxillin to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is critical for directing paxillin function. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxillin

The Rubottom group found that lead(IV) acetate in DCM or benzene gave good yields of acyclic and cyclic α-hydroxy esters after ... synthesized various derivatives of phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol to aid in the study of the various phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ... In order to synthesize α-hydroxy esters, different oxidants are needed such as NaOCl (see above), lead(IV) acetate, or a ... acetate or hypofluorous acid-acetonitrile (HOF-ACN). However, these α-hydroxylations do not proceed via silyl enol ether ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubottom_oxidation

... acetate, carbon dioxide and ATP by the combined actions of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxido-reductase, hydrogenase, acetate:succinate ... Superoxide dismutase, malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), ferredoxin, adenylate kinase and NADH:ferredoxin oxido-reductase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenosome

In addition to the previously known steroid compounds ergosta-7,22-diene-3-ol acetate and ergosta-4,6,8-(14),22-tetraene-3-one ... The activation of macrophages by AE2 might be mediated by a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway of signal transduction. ... "Activation of RAW 264.7 cells by Astraeus hygrometricus-derived heteroglucan through MAP kinase pathway". Cell Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astraeus_hygrometricus

NM23 is a suppressor active in melanoma, breast and colon cancers and apparently inhibits the functioning of a kinase enzyme ... Treating human breast cancer cells with dexamethasone medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) increases NM23 expression. Genes for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastasis_suppressor

... acetate and sugar kinases, Hsp70, actin). In A. aeolicus, the active site of the enzyme exists in a cleft between the two ... This can be accomplished via inhibition of polyphosphate kinase, enhancement of exopolyphosphatase activity, or both. ... which includes polyphosphate kinase [PPK] and PPX) and develop a wide variety of assays and techniques for quantification of ... by the lab of Nobel laureate Arthur Kornberg in 1993 and is part of the polyphosphate operon along with polyphosphate kinase, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exopolyphosphatase

... which in turn activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A phosphorylates Nav1.8 at intracellular sites, resulting in increased ... Hector TH (January 1975). "A simple method for making chromatographic records using transparent acetate sheet". The Journal of ... "Prostaglandin E2 promotes Na1.8 trafficking via its intracellular RRR motif through the protein kinase A pathway". Traffic. 11 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav1.8

... formation requires two enzymes: phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase. acetyl-CoA + phosphate → acetyl- ... Many industrial solvents are acetates, including methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, ethylhexyl acetate. Butyl ... acetate and basic zinc acetate. Commercially important acetate salts are aluminium acetate, used in dyeing, ammonium acetate, a ... "acetates" (hence, acetate of lead, acetate of aluminum, etc.). The simplest of these is hydrogen acetate (called acetic acid) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetate

... that are exclusively shared by all members of this genus in the proteins acetate kinase and O-methyltransferase. These CSIs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weizmannia

An example is the teratogen and carcinogen phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which is a plant terpene that activates protein ... kinase C, which promotes cancer, making it a useful investigative tool. There is also interest in creating small molecule ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_molecule

"Both acetate kinase and acetyl Coenzyme A synthetase are involved in acetate-stimulated change in the direction of flagellar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Eisenbach

It is used to produce cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), which is used in a wide variety of tools, paints, and coatings, and is ... whereas carnivores have butyrate-producing bacterial communities dominated by the butyrate kinase pathway. Butyrate's effects ... MCT1 and MCT4 have also been associated with the transport of short chain fatty acids such as acetate and formate which are ... Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which are produced by gut microbial fermentation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyric_acid

... was found to be 5-10 times more potent in cell lines sensitive to protein kinase C (PKC) agonists, 12-o- ... tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and was shown to cause cell death via apoptosis. Torreyanic acid also promoted G1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torreyanic_acid

Tseng SS, van Duuren BL, Solomon JJ (1977). "Synthesis of 4aα-Phorbol 9-Myristate 9a-Acetate and Related Esters". J. Org. Chem ... Moscat, Jorge; Diaz-Meco, María T; Rennert, Paul (January 2003). "NF-κB activation by protein kinase C isoforms and B-cell ... The esters bind to PKC in a similar way to its natural ligand, diacylglycerol, and activate the kinase. Diacylglycerol is ... Blumberg PM (1988). "Protein Kinase C as the Receptor for the Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoters: Sixth Rhoads Memorial Award ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phorbol

Acetate esters, Furans, Lactones, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, Covalent inhibitors). ... some phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) at high ... "Acetyl-L-carnitine ameliorates spatial memory deficits induced by inhibition of phosphoinositol-3 kinase and protein kinase C ... a widely used phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, also potently inhibits mammalian polo-like kinase". Chemistry & Biology. 12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wortmannin

The Arc B sensor kinase, which is a tripartite protein, is membrane bound and can autophosphorylate. The Arc System was first ... Acetate, and D-Lactate. The Arc system connects the electron transport chain to regulation of certain genes, allowing aerobic ... ArcB is a membrane bound sensor histidine kinase. It is unusualy in that it contains three distinct signaling domains. It ... Under many growth conditions where oxygen is not present, the ArcB sensor kinase (which is membrane-bound) turns to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc_system

... glatiramer acetate, quinpramine, fasudil (an inhibitor of the Rho-kinase enzyme), and the heart drug flecainide. An antibody ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillain–Barré_syndrome

... increase the production efficiency of isoamyl acetate. Isoamyl acetate is used industrially for artificial flavoring and for ... Recent experiments have shown that over expression of the enzyme pantothenate kinase and supplementation of pantothenic acid in ... In addition to the production of isoamyl acetate, the manipulation of CoA biosynthesis during the pyruvate hydrogenase reaction ... This increased concentration of cofactors resulted in an increased carbon flux in the isoamyl acetate synthesis pathway, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofactor_engineering

Main article: Pyruvate kinase. The final step of glycolysis is catalysed by pyruvate kinase to form pyruvate and another ATP. ... converting its acetate component into CO2 and water, with the release of enough energy to form 11 ATP and 1 GTP molecule for ... During fasting (no glucose available), glucagon activates protein kinase A which phosphorylates pyruvate kinase to inhibit it.[ ... Triose kinase. References[edit]. *^ Alfarouk KO, Verduzco D, Rauch C, Muddathir AK, Adil HH, Elhassan GO, et al. (18 December ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

A review confirmed vitamin E acetate as a causitive agent.[108] Pyrolysis of vitamin E acetate produces a range of toxic gases. ... Vitamin E affects gene expression[22] and is an enzyme activity regulator, such as for protein kinase C (PKC) - which plays a ... These E numbers include all racemic forms and acetate esters thereof.[52] Commonly found on food labels in Europe and some ... Although there is widespread use of tocopheryl acetate as a topical medication, with claims for improved wound healing and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervitaminosis_E

... ramie or synthetic fibres such as rayon and acetate derived from plant cellulose. Thread used to sew cloth likewise comes in ... 89 The DNA checkpoint kinase ATM has a key role in integrating progression through germination with repair responses to the DNA ... "A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the rice disease resistance gene, XA21". Science. 270 (5243): 1804-1806. Bibcode ... "FLS2: an LRR receptor-like kinase involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor flagellin in Arabidopsis". Molecular ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plants

Konopacka, Agnieszka; Konopacki, Filip A.; Albrecht, Jan (2009). "Protein Kinase G Is Involved in Ammonia-induced Swelling of ... the process generating lead acetate, known as "sugar of lead".[20] In part, neurotoxins have been part of human history because ... within the cells which leads to Protein Kinase G-mediated (PKG) cytoskeletal modifications.[46] The resultant effect of this ... It is this intracellular calcium increase that activates protein kinase C (PKC), which manifests as learning deficits in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxin

In many organisms it is O-phosphorylated by a kinase preparatory to further metabolism. This is especially important in ... Racemic threonine can be prepared from crotonic acid by alpha-functionalization using mercury(II) acetate.[17] ... In addition, threonine residues undergo phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase. In its phosphorylated form, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine

... decomposes rapidly in solutions of ammonium acetate or the acetates, carbonates, citrates, or hydroxides of the alkali ... In 2012, salicylic acid was found to activate AMP-activated protein kinase, which has been suggested as a possible explanation ... In solution with alkalis, the hydrolysis proceeds rapidly and the clear solutions formed may consist entirely of acetate and ... "The ancient drug salicylate directly activates AMP-activated protein kinase". Science. 336 (6083): 918-22. Bibcode:2012Sci... ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin

Binding of the hormone to insulin receptors on cells then activates a cascade of protein kinases that cause the cells to take ... Ensign SA (July 2006). "Revisiting the glyoxylate cycle: alternate pathways for microbial acetate assimilation". Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

Oral repletion via tablets (e.g. zinc gluconate) or liquid (e.g. zinc acetate). Oral zinc supplementation in healthy infants ... Nuttall JR, Oteiza PI (January 2012). "Zinc and the ERK kinases in the developing brain". Neurotoxicity Research. 21 (1): 128- ... Oral repletion via multivitamin/mineral supplements containing zinc gluconate, sulfate, or acetate. It is not clear whether one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_deficiency

Protein kinases can also be inhibited by competition at the binding sites where the kinases interact with their substrate ... acetate and choline. This is somewhat unusual among neurotransmitters as most, including serotonin, dopamine, and ... Hence kinase inhibitors such as imatinib are frequently used to treat malignancies. Janus kinases are another notable example ... A notable class of kinase drug targets is the receptor tyrosine kinases which are essential enzymes that regulate cell growth; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor

Ballongue, Jean; Amine, Jamel; Gay, Peptitdemange; Gay, Robert (July 1986). "Regulation of acetate kinase and butyrate kinase ... Butyrate kinase is active within the human colon. To form butyrate, two molecules of acetyl-CoA are combined and reduced to ... One study has previously found that butyrate kinase is not regulated by its end-products or other acids such as acetic acid, ... Butyryl-phosphate is then converted into butyrate by using butyrate kinase and in the process, releases ATP. Butyrate plays an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butyrate_kinase

Navas TA, Baldwin DT, Stewart TA (November 1999). "RIP2 is a Raf1-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase". The ... The AP-1 binding site was identified as the 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) response element (TRE) with the ... Manicassamy S, Gupta S, Huang Z, Sun Z (June 2006). "Protein kinase C-theta-mediated signals enhance CD4+ T cell survival by up ... Many of these stimuli activate the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) leading to the phosphorylation of Jun proteins and enhanced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B § Agonists Jang SW, Liu X, Chan CB, France SA, Sayeed I, Tang W, et al. (July 2010). " ... Acetate esters, Antidepressants, 3-Furyl compounds, Neuroprotective agents, Nootropics, Triterpenes, TrkB agonists). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxygedunin

... a kinase; KRAS, a GTPase that functions in signal transduction; and CTNNB1, involved in adhesion and cell signaling. The CTNNB1 ... megestrol acetate, and medroxyprogesterone. This treatment is effective in endometrial stromal sarcomas because they typically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancer

... megestrol acetate, dydrogesterone, drospirenone) Selective progesterone receptor modulators (e.g., ulipristal acetate, ... In vitro phosphorylation by casein kinase II". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (49): 31034-40. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258( ... telapristone acetate, vilaprisan, asoprisnil, asoprisnil ecamate) Antiprogestogens (e.g., mifepristone, aglepristone, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_receptor

"Hyperphosphorylation of a novel 80 kDa protein-tyrosine kinase similar to Ltk in a human Ki-1 lymphoma cell line, AMS3". ... "A variant CD30 protein lacking extracellular and transmembrane domains is induced in HL-60 by tetradecanoylphorbol acetate and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD30

CoA is a competitive inhibitor for Pantothenate Kinase, which normally binds ATP. Coenzyme A, three ADP, one monophosphate, and ... "activation of acetate". In 1953, Fritz Lipmann won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for his discovery of co-enzyme A ... dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase (COASY, DPCK; CoaE). This final step ... phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase (PanK; CoaA; CoaX). This is the committed step in CoA biosynthesis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_A

These enzymes include two cytochrome P450 enzymes (FosJ and FosK), one homoserine kinase (FosH), and one NAD-dependent ... "Protein phosphatase 2A enhances activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by phorbol myristate acetate". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fostriecin

Vieille C; Krishnamurthy H; Hyun HH; Savchenko A; Yan H; Zeikus JG (June 2003). "Thermotoga neapolitana adenylate kinase is ... Thermotoga neapolitana is unable to metabolize acetate, lactate, formate, pyruvate, propionate, mannitol, ethanol, methanol, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermotoga_neapolitana

Tapping into her kinase expertise in drug discovery efforts, she became a scientific liaison to the Division of Signal ... "Phorbol myristate acetate inhibits growth in S49 cells: Isolation of resistant variants". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 132 ( ... Her kinase expertise helped connect scientists across a wide array of therapeutic discovery efforts within Pfizer where she led ... Leach, K.L., Powers, E.A., Ruff, V.A., Jaken, S. and Kaufmann, S. Type 3 protein kinase C localization to the nuclear envelope ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Leach

TEV-44229 (renamed RXDX-108) a potent inhibitor of the kinase PKCiota In July 2019, the company stopped production of ... Teva also manufactures generic medications for use outside of the US; Cyproterone acetate and Moclobemide being two examples. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teva_Pharmaceuticals

Lin WJ, Chang YF, Wang WL, Huang CY (March 2001). "Mitogen-stimulated TIS21 protein interacts with a protein-kinase-Calpha- ... tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-inducible sequence 21) protein in mouse. Tis21 had been originally isolated as a sequence induced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTG2

Racemic threonine can be prepared from crotonic acid by alpha-functionalization using mercury(II) acetate. Dawson, R.M.C., et ... In many organisms it is O-phosphorylated by a kinase preparatory to further metabolism. This is especially important in ... In addition, threonine residues undergo phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase. In its phosphorylated form, ... aspartokinase β-aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase homoserine dehydrogenase homoserine kinase threonine synthase. Threonine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine

As a modulator of protein kinase C, it has been shown to exhibit promising therapeutic potential against other diseases such as ... Acetate esters, Diterpenes, Cyclopropanes, Cyclopentenes, Phorbol esters). ... Prostratin is a protein kinase C activator found in the bark of the mamala tree of Samoa, Homalanthus nutans (Euphorbiaceae). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostratin

Each ketone of the incorporated acetate group is selectively modified by a ketoreductase (KR), dehydratase (DH), or ... "Tautomycetin and tautomycin suppress the growth of medullary thyroid cancer cells via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautomycetin

In maturing keratinocytes, mS100a7a15 is induced by calcium mediated differentiation dependent on protein kinase C (PKC). It is ... TPA (12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), a potent PKC activator, induces mS100a7a15 expression. TPA induces mS100a7a15 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS100a7a15

In molecular biology, acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1), which is predominantly found in micro-organisms, facilitates the production ... The growth of a bacterial mutant lacking acetate kinase has been shown to be inhibited by glucose, suggesting that the enzyme ... Grundy FJ, Waters DA, Allen SH, Henkin TM (November 1993). "Regulation of the Bacillus subtilis acetate kinase gene by CcpA". J ... Salmonella typhimurium propionate kinase (StTdcD) catalyzes reversible transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to propionate during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetate_kinase

Antineoplastic, mTOr Kinase Inhibitor. Class Summary. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOr), a serine-threonine kinase is ... Octreotide acetate (Sandostatin). *View full drug information. Acts similarly to the natural hormone somatostatin and can ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/283039-108714/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-antineoplastic-mtor-kinase-inhibitor-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-insulinoma

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/283039-medication

The exception is 2-aminopurine, a protein kinase inhibitor which has been shown to have an action similar to that of caffeine ... 12-O-tetranodecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), has been reported to show a radiomimetic action because it transiently delays ... which are modulated in opposite senses by mechanisms involving protein kinase inhibition. ... The tumour promoter and protein kinase C agonist, ... acetate is enhanced by caffeine and by the protein kinase ...

https://www.oncology.ox.ac.uk/publications/569523

Crystal Structure of the Human vaccinia-related kinase bound to a N,N-dipropynyl-dihydropteridine inhibitor ... ACETATE ION. C2 H3 O2. QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M. Ligand Interaction. ... Serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK1. A, B, C, D. 364. Homo sapiens. Mutation(s): 11 Gene Names: VRK1. EC: 2.7.11.1. ... Crystal Structure of the Human vaccinia-related kinase bound to a N,N-dipropynyl-dihydropteridine inhibitor. dos Reis, C.V., de ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/6CMM

Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase is necessary for 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced cell transformation and activated ... Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase is necessary for 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced cell transformation and activated ... Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase is necessary for 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced cell transformation and activated ... title = "Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase is necessary for 12-O- tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced cell transformation and ...

https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-is-necessary-for-12-o-tetradecanoyl

13-acetate is mediated by protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase activity. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ... 13-acetate is mediated by protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase activity. ...

https://experts.unthsc.edu/en/publications/enhancement-of-5-hydroxytryptaminesub3asub-receptor-function-by-p/fingerprints/

Keywords: AMP-activated Protein Kinase; Bovine Adipocyte; Chromium Acetate INTRODUCTION. Chromium (Cr) is the 21st most ... Sodium acetate was added with the differentiation media to investigate the effect of acetate. After 96 h of incubation ... Sodium acetate was added with the differentiation media to investigate the effect of acetate. After 96 h of incubation ... To ensure the treatment effects are due to the addition of chromium source, rather than acetate, sodium acetate (NaAc) was ...

https://www.animbiosci.org/journal/view.php?number=24339&viewtype=pubreader

Elevation of creatine kinase may occur. Clinical improvement or recovery after stopping corticosteroids may require weeks to ... METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE (UNII: 43502P7F0P) (METHYLPREDNISOLONE - UNII:X4W7ZR7023) METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE. 40 mg in 1 mL ... METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE (UNII: 43502P7F0P) (METHYLPREDNISOLONE - UNII:X4W7ZR7023) METHYLPREDNISOLONE ACETATE. 80 mg in 1 mL ... Methylprednisolone acetate injectable suspension, USP contains methylprednisolone acetate, USP which is the 6-methyl derivative ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8ea42650-21cd-49e4-92c8-48f2eeaf95bc&audience=professional

... via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in HepG2 ... PGE: prostaglandin E; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; LPS: ... and extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK) and suppressed the TNF-α-induced mitogen activated protein kinase-1 (MEK1) activity ... and mitogen activated protein kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) activities in mouse epidermal cells. Br. J. Nutr. 2010, 104, 957-964. [ ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/4/212/htm

Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA =, acetate [PATH:map01120]. M00580 Pentose phosphate pathway, ...

https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?map01120

... it has for regulating Zhan Nasi kinase activity, and have and be used for the treatment of the disease relevant to Zhan Nasi ... kinase activity, comprise such as immune correlated disease, tetter, myeloproliferative illness, cancer and other diseases. ... 229920002301 Cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1 * BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cetyl alcohol Chemical compound data: ... CN103524509B - The salt of Zhan Nasi kinase inhibitor (R)-3-(4-(7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d] pyrimidine-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-3- ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103524509B/en

M00172 C4-dicarboxylic acid cycle, NADP - malic enzyme type ...

https://www.genome.jp/kegg-bin/show_pathway?map00620+C00084

Tielens AG, van Grinsven KW, Henze K, van Hellemond JJ, Martin W. Acetate formation in the energy metabolism of parasitic ... Enzymes indicated are: PK, pyruvate kinase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase, PEPCK, phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP dependent ... After entering the mitochondria, some malate is oxidized to acetate, and some is reduced to succinate and transformed to ... part of the malate is oxidized to acetate (yellow) while other fraction reduced to succinate and further transformed to ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1006537

... lactone bryostatin 1 activates protein kinase C as effectively as the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA ... Bryostatin 1, an activator of protein kinase c, mimics as well as inhibits biological effects of the phorbol ester TPA in vivo ... Bryostatin 1, an activator of protein kinase c, mimics as well as inhibits biological effects of the phorbol ester TPA in vivo ... Bryostatin 1, an activator of protein kinase c, mimics as well as inhibits biological effects of the phorbol ester TPA in vivo ...

https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/bryostatin-1-an-activator-of-protein-kinase-c-mimics-as-well-as-i

4-aminophenylmercuric acetate. Comma/PDK1:. Comma-1D mouse mammary epithelial cells stably expressing PDK1 ... Protein kinase B kinases that mediate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5- trisphosphate-dependent activation of protein kinase B. ... Filippa N, Sable CL, Hemmings BA, Van Obberghen E: Effect of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 on protein kinase B ... Dutil EM, Toker A, Newton AC: Regulation of conventional protein kinase C isozymes by phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK- ...

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-6-77

Selective CaM kinase kinase inhibitor. Cited in 38 publications. ... View and buy high purity STO-609 acetate from Tocris Bioscience ... STO-609 acetate is a selective, cell-permeable inhibitor of Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (Ki values are 80 ... Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta is an alternative upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Metab ... Keywords: STO-609 acetate, STO-609 acetate supplier, Selective, CaM, kinases, inhibitors, inhibits, Ca2+, Binding, Protein, ...

https://www.tocris.com/products/sto-609-acetate_1551

Another study detected central glutamates in the acetate kinase from the Methanosaeta thermophila. Acetate kinase is an enzyme ... The substituted enzymes produced undetectable kinase activity. These results imply that the glutamates in the acetate kinase ... 2) Identification of Essential Glutamates in the Acetate Kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila. Singh-Wissmann K, Ingram-Smith ... "alignment of the amino acid sequences for the acetate kinases from E. coli (Bacteria domain), Methanosarcina thermophila ( ...

https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Methanosaeta_thermophila&direction=prev&oldid=44652

Modulation of inflammatory cytokines and mitogen-activated protein kinases by acetate in primary astrocytes. J Neuroimmune ... Acetate utilization and butyryl coenzyme A (CoA): Acetate-CoA transferase in butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large ... except for acetate that is not oxidized in the liver (76). Therefore, only a minor fraction of colon-derived acetate, ... Acetate reduces microglia inflammatory signaling in vitro. J Neurochem. (2012) 123:555-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07955. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.00025/full

M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:T30489_00430 T30489_00620 T30489_00720 ...

https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/show_organism?menu_type=pathway_modules&org=T30489

... acetate kinase), EC 2.7.2.2 (carbamate kinase), EC 2.7.2.3 (phosphoglycerate kinase), EC 2.7.2.4 (aspartate kinase), EC 2.7.2.7 ... acetate kinase), EC 2.7.2.2 (carbamate kinase), EC 2.7.2.3 (phosphoglycerate kinase), EC 2.7.2.4 (aspartate kinase), EC 2.7.2.7 ... butyrate kinase), EC 2.7.2.8 (acetylglutamate kinase), EC 2.7.2.11 (glutamate 5-kinase) and EC 2.7.2.15 (propionate kinase). We ... butyrate kinase), EC 2.7.2.8 (acetylglutamate kinase), EC 2.7.2.11 (glutamate 5-kinase) and EC 2.7.2.15 (propionate kinase). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-14055-7?error=cookies_not_supported

Catalytically competent PKCα is required for this event, since LNCaP cells that are transfected with a kinase-dead PKCα ... 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced decrease in ataxia-telengiectasia mutated (ATM) protein levels is mediated ... Cellular, Molecular, and Tumor Biology 110: Protein Kinase C Signaling, April 01 2004 ... protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, decreases ATM protein levels and induces apoptosis. Co-treatment of these cells with TPA and ...

https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/64/7_Supplement/1187/516603/12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-TPA-induced

... which act as protein degradation inducing moieties for cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8). The present application also relates ... Examples of particular esters include, but are not limited to, formates, acetates, propionates, butyrates, acrylates and ... Cyclin-dependent kinase is a kinase family integrating multiple signaling pathways to control either cell cycle or gene ... In some embodiments, the kinase is CDK8.. In another aspect, the application provides a method of inhibiting a kinase, ...

https://patents.justia.com/patent/20210040093

Ethyl acetate is used as the eluting solvent, and elution is monitored by HPTLC (silica gel 60, ethyl acetate as the developing ... A patient suffering from C-tar kinase-mediated cancer is treated with ISIS-2503 (SEQ ID NO: 10), ISIS-2570 (SEQ ID NO: 11) or ... Justia Patents US Patent for Oligonucleotides for modulating protein kinase C having phosphorothioate linkages of high chiral ... A patient suffering from C-raf kinase-mediated cancer is treated with ISIS-5132, an oligonucleotide synthesized according to ...

https://patents.justia.com/patent/5620963

TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases Medicine & Life Sciences 19% * Acetates Medicine & Life Sciences 17% ... for both normal epidermal proliferation and the hyperproliferative response to treatment with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate ( ... for both normal epidermal proliferation and the hyperproliferative response to treatment with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate ( ... for both normal epidermal proliferation and the hyperproliferative response to treatment with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate ( ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/conditional-disruption-of-rictor-demonstrates-a-direct-requiremen

M00579 Phosphate acetyltransferase-acetate kinase pathway, acetyl-CoA => acetate [PATH:T30379_00430 T30379_00620 T30379_00720 ...

https://www.kegg.jp/kegg-bin/show_organism?menu_type=pathway_modules&org=T30379

admin March 3, 2018 Alpha7 Nicotinic Receptors Aviptadil Acetate, MK-5108 Mechanisms underlying therapy resistance of tumor ... Aviptadil Acetate 12. Peinelt C, Vig M, Koomoa DL, Beck A, Nadler MJ, Koblan-Huberson M, Lis A, Fleig A, Penner R, Kinet JP. ... Mechanisms underlying therapy resistance of tumor cells include protein kinase Akt.. Genomics Proteomics and Bioinformatics , ... Alpha7 Nicotinic Receptors , Mechanisms underlying therapy resistance of tumor cells include protein kinase Akt. ...

http://www.bioinf.org/2018/03/03/mechanisms-underlying-therapy-resistance-of-tumor-cells-include-protein-kinase-akt/

The corticosteroid hydrocortisone and the mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone acetate can be used in combination in patients ... Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Class Summary. These agents are used to inhibit catecholamine synthesis in pheochromocytoma. ... The combination of fludrocortisone acetate tablets with a glucocorticoid, such as hydrocortisone or cortisone, provides ...

https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/123447-medication

Then, cells were lysed with 100 μL of lysis buffer (1% Triton X-100, 120 mg sodium acetate in 120 mM sodium acetate buffer) for ... Monosodium Urate in the Presence of RANKL Promotes Osteoclast Formation through Activation of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase. Jung- ... We also sought to identify the role of cytoplasmic protein kinases and transcription factors downstream of the RANKL-RANK ... Cells (4 × 106) pretreated with specific mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors such as U0126 for ERK, SP600125 for ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2015/597512/

acetate kinase. 41. SEQF2753,CP012074.1. AKU68352.1 jb [NA] [AA] 1044/347. 58962-57919. phosphotransacetylase. ...

https://www.homd.org/genome/explorer?gid=SEQF2753&anno=ncbi

Acetate kinase is an enzyme which catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation (adding a phosphate group) of acetate. (kenyon.edu)
We developed a differential method to reveal kinase-specific phosphorylation events in live cells. (soton.ac.uk)
We demonstrate the utility of this method for detecting kinase substrates in rare tissue by focusing on extracellular signal-regulated kinase-specific phosphorylation of stathmin/OP18 in primary rat sympathetic neurons. (soton.ac.uk)
Phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase, converting acetyl-CoA to acetate with a concomitant substrate-level phosphorylation, were neither regulated by glucose nor by CcpA. (biomedcentral.com)
Hormone of the oestrogen group which are the the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 in human B lymphocyte. (bonnieterry.com)
VEGF caused a striking and transient increase in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity and stimulated phospholipase C-gamma tyrosine phosphorylation, but it had no effect on phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase activity. (immuno-research.com)
VEGF caused a marked increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of p125 focal adhesion kinase (p125(FAK)), which was both rapid and concentration-dependent. (immuno-research.com)
Thrombin and the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, also increased p125(FAK) tyrosine phosphorylation in HUVECs. (immuno-research.com)
The effect of VEGF on p125(FAK) tyrosine phosphorylation was completely inhibited by the actin filament-disrupting agent cytochalasin D and was partially inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor GF109203X. (immuno-research.com)
Inhibition of the MAP kinase pathway using a specific inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase had no effect on p125(FAK) tyrosine phosphorylation. (immuno-research.com)
IRAK-1 is usually cis-Urocanic acid activated by phosphorylation and associates with TRAF6, thereby activating the IKK complex cis-Urocanic acid and leading to activation of MAP kinases and NF-B3, 7C9. (groundwater-2011.net)
However, neither the quinone analogs (ubiquinone 0 and menadione) nor the cytosolic effectors (d-lactate, acetate, and pyruvate) affect the net phosphorylation of M. succiniciproducens ArcB. (kribb.re.kr)
13-acetate (PMA) a molecule which activates proteins kinase C (PKC) leading to the phosphorylation of important sub-units from the NADPH oxidase complicated [19]. (web-succes.com)
Serine 1981 phosphorylated ATM, an lively form of a kinase involved in serine 139 phosphorylation of H2AX, was also elevated in exposed BJ cells and accumulated in DNA injury nuclear foci, read more here likewise as 53BP1, one more issue participating in DNA DSB sensing and repair. (hsdpathway.com)
Furthermore we discovered that crotepoxide inhibited TAK1 activation which resulted in suppression of IκBα kinase abrogation of IκBα phosphorylation and degradation nuclear translocation of p65 and suppression of NF-κB-dependent reporter gene manifestation. (biomaterials-2011-dfg-nsf-conference.com)

Furthermore, wortmannin and LY294002, two PI-3 kinase inhibitors, markedly decreased AP-1 activity induced by insulin, TPA, or TPA and insulin and inhibited JB6 promotion-sensitive cell transformation induced by TPA or TPA and insulin. (umn.edu)
Linda T. Vahdat, MD, mentions several ongoing clinical trials combining PI3 kinase inhibitors with mTOR inhibitors for women with MBC. (onclive.com)
We studied NET production in neutrophils from healthy donors with inhibitors of molecules crucial to PMA-induced NETs including protein kinase C, calcium, reactive oxygen species, the enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase. (elifesciences.org)
In the period of far better and contemporary checkpoint inhibitors, following steps could possibly be consideration of tyrosine kinase IDO or inhibitors inhibitors in conjunction with anti-PD-1 therapy. (annumed.net)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the two types of targeted treatment medications. (sgnewss.in)
Three lines of evidence indicate that this step involves protein kinase C. First, in a micelle system and in platelets, long-chain bases are inhibitors of this enzyme (Hannun, Y., Loomis, C., Merrill, A., and Bell, R.M. (1986) J. Biol. (tamu.edu)
Spermine-stimulated amino acid transport was inhibited by pharmacological inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC). (tnrhcp.com)
More importantly, MEK1/2 inhibitors significantly increased the TLR9-mediated IFN-I production blocked in both GEN2.2 cells and primary pDCs upon stimulation of BCR-like or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. (crcm-marseille.fr)
Background: The enrichment of cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs) has been considered to be responsible for tumor progression after an initial response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC/ADC). (researchsquare.com)
Ritlecitinib is the first in a new investigational class of covalent kinase inhibitors that have high selectivity for Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) and members of the oral Janus kinase. (bracknellshopmobility.org)

We also sought to identify the role of cytoplasmic protein kinases and transcription factors downstream of the RANKL-RANK signaling pathway and of IL-1 in osteoclast formation. (hindawi.com)
Then, the cells were treated for 2 hours to stimulate the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway via PGF2α and phorbol 12-myristat 13-acetate (PMA), and the calcium signaling pathway via the calcium ionophore (A23187). (unh.edu)
During the 2- to 3-h time period after intravenous injection, when PET with 18 F-FLT or 18 F-FMAU usually is performed, the activity of thymidine kinase (TK), a key enzyme in the salvage pathway of DNA synthesis, affects the cellular retention (or trapping) of these tracers. (snmjournals.org)
In the canonical type I IFN-induced signaling pathway, IFN- activates Janus kinase 1 and tyrosine kinase 2, which phosphorylate the cytoplasmic transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT226, 27. (groundwater-2011.net)
Both calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), or prolonged incubation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, to downregulate the PKC pathway, partially inhibited the stimulatory effect of CT on Na+-P(i) cotransport in OK-7A cells. (uab.edu)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Thymidylate Kinase: Structural Studies of Intermediates along the Reaction Pathway. (expasy.org)
Eupalmerin acetate, a novel anticancer agent from Caribbean gorgonian octocorals, induce s apoptosis in malignant glioma cells via the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway. (edu.sa)
In this study we identify a cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) cascade as a biochemical pathway critical for controlling low-oxygen tolerance in the adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster . (biologists.com)
The oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently mutated and hyper-activated in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (pcf.org)
Treatment of PC12Pi cells with basic fibroblast growth factor, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, a potent activator of protein kinase C, did not increase the GAP43 mRNA steady-state level, suggesting that LCMV infection interferes with a step downstream from protein kinases A and C in the NGF signal transduction pathway. (scripps.edu)

The exception is 2-aminopurine, a protein kinase inhibitor which has been shown to have an action similar to that of caffeine is allowing progression of the cell cycle to mitosis after the inhibition of DNA synthesis, without affecting normal cycle progression through G2. (ox.ac.uk)
It is concluded that the G2 delays induced by ionizing radiation and by TPA operate by different mechanisms, which are modulated in opposite senses by mechanisms involving protein kinase inhibition. (ox.ac.uk)
Pharmacological inhibition of ceramidase activity or activation PKC activity with 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or diacylglycerol (DAG) decreased endogenous APP mRNA levels in ABCA2 overexpressing cells. (growkudos.com)

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We also found that insulin, a PI-3 kinase activator, enhanced TPA-induced AP-1 transactivation and transformation in JB6 promotion-sensitive cells. (umn.edu)
The RLC sites phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) (Ser1/Ser2) were unphosphorylated in the basal state, not affected by nutrients or KCl, and only slightly increased by the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). (garvan.org.au)
PURPOSE: To identify the protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) and define their subcellular location in the resting state and in response to the PKC activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). (duke.edu)
The effect of spermine on amino acid transport and TNFalpha secretion was mimicked by the diacylglycerol analog, OAG, and by the PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). (tnrhcp.com)
In contrast, IL-5 and the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) did not produce cytoplasmic alkalinization and had no effect on [Ca 2+ ] i in eosinophils. (umn.edu)

Most importantly, constitutive overexpression of the dominant negative PI-3 kinase P85 mutants completely blocked insulin- or TPA-induced AP-1 trans-activation and TPA-induced cell transformation. (umn.edu)
All evidence from present studies suggests that PI-3 kinase acts as a mediator in TPA-induced AP-1 activation and transformation in JB6 cells. (umn.edu)
During activation of anaerobic bioreactors, Methanosaeta species are widespread due to the high acetate concentration. (kenyon.edu)
Direct evidence for an important role of sphingomyelinase in ultraviolet-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. (cdc.gov)
However, the role of sphingomyelinase in UV-induced c-June N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation is still unclear. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced JNK activation could be observed in both JY and MS1418 cells. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this study is to investigate the formation process, isolation and characterization of MVs released from RBCs under conditions of stimulating Ca 2+ uptake and activation of protein kinase C. Methods: Experiments were performed based on single cell fluorescence imaging, fluorescence activated cell sorter/flow cytometer (FACS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). (aston.ac.uk)
Conclusion: An increase of intracellular Ca2+ or an activation of protein kinase C leads to the formation and release of MVs in human RBCs. (aston.ac.uk)
Activation of protein kinase C by TPA appears to be part of the mechanism to cause archidonic acid release. (elsevier.com)
However, it is unclear if induction of prostaglandin H synthase also involves activation of protein kinase C. Bryostatin 1 is known to activate protein kinase C and to mimic some of the effects of TPA. (elsevier.com)
Form a type of oestrogen anything that seems through the activation of MAP kinase (MAPKs) intracellular cascade, inflammatory stimuli induce the production of transcription factors. (condorviajes.com)
Limtrakul P, Chearwae W and Leukamharn S, Inhibitory effect of curcumin on TPA (12-O-Tetrahydrodecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate) - Induced Activation of Protein Kinase C Isoenzyme epsilon and c-fos protein level in human Keratinocytes. (linode.com)
concerned in activation of cell cycle checkpoints, checkpoint kinase Chk2 and tumor suppressor p53, had been detected in cells exposed to all 3 varieties of senescence conditioned media followed from day 10 and continuing to day twenty applying antibodies against phospho threonine 68 of Chk2 and phospho serine 15 of p53, respectively. (hsdpathway.com)
Been described in wasps (19) appropriate to re-evaluate the hematocrit due to the activation of p38 MAP kinase 77, which may result in a failure to recruit a distinct coactivator(s). (checkrankings.com)
Incensole acetate, isolated from Boswellia Resin , is a novel anti-inflammatory compound that inhibits NF-κB activation. (selleckchem.com)
it inhibited NF-κB activation induced by TNF phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate cigarette and lipopolysaccharide smoke cigarettes. (biomaterials-2011-dfg-nsf-conference.com)
gov-2 simply because signaling intermediates in the 64 integrin-dependent account activation of phosphoinositide 3-Oh yeah kinase and advertising of breach. (plant-finder.com)

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOr), a serine-threonine kinase is dysregulated in several human cancers. (medscape.com)
The casein kinase two complex, CK2, is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase complex which plays roles in cell growth and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
PKC is certainly a family group of serine/threonine phospholipid-dependent kinases that are mediators of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, motility, and adhesion (26, 27). (globaltechbiz.com)
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is certainly a ubiquitously portrayed and extremely conserved serine-threonine protein kinase that adjusts mobile replies to a wide range of extracellular stimuli. (gonzalezgass.com)

A related enzyme, butyrate kinase, facilitates the formation of butyryl-CoA by phosphorylating butyrate in the presence of ATP to form butyryl phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
The SCFAs acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the main metabolites produced in the colon by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch ( 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
It produces by-products such as ethanol, acetate, n-butanol, n-butyrate and hydrogen from amino acid catabolism. (cyberleninka.org)

Gym methenolone acetate, donde puedo comprar esteroides en. (nomenosg.com)

Additionally, she describes that trials are also looking at the agent abiraterone acetate for MBC. (onclive.com)
There are 4 Abiraterone Acetate (CB7630) approximately,000 to 6,000 situations diagnosed in america every year (4). (annumed.net)
Cost-utility analysis of adding abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone to long-term hormone therapy in newly diagnosed advanced prostate cancer in England: Lifetime decision model based on STAMPEDE trial data. (amedeo.com)

In molecular biology, acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1), which is predominantly found in micro-organisms, facilitates the production of acetyl-CoA by phosphorylating acetate in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation. (wikipedia.org)
Catalyzes the formation of acetyl phosphate from acetate and ATP. (string-db.org)

Next, Diosmin 40?t of 3 M sodium acetate and 800?t of isopropyl alcohol were added to the aqueous coating. (southpadremaps.com)
Ethanol precipitate as for above (possible to reduce precipitation volumes to save on sodium acetate, glycogen etc if necessary). (barricklab.org)

Finally, we discover that the regulations of RhoA and Rac1 in response to LPA is normally differentially governed by phosphodiesterases, PKA, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, helping their spatially distinctive compartmentalization hence. (plant-finder.com)
Matrix-dependent Tiam1/rac signaling in epithelial cells promotes either cell-cell cell or adhesion migration is normally controlled by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. (plant-finder.com)

Radiomimetic cell cycle delay induced by tetranodecanoyl phorbol acetate is enhanced by caffeine and by the protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine. (ox.ac.uk)

Salmonella typhimurium propionate kinase (StTdcD) catalyzes reversible transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to propionate during l-threonine degradation to propionate. (wikipedia.org)
Due to poor absorption of inorganic forms of Cr such as chromic chloride (CrCl 3 ) and chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) [ 3 - 5 ] organic sources of Cr such as Cr picolinate, Cr propionate, Cr methionine, and Cr acetate (CrAc) have been widely researched in both humans and in various livestock species. (animbiosci.org)
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Cells were harvested and then analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to measure the quantity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α ( AMPK-α ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-β ( C/EBPβ ), G protein-coupled receptor 41 ( GPR41 ), GPR43 , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ( PPARγ ), and stearoyl CoA desaturase ( SCD ) mRNA relative to ribosomal protein subunit 9 ( RPS9 ). (animbiosci.org)
Upon stimulation with TLR2 ligands, MyD88 cis-Urocanic acid recruits IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) to TLR2 through conversation of the death domains of both molecules. (groundwater-2011.net)
Third, sphinganine inhibits the binding of [ 3 H]phorbol dibutyrate to its cellular receptor, known to be protein kinase C. We suggest that long-chain bases function as physiologic modulators of cellular regulatory pathways involving protein kinase C. (tamu.edu)
The present study focused on interactions between signaling pathways activated by progestins and by type I and II receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in mammary tumors. (uba.ar)

Regulation of protein kinase D activity in adult myocardium: novel counter-regulatory roles for protein kinase Cepsilon and protein kinase A Haworth, R.S. (eurekamag.com)
Measurement of Rab5 protein kinase B/akt and regulation of ras-activated endocytosis. (embl.de)
Once formed, podocalyxin/ezrin complexes are very stable, because they are insensitive to actin depolymerization or inactivation of Rho kinase, which is known to be necessary for regulation of ezrin and to mediate Rho-dependent actin organization. (embl.de)
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS), a substrate of protein kinase C (PKC) has been suggested to be implicated in cell adhesion, secretion, and motility through the regulation of the actin cytoskeletal structure. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY 294002) also clogged phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)Cinduced down-regulation of LRP. (globaltechbiz.com)
Our results indicate that different types of signaling molecules and distinct modes of kinase regulation are used by the ArcB proteins of E. coli and M. succiniciproducens. (kribb.re.kr)

The present application provides bifunctional compounds of Formula (Ia) or (Ib): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, prodrug, stereoisomer, or tautomer thereof, which act as protein degradation inducing moieties for cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8). (justia.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase is a kinase family integrating multiple signaling pathways to control either cell cycle or gene transcription. (justia.com)
the Targeting Ligand is capable of binding to a targeted protein, such as a cyclin-dependent kinase (e.g. (justia.com)

Sphingosine is a physiological inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) activity. (growkudos.com)

Currently, little is known about whether phosphatidylinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase plays any role in phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced signal transduction. (umn.edu)

Glioblastomas possess higher degrees of proteins kinase C (PKC) than nonneoplastic astrocytes (23C25). (globaltechbiz.com)
Proteins kinase A adjusts Rac and is normally needed for development factor-stimulated migration of carcinoma cells. (plant-finder.com)
Proteins kinase C-dependent mobilization of the 64 integrin from hemidesmosomes and its association with actin-rich cell protrusions get the chemotactic migration of carcinoma cells. (plant-finder.com)

The growth of a bacterial mutant lacking acetate kinase has been shown to be inhibited by glucose, suggesting that the enzyme is involved in excretion of excess carbohydrate. (wikipedia.org)
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Another Distinguished Ingredient Present In Weight Loss Supplements Is Apple Cider Vinegar Rich In Acetic Acid , It Lets You Shed Weight In Several Other Ways The Enzyme Ampk Adenosine Monophosphate Activated Protein Kinase Is Does Lemons Help Lose Weight Activated By The Dissolution Of Acetic Acid Into Acetate And Hydrogen This Automatically Reduces The Fat That Is Being Saved Within The Belly And Liver. (bitour.vn)
eslicarbazepine acetate decreases levels of vandetanib by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. (medscape.com)

Protein kinase C may be involved, since phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also induces E-cadherin-mediated aggregation. (rupress.org)
Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate inhibited both phases of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation, whereas okadaic acid and modulators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase were without any effect. (lu.se)
Results: Treatment of RBCs with 4-bromo-A23187 (positive control), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), or phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (PMA) in the presence of 2 mM extracellular Ca 2+ led to an alteration of cell volume and cell morphology. (aston.ac.uk)
Reagents Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and Bisindolylmaleimide I (GFX 109203X) (GFX for brief) AMD 070 had been bought from EMD Calbiochem (NORTH PARK CA). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from escherichia coli N-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-N′-[2-(3-pyridinyl)-4-quinazolinyl]-urea (VUF5574) (an A3 adenosine antagonist) and Individual adenosine deaminase (ADA1) from individual erythrocytes had been bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis MO). (web-succes.com)
For contamination in THP-1 macrophages, THP-1 monocytes were plated in either 96-well dishes at 4 104 cells/well or 12-well dishes at 3 105 cells/well in total RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 50 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate to induce the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages 36322-90-4 IC50 immediately. (gonzalezgass.com)

There was no inhibitory effect of ethanol when protein kinase C was inhibited by H7 and calphostin C, indicating that the ethanol effect is dependent on protein kinase C activity. (lu.se)

Patients and those with heart legal anabolic steroid induced by clenbuterol occurs due to increases in overall protein levels and creatine kinase. (depplus.com)

Order of addition you are allergic to prednisone or any ingredients include other G-proteins, tyrosine kinases, and a series of transcription events and thus control all cellular processing and functioning. (wcwinc.org)

The suggested mechanism denoted an unspecified glutamate residue was phosphorylated, and the "alignment of the amino acid sequences for the acetate kinases from E. coli (Bacteria domain), Methanosarcina thermophila (Archaea domain), and four other phylogenetically divergent microbes revealed high identity which included five glutamates," (9). (kenyon.edu)
indicates that the protein contains two domains (at least), one of which performs the role Glutamate 5-kinase and the other which performs the role RNA-binding C-terminal domain PUA . (bv-brc.org)

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It reduces the synthesis of inflammatory agents in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells by intervening in the I-Kappa-B kinases (IKK-beta) and Kappa B signaling pathways. (news-medical.net)

The tumour promoter and protein kinase C agonist, 12-O-tetranodecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), has been reported to show a radiomimetic action because it transiently delays the passage of HeLa cells through the G2 phase, as do ionizing radiation and other DNA damaging agents. (ox.ac.uk)
Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the biological effects of chromium acetate (CrAc) on bovine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose cells. (animbiosci.org)
Mechanisms underlying therapy resistance of tumor cells include protein kinase Akt. (bioinf.org)
In this method, cells in which the specified kinase is inactive are labeled with 32Pi, whereas cells in which the kinase is active are labeled with 33Pi. (soton.ac.uk)
Protein kinase C isoforms in human aortic smooth muscle cells. (duke.edu)
Following phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment and following the stimulation with Mycobacteria bovis BCG, PKC-specific activity increased significantly in membrane fractions of both B10R and B10S cells, but the absolute level was significantly greater in particulate fractions from B10R macrophages. (uab.edu)
Cells were transferred from Tris acetate phosphate (TAP) plates into 4 ml of M-N media (M media of Sagar and Granick, 1953 [Harris, 1989 ] excluding NH4N03) and MIR96-IN-1 MIR96-IN-1 incubated for 3C5 h under constant light and agitation. (tomedo.net)
and and and and g21 is normally included in insulin-induced membrane layer ruffling and g21 is normally included in hepatocyte development aspect- and 12C0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-activated membrane layer ruffling in KB cells. (plant-finder.com)

The corticosteroid hydrocortisone and the mineralocorticoid fludrocortisone acetate can be used in combination in patients suffering from adrenocortical insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Fludrocortisone Acetate is a synthetic mineralocorticoid, used to control the amount of sodium and fluids in your body. (abmole.com)

SHP2 inhibits TLR3- and TLR4-activated IFN- production in a phosphatase activity-independent manner by binding to TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)21. (groundwater-2011.net)
Anti-carcinogenic-steviol glycoside consists of four constituents, namely, stevioside, rebaudiosides A, rebaudioside C, and ducloside A, which strongly inhibits the inflammation caused by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), indicating its anti-carcinogenic activity. (news-medical.net)

The results demonstrate that mTORC2 is dispensable for both normal epidermal proliferation and the hyperproliferative response to treatment with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). (elsevier.com)
Also, it was found that the curcumin inhibited protein kinase C (PKC) activities in mouse epidermal extracts in a dose dependent manner. (who.int)
The role of proline-rich protein tyrosine kinase 2 in differentiation-dependent signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes. (vanderbilt.edu)

Phorbol esters, which activate isoforms of protein kinase C, are general activators of the transcription factor activated protein 1 (AP-1). (umn.edu)

Based on data from clinical trials that compared EGFR-TKIs to platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) mutations, EGFR-TKI monotherapy such as gefitinib has become the standard front-line treatment for these patients. (researchsquare.com)

ATP is generated via phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (uni-konstanz.de)

We demonstrate here that TPA not only has markedly synergistic effects on insulin-induced PI-3 kinase activity, but it also can induce PI-3 kinase activity and the PI-3 phosphates by itself. (umn.edu)

Kinase Assay: The reaction mixture for the 20S proteasome inhibitory assay contains 0.1 M Tris-acetate, pH 7.0, 20S proteasome, MG-132, and 25 μM substrate dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide in a final volume of 1 mL. (invivochem.com)
After incuba tion at 37 °C for 15 minutes, the reaction is stopped by the addition of 0.1 mL of 10% SDS and 0.9 mL of 0.1M Tris acetate, pH 9.0. (invivochem.com)

Macrolactone isolated from the marine bryozoan Bugula neritina that initially activates and subsequently down-regulates protein kinase C (PKC). (gendepot.net)

A portions of stool samples from gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) were used to detect parasite's ova, cyst, and oocysts using the formalin ethyl-acetate concentration technique (FECT). (uitest.info)
Seven milliliters (7?mL) of 10% formalin solution was added into the tube followed by 3?mL ethyl-acetate. (uitest.info)

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Organisms4

Chemicals and Drugs23

Phenomena and Processes3

Information Science1

Purification and characterization of two extremely thermostable enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase, from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima. (1/86)

Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (2/86)

Genes coding for phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase in Sinorhizobium meliloti are in an operon that is inducible by phosphate stress and controlled by phoB. (3/86)

Homofermentative production of D- or L-lactate in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli RR1. (4/86)

Characterization of a group of anaerobically induced, fnr-dependent genes of Salmonella typhimurium. (5/86)

Catabolite regulation of the pta gene as part of carbon flow pathways in Bacillus subtilis. (6/86)

The role of histidines in the acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila. (7/86)

Urkinase: structure of acetate kinase, a member of the ASKHA superfamily of phosphotransferases. (8/86)

Acetate Kinase

Phosphate Acetyltransferase

Acetates

Methanosarcina

Organophosphates

Phosphotransferases (Carboxyl Group Acceptor)

Phosphotransferases

Veillonella

Acetate-CoA Ligase

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

Acetic Acid

MAP Kinase Signaling System

Protein Kinases

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Kinetics

Protein Kinase C

src-Family Kinases

Fermentation

Adenosine Triphosphate

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Butyrates

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Molecular Sequence Data

Thermotoga maritima

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

Escherichia coli

Adenosine Diphosphate

Phosphotransferases (Nitrogenous Group Acceptor)

Purification and characterization of two extremely thermostable enzymes, phosphate acetyltransferase and acetate kinase, from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima. (1/86)

Cloning, sequence analysis, expression and inactivation of the Corynebacterium glutamicum pta-ack operon encoding phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. (2/86)

Genes coding for phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase in Sinorhizobium meliloti are in an operon that is inducible by phosphate stress and controlled by phoB. (3/86)

Homofermentative production of D- or L-lactate in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli RR1. (4/86)

Characterization of a group of anaerobically induced, fnr-dependent genes of Salmonella typhimurium. (5/86)

Catabolite regulation of the pta gene as part of carbon flow pathways in Bacillus subtilis. (6/86)

The role of histidines in the acetate kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila. (7/86)

Urkinase: structure of acetate kinase, a member of the ASKHA superfamily of phosphotransferases. (8/86)

Characterization of the Acetate Binding Pocket in the Methanosarcina thermophila Acetate Kinase | Journal of Bacteriology

Probable acetate kinase elisa and antibody

Superiority of the PCR-based Approach for Cloning the Acetate Kinase G by G. Ozcengiz, J-H Kim et al.

Publications

German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH: Details

Gaussaster antarcticus

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Source: Hahm et al, 1994

Identification of a two-component fatty acid kinase responsible for host fatty acid incorporation by Staphylococcus aureus |...

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