Coumaric Acids
Acetates
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
RNA Ligase (ATP)
Acyl Coenzyme A
Substrate Specificity
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
A diverse class of enzymes that interact with UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES and ubiquitination-specific protein substrates. Each member of this enzyme group has its own distinct specificity for a substrate and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubiquitin-protein ligases exist as both monomeric proteins multiprotein complexes.
Acyltransferases
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Cholic Acids
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
DNA Ligases
Amino Acid Sequence
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Isoenzymes
Polynucleotide Ligases
Ubiquitination
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
Complexes of enzymes that catalyze the covalent attachment of UBIQUITIN to other proteins by forming a peptide bond between the C-terminal GLYCINE of UBIQUITIN and the alpha-amino groups of LYSINE residues in the protein. The complexes play an important role in mediating the selective-degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. The complex of enzymes can be broken down into three components that involve activation of ubiquitin (UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES), conjugation of ubiquitin to the ligase complex (UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES), and ligation of ubiquitin to the substrate protein (UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES).
Acetate Kinase
Ligases
Cullin Proteins
Sodium Acetate
Ubiquitin
A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.
Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Cyproterone Acetate
Ligase Chain Reaction
A DNA amplification technique based upon the ligation of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES. The probes are designed to exactly match two adjacent sequences of a specific target DNA. The chain reaction is repeated in three steps in the presence of excess probe: (1) heat denaturation of double-stranded DNA, (2) annealing of probes to target DNA, and (3) joining of the probes by thermostable DNA ligase. After the reaction is repeated for 20-30 cycles the production of ligated probe is measured.
SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases
F-Box Proteins
A family of proteins that share the F-BOX MOTIF and are involved in protein-protein interactions. They play an important role in process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE complexes. They are held in the ubiquitin-ligase complex via binding to SKP DOMAIN PROTEINS.
Megestrol Acetate
Megestrol acetate is a progestogen with actions and uses similar to those of the progestogens in general. It also has anti-androgenic properties. It is given by mouth in the palliative treatment or as an adjunct to other therapy in endometrial carcinoma and in breast cancer. Megestrol acetate has been approved to treat anorexia and cachexia. (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
Coenzyme A-Transferases
Acetic Acid
Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes
Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases
RING Finger Domains
A zinc-binding domain defined by the sequence Cysteine-X2-Cysteine-X(9-39)-Cysteine-X(l-3)-His-X(2-3)-Cysteine-X2-Cysteine -X(4-48)-Cysteine-X2-Cysteine, where X is any amino acid. The RING finger motif binds two atoms of zinc, with each zinc atom ligated tetrahedrally by either four cysteines or three cysteines and a histidine. The motif also forms into a unitary structure with a central cross-brace region and is found in many proteins that are involved in protein-protein interactions. The acronym RING stands for Really Interesting New Gene.
Acetate-CoA Ligase
Protein Binding
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.
Chlormadinone Acetate
Mutation
Zinc Acetate
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Ubiquitins
Proteolysis
S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins
A family of structurally-related proteins that were originally identified by their ability to complex with cyclin proteins (CYCLINS). They share a common domain that binds specifically to F-BOX MOTIFS. They take part in SKP CULLIN F-BOX PROTEIN LIGASES, where they can bind to a variety of F-BOX PROTEINS.
Melengestrol Acetate
Phosphate Acetyltransferase
Base Sequence
Pantothenic Acid
Polyubiquitin
An oligomer formed from the repetitive linking of the C-terminal glycine of one UBIQUITIN molecule via an isopeptide bond to a lysine residue on a second ubiquitin molecule. It is structurally distinct from UBIQUITIN C, which is a single protein containing a tandemly arrayed ubiquitin peptide sequence.
Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
An E3 ubiquitin ligase primarily involved in regulation of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition during MITOSIS through ubiquitination of specific CELL CYCLE PROTEINS. Enzyme activity is tightly regulated through subunits and cofactors, which modulate activation, inhibition, and substrate specificity. The anaphase-promoting complex, or APC-C, is also involved in tissue differentiation in the PLACENTA, CRYSTALLINE LENS, and SKELETAL MUSCLE, and in regulation of postmitotic NEURONAL PLASTICITY and excitability.
beta-Transducin Repeat-Containing Proteins
A family of F-box domain proteins that contain sequences that are homologous to the beta subunit of transducin (BETA-TRANSDUCIN). They play an important role in the protein degradation pathway by becoming components of SKP CULLIN F-BOX PROTEIN LIGASES, which selectively act on a subset of proteins including beta-catenin and IkappaBbeta.
Propionates
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl
Protein Kinase C
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT
DNA-Binding Proteins
HeLa Cells
HEK293 Cells
Fatty Acids
Binding Sites
Adenosine Monophosphate
Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Nuclear Proteins
Cells, Cultured
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Amino Acid Motifs
Cell Cycle Proteins
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Sumoylation
Phosphorylation
Succinate-CoA Ligases
Enzymes that catalyze the first step leading to the oxidation of succinic acid by the reversible formation of succinyl-CoA from succinate and CoA with the concomitant cleavage of ATP to ADP (EC 6.2.1.5) or GTP to GDP (EC 6.2.1.4) and orthophosphate. Itaconate can act instead of succinate and ITP instead of GTP.EC 6.2.1.-.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Catalysis
Phenylmercuric Acetate
Carrier Proteins
Polynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-Kinase
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Palmitoyl Coenzyme A
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Carbon Isotopes
The Cryptosporidium "mouse" genotype is conserved across geographic areas. (1/150)
A 298-bp region of the Cryptosporidium parvum 18S rRNA gene and a 390-bp region of the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase gene were sequenced for a range of Cryptosporidium isolates from wild house mice (Mus domesticus), a bat (Myotus adversus), and cattle from different geographical areas. Previous research has identified a distinct genotype, referred to as the "mouse"-derived Cryptosporidium genotype, common to isolates from Australian mice. Comparison of a wider range of Australian mouse isolates with United Kingdom and Spanish isolates from mice and cattle and also an Australian bat-derived Cryptosporidium isolate revealed that the "mouse" genotype is conserved across geographic areas. Mice are also susceptible to infection with the "cattle" Cryptosporidium genotype, which has important implications for their role as reservoirs of infection for humans and domestic animals. (+info)The role of an iron-sulfur cluster in an enzymatic methylation reaction. Methylation of CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase by the methylated corrinoid iron-sulfur protein. (2/150)
This paper focuses on how a methyl group is transferred from a methyl-cobalt(III) species on one protein (the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein (CFeSP)) to a nickel iron-sulfur cluster on another protein (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase). This is an essential step in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of anaerobic CO and CO2 fixation. The results described here strongly indicate that transfer of methyl group to carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase occurs by an SN2 pathway. They also provide convincing evidence that oxidative inactivation of Co(I) competes with methylation. Under the conditions of our anaerobic assay, Co(I) escapes from the catalytic cycle one in every 100 turnover cycles. Reductive activation of the CFeSP is required to regenerate Co(I) and recruit the protein back into the catalytic cycle. Our results strongly indicate that the [4Fe-4S] cluster of the CFeSP is required for reductive activation. They support the hypothesis that the [4Fe-4S] cluster of the CFeSP does not participate directly in the methyl transfer step but provides a conduit for electron flow from physiological reductants to the cobalt center. (+info)Purification and catalytic properties of Ech hydrogenase from Methanosarcina barkeri. (3/150)
Methanosarcina barkeri has recently been shown to produce a multisubunit membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenase designated Ech (Escherichia coli hydrogenase 3) hydrogenase. In the present study Ech hydrogenase was purified to apparent homogeneity in a high yield. The enzyme preparation obtained only contained the six polypeptides which had previously been shown to be encoded by the ech operon. The purified enzyme was found to contain 0.9 mol of Ni, 11.3 mol of nonheme-iron and 10.8 mol of acid-labile sulfur per mol of enzyme. Using the purified enzyme the kinetic parameters were determined. The enzyme catalyzed the H2 dependent reduction of a M. barkeri 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxin with a specific activity of 50 U x mg protein-1 at pH 7.0 and exhibited an apparent Km for the ferredoxin of 1 microM. The enzyme also catalyzed hydrogen formation with the reduced ferredoxin as electron donor at a rate of 90 U x mg protein-1 at pH 7.0. The apparent Km for the reduced ferredoxin was 7.5 microM. Reduction or oxidation of the ferredoxin proceeded at similar rates as the reduction or oxidation of oxidized or reduced methylviologen, respectively. The apparent Km for H2 was 5 microM. The kinetic data strongly indicate that the ferredoxin is the physiological electron donor or acceptor of Ech hydrogenase. Ech hydrogenase amounts to about 3% of the total cell protein in acetate-grown, methanol-grown or H2/CO2-grown cells of M. barkeri, as calculated from quantitative Western blot experiments. The function of Ech hydrogenase is ascribed to ferredoxin-linked H2 production coupled to the oxidation of the carbonyl-group of acetyl-CoA to CO2 during growth on acetate, and to ferredoxin-linked H2 uptake coupled to the reduction of CO2 to the redox state of CO during growth on H2/CO2 or methanol. (+info)Molecular cloning and cell-cycle-dependent expression of the acetyl-CoA synthetase gene in Tetrahymena cells. (4/150)
To identify transcriptionally regulated mediators associated with the cell cycle, we adopted the differential mRNA display technique for cell cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis synchronized by cyclic heat treatment. One cDNA fragment that was expressed differently during synchronous cell division had a greatly decreased expression at 30 min after the end of heat treatment (EHT). Using this fragment as a probe, we isolated the full-length cDNA for T. pyriformis acetyl-CoA synthetase (TpAcs) which encodes a 651 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 72.8 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of T. pyriformis ACS shows 42% sequence identity compared with that of Lysobacter sp. acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), an enzyme which catalyses the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate via an acetyl-adenylate intermediate. The deduced sequence is also 41% and 40% identical compared with those of Pseudomonas putida and Coprinus cinereus ACS, respectively. The deduced sequence of T. pyriformis ACS also shares similar characteristics of the conserved motifs I and II in the ACS family. To further investigate the actions of the gene encoding this enzyme, mRNA expression was determined during the course of synchronized cell division in T. pyriformis. Northern blot results show that the mRNA level was dramatically decreased at 30 min after EHT prior to entering synchronous cell division (which occurs 75 min after EHT), suggesting that mRNA expression of the TpAcs was associated with the cell cycle and that the down-regulated expression of TpAcs at 30 min after EHT would be required for the initiation of the oncoming synchronous cell division in T. pyriformis. (+info)Oxalic acid production by Aspergillus niger: an oxalate-non-producing mutant produces citric acid at pH 5 and in the presence of manganese. (5/150)
The external pH appeared to be the main factor governing oxalic acid production by Aspergillus niger. A glucose-oxidase-negative mutant produced substantial amounts of oxalic acid as long as the pH of the culture was 3 or higher. When pH was decreased below 2, no oxalic acid was formed. The activity of oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH), the enzyme believed to be responsible for oxalate formation in A. niger, correlated with oxalate production. OAH was purified from A. niger and characterized. OAH cleaves oxaloacetate to oxalate and acetate, but A. niger never accumulated any acetate in the culture broth. Since an A. niger acuA mutant, which lacks acetyl-CoA synthase, did produce some acetate, wild-type A. niger is apparently able to catabolize acetate sufficiently fast to prevent its production. An A. niger mutant, prtF28, previously isolated in a screen for strains deficient in extracellular protease expression, was shown here to be oxalate non-producing. The prtF28 mutant lacked OAH, implying that OAH is the only enzyme involved in oxalate production in A. niger. In a traditional citric acid fermentation low pH and absence of Mn2+ are prerequisites. Remarkably, a strain lacking both glucose oxidase (goxC) and OAH (prtF) produced citric acid from sugar substrates in a regular synthetic medium at pH 5 and under these conditions production was completely insensitive to Mn2+. (+info)sigma(70) is the principal sigma factor responsible for transcription of acs, which encodes acetyl coenzyme A synthetase in Escherichia coli. (6/150)
Cells of Escherichia coli undergo a metabolic switch associated with the production and utilization of acetate. During exponential growth on tryptone broth, these cells excrete acetate via the phosphotransacetylase-acetate kinase (Pta-AckA) pathway. As they begin the transition to stationary phase, they instead resorb acetate, activate it to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by means of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) and utilize it to generate energy and biosynthetic components via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate shunt, respectively. This metabolic switch depends upon the induction of Acs. As part of our effort to dissect the mechanism(s) underlying induction and to identify the signal(s) that triggers that induction, we sought the sigma factor most responsible for acs expression. Using isogenic strains that carry a temperature sensitivity allele of the gene that encodes sigma(70) and either a wild-type or null allele of the gene that encodes sigma(S), we determined by immunoblotting, reverse transcriptase PCR, and acs::lacZ transcriptional fusion analyses that sigma(70) is the sigma factor primarily responsible for the acs transcription that cells induce during mid-exponential phase. In contrast, sigma(S) partially inhibits that transcription as cells enter stationary phase. (+info)Evidence for intersubunit communication during acetyl-CoA cleavage by the multienzyme CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex from Methanosarcina thermophila. Evidence that the beta subunit catalyzes C-C and C-S bond cleavage. (7/150)
The carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (CODH/ACS) from Methanosarcina thermophila is part of a five-subunit complex consisting of alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The multienzyme complex catalyzes the reversible oxidation of CO to CO(2), transfer of the methyl group of acetyl-CoA to tetrahydromethanopterin (H(4)MPT), and acetyl-CoA synthesis from CO, CoA, and methyl-H(4)MPT. The alpha and epsilon subunits are required for CO oxidation. The gamma and delta subunits constitute a corrinoid iron-sulfur protein that is involved in the transmethylation reaction. This work focuses on the beta subunit. The isolated beta subunit contains significant amounts of nickel. When proteases truncate the beta subunit, causing the CODH/ACS complex to dissociate, the amount of intact beta subunit correlates directly with the EPR signal intensity of Cluster A and the activity of the CO/acetyl-CoA exchange reaction. Our results strongly indicate that the beta subunit harbors Cluster A, a NiFeS cluster, that is the active site of acetyl-CoA cleavage and assembly. Although the beta subunit is necessary, it is not sufficient for acetyl-CoA synthesis; interactions between the CODH and the ACS subunits are required for cleavage or synthesis of the C-C bond of acetyl-CoA. We propose that these interactions include intramolecular electron transfer reactions between the CODH and ACS subunits. (+info)Acetyl-CoA synthetase from the amitochondriate eukaryote Giardia lamblia belongs to the newly recognized superfamily of acyl-CoA synthetases (Nucleoside diphosphate-forming). (8/150)
The gene coding for the acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) from the amitochondriate eukaryote Giardia lamblia has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme, utilizing acetyl-CoA and adenine nucleotides as preferred substrates and less efficiently, propionyl- and succinyl-CoA. N- and C-terminal parts of the G. lamblia acetyl-CoA synthetase sequence were found to be homologous to the alpha- and beta-subunits, respectively, of succinyl-CoA synthetase. Sequence analysis of homologous enzymes from various bacteria, archaea, and the eukaryote, Plasmodium falciparum, identified conserved features in their organization, which allowed us to delineate a new superfamily of acyl-CoA synthetases (nucleoside diphosphate-forming) and its signature motifs. The representatives of this new superfamily of thiokinases vary in their domain arrangement, some consisting of separate alpha- and beta-subunits and others comprising fusion proteins in alpha-beta or beta-alpha orientation. The presence of homologs of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) in such human pathogens as G. lamblia, Yersinia pestis, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and the malaria agent P. falciparum suggests that they might be used as potential drug targets. (+info)
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0.015385</PDBx:fract transf...
Acetyl-CoA Synthetase from yeast, lyophilizate
Sequence Similarity Search - BLAST
Sequence Similarity Search - BLAST
Unifying Concepts in Catalysis: E2-3 Acetyl-CoA synthase ...
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Methionine gamma-lyase
2-oxobutyrate is ultimately decomposed by acetate-CoA ligase and produces ATP, thus contributing to ATP metabolism. MGL also ...
List of EC numbers (EC 6)
... lactate ligase EC 6.2.1.1: acetate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.2: butyrate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.3: long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase EC ... acid-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) EC 6.2.1.11: biotin-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.12: 4-coumarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.13: acetate-CoA ... glutarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.7: cholate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.8: oxalate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.9: malate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.10: ... arachidonate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.16: acetoacetate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.17: propionate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.18: citrate-CoA ligase ...
Thiokinase
Types include: Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) Butyrate-CoA ligase Citrate-CoA ligase Malate-CoA ligase Succinate-CoA ligase ( ... A Thiokinase is a ligase that synthesizes CoA Thioesters. They are classified under EC number 6.2, but often have primary names ... ADP-forming) Succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) Biology portal v t e. ...
Acetate thiokinase
... may refer to: Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming), an enzyme Acetyl-CoA synthetase (or Acetyl-CoA ligase), an ...
Acetyl-CoA synthetase
... (ACS) or Acetate-CoA ligase is an enzyme (EC 6.2.1.1) involved in metabolism of acetate. It is in the ... Acetate + CoA <=> AMP + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoA Once acetyl-CoA is formed it can be used in the TCA cycle in aerobic ... Co-A then rotates in the active site into the position where acetate can covalently bind to CoA. The covalent bond is formed ... The two molecules joined together that make up Acetyl CoA are acetate and coenzyme A (CoA). The complete reaction with all the ...
CO-methylating acetyl-CoA synthase
Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), not to be confused with Acetyl-CoA synthetase or Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP forming), is a nickel- ... the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway allows for the anaerobic oxidation of acetate where ATP is used to convert acetate into acetyl-CoA, ... For example, acetate-forming bacteria use acetyl-CoA for their autotrophic growth processes, and methanogenic archae such as ... In addition to acetyl-CoA production, the reverse can occur with ACS producing acetate, CO and returning the methyl piece back ...
Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
... an acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) (EC 6.2.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + acetate + CoA ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming). Other names in common use include acetyl-CoA ... acetate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and acetyl-CoA. This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, ... Pyruvate synthase and a new acetate thiokinase". J. Biol. Chem. 252 (2): 726-31. PMID 13076. Biology portal v t e. ...
2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA synthase
... acetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction [(1R)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3- ... 2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA synthase (EC 6.2.1.38, 2-oxo-Delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA ... enyl]acetate + ATP + CoA ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } AMP + diphosphate + [(1R)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl] ... 2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA+synthase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH ...
Citric acid cycle
... succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase. This specialized enzyme links the TCA cycle with acetate metabolism in these organisms.[ ... Most organisms utilize EC 6.2.1.5, succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) (despite its name, the enzyme operates in the pathway in ... Succinyl-CoA + GDP + Pi Succinate + CoA-SH + GTP Succinyl-CoA synthetase substrate-level. phosphorylation or ADP→ATP instead of ... CH3C(=O)C(=O)O−pyruvate + HSCoA + NAD+ → CH3C(=O)SCoAacetyl-CoA + NADH + CO2. The product of this reaction, acetyl-CoA, is the ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... coenzyme a ligases MeSH D08.811.464.267.500.200 - acetate-coa ligase MeSH D08.811.464.267.500.600 - succinate-coa ligases MeSH ... acyl-coa dehydrogenase, long-chain MeSH D08.811.682.660.150.200 - acyl-CoA oxidase MeSH D08.811.682.660.150.300 - butyryl-coa ... alanine-tRNA ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.100 - arginine-tRNA ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.150 - aspartate-tRNA ligase ... glycine-trna ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.400 - histidine-trna ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.450 - isoleucine-trna ligase ...
Eugenol
... which is in turn converted to feruloyl-CoA by the enzyme 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase (4CL). Next, feruloyl-CoA is reduced to ... forming coniferyl acetate. Finally, coniferyl acetate is converted to eugenol via the enzyme eugenol synthase 1 and the use of ... coniferaldehyde by cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR). Coniferaldeyhyde is then further reduced to coniferyl alcohol by cinnamyl- ...
Fatty acid metabolism
Once inside the cell long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase catalyzes the reaction between a fatty acid molecule with ATP (which is ... acetate) units, which, combined with co-enzyme A, form molecules of acetyl CoA, which condense with oxaloacetate to form ... Acetyl-CoA is formed into malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, at which point malonyl-CoA is destined to feed into the fatty ... acetyl-CoA and 1 molecule of propionyl-CoA per molecule of fatty acid. Each beta oxidative cut of the acyl-CoA molecule yields ...
List of enzymes
EC 6.2.1.12: 4-coumarate--CoA ligase. *EC 6.2.1.13: Acetate--CoA ligase (ADP-forming) ... EC 6.2.1.40: 4-hydroxybutyrate--CoA ligase. *EC 6.2.1.41: 3-((3aS,4S,7aS)-7a-methyl-1,5-dioxo-octahydro-1H-inden-4-yl) ... Category:Ligases (EC 6) (Ligase)Edit. Category:EC 6.1 (form carbon-oxygen bonds)Edit. 6-carboxytetrahydropterin synthase ... 6 Category:Ligases (EC 6) (Ligase) *6.1 Category:EC 6.1 (form carbon-oxygen bonds) ...
Oxalyl-CoA decarboxylase
Oxalate-CoA ligase Formyl-CoA transferase Oxalate CoA-transferase Baetz AL, Allison MJ (July 1990). "Purification and ... a required enzyme for isoleucine and valine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 during growth on acetate as the sole carbon ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is oxalyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (formyl-CoA-forming). Other names in common use include ... This addition is followed by the decarboxylation of oxalyl-CoA, and then the oxidation and removal of formyl-CoA to regenerate ...
Biosynthesis
These may be metal ions, vitamin derivatives such as NADH and acetyl CoA, or non-vitamin derivatives such as ATP. In the case ... Okazaki fragments are covalently joined by DNA ligase to form a continuous strand. Then, to complete DNA replication, RNA ... Organisms that use ethanol and acetate as the major carbon source utilize the glyconeogenic pathway to synthesize glycine. The ... Cholesterol is synthesized from acetyl CoA. The pathway is shown below: More generally, this synthesis occurs in three stages, ...
Citrate synthase
It is also inhibited by succinyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA, which resembles Acetyl-coA and acts as a competitive inhibitor to ... Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of ... These experiments have revealed that this single site alternates between two forms, which participate in ligase and hydrolase ... This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citryl-CoA ...
Phenylacetone
CoA ligases and requires energy in the form of ATP. ... The benzoyl-CoA is then conjugated to glycine by GLYAT to form hippuric ... Sodium acetate has been used instead of pyridine. In the 20th century chloroacetone, benzene, and anhydrous aluminum chloride ... First benzoate is ligated to CoASH to form the high-energy benzoyl-CoA thioester. This reaction is catalyzed by the HXM-A and ... Acetate". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 37 (1): 301-322. doi:10.1520/JFS13235J. ISSN 0022-1198. The illicit synthesis of phenyl ...
Mitochondrion
It is the oxidation of the acetate portion of acetyl-CoA that produces CO2 and water, with the energy thus released captured in ... kynurenine hydroxylase and fatty acid Co-A ligase. Disruption of the outer membrane permits proteins in the intermembrane space ... Acetyl-CoA, on the other hand, derived from pyruvate oxidation, or from the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, is the only fuel to ... With each turn of the cycle one molecule of acetyl-CoA is consumed for every molecule of oxaloacetate present in the ...
List of EC numbers (EC 3)
... acetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.2: palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.3: succinyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.4: 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA ... glutamate-ammonia ligase) hydrolase EC 3.1.4.16: 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 2'-phosphodiesterase EC 3.1.4.17: 3',5'-cyclic- ... methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase EC 3.1.1.57: 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase EC 3.1.1.58: N- ... bile-acid-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.27: choloyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.28: 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.29: ...
List of EC numbers (EC 2)
3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.7: succinate-citramalate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.8: acetate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.9: ... protein ligase EC 2.7.7.64: UTP-monosaccharide-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase EC 2.7.7.65: diguanylate cyclase EC 2.7.7.66: ... succinyl-CoA:(R)-benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.16: formyl-CoA transferase EC 2.8.3.17: cinnamoyl-CoA:phenyllactate ... oxalate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.3: malonate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.4: deleted EC 2.8.3.5: 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase EC 2.8. ...
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
The oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetate can be summarized as follows: Acetaldehyde + NAD+ + Coenzyme A ↔ Acetyl-CoA + NADH + H ...
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
cellular response to phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate. • cellular response to ionomycin. • response to drug. • transcription ... acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27). *-. Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28). *- ...
Enzyme inhibitor
... acetate and choline. This is somewhat unusual among neurotransmitters as most, including serotonin, dopamine, and ... HMG-CoA reductase. *1.3 5α-Reductase. *1.4 Monoamine oxidase. *1.5 Dihydrofolate reductase ...
Cysteine
Ubiquitin ligases transfer ubiquitin to its pendant, proteins, and caspases, which engage in proteolysis in the apoptotic cycle ... The enzyme O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase, using sulfide sources, converts this ester into cysteine, releasing acetate.[12] ... G→propionyl-CoA→. succinyl-CoA. valine→. *α-Ketoisovaleric acid. *Isobutyryl-CoA. *Methacrylyl-CoA ...
Cysteine
Ubiquitin ligases transfer ubiquitin to its pendant, proteins, and caspases, which engage in proteolysis in the apoptotic cycle ... The enzyme O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase, using sulfide sources, converts this ester into cysteine, releasing acetate.[12] ... G→propionyl-CoA→. succinyl-CoA. valine→. *α-Ketoisovaleric acid. *Isobutyryl-CoA. *Methacrylyl-CoA ...
Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) - Wikipedia
... an acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) (EC 6.2.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + acetate + CoA ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming). Other names in common use include acetyl-CoA ... acetate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and acetyl-CoA. This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, ... Pyruvate synthase and a new acetate thiokinase". J. Biol. Chem. 252 (2): 726-31. PMID 13076. Biology portal v t e. ...
Acetate-CoA Ligase (Acetyl-CoA Synthetase) from yeast, lyophilizate
Acetate-CoA Ligase (Acetyl-CoA Synthetase) material number and pack size: Material Number. Pack Size. ... Use Acetate-CoA Ligase (Acetyl-CoA Synthetase) in diagnostic tests for the determination of acetic acid in combination with ... Ligase that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate and coenzyme A.. +- ... Specific activity (+37°C, acetate): ≥4 U/mg protein. Protein (Biuret): ≤0.25 mg/mg lyophilizate. Acetate (enzymatic): ≤0.1%. ...
Ac CoA synth (MF 01123) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
STAble: a novel approach to de novo assembly of RNA-seq data and its application in a metabolic model network based...
Acetyl-CoA Synthetase from Bakers' Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): EC 6.2.1.1 Acetate: CoA ligase (AMP-forming)<...
Acetyl-CoA Synthetase from Bakers Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): EC 6.2.1.1 Acetate: CoA ligase (AMP-forming). Methods in ... Acetyl-CoA Synthetase from Bakers Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) : EC 6.2.1.1 Acetate: CoA ligase (AMP-forming). / Frenkel, ... title = "Acetyl-CoA Synthetase from Bakers Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): EC 6.2.1.1 Acetate: CoA ligase (AMP-forming)", ... Acetyl-CoA Synthetase from Bakers Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): EC 6.2.1.1 Acetate: CoA ligase (AMP-forming). ...
acsA - Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase - Shewanella halifaxensis (strain HAW-EB4) - acsA gene & protein
In the second half reaction, it can then transfer the acetyl group from AcAMP to the sulfhydryl group of CoA, forming the ... In the first half reaction, AcsA combines acetate with ATP to form acetyl-adenylate (AcAMP) intermediate. ... Catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), an essential intermediate at the junction of anabolic and ... Acetate--CoA ligaseUniRule annotation. Manual assertion according to rulesi. *HAMAP-Rule:MF_01123 ...
acs - Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - acs gene & protein
In the second half reaction, it can then transfer the acetyl group from AcAMP to the sulfhydryl group of CoA, forming the ... In the first half reaction, Acs combines acetate with ATP to form acetyl-adenylate (AcAMP) intermediate. ... Catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), an essential intermediate at the junction of anabolic and ... acetate-CoA ligase activity Source: CACAO ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a direct assay for the function ...
Neoadjuvant Abiraterone Acetate Plus Leuprolide Acetate in Men With Localized High Risk Prostate Cancer
... clinicaltrials.gov The purpose of this research study is to determine the effects of abiraterone acetate plus leuprolide ... Acetate-coa Ligase. An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP, acetate, and CoA to form AMP, ... abiraterone acetate plus leuprolide acetate and prednisone versus leuprolide acetate alone on hormone levels in the blood and ... abiraterone acetate plus leuprolide acetate plus prednisone, leuprolide acetate. Location. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Boston ...
Comprehensive Lysine Acetylomes Emerging From Bacteria to Humans
MasterAmp 10X PCR Enhancer from EPICENTRE Biotechnologies
4000 Q TRAP LC/MS/MS System from Applied Biosystems
Anti-ACSS2 antibody KO Tested (ab66038) | Abcam
Acetate thiokinase antibody. *Acetate--CoA ligase antibody. *Acetyl CoA synthetase antibody. *Acetyl Coenzyme A synthetase 2 ( ... Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. ... Decreased expression of acetyl-CoA synthase 2 promotes metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma.. ... Acetate CoA ligase antibody. * ... Acyl CoA synthetase short chain family member 2 antibody. *Acyl ...
KEGG REACTION: R07902
medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase / lipoate-activating enzyme [EC:6.2.1.2]. K24012 acetate---CoA ligase (ADP-forming) [EC:6.2.1.13] ... 3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase, beta subunit [EC:2.8.3.6]. K01034 acetate CoA/acetoacetate CoA-transferase alpha subunit [EC:2.8. ... 4-hydroxybutyrate---CoA ligase (AMP-forming) [EC:6.2.1.40]. K14469 acrylyl-CoA reductase (NADPH) / 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA ... succinyl-CoA:(S)-malate CoA-transferase subunit A [EC:2.8.3.22]. K14472 succinyl-CoA:(S)-malate CoA-transferase subunit B [EC: ...
Browse ORF cDNA clones by species Nectria haematococca mpVI 77-13-4, page 3
EC 6.2.1
Accepted name: acetate CoA ligase. Reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA. Other name(s): acetyl-CoA ... EC 6.2.1.6 glutarate CoA ligase. EC 6.2.1.7 cholate CoA ligase. EC 6.2.1.8 oxalate CoA ligase. EC 6.2.1.9 malate CoA ligase. EC ... CoA ligase; p-coumaryl-CoA ligase; p-hydroxycinnamic acid:CoA ligase; 4CL Systematic name: 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming) ... phenylacetyl-CoA ligase; PA-CoA ligase; phenylacetyl-CoA ligase (AMP-forming). Systematic name: phenylacetate:CoA ligase (AMP- ...
Expression of ACSS3 in cancer - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas
GO:0003987 [acetate-CoA ligase activity]. GO:0005524 [ATP binding]. GO:0005739 [mitochondrion]. GO:0005759 [mitochondrial ... Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3. Protein classi. Protein class the gene product belongs to according to ... Ligase. Predicted membrane proteins. Prediction method-based. Membrane proteins predicted by MDM. MEMSAT3 predicted membrane ... Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 3, mitochondrial; FLJ21963 protein, isoform CRA_b ...
Human Metabolome Database: Showing Protein Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase 2-like, mitochondrial (HMDBP00042)
Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity. Specific Function. Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting ... Essential for energy expenditure under ketogenic conditions (By similarity). Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be ... Acetyl adenylate + Coenzyme A → Adenosine monophosphate + Acetyl-CoA. details Adenosine triphosphate + Acetic acid → ... Propinol adenylate + Coenzyme A → Adenosine monophosphate + Propionyl-CoA. details Adenosine triphosphate + Propionic acid → ...
Browse ORF cDNA clones by species Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C, page 15
S cerevisiae.fasta
GO:0003824,catalytic activity,IEA; GO:0003987,acetate-CoA ligase activity,IDA; GO:0003987,acetate-CoA ligase activity,IEA; GO: ... GO:0004812,tRNA ligase activity,IEA; GO:0004814,arginine-tRNA ligase activity,IEA; GO:0004814,arginine-tRNA ligase activity,IMP ... aspartate-tRNA ligase activity,IEA; GO:0004816,asparagine-tRNA ligase activity,IDA; GO:0004816,asparagine-tRNA ligase activity, ... GO:0000151,ubiquitin ligase complex,IEA; GO:0004842,ubiquitin-protein ligase activity,IEA; GO:0005624,membrane fraction,IDA; GO ...
Acetate thiokinase definition | Drugs.com
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Phosphoric acid (HMDB0002142)
Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity. Specific function:. Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting ... 7. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2. General function:. Involved in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity. Specific function:. ACC-beta may ... Essential for energy expenditure under ketogenic conditions (By similarity). Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be ... Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1. General function:. Involved in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity. Specific function:. Catalyzes the ...
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Propionyl-CoA (HMDB0001275)
Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity. Specific function:. Not Available. Gene Name:. ACSS2. Uniprot ID:. Q96FY7 Molecular ... Propionyl-CoA + Acetyl-CoA → Coenzyme A + 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA. details. Propionyl-CoA + Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA → Coenzyme A ... Propionyl-CoA + Acetyl-CoA → Coenzyme A + 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA. details. Propionyl-CoA + Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA → Coenzyme A ... Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity. Specific function:. Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting ...
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Adenosine monophosphate (HMDB0000045)
Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity. Specific function:. Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or ... Involved in acetate-CoA ligase activity. Specific function:. Important for maintaining normal body temperature during fasting ... Essential for energy expenditure under ketogenic conditions (By similarity). Converts acetate to acetyl-CoA so that it can be ... Acetyl adenylate + Coenzyme A → Adenosine monophosphate + Acetyl-CoA. details. Propinol adenylate + Coenzyme A → Adenosine ...
Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Arctic Peat Soil Microbiota | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... acetate-CoA ligase (AMP forming); 2.7.2.1, acetate kinase; 2.3.1.8, phosphate acetyltransferase; 1.2.99.2, carbon monoxide ... the transcripts for AMP-forming acetate-coenzyme A ligase (EC 6.2.1.1), a key enzyme for acetoclastic methanogenesis by ... and methylamines in addition to acetate. Particularly, transcripts for methanogenesis from acetate and formate were abundant in ... However, whether this is due to homoacetogenic competition for H2 or to formate and acetate being major fermentation products ...
Methionine gamma-lyase - Wikipedia
Sequence Similarity Search - BLAST
Anti-ACSA-2 antibodies, mouse - Primary antibodies - Antibodies - MACS Flow Cytometry - Products - Miltenyi Biotec - USA
Gene Ontology
acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) activity. Molecular Function. GO:0047676. arachidonate-CoA ligase activity. ... acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1:. Biological Process. GO:0001676. long-chain fatty acid metabolic process. ... phytanate-CoA ligase activity. Molecular Function. GO:0102391. decanoate-CoA ligase activity. ...
KEGG SSDB Best Search Result: sai:Saci 1200
KEGG SSDB Best Search Result: xma:102228898
hje:HacjB3_11265 acetate/CoA ligase K01895 646 108 ( -) 30 0.345 84 -, 1 ldo:LDBPK_110150 hypothetical protein 880 108 ( -) 30 ... rce:RC1_1843 propionate--CoA ligase K01908 636 106 ( -) 30 0.339 109 -, 1 rhb:NY08_4545 Methionine aminopeptidase K01265 256 ... tes:BW730_14490 D-alanine--D-alanine ligase K01921 309 103 ( -) 29 0.308 78 ,-, 1 vpd:VAPA_1c01170 putative amidase K02433 462 ... tfa:BW733_07830 D-alanine--D-alanine ligase K01921 309 101 ( -) 29 0.311 74 -, 1 yep:YE105_C2880 putative B-type cytochrome 174 ...
Synthetase20
- Other names in common use include acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming), acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (adenosine diphosphate-forming), and acetate thiokinase. (wikipedia.org)
- Frenkel, EP & Kitchens, RL 1981, ' Acetyl-CoA Synthetase from Bakers' Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): EC 6.2.1.1 Acetate: CoA ligase (AMP-forming) ', Methods in Enzymology , vol. 71, no. (elsevier.com)
- citronellyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1. (genome.jp)
- A complete archaeal acetogenesis pathway is identified in the ANME-2a genome, and apparent acetogenic activity of the key enzymes ADP-forming acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-CoA synthetase is demonstrated. (nature.com)
- RLA controls the activities of many proteins, including the acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase (Acs), by modulating the degree of Acs acetylation. (asm.org)
- Relevant to this work is the RLA control of acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase (Acs), an AMP-forming CoA ligase involved in acetate utilization ( 11 ). (asm.org)
- The activity of the AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase is posttranslationally modified by the protein acetyltransferase Pat. (asm.org)
- Acetyl-CoA synthetase or Acetate-CoA ligase is an enzyme (EC 6.2.1.1) involved in metabolism of acetate. (creative-enzymes.com)
- High purity Acetyl-CoA synthetase (B. subtilis) for use in research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis. (creative-enzymes.com)
- One Unit of acetyl-CoA synthetase is defined as the amount of enzyme required to produce one μmole of NADH from NAD+. (creative-enzymes.com)
- Transcriptional control of the yeast acetyl-CoA synthetase gene, ACS1, by the positive regulators CAT8 and ADR1 and the pleiotropic repressor UME6. (nih.gov)
- The ACS1 gene, encoding one out of two acetyl-CoA synthetase isoenzymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is strictly regulated at the transcriptional level by the carbon source of the medium. (nih.gov)
- Acetyl-CoA-synthetase was isolated from cells of St. aureus 209-P. The method of isolation and partial purification of the enzyme is worked out. (meta.org)
- RESULTS: Transcriptomic analysis of the mutant deficient in this LuxR-type regulator showed that the acsA gene encoding acetyl-CoA synthetase was down-regulated. (yonsei.ac.kr)
- CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the VarS/VarA system plays a role in V. vulnificus metabolism via regulating AcsR, which in turn controls acetate metabolism by activating the transcription of the acetyl-CoA synthetase gene. (yonsei.ac.kr)
- To facilitate NAD(P)H supplementation, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 6 (ALD6) and acetyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACS1) were overexpressed in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae harboring the Pichia stipitis xylose reductase (XR) gene. (elsevier.com)
- Two independent pathways in Escherichia coli convert acetate to acetyl CoA: reversal of acetate production by phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase, and the acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) pathway that scavenges acetate. (nih.gov)
- In Salmonella enterica, SIR2 function was required for activity of the acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) enzyme. (nyu.edu)
- Sir2 proteins form a family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases required for diverse biological processes, including transcriptional silencing, suppression of rDNA recombination, control of p53 activity, regulation of acetyl-CoA synthetase, and aging. (princeton.edu)
- Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACS) belongs to the family of AMP-forming enzymes that also includes acyl-CoA synthetases, firefly luciferase, and nonribosomal peptide synthetases. (proteopedia.org)
Metabolism5
- Propionyl-CoA is an intermediate in the metabolism of propanoate. (hmdb.ca)
- 2-oxobutyrate is ultimately decomposed by acetate-CoA ligase and produces ATP, thus contributing to ATP metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- Specifically, it integrates distributed information from the literature to provide a complete and detailed view for metabolic processes such as acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate synthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, reductive tricarboxylic acid (RTCA) cycle, non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (NOPPP), nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide biosynthesis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Considering the changes of cell growth, ethanol and acetate production, a remarkable enhancement of xylitol production by ACS1 overexpression seemed be ascribed to energy and NAD(P)H generation through a metabolism from acetaldehyde to acetyl-CoA and TCA cycle. (elsevier.com)
- The possible role of a hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesterase in phenylpropanoid metabolism is discussed. (ubc.ca)
Gene1
- Acetate accumulation was accounted for by strong down-regulation of the acetate CoA ligase gene (acs) in addition to up-regulation of the pta and ackA genes (involved in acetate production), thus conserving ATP while reducing flux through the TCA cycle. (up.ac.za)
Pyruvate3
- An energy-conserving pyruvate-to-acetate pathway in Entamoeba histolytica. (wikipedia.org)
- Pyruvate synthase and acetate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (ADP-forming) activities were detected only in heterotrophically grown cultures. (umass.edu)
- Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + biotin + apo-(methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase) = AMP + diphosphate + (methylmalonyl-CoA:pyruvate carboxytransferase). (leibniz-fli.de)
Enzymes3
- It is in the ligase class of enzymes, meaning that it catalyzes the formation of a new chemical bond between two large molecules. (creative-enzymes.com)
- The reactions of the cycle are carried out by eight enzymes that completely oxidize acetate (a two carbon molecule), in the form of acetyl-CoA, into two molecules each of carbon dioxide and water. (wikipedia.org)
- The next circle … Table 4 Number of genes associated with the general COG functional categories Insights from the genome Annotation of the genome indicated that strain MZ1T has complete glycolytic and citric acid cycle pathways along with two complete acetate assimilation pathways with the key enzymes being acetate-CoA ligase and acetate kinase-phosphate acetyl transferase, respectively, thereby allowing MZ1T to utilize acetate as a carbon source [31]. (hormonessignaling.com)
Acetylation2
- Provides the acetyl-CoA source for histone acetylation in the nucleus. (ymdb.ca)
- Human SIR2A and yeast SIR2 proteins restored growth of SIR2-deficient S. enterica on acetate and propionate, suggesting that eukaryotic cells may also use SIR2 proteins to control the synthesis of acetyl-CoA by the level of acetylation of acetyl-CoA synthetases. (nyu.edu)
AcsA1
- In the first half reaction, AcsA combines acetate with ATP to form acetyl-adenylate (AcAMP) intermediate. (uniprot.org)
Acid-thiol ligases1
- This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, specifically those forming carbon-sulfur bonds as acid-thiol ligases. (wikipedia.org)
Diphosphate3
- ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA. (uniprot.org)
- Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + acetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetyl-CoA. (leibniz-fli.de)
- Catalysis of the reaction: succinate + CoA + nucleotide triphosphate = nucleotide diphosphate + phosphate + succinyl-CoA. (leibniz-fli.de)
1.131
- In enzymology, an acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) (EC 6.2.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + acetate + CoA ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + phosphate + acetyl-CoA The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, acetate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and acetyl-CoA. (wikipedia.org)
Acetyl group3
- In the second half reaction, it can then transfer the acetyl group from AcAMP to the sulfhydryl group of CoA, forming the product AcCoA. (uniprot.org)
- ACS catalyzes the two-step activation of acetate to acetyl-CoA: formation of an acetyl-AMP intermediate from acetate and ATP and the transfer of the acetyl group to CoA. (proteopedia.org)
- The citric acid cycle begins with the transfer of a two-carbon acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the four-carbon acceptor compound (oxaloacetate) to form a six-carbon compound (citrate). (wikipedia.org)
Catalyzes5
- Ligase that catalyzes the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate and coenzyme A. (roche.com)
- Catalyzes the conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (AcCoA), an essential intermediate at the junction of anabolic and catabolic pathways. (uniprot.org)
- An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate esters and water to alcohols and acetate. (bioportfolio.com)
- Catalyzes the production of acetyl-CoA. (ymdb.ca)
- ACS1_YEAST ] Catalyzes the production of acetyl-CoA. (proteopedia.org)
Lyase2
- Acetylated citrate lyase, acetate:CoA ligase (AMP forming), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities increased in autotrophic and acetate-containing cultures. (umass.edu)
- These data suggest that citrate lyase and AMP-forming acetate:CoA ligase, but not ATP citrate synthase, work opposite citrate synthase to control the direction of carbon flow in the citric acid cycle. (umass.edu)
Saccharomyces1
- Consistent with this idea, growth of a quintuple sir2 hst1 hst2 hst3 hst4 mutant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on acetate or propionate was severely impaired. (nyu.edu)
Pathway2
- For example, 58.3% of candidate phylum Atribacteria (formerly known as JS1) are heterotrophic anaerobes and can catabolize organic acids such as acetate and propionate via the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway in the sulfate methane transition zone of Ulleung Basin 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
- 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) activity is required for the activation of hydroxycinnamic acids prior to their being fed into the lignin specific branch pathway. (ubc.ca)
Succinate1
- Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + succinate + CoA = ADP + succinyl-CoA + phosphate. (leibniz-fli.de)
Yeast3
- P. islandicum was grown at 95 degrees C autotrophically, heterotrophically, and mixotrophically with acetate, H2, and small amounts of yeast extract and with thiosulfate as the terminal electron acceptor. (umass.edu)
- The growth rates on H2 and 0.001% yeast extract with and without 0.05% acetate were the same, but the maximum concentration of cells was fourfold higher with acetate. (umass.edu)
- There was no growth with acetate if 0.001% yeast extract was not present, and addition of H2 to acetate-containing medium greatly increased the growth rates and maximum concentrations of cells. (umass.edu)
Synthase1
- Citrate synthase activity decreased in autotrophic and acetate-containing cultures compared to the activity in heterotrophic cultures. (umass.edu)
Synthesis1
- Activates acetate so that it can be used for lipid synthesis or for energy generation. (abcam.com)
Reaction2
- The product of this reaction, acetyl-CoA, is the starting point for the citric acid cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- This was previously masked by the fact that recombinant 4CL could convert most hydroxycinnamic acids to hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters faster than the thioesterase could perform the reverse reaction. (ubc.ca)
Propionic1
- Propionic aciduria is caused by an autosomal recessive disorder of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase deficiency (EC 6.4.1.3). (hmdb.ca)
Activity3
- We investigate the acetogenic capacity of ANME-2a in a simulated cold seep ecosystem using high-pressure biotechnology, where both AOM activity and acetate production are detected. (nature.com)
- An iolR mutant strain displayed a growth defect in minimal medium containing 10 mM acetate, a condition under which RLA function is critical to control Acs activity. (asm.org)
- A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. (leibniz-fli.de)
Substrates1
- The thioesterase is able to use all hydroxycinammoyl-CoA thioesters as substrates. (ubc.ca)
Citric acid3
- Citric acid cycle in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum islandicum grown autotrophically, heterotrophically, and mixotrophically with acetate. (umass.edu)
- The citric acid cycle ( CAC ) - also known as the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) or the Krebs cycle [1] [2] - is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates , fats , and proteins . (wikipedia.org)
- Through catabolism of sugars, fats, and proteins, the two-carbon organic product acetyl-CoA (a form of acetate) is produced which enters the citric acid cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Ethanol and acetate1
- May be required for assimilation of ethanol and acetate. (proteopedia.org)
Enzyme class1
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming). (wikipedia.org)
Ethyl acetate3
- the second type is a compound whose structure contains the acetate ion, such as ethyl acetate. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Ethyl acetate (EA) is used as a solvent in inks and industrial liquids, and pallets used in plants, etc. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The ethyl acetate plant is expected to be commissioned during 2013," Sipchem said. (thefreedictionary.com)
Utilize acetate1
- It preferred to utilize acetate as the carbon source to accumulate poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) as intracellular carbon and energy storage. (usda.gov)