Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.
Hydroxycinnamic acid and its derivatives. Act as activators of the indoleacetic acid oxidizing system, thereby producing a decrease in the endogenous level of bound indoleacetic acid in plants.
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of PHENYLALANINE to form trans-cinnamate and ammonia.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of linear RNA to a circular form by the transfer of the 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl terminus. It also catalyzes the covalent joining of two polyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage. EC 6.5.1.3.
S-Acyl coenzyme A. Fatty acid coenzyme A derivatives that are involved in the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids as well as in ceramide formation.
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
A diverse class of enzymes that interact with UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES and ubiquitination-specific protein substrates. Each member of this enzyme group has its own distinct specificity for a substrate and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Ubiquitin-protein ligases exist as both monomeric proteins multiprotein complexes.
Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature 1992) EC 2.3.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.
A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.
Poly(deoxyribonucleotide):poly(deoxyribonucleotide)ligases. Enzymes that catalyze the joining of preformed deoxyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage during genetic processes during repair of a single-stranded break in duplex DNA. The class includes both EC 6.5.1.1 (ATP) and EC 6.5.1.2 (NAD).
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.
Catalyze the joining of preformed ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides in phosphodiester linkage during genetic processes. EC 6.5.1.
The act of ligating UBIQUITINS to PROTEINS to form ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes to label proteins for transport to the PROTEASOME ENDOPEPTIDASE COMPLEX where proteolysis occurs.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Complexes of enzymes that catalyze the covalent attachment of UBIQUITIN to other proteins by forming a peptide bond between the C-terminal GLYCINE of UBIQUITIN and the alpha-amino groups of LYSINE residues in the protein. The complexes play an important role in mediating the selective-degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins. The complex of enzymes can be broken down into three components that involve activation of ubiquitin (UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES), conjugation of ubiquitin to the ligase complex (UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES), and ligation of ubiquitin to the substrate protein (UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES).
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of acetate in the presence of a divalent cation and ATP with the formation of acetylphosphate and ADP. It is important in the glycolysis process. EC 2.7.2.1.
A class of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a bond between two substrate molecules, coupled with the hydrolysis of a pyrophosphate bond in ATP or a similar energy donor. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 6.
A family of structurally related proteins that were originally discovered for their role in cell-cycle regulation in CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS. They play important roles in regulation of the CELL CYCLE and as components of UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES.
The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.
A highly conserved 76-amino acid peptide universally found in eukaryotic cells that functions as a marker for intracellular PROTEIN TRANSPORT and degradation. Ubiquitin becomes activated through a series of complicated steps and forms an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of specific proteins within the cell. These "ubiquitinated" proteins can be recognized and degraded by proteosomes or be transported to specific compartments within the cell.
One of the enzymes active in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. It catalyzes the synthesis of gamma-glutamylcysteine from glutamate and cysteine in the presence of ATP with the formation of ADP and orthophosphate. EC 6.3.2.2.
A synthetic progestin that is derived from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is a long-acting contraceptive that is effective both orally or by intramuscular injection and has also been used to treat breast and endometrial neoplasms.
Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites.
A DNA amplification technique based upon the ligation of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES. The probes are designed to exactly match two adjacent sequences of a specific target DNA. The chain reaction is repeated in three steps in the presence of excess probe: (1) heat denaturation of double-stranded DNA, (2) annealing of probes to target DNA, and (3) joining of the probes by thermostable DNA ligase. After the reaction is repeated for 20-30 cycles the production of ligated probe is measured.
A subset of ubiquitin protein ligases that are formed by the association of a SKP DOMAIN PROTEIN, a CULLIN DOMAIN PROTEIN and a F-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN.
A family of proteins that share the F-BOX MOTIF and are involved in protein-protein interactions. They play an important role in process of protein ubiquition by associating with a variety of substrates and then associating into SCF UBIQUITIN LIGASE complexes. They are held in the ubiquitin-ligase complex via binding to SKP DOMAIN PROTEINS.
Megestrol acetate is a progestogen with actions and uses similar to those of the progestogens in general. It also has anti-androgenic properties. It is given by mouth in the palliative treatment or as an adjunct to other therapy in endometrial carcinoma and in breast cancer. Megestrol acetate has been approved to treat anorexia and cachexia. (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
Enzymes which transfer coenzyme A moieties from acyl- or acetyl-CoA to various carboxylic acceptors forming a thiol ester. Enzymes in this group are instrumental in ketone body metabolism and utilization of acetoacetate in mitochondria. EC 2.8.3.
Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
A class of enzymes that form a thioester bond to UBIQUITIN with the assistance of UBIQUITIN-ACTIVATING ENZYMES. They transfer ubiquitin to the LYSINE of a substrate protein with the assistance of UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASES.
Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.
A zinc-binding domain defined by the sequence Cysteine-X2-Cysteine-X(9-39)-Cysteine-X(l-3)-His-X(2-3)-Cysteine-X2-Cysteine -X(4-48)-Cysteine-X2-Cysteine, where X is any amino acid. The RING finger motif binds two atoms of zinc, with each zinc atom ligated tetrahedrally by either four cysteines or three cysteines and a histidine. The motif also forms into a unitary structure with a central cross-brace region and is found in many proteins that are involved in protein-protein interactions. The acronym RING stands for Really Interesting New Gene.
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP, acetate, and CoA to form AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl CoA. It acts also on propionates and acrylates. EC 6.2.1.1.
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
A large multisubunit complex that plays an important role in the degradation of most of the cytosolic and nuclear proteins in eukaryotic cells. It contains a 700-kDa catalytic sub-complex and two 700-kDa regulatory sub-complexes. The complex digests ubiquitinated proteins and protein activated via ornithine decarboxylase antizyme.
An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive.
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
A salt produced by the reaction of zinc oxide with acetic acid and used as an astringent, styptic, and emetic.
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
A family of proteins that are structurally-related to Ubiquitin. Ubiquitins and ubiquitin-like proteins participate in diverse cellular functions, such as protein degradation and HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE, by conjugation to other proteins.
Cleavage of proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids either by PROTEASES or non-enzymatically (e.g., Hydrolysis). It does not include Protein Processing, Post-Translational.
A family of structurally-related proteins that were originally identified by their ability to complex with cyclin proteins (CYCLINS). They share a common domain that binds specifically to F-BOX MOTIFS. They take part in SKP CULLIN F-BOX PROTEIN LIGASES, where they can bind to a variety of F-BOX PROTEINS.
The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).
A 6-methyl PROGESTERONE acetate with reported glucocorticoid activity and effect on ESTRUS.
An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice.
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of acetylphosphate from acetyl-CoA and inorganic phosphate. Acetylphosphate serves as a high-energy phosphate compound. EC 2.3.1.8.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.
An oligomer formed from the repetitive linking of the C-terminal glycine of one UBIQUITIN molecule via an isopeptide bond to a lysine residue on a second ubiquitin molecule. It is structurally distinct from UBIQUITIN C, which is a single protein containing a tandemly arrayed ubiquitin peptide sequence.
An E3 ubiquitin ligase primarily involved in regulation of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition during MITOSIS through ubiquitination of specific CELL CYCLE PROTEINS. Enzyme activity is tightly regulated through subunits and cofactors, which modulate activation, inhibition, and substrate specificity. The anaphase-promoting complex, or APC-C, is also involved in tissue differentiation in the PLACENTA, CRYSTALLINE LENS, and SKELETAL MUSCLE, and in regulation of postmitotic NEURONAL PLASTICITY and excitability.
A family of F-box domain proteins that contain sequences that are homologous to the beta subunit of transducin (BETA-TRANSDUCIN). They play an important role in the protein degradation pathway by becoming components of SKP CULLIN F-BOX PROTEIN LIGASES, which selectively act on a subset of proteins including beta-catenin and IkappaBbeta.
Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure.
Proto-oncogene proteins that negatively regulate RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE signaling. It is a UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE and the cellular homologue of ONCOGENE PROTEIN V-CBL.
An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.
A family of structurally related proteins that are constitutively expressed and that negatively regulate cytokine-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. PIAS proteins inhibit the activity of signal transducers and activators of transcription.
Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.
Electrophoresis in which cellulose acetate is the diffusion medium.
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
A type of POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN MODIFICATION by SMALL UBIQUITIN-RELATED MODIFIER PROTEINS (also known as SUMO proteins).
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Enzymes that catalyze the first step leading to the oxidation of succinic acid by the reversible formation of succinyl-CoA from succinate and CoA with the concomitant cleavage of ATP to ADP (EC 6.2.1.5) or GTP to GDP (EC 6.2.1.4) and orthophosphate. Itaconate can act instead of succinate and ITP instead of GTP.EC 6.2.1.-.
A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
A phenyl mercury compound used mainly as a fungicide. Has also been used as a herbicide, slimicide, and bacteriocide.
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to the 5'-terminal hydroxyl groups of DNA and RNA. EC 2.7.1.78.
Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.
A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Stable carbon atoms that have the same atomic number as the element carbon, but differ in atomic weight. C-13 is a stable carbon isotope.
17-Hydroxy-6-methylpregna-3,6-diene-3,20-dione. A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.

The Cryptosporidium "mouse" genotype is conserved across geographic areas. (1/150)

A 298-bp region of the Cryptosporidium parvum 18S rRNA gene and a 390-bp region of the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase gene were sequenced for a range of Cryptosporidium isolates from wild house mice (Mus domesticus), a bat (Myotus adversus), and cattle from different geographical areas. Previous research has identified a distinct genotype, referred to as the "mouse"-derived Cryptosporidium genotype, common to isolates from Australian mice. Comparison of a wider range of Australian mouse isolates with United Kingdom and Spanish isolates from mice and cattle and also an Australian bat-derived Cryptosporidium isolate revealed that the "mouse" genotype is conserved across geographic areas. Mice are also susceptible to infection with the "cattle" Cryptosporidium genotype, which has important implications for their role as reservoirs of infection for humans and domestic animals.  (+info)

The role of an iron-sulfur cluster in an enzymatic methylation reaction. Methylation of CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase by the methylated corrinoid iron-sulfur protein. (2/150)

This paper focuses on how a methyl group is transferred from a methyl-cobalt(III) species on one protein (the corrinoid iron-sulfur protein (CFeSP)) to a nickel iron-sulfur cluster on another protein (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase). This is an essential step in the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway of anaerobic CO and CO2 fixation. The results described here strongly indicate that transfer of methyl group to carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase occurs by an SN2 pathway. They also provide convincing evidence that oxidative inactivation of Co(I) competes with methylation. Under the conditions of our anaerobic assay, Co(I) escapes from the catalytic cycle one in every 100 turnover cycles. Reductive activation of the CFeSP is required to regenerate Co(I) and recruit the protein back into the catalytic cycle. Our results strongly indicate that the [4Fe-4S] cluster of the CFeSP is required for reductive activation. They support the hypothesis that the [4Fe-4S] cluster of the CFeSP does not participate directly in the methyl transfer step but provides a conduit for electron flow from physiological reductants to the cobalt center.  (+info)

Purification and catalytic properties of Ech hydrogenase from Methanosarcina barkeri. (3/150)

Methanosarcina barkeri has recently been shown to produce a multisubunit membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenase designated Ech (Escherichia coli hydrogenase 3) hydrogenase. In the present study Ech hydrogenase was purified to apparent homogeneity in a high yield. The enzyme preparation obtained only contained the six polypeptides which had previously been shown to be encoded by the ech operon. The purified enzyme was found to contain 0.9 mol of Ni, 11.3 mol of nonheme-iron and 10.8 mol of acid-labile sulfur per mol of enzyme. Using the purified enzyme the kinetic parameters were determined. The enzyme catalyzed the H2 dependent reduction of a M. barkeri 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxin with a specific activity of 50 U x mg protein-1 at pH 7.0 and exhibited an apparent Km for the ferredoxin of 1 microM. The enzyme also catalyzed hydrogen formation with the reduced ferredoxin as electron donor at a rate of 90 U x mg protein-1 at pH 7.0. The apparent Km for the reduced ferredoxin was 7.5 microM. Reduction or oxidation of the ferredoxin proceeded at similar rates as the reduction or oxidation of oxidized or reduced methylviologen, respectively. The apparent Km for H2 was 5 microM. The kinetic data strongly indicate that the ferredoxin is the physiological electron donor or acceptor of Ech hydrogenase. Ech hydrogenase amounts to about 3% of the total cell protein in acetate-grown, methanol-grown or H2/CO2-grown cells of M. barkeri, as calculated from quantitative Western blot experiments. The function of Ech hydrogenase is ascribed to ferredoxin-linked H2 production coupled to the oxidation of the carbonyl-group of acetyl-CoA to CO2 during growth on acetate, and to ferredoxin-linked H2 uptake coupled to the reduction of CO2 to the redox state of CO during growth on H2/CO2 or methanol.  (+info)

Molecular cloning and cell-cycle-dependent expression of the acetyl-CoA synthetase gene in Tetrahymena cells. (4/150)

To identify transcriptionally regulated mediators associated with the cell cycle, we adopted the differential mRNA display technique for cell cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis synchronized by cyclic heat treatment. One cDNA fragment that was expressed differently during synchronous cell division had a greatly decreased expression at 30 min after the end of heat treatment (EHT). Using this fragment as a probe, we isolated the full-length cDNA for T. pyriformis acetyl-CoA synthetase (TpAcs) which encodes a 651 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 72.8 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of T. pyriformis ACS shows 42% sequence identity compared with that of Lysobacter sp. acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), an enzyme which catalyses the formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate via an acetyl-adenylate intermediate. The deduced sequence is also 41% and 40% identical compared with those of Pseudomonas putida and Coprinus cinereus ACS, respectively. The deduced sequence of T. pyriformis ACS also shares similar characteristics of the conserved motifs I and II in the ACS family. To further investigate the actions of the gene encoding this enzyme, mRNA expression was determined during the course of synchronized cell division in T. pyriformis. Northern blot results show that the mRNA level was dramatically decreased at 30 min after EHT prior to entering synchronous cell division (which occurs 75 min after EHT), suggesting that mRNA expression of the TpAcs was associated with the cell cycle and that the down-regulated expression of TpAcs at 30 min after EHT would be required for the initiation of the oncoming synchronous cell division in T. pyriformis.  (+info)

Oxalic acid production by Aspergillus niger: an oxalate-non-producing mutant produces citric acid at pH 5 and in the presence of manganese. (5/150)

The external pH appeared to be the main factor governing oxalic acid production by Aspergillus niger. A glucose-oxidase-negative mutant produced substantial amounts of oxalic acid as long as the pH of the culture was 3 or higher. When pH was decreased below 2, no oxalic acid was formed. The activity of oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH), the enzyme believed to be responsible for oxalate formation in A. niger, correlated with oxalate production. OAH was purified from A. niger and characterized. OAH cleaves oxaloacetate to oxalate and acetate, but A. niger never accumulated any acetate in the culture broth. Since an A. niger acuA mutant, which lacks acetyl-CoA synthase, did produce some acetate, wild-type A. niger is apparently able to catabolize acetate sufficiently fast to prevent its production. An A. niger mutant, prtF28, previously isolated in a screen for strains deficient in extracellular protease expression, was shown here to be oxalate non-producing. The prtF28 mutant lacked OAH, implying that OAH is the only enzyme involved in oxalate production in A. niger. In a traditional citric acid fermentation low pH and absence of Mn2+ are prerequisites. Remarkably, a strain lacking both glucose oxidase (goxC) and OAH (prtF) produced citric acid from sugar substrates in a regular synthetic medium at pH 5 and under these conditions production was completely insensitive to Mn2+.  (+info)

sigma(70) is the principal sigma factor responsible for transcription of acs, which encodes acetyl coenzyme A synthetase in Escherichia coli. (6/150)

Cells of Escherichia coli undergo a metabolic switch associated with the production and utilization of acetate. During exponential growth on tryptone broth, these cells excrete acetate via the phosphotransacetylase-acetate kinase (Pta-AckA) pathway. As they begin the transition to stationary phase, they instead resorb acetate, activate it to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by means of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) and utilize it to generate energy and biosynthetic components via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate shunt, respectively. This metabolic switch depends upon the induction of Acs. As part of our effort to dissect the mechanism(s) underlying induction and to identify the signal(s) that triggers that induction, we sought the sigma factor most responsible for acs expression. Using isogenic strains that carry a temperature sensitivity allele of the gene that encodes sigma(70) and either a wild-type or null allele of the gene that encodes sigma(S), we determined by immunoblotting, reverse transcriptase PCR, and acs::lacZ transcriptional fusion analyses that sigma(70) is the sigma factor primarily responsible for the acs transcription that cells induce during mid-exponential phase. In contrast, sigma(S) partially inhibits that transcription as cells enter stationary phase.  (+info)

Evidence for intersubunit communication during acetyl-CoA cleavage by the multienzyme CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase complex from Methanosarcina thermophila. Evidence that the beta subunit catalyzes C-C and C-S bond cleavage. (7/150)

The carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (CODH/ACS) from Methanosarcina thermophila is part of a five-subunit complex consisting of alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The multienzyme complex catalyzes the reversible oxidation of CO to CO(2), transfer of the methyl group of acetyl-CoA to tetrahydromethanopterin (H(4)MPT), and acetyl-CoA synthesis from CO, CoA, and methyl-H(4)MPT. The alpha and epsilon subunits are required for CO oxidation. The gamma and delta subunits constitute a corrinoid iron-sulfur protein that is involved in the transmethylation reaction. This work focuses on the beta subunit. The isolated beta subunit contains significant amounts of nickel. When proteases truncate the beta subunit, causing the CODH/ACS complex to dissociate, the amount of intact beta subunit correlates directly with the EPR signal intensity of Cluster A and the activity of the CO/acetyl-CoA exchange reaction. Our results strongly indicate that the beta subunit harbors Cluster A, a NiFeS cluster, that is the active site of acetyl-CoA cleavage and assembly. Although the beta subunit is necessary, it is not sufficient for acetyl-CoA synthesis; interactions between the CODH and the ACS subunits are required for cleavage or synthesis of the C-C bond of acetyl-CoA. We propose that these interactions include intramolecular electron transfer reactions between the CODH and ACS subunits.  (+info)

Acetyl-CoA synthetase from the amitochondriate eukaryote Giardia lamblia belongs to the newly recognized superfamily of acyl-CoA synthetases (Nucleoside diphosphate-forming). (8/150)

The gene coding for the acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) from the amitochondriate eukaryote Giardia lamblia has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme, utilizing acetyl-CoA and adenine nucleotides as preferred substrates and less efficiently, propionyl- and succinyl-CoA. N- and C-terminal parts of the G. lamblia acetyl-CoA synthetase sequence were found to be homologous to the alpha- and beta-subunits, respectively, of succinyl-CoA synthetase. Sequence analysis of homologous enzymes from various bacteria, archaea, and the eukaryote, Plasmodium falciparum, identified conserved features in their organization, which allowed us to delineate a new superfamily of acyl-CoA synthetases (nucleoside diphosphate-forming) and its signature motifs. The representatives of this new superfamily of thiokinases vary in their domain arrangement, some consisting of separate alpha- and beta-subunits and others comprising fusion proteins in alpha-beta or beta-alpha orientation. The presence of homologs of acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) in such human pathogens as G. lamblia, Yersinia pestis, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and the malaria agent P. falciparum suggests that they might be used as potential drug targets.  (+info)

... an acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) (EC 6.2.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + acetate + CoA ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetate:CoA ligase (ADP-forming). Other names in common use include acetyl-CoA ... acetate, and CoA, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and acetyl-CoA. This enzyme belongs to the family of ligases, ... Pyruvate synthase and a new acetate thiokinase". J. Biol. Chem. 252 (2): 726-31. PMID 13076. Portal: Biology v t e (EC 6.2.1, ...
2-oxobutyrate is ultimately decomposed by acetate-CoA ligase and produces ATP, thus contributing to ATP metabolism. MGL also ...
... (ACS) or Acetate-CoA ligase is an enzyme (EC 6.2.1.1) involved in metabolism of acetate. It is in the ... Acetate + CoA <=> AMP + Pyrophosphate + Acetyl-CoA Once acetyl-CoA is formed it can be used in the TCA cycle in aerobic ... Co-A then rotates in the active site into the position where acetate can covalently bind to CoA. The covalent bond is formed ... The two molecules joined together that make up Acetyl CoA are acetate and coenzyme A (CoA). The complete reaction with all the ...
Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS), not to be confused with Acetyl-CoA synthetase or Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP forming), is a nickel- ... the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway allows for the anaerobic oxidation of acetate where ATP is used to convert acetate into acetyl-CoA, ... For example, acetate-forming bacteria use acetyl-CoA for their autotrophic growth processes, and methanogenic archae such as ... CoA then binds to the metal and the final product, acetyl-CoA, is formed. Some criticisms of this mechanism are that it is ...
... acetate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.2: medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.3: long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.4: succinate- ... glutarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.7: cholate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.8: oxalate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.9: malate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.10: ... cholate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.30: phenylacetate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.31: 2-furoate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.32: anthranilate-CoA ligase ... arachidonate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.16: acetoacetate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.17: propionate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.18: citrate-CoA ligase ...
Types include: Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) Butyrate-CoA ligase Citrate-CoA ligase Malate-CoA ligase Succinate-CoA ligase ( ... A Thiokinase is a ligase that synthesizes CoA Thioesters. They are classified under EC number 6.2, but often have primary names ... Succinate-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) Portal: Biology v t e (Orphaned articles from September 2019, All orphaned articles, EC 6.2 ...
... may refer to: Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming), an enzyme Acetyl-CoA synthetase (or Acetyl-CoA ligase), an ...
... acetate:CoA ligase (AMP-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction [(1R)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3- ... 2,2,3-Trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA synthase (EC 6.2.1.38, 2-oxo-Delta3-4,5,5-trimethylcyclopentenylacetyl-CoA ... enyl]acetate + ATP + CoA ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } AMP + diphosphate + [(1R)-2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl] ... 2,2,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclopent-3-enyl)acetyl-CoA+synthase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH ...
... coenzyme a ligases MeSH D08.811.464.267.500.200 - acetate-coa ligase MeSH D08.811.464.267.500.600 - succinate-coa ligases MeSH ... acyl-coa dehydrogenase, long-chain MeSH D08.811.682.660.150.200 - acyl-CoA oxidase MeSH D08.811.682.660.150.300 - butyryl-coa ... alanine-tRNA ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.100 - arginine-tRNA ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.150 - aspartate-tRNA ligase ... glycine-trna ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.400 - histidine-trna ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.450 - isoleucine-trna ligase ...
... succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase. This specialized enzyme links the TCA cycle with acetate metabolism in these organisms. ... Most organisms utilize EC 6.2.1.5, succinate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming) (despite its name, the enzyme operates in the pathway in ... The cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, releasing carbon dioxide. The NADH ... It is the oxidation of the acetate portion of acetyl-CoA that produces CO2 and water, with the energy thus released captured in ...
... which is in turn converted to feruloyl-CoA by the enzyme 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase (4CL). Next, feruloyl-CoA is reduced to ... forming coniferyl acetate. Finally, coniferyl acetate is converted to eugenol via the enzyme eugenol synthase 1 and the use of ... coniferaldehyde by cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR). Coniferaldeyhyde is then further reduced to coniferyl alcohol by cinnamyl- ...
Acid-CoA ligase (GDP-forming) EC 6.2.1.11: Biotin-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.12: 4-coumarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.13: Acetate-CoA ... Glutarate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.7: Cholate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.8: Oxalate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.9: Malate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.10: ... Arachidonate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.16: Acetoacetate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.17: Propionate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.18: Citrate-CoA ligase ... Acetate-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.2: Medium-chain acyl-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.3: Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase EC 6.2.1.4: Succinate- ...
Oxalate-CoA ligase Formyl-CoA transferase Oxalate CoA-transferase Baetz AL, Allison MJ (July 1990). "Purification and ... a required enzyme for isoleucine and valine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12 during growth on acetate as the sole carbon ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is oxalyl-CoA carboxy-lyase (formyl-CoA-forming). Other names in common use include ... This addition is followed by the decarboxylation of oxalyl-CoA, and then the oxidation and removal of formyl-CoA to regenerate ...
Once inside the cell long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase catalyzes the reaction between a fatty acid molecule with ATP (which is ... acetate) units, which, combined with co-enzyme A, form molecules of acetyl CoA, which condense with oxaloacetate to form ... Acetyl-CoA is formed into malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, at which point malonyl-CoA is destined to feed into the fatty ... acetyl-CoA and 1 molecule of propionyl-CoA per molecule of fatty acid. Each beta oxidative cut of the acyl-CoA molecule ...
... also known as butyrate-CoA ligase. The metabolite produced by this reaction is butyryl-CoA, and is produced as follows: ... omnivores and herbivores have butyrate-producing bacterial communities dominated by the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase ... This intermediate then takes two possible pathways: acetoacetyl CoA → acetoacetate → acetone acetoacetyl CoA → butyryl CoA → ... Sodium butyrate Butyl butyrate Butyryl-CoA Cellulose acetate butyrate (aircraft dope) Estradiol benzoate butyrate Ethyl ...
Cholesterol is synthesized from acetyl CoA. The pathway is shown below: More generally, this synthesis occurs in three stages, ... Okazaki fragments are covalently joined by DNA ligase to form a continuous strand. Then, to complete DNA replication, RNA ... Organisms that use ethanol and acetate as the major carbon source utilize the glyconeogenic pathway to synthesize glycine. The ... In microorganisms and plants, the enzyme serine acetyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl-CoA onto L ...
It is also inhibited by succinyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA, which resembles Acetyl-coA and acts as a competitive inhibitor to ... Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation reaction of the two-carbon acetate residue from acetyl coenzyme A and a molecule of ... These experiments have revealed that this single site alternates between two forms, which participate in ligase and hydrolase ... This induces the enzyme to change its conformation, and creates a binding site for the acetyl-CoA. Only when this citryl-CoA ...
CoA ligases and requires energy in the form of ATP. ... The benzoyl-CoA is then conjugated to glycine by GLYAT to form hippuric ... Sodium acetate has been used instead of pyridine. In the 20th century chloroacetone, benzene, and anhydrous aluminum chloride ... First benzoate is ligated to CoASH to form the high-energy benzoyl-CoA thioester. This reaction is catalyzed by the HXM-A and ... Acetate". Journal of Forensic Sciences. 37 (1): 301-322. doi:10.1520/JFS13235J. ISSN 0022-1198. The illicit synthesis of phenyl ...
... cinnamoyl-CoA:phenyllactate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.18: succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase (*) EC 2.8.3.19: CoA:oxalate CoA- ... acetate kinase (diphosphate) EC 2.7.2.13: Now known to be due to the activities of EC 6.1.1.17, glutamate-tRNA ligase, EC 1.2. ... succinyl-CoA-L-malate CoA-transferase and EC 2.8.3.20, succinyl-CoA-Dcitramalate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.8: acetate CoA- ... 3-oxoadipate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.7: succinate-citramalate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.8: acetate CoA-transferase EC 2.8.3.9: ...
It is the oxidation of the acetate portion of acetyl-CoA that produces CO2 and water, with the energy thus released captured in ... kynurenine hydroxylase and fatty acid Co-A ligase. Disruption of the outer membrane permits proteins in the intermembrane space ... Acetyl-CoA, on the other hand, derived from pyruvate oxidation, or from the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, is the only fuel to ... With each turn of the cycle one molecule of acetyl-CoA is consumed for every molecule of oxaloacetate present in the ...
... acetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.2: palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.3: succinyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.4: 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA ... isoamyl acetate esterase * EC 3.1.1.113: ethyl acetate hydrolase * EC 3.1.1.114: methyl acetate hydrolase * EC 3.1.1.115: D- ... glutamateammonia ligase] phosphorylase EC 3.1.4.16: 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 2′-phosphodiesterase EC 3.1.4.17: 3′,5′-cyclic- ... EC 3.1.2.25: phenylacetyl-CoA hydrolase EC 3.1.2.26: Now EC 2.8.3.25, bile acid CoA transferase EC 3.1.2.27: choloyl-CoA ...
Acetate-CoA Ligase Entry term(s). Acetate CoA Ligase Acetate Thiokinase Acetothiokinase Acetyl Activating Enzyme Acetyl CoA ... Acetate coA-ligase Entry term(s):. Acetate CoA Ligase. Acetate Thiokinase. Acetothiokinase. Acetyl Activating Enzyme. Acetyl ... CoA Synthetase, Acetyl Enzyme, Acetyl Activating Ligase, Acetate-CoA Synthetase, Acetyl CoA Thiokinase, Acetate ... CoA Synthetase, Acetyl. Enzyme, Acetyl Activating. Ligase, Acetate-CoA. Synthetase, Acetyl CoA. Thiokinase, Acetate. ...
Align candidate WP_011386526.1 AMB_RS21140 (acetate--CoA ligase) to HMM TIGR02188 (acs: acetate--CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.1)) ... CoA ligase; Acyl-activating enzyme; EC 6.2.1.1 (characterized) to candidate WP_011386526.1 AMB_RS21140 acetate--CoA ligase ... CoA_lig_AcsA: acetate--CoA ligase Scores for complete sequences (score includes all domains): --- full sequence --- --- best 1 ... RS21140 acetate--CoA ligase # score bias c-Evalue i-Evalue hmmfrom hmm to alifrom ali to envfrom env to acc ...
Acetate-CoA Ligase 63% * The Non-pregnant and Pregnant Human Cervix: a Systematic Proteomic Analysis. Barnum, C. E., Shetye, S ... Enzymatic transfer of acetate on histones from lysine reservoir sites to lysine activating sites. Mendoza, M., Egervari, G., ... Targeting acetyl-CoA metabolism attenuates the formation of fear memories through reduced activity-dependent histone ...
acetate--CoA ligase (TIGR02188; EC 6.2.1.1; HMM-score: 159.8) Metabolism Transport and binding proteins Cations and iron ... dicarboxylate--CoA ligase PimA (TIGR03205; EC 6.2.1.23; HMM-score: 78.9) propionate--CoA ligase (TIGR02316; EC 6.2.1.17; HMM- ... CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.3). Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments Biotin Biotin biosynthesis Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ... 4-coumarate--CoA ligase (TIGR02372; EC 6.2.1.12; HMM-score: 24.5) Hypothetical proteins Conserved TIGR01777 family protein ( ...
Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) and acetate ligase (ACD) are widespread among microorganisms, including archaea, and play an ... The conversion of acetate into acetyl-CoA (Vmax of 8.4 µmol mg-1 min-1 and Km of 0.7 mM acetate) by the monomeric 73.8-kDa ACS ... Acetate and Acetyl-CoA Metabolism of ANME-2 Anaerobic Archaeal Methanotrophs. Ouboter, Heleen T; Arshad, Arslan; Berger, ... acetate of 0.9 µmol mg-1 min-1 versus Vmax,acetyl-CoA of 0.3 µmol mg-1 min-1). The heterotetrameric ACD enzyme from ANME-2d was ...
Acetyl-CoA:anthranilate acetyltransferase. ACCOAL. Acetate-CoA ligase (ADP-forming). ACGS. N-acetylglutamate synthase ... Metabolite coa_c in iNRG857_1313. Coenzyme A. ... Fatty-acid-CoA ligase (decanoate transport via vectoral Co-A ...
CoA + acetate + ATP <=> phosphate + acetyl-CoA + ADP 6.2.1.1 acetate---CoA ligase 6.2.1.13 acetate---CoA ligase (ADP-forming) ... succinyl-CoA + acetate <=> succinate + acetyl-CoA 2.8.3.1 propionate CoA-transferase 2.8.3.18 succinyl-CoA:acetate CoA- ... acetyl-CoA + propionate <=> acetate + propionyl-CoA 2.8.3.1 propionate CoA-transferase 2.8.3.12 glutaconate CoA-transferase 2.8 ... acetyl-CoA <=> acetoacetyl-CoA + CoA 1.1.1.34 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) 2.3.1.155 acetyl-CoA C- ...
Acetate-CoA Ligase Activity. *Protein Binding. Biological Process. *Oocyte Maturation. *Double-strand Break Repair ...
Among the mitochondrial enzymes, lower transcription of the NADP+-specific ICDH and succinate-CoA ligase genes was observed in ... This acetate-converting enzyme is part of the acetate assimilation pathway and was likely upregulated, since cells at this ... succinate-CoA ligase, and fumarate hydratase (RHOT145845, -7009 and -5604, respectively), or in the synthesis of cofactors of ... in oleaginous yeasts and succinate-CoA ligase catalyzes the subsequent reaction in the TCA-cycle. On the other hand, we found ...
... acetyl-CoA synthase; ACK, acetate kinase; ACAT, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase; BCoAT, butyryl CoA:acetate CoA transferase. c ... phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase; RSMI, 16S rRNA (cytidine1402-2′-O)-methyltransferase; FUCO, lactaldehyde ... GTP, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; MCEE, methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase; PCC, propionyl-CoA carboxylase; PCT, propionate CoA ... succinyl-CoA synthetase; PCCB, propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain; ABC.CD.P, putative ABC transport system permease protein; ...
Acyl-CoA-binding Protein (human) ELISA Kit. Improved Engineered Standard 9E10 Animal-free anti-c-Myc Tag Antibody. anti-c-Myc, ... Parkin E3 Ligase TR-FRET Kit & Protein. Best Test for Specific Activity of 20S Proteasome. 20S Constitutive Proteasome Assay ... Lac-Phe . acetate [N-Lactoyl-L-phenylalanine]. Unique Progranulin Protein Strongly Binding to Sortilin. Progranulin (human) ( ... Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA] - BULK Available. Measure Inflammasome Activation In Vivo using Asc Speck Formation. anti ...
CoA-transferase activity. IEP. Enrichment. MF. GO:0008775. acetate CoA-transferase activity. IEP. Enrichment. ... ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding. IEP. Enrichment. BP. GO:0044550. secondary metabolite biosynthetic process. IEP. ... CoA hydrolase activity. IEP. Enrichment. MF. GO:0016628. oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or ... acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity. IEP. Enrichment. MF. GO:0004486. methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity. IEP ...
... β-ketoacyl-CoA, by the addition of an acetyl-CoA to three malonyl-CoA units, and (2) the shikimate or chorismate/o- ... Several anthraquinones are produced as acetate-derived structures that aloe emodin is one of the excellent examples among them ... and ubiquitin protein ligase levels at 200 μM concentrations [41]. It has been previously stated that aloe emodin, which ... "Apoptosis by aloe-emodin is mediated through down-regulation of calpain-2 and ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A in human hepatoma ...
Reaction mixtures (each 30 μl) each containing 40 mM HEPES-NaOH (pH 7.9), 60 mM potassium acetate, 1 mM ATP, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM ... 2008) Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 is required for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression and adipogenesis in ... TRIM23 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for PPARγ2. Since it has been shown that TRIM23 is a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase ... It has been reported that TRIM23 is a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase (Arimoto, K.I. et al., 2010. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107: ...
","bifunctional biotin operon repressor/biotin-[acetyl-CoA-carboxylase] synthetase [Ensembl]. Biotinyl protein ligase (BPL) and ... ","Acetate kinase [Ensembl]. Acetokinase family [Interproscan].","protein_coding" "CRN77811","No alias","Pseudomonas aeruginosa ... ","D-alanine-D-alanine ligase A [Ensembl]. D-ala D-ala ligase C-terminus, D-ala D-ala ligase N-terminus [Interproscan]."," ... ","lipoate-protein ligase A [Ensembl]. catalytic domain, Biotin/lipoate A/B protein ligase family [InterProScan].","protein_ ...
compound?CoA: Coenzyme A?COAD: Chronic obstructive airways disease?COD: Cause of death?COG: Closed angle glaucoma?COLD: Chronic ... Ligase chain reaction?LCT: Long chain triglyceride?LD: Lactate dehydrogenase?LD : Leathal Dose?LD: Low dose?LDH: Lactic ... Cellulose acetate butyrate?CABG: Coronary artery bypass graft?CACI: Computer-Assisted Continuous Infusion?CAD: Coronary artery ... HMG-CoA: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A?HMM: Hexamethylmelamine?HMMA: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid?HMSN: Hereditary ...
14C]Acetyl-CoA incorporated into fatty acids/min × mg protein. (D) [1-14C]acetate and [U-14C]glucose incorporation into fatty ... ligase 2.08 + 1.16E-07 G-protein 2.06 + 4.60E-04 cytoskeletal protein 1.85 + 5.99E-11 ... Assay of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase. The activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase was determined as the incorporation of radiolabelled ... and ACLY reduced expression may result in a glucose-to-acetate metabolic switch to provide acetyl-CoA for de novo lipogenesis. ...
E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate SNIPER Ligand for Target Protein for PROTAC Antibody-drug Conjugate/ADC Related Metabolic ...
Labeled arrays were incubated in either 4 mM MgCl2 (A) or 150 mM K Acetate/1 mM Mg Acetate plus 0.1 mg/ml BSA, 5 mM DTT, and 5 ... Liquid chromatin condensates were first formed from unmodified nucleosomal arrays, followed by addition of acetyl CoA. Over the ... E3 ubiquitin ligase and a polyhomeotic subunit (HPH) [98]. PRC1 is responsible for the ubiquitylation of histone H2A at lysine ... 33] incubated 12-mer nucleosomal arrays in buffers containing 1 mM Mg acetate/150 mM K acetate plus several additives, ...
Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity and may function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA ... Ubiquitin protein ligase binding. Specific Function:. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of ... Mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by up-regulating the ... Ubiquitin protein ligase binding. Specific Function:. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of ...
S1E) and in the GHR-KO mutant but not with CR in that stock (= Guanabenz acetate 0.005 and = 0.12; see Fig. S1F) were ... RQ notwithstanding Guanabenz acetate BW was tested as a mediator variable of the beneficial effects of dwarfism (± CR) on ... thus mutation Guanabenz acetate (± CR) or the gene disruption (± CR) to longevity [Ames Df and relationships need to Guanabenz ... Wang suggests that metabolic rate does not correlate with individual lifespan nor is it Guanabenz acetate altered by either of ...
The Certificate Of Analysis (COA) & Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Is A Signed Document That Includes The Storage ... Reagent II: TCA solution: 0.1 M trichloroacetic acid, 0.2 M sodium acetate, 0.3 M acetic acid. ... T4 RNA ligase Alkaline Phosphatase BsaI BspQI High Yield RNA Synthesis Kit(≥2000nt) mRNA(raw)-1000nt Phosphoric acid solution S ... T4 RNA ligase Alkaline Phosphatase BsaI BspQI High Yield RNA Synthesis Kit(≥2000nt) mRNA(raw)-1000nt ...
β-CGRP, human acetate β-CGRP, human acetate (Human β-CGRP acetate) is one of calcitonin peptides, acts via the complex of ... E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates. *Ligands for E3 Ligase. *Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC ... Cagrilintide acetate Agonist 99.81% Cagrilintide acetate is a non-selective AMYR/CTR agonist and long-acting acylated amylase ... Cagrilintide acetate causes a reduction in food intake and significant weight loss in a dose-dependent manner. Cagrilintide ...
Acetate Elisa Kits & Antibodies * Acetyl CoA Elisa Kits & Antibodies * Adenine Elisa Kits & Antibodies ...
Rostafuroxin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in resistance arteries from deoxycorticosterone acetate- ... Rostafuroxin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in resistance arteries from deoxycorticosterone acetate- ... E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugate * Ligand for E3 Ligase * Ligand for Target Protein for PROTAC ... HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) * Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase (IDO) * Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) ...
Our result showed E. ingens ethyl acetate inhibited DU-145 growth (IC50 of 9.71 ± 0.4 µg/ml) with a high selectivity index of ... F-box protein is a key protein of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, responsible for substrate recognition and degradation ... Among the 15 mitochondrial proteins found in these lists, the very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, encoded by the ...
... a multifunctional enzyme system.Catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid ... The esters 2aCd were then refluxed in toluene with ammonium acetate to form imidazoles 3aCd. Following Boc deprotection with 6 ... Statins HMG-CoA inhibitors (statins) manifest anti-inflammatory effects and podocyte-specific cytoprotective effects.41 In ... DNA Ligase *DNA Ligases *DNA Methyltransferases *DNA Topoisomerase *DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase ...
ATIC-IN-1 (compound 14) acetate is an inhibitor targeting to Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/inosine ... E3 Ligase Ligand-Linker Conjugates. *Ligands for E3 Ligase. *Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC ... ATIC-IN-1 acetate exhibits anti-tumor activity via reduction in cell numbers and cell division rates. ... Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase. *Acyltransferase. *Adiponectin Receptor. *Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH). *Aldose Reductase. *Aminoacyl- ...
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of CoA derivatives from ATP , acetate, and CoA to form AMP, pyrophosphate, and acetyl CoA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we show that a novel ubiquitin E3 ligase, tripartite motif protein 23 (TRIM23), stabilizes PPARγ protein and mediates atypical polyubiquitin conjugation. (elifesciences.org)
  • That one or multiple steps of metabolic rate may be robustly associated with or possibly even causative of the Guanabenz acetate progression of aging-resultant phenotypes such as lifespan is a long-standing well-known mechanistic hypothesis. (bioxorio.com)