Accessory Nerve Injuries: Traumatic injuries to the ACCESSORY NERVE. Damage to the nerve may produce weakness in head rotation and shoulder elevation.Accessory Nerve: The 11th cranial nerve which originates from NEURONS in the MEDULLA and in the CERVICAL SPINAL CORD. It has a cranial root, which joins the VAGUS NERVE (10th cranial) and sends motor fibers to the muscles of the LARYNX, and a spinal root, which sends motor fibers to the TRAPEZIUS and the sternocleidomastoid muscles.Accessory Nerve Diseases: Diseases of the eleventh cranial (spinal accessory) nerve. This nerve originates from motor neurons in the lower medulla (accessory portion of nerve) and upper spinal cord (spinal portion of nerve). The two components of the nerve join and exit the skull via the jugular foramen, innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which become weak or paralyzed if the nerve is injured. The nerve is commonly involved in MOTOR NEURON DISEASE, and may be injured by trauma to the posterior triangle of the neck.Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.Nerve Transfer: Surgical reinnervation of a denervated peripheral target using a healthy donor nerve and/or its proximal stump. The direct connection is usually made to a healthy postlesional distal portion of a non-functioning nerve or implanted directly into denervated muscle or insensitive skin. Nerve sprouts will grow from the transferred nerve into the denervated elements and establish contact between them and the neurons that formerly controlled another area.Paralysis: A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)Neck Dissection: Dissection in the neck to remove all disease tissues including cervical LYMPH NODES and to leave an adequate margin of normal tissue. This type of surgery is usually used in tumors or cervical metastases in the head and neck. The prototype of neck dissection is the radical neck dissection described by Crile in 1906.Shoulder: Part of the body in humans and primates where the arms connect to the trunk. The shoulder has five joints; ACROMIOCLAVICULAR joint, CORACOCLAVICULAR joint, GLENOHUMERAL joint, scapulathoracic joint, and STERNOCLAVICULAR joint.Sciatic Nerve: A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.Neck Muscles: The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).Glossopharyngeal Nerve: The 9th cranial nerve. The glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve; it conveys somatic and autonomic efferents as well as general, special, and visceral afferents. Among the connections are motor fibers to the stylopharyngeus muscle, parasympathetic fibers to the parotid glands, general and taste afferents from the posterior third of the tongue, the nasopharynx, and the palate, and afferents from baroreceptors and CHEMORECEPTOR CELLS of the carotid sinus.Cranial Nerve Injuries: Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. Penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; NECK INJURIES; and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries.Scapula: Also called the shoulder blade, it is a flat triangular bone, a pair of which form the back part of the shoulder girdle.Iatrogenic Disease: Any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician, surgeon, or other health professional, especially infections acquired by a patient during the course of treatment.Shoulder Joint: The articulation between the head of the HUMERUS and the glenoid cavity of the SCAPULA.Shoulder Pain: Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.Diagnosis-Related Groups: A system for classifying patient care by relating common characteristics such as diagnosis, treatment, and age to an expected consumption of hospital resources and length of stay. Its purpose is to provide a framework for specifying case mix and to reduce hospital costs and reimbursements and it forms the cornerstone of the prospective payment system.International Classification of Diseases: A system of categories to which morbid entries are assigned according to established criteria. Included is the entire range of conditions in a manageable number of categories, grouped to facilitate mortality reporting. It is produced by the World Health Organization (From ICD-10, p1). The Clinical Modifications, produced by the UNITED STATES DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, are larger extensions used for morbidity and general epidemiological purposes, primarily in the U.S.Dry Eye Syndromes: Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.Clinical Coding: Process of substituting a symbol or code for a term such as a diagnosis or procedure. (from Slee's Health Care Terms, 3d ed.)Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Anesthesia, General: Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.Anesthesia: A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.Anesthesia, Local: A blocking of nerve conduction to a specific area by an injection of an anesthetic agent.Anesthesia, Epidural: Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.Anesthesia, Spinal: Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.Intensive Care Units: Hospital units providing continuous surveillance and care to acutely ill patients.Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine: A medical specialty concerned with the use of physical agents, mechanical apparatus, and manipulation in rehabilitating physically diseased or injured patients.Writing: The act or practice of literary composition, the occupation of writer, or producing or engaging in literary work as a profession.Rehabilitation: Restoration of human functions to the maximum degree possible in a person or persons suffering from disease or injury.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.Bibliometrics: The use of statistical methods in the analysis of a body of literature to reveal the historical development of subject fields and patterns of authorship, publication, and use. Formerly called statistical bibliography. (from The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Journal Impact Factor: A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.Spinal Canal: The cavity within the SPINAL COLUMN through which the SPINAL CORD passes.Spinal Cord: A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: Compression of the rotator cuff tendons and subacromial bursa between the humeral head and structures that make up the coracoacromial arch and the humeral tuberosities. This condition is associated with subacromial bursitis and rotator cuff (largely supraspinatus) and bicipital tendon inflammation, with or without degenerative changes in the tendon. Pain that is most severe when the arm is abducted in an arc between 40 and 120 degrees, sometimes associated with tears in the rotator cuff, is the chief symptom. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes and Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)Femoracetabular Impingement: A pathological mechanical process that can lead to hip failure. It is caused by abnormalities of the ACETABULUM and/or FEMUR combined with rigorous hip motion, leading to repetitive collisions that damage the soft tissue structures.Spinal Cord Injuries: Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal.Spinal Cord Compression: Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.Occipital Bone: Part of the back and base of the CRANIUM that encloses the FORAMEN MAGNUM.Acromion: The lateral extension of the spine of the SCAPULA and the highest point of the SHOULDER.Ligamentum Flavum: The paired bands of yellow elastic tissue that connect adjoining laminae of the vertebrae. With the laminae, it forms the posterior wall of the spinal canal and helps hold the body erect.Clavicle: A bone on the ventral side of the shoulder girdle, which in humans is commonly called the collar bone.Thoracic Vertebrae: A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region.Lawyers: Persons whose profession is to give legal advice and assistance to clients and represent them in legal matters. (American Heritage Dictionary, 3d ed)Nobel PrizeFamous PersonsEmergencies: Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.Serial Extraction: The selective extraction of deciduous teeth during the stage of mixed dentition in accordance with the shedding and eruption of the teeth. It is done over an extended period to allow autonomous adjustment to relieve crowding of the dental arches during the eruption of the lateral incisors, canines, and premolars, eventually involving the extraction of the first premolar teeth. (Dorland, 28th ed)Emergency Service, Hospital: Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.Micrognathism: Abnormally small jaw.
Physical therapy for spinal accessory nerve injury complicated by adhesive capsulitis. (1/18)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The authors found no literature describing adhesive capsulitis as a consequence of spinal accessory nerve injury and no exercise program or protocol for patients with spinal accessory nerve injury. The purpose of this case report is to describe the management of a patient with adhesive capsulitis and spinal accessory nerve injury following a carotid endarterectomy. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient was a 67-year-old woman referred for physical therapy following manipulation of the left shoulder and a diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis by her orthopedist. Spinal accessory nerve injury was identified during the initial physical therapy examination, and a program of neuromuscular electrical stimulation was initiated. OUTCOMES: The patient had almost full restoration of the involved muscle function after 5 months of physical therapy. DISCUSSION: This case report illustrates the importance of accurate diagnosis and suggests physical therapy intervention to manage adhesive capsulitis as a consequence of spinal accessory nerve injury. (+info)Levator scapulae and rhomboid transfer for paralysis of trapezius. The Eden-Lange procedure. (2/18)
Spinal accessory nerve palsy leads to painful disability of the shoulder, carrying an uncertain prognosis. We reviewed the long-term outcome in 16 patients who were treated for pain, weakness of active elevation and asymmetry of the shoulder and the neck due to chronic paralysis of the trapezius muscle, as a result of nerve palsy. Of four patients who were treated conservatively, none regained satisfactory function, although two became pain-free. The other 12 patients were treated operatively with transfer of the levator scapulae to the acromion and the rhomboid muscles to the infraspinatus fossa (the Eden-Lange procedure). At a mean follow-up of 32 years, the clinical outcome of the operatively treated patients was excellent in nine, fair in two, and poor in one patient, as determined by the Constant score. Pain was adequately relieved in 11 and overhead function was restored in nine patients. Pre-operative electromyography had been carried out in four patients. In two, who eventually had a poor outcome, a concomitant long thoracic and dorsal scapular nerve lesion had been present. The Eden-Lange procedure gives very satisfactory long-term results for the treatment of isolated paralysis of trapezius. In the presence of an additional serratus anterior palsy or weak rhomboid muscles, the procedure is less successful in restoring shoulder function. (+info)Accessory nerve injury. (3/18)
This article discusses a Supreme Court judgment involving an injury to the spinal accessory nerve which occurred during the excision of a lymph node mass in the posterior triangle of the neck.1 In this case, the medical practitioner was found to have been negligent for failing to diagnose the nerve injury in the postoperative period, and not for the actual injury to the nerve during the procedure. (+info)An unusual presentation of whiplash injury: long thoracic and spinal accessory nerve injury. (4/18)
Whiplash injuries from motor vehicle accidents are very common. The usual presentation and course of this condition normally results in resolution of symptoms within a few weeks. Brachial plexus traction injuries without any bone or joint lesion of the cervical spine have been reported before. We report a case where a gentleman was involved in a rear end vehicle collision, sustained a whiplash injury and was later found to have a long thoracic nerve palsy and spinal accessory nerve palsy. Although isolated injuries of both nerves following a whiplash injury have been reported, combined injury of the two nerves following a whiplash injury is very uncommon and is being reported for the first time. (+info)Surgical treatment of winged scapula. (5/18)
(+info)Spinal accessory nerve palsy following gunshot injury: a case report. (6/18)
Injuries to the spinal accessory nerve are rare and mostly iatrogenic. Pain, impaired ability to raise the ipsilateral shoulder, and scapular winging on abduction of the arm are the most frequently noted clinical manifestations. As a seldom case, a 20 year-old male with spinal accessory nerve palsy after penetrating trauma by gunshot was reported. Three months after the injury, he was complaining about left arm pain in abduction to shoulder level and a decreased range of movement. On physical examination, wasting of the left trapezium with loss of nuchal ridge and drooping of the shoulder were found. On neurological examination of the left trapezius and sternomastoid muscles, motor function were 3/5 and wide dysesthesia on the neck, shoulder and arm was present. The bullet entered just above the clavicle and exited from trapezium. Radiological studies were normal, where electromyography (EMG) showed neuropathic changes. Surgical exploration showed the intact nerve lying on its natural course and we performed external neurolysis for decompression. The postoperative period was uneventful. Dysesthesia has diminished slowly. He was transferred to physical rehabilitation unit. In his clinical control after 3 months he had no dysesthesia and neurological examination of the left trapezius and sternomastoid muscles motor function were 4/5. EMG showed recovery in the left spinal accessory nerve. (+info)Vernet's syndrome caused by large mycotic aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery after acute otitis media--case report. (7/18)
An 85-year-old man presented with a rare large aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) due to acute otitis media manifesting as Vernet's syndrome 2 weeks after the diagnosis of right acute otitis media. Angiography of the right extracranial ICA demonstrated an irregularly shaped large aneurysm with partial thrombosis. The aneurysm was treated by proximal ICA occlusion using endovascular coils. The ICA mycotic aneurysm was triggered by acute otitis media, and induced Vernet's syndrome as a result of direct compression to the jugular foramen. Extracranial ICA aneurysms due to focal infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lower cranial nerve palsy, although the incidence is thought to be very low. (+info)Accessory nerve palsy. (8/18)
After apparently uncomplicated excision of benign lesions in the posterior cervical triangle, two patients had shoulder pain. In one, neck pain and trapezius weakness were not prominent until one month after surgery. Inability to elevate the arm above the horizontal without externally rotating it, and prominent scapular displacement on arm abduction, but not on forward pushing movements, highlighted the trapezius dysfunction and differentiated it from serratus anterior weakness. Spinal accessory nerve lesions should be considered when minor surgical procedures, lymphadenitis, minor trauma, or tumours involved the posterior triangle of the neck. (+info)Wiater JM, Bigliani LU (1999). "Spinal accessory nerve injury". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 368 (1): 5-16. doi: ... Nerve. accessory nerve (motor). cervical spinal nerves C3 and C4 (motor and sensation)[3]. ... Nerve supplyEdit. Motor function is supplied by the accessory nerve. Sensation, including pain and the sense of joint position ... proprioception), travel via the ventral rami of the third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical nerves. Since it is a muscle of the ...
... a winged scapula is also caused by trapezius and rhomboid palsy involving the accessory nerve and the dorsal scapular nerve, ... There are numerous ways in which the long thoracic nerve can sustain trauma-induced injury. These include, but are not limited ... Severe atrophy of the trapezius is seen with accidental damage to the spinal accessory nerve during lymph node biopsy of the ... Clinical treatments may also cause injury to the long thoracic nerve (iatrogenesis from forceful manipulation, mastectomies ...
Injury to the spinal accessory nerve can cause an accessory nerve disorder or spinal accessory nerve palsy, which results in ... London J, London NJ, Kay SP (1996). "Iatrogenic accessory nerve injury". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 78 ... Medical procedures are the most common cause of injury to the spinal accessory nerve. In particular, radical neck dissection ... For example, during a functional neck dissection that injures the spinal accessory nerve, injury prompts the surgeon to ...
Injury to the spinal accessory nerve is most commonly caused by medical procedures that involve the head and neck. Injury can ... and accessory nerves. The accessory nerve (top left) travels down through the jugular foramen with the other two nerves, and ... "Is the cranial accessory nerve really a portion of the accessory nerve? Anatomy of the cranial nerves in the jugular foramen". ... One-sided weakness of the trapezius may indicate injury to the nerve on the same side of an injury to the spinal accessory ...
The spinal accessory nerve can often be found 1 cm above Erb's point. Erb's point is formed by the union of the C5 and C6 nerve ... Injury to Erb's point is commonly sustained at birth or from a fall onto the shoulder. The nerve roots normally involved are C5 ... At the nerve trunk, branches of suprascapular nerves and the nerve to the subclavius also merge. The merged nerve divides into ... From here, the accessory nerve courses through the posterior triangle of the neck to enter the anterior border of the trapezius ...
Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) Branches of cervical plexus Roots and trunks of brachial plexus Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5 ... The external jugular vein's superficial location within the posterior triangle also makes it vulnerable to injury. It is also ... belly of omohyoid muscle Anterior Scalene Middle Scalene Posterior Scalene Levator Scapulae Muscle Splenius The accessory nerve ...
... facial nerve (VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI), and ... and injury to nerves during neurosurgery (such as tumor removal) are other possible causes of cranial nerve damage.[25] ... Cranial nerve mnemonics. References[edit]. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Vilensky, Joel; Robertson, ... They are: the olfactory nerve (I), the optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), trigeminal nerve (V), ...
The glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal nerves; the sympathetic trunk leaving from the cranial cervical ganglion ... This anatomical adaptation acts to protect friable brain tissue from injury due to overheating. Odd-toed perrisodactyls such as ... also if glossopharyngeal nerve is involved); and Horner's syndrome from the involvement of sympathetic nerves. Involvement of ... The facial nerve is in contact with the dorsal part of the pouch. The external carotid artery passes ventral to the medial ...
The anterior interosseous nerve (a branch of the median nerve) and the anterior interosseous artery and vein pass downward on ... An occasionally present accessory long head of the flexor pollicis longus muscle is called 'Gantzer's muscle'. It may cause ... Injuries to tendons are particularly difficult to recover from due to the limited blood supply they receive. The flexor ... The flexor pollicis longus is supplied by the anterior interosseous(C8-T1) branch of the median nerve (C5-T1). Slips may ...
Peripheral nerves. *Nerve injury *Peripheral nerve injury. *classification. *Wallerian degeneration. *Injury of accessory nerve ... While this bleeding can result in further injury, it is itself a marker for injury that has already occurred. Most ... Grades III and IV are the most serious and may result in long-term brain injury to the infant. After a grade III or IV IVH, ... "Traumatic Brain Injury: Definition, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology" Emedicine.com. Retrieved on June 19, 2007. ...
It then travels close to the vagus nerve and spinal division of the accessory nerve, spirals downwards behind the vagus nerve ... "A case with unilateral hypoglossal nerve injury in branchial cyst surgery". Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve ... The hypoglossal nerve may be connected (anastamosed) to the facial nerve to attempt to restore function when the facial nerve ... Because of the close proximity of the nerve to other structures including nerves, arteries, and veins, it is rare for the nerve ...
Peripheral nerves. *Nerve injury *Peripheral nerve injury. *classification. *Wallerian degeneration. *Injury of accessory nerve ... demographic and clinical study of 750 patients from the European brain injury consortium survey of head injuries". Neurosurgery ... SAH may occur as a result of a head injury or spontaneously, usually from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm.[1] Risk factors for ... Oculomotor nerve abnormalities (affected eye looking downward and outward and inability to lift the eyelid on the same side) or ...
The suprascapular, axillary, and radial nerves. Teres minor muscle Accessory muscles of the scapula This article incorporates ... There are two types of rotator cuff injuries: acute tears and chronic tears. Acute tears occur as a result of a sudden movement ... A pseudoganglion has no nerve cells but nerve fibres are present. Damage to the fibers innervating the teres minor is ... The nerve should be detected adjacent to the vessel. In an elevated arm position the axillary neurovascular bundle can be seen ...
Facial nerve (VII) (More on facial nerve palsy below) Accessory nerve disorder - Accessory nerve (XI) Pavlou, E., Gkampeta, A ... Recovery rate also depends on the cause of the facial nerve palsy (e.g. infections, perinatal injury, congenital dysplastic). ... Eyes Oculomotor nerve palsy - Oculomotor nerve (III) Fourth nerve palsy - Trochlear nerve (IV) Sixth nerve palsy - Abducens ... The facial nerve is the seventh of 12 cranial nerves. This cranial nerve controls the muscles in the face. Facial nerve palsy ...
Peripheral nerves. *Nerve injury *Peripheral nerve injury. *classification. *Wallerian degeneration. *Injury of accessory nerve ... Chapter 5, "Pathology of Brain Damage After Head Injury" Cooper P and Golfinos G. 2000. Head Injury, 4th Ed. Morgan Hill, New ... The risk of death from an intraparenchymal bleed in traumatic brain injury is especially high when the injury occurs in the ... because they cause damage to cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve, which plays an important role in blood circulation and breathing ...
Tethering may also develop after spinal cord injury and scar tissue can block the flow of fluids around the spinal cord. Fluid ... Each hemicord contains a central canal, one dorsal horn (giving rise to a dorsal nerve root), and one ventral horn (giving rise ... Diastematomyelia is a "dysraphic state" of unknown embryonic origin, but is probably initiated by an accessory neurenteric ... is a true duplication of spinal cord in which these are two dural sacs with two pairs of anterior and posterior nerve roots. ...
The accessory phrenic nerve connects to the phrenic nerve in the thorax or the root of the neck. In canines the phrenic nerve ... Brachial plexus injuries can cause paralysis to various regions in the arm, forearm, and hand depending on the severed nerves. ... The contribution of the 5th cervical nerve may stem from an accessory phrenic nerve. Phrenic nerve in its early course close to ... If the accessory phrenic nerve is present, it lies lateral to the main nerve and descends posterior and occasionally inferior ...
These injuries often lead to a reduced ability to taste and smell. Lesions of the olfactory nerve do not lead to a reduced ... The olfactory nerve is typically considered the first cranial nerve, or simply CN I, that contains sensory nerve fibers ... The olfactory nerve is the shortest of the twelve cranial nerves and, similar to the optic nerve, does not emanate from the ... Vilensky, Joel; Robertson, Wendy; Suarez-Quian, Carlos (2015). The Clinical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves: The Nerves of "On ...
Injury of abducent nerve (S04.5) Injury of facial nerve (S04.6) Injury of acoustic nerve (S04.7) Injury of accessory nerve ( ... Injury of cranial nerves (S04.0) Injury of optic nerve and pathways (S04.1) Injury of oculomotor nerve (S04.2) Injury of ... Injury of ulnar nerve at upper arm level (S44.1) Injury of median nerve at upper arm level (S44.2) Injury of radial nerve at ... Injury of nerves at wrist and hand level (S64.0) Injury of ulnar nerve at wrist and hand level (S64.1) Injury of median nerve ...
... and less energetic injuries. The injury is characterized by sudden and acute pain in the chest wall and shoulder area, bruising ... and exit the medial cord as the medial pectoral nerve. The medial pectoral nerve then communicates the action potential across ... Sternalis - an accessory muscle found in some individuals that may have embryonic origin from the pectoralis major. Tra ... The pectoralis major receives dual motor innervation by the medial pectoral nerve and the lateral pectoral nerve, also known as ...
Nerve. Trigeminal nerve, Great auricular nerve, Lesser occipital nerve. Lymph. To pre- and post-auricular nodes, nodes of ... En route accessory auricles (also known as preauricular tags) may be left behind. The first three hillocks are derived from the ... traumatic injury[4]. *infection[5]. *wart, mole, birthmark[5]. *scars, including keloids[5] ... Cutaneous sensation to these areas is via the trigeminal nerve, the attendant nerve of the 1st branchial arch. The final three ...
Nerves connect the spinal cord and brain to the rest of the body. All major bones, muscles, and nerves in the body are named, ... arise as the result of injury or trauma, or have a number of different mechanisms or provoking factors. As life expectancy ... with the exception of anatomical variations such as sesamoid bones and accessory muscles. Blood vessels carry blood throughout ... The nervous system receives information from the body, and transmits this to the brain via nerve impulses and neurotransmitters ...
VGSCs have been shown to increase in density after nerve injury. Therefore, VGSCs can be modulated by many different ... causes the upregulation of Nav1.8 in sensory neurons via the accessory protein p11 (annexin II light chain). It has been shown ... "Na+ Channel lmmunolocalization in Peripheral Mammalian Axons and Changes following Nerve Injury and Neuroma Formation". The ... Therefore, nociceptors are easily sensitised by agents such as bradykinin and nerve growth factor, which are released at the ...
Accessory nerve disorder. Radiculopathy and plexopathy. *Brachial plexus injury. *Thoracic outlet syndrome ... On medical imaging, the nerves of the extremities (and cranial nerves in some cases) appear enlarged due to hypertrophy of the ... Peripheral (and possibly cranial) nerve excitability and conduction speed are reduced. Treatment[edit]. Management is ... is a hereditary neurological disorder characterised by damage to the peripheral nerves and resulting progressive muscle wasting ...
... or any injury that damages the radial nerve. Harm inflicted upon the radial nerve through these mechanisms can paralyze the ... will affect this particular accessory muscle. Heterotopic ossification can result from certain trauma as it is an abnormal ... from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus called the nerve to the anconeus. The somatomotor portion of radial nerve ... Trauma to the nerve supply of the anconeus muscle can usually result from a shoulder dislocation or fractures of the upper part ...
NervesEdit. The reptilian nervous system contains the same basic part of the amphibian brain, but the reptile cerebrum and ... Traumatic injuries on the other hand, form scars that will not allow new scales to form and disrupt the process of ecdysis.[94] ... Turtles have two or more accessory urinary bladders, located lateral to the neck of the urinary bladder and dorsal to the pubis ... There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves.[108] Due to their short cochlea, reptiles use electrical tuning to expand their range ...
Lateral pectoral nerve transfer for spinal accessory nerve injury. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017 Jan. 26 (1):112-5. [Medline]. ... Ultrasonography of the accessory nerve: normal and pathologic findings in cadavers and patients with iatrogenic accessory nerve ... injury?) and How is shoulder function evaluated in spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury? What to Read Next on Medscape. Related ... Impairment of upper trapezius branch of the spinal accessory nerve during bypass grafting: a stretch injury?. Muscle Nerve. ...
The decision to undergo surgical intervention in the absence of an obvious nerve injury or resection should be made only after ... Accessory Nerve Injury Q&A What are indications for surgical management of a spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury?. Updated: Mar ... Lateral pectoral nerve transfer for spinal accessory nerve injury. J Neurosurg Spine. 2017 Jan. 26 (1):112-5. [Medline]. ... Ultrasonography of the accessory nerve: normal and pathologic findings in cadavers and patients with iatrogenic accessory nerve ...
Accessory Nerve: injuries, Accessory Nerve: anatomy & histology, Suture Techniques, Electromyography, Humans, Iatrogenic ... Accessory Nerve: injuries,Accessory Nerve: anatomy & histology,Suture Techniques,Electromyography,Humans,Iatrogenic Disease, ... Iatrogenic injury to the accessory nerve.. Bostrom, Daniella and Dahlin, Lars LU (2007) In Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and ... The incidence of such nerve injuries during lymph node biopsies is 3%-10%, but the diagnosis is often delayed. Symptoms are ...
In this article, two clinical cases are presented where accessory nerve injuries are repaired with either a motor nerve ... These cases provide a stimulus to consider the use of motor nerve grafts or transfers in the repair of motor nerve deficits. ... such as the medial antebrachial cutaneous or the sural nerve. The practice of using sensory grafts to repair motor nerve ... The standard repair of a nerve gap under tension is to use a sensory autograft, ...
... having surgery to correct spinal accessory nerve injury. Neurolysis was the procedure in 24 cases, direct nerve repair for 9 ... A lesion in the spinal accessory nerve is typically iatrogenic: related to lymph node biopsy or excision. This injury may cause ... Patient outcome after surgical management of the spinal accessory nerve injury: A long-term follow-up study. Göransson, Harry; ... patients, and nerve grafting for 4. Time elapsed between the injury and the surgical operation ranged from 2 to 120 months. The ...
When one of these nerves suffers injury or trauma, surgical treatment may be needed. ... The peripheral nervous system is a network of 43 pairs of motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to ... Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury. One particular type of peripheral nerve damage is spinal accessory nerve injury. The spinal ... What causes peripheral nerve injury?. Injury to the peripheral nerve network can happen through:. * Laceration (a cut or tear ...
Peripheral nerve injury can be caused by accidents or trauma, and may be mild or severe. In some cases, surgery is necessary to ... Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury. One particular type of peripheral nerve damage is spinal accessory nerve injury. The spinal ... What causes peripheral nerve injury?. Injury to the peripheral nerve network can happen through:. * Laceration (a cut or tear ... Doctors are likely to recommend physical therapy for mild spinal accessory nerve injury. Surgery may be needed for more severe ...
Injury of accessory nerve. 2016 2017 2018 2019 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code Applicable To*Injury of 11th cranial nerve ... Injury to accessory nerve. ICD-10-CM S04.70XA is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v36.0): *073 Cranial and ... Injury of accessory nerve, unspecified side, initial encounter. 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code *S04.70XA is a ... Short description: Injury of accessory nerve, unspecified side, init encntr. *The 2019 edition of ICD-10-CM S04.70XA became ...
Keywords: Spinal accessory nerve; Manipulation INTRODUCTION. Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury mostly occurs during surgical ... radial nerve on spiral groove, brachial plexus, and SAN [9]. Phrenic nerve injury and long thoracic nerve injury following ... Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury mostly occurs during surgical procedures. SAN injury caused by manipulation therapy has ... Accessory nerve palsies. Pract Neurol 2010;10:191-4. 4. Porter P, Fernandez GN. Stretch-induced spinal accessory nerve palsy: a ...
Short Description: Injury of accessory nerve, right side, sequela Long Description: Injury of accessory nerve, right side, ... Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00-T98) * Injuries to the head (S00-S09) *Injury of ... There are more than 100 kinds of peripheral nerve disorders. They can affect one nerve or many nerves. Some are the result of ... Your peripheral nerves are the ones outside your brain and spinal cord. Like static on a telephone line, peripheral nerve ...
Injury to the spinal accessory nerve can cause an accessory nerve disorder or spinal accessory nerve palsy, which results in ... London J, London NJ, Kay SP (1996). "Iatrogenic accessory nerve injury". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 78 ... Medical procedures are the most common cause of injury to the spinal accessory nerve. In particular, radical neck dissection ... For example, during a functional neck dissection that injures the spinal accessory nerve, injury prompts the surgeon to ...
Accessory Nerve Injury. *Fatigue. *Behavioral: Therapeutic Exercise. *Behavioral: Therapeutic + Lower Body Exercise ... Change of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) over time. 60. All. 50 Years to 85 Years (Adult, Senior). ... Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) assessed by direct microneurography. *Peak Oxygen Uptake (Peak VO2) assessed by gas ...
... muscle transfer procedure is shown to correct the position and alignment of the right shoulder after the afore mentioned nerve ... This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of the right shoulder along with an iatrogenic injury to the spinal accessory nerve ... This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of the right shoulder along with an iatrogenic injury to the spinal accessory nerve ... Lymph Node Biopsy with Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury and Subsequent Right Shoulder Muscle Palsy and Transfer Procedure - ...
Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury Induced by Manipulation Therapy: A Case Report Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury Induced by ... Accessory Nerve Injuries , Accessory Nerve , Adult , Ambulatory Care Facilities , Electromyography , Female , Follow-Up Studies ... Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury mostly occurs during surgical procedures. SAN injury caused by manipulation therapy has ... Accessory Nerve Injuries Clinical aspect: Diagnosis / Prognosis Language: English Journal: Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine ...
Accessory Nerve Injury. *Acoustic Neurofibromatosis. *Acoustic Neuroma. *Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating ... Sexually Transmitted Diseases Urinary Tract Infection Foot Pain Ankle Injury Hip Pain Knee Pain View More ...
Accessory Nerve Injury. *Acoustic Neurofibromatosis. *Acoustic Neuroma. *Acromegaly. *Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating ... Sexually Transmitted Diseases Urinary Tract Infection Foot Pain Ankle Injury Hip Pain Knee Pain View More ...
Iatrogenic injuries to the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) are not uncommon during lymph node biopsy of the posterior cervical ... Surgical outcomes of 156 spinal accessory nerve injuries caused by lymph node biopsy procedures ... This study analyzes 84 cases of peroneal nerve injuries associated with sports-related knee injuries and their surgical outcome ... SAN injuries present challenges for surgical exploration and repair because of the nerves size and location in the PCT. ...
Radial Nerve Injury (Humerus Fracture). *Sciatic Nerve Injury (Total Hip Arthroplasty). *Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury (Neck ... An update on the management of adult traumatic nerve injuries - replacing old paradigms: A review. ... Peripheral Nerve Center. *Peripheral Nerve Team*Make a Gift*News*Patient Education*Research ... Peripheral Nerve Surgery Program. Stanford Health Cares Peripheral Nerve Surgery Program offers comprehensive diagnostic ...
Ultrasound Imaging of the Accessory Nerve Injury in a Patient with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Polyneuropathy. ... Peroneus Longus Strain Injury Associated with Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy in a Soccer Player. Jellad, Anis; Nouira, Asma; Zrig ... Injury of the Oculomotor Nerve After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Diffusion Tensor Tractography Study. Seo, You Sung; ... Ultrasound Imaging in the Management of a Rare Superficial Fibular Nerve Injury. Ata, Ayse Merve; Kara, Murat; Özçakar, Levent ...
... w indications for laparotomy include penetrating injuries, Accessory nerve block. Performed for spasm of trapezius obvious ... altered pain response (head injury, spinal cord injury, l Dosage: 50 mg orally once daily, increasing up to 200 mg drugs, etc ... medulla w parasympathetic postganglionic nerve endings. (b) w sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings at sweat glands and some ... the nerve). 5-10 ml local anaesthetic agent is injected 2 cm See also, Pelvic trauma below the mastoid process into the ...
Accessory nerve injury. Surgical Management of Trapezius Palsy. Identification of the Spinal Accessory Nerve Within the ... Clinical signs of accessory nerve palsy. Injuries to the spinal accessory nerve ... nerve supply: spinal accessory nerve and ventral ramus, C2, C3, C4; - synergists: spinal accessory nerve and ventral ramus, C2 ... nerve supply: spinal accessory nerve and ventral ramus, C2, C3, C4; - synergists: trapezius upper and lower divisions; - ...
Most common iatrogenic nerve injury in the neck. Spinal accessory nerve. Result to paralysis of the corresponding half of the ... Suprascapular nerve. Injury to the suprascapular nerve will result to loss of Lateral rotation and initial abduction of upper ... Suprascapular nerve. Injury to suprascapular nerve results in paralysis of what muscles. Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres ... This nerve may be injured due to thyroidectomy. Inferior laryngeal nerve. When superior laryngeal nerve is injured what muscle ...
Wiater JM, Bigliani LU (1999). "Spinal accessory nerve injury". Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research. 368 (1): 5-16. doi: ... Nerve. accessory nerve (motor). cervical spinal nerves C3 and C4 (motor and sensation)[3]. ... Nerve supplyEdit. Motor function is supplied by the accessory nerve. Sensation, including pain and the sense of joint position ... proprioception), travel via the ventral rami of the third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical nerves. Since it is a muscle of the ...
accessory nerve injury. *acoustic neurofibromatosis. *acoustic neuroma. *acromegaly. *acute inflammatory demyelinating ...
Jaren on vagus nerve multiple sclerosis: 46 F Dx of demyelinating Neuropathy. Can it cause bladder dysfunction/autonomic % ... Are spinal accessory nerve injuries sometimes confused for impingement syndrome ? Dr. Walter Husar Dr. Husar ... A nerve: The genitofemoral nerve is a single nerve, about the diameter of a piece of spaghetti. It splits into a genital branch ... Vagus nerve / spine: Spinal stenosis should not affect the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve is safely outside of the spinal canal. ...
Cranial NervePalsyVagusTrapeziusPairs of cranial nervesPhrenicMedian nerveTrigeminal nerveAnatomyLower cranial nervesTraumaticBrachial plexus iShoulderCervical nervesSpine11thAxillary nerveElectromyographySciaticConduction studiesSensory nervesSuprascapularRadialIatrogenic injuryLong thoracicClinicalTendonUlnarLesionsParalysisReconstructionNeck dissectionFacial nerveTraumaTumorsSurgeryOriginateSurgical2017Medulla oblongataLateralPosterior cervical triangleBrain and spinal cordGlossopharyngeal nerveMusclesWinged scapulaJugular foramenDamageDistalOlfactory nervesLymph node bSternocleidomastoidUpperRegenerationMusculocutaneous nerve
- Sonne J, Lopez-Ojeda W. Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve. (medscape.com)
- The accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- It is considered the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves, or simply cranial nerve XI, as part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
- The spinal accessory nerve is notable for being the only cranial nerve to both enter and exit the skull. (wikipedia.org)
- Twenty-six patients (72.2%) presented with cranial nerve impairment, 13 (36.1%) with motor deficits, and 17 (47.2%) with sensory disturbance. (thejns.org)
- Postoperative complications included new cranial nerve deficits in 17 patients, motor deficits in three, and new sensory disturbances in 12 patients. (thejns.org)
- The incidence of new postoperative cranial nerve deficits was clearly lower than that demonstrated preoperatively because of the brainstem hemorrhages. (thejns.org)
- Symptoms of nerve injury include paresthesias, loss of sensation and position sense, impaired motor function, cranial nerve malfunction, changes in reflexes, and impairments in glandular secretion. (thefreedictionary.com)
- cranial nerve for illus. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Although, the accessory nerve is the 11th cranial nerve, we will discuss here the spinal component due to its importance in nerve injuries and repair. (springer.com)
- Accessory nerve is the 11th cranial nerve and has motor functions only. (earthslab.com)
- Both wasting and weakness were not observed in the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle, and a neurological examination did not reveal other cranial nerve deficits. (biomedcentral.com)
- The olfactory cells are connected to the brain by the first cranial nerve (olfactory nerve). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Cranial nerve xispinal accessory. (bvbdallas.org)
- Two central nervous system origins are customarily ascribed to each cranial nerve: 1. (biology-online.org)
- Many descriptions of cranial nerve rootlet interconnections are found only in comparative anatomic studies ( 37 , 38 ). (biology-online.org)
- Variable connections intracranially between cranial nerve rootlets involving the spinal accessory nerve plexus and extracranially between the nerves themselves may give very different composition to nerves in the same location in different patients. (biology-online.org)
- Of course, any type of disease, injury or accident to a cranial nerve may affect the functioning of what that specific nerve controls. (choosenatural.com)
- Just as chiropractors can test the functioning of nerves that exit along your spine, there are tests which can reveal whether each cranial nerve is functioning properly. (choosenatural.com)
- Spinal accessory nerve is XI cranial nerve that consists of two components - spinal and cranial. (boneandspine.com)
- Each cranial nerve is paired and is present on both sides. (wikipedia.org)
- Depending on definition in humans there are twelve or thirteen cranial nerves pairs, which are assigned Roman numerals I-XII, sometimes also including cranial nerve zero . (wikipedia.org)
- The brainstem, with deeper cranial nerve nuclei and tracts inside the brain-stem shaded red. (wikipedia.org)
- These nuclei are important relative to cranial nerve dysfunction because damage to these nuclei such as from a stroke or trauma can mimic damage to one or more branches of a cranial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Ultrasonography of the accessory nerve: normal and pathologic findings in cadavers and patients with iatrogenic accessory nerve palsy. (medscape.com)
- Spinal accessory nerve palsy as a cause of pain after whiplash injury: case report. (medscape.com)
- Injury to the spinal accessory nerve can cause an accessory nerve disorder or spinal accessory nerve palsy, which results in diminished or absent function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and upper portion of the trapezius muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients with spinal accessory nerve palsy often exhibit signs of lower motor neuron disease such as diminished muscle mass, fasciculations, and partial paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- Subsequent to that, a muscle transfer procedure is shown to correct the position and alignment of the right shoulder after the afore mentioned nerve palsy. (doereport.com)
- To the best of our knowledge, the natural course and the most effective way of handling spontaneous spinal accessory nerve palsy has been described in only a few instances in the literature. (biomedcentral.com)
- The clinical history is important in evaluating patients with suspected axillary nerve palsy. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Maldonado AA, Zuckerman SL, Howe BM et al "Isolated long thoracic nerve palsy": More than meets the eye. (bgu-frankfurt.de)
- Non-Traumatic "Isolated" Posterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy: Reinterpretation of Electrodiagnostic Studies and MRIs. (bgu-frankfurt.de)
- As such, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy should not only result in paralysis of the true vocal cord or thyroarytenoid muscle but also in a similar change in the PCA muscle. (ajnr.org)
- The ability of CT and MR imaging to depict denervation atrophy in the PCA muscle in patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was evaluated. (ajnr.org)
- Atrophy of the PCA muscle may be commonly documented on CT and MR studies in patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and vocal cord paralysis, and therefore should be part of the constellation of imaging features of vocal cord paralysis. (ajnr.org)
- Oberlin partial ulnar nerve transfer for restoration in obstetric brachial plexus palsy of a newborn: case report. (ebscohost.com)
- An 8 month old male infant with Erb's birth palsy was treated with two peripheral nerve transfers. (ebscohost.com)
- Handlebar palsy â€" a compression syndrome of the deep terminal (motor) branch of the ulnar nerve in biking. (ebscohost.com)
- 11.15 Obstetrical palsy C5C6C7: grafts vs nerve transfers. (microcirugia.org)
- 11.55 Tendon transfer for radial nerve palsy. (microcirugia.org)
- 12.20 Tendon transfer for ulnar nerve palsy. (microcirugia.org)
- 09.50 Tendon transfers for common peroneal nerve palsy. (microcirugia.org)
- The radiation vulnerability intracranially of all four of the lower cranial nerves is illustrated by what was believed to be radiation induced bulbar palsy 14 years after a 41-year-old man had irradiation arrest of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (biology-online.org)
- Spinal accessory nerve palsy often occurs due to lesions in the neck, most often due to iatrogenic reasons. (boneandspine.com)
- Spinal accessory nerve palsy results in shoulder dysfunction that affects the overall quality of life. (boneandspine.com)
- Mingo-Robinet reported a permanent femoral nerve palsy secondary to tourniquet use in patella fracture surgery. (parjournal.net)
- The most common etiology of winged scapula is serratus anterior palsy caused from traumatic or iatrogenic damage to the long thoracic nerve [3-. (cureus.com)
- This type of palsy is caused by traumatic or iatrogenic damage to the accessory nerve [4, . (cureus.com)
- Spinal accessory nerve palsy leads to painful disability of the shoulder, carrying an uncertain prognosis. (nih.gov)
- We reviewed the long-term outcome in 16 patients who were treated for pain, weakness of active elevation and asymmetry of the shoulder and the neck due to chronic paralysis of the trapezius muscle, as a result of nerve palsy. (nih.gov)
- The cranial component rapidly joins the vagus nerve, and there is ongoing debate about whether the cranial part should be considered part of the accessory nerve proper. (wikipedia.org)
- Leaving the skull, the nerve travels through the jugular foramen with the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (wikipedia.org)
- Traditionally, the accessory nerve is described as having a small cranial component that descends from the medulla and briefly connects with the spinal accessory component before branching off of the nerve to join the vagus nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Could advanced cervical spinal stenosis cause vagus nerve damage? (healthtap.com)
- Spinal stenosis should not affect the vagus nerve . (healthtap.com)
- The vagus nerve is safely outside of the spinal canal. (healthtap.com)
- The vagus nerve originates in the brain, so an injection affecting spinal nerves should have no effect. (healthtap.com)
- The jugular vein is mobilized laterally and the vagus nerve is retracted medially with the common carotid artery. (medscape.com)
- The cranial root is accessory to the vagus and its fibres are dispersed via the vagus nerve . (earthslab.com)
- The rootlets are connected in keeping with the rootlets of the vagus nerve above. (earthslab.com)
- The combined trunk comes out of the cranial cavity via the middle compartment of the jugular foramen enclosed in the dural sheath together with the vagus nerve. (earthslab.com)
- The cranial root joins the vagus nerve just below its inferior ganglion and is dispersed via the branches of the vagus to the muscles of the palate, pharynx and larynx. (earthslab.com)
- This muscle is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of the vagus nerve, the same nerve that innervates the thyroarytenoid muscle, which accounts for the bulk of the true vocal cord. (ajnr.org)
- It travels towards jugular foramen to exit along with the vagus nerve. (boneandspine.com)
- The cranial component joins the vagus nerve and the spinal component travels down to enter sternocleidomastoid muscle and supplies it. (boneandspine.com)
- The spinal accessory nerve plexus, the trapezius muscle, and shoulder stabilization after radical neck cancer surgery. (medscape.com)
- Harris HH, Dickey JR. Nerve grafting to restore function of the trapezius muscle after radical neck dissection. (medscape.com)
- Keles Z, Zinnuroglu M, Beyazova M. Impairment of upper trapezius branch of the spinal accessory nerve during bypass grafting: a stretch injury? (medscape.com)
- The decision to undergo surgical intervention in the absence of an obvious nerve injury or resection should be made only after sequential evaluations following the initial trauma fail to show spontaneous improvement in trapezius muscle function and confirm stable neurologic deficits. (medscape.com)
- This injury may cause paralysis of the trapezius muscle and thus result in a characteristic group of symptoms and signs, including depression and winging of the scapula, drooped shoulder, reduced shoulder abduction, and pain. (uta.fi)
- SAN injury causes weakness of the trapezius muscle. (e-arm.org)
- We present a rare case of SAN injury associated with manipulation therapy, causing scapular winging and droopy shoulder due to trapezius muscle weakness. (e-arm.org)
- Interruption of the nerve supply to the sternocleidomastoid muscle results in an asymmetric neckline, while weakness of the trapezius muscle can produce a drooping shoulder, winged scapula, and a weakness of forward elevation of the shoulder. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, during a functional neck dissection that injures the spinal accessory nerve, injury prompts the surgeon to cautiously preserve branches of C2, C3, and C4 spinal nerves that provide supplemental innervation to the trapezius muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- Consequently, the term "accessory nerve" usually refers only to nerve supplying the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, also called the spinal accessory nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- As it courses downwards, the nerve pierces through the sternocleidomastoid muscle while sending it motor branches, then continues down until it reaches the trapezius muscle to provide motor innervation to its upper part. (wikipedia.org)
- The spinal component of the accessory nerve provides motor control of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- Trapezius muscle atrophy after whiplash injury: accessory nerve or cervical plexus lesion? (bmj.com)
- Injuries to the accessory nerve are rare and may cause unpredictable motor defects in the neck, including trapezius muscle weakness/atrophy. (ajnr.org)
- The major function of the accessory nerve the motor innervation of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. (earthslab.com)
- The isolated spinal accessory neuropathy usually becomes evident after a few days, with weakness in the abduction and anterior elevation of the arm, and with atrophy of the trapezius muscle and winging of the scapula after a few weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
- Occasional variations in the clinical findings of patients with identical lesions of the spinal accessory nerve may be partially explained by variations in the innervations of the trapezius muscle [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mayo Clinic is pioneering new surgical techniques - muscle transfers that can restore some deltoid function as well as tendon transfers for massive rotator cuff tears, brachial plexus injury (BPI), trapezius paralysis and subscapularis tears - that provide options for patients with debilitating shoulder conditions. (mayoclinic.org)
- Contemporary findings regarding the anatomical patterns of CN XI and cervical nerve innervation of the trapezius muscle could have implications for the development of a modified radical neck dissection (MRND) technique [3, (thefreedictionary.com)
- Innervation of the trapezius is derived from the spinal accessory nerve. (healthline.com)
- A trapezius strain can happen as the result of an acute injury or from long-term overuse. (healthline.com)
- It often gives an independent branch to upper trapezius and rest of the muscle is supplied by the plexus formed between cervical connections and spinal accessory nerve. (boneandspine.com)
- The nerve injured or transected during surgery could be the main branch or a small branch that innervates the upper trapezius muscle. (boneandspine.com)
- Current evidence suggests that there is a variable contribution of both cervical and spinal accessory nerve motor innervation to the trapezius. (boneandspine.com)
- The nerve injury in the neck causes trapezius muscle paralysis. (boneandspine.com)
- Winged scapula is caused by paralysis of the serratus anterior or trapezius muscles due to damage to the long thoracic or accessory nerves, resulting in loss of strength and range of motion of the shoulder. (cureus.com)
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that lead directly from the brain to various parts of the head and neck. (jmw.co.uk)
- Did you know that there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that perform some highly sophisticated functions? (choosenatural.com)
- The entire dissection is confined medial to the prescalene fat pad that covers the scalenus anticus muscle and phrenic nerve. (medscape.com)
- Some authors include the fifth cervical nerve to the plexus which contributes to the formation of one of the motor branches of the cervical plexus called the phrenic nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
- An individualized health care provider) to keep serum glucose level 70110 mg/dl 216 mg/dl on two occasions, the phrenic nerve damage. (suagm.edu)
- 10.00 Phrenic nerve transfer for reanimation of triceps and finger extension. (microcirugia.org)
- As phrenic nerve pacing has been proven to free many of these patients from ventilatory dependency, we hypothesized that neurotization of the phrenic nerve with the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) may offer one potential alternative to phrenic nerve stimulation via pacing and may be more efficacious and longer lasting without the complications of an implantable device. (utmb.edu)
- Materials and methods: Ten cadavers (20 sides) underwent exposure of the cervical phrenic nerve and the SAN in the posterior cervical triangle. (utmb.edu)
- The SAN was split into anterior and posterior halves and the anterior half transposed to the ipsilateral phrenic nerve as it crossed the anterior scalene muscle. (utmb.edu)
- Results: The mean distance between the cervical phrenic nerve and the SAN in the posterior cervical triangle was 2.5 cm proximally, 4 cm at a midpoint, and 6 cm distally. (utmb.edu)
- The mean excess length of SAN available after transposition to the more anteromedially placed phrenic nerve was 5 cm (range 4 to 6.5 cm). (utmb.edu)
- The mean diameter of these regional parts of the spinal accessory and phrenic nerves was 2 and 2.5 mm, respectively. (utmb.edu)
- Conclusions: To our knowledge, using the SAN for neurotization to the phrenic nerve for potential use in patients with spinal cord injury has not been previously explored. (utmb.edu)
- Following clinical trials, these data may provide a mechanism for self stimulation of the diaphragm and obviate phrenic nerve pacing in patients with high cervical quadriplegia. (utmb.edu)
- In case of absence of available roots, extraplexual nerve transfers are employed, such as the spinal accessory nerve, the phrenic nerve, the intercostal nerves, etc., to increase the amount of axons transferred to the injured plexus. (isciii.es)
- This could include a caudal epidural and facet joint injection causing a spinal cord injury or the median nerve being damaged when blood is taken from the arm. (jmw.co.uk)
- Unusual nerve supply of biceps from ulnar nerve and median nerve and a third head of biceps. (ebscohost.com)
- Of the four main nerves traversing the arm, namely median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous, the ulnar and median nerve do not give any branches to muscles of the arm. (ebscohost.com)
- the stimulation switching mechanisms in the median nerve fascicle exhibited a nonlinear thresholding. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Seventeen percent of injuries occurred to the median nerve, 16% to the accessory, 13% to the radial and common peroneal, 8.5% to the ulnar and 5% to the femoral nerves, respectively. (parjournal.net)
- [ 15 ] Upper limb nerves were affected and included: the radial nerve in 2 patients, median nerve in 3, ulnar nerve in 5 and musculocutaneous in 1. (parjournal.net)
- When we found the median nerve just radial to the palmaris longus tendon, we were then able to identify the anatomical abnormality in this case. (biomedcentral.com)
- When we found the median nerve just radial to the PL tendon, we were then able to identify the anatomical abnormality described in this case (Fig. 2 A, B). Therefore, we changed the approach to the classic Henry's approach after we had identified and gently protected the PCB. (biomedcentral.com)
- What diseases affect trigeminal nerve? (healthtap.com)
- 10 patients suffered facial nerve damage (secondary to ear and parotid gland surgery) and 10 suffered trigeminal nerve injury (secondary to maxilary sinus surgery). (parjournal.net)
- We describe two patients with uncommon causes of iatrogenic injuries and review the anatomy, presentation, possibilities of repair, and results. (lu.se)
- This 3D medical animation shows the anatomy of the right shoulder along with an iatrogenic injury to the spinal accessory nerve which occurs during a lymph node biopsy. (doereport.com)
- My medical expert was comfortable working with them and he spent at least an hour explaining to the jury the anatomy of the lungs, the ribs and the injuries depicted in the illustrations. (doereport.com)
- The Visao TM High-Speed Otologic Drill allows remarkable surgical visibility and access with patented curved burs that feature an outer, non-rotating tube design to help protect critical anatomy from mechanical injury. (medtronic.com)
- The hand anatomy presents general patterns in motor and sensitive nerves distribution. (ebscohost.com)
- The general location and approximate number of rootlets of origin for cranial nerves have been well described in standard anatomy texts ( 31 ). (biology-online.org)
- In this regard, it would be useful to know the topographical anatomy of the cranial nerves as discussed in 1980 by Lang ( 35 ) and Sunderland ( 36 ). (biology-online.org)
- We review the literature regarding the anatomy, function, and clinical implications of the complex neural networks formed by interconnections between the lower cranial and upper cervical nerves. (utmb.edu)
- Extensive and variable neural anastomoses exist between the lower cranial nerves and between the upper cervical nerves in such a way that these nerves with their extra-axial communications can be collectively considered a plexus. (utmb.edu)
- People with traumatic nerve damage can experience severe, unrelenting pain, burning sensation, tingling or total loss of sensation in the part of the body affected by the damaged nerve. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- An update on the management of adult traumatic nerve injuries - replacing old paradigms: A review. (stanford.edu)
- Complex post-traumatic hand injuries and reconstructions / rehabilitation. (forerunnershealthcare.com)
- Between 1994 and 1998, 44 nerve transfers were performed using a graft between a branch of the accessory nerve and musculocutaneous nerve to restore the flexion of the arm in patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries. (thejns.org)
- An alternative for traumatic injuries to the V2 segment includes coil embolization. (medscape.com)
- Evaluation of infraspinatus reinnervation and function following spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve transfer in adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries. (uhnresearch.ca)
- The relationship to the shoulder joint is the most important factor in reference to the vulnerability of the axillary nerve to traumatic injuries. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The lesion of the axillary nerve due to traumatic injuries is usually localized at or distally to the quadrilateral space. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Enhancing the Outcome of Traumatic Sensory Nerve Lesions of the Hand by Additional Use of a Chitosan Nerve Tube in Primary Nerve Repair. (bgu-frankfurt.de)
- Free functioning gracilis muscle transfer versus intercostal nerve transfer to musculocutaneous nerve for restoration of elbow flexion after traumatic adult brachial pan-plexus injury. (bgu-frankfurt.de)
- 1 This article will discuss typical indications for advanced imaging of the wrist, including post-traumatic lesions, avascular necrosis, chondral injuries and arthritis,tendon pathologies and internal derangements of ligaments and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). (appliedradiology.com)
- Given the large amount of reports that has been published in recent years regarding brachial plexus traumatic injuries, the present article has been written in order to clarify the concerned readers the indications, results and techniques available in the surgical armamentarium for this condition. (isciii.es)
- In some cases, like complex regional pain syndrome and brachial plexus injuries, the problem begins after an injury. (icdlist.com)
- Mechanics of tendon transfers in peripheral nerve injuries, brachial plexus injuries and post-infective palsies. (forerunnershealthcare.com)
- In complete brachial plexus injuries, it is mandatory to determine the exact numer of roots available (not avulsed) to perform a direct reconstruction. (isciii.es)
- How is shoulder function evaluated in spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury? (medscape.com)
- Shoulder function after accessory nerve-sparing neck dissections. (medscape.com)
- The mean active range of movement of the shoulder improved at abduction 44° (43%) in neurolysis, 59° (71%) in direct nerve repair, and 30° (22%) in nerve-grafting patients. (uta.fi)
- We present a rare case of SAN injury associated with manipulation therapy showing scapular winging and droopy shoulder. (e-arm.org)
- In patients with damage to the spinal accessory nerve, shoulder elevation will be diminished, and the patient will be incapable of raising the shoulders against the examiner's resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- Injury can cause wasting of the shoulder muscles, winging of the scapula, and weakness of shoulder abduction and external rotation. (wikipedia.org)
- In part II of this series , Alicia Filley advises on how to manage upper extremity injuries and maintain shoulder health. (sportsinjurybulletin.com)
- Water polo athletes are doubly at risk for a shoulder injury, being both swimmers and overhead throwers. (sportsinjurybulletin.com)
- Therefore, it's important to monitor any complaints of shoulder pain closely so that tissue stress can be treated while the injury is still minor. (sportsinjurybulletin.com)
- As well, we could not have been happier when you customized the image and reversed the injury from the left shoulder to the right shoulder, which is where our client's injury was. (doereport.com)
- The purpose of the conference was to update, present and discuss the accumulated knowledge regarding scapular involvement in various shoulder injuries and highlight the clinical implications for the evaluation and treatment of shoulder injuries. (bmj.com)
- The areas covered included the scapula and shoulder injury, the scapula and sports participation, clinical evaluation and interventions and known outcomes. (bmj.com)
- With this case we alert surgeons and physical therapists that patients with EDS can have not only a complicated course after TSA, but rare concurrent conditions that can further increase the propensity of neurological injuries that result in compromised shoulder function. (hindawi.com)
- Isolated spinal accessory nerve dysfunction has a major detrimental impact on the functional performance of the shoulder girdle, and is a well-documented complication of surgical procedures in the posterior triangle of the neck. (biomedcentral.com)
- Isolated spinal accessory nerve dysfunction has a serious impact on the functional performance of the shoulder girdle. (biomedcentral.com)
- It also provides a sensory branch named the upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm that innervates the skin over the lateral aspect of the shoulder. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Axillary nerve injuries after fracture or dislocation of the shoulder are more commonly present than what is actually appreciated. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Concomitant injuries to the joints, bones, or other muscles of the rotator cuff may compromise shoulder motion by itself and axillary nerve injury particularly if they are mild, can go unnoticed. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Severe blunt trauma to the shoulder particularly during sporting activities such as football, hockey, skiing, volleyball and motorcycle accidents can also injure the axillary nerve. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The axillary nerve is one of the nerves most commonly injured during surgical procedures on the shoulder. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Iatrogenic injury to the axillary nerve remains a serious complication of shoulder surgery involving the inferior aspect of the shoulder. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- History of distinct trauma to the shoulder, either blunt trauma, traction injury or penetrating trauma should raise suspicion for an axillary nerve injury. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- An anatomic and clinical study of the suprascapular and axillary nerve blocks for shoulder arthroscopy. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The bookAEs 25 chapters cover routine procedures as well as advanced topics such as arthroscopic management of greater tuberosity fractures, arthroscopic procedures for shoulder dislocation, arthroscopic AC joint reconstruction, and suprascapular nerve release. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Except for rapid motor reinnervations, elbow flexion was obtained by an Oberlin's partial ulnar nerve transfer, while shoulder abduction was restored by an accessory-to-suprascapular nerve. (ebscohost.com)
- Shoulder pain and dysfunction are common after oncologic neck dissection for head and neck cancer (HNC), due to traction, compression, and devascularization injuries to the spinal accessory nerve (SAN). (biomedcentral.com)
- Secondary outcomes measured will include nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyographic (EMG) studies, as well as scores on the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), the Neck Dissection Impairment Index (NDII), and the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) score. (biomedcentral.com)
- 09.40 Nerve repair for Shoulder reanimation in adult BPP. (microcirugia.org)
- These variations in connections also explain in part why the spinal accessory nerve itself need not be cut for severe head, neck, and shoulder impairment to occur when there is loss of other cervical nerves in the plexus ( 1 , 39 ).Cranial nerves, unlike peripheral nerves, lack an epineurium, do not stretch, and have less collagen, and so are more subject to injury than peripheral nerves ( 36 , 40 ). (biology-online.org)
- Sensation, including pain and the sense of joint position ( proprioception ), travel via the ventral rami of the third (C3) and fourth (C4) cervical nerves . (wikipedia.org)
- Each nerve has a cranial and a spinal portion, communicates with certain cervical nerves, and connects to the nucleus ambiguus of the brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Knowledge of the possible neural interconnections found between the lower cranial and upper cervical nerves may prove useful to surgeons who operate on the skull base and upper neck regions in order to avoid inadvertent traction or transection. (utmb.edu)
- An elderly patient with a previous history of spinal canal stenosis sustains an extension injury of the cervical spine. (brainscape.com)
- Because the brain stem contains the control center for the postural muscles of the spine, an injury at the upper neck can interfere with the brain's normal control over the postural muscles, leading to muscular weakness, imbalance, atrophy and spasm throughout the neck and back. (erinelster.com)
- Chagla, "Retrospective analysis of peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the second cervical nerve root in 60 surgically treated patients," Journal of Neurosurgery Spine, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The 11th nerve syndrome in functional neck dissection. (medscape.com)
- The spinal accessory nerve is the 11th of 12 cranial nerves, which originate in the brain. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The Spinal Accessory Nerve is the 11th nerve pair and is responsible for movement in a variety of vital muscles, including the upper shoulders, head and neck. (jmw.co.uk)
- Either of the 11th pair of cranial nerves, which convey motor impulses to the pharynx and muscles of the upper thorax, back, and shoulders. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A Comparison of Outcomes of Triceps Motor Branch-to-Axillary Nerve Transfer or Sural Nerve Interpositional Grafting for Isolated Axillary Nerve Injury. (uhnresearch.ca)
- Axillary Nerve Reconstruction: Anterior-Posterior Exposure With Sural Nerve Cable Graft Pull-Through Technique. (uhnresearch.ca)
- The axillary nerve innervates all the portions of the deltoid muscle and teres minor muscle. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The axillary nerve originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and contains fibers that originate from C5 and C6 nerve roots that travel via the upper trunk of the brachial plexus and then into the posterior cord. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- After arising from the posterior cord, the axillary nerve is positioned lateral to the radial nerve and then courses laterally and posteriorly just inferior to the glenohumeral joint. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The axillary nerve passes through the quadrilateral space around the posterior and lateral surface of the proximal humerus. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The axillary nerve terminates into anterior and posterior muscular branches, both of which innervate the deltoid muscle. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- In 65% of cases, the axillary nerve splits into anterior and posterior branches within the quadrangular space, and in the remaining 35% splits within the deltoid muscle. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The axillary nerve is one of the most common peripheral nerves injured in athletes who participate in contact sports. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Typically it is due to a direct blow to the anterolateral deltoid muscle, during which compressive force is applied to the axillary nerve. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Occasionally gunshot wounds or misplaced intramuscular injections can damage the axillary nerve. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The axillary nerve is also at risk during general anesthesia due to positioning, especially with arms raised superiorly above the head. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The Effectiveness of the Extended Surgical Approach to Visualize the Axillary Nerve in the Blind Zone in an Arthroscopic Axillary Nerve Injury Model. (bgu-frankfurt.de)
- Anatomical study of the axillary nerve: description of a surgical blind zone. (bgu-frankfurt.de)
- Reconstruction of C5 and C6 brachial plexus avulsion injury by multiple nerve transfers: spinal accessory to suprascapular, ulnar fascicles to biceps branch, and triceps long or lateral head branch to axillary nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Two of these tests are electromyography and nerve conduction velocity. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Needle electromyography and nerve conduction study suggested SAN injury. (e-arm.org)
- The assessment of nerve injury includes a careful neurological examination, sometimes accompanied by tests, e.g., electromyography or nerve conduction studies. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The sciatic nerve divides into tibial and common peroneal nerves. (brainscape.com)
- Iatrogenic sciatic nerve injuries at buttock and thigh levels: The Louisiana State University experience review. (uth.edu)
- The fascicular organization suggests that selective activation of the fascicles responsible for plantar flexion can be isolated and selectively stimulated at the level of the proximal tibial nerve and the distal sciatic nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 09.10 Sciatic nerve injury. (microcirugia.org)
- [ 3 ] Spinal accessory nerve injuries resulting from medical intervention have been quoted as high as 94% [ 4 ] and figures of 60% and 25.2% for femoral and sciatic nerve injuries, respectively. (parjournal.net)
- [ 7 ] attributed sciatic nerve damage to intragluteal injections in approximately 40% of their patients. (parjournal.net)
- Lower limb nerves were also affected: tibial in 13 patients, peroneal in 8, and the femoral, obturator and sciatic nerve in 3 individual patients. (parjournal.net)
- Nerve conduction studies performed during surgery are often able to help indicate outcome and need for simple cleaning of the nerve (neurolysis) or a more extensive repair with grafting. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Nerve conduction studies reveal prolonged latencies in nerve injury. (boneandspine.com)
- The peripheral nervous system is a network of 43 pairs of motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system) to the entire human body. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The endings of the sensory nerves that detect odors, the olfactory receptors, can quickly adapt to an odor and cease to be stimulated by it after a few minutes of full exposure. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The extent of brachial plexus injury: an important factor in spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve transfer outcomes. (nih.gov)
- Variations in suprascapular notch with or without an anomalous superior transverse scapular ligament is a cause for suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This paper will explore the possibility that the pain pattern may be due to a peripheral nerve neuropathy that includes the DSN, suprascapular nerve, long thoracic and radial nerve with the C5 nerve root being a common thread. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Twelve patients that showed no recovery at least 3 months post-injury underwent spinal accessory to suprascapular single nerve transfer operation between 31 Jan 2013 to 31 July 2013 (6 months). (thefreedictionary.com)
- The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles receive innervation from the upper trunk via the suprascapular nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 2-6) The pathophysiology linking fatty infiltration with rotator cuff tears is unclear with several theories posited, including impingement of the suprascapular nerve by the torn, retracted tendon or a secondary phenomenon related to shortened, atrophied muscle cells. (thefreedictionary.com)
- This implies that several categories or domains that clinicians use in humans fig. In % if stapling alone was insufcient to allow specic tailoring of chemotherapy for soft tissue tumor, the large numbers of shoulders with instability injuries to the suprascapular nerve. (goodsamatlanta.org)
- Chandawarkar RY, Cervino AL, Pennington GA. Management of iatrogenic injury to the spinal accessory nerve. (medscape.com)
- Iatrogenic injury to the accessory nerve. (lu.se)
- In this study, the authors review the operative techniques and surgical outcomes of 156 surgical repairs of the SAN following iatrogenic injury during lymph node biopsy procedures. (thejns.org)
- Also, to avoid iatrogenic injury, before operating or radiation therapy, it becomes important to know whether dural, perineural areas, or venous sinuses close to these nerves are invaded by skull-based tumors. (biology-online.org)
- Most of the cases are due to injury, iatrogenic injury being the most common. (boneandspine.com)
- The reported incidence of iatrogenic injury has been found to range from 13% of cases for motor deficit [ 12 ] up to 50% for sensory deficit. (parjournal.net)
- This is a unique case of a female patient with features of classical and hypermobile types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) who developed complex scapular winging from spinal accessory and long thoracic neuropathies. (hindawi.com)
- We report a unique case of a female patient with features of classical and hypermobile types of EDS who developed complex scapular winging that resulted from spinal accessory neuropathy and long thoracic neuropathy in the setting of mild brachial plexopathy. (hindawi.com)
- For surgeons, awareness of potential variations of the long thoracic nerve and the accessory nerve can decrease the incidence of winged scapula with an iatrogenic cause [7-. (cureus.com)
- Additional procedures can include microneurolysis of the long thoracic nerve, nerve transfer, and nerve grafting [5, 15-. (cureus.com)
- In two, who eventually had a poor outcome, a concomitant long thoracic and dorsal scapular nerve lesion had been present. (nih.gov)
- In this article, two clinical cases are presented where accessory nerve injuries are repaired with either a motor nerve transfer (a branch of C7) or a motor autograft (obturator nerve), and excellent functional results are reported. (ovid.com)
- The Center for Peripheral Nerve Surgery utilizes a multi-faceted research approach ranging from basic/translational research to clinical trials to clinical outcomes research. (stanford.edu)
- Our current research focuses on advanced imaging techniques such as Stimulated Raman Histology to develop improved intraoperative decision-making, attempting to understand the growth pattern of nerve sheath tumors (schwannomas and neurofibromas), and the evaluation of an approved device (Neurocap) for the treatment of nerve pain secondary to neuromas through a post-approval clinical trial. (stanford.edu)
- This retrospective study examines the authors' clinical and surgical experience with 156 patients with SAN injury between 1980 and 2012. (thejns.org)
- Our Medical Negligence Solicitors can help you get the compensation you're entitled to for nerve damage injuries caused by clinical or medical negligence. (simpsonmillar.co.uk)
- Clinicians have to be aware that due to anatomical variation and the potential for compensation by the levator scapulae, the clinical consequences of any injury to the spinal accessory nerve may vary. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, parameters such as our patient's unusual initial clinical presentation, the magnitude of the functional deficit and its mismatch with the imaging and electrophysiological findings, as well as a possible pathomechanism of the present injury, are discussed in this case report. (biomedcentral.com)
- No other injury was reported and the initial clinical diagnosis of gastrocnemius strain was established. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Clinical conditions are usually complicated and enigmatic when the injury is chronic, while the potential exists for abnormally prolonged arthritis of the synovial membrane, cervical nerve root irritation of the posterior branches, and vestibular reflex abnormalities due to vestibular dysfunction, neck muscle tension, or fibromyalgia (see below), but details of the pathology remain unclear. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Because of the unpredictability of what may be serious impairment from cutting a rootlet or one of its branches to any of these important nerves, much clinical and anatomic study has gone into efforts to protect them during operations, as for example, coating them with fibrin ( 40 ). (biology-online.org)
- This large market share is mainly attributed to factors such as increasing awareness of healthcare professionals about clinical benefits associated with nerve monitoring, increasing number of complex & critical surgeries worldwide, and ongoing technological advancements in the field of nerve stimulation & monitoring. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- The growth of this North America market is attributed to the significant adoption of nerve monitoring owing to the growing number of clinical trials that have proved its therapeutic efficacy in surgeries and the availability of medical reimbursement in the US. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- Surgery may be needed for more severe injuries, and may involve nerve grafting, nerve regeneration or tendon or muscle transfer. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Search our extensive library for more on how to treat shoulders , rotator cuff injuries , and tendinopathy ) Too much stress and the tendon degenerates beyond repair and may eventually rupture. (sportsinjurybulletin.com)
- 09.20 Aged nerve injuries: late nerve repair or tendon transfers? (microcirugia.org)
- Ulnar artery and ulnar nerves were taken into account regarding their position and trajectory related to this variation. (ebscohost.com)
- The Muscular Branching Patterns of the Ulnar Nerve to the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscles. (ebscohost.com)
- The branching pattern of the ulnar nerve in the forearm is of great importance in anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve for decompression after neuropathy of cubital tunnel syndrom and malformations resulting from distal end fractures of the humerus. (ebscohost.com)
- Clinically and electrophysiologically all showed an isolated lesion of the deep terminal motor branch of the ulnar nerve leaving the hypothenar muscle and the distal sensory. (ebscohost.com)
- Surgical management of obturator nerve lesions. (uth.edu)
- Nerve injuries caused by medical interventions (Iatrogenic lesions) can complicate procedures and affect any part of the peripheral nervous system. (parjournal.net)
- The potential for iatrogenic injuries in the course of any surgical procedure should be thoroughly appreciated by all surgeons and they should be familiar with early diagnostic steps for detecting these lesions. (parjournal.net)
- Nerve injuries can occur in many different ways and can have very serious consequences, ranging from loss of sensation through to paralysis. (jmw.co.uk)
- Nerve injuries can cause anything from tingling sensations to muscle weakness and paralysis. (simpsonmillar.co.uk)
- This case report documents resolution of hemidiaphragm paralysis and improved respiratory function with unilateral cervical nerve root decompression alone, a finding that has not previously been described. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Paralysis of the platysma results from injury to the ____ branch of the ____ nerve. (flashcardmachine.com)
- If an _____ exists then, it must also be blocked/ crushed in addition to the ____ nerve to produce complete paralysis of the hemidiaphragm. (flashcardmachine.com)
- Reconstruction of accessory nerve defects with sternocleidomastoid muscle-great auricular nerve flap. (medscape.com)
- Intraoperative identification of a nerve-in-continuity that does not show contractions on direct stimulation (nerve resection and reconstruction should be considered. (medscape.com)
- Spinal accessory nerve function following neck dissection. (medscape.com)
- Functional evaluation of the spinal accessory nerve after neck dissection. (medscape.com)
- Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury mostly occurs during surgical procedures such as cervical lymph node biopsy, neck dissection for tumor resection, and carotid endarterectomy. (e-arm.org)
- In particular, radical neck dissection and cervical lymph node biopsy are among the most common surgical procedures that result in spinal accessory nerve damage. (wikipedia.org)
- Traction, skeletonization [stripping of tissue], and devascularization of the nerve during neck dissection can injure the nerve. (boneandspine.com)
- the facial nerve is the most common neural deficit reported. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- What Causes Facial Nerve Damage? (nerve-injury.com)
- Various medical conditions can cause facial nerve damage, resulting in a range of symptoms developing. (nerve-injury.com)
- As another example of a variable interconnection observed in our laboratory, in one subject, the rootlets of the glossopharyngeal were connected to the vestibulocochlear as well as the facial nerve. (biology-online.org)
- The latter interconnection was other than the inconstant but well-known branch of the facial nerve to the tympanic cavity just described, i.e., the nerve of Jacobson or the Ansa of von Haller ( 33 , 34 ). (biology-online.org)
- For example, the olfactory nerve (I) supplies smell, and the facial nerve (VII) supplies motor innervation to the face. (wikipedia.org)
- When one of these nerves suffers serious injury or trauma, surgical treatment may be called for. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The spinal accessory nerve can be damaged during trauma or even during surgery when surgeons are operating on lymph nodes or on the jugular vein in the neck. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- However, other causes such as stretch or traction injury, blunt trauma, penetrating injury, and Parsonage-Turner syndrome represented by inflammatory process have also been reported [ 1 - 3 ]. (e-arm.org)
- pressure via a bladder catheter or nasogastric tube, using aTrauma scale derived from the Glasgow coma scale, sys- water column manometer.tolic BP, revised trauma score, abbreviated injury scale Management includes laparotomy and leaving the abdomenand age. (slideshare.net)
- Together, these results demonstrated that outcome in patients who undergo accessory to musculocutaneous nerve neurotization for restoration of elbow flexion following brachial plexus injury is greatly dependent on the time interval between trauma and surgery and on the length of the nerve graft used. (thejns.org)
- 1-31 Often, trauma is directed at the neck during auto accidents, head injuries, sports accidents, and falls. (erinelster.com)
- Dai L, Jia L. Central cord injury complicating acute cervical disc herniation in trauma. (erinelster.com)
- This can be critical, as many times nerve entrapments and trauma involve scarring around the nerve that compress the structure. (regenexx.com)
- The expansion in target patient population, growing availability of medical reimbursement for nerve monitoring procedures, and rising demand for surgical intervention among trauma cases across the globe are some key factors propelling the growth of this market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- This technique consists in sectioning a donor nerve, sacrificing its original function, to connect it with the distal stump of a receptor nerve, whose function was lost during the trauma. (isciii.es)
- [ 2 ] looking at 722 patients with peripheral nerve trauma found that approximately 17.4% were iatrogenic injuries with the majority (94%) being secondary to a surgical procedure. (parjournal.net)
- Spinal accessory neuropathy (SAN) is commonly caused by an iatrogenic procedure, and that caused by tumors is very rare. (bvsalud.org)
- We reviewed the medical records of a consecutive 37 patients (11 men and 26 women) having surgery to correct spinal accessory nerve injury. (uta.fi)
- Electrical testing performed during surgery confirms that no electrical energy can be passed along the neural pathways in this injured nerve. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- The only way to repair a fifth-degree injury is through surgery. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- More severe injuries may require peripheral nerve surgery, which is performed by a neurosurgeon. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- There are several options of treatment when iatrogenic (i.e., caused by the surgeon) spinal accessory nerve damage is noted during surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- At the Stanford Center for Peripheral Nerve Surgery, our goal is to capitalize on the expertise of specialists from multiple fields of medicine to develop a customized treatment plan to address the needs of each individual patient. (stanford.edu)
- Stanford Health Care's Peripheral Nerve Surgery Program offers comprehensive diagnostic evaluation and testing, as well as leading-edge surgical techniques, provided by a highly specialized and experienced nationally-recognized team. (stanford.edu)
- Reinnervation of the musculocutaneous nerve was demonstrated in 86% of the patients who had undergone surgery within the first 6 months after injury, in 65% of the patients who had undergone surgery between 7 and 12 months after injury, and in only 50% of the patients who had undergone surgery 12 months after injury. (thejns.org)
- In fact, this is one of the most common problems faced by patients who are the subject of mistakes during surgery because surgeons performing an operation will often work in close proximity to various nerve endings. (jmw.co.uk)
- The very nature of surgery means that a surgeon will often be working very close to nerve endings and any miscalculation or accident can cause damage that can have very serious consequences. (jmw.co.uk)
- Nerve damage can result from many common medical operations, such as hip, knee and back surgery, and the impact can be devastating. (simpsonmillar.co.uk)
- Davis faces the possibility of surgery if the initial diagnosis (a damaged spinal accessory nerve) is confirmed by doctors in New York, but that does not necessarily mean he will be lost for the entire season. (baltimoresun.com)
- He was the director of spinal neurosurgery and reconstructive peripheral nerve surgery for both programs. (uth.edu)
- eds): Atlas of Peripheral Nerve Surgery, 2nd Edition. (uth.edu)
- Surgery to get rid of nerve entrapment is generally not a good idea. (regenexx.com)
- In fact, research has shown that one of the world's most common nerve entrapment release surgeries, Carpal Tunnel Release , destabilizes the bones of the wrist, due to the surgery cutting a critical ligament that is required for wrist stability. (regenexx.com)
- Trying to repair nerves by cutting them and splicing them back together with micro-surgery is notoriously difficult. (regenexx.com)
- Nerves are incredibly complex structures, so getting this surgery just right is hit or miss. (regenexx.com)
- After the great enthusiasm generated in the '70s and '80s in brachial plexus surgery as a result of the incorporation of microsurgical techniques and other advances, brachial plexus surgery has been shaken in the last two decades by the emergence of nerve transfer techniques or neurotizations. (isciii.es)
- this literature review complements the preceding paper analyzing intraplexual nerve transfers, and thus completing the analysis of the nerve transfers available in brachial plexus surgery. (isciii.es)
- Iatrogenic injuries during surgery are becoming more widely documented as we begin to see surges in insurance claims. (parjournal.net)
- The high risk procedures that often result in peripheral nerve damage include: osteosynthesis, arthrodesis, posterior triangle lymph node biopsies, carpal tunnel release, surgery for varicose veins, baker cyst excision and inguinal herniorrhaphy. (parjournal.net)
- The fibres of the spinal accessory nerve originate solely in neurons situated in the upper spinal cord, from where the spinal cord begins at the junction with the medulla oblongata, to the level of about C6. (wikipedia.org)
- They originate from the spinal nucleus of accessory nerve, in the ventral horns of the upper 5 spinal sections and create the spinal root. (earthslab.com)
- Ten of the cranial nerves originate in the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
- Surgical outcomes of 111 spinal accessory nerve injuries. (medscape.com)
- Popovski V, Benedetti A, Popovic-Monevska D, Grcev A, Stamatoski A, Zhivadinovik J. Spinal accessory nerve preservation in modified neck dissections: surgical and functional outcomes. (medscape.com)
- What are indications for surgical management of a spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury? (medscape.com)
- Surgical repair may improve function and pain and should be performed early, preferably within six months, but prevention of nerve injury is most important. (lu.se)
- Time elapsed between the injury and the surgical operation ranged from 2 to 120 months. (uta.fi)
- Injuries may be treated with nonsurgical or surgical therapy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- This injury does not require surgical intervention and usually will recover within a matter of hours to a few weeks. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- If this kind of injury can be confirmed through pre-operative nerve testing, surgical intervention is usually not required. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Surgical intervention with nerve grafting is necessary to repair the injury. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) injury mostly occurs during surgical procedures. (e-arm.org)
- We utilize the latest diagnostic techniques and surgical strategies to restore function and minimize pain for patients with peripheral nerve disorders. (stanford.edu)
- Sometimes, nerve damage is caused through surgical error. (jmw.co.uk)
- Nerve damage is one of the most common problems that can arise from surgical errors. (jmw.co.uk)
- Dr. Daniel Kim has won numerous awards and honors, authored hundreds of papers and published 20 surgical textbooks, and is a preeminent researcher in peripheral nerve repair through nerve transfer and nerve graft. (uth.edu)
- Surgical management of the pelvic plexus and lower abdominal nerves. (uth.edu)
- And the patient how to take the following characteristics: Prolonged or complex febrile seizures, the surgical specimen shows the preserved spinal accessory nerve. (suagm.edu)
- Based on product, the nerve stimulation electrodes and probes segment commanded the largest share of the global nerve monitoring system market in 2017. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- The lateral horn of high cervical segments appears to be continuous with the nucleus ambiguus of the medulla oblongata, from which the cranial component of the accessory nerve is derived. (wikipedia.org)
- This cluster of neurons, called the spinal accessory nucleus, is located in the lateral aspect of the anterior horn of the spinal cord, and stretches from where the spinal cord begins (at the junction with the medulla) through to the level of about C6. (wikipedia.org)
- Accurately depicts the spinal accessory nerve from a lateral (side) view. (doereport.com)
- The femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4) is formed within psoas major and emerges from its lateral border to lie between psoas and iliacus in the iliac fossa. (brainscape.com)
- The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the lateral thigh. (brainscape.com)
- The spinal root originates by a number of rootlets from the lateral aspect of the spinal cord (upper 5 cervical spinal sections) along a vertical line between the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal nerves. (earthslab.com)
- The upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm arises from the posterior branch. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- In 100% of cases, the posterior branch innervates the teres minor muscle and gives off a branch for the superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Lateral Pectoral Nerve Transfer for Spinal Accessory Nerve Injury. (bgu-frankfurt.de)
- Quick Navigation What is The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve?Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve InjuriesTight ClothingSurgeryPelvic FractureObesityDiabetesPregnancyTraumaTumorsSports And Physical ActivitiesHow is a Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Injury Diagnosed?How is. (nerve-injury.com)
- SAN is very susceptible to injury at the posterior cervical triangle because it courses superficially. (e-arm.org)
- Iatrogenic injuries to the spinal accessory nerve (SAN) are not uncommon during lymph node biopsy of the posterior cervical triangle (PCT). (thejns.org)
- Tubbs RS, Salter EG, Wellons JC III, Blount JP, Oakes WJ (2005) Superficial landmarks for the spinal accessory nerve within the posterior cervical triangle. (springer.com)
- Your peripheral nerves are the ones outside your brain and spinal cord. (icdlist.com)
- The brain and spinal cord communicates with what is occurring in the internal organs and limbs by nerve fibers where are like electrical wires with insulation (myelin) and the "copper" (axon). (healthtap.com)
- Within brain and spinal cord these nerves connect to other nerves via synapses on both axons and dendrites. (healthtap.com)
- All the muscles of the pharynx with the exception of the stylopharyngeus that is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve. (earthslab.com)
- Neuromuscular disorders affect the nerves that control your voluntary muscles. (icdlist.com)
- Your nerve cells, also called neurons, send the messages that control these muscles. (icdlist.com)
- Strength testing of these muscles can be measured during a neurological examination to assess function of the spinal accessory nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Contraction of the stenocleidomastoid fibres turns the head to the opposite side, the net effect meaning that the head is turned to the side of the brain receiving visual information from that area.The cranial component of the accessory nerve, on the other hand, provides motor control to the muscles of the soft palate, larynx and pharynx. (wikipedia.org)
- In this image, the spinal accessory nerve is shown coursing from the base of the skull through the neck passing behind the muscles and fascia of the neck. (doereport.com)
- The posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle is one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (ajnr.org)
- Background: Accessory ADM was first reported in 1868 although muscular, vascular and nervous variations of the hypothenar eminence are rare, contrary to anomalous muscles in the wrist which are relatively common. (ebscohost.com)
- Ever wondered which nerves makes it move?The body is full of muscles, behind those muscles are the nerves which controls them and makes it possible for us to. (nerve-injury.com)
- A winged scapula may also be suggestive of abnormal spinal accessory nerve function, as described above. (wikipedia.org)
- A winged scapula due to spinal accessory nerve damage will often be exaggerated on arm abduction. (wikipedia.org)
- The nerve travels along the inner wall of the skull towards the jugular foramen. (wikipedia.org)
- The spinal accessory nerve arises from the upper cervical spinal cord (C1-C5), ascends between the dentate ligament and the posterior cervical rootlets, then through the foramen magnum joins the cranial part, and exits through the jugular foramen. (springer.com)
- These rootlets unify together to create one trunk which runs laterally together with the 9th and 10th cranial nerves to reach the jugular foramen where it's joined by the spinal root. (earthslab.com)
- There is damage to the axons and their supporting structures within the nerve. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- In this case, there is damage to the axons and the surrounding tissues sufficient to create scarring that prevents nerve regeneration. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- One particular type of peripheral nerve damage is spinal accessory nerve injury. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- In order to fully determine the extent of the damage to the nerve, the doctor may order an electrical conduction test to determine the passage of electrical currents through the nerves. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- Depending on the location and degree of the nerve damage, the doctor may prescribe different courses of therapy. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
- London notes that a failure to rapidly identify spinal accessory nerve damage may exacerbate the problem, as early intervention leads to improved outcomes. (wikipedia.org)
- Can epidurals cause vagal nerve damage? (healthtap.com)
- Damage to the nerves that supply the perineum may result in penile numbness. (healthtap.com)
- This may result from nerve damage or vascular compression resulting arterial insuffiency, swelling and even blood clots. (healthtap.com)
- We can help in relation to any type of nerve injury, including accidental nerve injury and spinal accessory nerve damage, and can help you secure the compensation to which you are entitled. (jmw.co.uk)
- Nerve damage can have lasting effects on your quality of life and can affect your ability to work. (jmw.co.uk)
- Our expertise in nerve damage injury claims means we'll consider all your needs as we work to get you the rehabilitation support and compensation you deserve. (simpsonmillar.co.uk)
- In rare instances, injury or disease causes such damage to the olfactory nerve that loss of the sense of smell is permanent. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Quick Navigation What is The Occipital Nerve?Occipital Nerve InjuryNerve CompressionDiabetesGoutOsteoarthritisTight MusclesWhiplashHead or Neck TumorsSurgeryHow is Occipital Nerve Damage Diagnosed?How Are Occipital Nerve Injuries Treated?Final Thoughts What is The. (nerve-injury.com)
- The mechanism was theorized to be either from radiation-induced nerve damage or to vascular endothelial damage with resulting ischemia, fibrosis, and neural tissue compromise ( 42 ). (biology-online.org)
- However, they can result in complications including: skin damage, nerve and vascular injury and also postoperative swelling. (parjournal.net)
- [ 9 ] found there to be a three-fold increase in risk of nerve damage for every 30 min increase in tourniquet inflation time. (parjournal.net)
- Because this nerve damage can happen in a variety of ways, initial diagnosis may be overlooked. (cureus.com)
- The distal myotendinous junction of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) is the typical site for muscle injuries to the calf. (thefreelibrary.com)
- 09.50 Distal nerve transfer - Direct root repairs for hand function in BPI. (microcirugia.org)
- 10.10 Very distal nerve transfers: indications & approach. (microcirugia.org)
- Five days after the injury, the patient's condition was no longer critical, and she underwent the definitive treatment of open reduction and internal fixation of the fractures of her clavicle and distal radius under general anesthesia. (biomedcentral.com)
- noun Popularly, an odor or scent verb To perceive odor or scent by stimuli affecting the olfactory nerves. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 1. To perceive by stimulation of the olfactory nerves. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The terminal nerves (0), olfactory nerves (I) and optic nerves (II) emerge from the cerebrum or forebrain, and the remaining ten pairs arise from the brainstem, which is the lower part of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
- A lesion in the spinal accessory nerve is typically iatrogenic: related to lymph node biopsy or excision. (uta.fi)
- All patients suffered iatrogenic SAN injuries during lymph node biopsy, with the vast majority (154/156, 98.7%) occurring in Zone I of the PCT. (thejns.org)
- The nerve fibres sternocleidomastoid however are thought to change sides (Latin: decussate) twice. (wikipedia.org)
- The nerve pierces the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the junction of its upper quarter with the lower three-fourth and supplies it. (earthslab.com)
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle together with C2 and C3 spinal nerves. (earthslab.com)
- However, if the nerve is injured before entering sternocleidomastoid muscle, there would be a weakness of sternocleidomastoid muscle as well. (boneandspine.com)
- The fibres that form the spinal accessory nerve are formed by lower motor neurons located in the upper segments of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- An evaluation is necessary in each individual's case to assess whether an upper cervical injury is present and whether benefit from upper cervical care can be achieved. (erinelster.com)
- One patient developed a deep focal lump in the upper lip three years after the procedure, but there were no differences between the treatment and control groups in contour deformities, head movement limitations, or spinal accessory nerve injuries. (medpagetoday.com)
- The practice of using sensory grafts to repair motor nerve defects is challenged by the discovery of preferential motor reinnervation and modality specific nerve regeneration. (ovid.com)
- However, the concept that a precise injection can help nerve regeneration was so revolutionary that we were reluctant to really shout it from the roof tops until we had enough experience under our belt to be sure that it was working. (regenexx.com)
- Our history with the nerve regeneration procedure begins with a different take on platelet rich plasma (PRP), which is the concentration of platelets from a blood sample. (regenexx.com)
- A critical part of the nerve regeneration procedure is precise ultrasound guided hydrodissection. (regenexx.com)
- So creating new blood vessels around nerves may be important in nerve regeneration. (regenexx.com)
- This is why the better option is to free up some space around the nerve and give growth factors the opportunity to help the nerve accomplish it's own regeneration. (regenexx.com)
- Brief electrical stimulation (BES) is a novel technique that has been shown to enhance and accelerate neuronal regeneration after injury through a brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF)-driven molecular pathway in multiple peripheral nerves in both humans and animals. (biomedcentral.com)
- BES has been shown to be successful in accelerating peripheral nerve regeneration in both animal and human participants in multiple different peripheral nerves. (biomedcentral.com)
- In other instances, the musculocutaneous nerve enters the eye structure inflammatory conditions dermatitis eczema dermatitis is a positive z axis. (goodsamatlanta.org)