Absorptiometry, Photon
A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.
Photons
Bone Density
The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.
Body Composition
Osteoporosis
Radius
Adipose Tissue
Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.
Lumbar Vertebrae
Adiposity
Bone and Bones
Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Anthropometry
Body Mass Index
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Minerals
Native, inorganic or fossilized organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Body Fat Distribution
Hip
Skinfold Thickness
The measurement of subcutaneous fat located directly beneath the skin by grasping a fold of skin and subcutaneous fat between the thumb and forefinger and pulling it away from the underlying muscle tissue. The thickness of the double layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue is then read with a caliper. The five most frequently measured sites are the upper arm, below the scapula, above the hip bone, the abdomen, and the thigh. Its application is the determination of relative fatness, of changes in physical conditioning programs, and of the percentage of body fat in desirable body weight. (From McArdle, et al., Exercise Physiology, 2d ed, p496-8)
Body Weight
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Neutron Activation Analysis
Bone Remodeling
The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.
Calcaneus
Abdominal Fat
Puberty
A period in the human life in which the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system takes place and reaches full maturity. The onset of synchronized endocrine events in puberty lead to the capacity for reproduction (FERTILITY), development of secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS, and other changes seen in ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT.
Intra-Abdominal Fat
Sarcopenia
Calcium, Dietary
Bone Development
Densitometry
Cross-Sectional Studies
Activation Analysis
Body Height
Body Fluid Compartments
Postmenopause
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Regression Analysis
Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.
Osteocalcin
Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX.
Elementary Particles
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome
Bone Density Conservation Agents
Premenopause
Tibia
Whole Body Imaging
Aging
Scattering, Radiation
Reference Values
Linear Models
Radiometry
Exercise
Phantoms, Imaging
Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)
Sex Characteristics
Muscle, Skeletal
European Continental Ancestry Group
Monte Carlo Method
In statistics, a technique for numerically approximating the solution of a mathematical problem by studying the distribution of some random variable, often generated by a computer. The name alludes to the randomness characteristic of the games of chance played at the gambling casinos in Monte Carlo. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)
Scintillation Counting
Pelvic Bones
Basal Metabolism
Heat production, or its measurement, of an organism at the lowest level of cell chemistry in an inactive, awake, fasting state. It may be determined directly by means of a calorimeter or indirectly by calculating the heat production from an analysis of the end products of oxidation within the organism or from the amount of oxygen utilized.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
Longitudinal Studies
Vitamin D
A vitamin that includes both CHOLECALCIFEROLS and ERGOCALCIFEROLS, which have the common effect of preventing or curing RICKETS in animals. It can also be viewed as a hormone since it can be formed in SKIN by action of ULTRAVIOLET RAYS upon the precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol and ERGOSTEROL, and acts on VITAMIN D RECEPTORS to regulate CALCIUM in opposition to PARATHYROID HORMONE.
Sex Factors
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
Radionuclide Imaging
The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.
Thinness
Sensitivity and Specificity
Hip Joint
Bone Demineralization, Pathologic
Decrease, loss, or removal of the mineral constituents of bones. Temporary loss of bone mineral content is especially associated with space flight, weightlessness, and extended immobilization. OSTEOPOROSIS is permanent, includes reduction of total bone mass, and is associated with increased rate of fractures. CALCIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGIC is the process of bone remineralizing. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed; Nicogossian, Space Physiology and Medicine, 2d ed, pp327-33)
Prospective Studies
Muscle Strength
Osteoporotic Fractures
Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton
Fluorescence microscopy utilizing multiple low-energy photons to produce the excitation event of the fluorophore. Multiphoton microscopes have a simplified optical path in the emission side due to the lack of an emission pinhole, which is necessary with normal confocal microscopes. Ultimately this allows spatial isolation of the excitation event, enabling deeper imaging into optically thick tissue, while restricting photobleaching and phototoxicity to the area being imaged.
Energy Metabolism
Organotechnetium Compounds
Age Factors
Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.
Calorimetry, Indirect
Alendronate
Potassium Radioisotopes
Risk Factors
Insulin Resistance
Particle Accelerators
Radiation Dosage
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
Parathyroid Hormone
A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standard of acceptable or desirable weight. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal "over fat".
Hand Bones
Waist Circumference
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Diphosphonates
Organic compounds which contain P-C-P bonds, where P stands for phosphonates or phosphonic acids. These compounds affect calcium metabolism. They inhibit ectopic calcification and slow down bone resorption and bone turnover. Technetium complexes of diphosphonates have been used successfully as bone scanning agents.
Leptin
Bone Lengthening
Radiopharmaceuticals
Physical Fitness
Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime
Cohort Studies
Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.
Thallium Radioisotopes
Predictive Value of Tests
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Body Constitution
Technetium
The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.
Analysis of Variance
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Follow-Up Studies
Alkaline Phosphatase
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
African Continental Ancestry Group
Tomography, Emission-Computed
Oximes
Obesity, Abdominal
Menopause
Equipment Failure Analysis
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
Human Growth Hormone
A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.
Relative Biological Effectiveness
Resistance Training
A type of strength-building exercise program that requires the body muscle to exert a force against some form of resistance, such as weight, stretch bands, water, or immovable objects. Resistance exercise is a combination of static and dynamic contractions involving shortening and lengthening of skeletal muscles.
Models, Biological
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Glucose Tolerance Test
Body Weights and Measures
Tellurium
Collagen Type I
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Radiotherapy, High-Energy
Radiotherapy using high-energy (megavolt or higher) ionizing radiation. Types of radiation include gamma rays, produced by a radioisotope within a teletherapy unit; x-rays, electrons, protons, alpha particles (helium ions) and heavy charged ions, produced by particle acceleration; and neutrons and pi-mesons (pions), produced as secondary particles following bombardment of a target with a primary particle.
Adiponectin
A 30-kDa COMPLEMENT C1Q-related protein, the most abundant gene product secreted by FAT CELLS of the white ADIPOSE TISSUE. Adiponectin modulates several physiological processes, such as metabolism of GLUCOSE and FATTY ACIDS, and immune responses. Decreased plasma adiponectin levels are associated with INSULIN RESISTANCE; TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; and ATHEROSCLEROSIS.
Fractures, Spontaneous
Lipodystrophy
A collection of heterogenous conditions resulting from defective LIPID METABOLISM and characterized by ADIPOSE TISSUE atrophy. Often there is redistribution of body fat resulting in peripheral fat wasting and central adiposity. They include generalized, localized, congenital, and acquired lipodystrophy.
Models, Structural
Waist-Hip Ratio
The waist circumference measurement divided by the hip circumference measurement. For both men and women, a waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of 1.0 or higher is considered "at risk" for undesirable health consequences, such as heart disease and ailments associated with OVERWEIGHT. A healthy WHR is 0.90 or less for men, and 0.80 or less for women. (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2004)
African Americans
Double-Blind Method
Iodine Radioisotopes
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Viscera
Insulin
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).
Tomography, Optical
Projection of near-IR light (INFRARED RAYS), in the 700-1000 nm region, across an object in parallel beams to an array of sensitive photodetectors. This is repeated at various angles and a mathematical reconstruction provides three dimensional MEDICAL IMAGING of tissues. Based on the relative transparency of tissues to this spectra, it has been used to monitor local oxygenation, brain and joints.
Osteomalacia
Female Athlete Triad Syndrome
Gymnastics
Semiconductors
Teriparatide
A polypeptide that consists of the 1-34 amino-acid fragment of human PARATHYROID HORMONE, the biologically active N-terminal region. The acetate form is given by intravenous infusion in the differential diagnosis of HYPOPARATHYROIDISM and PSEUDOHYPOPARATHYROIDISM. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995)
Calibration
Optics and Photonics
Athletes
Gamma Cameras
Hip Fractures
Algorithms
Weight-Bearing
Lasers
An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Radioisotopes
Calcification, Physiologic
Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Renal Osteodystrophy
Iofetamine
Radiation
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
Glucocorticoids
A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.
Electrons
Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.
Spectrometry, Gamma
Statistics, Nonparametric
A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)
Luminescent Measurements
Lutetium
Association of polymorphism at the type I collagen (COL1A1) locus with reduced bone mineral density, increased fracture risk, and increased collagen turnover. (1/2834)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between a common polymorphism within intron 1 of the COL1A1 gene and osteoporosis in a nested case-control study. METHODS: We studied 185 healthy women (mean +/- SD age 54.3+/-4.6 years). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry, and fractures were determined radiographically. The COL1A1 genotype was assessed using the polymerase chain reaction and Bal I endonuclease digestion. RESULTS: Genotype frequencies were similar to those previously observed and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: SS 61.1%, Ss 36.2%, and ss 2.7%. Carriage of at least one copy of the "s" allele was associated with a significant reduction in lumbar spine BMD (P = 0.02) and an increased risk of total fracture (P = 0.04). Urinary pyridinoline levels were significantly elevated in those with the risk allele (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data support the findings that the COL1A1 gene polymorphism is associated with low BMD and fracture risk, and suggest a possible physiologic effect on total body turnover of type I collagen. (+info)Transplantation of osteoblast-like cells to the distracted callus in rabbits. (2/2834)
We carried out limb lengthening in rabbits and then transplanted osteoblast-like cells derived from the tibial periosteum to the centres of distracted callus immediately after distraction had been terminated. Two weeks later the transaxial area ratio at the centre of the distracted callus and the bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly higher in the transplanted group, by 21% and 42%, respectively, than in the non-injected group or the group injected with physiological saline (p < 0.05). Callus BMD as a percentage of density in uninvolved bone was also significantly higher in the transplanted group (p < 0.05) than in the other two groups, by 27% and 20% in the second and fourth weeks, respectively (p < 0.05). Mechanically, the callus in the transplanted group tended to be stronger as shown by the three-point bending test although the difference in fracture strength was not statistically significant. Our results show that transplantation of osteoblast-like cells promotes maturity of the distracted callus as observed at the second and fourth weeks after lengthening. The method appears promising as a means of shortening the consolidation period of callus distraction and decreasing complications during limb lengthening with an external fixator. (+info)Subsidence of a non-polished stem in revisions of the hip using impaction allograft. Evaluation with radiostereometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. (3/2834)
We revised 24 consecutive hips with loosening of the femoral stem using impaction allograft and a cemented stem with an unpolished proximal surface. Repeated radiostereometric examinations for up to two years showed a slow rate of subsidence with a mean of 0.32 mm (-2.0 to +0.31). Fifteen cases followed for a further year showed the same mean subsidence after three years, indicating stabilisation. A tendency to retroversion of the stems was noted between the operation and the last follow-up. Retroversion was also recorded when displacement of the stem was studied in ten of the patients after two years. Repeated determination of bone mineral density showed an initial loss after six months, followed by recovery to the postoperative level at two years. Defects in the cement mantle and malalignment of the stem were often noted on postoperative radiographs, but did not correlate with the degrees of migration or displacement. After one year, increasing frequency of trabecular remodelling or resorption of the graft was observed in the greater trochanter and distal to the tip of the stem. Cortical repair was noted distally and medially (Gruen regions 3, 5 and 6). Migration of the stems was the lowest reported to date, which we attribute to the improved grafting technique and to the hardness of the graft. (+info)Plasma leptin concentrations in obese children: changes during 4-mo periods with and without physical training. (4/2834)
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effects of physical training on plasma leptin concentrations in children. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effects of 4-mo periods with and without physical training on leptin in obese children and to explore the determinants of leptin at baseline and in response to physical training. DESIGN: Participants were 34 obese 7-11-y-old children randomly assigned to engage in physical training during either the first or second 4 mo of the 8-mo study. RESULTS: Total body composition, visceral adiposity, and insulin were all positively correlated with leptin at baseline (P < or = 0.05); however, only fat mass was retained in the final stepwise regression (P = 0.0001, R2 = 0.57). Leptin decreased during the 4-mo periods of physical training and increased in the 4 mo after cessation of physical training (P < 0.001 for the time by group interaction). Decreases in leptin were greatest in children with higher pretraining leptin concentrations, those whose total mass increased least, and those whose insulin concentrations decreased most (P < or = 0.05); only pretraining leptin concentration (P = 0.009) and change in total mass (P = 0.0002) were retained in the final regression (R2 = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: In obese children, leptin concentration decreased during 4 mo of physical training and increased during a subsequent 4-mo period without physical training, fat mass was highly correlated with baseline leptin, and greater reductions in leptin during 4 mo of physical training were seen in children with higher pretraining leptin and in those whose total mass increased least. (+info)Use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of osteomalacia: preliminary results on experimental osteomalacia in the rat. (5/2834)
This study was performed to investigate the ability of ultrasonographic technique to distinguish osteomalacia from normal bone with the same mineral content. Ten rats with experimentally induced osteomalacia (group A) and 12 control rats having similar body size and weight (group B) were studied. Histomorphometric analysis confirmed the presence of osteomalacia in two rats from group A and showed normally mineralized bone in two rats from group B. Whole body bone mineral density, measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, was similar in the two groups (86 +/- 6 mg/cm2 in group A and 89 +/- 4 mg/cm2 in group B). The velocity of the ultrasound beam in bone was measured by densitometer at the first caudal vertebra of each rat. The velocity was measured when the first peak of the waveform reached a predetermined minimum amplitude value (amplitude-dependent speed of sound) as well as at the lowest point of this curve before it reaches the predetermined minimum amplitude (first minimum speed of sound). Although the amplitude-dependent speed of sound was similar in the two groups (1381.9 +/- 11.8 m/s in group A and 1390.9 +/- 17.8 m/s in group B), the first minimum speed of sound was clearly different (1446.1 +/- 8.9 m/s in group A and 1503.3 +/- 10.9 m/s in group B; P < 0.001). This study shows that ultrasonography could be used to identify alterations in bone quality, such as osteomalacia, but further studies need to be carried out before this method can be introduced into clinical practice. (+info)Bone densitometry at a district general hospital: evaluation of service by doctors and patients. (6/2834)
OBJECTIVE: To assess doctors' and patients' views about a district general hospital bone densitometry service and to examine existing practice to influence future provision. DESIGN: Three postal surveys: (a) of doctors potentially using the service, (b) of patients undergoing a bone densitometry test during a six month period, and (c) of the referring doctors of the patients undergoing the test. SETTING: Bone densitometry service at South Cleveland Hospital, Middlesbrough and two district health authorities: South Tees and Northallerton. SUBJECTS: All general practitioners (n=201) and hospital consultants in general medicine, rheumatology, obstetrics and gynaecology, orthopaedics, radio therapy and oncology, haematology, and radiology (n=61); all patients undergoing an initial bone densitometry test (n=309) during a six month period; and their referring doctors. MAIN MEASURES: Service awareness and use, knowledge of clinical indications, test results, influence of test results on patient management, satisfaction with the service and its future provision. RESULTS: The overall response rates for the three surveys were 87%, 70%, and 61%. There was a high awareness of the service among doctors and patients; 219(84%) doctors were aware and 155 of them (71%) had used it, and patients often (40%) suggested the test to their doctor. The test was used for a range of reasons including screening although the general use was consistent with current guidelines. Two hundred (65%) bone densitometry measurements were normal, 71(23%) were low normal, and 38(12%) were low. Although doctors reported that management of patients had been influenced by the test results, the algorithm for decision making was unclear. Patients and doctors were satisfied with the service and most (n=146, 68%) doctors wanted referral guidelines for the service. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high awareness of, use of, and satisfaction with the service. Patients were being referred for a range of reasons and a few of these could not be justified, many tests were normal, and clinical decision making was not always influenced by the test result. It is concluded that bone densitometry services should be provided but only for patients whose management will be influenced by test results and subject to guidelines to ensure appropriate use of the technology. (+info)Cardiovascular disease risk factors in 2 distinct ethnic groups: Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal women. (7/2834)
BACKGROUND: Although people from the Indian subcontinent have high rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), studies of such in Indian and Pakistani women living in the United States are lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study accounted for variability in serum lipid (total cholesterol and triacylglycerol) and lipoprotein [LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and HDL cholesterol] concentrations in Indian and Pakistani compared with American premenopausal women in the United States. Body composition, regional fat distribution, dietary intake, and energy expenditure were compared between groups. DESIGN: The 2 groups were 47 Indian and Pakistani and 47 American women. Health was assessed via medical history, physical activity, body composition (via anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), dietary intake (via 7-d food records), and serum lipids. RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, and the ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol were greater (P <0.03), whereas HDL-cholesterol values were lower (P = 0.011) in Indians and Pakistanis than in Americans. Multiple regression analysis indicated that approximately 18% of the variance in total cholesterol (P = 0.0010) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.0009) was accounted for by ethnicity, energy expenditure, and the ratio of the sum of central to the sum of peripheral skinfold thicknesses. Ethnicity, sum of central skinfold thicknesses, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat intake accounted for approximately 43% of the variance in triacylglycerol concentration (P < 0.0001). Monounsaturated fat, percentage body fat, and alcohol intake accounted for approximately 26% of variance in HDL cholesterol. Ethnicity contributed approximately 22% of the 25% overall variance in lipoprotein(a). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that these Indian and Pakistani women are at higher CVD risk than their American counterparts, but that increasing their physical activity is likely to decrease overall and regional adiposity, thereby improving their serum lipid profiles. (+info)Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. (8/2834)
BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones, riboflavin, riboflavin cofactors, and organic acids were assessed in girls with anorexia nervosa. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the effect of malnutrition and low thyroid hormone concentrations on erythrocyte and plasma riboflavin metabolism and their relation with urinary organic acid excretion. DESIGN: Seventeen adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2): 14.8 +/- 2.2] and 17 age-matched, healthy girls (control subjects; BMI: 20.5 +/- 2.2) took part in the feeding study. Erythrocyte and plasma riboflavin as well as riboflavin cofactors (flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide) were assessed by HPLC, whereas urinary organic acids were assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Anorectic patients who began a feeding program had higher erythrocyte riboflavin (3.5 +/- 2.2 compared with <0.1 nmol/mol hemoglobin; P < 0.001), lower plasma flavin adenine dinucleotide (57.8 +/- 18.5 compared with 78.5 +/- 54.3 nmol/L; P < 0.05), and higher urinary ethylmalonic acid (7.12 +/- 4.39 compared with 1.3 +/- 2.8 micromol/mmol creatinine; P < 0.001) and isovalerylglycine (7.65 +/- 4.78 compared with 3.8 +/- 0.9 micromol/mmol creatinine; P < 0.05) concentrations than did control subjects. Triiodothyronine concentrations were low and negatively correlated with plasma riboflavin concentrations (r = -0.69, P < 0.01). Not all patients showed improvements in these biochemical indexes after 30 d of refeeding. CONCLUSIONS: The low triiodothyronine concentrations observed in anorexia nervosa could alter the extent of riboflavin conversion into cofactors, thus leading to high erythrocyte riboflavin concentrations, low plasma flavin adenine dinucleotide concentrations, and high rates of ethylmalonic acid and isovalerylglycine excretion. (+info)
Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry for Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition Assessment | IAEA
Point-of-Care Phalangeal Bone Mineral Density Measurement Can Reduce the Need of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scanning in...
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, proximal femur and distal radius in children<...
Influence of adipose tissue mass on DXA-derived lean soft tissue mass in middle-aged and older women
Evaluation of body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and two different software packages
Slight Abduction/Adduction Deviations in Femur Positioning for Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry are Inconsequential<...
Lean body mass by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and by urine and dialysate creatinine recovery in CAPD and pre...
Diagnosing Osteoporosis and Determining Bone Strength by DEXA Scan - London Osteoporosis Clinic
QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY, DUAL-ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY AND CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS OF THE FEMUR NECK - ACCURACY AND...
Head, Neck, Trunk, and Pelvis Tissue Mass Predictions for Young Adults Using Anthropometric Measures and Dual-Energy X-Ray...
DEXA Scan - Its Uses And Advantages | Medical Wiki - Medical Jobs, Careers And Information
Bone density scan (DEXA scan)
A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid...
Search
A Prospective, Controlled… - University of Gothenburg, Sweden
MSAC - 1316 - Bone mineral density analyses using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) for persons aged 50 - 69 with specific...
Dexa Scan - GI for Kids
Radiology & Imaging Centres
Pediatric Osteoporosis Workup: Approach Considerations, Lab Studies, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Shotfield Medical Practice - Library - Health A-Z
Assessment of Body Composition Via Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry Bone Densitometry - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Bone Density Scan | DEXA Scan | HCA UK
Author: Bott, Kirsten N. / Subject: food intake and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry / Text Availability: Citation in PubAg -...
Dexa Scan
What is a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) T-score and how is it defined?
Authors Reply | American Society of Nephrology
Houston Methodist Hospital - Imaging - Dexa Scan (Bone Density) | Houston, TX
Bone Health in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection - Infectious Disease Advisor
The Scale Lies: Why The DEXA Scan Is Best | Breaking Muscle AU
Dexa Scan - Celiac.com
South Seminole Hospital Womens Imaging Center
orthINDIA: August 2013
Appropriate Use of DXA Scans in Women Under 65 Years Who do not Meet the Risk Factor Profile for Osteoporosis | Performance...
Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Metabolic, Skeletal, and Cardiovascular Parameters - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Most recent papers with the keyword dual energy bone metastasis | Read by QxMD
Ten-year ban for steroid-prescribing doctor | Australian Doctor
FDA clears Hologic bone density system | Health Imaging
Debate: Is BMI an accurate indicator of obesity?
DEXA Scan - JAX Optimal Imaging
Imaging Solutions | Hologic
Lean body mass: the development and validation of prediction equations in healthy adults | BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology |...
Osteosys
AlgaeCal Reviews with before and after DEXA scans! Learn more about AlgaeCal
AlgaeCal Reviews with before and after DEXA scans! Learn more about AlgaeCal
Indicadores antropométricos de excesso de gordura corporal em mulheres
Patent US6600805 - Method and apparatus for determination of properties of food or feed - Google Patents
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the knee in spinal cord injury: Methodology and correlation with quantitative computed...
Bone Densitometers Market by Technology, End Users & Forecast - 2024 | Transparency Market Research | Table of Content
Accuracy of Longitudinal Assessment of Visceral Adipose Tissue by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Children with Obesity<...
Increased rate of bone loss at the femoral neck in patients with chronic liver disease
Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individuals
Diet, bone mass, and osteocalcin : A cross-sectional study
RePub, Erasmus University Repository:
Bone mineral density and body composition before and during treatment with gonadotropin...
Effects of multiparity and duration of breast-feeding on maternal bone mineral density in post-menopausal Kurdish women: A...
Local Variation in Femoral Neck Cortical Bone: In Vitro Measured Bone Mineral Density, Geometry and Mechanical Properties. -...
Patient assessment using standardized bone mineral density values and a national reference database: implementing uniform...
Early loss of bone mineral density is correlated with a gain of fat mass in patients starting a protease inhibitor containing...
ASCO Provides Guidance on Managing Osteoporosis in Cancer Survivors - The ASCO Post
Bone Densitometry - KPJ Sibu Specialist Medical Centre
Patent US7718400 - Methods of increasing lean tissue mass using OB protein compositions - Google Patents
Indian Journal of Medical Research : Table of Contents
DEXA Scan Assesses Bone Density and Osteoporosis Risk
010-0771 - LOW RES DETECTOR ASSY - HOLOGIC QDR4500 BONE DENSITY
Munin: Changes in bone mineral density over time in patients with self-reported chronic diseases: The Tromsø Study
Prodigy game login page
Abstract P246: Lean Body Mass, Percent Body Fat, and HbA1c in the U.S. Population: The National Health and Nutrition...
Effect Of Strontium on DEXA Scan
Activity, body composition and bone health in children | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Patient Resource Publishing : Cervical Cancer Bone Health ::.
Common Sense Family Doctor: August 2013
Postpubertal development of total and abdominal percentage body fat : an 8-year longitudinal study.
INFANT PRODIGY | Definition of INFANT PRODIGY by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of INFANT PRODIGY
Body composition in 18- to 88-year-old adults-comparison of multifrequency bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry -...
Plus it
Type 2 diabetes and bone by William D. Leslie, Mishaela R. Rubin et al.
Improving Osteoporosis Screening Rates in a Primary Care Practice by Heidi Doreau
Estimating Risk Of Future Bone Fracture Utilizing Three-Dimensional Bone Density Model - Patent application
DIAGNOSIS
Bone mineral density in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: relation between disease severity and low bone mineral density |...
Sex-specific genetic effects influence variation in body composition. - Oxford Big Data Institute
Prodigies synonyms, prodigies antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Sex-specific genetic effects influence variation in body composition. - Nuffield Department of Population Health
Bone Density (DEXA) Scan
Calculate Body Mass Index
broken hip
SMARTPHONE-TAPE METHOD FOR CALCULATING BODY SEGMENT INERTIAL PARAMETER by Jay Sterner
Bone Density Testing | DEXA Scan | Centrelake Imaging & Oncology
Bone Mineral Density: What Is Its Relationship to Heart Disease? | healthPlexus.net
Hologic Announces Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2009 Operati... ( BEDFORD Mass. Nov. 9 /- Hologic Inc. ...)
Hologic, LabCorp gain FDA emergency testing nods - MassDevice
Danielle Laraque-Arena
Normative data using single photon absorptiometry". Pediatric Radiology. 20 (6): 461-463. doi:10.1007/bf02075209. ISSN 0301- ...
Pencil-beam scanning
Ionizing radiation photons or x-rays (IMRT) use pencil beam scanning to precisely target a tumor. Photon pencil beam scans are ... "Dual X-ray absorptiometry: a comparison between fan beam and pencil beam scans". Br J Radiol. 66 (790): 902-6. doi:10.1259/0007 ... Radiation treatment planning mean free path Monte Carlo method for photon transport Hybrid theory for photon transport in ...
Ignac Fogelman
... mainly using dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanners. He was appointed as a ... dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound in clinical practice. Wahner, Heinz W., Fogelman, Ignac, 1948-, Wahner, Heinz W ...
Isotopes of gadolinium
It is used as a gamma ray source for X-ray absorptiometry and fluorescence, for bone density gauges for osteoporosis screening ... In nuclear medicine, it serves to calibrate the equipment needed like single-photon emission computed tomography systems (SPECT ...
Menatetrenone
... minimum effective dose for improving bone mass parameters evaluated by microdensitometry and/or single photon absorptiometry in ...
List of MeSH codes (E05)
... absorptiometry, photon MeSH E05.196.712.224.375 - densitometry, x-ray MeSH E05.196.712.516 - luminescent measurements MeSH ...
List of MeSH codes (E01)
... absorptiometry, photon MeSH E01.370.350.710.710 - radioimmunodetection MeSH E01.370.350.710.715 - radionuclide angiography MeSH ... absorptiometry, photon MeSH E01.370.384.730.710 - radioimmunodetection MeSH E01.370.384.730.715 - radionuclide angiography MeSH ... single-photon MeSH E01.370.350.350.810 - tomography, x-ray computed MeSH E01.370.350.350.810.180 - colonography, computed ... single-photon MeSH E01.370.350.825.805 - tomography, optical MeSH E01.370.350.825.805.500 - tomography, optical coherence MeSH ...
Bone density
Single photon absorptiometry (SPA) Dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) Single energy X-ray ... These tests include: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA) Trabecular bone score Dual X-ray Absorptiometry and Laser ( ... absorptiometry (SEXA) DXA is currently the most widely used, but quantitative ultrasound (QUS) has been described as a more ...
Spectral imaging (radiography)
Photon-counting mammography Photon-counting computed tomography Fredenberg, E. (2018). "Spectral and dual-energy X-ray imaging ... "Measurement of breast density with dual X-ray absorptiometry: Feasibility". Radiology. 223 (2): 554-557. doi:10.1148/radiol. ... Pileup will always be present in photon-counting detectors because of the Poisson distribution of incident photons, but ... As opposed to conventional detectors, which integrate all photon interactions over the exposure time, photon-counting detectors ...
Single photon absorptiometry
Neer, R. M. (1992). "The utility of single-photon absorptiometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry". Journal of Nuclear ... "Single X-ray absorptiometry: Performance characteristics and comparison with single photon absorptiometry". Osteoporosis ... Single photon absorptiometry is a measuring method for bone density invented by John R. Cameron and James A. Sorenson in 1963. ... Single photon absorptiometry (SPA) was developed in 1963 by Steichen et al. In 1976, it was an important tool for quantifying ...
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
One type of DXA scanner uses a cerium filter with a tube voltage of 80 kV, resulting in effective photon energies of about 40 ... Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, or DEXA) is a means of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) using spectral imaging. Two ... The combination of dual X-ray absorptiometry and laser uses the laser to measure the thickness of the region scanned, allowing ... Lewis MK, Blake GM, Fogelman I (January 1994). "Patient dose in dual x-ray absorptiometry". Osteoporos Int. 4 (1): 11-5. doi: ...
John Shepherd (physicist)
He is an expert in the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for quantitative bone and soft tissue imaging, and ... He was the first to develop scintillating vapor-deposited Na(Tl) thin films for photon counting imaging detectors grown with a ... Shepherd designs and develops dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry systems, mammography and 3D optical biomarkers used to evaluate ... "Determining body composition using fan beam dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry". Retrieved 2021-04-04. "Methods and apparatus for ...
Medical physics
... including single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). Sometimes, imaging ... and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. ICRU: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements ICRP: International ...
P DXXSPN
Dual-photon absorptiometry: comparison of bone mineral and soft tissue measurements in vivo with established methods. Am J Clin ... Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Spine (P_DXXSPN). Data File: P_DXXSPN.xpt. First Published: September 2021. Last Revised: NA ... Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most widely accepted method of measuring bone density due in part to its speed, ... Dual X-ray absorptiometry quality control: comparison of visual examination and process-control charts. JBMR 1996; 11:626-37. ...
Code System Concept
Forearm dual energy X-ray photon absorptiometry scan result osteopenic Current Synonym true false ... Forearm dual energy X-ray photon absorptiometry scan result osteopenic (finding). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Forearm ...
Code System Concept
Lumbar spine dual energy X-ray photon absorptiometry scan Z score Current Synonym true false ... Lumbar spine dual energy X-ray photon absorptiometry scan Z score (finding). ... Lumbar spine dual energy X-ray photon absorptiometry scan Z score (finding). ...
Rheumatoid Arthritis Spine Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Factors affecting spine-femur discordance in the percentage of young adult mean on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ... According to some studies, nuclear imaging modalities such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron ...
DXXAG H
Dual-photon absorptiometry: comparison of bone mineral and soft tissue measurements in vivo with established methods. Am J Clin ... Dual X-ray absorptiometry quality control: comparison of visual examination and process-control charts. JBMR 1996; 11:626-37. ... Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Android/Gynoid Measurements (DXXAG_H). Data File: DXXAG_H.xpt. First Published: October 2021 ... Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most widely accepted method of measuring body composition, due in part to its ...
Osteoporosis Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Other than single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA), as discussed above, nuclear medicine is not ... single-photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA), quantitative ultrasonography (QUS), [12] and dual-energy ... What is the role of absorptiometry in the workup of osteoporosis?. What is the role of single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) in ... Radiographic absorptiometry. Absorptiometry is a semiquantitative method of determining BMD. Radiographic absorptiometry is ...
Surgery for Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1) Workup: Imaging Studies, Other Tests,...
A comprehensive analysis using fine-detail radiography, photon absorptiometry, and bone and joint scintigraphy. Radiology. 1975 ...
Osteoporosis Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Other than single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA), as discussed above, nuclear medicine is not ... single-photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA), quantitative ultrasonography (QUS), [12] and dual-energy ... What is the role of absorptiometry in the workup of osteoporosis?. What is the role of single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) in ... Radiographic absorptiometry. Absorptiometry is a semiquantitative method of determining BMD. Radiographic absorptiometry is ...
Osteoporosis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Screening in Men
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). *Quantitative Computed Tomography. *Single-Photon Emission CT ... Precision error of fan-beam dual X-ray absorptiometry scans at the spine, hip, and forearm. J Clin Densitom. 2000 Winter. 3(4): ... BMD = bone mineral density; DXA = dual x-ray absorptiometry; SD = standard deviation; T-score = a measurement expressed in SD ... Correlations between trabecular bone score, measured using anteroposterior dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry acquisition, and 3- ...
Hyperparathyroidism: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Embryology, Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry is a useful tool to demonstrate the skeletal involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism ... 3] Most modern sestamibi scans are performed with single-photon computed tomography (SPECT). This technique (see the image ... What is the role of dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry in the workup of primary hyperparathyroidism, and what protocol may ...
Hyperparathyroidism: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Embryology, Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry is a useful tool to demonstrate the skeletal involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism ... 3] Most modern sestamibi scans are performed with single-photon computed tomography (SPECT). This technique (see the image ... What is the role of dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry in the workup of primary hyperparathyroidism, and what protocol may ...
Hyperparathyroidism: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Embryology, Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry is a useful tool to demonstrate the skeletal involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism ... 3] Most modern sestamibi scans are performed with single-photon computed tomography (SPECT). This technique (see the image ... What is the role of dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry in the workup of primary hyperparathyroidism, and what protocol may ...
Code System Concept
Dual energy X-ray photon absorptiometry scan requested (situation). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Dual energy X-ray ... Dual energy X-ray photon absorptiometry scan requested Current Synonym true false ...
Hyperparathyroidism: Practice Essentials, Anatomy and Embryology, Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry is a useful tool to demonstrate the skeletal involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism ... 3] Most modern sestamibi scans are performed with single-photon computed tomography (SPECT). This technique (see the image ... What is the role of dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry in the workup of primary hyperparathyroidism, and what protocol may ...
Rheumatoid Arthritis Spine Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Factors affecting spine-femur discordance in the percentage of young adult mean on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the ... According to some studies, nuclear imaging modalities such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron ...
Osteoporosis and Spinal Cord Injury: Overview, Pathophysiology, Etiology
A cross sectional study in 46 male patients with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2001. 121(1-2):75-8 ... Protocol for Using Dual Photon Absortiometry to Measure Bone Mineral Density of the Distal femur and Proximal Tibia (Master's ... Use of bone biochemical markers with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for early determination of bone loss in persons with ... Assessment of Bone Mineral Density at the Distal Femur and the Proximal Tibia by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in ...
Single photon absorptiometry - Wikipedia
Neer, R. M. (1992). "The utility of single-photon absorptiometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry". Journal of Nuclear ... "Single X-ray absorptiometry: Performance characteristics and comparison with single photon absorptiometry". Osteoporosis ... Single photon absorptiometry is a measuring method for bone density invented by John R. Cameron and James A. Sorenson in 1963. ... Single photon absorptiometry (SPA) was developed in 1963 by Steichen et al. In 1976, it was an important tool for quantifying ...
Pediatric Hyperparathyroidism: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Osteoporosis Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Other than single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA), as discussed above, nuclear medicine is not ... single-photon absorptiometry (SPA), dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA), quantitative ultrasonography (QUS), [12] and dual-energy ... What is the role of absorptiometry in the workup of osteoporosis?. What is the role of single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) in ... Radiographic absorptiometry. Absorptiometry is a semiquantitative method of determining BMD. Radiographic absorptiometry is ...
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
High intensity interval exercise training in overweight young women
Vitamin K treatment reduces undercarboxylated osteocalcin but does not alter bone turnover, density, or geometry in healthy...
Biblio | Page 2 | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University
Jonas Bloch Thorlund - Research output
- University of Southern Denmark
Björn Rosengren - Research output
- Lund University
DXXAG I
Dual-photon absorptiometry: comparison of bone mineral and soft tissue measurements in vivo with established methods. Am J Clin ... Dual X-ray absorptiometry quality control: comparison of visual examination and process-control charts. JBMR 1996; 11:626-37. ... Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry - Android/Gynoid Measurements (DXXAG_I). Data File: DXXAG_I.xpt. First Published: October 2021 ... Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most widely accepted method of measuring body composition, due in part to its ...
The calcium controversy: finding a middle ground between the extremes.
Four procedures--single photon absorptiometry, dual photon absorptiometry, dual energy radiography, and quantitative computed ... Usefulness of bone mass measurements by photon absorptiometry. Cite CITE. Title : Usefulness of bone mass measurements by ... photon absorptiometry. Personal Author(s) : Hassager, C;Christiansen, C; Published Date : 1989 Sep-Oct;Sep-Oct 1989; Source : ...
Medical Science Monitor | Osteoporosis in a nursing home, determined by the DEXA technique - Article abstract #14159
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a sitting position performed on the heel to determine the T-score, Z-score, BMD, and ... Keywords: Osteoporosis - epidemiology, Absorptiometry, Photon, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Homes for the Aged, ... Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in a sitting position performed on the heel to determine the T-score, Z-score, BMD, and ...
Archived: Osteoporosis: Screening, 2002 | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
... include single photon absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, single-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and peripheral ... single energy x-ray absorptiometry, peripheral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and peripheral quantitative computed ... Evaluation of decision rules for referring women for bone densitometry by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. JAMA 2001;286(1):57 ... Other technologies for measuring peripheral sites include quantitative ultrasonography (QUS), radiographic absorptiometry, ...
Rebecca Barr - Research Outputs - Discovery - the University of Dundee Research Portal
Bone Density Scan: MedlinePlus Medical Test
The most common and accurate way uses a procedure called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, also known as a DEXA scan. The scan ... At the same time, another scanning machine called a photon generator will pass beneath you. The images from the two machines ... Other names: bone mineral density test, BMD test, DEXA scan, DXA; Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry ...
Search Results for "potassium" | Human Kinetics
Fat-Soluble Vitamins - Diet and Health - NCBI Bookshelf
Code System Concept
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scan of wrist (procedure) {708656007 , SNOMED-CT } Single energy X-ray photon absorptiometry ( ... X-ray photon absorptiometry (procedure) {241685002 , SNOMED-CT } Parent/Child (Relationship Type) Dual energy X-ray ... X-ray photon absorptiometry (procedure). Code System Preferred Concept Name. X-ray photon absorptiometry (procedure). ...
Association between COLIA1 Sp1 alleles and femoral neck geometry<...
Filter by: Subject
ABNM Position Statement: Nuclear Medicine Professional Competency and Scope of Practice | Journal of Nuclear Medicine
They are qualified to interpret the entire range of diagnostic studies, including single-photon and positron-emitter ... Basic principles of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, MRI and spectroscopy, ultrasonography, digital autoradiography, and ... Single-photon planar imaging, SPECT, PET, attenuation and scatter corrections, and CT. ...
Biblio | College of Public Health and Human Sciences | Oregon State University
Plus it
Michael Tieland - Research output
- HvA Research Database
Natural Cures for Osteoporosis - NaturalCures.com
Pediatric Hyperparathyroidism: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Fall-related factors and risk of hip fracture: the EPIDOS prospective
Osteoporosis: radiologic and nuclear medicine procedures.
Four procedures--single photon absorptiometry, dual photon absorptiometry, dual energy radiography, and quantitative computed ... Single photon absorptiometry uses the transmission of 27.5 keV photons emitted from an iodine-125 source to assess bone density ... Dual energy photon absorptiometry uses a gadolinium-153 isotope source to emit photons of two different energies. The spine, ... Absorptiometry, Photon Bone And Bones Female Humans Osteoporosis Radionuclide Imaging Research Article Tomography, X-Ray ...
Single-photon10
- Single photon absorptiometry is a measuring method for bone density invented by John R. Cameron and James A. Sorenson in 1963. (wikipedia.org)
- Single photon absorptiometry (SPA) was developed in 1963 by Steichen et al. (wikipedia.org)
- The single photon absorption method operates when a certain amount of gamma rays emitted by isotopes, pass through human tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1963, the single photon absorption Assay (SPA) invented by Cameron and Sorenson was the first quantitative analysis method applied to the diagnosis of osteoporosis. (wikipedia.org)
- The basic principle of single-photon bone mineral density measuring instrument is to calculate the attenuation degree of single-energy gamma photon beam through bone tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- This method is called gamma-ray absorption method, which is also called single-photon absorption method. (wikipedia.org)
- Single photon absorption is the earliest method to measure bone mineral density accurately. (wikipedia.org)
- The thickness of soft tissue measured by single photon absorption method is the same. (wikipedia.org)
- The next improvement in the field of bone mineral density is the single-photon absorption (SPA) method invented by Cameron and Sorenson in 1963. (wikipedia.org)
- dual X-ray absorptiometry of spine, femoral neck, and single photon absorptiometry of forearm) were performed at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months of treatment. (ersjournals.com)
DEXA9
- Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) detects small changes in bone mass by comparing the patient's bone density to that of healthy adults (T score) and to age-matched adults (Z score). (medscape.com)
- [ 12 ] and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). (medscape.com)
- The most common and accurate way uses a procedure called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, also known as a DEXA scan. (medlineplus.gov)
- There are three types of bone density tests: the dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), dual photon absorptiometry (DPA), and the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) test. (naturalcures.com)
- Longitudinal serum bone Gla protein (BGP) determinations and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) examinations were also performed before and after parathyroidectomy. (elsevier.com)
- DEXA stands for dual photon X-ray absorptiometry. (imagecarecenters.com)
- Prior to surgery, blood pressure, blood lipid profile, body composition [by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan], body fat distribution [by computed tomography (CT) scan], and glucose tolerance were determined. (ed.ac.uk)
- The best way to check your bone density is a test called Dual-Photon Absorptiometry or one called Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, called a DEXA scan. (napacachiropractor.com)
- El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, en jugadores de futbol profesional, el ángulo de fase (PhA) de miembros inferiores con los posibles patrones de mejora del componente magro en los mismos medido por DEXA. (bvsalud.org)
Bone9
- BMC (g/cm) can be obtained by synthesizing the measured bone gamma photon absorption energy. (wikipedia.org)
- Single-energy X-ray absorptiometry (SXA) may be used to measure bone density in the heel and forearm. (networkofcare.org)
- Total and regional lean soft tissue, fat mass, and bone mineral density were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. (elsevier.com)
- The TBS and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. (ewha.ac.kr)
- Study Design: This cross-sectional study of 606 women aged 14-30 years examined both OC duration and estrogen dose and their association with bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip, spine, and whole body (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). (elsevier.com)
- Background and objective: The application of different reference databases to calculate the T-score values of the bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry techniques may result in variations in the number of subjects diagnosed with osteoporosis. (pucv.cl)
- DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) is a scan that measures the bone of your spine, hip or your total body. (osteopenia3.com)
- SXA (single Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) measures the density of bone in your wrist or the heel of one foot. (osteopenia3.com)
- Primary outcomes were changes between baseline and nine months of bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur and lumbar spine (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and serum markers of bone resorption and formation. (yang-sheng.com)
Femoral neck2
- METHODS: We assessed femoral-neck BMD by dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry and potential fall-related risk factors, which included self-reported physical capacity, neuromuscular function, mobility, visual function, and use of medication in 7575 women, aged 75 years or older, with no history of hip fracture recruited at five centres in France. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Based on dual X-ray absorptiometry, the primary outcomes were the BMD data of the lumbar spine and proximal femoral neck. (elsevier.com)
Osteoporosis1
- Osteoporosis: Should I Have a Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Test? (networkofcare.org)
Forearm1
- Iodine or Americium gamma photons are used as a light source to penetrate the forearm. (wikipedia.org)
Body Composition2
- Dietary intake was determined by 3-d records, and body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. (elsevier.com)
- Abstract Objective: To present an updated and evidence-based guideline for the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess body composition in clinical practice. (bvsalud.org)
Density1
- BMC and BMD are obtained by calculating the density of photon energy emitted and emitted. (wikipedia.org)
Dual X-ray3
- Dual X-ray absorptiometry was performed to measure appendicular lean mass. (bmj.com)
- Females exhibited higher QUS values than males during puberty, also similar to results for dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (elsevier.com)
- METHODS: We included participants age ≥20 years with BMD (total and subregions) measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry scans and complete information on covariates from NHANES. (ox.ac.uk)
Methods1
- Design and Methods: Physique arrangement ended up being calculated by two electricity X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (gabapathway.com)
Tissue3
- IMSEAR at SEARO: A modified formula for defining tissue phantom ratio of photon beams. (who.int)
- Alam MJ, Rabbani KS, Zakaria GA, Hussain SM, Kiber A, Baig T. A modified formula for defining tissue phantom ratio of photon beams. (who.int)
- Toward a model-based patient selection strategy for proton therapy: External validation of photon-derived normal tissue complication probability models in a head and neck proton therapy cohort. (ouhsc.edu)
Beam1
- The dose in water has been measured at a fixed source-to-surface distance (SSD) of 100 cm and reference depth of 5 cm for 6 MV photon beam of Siemens Linear Accelerator Primus 11 in German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. (who.int)
Energy6
- The expensive and potentially dangerous radioactive sources used in SPA and DPA have been replaced by single X-ray absorptiometry (SXA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) since the late 1980s. (wikipedia.org)
- Users of the 2015-2016 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry android/gynoid data (DXXAG_I) are encouraged to read the documentation before accessing the data file. (cdc.gov)
- Peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (P-DXA) machines are portable units that can be used in a doctor's office. (networkofcare.org)
- All 4,066 postmenopausal women (mean age 62.6 years) from the fourth and fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011), who completed the questionnaire about coffee consumption and had data of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) examination. (duke.edu)
- 3) dual energy x-ray absorptiometry dual photon absorptiometry and more recently, d e x a were the first techniques available to study variation in the b m c of the body (lohman, 1992). (enfes.de)
- In another study correction for signal loss, spectral shift of photon energy spectra and calibration in equivalent media was done for rats injected with 131I-labelled 194 4 Mechanical Properties of the Body their active and passive properties. (allforexindicators.com)
Tests2
- First, they assess the symptoms and then request tests, such as x-rays and photon absorptiometry. (healthandfitnessposts.com)
- The photon tests help the expert to spot decreases in minerals. (healthandfitnessposts.com)
Total1
- La intervención se llevó a cabo en su totalidad en pretemporada, con un confinamiento en modalidad de aislamiento o burbuja total por prevención al contagio del COVID-19, dónde se monitorizaba en un alto porcentaje la vida del jugador, incluyendo factores como la alimentación, el entrenamiento y el descanso. (bvsalud.org)
Locate1
- Two-photon microscopy was applied to locate DCs inside stomach lamina propria involving rodents. (gabapathway.com)
Single photon5
- dual X-ray absorptiometry of spine, femoral neck, and single photon absorptiometry of forearm) were performed at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months of treatment. (ersjournals.com)
- We measured bone mineral content (BMC) with single photon absorptiometry in two groups of young patients with type I diabetes: the first group (prospective study) consists of 48 patients followed from onset to the third year of diabetes and the second group (cross-sectional study) consists of 66 long-term diabetics. (elsevier.com)
- Single photon absorptiometry osteoporotic fracture is considerable. (eddoctor24h.com)
- BMD was measured at the lumbar spine by dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) and at the non-dominant forearm by single-photon absorptiometry (SPA). (osteoporosis-studies.com)
- Measurement of the bone mineral content in the forearms (single photon absorptiometry), and the spine and total skeleton (dual photon absorptiometry) showed a significant decrease of five to seven percent in the placebo group during the two years of treatment, whereas it remained constant in all bone compartments in the estradiol group. (medstudio.com)
Computed tomography1
- Furthermore, we compared the usefulness of various abdominal obesity indices measured using computed tomography (CT), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric parameters for detecting NAFLD. (elsevier.com)
Adipose Tissue2
- The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and biomarkers of lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in persons with chronic SCI. (umn.edu)
- Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry enables the assessment of bone mineral density as well as lean and adipose tissue mass [ 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
Lumbar5
- Prior to the initial diagnosis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to test the bone mineral density of lumbar spine and femur, with the measured values being adopted as diagnosis and inclusion criteria. (scirp.org)
- Femoral and lumbar vertebral bone mineral density was determined ex vivo using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. (unboundmedicine.com)
- We investigated the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck, and performed a hip structure analysis (HSA) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) during a 48-week treatment with teriparatide (20 µg/day). (esmed.org)
- Forty-three female patients with systemic sclerosis divided into subgroups based on the extent of skin involvement and the presence of calcinosis, and 50 sex and age-matched healthy controls were investigated for bone mineral density (BMD) on the basis of radial (dual photon absorptiometry, Osteograph, NIM), lumbar, and total body measurements (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Lunar DPX, Lunar Corp.), and for parameters of calcium metabolism. (univr.it)
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been a widespread tool for the assessment of bone health since its introduction in 1987, particularly scans performed in the lumbar spine and hip regions 11 , 13 , 19 . (jove.com)
Gadolinium-1531
- Dual photon X-ray absorptiometry (DPA) machines contain an isotope, gadolinium-153, as the source of photons. (ce4rt.com)
Spectroscopy2
- The present study assessed agreement between two field methods, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and corrected arm muscle area (CAMA) for assessment of body composition against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the reference technique. (edu.au)
- Secondary aims were to explore relationships between arm segment volumes, bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) measurements of extracellular fluid (ECF), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of tissue composition. (edu.au)
Mineral content1
- To describe the tempo of growth in regional bone size, bone mineral content (BMC), and vBMD, we measured bone length, periosteal and endocortical diameters, BMC, and vBMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 184 boys aged between 7 and 17 years. (austin.org.au)
Dual17
- Dual photon X-ray absorptiometry (DPA) technology is now largely of academic interest. (ce4rt.com)
- In contrast, dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) devices incorporate an X-Ray tube. (ce4rt.com)
- Therefore, dual photon X-ray absorptiometry is actually a misnomer. (ce4rt.com)
- Dual photon X-ray absorptiometry equipment consists of a collimated gadolinium source and scintillation detector assembly mounted in opposing geometry over a full-body table. (ce4rt.com)
- If the patient has taken any contrast material or undergone any radioactive studies within 3-5 days, the dual photon X-ray absorptiometry test should be rescheduled. (ce4rt.com)
- The dual photon X-ray absorptiometry device features automatic edge detection software, but the operator can manually override this to correct errors. (ce4rt.com)
- To maintain the accuracy and precision of dual-photon absorptiometry machines, strict quality control must be performed. (ce4rt.com)
- Like any imaging modality, dual photon X-ray absorptiometry has some advantages and some limitations. (ce4rt.com)
- Moreover, the gadolinium source in dual photon X-ray absorptiometry machines decays over time. (ce4rt.com)
- 40 years) male soldiers, compared to percent body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. (nih.gov)
- Users of the 2017-2018 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry android/gynoid data (DXXAG_J) are encouraged to read the documentation before accessing the data file. (cdc.gov)
- We have shown that body mass index (BMI) misclassifies adiposity status in nearly one-third of individuals compared to the more accurate reference method, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (mun.ca)
- We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure FFM and BIA to measure whole-body impedance at 50 kHz (Z50) in 34 women and 21 men with PWS. (elsevier.com)
- Volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual photon x-ray absorptiometry and water immersion. (bris.ac.uk)
- 1) What is Dual-photon absorptiometry (DXA) test for? (essaysassignments.com)
- Data on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning, use of steroids, bisphosphonates, calcium, and vitamin D, as well as blood chemistries were collected. (weillcornell.org)
- This paper provides a protocol for the anatomical orientation and analysis of skeletal remains for scanning via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (jove.com)
Sensitivity1
- PET imaging is a high-technology product but still has certain limitations related to various factors such as the noncollinearity of 511-keV photons, positron range, and parallax error, which affect its sensitivity and spatial resolution in detecting small lesions ( 1 - 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
Test1
- L'analyse par régression logistique a été utilisée pour établir la présence de différences significatives du point de vue statistique entre les six centres de transplantation en regard de la décision d'effectuer au moins un test de DMO à la suite d'une greffe rénale. (biomedcentral.com)
Replacement1
- Replacement of the photon source costs thousands of dollars, adding to the cost of machine maintenance. (ce4rt.com)
Range1
- PET imaging is based on detecting 2 simultaneously released 511-keV photons after a positron (emitted from the injected radiotracer in the body) moves in the tissue for a distance (positron range) until it reaches rest mass and then collides with a tissue electron, causing an annihilation reaction. (snmjournals.org)