Abducens nerve diseases. Medical search

Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.

The 6th cranial nerve which originates in the ABDUCENS NUCLEUS of the PONS and sends motor fibers to the lateral rectus muscles of the EYE. Damage to the nerve or its nucleus disrupts horizontal eye movement control.

Traumatic injury to the abducens, or sixth, cranial nerve. Injury to this nerve results in lateral rectus muscle weakness or paralysis. The nerve may be damaged by closed or penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA or by facial trauma involving the orbit.

Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.

A syndrome associated with defective sympathetic innervation to one side of the face, including the eye. Clinical features include MIOSIS; mild BLEPHAROPTOSIS; and hemifacial ANHIDROSIS (decreased sweating)(see HYPOHIDROSIS). Lesions of the BRAIN STEM; cervical SPINAL CORD; first thoracic nerve root; apex of the LUNG; CAROTID ARTERY; CAVERNOUS SINUS; and apex of the ORBIT may cause this condition. (From Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, pp500-11)

Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. Anosmia may be associated with NEOPLASMS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; inherited conditions; toxins; METABOLIC DISEASES; tobacco abuse; and other conditions. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp229-31)

Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate.

Diseases of the tenth cranial nerve, including brain stem lesions involving its nuclei (solitary, ambiguus, and dorsal motor), nerve fascicles, and intracranial and extracranial course. Clinical manifestations may include dysphagia, vocal cord weakness, and alterations of parasympathetic tone in the thorax and abdomen.

An irregularly shaped venous space in the dura mater at either side of the sphenoid bone.

A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.

The dense rock-like part of temporal bone that contains the INNER EAR. Petrous bone is located at the base of the skull. Sometimes it is combined with the MASTOID PROCESS and called petromastoid part of temporal bone.

The 4th cranial nerve. The trochlear nerve carries the motor innervation of the superior oblique muscles of the eye.

Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p270)

A dull or sharp painful sensation associated with the outer or inner structures of the eyeball, having different causes.

Paralysis of one or more of the ocular muscles due to disorders of the eye muscles, neuromuscular junction, supporting soft tissue, tendons, or innervation to the muscles.

Diseases of the twelfth cranial (hypoglossal) nerve or nuclei. The nuclei and fascicles of the nerve are located in the medulla, and the nerve exits the skull via the hypoglossal foramen and innervates the muscles of the tongue. Lower brain stem diseases, including ischemia and MOTOR NEURON DISEASES may affect the nuclei or nerve fascicles. The nerve may also be injured by diseases of the posterior fossa or skull base. Clinical manifestations include unilateral weakness of tongue musculature and lingual dysarthria, with deviation of the tongue towards the side of weakness upon attempted protrusion.

The 3d cranial nerve. The oculomotor nerve sends motor fibers to the levator muscles of the eyelid and to the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles of the eye. It also sends parasympathetic efferents (via the ciliary ganglion) to the muscles controlling pupillary constriction and accommodation. The motor fibers originate in the oculomotor nuclei of the midbrain.

The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.

Pathological processes of the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE, including the branches of COCHLEAR NERVE and VESTIBULAR NERVE. Common examples are VESTIBULAR NEURITIS, cochlear neuritis, and ACOUSTIC NEUROMA. Clinical signs are varying degree of HEARING LOSS; VERTIGO; and TINNITUS.

Diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include loss of sensation from the pharynx, decreased salivation, and syncope. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia refers to a condition that features recurrent unilateral sharp pain in the tongue, angle of the jaw, external auditory meatus and throat that may be associated with SYNCOPE. Episodes may be triggered by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressure on the tragus of the ear. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1390)

Benign and malignant neoplasms that arise from one or more of the twelve cranial nerves.

Filarial infection of the eyes transmitted from person to person by bites of Onchocerca volvulus-infected black flies. The microfilariae of Onchocerca are thus deposited beneath the skin. They migrate through various tissues including the eye. Those persons infected have impaired vision and up to 20% are blind. The incidence of eye lesions has been reported to be as high as 30% in Central America and parts of Africa.

Diseases of the trigeminal nerve or its nuclei, which are located in the pons and medulla. The nerve is composed of three divisions: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, which provide sensory innervation to structures of the face, sinuses, and portions of the cranial vault. The mandibular nerve also innervates muscles of mastication. Clinical features include loss of facial and intra-oral sensation and weakness of jaw closure. Common conditions affecting the nerve include brain stem ischemia, INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS, and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA.

Diseases of the eleventh cranial (spinal accessory) nerve. This nerve originates from motor neurons in the lower medulla (accessory portion of nerve) and upper spinal cord (spinal portion of nerve). The two components of the nerve join and exit the skull via the jugular foramen, innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which become weak or paralyzed if the nerve is injured. The nerve is commonly involved in MOTOR NEURON DISEASE, and may be injured by trauma to the posterior triangle of the neck.

Fractures which extend through the base of the SKULL, usually involving the PETROUS BONE. Battle's sign (characterized by skin discoloration due to extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue behind the ear and over the mastoid process), CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES, TRAUMATIC; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA are relatively frequent sequelae of this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p876)

Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.

The 5th and largest cranial nerve. The trigeminal nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve. The larger sensory part forms the ophthalmic, mandibular, and maxillary nerves which carry afferents sensitive to external or internal stimuli from the skin, muscles, and joints of the face and mouth and from the teeth. Most of these fibers originate from cells of the TRIGEMINAL GANGLION and project to the TRIGEMINAL NUCLEUS of the brain stem. The smaller motor part arises from the brain stem trigeminal motor nucleus and innervates the muscles of mastication.

A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)

A syndrome characterized by marked limitation of abduction of the eye, variable limitation of adduction and retraction of the globe, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on attempted adduction. The condition is caused by aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus by fibers of the OCULOMOTOR NERVE.

A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Diseases of the fourth cranial (trochlear) nerve or its nucleus in the midbrain. The nerve crosses as it exits the midbrain dorsally and may be injured along its course through the intracranial space, cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, or orbit. Clinical manifestations include weakness of the superior oblique muscle which causes vertical DIPLOPIA that is maximal when the affected eye is adducted and directed inferiorly. Head tilt may be seen as a compensatory mechanism for diplopia and rotation of the visual axis. Common etiologies include CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and INFRATENTORIAL NEOPLASMS.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

Recording of nystagmus based on changes in the electrical field surrounding the eye produced by the difference in potential between the cornea and the retina.

Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.

The outermost of the three MENINGES, a fibrous membrane of connective tissue that covers the brain and the spinal cord.

The infratentorial compartment that contains the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM. It is formed by the posterior third of the superior surface of the body of the sphenoid (SPHENOID BONE), by the occipital, the petrous, and mastoid portions of the TEMPORAL BONE, and the posterior inferior angle of the PARIETAL BONE.

The inferior region of the skull consisting of an internal (cerebral), and an external (basilar) surface.

Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).

A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.

A neoplasm that arises from SCHWANN CELLS of the cranial, peripheral, and autonomic nerves. Clinically, these tumors may present as a cranial neuropathy, abdominal or soft tissue mass, intracranial lesion, or with spinal cord compression. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, highly vascular, and composed of a homogenous pattern of biphasic fusiform-shaped cells that may have a palisaded appearance. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp964-5)

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.

Twelve pairs of nerves that carry general afferent, visceral afferent, special afferent, somatic efferent, and autonomic efferent fibers.

The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A relatively common neoplasm of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that arises from arachnoidal cells. The majority are well differentiated vascular tumors which grow slowly and have a low potential to be invasive, although malignant subtypes occur. Meningiomas have a predilection to arise from the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoidal ridge, olfactory groove, and SPINAL CANAL. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2056-7)

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.

Hospitals controlled by agencies and departments of the U.S. federal government.

Gradenigo's syndrome. (1/84)

Gradenigo's syndrome, which is characterised by the triad of suppurative otitis media, pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, and abducens nerve palsy may give rise to potentially fatal complications. Knowledge of the aetiology and appropriate investigations can lead to early diagnosis. A case is reported which illustrates this. (+info)

Transsphenoidal computer-navigation-assisted deflation of a balloon after endovascular occlusion of a direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula. (2/84)

SUMMARY: A 49-year-old woman with a direct posttraumatic carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) was treated with detachable balloons via a transcarotid route. After the procedure, her intracranial bruit, conjunctival injection, and orbital congestion were cured, but the preexistent sixth nerve palsy deteriorated. CT showed one balloon positioned in the posterior portion of the right cavernous sinus and was regarded to be responsible for nerve compression. After surgical exposure by use of a transnasal-transsphenoidal approach under 3D navigation control, this balloon was deflated by puncture with a 22-gauge needle. The previously described symptoms resolved after balloon deflation. This report presents a rare complication of endovascular treatment of direct CCF and a new microsurgical approach to a balloon in a case of nerve compression. (+info)

Giant ocular nerve neurofibroma of the cavernous sinus: a series of 5 cases. (3/84)

Five cases of giant cavernous sinus neurofibroma arising from the ocular cranial nerves are reported. These patients collected over a period of 5 years consisted of 3 males and 2 females with an age range of 9 to 40 years and a mean of 20.6 years. Clinically, all patients presented with ocular palsies over a long period (mean 3.4 years). All of them underwent a frontotemporal craniotomy along with an orbito-zygomatic osteotomy and excision of the tumour. In patients with extension of the tumour into the orbit, the superior orbital fissure was drilled, the tenon's capsule was cut and the intraorbital portion was excised. The management of these tumours is discussed and the literature reviewed. (+info)

Abduction paresis with rostral pontine and/or mesencephalic lesions: Pseudoabducens palsy and its relation to the so-called posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia of Lutz. (4/84)

BACKGROUND: The existence of a prenuclear abduction paresis is still debated. METHODS: In a retrospective design, we identified 22 patients with isolated unilateral (n = 20) or bilateral (n = 2) abduction paresis and electrophysiologic abnormalities indicating rostral pontine and/or mesencephalic lesions. Another 11 patients had unilateral abduction paresis with additional ocular motor abnormalities indicating midbrain dysfunction. Eight of these 11 patients also had electrophysiological abnormalities supporting this location. Electrophysiological examinations in all patients included masseter and blink reflexes (MassR, BlinkR), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and direct current elctro-oculography (EOG). RESULTS: Unilateral MassR abnormalities in patients with unilateral abduction paresis were seen in 17 patients and were almost always (in 16 of 17 patients) on the side of the abduction paresis. Another 11 patients had bilateral MassR abnormalities. BlinkR was always normal. EOG disclosed slowed abduction saccades in the non-paretic eye in 6 patients and slowed saccades to the side opposite to the abduction paresis in another 5 patients. Re-examinations were done in 27 patients showing normalization or improvement of masseter reflex abnormalities in 18 of 20 patients and in all patients with EOG abnormalities. This was always associated with clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Electrophysiologically documented or clinically evident rostral pontine and/or mesencephalic lesions in our patients exclude an infranuclear intrapontine 6th nerve lesion and indicate the existence of an abduction paresis of prenuclear origin. An increased tone of the antagonistic medial rectus muscle during lateral gaze either by abnormal convergence or impaired medial rectus inhibition seems most likely. (+info)

Idiopathic giant cell granulomatous hypophysitis with hypopituitarism, right abducens nerve paresis and masked diabetes insipidus. (5/84)

A 38-year-old man presented with headache, fever, and double vision associated with right abducens nerve paresis. He had neither nuchal rigidity nor visual field defect. Laboratory data revealed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), eosinophilia, and lymphocytic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Provocation tests of pituitary hormones showed partial hypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed swelling of the hypophysis and a mass lesion expanding into the right cavernous sinus. The supplement dose of dexamethasone for hypothalamic hypocortisolism manifested diabetes insipidus. Biopsy, carried out through the transsphenoidal approach, revealed giant cell granuloma. Systemic granulomatous diseases were ruled out, and the lesion was considered to be idiopathic giant cell granulomatous hypophysitis. Right abducens nerve paresis, diabetes insipidus and dysfunction of the anterior lobe were amended by the treatment with prednisolone for 4 months, and findings of the pituitary gland and stalk were normalized. The present case shows that glucocorticoid has an effect on amendment of idiopathic giant cell granulomatous hypophysitis. (+info)

Primitive trigeminal artery variant aneurysm treated with Guglielmi detachable coils--case report. (6/84)

A 69-year-old woman had suffered from diplopia on right lateral gaze for the last 4 months due to right abducens nerve paresis. Right carotid angiography showed a cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm of 17 x 16 x 14 mm size and a primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) variant supplying the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Intraluminal occlusion of the aneurysm was performed with 15 Guglielmi detachable coils. The flow of the PTA variant and the ICA was preserved. Right abducens nerve paresis improved partially. PTA variant is a primitive artery originating from the cavernous ICA supplying the cerebellum without opacification of the basilar artery. Only four of the 67 cases of PTA variant were associated with an aneurysm of the PTA variant. The possibility of this rare association should be considered when treating cavernous portion aneurysm because of the risk of cerebellar ischemia. (+info)

Isolated abducens nerve paresis associated with incomplete Horner's syndrome caused by petrous apex fracture--case report and anatomical study. (7/84)

A 17-year-old male presented with a wound on the right temporal region, oozing hemorrhagic necrotic brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, following a fall. Computed tomography showed temporoparietal and petrous apex fractures on the right. Neurological examination revealed abducens nerve paresis, ptosis, and myosis on the right side. The patient was treated surgically for the removal of the free bony fragments at the fracture site and to close the dural tear. The abducens nerve paresis, ptosis, and myosis persisted at the 3rd monthly postoperative follow-up examination. The anatomy of the abducens nerve at the petroclival region was studied in four cadaveric heads. Two silicone-injected heads were used for microsurgical dissections and two for histological sections. The abducens nerve has three different angulations in the petroclival region, located at the dural entrance porus, the petrous apex, and the lateral wall of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery. The abducens nerve had fine anastomoses with the trigeminal nerve and the periarterial sympathetic plexus. There were fibrous connections extending inside the venous space of the petroclival area. The abducens nerve seems to be vulnerable to damage in the petroclival region, either directly by trauma to its dural porus and petrous apex or indirectly by stretching of the nerve through the nervous and/or fibrous connections. Concurrent functional loss of the abducens nerve and the periarterial sympathetic plexus clinically manifested as incomplete Horner's syndrome in our patient. (+info)

Adaptations and deficits in the vestibulo-ocular reflex after sixth nerve palsy. (8/84)

PURPOSE: The effects of paralytic strabismus on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) have not been systematically investigated in humans. The purpose of this study was to analyze the VOR in patients with unilateral peripheral sixth nerve palsy. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with unilateral peripheral sixth nerve palsy (6 severe, 7 moderate, 8 mild) and 15 normal subjects were studied. Subjects made sinusoidal +/-10 degrees head-on-body rotations in yaw and pitch at approximately 0.5 and 2 Hz, and in roll at approximately 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz. Eye movement recordings were obtained using magnetic scleral search coils in each eye in darkness and during monocular viewing in light. Static torsional VOR gains, defined as change in torsional eye position divided by change in head position during sustained head roll, were also measured. RESULTS: In all patients, horizontal VOR gains in darkness were decreased in the paretic eye in both abduction and adduction, but remained normal in the nonparetic eye in both directions. In light, horizontal visually enhanced VOR (VVOR) gains were normal in both eyes in moderate and mild palsy. In severe palsy, horizontal VVOR gains remained low in the paretic eye during viewing with either eye, whereas those in the nonparetic eye were higher than normal when the paretic eye viewed. Vertical VOR and VVOR were normal, but dynamic and static torsional VOR and VVOR gains were reduced in both eyes in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: In darkness, horizontal VOR gains were reduced during abduction of the paretic eye in all patients, as anticipated in sixth nerve palsy. Gains were also reduced during adduction of the paretic eye, suggesting that innervation to the medial rectus has changed. After severe palsy, vision did not increase abducting or adducting horizontal VVOR gains to normal in the paretic eye, but caused secondary increase in VVOR gains to values above unity in the nonparetic eye, when the paretic eye fixated. In mild and moderate palsy, vision enhanced the VOR in the paretic eye but caused no change in the nonparetic eye, suggesting a monocular readjustment of innervation selectively to the paretic eye. Vertical VOR and VVOR gains were normal, indicating that the lateral rectus did not have significant vertical actions through the excursions that we tested (+/-10 degrees ). Reduced torsional VOR gains in the paretic eye can be explained by the esotropia in sixth nerve palsy. Torsional VOR gain normally varies with vergence. We attribute the reduced torsional gains in the paretic eye to the mechanism that normally lowers it during convergence. The low torsional gains in the nonparetic eye may be an adaptation to reduce torsional disparity between the two eyes. (+info)

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is an idiopathic granulomatous disease that causes painful oculomotor (especially sixth nerve) palsies. ... The abducens nerve (or abducent nerve) is the sixth cranial nerve (CNVI), in humans, that controls the movement of the lateral ... The human abducens nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic pons. The abducens nerve supplies the lateral rectus ... The abducens nerve carries axons of type GSE, general somatic efferent. Damage to the peripheral part of the abducens nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abducens_nerve

Eyes Oculomotor nerve palsy - Oculomotor nerve (III) Fourth nerve palsy - Trochlear nerve (IV) Sixth nerve palsy - Abducens ... The facial nerve is the seventh of 12 cranial nerves. This cranial nerve controls the muscles in the face. Facial nerve palsy ... Facial nerve (VII) (More on facial nerve palsy below) Accessory nerve disorder - Accessory nerve (XI) Pavlou, E., Gkampeta, A ... Cranial nerve disease is an impaired functioning of one of the twelve cranial nerves. Although it could theoretically be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerve_disease

... and headache with occasional abducens nerve paresis, absence of a space-occupying lesion or ventricular enlargement, and normal ... Rates of disease in the developing world are unclear. Lupus is Latin for "wolf": the disease was so-named in the 13th century ... Genetic studies of the rates of disease in families supports the genetic basis of this disease with a heritability of >66%. ... SLE is regarded as a prototype disease due to the significant overlap in its symptoms with other autoimmune diseases. Drug- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupus

Münchener mediznische Wochenschrift, 1888 - On congenital facial paralysis of the abducens nerve. Die Basedowsche Krankheit. In ... Moebius had only made one, on the causes of diseases based classification of nervous and mental diseases. Its subdivision in ... In the long term Möbius thus paved to way for eugenics and the crimes of psychiatric and neurological disease in German Nazism ... His name is associated with Möbius syndrome, a disease he identified as "nuclear atrophy". This is a rare type of palsy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Julius_Möbius

... , or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (the abducens nerve ... Congenital fourth nerve palsy "Sixth nerve palsy , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". ... The unilateral abducens nerve palsy is the most common of the isolated ocular motor nerve palsies. The nerve dysfunction ... fibers of the seventh cranial nerve wrap around the VIth nerve nucleus, and, if this is also affected, a VIth nerve palsy with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_nerve_palsy

The relevant cranial nerves (specifically the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens), as in cavernous sinus syndrome or raised ... The orbit of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in Graves' disease. The muscle, as in progressive ... The brainstem nuclei of these nerves, as in certain patterns of brainstem stroke such as Foville's syndrome. White matter ... It is a physical finding in certain neurologic, ophthalmologic, and endocrine disease. Internal ophthalmoplegia means ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoparesis

In general, these diseases affect other cranial nerves as well. Isolated damage to the fourth nerve is uncommon in these ... edema-will affect the fourth nerve, but the abducens nerve (VI) is usually affected first (producing horizontal diplopia, not ... The trochlear nerve (/ˈtrɒklɪər/), also called the fourth cranial nerve or CN IV, is a motor nerve (a somatic efferent nerve) ... The trochlear nerve is unique among the cranial nerves in several respects: It is the smallest nerve in terms of the number of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlear_nerve

... is a neurological disease characterized as intense nerve pain radiating from the spine. The disease is caused by an infection ... Symptoms may include facial paralysis, abducens palsy, anorexia, tiredness, headache, double vision, paraesthesia, and erythema ... The disease was first reported in 1941 by German neurologist, Alfred Bannwarth, who described the main symptoms as intense ... Tick-borne disease Hindfelt, B.; Jeppsson, P. G.; Nilsson, B.; Olsson, J. E.; Ryberg, B.; Sörnäs, R. (1982-10-01). "Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytic_meningoradiculitis

Absence of the abducens nucleus and nerve (cranial nerve VI) Abnormal eye movement due to the lateral rectus muscle being ... These evaluations will be used to determine the extent of the disease as well as the needs of the individual. Eyes - Complete ... MRI imaging can be used to detect whether the abducens nerve is present. Typically, treatment for this condition requires a ... After being diagnosed, there are other evaluations that one may go through in order to determine the extent of the disease. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane-radial_ray_syndrome

... and headache with occasional abducens nerve paresis, absence of a space-occupying lesion or ventricular enlargement, and normal ... SLE is regarded as a prototype disease due to the significant overlap in its symptoms with other autoimmune diseases.[49] This ... Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used preventively to reduce the ... Rates of disease in the developing world are unclear.[6] Lupus is Latin for "wolf": the disease was so-named in the 13th ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_lupus_erythematosus

Abducens Nerve Palsy at eMedicine "Barton, J., & Goodwin, J. (2001). Horizontal Gaze Palsy". Medlink.com. Retrieved 2013-07-07 ... A lesion, which is an abnormality in tissue due to injury or disease, can disrupt the transmission of signals from the brain to ... Nonselective horizontal gaze palsies are caused by lesions in the Abducens nucleus. This is where the cranial nerve VI leaves ... Lesions anywhere in the abducens nucleus, cranial nerve VI neurons, or interneurons can affect eye movement towards the side of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_gaze_palsy

... optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.292.225.800.500 - optic nerve glioma MeSH C10.292.262.200 - abducens nerve injury MeSH C10.292. ... lewy body disease MeSH C10.228.140.079.862.500 - parkinson disease MeSH C10.228.140.079.862.800 - parkinson disease, secondary ... cranial nerve injuries MeSH C10.900.300.218.150 - abducens nerve injury MeSH C10.900.300.218.300 - facial nerve injuries MeSH ... optic nerve injuries MeSH C10.292.700.500 - optic nerve neoplasms MeSH C10.292.700.500.500 - optic nerve glioma MeSH C10.292. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C10)

... the abducens nerve (sixth nerve) is involved. This nerve supplies the muscle that pulls the eye outward. Those with sixth nerve ... chronic kidney disease, and Behçet's disease. The cause of IIH is not known. The Monro-Kellie rule states that the intracranial ... More rarely, the oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve (third and fourth nerve palsy, respectively) are affected; both play a ... The facial nerve (seventh cranial nerve) is affected occasionally -- the result is total or partial weakness of the muscles of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension

The nuclei or bodies of these nerves are found in the brain stem. The nuclei of the abducens and oculomotor nerves are ... Certain diseases of the pulleys (heterotopy, instability, and hindrance of the pulleys) cause particular patterns of incomitant ... Hence the subsequent nerve supply (innervation) of the eye muscles is from three cranial nerves. The development of the ... Nerves of the orbit. Seen from above. Figure showing the mode of innervation of the Recti medialis and lateralis of the eye. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraocular_muscles

The nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) are located ... Diseases of the brainstem can result in abnormalities in the function of cranial nerves that may lead to visual disturbances, ... From this junction, CN VI (abducens nerve), CN VII (facial nerve) and CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) emerge. At the level of ... Oculomotor nerve nucleus: This is the third cranial nerve nucleus. Trochlear nerve nucleus: This is the fourth cranial nerve. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstem

... the abducens nerve (sixth nerve) is involved. This nerve supplies the muscle that pulls the eye outward. Those with sixth nerve ... "Archives of Disease in Childhood. 78 (1): 89-94. doi:10.1136/adc.78.1.89. PMC 1717437. PMID 9534686.. ... More rarely, the oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve (third and fourth nerve palsy, respectively) are affected; both play a ... The increased pressure leads to compression and traction of the cranial nerves, a group of nerves that arise from the brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_Intracranial_Hypertension

... the optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve ( ... Trauma to the skull, disease of bone, such as Paget's disease, and injury to nerves during surgery are other causes of nerve ... The oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), abducens nerve (VI) and the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1) ... and trochlear nerve (IV); the pons has the nuclei of the trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve (VII) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerves

Abducens (6th nerve), Trochlear (4th nerve), and Oculomotor (3rd nerve). After nerve trauma around the eye, a combination of ... Potential causes include improper healing after nerve trauma or neurodegeneration, as occurs in Parkinson's disease. In ... This is an interaction between the abducens nerve and a branch of the oculomotor nerve. Voluntary activation of the abducens ... Moreover, while the abducens and the trochlear nerve each innervate one specific muscle, the oculomotor nerve has many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synkinesis

Because increased intracranial pressure can cause both papilledema and a sixth (abducens) nerve palsy, papilledema can be ... Eye > Diseases of the Optic Nerve v t e. ... Inflammation of the optic nerve head is called "papillitis" or ... Retrobulbar neuritis, an inflamed optic nerve, but with a normal-appearing nerve head, is associated with pain and the other ... "intraocular optic neuritis"; inflammation of the orbital portion of the nerve is called "retrobulbar optic neuritis" or " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_papillitis

... fifth cranial nerve), abducens nerve palsy (sixth cranial nerve) otitis media Other symptoms can include photophobia, excessive ... medical imaging such as CT or MRI of the head may show changes that confirm disease involvement of the petrous apex of temporal ... retroorbital pain due to pain in the area supplied by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradenigo's_syndrome

... abducens nucleus (VI) lower down in the pons: facial nerve nucleus (VII) lower down in the pons: vestibulocochlear nuclei ( ... Central pontine myelinolysis is a demyelinating disease that causes difficulty with sense of balance, walking, sense of touch, ... A number of cranial nerve nuclei are present in the pons: mid-pons: the 'chief' or 'pontine' nucleus of the trigeminal nerve ... the spinal and principal trigeminal nerve nuclei, which form the general somatic afferent column (GSA) of the trigeminal nerve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pons

Lateral expansion of a pituitary adenoma can also compress the abducens nerve, causing a lateral rectus palsy. Also, a ... The disease which is often also associated with gigantism, is difficult to diagnose in the early stages and is frequently ... Hyperpituitarism is a disease of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is usually caused by a functional pituitary ... Cushing's disease may cause fatigue, weight gain, fatty deposits around the abdomen and lower back (truncal obesity) and face ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_adenoma

Parkinson's Disease, depression and slow wave epilepsy, a group of diseases known as 'thalamocortical dysrhythmias'. His ... on spinal cord and peripheral nerve (C2 nerve) investigating dACC implants for alcohol addiction and OCD. "DSM staff profile". ... For example, his translational work includes: investigating microvascular decompression for abducens spasm, as well as for ... The focus of his research is to understand the common mechanisms of different diseases such as pain, tinnitus, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk_De_Ridder_(neurosurgeon)

... including the sixth and seventh cranial nerves and fibers of the corticospinal tract. Paralysis of the abducens (CN VI) leads ... who described the disease in a medical paper one year later. Cerebral softening Anatomy 530a at UWO (Functional Neuroanatomy) ... and disruption of the facial nerves (CN VII) leads to symptoms including flaccid paralysis of the muscles of facial expression ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard–Gubler_syndrome

The sixth nerve, the abducens nerve, which innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye (moves the eye laterally), is also ... As the disease progresses, neuronal dysfunction correlates closely with the development of blood vessel abnormalities, such as ... When cranial nerves are affected, neuropathies of the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve #3 or CNIII) are most common. The ... Longer nerve fibers are affected to a greater degree than shorter ones because nerve conduction velocity is slowed in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetic_neuropathy

The fourth (trochlear) and sixth (abducens) cranial nerves are located in the same compartment and can cause diagonal or ... The first case of the disease was recorded in 1898. The initial symptoms of pituitary apoplexy are related to the increased ... The visual loss depends on which part of the nerve is affected. If the part of the nerve between the eye and the chiasm is ... In half of these cases, the oculomotor nerve (the third cranial nerve), which controls a number of eye muscles, is affected. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pituitary_apoplexy

闭孔内肌神经（英语：Obturator internus nerve）. *梨状肌神经（英语：Piriformis nerve）). 皮神经（英语：Cutaneous nerve）: 股后皮神经（英语：Posterior cutaneous nerve ... 其他（英语：Template:PNS diseases of the nervous system）. *症狀 *齊名（英语：Template:Eponymous medical signs for nervous system） ... 外旋神經核（英语：Abducens nucleus）. *分支 *無明顯分支 ... superior laryngeal nerve（英

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/神經

閉孔內肌神經（英語：Obturator internus nerve）. *梨狀肌神經（英語：Piriformis nerve）). 皮神經（英語：Cutaneous nerve）: 股後皮神經（英語：Posterior cutaneous nerve ... 其他（英語：Template:PNS diseases of the nervous system）. *症狀 *齊名（英語：Template:Eponymous medical signs for nervous system） ... 外旋神經核（英語：Abducens nucleus）. *分支 *無明顯分支 ... 足底內側神經（英語

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/神经

The relevant cranial nerves (specifically the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens), as in cavernous sinus syndrome or raised ... The orbit of the eye, including mechanical restrictions of eye movement, as in Graves disease. ... The brainstem nuclei of these nerves, as in certain patterns of brainstem stroke such as Foville's syndrome. ... It is a physical finding in certain neurologic, ophthalmologic, and endocrine disease. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoplegia

Patients with Alzheimer's disease almost always have an abnormal sense of smell when tested.[2] ... The olfactory nerve is typically considered the first cranial nerve, or simply CN I, that contains sensory nerve fibers ... The olfactory nerve is the shortest of the twelve cranial nerves and, similar to the optic nerve, does not emanate from the ... CN VI - Abducens. *CN VII - Facial. *CN VIII - Vestibulocochlear. *CN IX - Glossopharyngeal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_nerve

superior laryngeal nerve（英语：superior laryngeal nerve） *external laryngeal nerve（英语：external laryngeal nerve） ... 其他（英语：Template:PNS diseases of the nervous system）. *症狀 *齊名（英语：Template:Eponymous medical signs for nervous system） ... 外旋神經核（英语：Abducens nucleus）. *分支 *無明顯分支 ... Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve（英语：Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve） *Pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve（英语：

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/副神經

Disease[edit]. Main article: List of eye diseases and disorders. Damage to the optic nerve typically causes permanent and ... The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, or simply as CN II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from ... Although glaucoma does eventually damage the optic nerve, it is usually initially a disease of the eye, not of the nerve. ... Other optic nerve problems are less common. Optic nerve hypoplasia is the underdevelopment of the optic nerve resulting in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_nerve

Abducens nerve. *Thiamine. *Rare syndromes. Hidden categories: *Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2015 ... Failure in diagnosis of WE and thus treatment of the disease leads to death in approximately 20% of cases, while 75% are left ... Sergei Korsakoff was a Russian physician after whom the disease "Korsakoff's syndrome" was named. In the late 1800s Korsakoff ... Wernicke believed these hemorrhages were due to inflammation and thus the disease was named polioencephalitis haemorrhagica ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke-Korsakoff_syndrome

Occasionally, injury or disease processes may affect two (or all three) branches of the trigeminal nerve; in these cases, the ... The three major branches of the trigeminal nerve-the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2) and the mandibular nerve ( ... the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2), and the mandibular nerve (V3). The ophthalmic and maxillary nerves are ... The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, or simply CN V) is a nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nerve

... particularly Optic nerve (#2) sight, Oculomotor nerve (#3) eye movement, Trochlear nerve (#4) eye rotation, Abducens nerve (#6 ... While still regarded as a rare disease (1:12,500 in 1998 and rising), it is common when compared to many other genetic diseases ... Olfactory nerve (cranial nerve 1) Smell. See also: olfactory receptor neurons Optic nerve (cranial nerve 2) Sight. See also: ... See cranial nerve section Olfactory nerve (#1) smell. See cranial nerve section Trigeminal nerve (#5) facial sensation biting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_human_brain

Subacute pain is usually secondary to the disease and can be a consequence of spending too much time in the same position, ... Inflammation of the optic nerve causes loss of vision most usually by the swelling and destruction of the myelin sheath ... which is responsible for communication between the two eyes by connecting the abducens nucleus of one side to the oculomotor ... Emotional symptoms are also common and are thought to be both a normal response to having a debilitating disease and the result ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis_signs_and_symptoms

Focal neurological deficits may also occur, such as abducens nerve palsy and vertical gaze palsy (Parinaud syndrome due to ... He described it in his chapter on neurosurgical disease, describing infantile hydrocephalus as being caused by mechanical ... which is thought to reflect the distribution of nerve damage to the brain. Hydrocephalus that is present from birth can cause ... CSF pressure can induce Perilymphatic loss or endolymphatic hydrops resembling the clinical presentation of Ménière's disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocephalus

... abducens nerve) and anterior to cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve). The facial nerve also supplies preganglionic ... and most likely results from viral infection and also sometimes as a result of Lyme disease. Iatrogenic Bell's palsy may also ... This nerve also includes taste fibers for the palate via the lesser palatine nerve and greater palatine nerve. The ... Distal to stylomastoid foramen, the following nerves branch off the facial nerve: Posterior auricular nerve which controls ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nerve

Abducens nerve diseases synonyms, Abducens nerve diseases pronunciation, Abducens nerve diseases translation, English ... dictionary definition of Abducens nerve diseases. or n either of the sixth pair of cranial nerves, which supply the lateral ... rectus muscle of the eye n. either one of the sixth pair of cranial nerves,... ... abducens nerve. (redirected from Abducens nerve diseases). Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia. abducens nerve. ( ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Abducens+nerve+diseases

Meaning of abducens nerve diseases. What does abducens nerve diseases mean? Information and translations of abducens nerve ... diseases in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. ... Definition of abducens nerve diseases in the Definitions.net dictionary. ... Abducens Nerve Diseases. Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured ...

http://www.definitions.net/definition/abducens%20nerve%20diseases

The authors detail the first reported case of abducens nerve palsy complicating dengue fever in a previously healthy male from ... the abducens nerve despite its notoriety in cranial neuropathies in a multitude of condition due to its long intracranial ... In a tropical country with endemic dengue infections, dengue related abducens neuropathy may be considered as a differential ... Paralytic squint due to abducens nerve palsy : a rare consequence of dengue fever. *Mitrakrishnan C Shivanthan. 1. , ...

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-12-156

Scope Note: Notes = Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured along ... Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the ... Conditions mentioned include: head injury; diabetes; brain stem haemorrhage; and bilateral sixth nerve palsy. Surgical and ... Conditions mentioned include: head injury; nose bleeding; severe shock; and right sixth nerve palsy. Nonsurgical treatment ...

https://archives.collections.ed.ac.uk/subjects/7672?&page=11

Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase Abducens Nerve Paralysis Other: ocular electroacupuncture Other: ocular ... Effects of Ocular Electroacupuncture on Abducens Nerve Palsy. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... The purpose of the study is to testify the efficacy of treating abducens nerve palsy with ocular electroacupuncture or ocular ... The purpose of the study is to testify whether ocular electroacupuncture or ocular acupuncture is effective for abducens nerve ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03099460

Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with a 6th nerve palsy and was found to have a large tumor at the ... Schwannomas of the abducens nerve are extremely uncommon tumors. ... Abducens Nerve Diseases / pathology*, surgery*. Adult. Brain ... Schwannomas of the abducens nerve are extremely uncommon tumors. Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented ... Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / pathology*, surgery*. Female. Humans. Immunohistochemistry. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Neurilemmoma ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Cellular-schwannoma-abducens-nerve-case/19200646.html

Abducens Nerve Disease. *Abducens Nerve Injury. *Abducens Nerve Palsy And Paresis. *Abnormal Coordination ... Sexually Transmitted Diseases Urinary Tract Infection Foot Pain Ankle Injury Hip Pain Knee Pain View More ...

https://www.swedish.org/swedish-physicians/profile.aspx?name=carolyn+l+taylor&id=178887

abducens nerve disease. *abducens nerve injury. *abducens nerve palsy and paresis. *abnormal coordination ... hi really trust Dr Witt because she has the knowledge to treat the complex symptoms of my disease and I am always confident she ... The majority of patients she treats have Parkinsons Disease, atypical parkinsonism syndromes, tremor, dystonia, chorea, ...

https://www.swedish.org/swedish-physicians/profile.aspx?name=jennifer+l+witt&id=157935

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting with Abducens Nerve Palsy.. Anthony CM, Giles GB, Justin GA, Wedel ML, Grant AD. ... Factors associated with preparedness of the US healthcare system to respond to a pediatric surge during an infectious disease ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Anthony+C.+Leachon&dispmax=50

An understanding of the anatomy of the abducent nerve in the petroclival region helps to explain the origin of abducent palsies ... Diseases & Conditions Abducens Nerve Palsy (Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy) * 2002882627-overview. Anatomy Skull Base Anatomy ... Pro Soccer Players at High Risk for Death From Neurodegenerative Disease * Ubrogepant Eases Acute Migraine Pain, New Data ... Table 1. Review of studies detailing microsurgical anatomy of the Dorello canal and the abducent nerve Authors & Year. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780442_2

Abducens Nerve Diseases / prevention & control * Botulinum Toxins / therapeutic use* * Botulinum Toxins, Type A / adverse ... There was no evidence for a prophylactic effect of botulinum toxin in a treatment trial of acute onset sixth nerve palsy. ... have shown varying responses ranging from a lack of evidence for prophylactic effect of botulinum toxin in acute sixth nerve ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19370637/

Abducens Nerve Diseases. Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. The nerve may be injured ... Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the ... Common conditions associated with nerve injury include INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ISCHEMIA; and ... Infectious Diseases Mental Health Neurology Obstetrics Orthopedics Public Health Respiratory Rheumatology Urology Track topics ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/128218/Congenital-Esotropia-Observational-Study-CEOS.html

An understanding of the anatomy of the abducent nerve in the petroclival region helps to explain the origin of abducent palsies ... Diseases & Conditions Abducens Nerve Palsy (Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy) * 2002882627-overview. Anatomy Skull Base Anatomy ... and the nerve is at risk for direct or thermal injury during drilling.[7] In the posterior cavernous sinus, the abducent nerve ... point out that fixation of the nerve to the lateral wall of the cavernous ICA may also be a mechanism for abducent nerve injury ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780442_4

abducens nerve disease. *abducens nerve injury. *abducens nerve palsy and paresis. *abnormal coordination ...

http://www.providence.org/doctors/profile.aspx?region=wa&reset=true&name=li+zhongzeng&id=160038

... pain in the region innervated by the first and the second division of trigeminal nerve and abducens nerve palsy. Septic sinus ... is a rare disease characterised by the triad otitis media, ... Gradenigos syndrome (GS) is a rare disease characterised by ... Abducens Nerve Diseases / complications*, drug therapy*. Administration, Oral. Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use. ... We report the case of a 4-year-old child that was admitted for facial nerve palsy and abducens nerve palsy subsequent to a 2- ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Gradenigos-syndrome-with-lateral-venous/19697060.html

Parkinson Disease - Cranial Nerves Exam - Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens (CN III, IV, VI) Nerves Su. The patient is a 68-year- ... Parkinson Disease - Cranial Nerves Exam - Hypoglossal (CN XII) Nerve Sub-exam - Patient 10. The patient is a 68-year-old ... Primary Lateral Sclerosis - Cranial Nerves Exam - Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens (CN III, IV, V. This video features a 54- ... Normal - Cranial Nerves Exam - Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and Vagus (CN X) Nerves Sub-exam - Patient 1. Patient is a female with ...

http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xpert/scoreresults.php?keywords=Afferent%20and%20efferent%20nerves

Parkinson Disease - Cranial Nerves Exam - Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens (CN III, IV, VI) Nerves Su. This 76-year-old man ... Posterior Fossa Tumor - Cranial Nerves Exam - Hypoglossal (CN XII) Nerve Sub-exam - Patient 9. Patient is a 58-year-old white ... He has residual cranial nerve palsies on the right side and experiences tremors, ataxia and disequilibrium. His wife reports ... He has residual cranial nerve palsies on the right side and experiences tremors, ataxia and disequilibrium. His wife reports ...

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xpert/scoreresults.php?keywords=Introduction%20to%20macroec&start=11260&end=11280

Facial nerve paresis. Dependency of rehabilitation on the starting point of treatment]. by Hanna Neumann ... Facial nerve paresis. Dependency of rehabilitation on the starting point of treatment].. @article{Neumann1966FacialNP, title={[ ... Facial nerve paresis. Dependency of rehabilitation on the starting point of treatment].}, author={Hanna Neumann}, journal={ ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/%5BFacial-nerve-paresis.-Dependency-of-rehabilitation-Neumann/77599c24c2dc807ec08a8ddfa538779494a02691

... oculoglandular disease of Parinaud, myelopathy, radiculopathy or abducens nerve, and facial nerve paresis. We report on a 3 ... Nerve conduction studies showed a marked decrease of motor nerve conduction velocities in all limbs (median nerve 20 m/s). In ... 1978) Oculoglandular disease of Parinaud: a manifestation of cat scratch disease. Am J Dis Child 132:1195-1200. ... 1998) Cat scratch disease presenting with peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Pediatrics 101:E13. ...

http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/68/6/797

abducens nerve disease 10.0. KANTR SYP 45. functional colonic disease 10.0. KANTR SYP ... The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... Disease Ontology : 12 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to visually recognize objects. MalaCards based summary : Visual ... Diseases related to Visual Agnosia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:. (show top 50) (show all ...

https://www.malacards.org/card/visual_agnosia

abducens nerve disease 10.2. POMC PRL 44. gigantism 10.2. GH1 PRL 45. adrenal cortex disease 10.2. POMC PRL ... Global: Rare diseases Anatomical: Endocrine diseases Neuronal diseases See all MalaCards categories (disease lists) ... The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z ... NIH Rare Diseases : 54 Empty sella syndrome (ESS) is a condition that involves the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base ...

https://www.malacards.org/card/empty_sella_syndrome

Abducens Nerve Diseases. Child. 100. Ein Fall von metastatischem Carcinom der Chorioidea ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.isMemberOfCollection%5D%5B%5D=DREPMIA&f%5Bdrep2.language%5D%5B%5D=German&page=1&per_page=100

... complicated by abducens nerve palsy, was reported (34). To date, no published data exist that suggest that TOSV causes any ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... Disease in Humans Laboratory Diagnosis Genetic Diversity of TOSV Strains Future Concerns Cite This Article ... Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2005;11(11):1657-1663. doi:10.3201/eid1111.050869.. APA. Charrel, R. N., Gallian, P., Navarro- ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/11/05-0869

Abducens Nerve Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences * Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Medicine & Life Sciences ... keywords = "Abducens nerve palsy, Hemodialysis, Systemic lupus erythematosus",. author = "Friedman, {A. S.} and V. Folkert and ... Recurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus in a hemodialysis patient presenting as a unilateral abducens nerve palsy. Clinical ... This is the first reported case of an abducens nerve palsy occurring in a maintenance hemodialysis patient associated with ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/recurrence-of-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-in-a-hemodialysis-pati-2

... questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Mental retardation skeletal dysplasia abducens ... Abducens palsy. 0011349 Cranial nerve VI palsy. 0006897 Glucose intolerance. 0001952 Intellectual disability. Mental deficiency ... Diseases expand submenu for Diseases * Browse A-Z * Find Diseases By Category expand submenu for Find Diseases By Category * ... Digestive Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Digestive Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; ...

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/3520/mental-retardation-skeletal-dysplasia-abducens-palsy

Acute abducens nerve palsy in a patient with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Falcone, M. M., Rong, A. J., Salazar, H ... Singh, S. P., Chand, H. S., Banerjee, S., Agarwal, H., Raizada, V., Roy, S. & Sopori, M., Jan 1 2020, In : Digestive Diseases ... A case for inspiratory muscle training in SCI: potential role as a preventative tool in infectious respiratory diseases like ...

https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2011&publicationYear=2012&publicationYear=2013&publicationYear=2014&publicationYear=2015&publicationYear=2016&publicationYear=2017&publicationYear=2018&publicationYear=2019&publicationYear=2020&format=&nofollow=true

MeSH-minor] Abducens Nerve Diseases / etiology. Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / therapeutic use. Antineoplastic Combined ... Disease Progression. Disease-Free Survival. Headache / etiology. Humans. Interferon-beta / therapeutic use. Magnetic Resonance ... B2.2.1.2.1. Disease or Syndrome. B2.2.1.2.1.1. Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction. B2.2.1.2.1.2. Neoplastic Process. B2.2.1.2.2. ... Disease-Free Survival. Drug Administration Schedule. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Salvage Therapy. Thrombocytopenia / ...

http://www.bmlsearch.com/?kwr=intramedullary+spinal+cord+neoplasms+primary+drug+therapy+2000:2010%5Bpubdate%5D&cxts=100&stmp=b1

MeSH-minor] Abducens Nerve Diseases / etiology. Diagnosis, Differential. Diplopia / etiology. Endoscopy. Humans. Magnetic ... Ayberk G, Ozveren MF, Yildirim T, Ercan K, Cay EK, Koçak A: Review of a series with abducens nerve palsy. Turk Neurosurg; 2008 ... The causes of the abducens nerve paralysis of our patients were as follows: two cases with head trauma, three cases with ... gene/protein/disease-specific - Gene Ontology annotations from this paper .. *[Email] Email this result item Email the results ...

http://www.bmlsearch.com/?kwr=adenocarcinoma+of+pituitary+gland+2005:2010%5Bpubdate%5D&cxts=100&stmp=b0

Isolated sixth cranial nerve palsy in a case of severe pre eclampsia presenting as postpartum diplopia. Yevale, A., Vasudeva, A ... Evaluation of fetal echocardiography as a routine antenatal screening tool for detection of congenital heart disease. Nayak, K. ...

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Short duration respiratory illness with abducens palsy in a young man. Undrakonda, V. & Umakanth, S., 24-10-2011, In: BMJ Case ... Significance of microalbuminuria in cardiovascular disease and nephropathy in diabetic patients. Nayal, B., Raghuveer, C. V., ...

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In a tropical country with endemic dengue infections, dengue related abducens neuropathy may be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of acquired lateral rectus palsy after dengue fever. (biomedcentral.com)
The authors report the first case of a patient who developed a convergent paralytic squint due to right abducens palsy during the critical phase of dengue fever. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of the study is to testify the efficacy of treating abducens nerve palsy with ocular electroacupuncture or ocular acupuncture, and to compare the efficacy between these two interventions. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The purpose of the study is to testify whether ocular electroacupuncture or ocular acupuncture is effective for abducens nerve palsy (ANP), through treating ANP patient for 6 weeks, using self-invented acupoints according to anatomy of extraocular muscles innervated by abducens nerve, and using sham acupuncture as controlled group, and try to provide clinical evidence for promoting these new techniques. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Here, we report the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with a 6th nerve palsy and was found to have a large tumor at the right side of her pons. (biomedsearch.com)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Presenting with Abducens Nerve Palsy. (nih.gov)
Initial interest in studying the anatomy of the abducent nerve arose from the occurrence of abducent palsy in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
There was no evidence for a prophylactic effect of botulinum toxin in a treatment trial of acute onset sixth nerve palsy. (nih.gov)
Four RCTs on the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in strabismus have shown varying responses ranging from a lack of evidence for prophylactic effect of botulinum toxin in acute sixth nerve palsy, to poor response in patients with horizontal strabismus without binocular vision, to no difference in response in patients that required retreatment for acquired esotropia or infantile esotropia. (nih.gov)
Gradenigo's syndrome (GS) is a rare disease characterised by the triad otitis media, pain in the region innervated by the first and the second division of trigeminal nerve and abducens nerve palsy. (biomedsearch.com)
We report the case of a 4-year-old child that was admitted for facial nerve palsy and abducens nerve palsy subsequent to a 2-week persistent pain in the right ear. (biomedsearch.com)
A 45-year-old hemodialysis patient presenting with recurrence of SLE which manifested predominantly as a unilateral left abducens (VIth) nerve palsy is described. (elsevier.com)
The signs and symptoms of the cranial nerve palsy resolved within two weeks of initiating corticosteroid therapy. (elsevier.com)
This is the first reported case of an abducens nerve palsy occurring in a maintenance hemodialysis patient associated with recurrence of SLE. (elsevier.com)
The central anatomy of the sixth nerve predicts (correctly) that infarcts affecting the dorsal pons at the level of the abducens nucleus can also affect the facial nerve, producing an ipsilateral facial palsy together with a lateral rectus palsy. (wikipedia.org)
The anatomy also predicts (correctly) that infarcts involving the ventral pons can affect the sixth nerve and the corticospinal tract simultaneously, producing a lateral rectus palsy associated with a contralateral hemiparesis. (wikipedia.org)
We report the association of ipsilateral trigemino-autonomic headache to a case of right-sided nuclear facial and abducens palsy (Gasperini syndrome), ipsilateral hypacusis and right hemiataxia, caused by the occlusion of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery. (elsevier.com)
Two months following completion of chemotherapy, the patient developed a right abducens nerve palsy. (ajnr.org)
Sixth nerve palsy is the most common of the isolated ocular motor nerve palsies. (ajnr.org)
Retrospective chart review abstracted duration of headache and cranial neuritis (papilledema or cranial nerve palsy) on physical examination and percent CSF mononuclear cells. (aappublications.org)
An oculomotor nerve palsy with limited abduction and some degree of facial palsy are usually present. (arizona.edu)
Diabetic abducens nerve palsy main symptoms include ocular motility disorders and diplopia. (thefreedictionary.com)
Caption: FIGURE 1: Chemosis and Abducens Nerve (CN VI) Palsy. (thefreedictionary.com)
Augmented Hummelsheim procedure to treat complete abducens nerve palsy. (thefreedictionary.com)
MRSA with progression from otitis media and sphenoid sinusitis to clival osteomyelitis, pachymeningitis and abducens nerve palsy in an immunocompetent 10-year-old patient. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cranial nerve examination revealed a decreased ability to abduct the right eye consistent with abducens nerve palsy. (thefreedictionary.com)
Facial nerve palsy is more abundant in older adults than in children and is said to affect 15-40 out of 100,000 people per year. (wikipedia.org)
The most common cause of this cranial nerve damage is Bell's palsy (idiopathic facial palsy) which is a paralysis of the facial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Bell's Palsy is thought to occur by an infection of the herpes virus which may cause demyelination and has been found in patients with facial nerve palsy. (wikipedia.org)
Recovery rate also depends on the cause of the facial nerve palsy (e.g. infections, perinatal injury, congenital dysplastic). (wikipedia.org)
Facial nerve palsy may be the indication of a severe condition and when diagnosed a full clinical history and examination are recommended. (wikipedia.org)
Although rare, facial nerve palsy has also been found in patients with HIV seroconversion. (wikipedia.org)
Few cases of bilateral facial nerve palsy have been reported and is said to only effect 1 in every 5 million per year. (wikipedia.org)
Eyes Oculomotor nerve palsy - Oculomotor nerve (III) Fourth nerve palsy - Trochlear nerve (IV) Sixth nerve palsy - Abducens nerve (VI) Other Trigeminal neuralgia - Trigeminal nerve (V) Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven - Facial nerve (VII) (More on facial nerve palsy below) Accessory nerve disorder - Accessory nerve (XI) Pavlou, E., Gkampeta, A., & Arampatzi, M. (2011). (wikipedia.org)
Facial nerve palsy in childhood. (wikipedia.org)
Bilateral lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy due to HIV seroconversion. (wikipedia.org)
Presentation of Bilateral Peripheral Seventh Cranial Nerve Palsy in an HIV Patient. (wikipedia.org)
Background: In a multicenter prospective data collection study of chronic sixth cranial nerve palsy, we previously reported that the initial successful outcome rate was 39% after a single surgical intervention and 25% after surgery combined with botulinum toxin (Botox), using strict success criteria. (elsevier.com)
Methods: A previously described cohort of 31 patients in 18 centers who underwent strabismus surgery for a sixth nerve palsy of greater that 6 months duration was studied prospectively. (elsevier.com)
More than 1 surgical procedure and prism are often necessary in the management of chronic sixth nerve palsy. (elsevier.com)
Holmes, JM & Leske, DA 2002, ' Long-term outcomes after surgical management of chronic sixth nerve palsy ', Journal of AAPOS , vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 283-288. (elsevier.com)
There were 4 infectious complications and 1 case of aseptic meningitis followed by cranial nerve VI palsy. (elsevier.com)
CM can present to the ophthalmologist as vision loss, papilledema, abducens palsy, and/or other cranial neuropathies. (houstonmethodist.org)
An 11-year-old girl presented with a very rare traumatic retroclival epidural hematoma manifesting as bilateral abducens nerve palsy, deviation of the uvula to the left, and weakened movement of tongue, which developed after a motor vehicle accident. (elsevier.com)
On the other hand, subacute to chronic headaches that are accompanied by focal neurological signs, such as abducens nerve palsy, restriction of upward gaze, or papilledema, may be indicative of the need for urgent imaging and neurosurgical referral. (elsevier.com)
Sixth nerve palsy, in isolation or in combination with other cranial neuropathies, may occur rarely as the initial presenting feature of multiple myeloma. (unboundmedicine.com)
One patient presented with an isolated sixth nerve palsy in the setting of multiple vasculopathic risk factors. (unboundmedicine.com)
A triad of retro-ocular pain, discharging ear and abducens nerve palsy, as described by Gradenigo, has been recognized for 150 years. (ox.ac.uk)
Nystagmus, abducens (cranial nerve VI), nerve palsy, and horizontal or combined horizontal-vertical gaze palsy are the most common findings. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Sixth nerve palsy is a nerve disorder that occurs when the sixth cranial nerve is damaged. (cdc.gov)
Sixth nerve palsy is not considered an inherited condition. (cdc.gov)
A diagnosis of sixth nerve palsy is generally suspected based on the presence of characteristic signs and symptoms . (cdc.gov)
In some cases, sixth nerve palsy will disappear without treatment. (cdc.gov)
Sixth nerve palsy caused by viral illness generally goes away completely while cases due to trauma may have residual symptoms. (cdc.gov)
[1] Most people with idiopathic sixth nerve palsy (of unknown cause) completely recover. (cdc.gov)
The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) provides information about sixth nerve palsy. (cdc.gov)
The Merck Manual for health care professionals provides information on Sixth nerve palsy. (cdc.gov)
PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Sixth nerve palsy. (cdc.gov)
The most common cause of chronic abducens nerve palsy . (operativeneurosurgery.com)
a) thyroid eye disease: the most common cause of chronic VI palsy. (operativeneurosurgery.com)

The abducens nerve (or abducent nerve) is the sixth cranial nerve (CNVI), in humans, that controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, responsible for outward gaze. (wikipedia.org)
A , Contrast-enhanced CT image shows abnormal thickening and mild enhancement along the right sixth cranial nerve ( arrow ). (ajnr.org)
A disorder characterized by involvement of the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve). (icd10data.com)
A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the abducens nerve (sixth cranial nerve). (icd10data.com)

The dissections performed by Dorello, prior to the advent of the surgical microscope, revealed that the inferior petrosal sinus and abducent nerve run through this canal. (medscape.com)
In 1859, Wenzel Gruber described a fibrous ligament that extends from the petrous apex to the lateral dorsum sellae and creates a canal containing the abducent nerve. (medscape.com)
Some have hypothesized as to why the abducent nerve may be sensitive to injury in such cases. (medscape.com)
[ 36 ] described 3 curves in the course of the abducent nerve. (medscape.com)
[ 27 ] point out that fixation of the nerve to the lateral wall of the cavernous ICA may also be a mechanism for abducent nerve injury in trauma. (medscape.com)
Knowledge of the detailed anatomy of the abducent nerve is of utmost importance to minimize risk of injury in surgical approaches to the petroclival region. (medscape.com)
The advent of endoscopic endonasal transclival, transellar transcavernous, and paramedian approaches to the medial petrous apex has renewed interest in studying the anatomical relations of the abducent nerve from an endoscopic perspective. (medscape.com)
[ 7 , 22 ] In particular, petroclival tumors tend to grow along a lateral to medial trajectory and can therefore displace the abducent nerve medially. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] found that the vertebrobasilar junction was on average 4 mm inferior to the origin of the abducent nerve and served as a good landmark for the cisternal segment in midline approaches. (medscape.com)
In the lateral transclival and medial petrous apex approaches, the dural entry point of the abducent nerve is just posterosuperior to the upper limit of the lacerum segment of the ICA (C 3 ), and the nerve is at risk for direct or thermal injury during drilling. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] In the posterior cavernous sinus, the abducent nerve runs parallel to the V1 segment of the trigeminal nerve, and therefore, dissection in the approach via the Meckel cave should not proceed above the V2 segment. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] Abducent nerve injury during endoscopic endonasal approaches has been well documented. (medscape.com)

On physical exam, the patient was found to have bilateral papilledema and optic nerve erythema, right greater than left, right inferior nasal quadrant visual field defect, and a right afferent pupillary defect. (hindawi.com)

Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness, resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and ESOTROPIA. (definitions.net)
Damage to the peripheral part of the abducens nerve will cause double vision (diplopia), due to the unopposed muscle tone of the medial rectus muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Complete interruption of the peripheral sixth nerve causes diplopia (double vision), due to the unopposed action of the medial rectus muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Gradenigo's syndrome is characterised by a classic triad of discharging ear, retro-orbital pain, abducens nerve paralysis causing diplopia. (thefreedictionary.com)

He has residual cranial nerve palsies on the right side and experiences tremors, ataxia and disequilibrium. (nottingham.ac.uk)
We report the neuro-ophthalmologic, radiologic, and pathologic findings for two patients who developed sixth nerve palsies as an initial manifestation of intracranial plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma. (unboundmedicine.com)
Treatable skull base lesions, including plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma, must be considered in patients with sixth nerve palsies, especially among those who demonstrate a progressive course or multiple cranial neuropathies. (unboundmedicine.com)
Moebius syndrome is characterized by congenital unilateral or bilateral facial and abducens nerve palsies (sixth and seventh cranial nerves) causing facial weakness, feeding difficulties, and restricted ocular movements. (diseaseinfosearch.org)

157900), also known as Moebius sequence, is a nonprogressive disease characterized by congenital facial and abducens nerve paralysis and is included in the group of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDD). (thefreedictionary.com)

article{Neumann1966FacialNP, title={[Facial nerve paresis. (semanticscholar.org)
1 Other known neurological manifestations, often in combination with encephalopathy, are neuroretinitis, oculoglandular disease of Parinaud, myelopathy, radiculopathy or abducens nerve, and facial nerve paresis. (bmj.com)

The PPRF sends signals towards its ipsilateral abducens nerve (VI) and contralateral medial longitudinal fasciculus. (egms.de)
It receives signals from the contralateral PPRF and in turn sends signals to its ipsilateral oculomotor nerve, coordinating conjugate eye movements. (egms.de)
In rare occasions, a lesion may affect the PPRF, MLF, and its ipsilateral facial nerve fascicle around the area of the facial colliculus as it goes around the abducens nucleus. (egms.de)

In cases of intracranial hypotension with brainstem sag or cervical trauma resulting in parenchymal movement within the cranium, this may be a point at which the cisternal segment of the nerve suffers stretch injury. (medscape.com)
The long course of the abducens nerve between the brainstem and the eye makes it vulnerable to injury at many levels. (wikipedia.org)
Iatrogenic injury is also known to occur, with the abducens nerve being the most commonly injured cranial nerve in halo orthosis placement. (wikipedia.org)

Enlargement and thickening of the right abducens nerve was noted on both CT and MR imaging compatible with PTS along the sixth nerve. (ajnr.org)

Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) has been described as a syndrome involving damage to the oculomotor nerve (CN3), trochlear nerve (CN4), ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN5) and abducens nerve (CN6) in association with optic nerve dysfunction. (thefreedictionary.com)
However, careful examination of the optic nerve may reveal anomalies such as increased cupping, asymmetric cupping and hypoplasia and could be responsible for the reduced vision in some patients. (arizona.edu)
In severe cases, the clear covering of the eye (cornea) may ulcerate, or the optic nerve may be damaged, either of which may result in a permanent loss of vision if not treated appropriately. (operativeneurosurgery.com)
The latter is due to thickened, inflamed and/or scarred muscles impinging on the optic nerve at the back of the socket. (operativeneurosurgery.com)
They can also become stiff (scarred), which interferes with movement of the eyes and causes double vision or impinges upon the optic nerve, causing loss of vision. (operativeneurosurgery.com)
When the optic nerve is compromised, progressive and irreversible vision loss occurs. (operativeneurosurgery.com)
Rarely, orbital swelling may precipitate glaucoma that also affects the optic nerve. (operativeneurosurgery.com)

Though neurological sequelae including mononeuropathy, encephalopathy, transverse myelitis, polyradiculopathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome , optic neuropathy and oculomotor neuropathy have been reported in medical literature, the abducens nerve despite its notoriety in cranial neuropathies in a multitude of condition due to its long intracranial course had not been to date reported to manifest with lateral rectus paralysis following dengue. (biomedcentral.com)

Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD), supported by ORDR-NCATS and NHGRI. (diseaseinfosearch.org)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Patients were considered to have Lyme disease only if they met Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria (documented erythema migrans and/or positive Lyme serology). (aappublications.org)
1 , 2 According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, the diagnosis of Lyme disease requires the presence of the erythema migrans rash diagnosed by a physician or the presence of other clinical manifestations accompanied by positive Lyme-serology testing with confirmatory immunoblotting. (aappublications.org)
Saving Lives, Protecting People Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)

Rare causes of isolated sixth nerve damage include Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Dengue fever is an arboviral disease, which is transmitted by mosquito vector and presents as varied clinical spectrum of dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), dengue shock syndrome (DSS), and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) with atypical presentations, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma. (hindawi.com)
This viral infection has a wide clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic disease to undifferentiated fever (or viral syndromes), classical dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The oculomotor nerve has been involved frequently in 85% of cases, abducens nerve in 70% of cases, trochlear nerve in 29% of cases, and ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve in 30% of cases [11], and periarterial sympathetic fibers were in 20% of cases that causes Horner's syndrome [12, 13]. (thefreedictionary.com)
Eight-and-a-half syndrome results from a lesion affecting the paramedian pontine reticular formation, the median longitudinal fasciculus, and the facial nerve fascicle on one side. (egms.de)
Lesions affecting both the PPRF and MLF on one side lead to the formation of the neuro-ophthalmologic disease entity one-and-a-half syndrome. (egms.de)
It is most often caused by a vascular etiology as in an infarction, as first described by Eggenberger in 1998 when magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated eight-and-a-half syndrome caused by vertebral basilar disease [8] . (egms.de)
acquired immune deficiency syndrome , acquired immunodeficiency syndrome an epidemic, transmissible retroviral disease caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, manifested in severe cases as profound depression of cell-mediated immunity, and affecting certain recognized risk groups. (thefreedictionary.com)
Moebius syndrome is caused by the absence or underdevelopment of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, which control eye movement and facial expression. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Moebius syndrome (MBS) is rare disease characterized by nonprogressive congenital uni- or bi-lateral facial (i. e. (diseaseinfosearch.org)
Sneddon's syndrome is a systemic disease characterized by livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular disease . (symptoma.com)

The abducens nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of the human eye. (wikipedia.org)
The seventh pair, the facial nerves, innervates the organs of the lateral line and the musculature of the hyoid arch in fish, the superficial musculature of the neck and the muscle that lowers the lower jaw in terrestrial vertebrates, and the facial muscles in humans and simians. (thefreedictionary.com)

The first and second pairs of the cranial nerves are the olfactory and optic nerves, which, unlike the other cranial nerves, originate in the brain and serve as conducting pathways for the olfactory and visual analyzers. (thefreedictionary.com)

The abducens nerve leaves the brainstem at the junction of the pons and the medulla, medial to the facial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Affected areas of the brain are restricted to regions with high thiamine turnover, including brain stem nuclei of the oculomotor, abducens, acoustic nerves, mammillary bodies, medial thalamus, and cerebellar vermis. (clinicaladvisor.com)

The nerve may be injured along its course in the pons, intracranially as it travels along the base of the brain, in the cavernous sinus, or at the level of superior orbital fissure or orbit. (definitions.net)
The second curve extends over the petrous apex after which the nerve angles inferiorly and laterally to reach the posterior bend of the cavernous ICA. (medscape.com)
Other processes that can damage the sixth nerve include strokes (infarctions), demyelination, infections (e.g. meningitis), cavernous sinus diseases and various neuropathies. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanism of spread from the primary malignancy to the abducens nerve in our case was likely a manifestation of disease that had initially infiltrated the cavernous sinus with subsequent tracking along the sixth nerve. (ajnr.org)
This would involve clot fragments in the right cavernous sinus to damage the abducens nerve, pituitary and hypothalamus to cause panhypopituitarism, and the substantia nigra to cause the Parkinson's disease. (blogspot.com)

Abnormal eye movements with prominent external ophthalmoplegia are hallmarks of this disease. (arizona.edu)

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. (nih.gov)
For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. (nih.gov)
People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. (nih.gov)
Do you have more information about symptoms of this disease? (nih.gov)
We report a case of neurobrucellosis mimicking the symptoms, laboratory data, and the pathologic findings that can be seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thus demonstrating the diagnostic challenges of such a heterogeneous disease. (hindawi.com)
The aggregate of symptoms and signs associated with any morbid process, together constituting the picture of the disease. (thefreedictionary.com)
The symptoms described above may not necessarily mean that a person has Graves' eye disease. (operativeneurosurgery.com)

The 12th pair, the hypoglossal nerves, is unusual in that it arose in amniotes as a result of fusion of the muscular branches of the spinal nerves. (thefreedictionary.com)

Nervus abducens is a pure motor nerve located in the pons. (semanticscholar.org)

It is now considered that CFEOM disorders result from primary neuronal disease resulting in secondary myopathy. (arizona.edu)
These are the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), which is maintained by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which is promulgated by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). (nap.edu)

It is of utmost importance to recognize the features of this disease entity to be able to exhaust the proper diagnostic exams, localize the lesion and determine the proper treatment regimen catered to each patient. (egms.de)
A brainstem lesion could also cause impaired functioning of multiple cranial nerves, but this condition would likely also be accompanied by distal motor impairment. (wikipedia.org)

However, radiologists should be aware of the possibility of perineural spread along the sixth nerve because the detection is associated with a poorer prognosis and increased risk for recurrence. (ajnr.org)

The acupoints are selected based on the anatomy of extraocular muscles innervated by abducens nerve. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. (definitions.net)
Notes = Diseases of the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve or its nucleus in the pons. (ed.ac.uk)
The abducens nucleus is located in the pons, on the floor of the fourth ventricle, at the level of the facial colliculus. (wikipedia.org)
Axons from the facial nerve loop around the abducens nucleus, creating a slight bulge (the facial colliculus) that is visible on the dorsal surface of the floor of the fourth ventricle. (wikipedia.org)
The abducens nucleus is close to the midline, like the other motor nuclei that control eye movements (the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei). (wikipedia.org)
Motor axons leaving the abducens nucleus run ventrally and caudally through the pons. (wikipedia.org)

This article reports the first case of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the abducens nerve and provides a literature review that includes 61 cases of intracranial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. (elsevier.com)
Pathology was consistent with low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. (elsevier.com)
Voorhies, J, Hattab, EM & Cohen-Gadol, AA 2013, ' Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the abducens nerve and a review of the literature ', World Neurosurgery , vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 654.e1-654.e8. (elsevier.com)
We report a case of perineural tumor spread (PTS) involving the abducens nerve in a 61-year-old Asian woman. (ajnr.org)
PTS is a well-known phenomenon that occurs predominantly in malignancies of the head and neck, whereby tumor extends along the nerves away from the primary site of malignancy. (ajnr.org)
Amongst the NPC patients worldwide, the abducens nerve was the most commonly affected by the tumor, and multiple cranial nerve involvement were seen amongst Malaysian patients. (thefreedictionary.com)

In 5%-20% of the infected patients the disease may spread to other organs. (bmj.com)
The cranial nerves innervate the organs and tissues of the head and neck, with the exception of the vagus nerve, which descends into the thoracic and abdominal cavities. (thefreedictionary.com)
These nerves are purely sensory: They are responsible for linking the organs of hearing and equilibrium with the brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
The cranial nerves are nerves of highly specialized sense organs and are regulators of respiration, blood circulation, and digestion. (thefreedictionary.com)
It presents definition for terms and images related to the anatomy of the brain and head, brain diseases, and brain-related organs (from Abducens nerve to Zygomaticus major muscle). (bvsalud.org)

The case is presented in its clinical, neurosurgical and neuropathologic aspects and the literature on 6th nerve schwannomas is reviewed. (biomedsearch.com)
We studied the various clinical presentations of dengue infection during an outbreak of disease in 2015. (hindawi.com)
In children with Lyme disease, 2% have an initial clinical manifestation of meningitis 3 that requires 2 to 4 weeks of parenteral antibiotics. (aappublications.org)
The most common clinical manifestation of infection in adult patients is cutaneous disease ( 3 , 4 ), either localized or as part of disseminated disease that occurs mainly in severely immunocompromised patients, such as those infected with HIV, those with autoimmune disease, or those who have undergone solid organ or stem cell transplantation ( 5 - 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases. (elsevier.com)

It is possible for a disorder of more than one cranial nerve to occur at the same time, if a trauma occurs at a location where many cranial nerves run together, such as the jugular fossa. (wikipedia.org)

Hence, disturbance of nerve conduction, as in paralysis of the facial nerve, cannot be compensated by adjacent nerves. (thefreedictionary.com)

So I'm going with either a fall and basilar skull fracture, or a clot shower with the primary disease being the hypercoagulabilty disorder. (blogspot.com)

The related ninth, tenth, and 11th pairs-the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves-are unequal in fiber composition and extent of spread. (thefreedictionary.com)

Schwannomas of the abducens nerve are extremely uncommon tumors. (biomedsearch.com)
Peripheral sixth nerve damage can be caused by tumors, aneurysms, or fractures - anything that directly compresses or stretches the nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are rare, and intracranial occurrences are even more rare. (elsevier.com)
The literature shows that intracranial malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors are a heterogeneous group. (elsevier.com)

the nerves are the chief sensory nerves of the face and serve as the motor nerves of the muscles of mastication. (thefreedictionary.com)

Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring. (elsevier.com)
Diagnosis is by the presence of a disease indicative of a defect in cell-mediated immunity (e.g., life-threatening opportunistic infection) in the absence of any known causes of underlying immunodeficiency or of any other host defense defects reported to be associated with that disease (e.g., iatrogenic immunosuppression). (thefreedictionary.com)
The Wills Eye Manual: Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease. (wikem.org)
Graves' eye disease can also be present when the level of thyroid hormone in the blood is normal or low, depending on the degree of glandular stimulation caused by the immune attack and by the amount of thyroid gland destruction present at the time of diagnosis. (operativeneurosurgery.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms1

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care2

Geographicals1

Gradenigo's syndrome. (1/84)

Transsphenoidal computer-navigation-assisted deflation of a balloon after endovascular occlusion of a direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula. (2/84)

Giant ocular nerve neurofibroma of the cavernous sinus: a series of 5 cases. (3/84)

Abduction paresis with rostral pontine and/or mesencephalic lesions: Pseudoabducens palsy and its relation to the so-called posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia of Lutz. (4/84)

Idiopathic giant cell granulomatous hypophysitis with hypopituitarism, right abducens nerve paresis and masked diabetes insipidus. (5/84)

Primitive trigeminal artery variant aneurysm treated with Guglielmi detachable coils--case report. (6/84)

Isolated abducens nerve paresis associated with incomplete Horner's syndrome caused by petrous apex fracture--case report and anatomical study. (7/84)

Adaptations and deficits in the vestibulo-ocular reflex after sixth nerve palsy. (8/84)

Abducens Nerve Diseases

Abducens Nerve

Abducens Nerve Injury

Optic Nerve Diseases

Horner Syndrome

Olfactory Nerve Diseases

Cranial Nerve Diseases

Vagus Nerve Diseases

Cavernous Sinus

Diplopia

Petrous Bone

Trochlear Nerve

Oculomotor Nerve Diseases

Eye Pain

Ophthalmoplegia

Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases

Oculomotor Nerve

Oculomotor Muscles

Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases

Glossopharyngeal Nerve Diseases

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms

Onchocerciasis, Ocular

Trigeminal Nerve Diseases

Accessory Nerve Diseases

Skull Fracture, Basilar

Facial Nerve Diseases

Trigeminal Nerve

Paralysis

Duane Retraction Syndrome

Mucocele

Trochlear Nerve Diseases

Eye Movements

Electronystagmography

Nerve Compression Syndromes

Dura Mater

Cranial Fossa, Posterior

Skull Base

Optic Neuritis

Turtles

Sciatic Nerve

Neurilemmoma

Peripheral Nerves

Paresis

Cranial Nerves

Brain Stem

Optic Nerve

Meningioma

Nerve Fibers

Neurology

Washington

Th2 Cells

Th1 Cells

Withanolides

Hospital Bed Capacity, 100 to 299

Hospitals, Federal

Gradenigo's syndrome. (1/84)

Transsphenoidal computer-navigation-assisted deflation of a balloon after endovascular occlusion of a direct carotid cavernous sinus fistula. (2/84)

Giant ocular nerve neurofibroma of the cavernous sinus: a series of 5 cases. (3/84)

Abduction paresis with rostral pontine and/or mesencephalic lesions: Pseudoabducens palsy and its relation to the so-called posterior internuclear ophthalmoplegia of Lutz. (4/84)

Idiopathic giant cell granulomatous hypophysitis with hypopituitarism, right abducens nerve paresis and masked diabetes insipidus. (5/84)

Primitive trigeminal artery variant aneurysm treated with Guglielmi detachable coils--case report. (6/84)

Isolated abducens nerve paresis associated with incomplete Horner's syndrome caused by petrous apex fracture--case report and anatomical study. (7/84)

Adaptations and deficits in the vestibulo-ocular reflex after sixth nerve palsy. (8/84)

What does abducens nerve diseases mean?

Benign Abducens Nerve Palsy (Benign Sixth Nerve Palsy Syndrome): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - Symptoma

Abducens nerve palsy | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org

Sixth Nerve Palsy - AAPOS

Sixth Cranial Nerve

IF THE SHOE DOESNT FIT, DONT WEAR IT | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

View source for Abducens nerve palsy - WikEM

Botulinum Toxin Cranial Nerve Palsy Paresis Sixth Nerve - Iranian Journal of Ophthalmology - مجله چشم پزشکی ایران

Kraniyal Sinir Şivannomlarının Eşlik Ettiği Tip 2 Nörofibromatozis: Olgu Sunumu

ClinMed International Library

Abducens nerve palsy as a postoperative complication of minimally invasive thoracic spine surgery: a case report | BMC Surgery ...

Benign Recurrent Abducens (Sixth) Nerve Palsy

Difference between revisions of Abducens nerve palsy - WikEM

Pediatric third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsies: a population-based study

Absence of the common carotid artery in a patient with a persistent trigeminal artery variant

Sixth nerve palsy - Wikipedia

thyroid eye disease [Operative Neurosurgery]